wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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1804444 | Jan Zahradil | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jan%20Zahradil | Jan Zahradil
in Europe (ACRE) was founded in 2010 Jan Zahradil has been its President.
## Ethical controversy.
Jan Zahradil made controversial statements whitewashing European Parliament’s criticisms on the state of human rights in Azerbaijan, mentioned in three European Parliament resolutions in the period of 2015–2... | 22,400 |
1804444 | Jan Zahradil | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jan%20Zahradil | Jan Zahradil
revealed that Azerbaijan blindfolded several members of PACE, bringing into play the infamous caviar diplomacy to tone down and soothe criticism towards Azerbaijan. These members were subjected to sanctions. Commenting on these events, Zahradil said: "The Council of Europe has made unilateral and biased de... | 22,401 |
1804444 | Jan Zahradil | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jan%20Zahradil | Jan Zahradil
sed decisions on Azerbaijan and it should be abolished".
# Political views.
Viewed as being an ideological protégé of former Czech President Václav Klaus, Jan Zahradil is a strong eurosceptic and sceptic on the issue of climate change. He has actively promoted "The Great Global Warming Swindle" film and ... | 22,402 |
1804503 | Tenshō Shūbun | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tenshō%20Shūbun | Tenshō Shūbun
Tenshō Shūbun
# History.
Shūbun was born in the late 14th century in Ōmi Province and became a professional painter around 1403. He settled in Kyoto, then the capital city. He became director of the court painting bureau, established by Ashikaga shōguns, which consisted of influential art patrons. He wa... | 22,403 |
1804503 | Tenshō Shūbun | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tenshō%20Shūbun | Tenshō Shūbun
who became the father of the new Japanese ink painting tradition. Under Josetsu's influence, Shūbun started studying Chinese Song Dynasty painting by masters such as Xia Gui and Ma Yuan; consequently, Shūbun's style was an intermediate step between early Japanese artists who imitated Chinese models very c... | 22,404 |
1804503 | Tenshō Shūbun | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tenshō%20Shūbun | Tenshō Shūbun
also founded the Kanō school of painting.
Shūbun's most well-known painting, designated as a National Treasure in Japan, is "Reading in a Bamboo Grove", now kept in the Tokyo National Museum. The same museum houses a few other works attributed to Shūbun, among them a pair of titled . Two more pairs of fo... | 22,405 |
1804503 | Tenshō Shūbun | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tenshō%20Shūbun | Tenshō Shūbun
landscapes.
# See also.
- Annals of the Joseon Dynasty
# References.
- Deal, William E. 2007. "Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan". Oxford University Press US.
- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). "Japan encyclopedia." Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ; OCLC 5805312... | 22,406 |
1804503 | Tenshō Shūbun | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tenshō%20Shūbun | Tenshō Shūbun
in Medieval and Early Modern Japan". Oxford University Press US.
- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). "Japan encyclopedia." Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ; OCLC 58053128
- Varley, H. Paul. (2000). "Japanese Culture." Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
# External links.
- Landsc... | 22,407 |
1804525 | Singapore Network Information Centre | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Singapore%20Network%20Information%20Centre | Singapore Network Information Centre
Singapore Network Information Centre
Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) is the National Internet Registry for Singapore. It administers the .sg top level domain.
Formed in October 1995, the SGNIC took over the operation of Domain Name Registration (DNR) Services in Novem... | 22,408 |
1804525 | Singapore Network Information Centre | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Singapore%20Network%20Information%20Centre | Singapore Network Information Centre
n SGNIC was registered as a company.
The SGNIC comprises four entities:
- SGNIC Board
- SGNIC Operations
- Domain Name Registration Service (DNRS) Committee
- Domain Name System Technical (DNST) Committee
The SGNIC Board formulates policies for SGNIC and comprises representati... | 22,409 |
1804519 | Maria de Belém Roseira | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maria%20de%20Belém%20Roseira | Maria de Belém Roseira
Maria de Belém Roseira
Maria de Belém Roseira Martins Coelho Henriques de Pina, GCC (b. Porto, 28 July 1949) is a Portuguese politician who served as President of the Socialist Party from 2011 to 2014. She is informally known as "Maria de Belém", or, more commonly, "Maria de Belém Roseira".
She... | 22,410 |
1804519 | Maria de Belém Roseira | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maria%20de%20Belém%20Roseira | Maria de Belém Roseira
ond government.
In December 2006, while she was still President of the Parliamentary Health Commission, she was hired as a consultant by Espírito Santo Saúde, a private health provider. She stated that she did not consider there would be any conflict of interest holding both roles simultaneously... | 22,411 |
1804472 | Jerrahi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerrahi | Jerrahi
Jerrahi
The Jerrahi () are a Sufi tariqah (order) derived from the Halveti order. Their founder is Hazreti Pîr Muhammad Nureddin al-Jerrahi (1678-1720), who lived in Istanbul and is buried at the site of his tekke in Karagumruk, Istanbul; Nureddin was a direct descendant of Muhammad both from his mother and fa... | 22,412 |
1804472 | Jerrahi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerrahi | Jerrahi
with members from diverse professional, ethnic and national backgrounds.
The head dergah "convention" of the Halveti-Jerrahi Order is in Karagumruk, Istanbul. There are some substations in Turkey and it has branches in some European countries, Australia, South Africa, South America and North America, including... | 22,413 |
1804472 | Jerrahi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerrahi | Jerrahi
of mixed immigrant and local convert backgrounds.
# History.
This Sufi Order was brought to Western countries by Muzaffer Ozak, who was the 19th Grand Sheikh of the Order from 1966 until his death in 1985. Sefer Dal was Grand Sheikh of the Order from 1985 until his own death in 1999. Omer Tugrul Inancer has b... | 22,414 |
1804472 | Jerrahi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerrahi | Jerrahi
current Grand Sheikh of the Order, was a speaker at the World Sufi Forum organized by the All India Ulema and Mashaikh Board in 2016.
# See also.
- Nur Ashki Jerrahi Sufi Order
- Muzaffer Ozak
- Malamatiyya
- Mevlevi Order
- Bektashiyyah
- Bayramiyya
# External links.
- Halveti Jerrahi order of America... | 22,415 |
1804472 | Jerrahi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerrahi | Jerrahi
in Brazil
- Nur Ashki Jerrahi Order in New York
- Zawiya of the Tariqa Halveti-Cerrahi in Granada, Spain
- First khalyfa Jerrahi in Italy (died 2010)
- Interview with Sheikh Tosun Bayrak al-Jerrahi
- Interview with Sheikh Ragip al-Jerrahi
- Interviews with Rabbi David Edelman and Sheikh Tosun Bayrak al-Je... | 22,416 |
1804542 | Det Blå Marked | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Det%20Blå%20Marked | Det Blå Marked
Det Blå Marked
Det Blå Marked () is a chain of Danish antique markets owned by Lars Kristensen.
The first property was opened in Børkop, with others opening later in Låsby, Haslev and Randers. Only the "Haslev" and "Låsby" markets still operate, although all were commercially successful.
The current f... | 22,417 |
1804536 | Roger Goldsworthy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Goldsworthy | Roger Goldsworthy
Roger Goldsworthy
Sir Roger Tuckfield Goldsworthy (1839 – 6 May 1900) was a British colonial administrator.
Roger Goldsworthy was born in Marylebone, Middlesex in 1839, and educated at Sandhurst, the younger brother of Major-General Walter Tuckfield Goldsworthy MP (1837–1911). He joined his father a... | 22,418 |
1804536 | Roger Goldsworthy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Goldsworthy | Roger Goldsworthy
Egan. He was then commandant of the Hausa Armed Police and District Magistrate of Lagos until 1873. He then became Inspector of Customs for the Gold Coast until 1874. In 1874 he was made CMG for his role in the war with the Akumahs. His next appointment was as President of Nevis from 1876 to 1877.
In... | 22,419 |
1804536 | Roger Goldsworthy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Goldsworthy | Roger Goldsworthy
the war with the Akumahs. His next appointment was as President of Nevis from 1876 to 1877.
In 1877, Goldsworthy was appointed Colonial Secretary of Western Australia, a position which also implied an appointment to the Western Australian Legislative Council. He took up both appointments on 30 August... | 22,420 |
1804548 | Baghdad Airport Road | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baghdad%20Airport%20Road | Baghdad Airport Road
Baghdad Airport Road
The Baghdad Airport Road is a 12-kilometre (7.5 mi) stretch of highway in Baghdad, Iraq linking the Green Zone, a heavily fortified area at the centre of Baghdad, to Baghdad International Airport (BIAP). It also links different parts of Baghdad to the Airport and connects neig... | 22,421 |
1804548 | Baghdad Airport Road | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baghdad%20Airport%20Road | Baghdad Airport Road
stretches east from the airport, then turns south (past the junction with Route Aeros) to a junction with Highway 1 (MSR Tampa).
Because of heavy military traffic and high-profile convoys, the route from the International Zone to the airport was extremely dangerous in the years following the invas... | 22,422 |
1804548 | Baghdad Airport Road | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baghdad%20Airport%20Road | Baghdad Airport Road
oys, the route from the International Zone to the airport was extremely dangerous in the years following the invasion. The many roadside bombs, suicide bombers attacking its checkpoints, drive-by shootings and random shooting from the areas on both sides of the road have led to its notoriety. In la... | 22,423 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
Pikachu
The Pikachu design was conceived by Atsuko Nishida and finalized by Ken Sugimori. Pikachu first appeared in "Pokémon Red" and "Green" in Japan, and later in the first internationally released "Pokémon" video games, "Pokémon Red" and "Blue", for the original Game Boy.
Pikachu are one of the most well-k... | 22,424 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
the "Pokémon" series began in Japan in 1996, and features several species of creatures called "Pokémon" that players, called "trainers", are encouraged to capture, train, and use to battle other players' Pokémon or interact with the game's world. Pikachu was one of several different Pokémon designs conceived by... | 22,425 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
a sound a mouse makes. Despite its name's origins, however, Nishida based Pikachu's generation 1 design, especially its cheeks, on squirrels. Developer Junichi Masuda noted Pikachu's name as one of the most difficult to create, due to an effort to make it appealing to both Japanese and American audiences.
Stan... | 22,426 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
In "Pokémon Diamond" and "Pearl", gender differences were introduced; a female Pikachu now has an indent at the end of its tail, giving it a heart-shaped appearance. They attack primarily by projecting electricity from their bodies at their targets. Within the context of the franchise, a Pikachu can transform, ... | 22,427 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
comic book series more "engaging". However, with the production of the animated series, Pikachu was chosen as the primary mascot, in an attempt to appeal to female viewers and their mothers, and under the belief that the creature presented the image of a recognizable intimate pet for children. Its color was als... | 22,428 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
the production of the animated series OLM, Inc. giving the suggestion to utilize Pikachu’s potential to Game Freak, and stated he felt the human aspect of the series was overlooked by Japanese children who embraced Pikachu by itself more readily. Pikachu was originally going to have a second evolution called Go... | 22,429 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
Poké Ball, and instead follows the main character around on screen. The trainer can speak to it and it displays different reactions depending on how it is treated. "Pokémon Yellow" followed the anime series closely, with Pikachu as a central character. "Pokémon Let's Go", which is based heavily on "Yellow", has... | 22,430 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
allowed players of "Pokémon HeartGold" and "SoulSilver" to access a route on the Pokéwalker which solely contained Pikachu which knew attacks that they were not normally compatible with, Surf and Fly. Both of these attacks can be used outside battles as travel aids. Seven "Cap" forms of Pikachu, wearing caps be... | 22,431 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
from the main series, Pikachu stars in "Hey You, Pikachu!" for the Nintendo 64. The player interacts with Pikachu through a microphone, issuing commands to play various mini-games and act out situations. The game "Pokémon Channel" follows a similar premise of interacting with the Pikachu, though without the mic... | 22,432 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
Pikachu appears as a playable fighter in "Pokkén Tournament", along with "Pikachu Libre", based on "Cosplay Pikachu" from "Omega Ruby" and "Alpha Sapphire". "Detective Pikachu" features a talking Pikachu who becomes a detective and helps to solve mysteries.
## In anime.
The "Pokémon" anime series and films fe... | 22,433 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
Hopeful to become a Pokémon Master, the night before he receives his starter Pokémon (either Squirtle, Charmander or Bulbasaur) he has a dream where he is catching a Pokémon and actually, while sleeping, physically breaks his alarm clock. Ash quickly runs to Professor Oak's lab, where he finds out all the start... | 22,434 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
Pokémon Center. Through these demonstrations of respect and unconditional commitment to Pokémon, Pikachu warms up to Ash, and their friendship is formed. However, he still refuses to go into his Poké Ball. Soon after, Pikachu shows great power that sets him apart from Pokémon, and other Pikachu, which causes Te... | 22,435 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
and his Pikachu. The most notable among these is Ritchie's Pikachu, Sparky. Like most other Pokémon, Pikachu communicates only by saying syllables of his own name. He is voiced by Ikue Ōtani in all versions of the anime. In "Pokémon Live!", the musical stage show adapted from the anime, Pikachu was played by Je... | 22,436 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
series, including "Magical Pokémon Journey" and "Getto Da Ze" also feature Pikachu while other manga series, such as "Electric Tale of Pikachu", and "Ash & Pikachu", feature the most well known Pikachu belonging to Ketchum in the anime series.
Collectible cards featuring Pikachu have appeared since the initial... | 22,437 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
legacy.
As the mascot of the franchise, Pikachu has made multiple appearances in various promotional events and merchandise. In 1998, then Topeka, Kansas Mayor Joan Wagnon renamed the town "Topikachu" for a day, and a "got milk?" advertisement featured Pikachu on April 25, 2000. A Pikachu balloon has been feat... | 22,438 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
snowman.
During the first episode of the 11th season of "Top Gear", presenter Richard Hammond compared an image of the Tata Nano to one of Pikachu, stating, "they've saved money on the styling 'cause they've just based it on this." In the episode "Dual" of the third season of "Heroes", Hiro Nakamura is nicknam... | 22,439 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
In the 2002 episode "Bart vs. Lisa vs. the Third Grade", Bart Simpson has a hallucination while taking a test in class and envisages his classmates as various television characters, one of which is Pikachu. Maggie Simpson appeared as a Pikachu in a couch gag during the opening sequence of the 2003 episode "'Tis... | 22,440 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
"Time" in 1999, who called it "the most beloved animated character since Hello Kitty". The magazine noted Pikachu as the "public face of a phenomenon that has spread from Nintendo's fastest selling video game to a trading-card empire", citing the franchise's profits for the year as "the reason for the ranking",... | 22,441 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
character of the year" with an income of $825 million. In 2004, the character dropped two spots to tenth on the list, taking in $825 million for a second straight year. In a 2008 Oricon poll, Pikachu was voted as the fourth most popular video game character in Japan, tying with Solid Snake. The character has be... | 22,442 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
Pokémon and the best Pokémon overall. They added that if a person were to go around and ask "Pokémon" players who their favourite Pokémon was, they would "almost always" choose Pikachu. They also called Pikachu "brave and loyal". On a less positive note, Pikachu was ranked first in AskMen's top 10 of the most i... | 22,443 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
The name was inspired due to Pikachu's "lightning-fast moves and shocking electric effects".
Pikachu and ten other Pokémon were chosen as Japan's mascots in the 2014 FIFA World Cup. In August 2017, The Pokémon Company had partnered with Snap Inc. to bring Pikachu to the social media app, Snapchat. Manga author... | 22,444 |
269816 | Pikachu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikachu | Pikachu
chu" (sculpture), New Orleans
# References.
- Loe, Casey, ed. "Pokémon Special Pikachu Edition Official Perfect Guide". Sunnydale, California: Empire 21 Publishing, 1999.
- Barbo, Maria. "The Official Pokémon Handbook". Scholastic Publishing, 1999. .
- Mylonas, Eric. "Pokémon Pokédex Collector's Edition: Pr... | 22,445 |
1804490 | Third Protectorate Parliament | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Third%20Protectorate%20Parliament | Third Protectorate Parliament
Third Protectorate Parliament
The Third Protectorate Parliament sat for one session, from 27 January 1659 until 22 April 1659, with Chaloner Chute and Thomas Bampfylde as the Speakers of the House of Commons. It was a bicameral Parliament, with an Upper House having a power of veto over t... | 22,446 |
1804490 | Third Protectorate Parliament | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Third%20Protectorate%20Parliament | Third Protectorate Parliament
call a Parliament in the hope that it would cement his position by general recognition of the ruling class and by raising new taxes to pay the arrears owed to the Army.
The Third Protectorate Parliament was summoned on 9 December 1658 on the basis of the old franchise, and assembled on 27... | 22,447 |
1804490 | Third Protectorate Parliament | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Third%20Protectorate%20Parliament | Third Protectorate Parliament
the dismissal of the Rump Parliament by Oliver Cromwell in 1653.
The Protectorate faction was led by the Secretary of State John Thurloe, General John Lambert and Major-Generals Charles Fleetwood and Sir John Desborough. These members wished to keep the Protectorate but were divided over ... | 22,448 |
1804490 | Third Protectorate Parliament | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Third%20Protectorate%20Parliament | Third Protectorate Parliament
informal committee of key generals and republican parliamentary members met at Henry Vane the Younger's home at Charing-Cross; representing the army were John Lambert, Col John Hones, Col. Kelsey, Col. Berry, and representing Parliament were Sir Henry Vane, Sir Arthur Haslerig, Major Salow... | 22,449 |
1804490 | Third Protectorate Parliament | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Third%20Protectorate%20Parliament | Third Protectorate Parliament
law and clergy, should be reformed and amended; 4. That the government of the nation should be by a representative of the people, and by a select senate (chosen in part by the military faction)". Difficulties arose from mistrust between Parliament and the army, making effective working bet... | 22,450 |
1804490 | Third Protectorate Parliament | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Third%20Protectorate%20Parliament | Third Protectorate Parliament
out during Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate. But accepting that the Commonwealthsmen were in the ascendency in Parliament, Desborough and Fleetwood forced a reluctant Richard Cromwell to use his powers as Lord Protector to dissolve Parliament on 22 April 1659.
The Grandees intended to keep ... | 22,451 |
1804490 | Third Protectorate Parliament | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Third%20Protectorate%20Parliament | Third Protectorate Parliament
less than a month after the dissolution of the Third Protectorate Parliament.
There were two Speakers during the Third Protectorate Parliament and two Deputy Speakers. Chaloner Chute served as Speaker from 27 January 1659 until 14 April 1659, with two deputy speakers: Sir Lislebone Long f... | 22,452 |
1804490 | Third Protectorate Parliament | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Third%20Protectorate%20Parliament | Third Protectorate Parliament
reverted to being the same as in the Long Parliament. However the Scottish and Irish constituencies (see list in the First Protectorate Parliament article) remained unchanged.
## Constituencies.
Abbreviations: Boro' const. – Borough/Burgh constituencies, Shire const. – County/Shire const... | 22,453 |
1804490 | Third Protectorate Parliament | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Third%20Protectorate%20Parliament | Third Protectorate Parliament
iversity constituencies, Total Const. – Total constituencies, Con. (or Const.) - Constituencies
Table 1: Constituencies and MPs, by type and country
Table 2: Number of seats per constituency, by type and country
"Notes: (1) Monmouthshire (1 borough and 2 county seats) included in Englan... | 22,454 |
1804534 | Rifa`i | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rifa`i | Rifa`i
Rifa`i
Rifa`i (also "Rufa`i", "Rifa`iyya", "Rifa`iya", Arabic, الرفاعية) is an eminent Sufi order (tariqa) founded by Ahmed ar-Rifa'i and developed in the Lower Iraq marshlands between Wasit and Basra. The Rifa'iyya had its greatest following until the 15th century C.E. when it was overtaken by the Qadiri order... | 22,455 |
1804534 | Rifa`i | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rifa`i | Rifa`i
around the village of Umm 'Ubayda. In the Lower Iraq marshlands, the Rifa'i order developed and gained notice throughout the 12th century C.E. due to its extravagant practices. Rifa'i expanded into Egypt and Syria.
In 1268 C.E., Abu Muhammad 'Ali al-Hariri formed the Syrian branch of the order which became know... | 22,456 |
1804534 | Rifa`i | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rifa`i | Rifa`i
with those of other orders that predominate in the local area. For example, the group established by Ken'an Rifa'i in Istanbul that reflects elements of the Mevlevi Order, while more rural Turkish Rifa'is have absorbed significant influence from the Alevi/Bektashi tradition.
The order spread into Anatolia durin... | 22,457 |
1804534 | Rifa`i | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rifa`i | Rifa`i
found in Staten Island and Toronto that were under the guidance of the late Shaykh Xhemali Shehu (d.2004) of Prizren, Kosovo. Each of these orders is ultimately Turkish in origin.
The original Rifai order has spawned many branches and derivatives. For example, the Islamic Sufi Order of Qadiri Rifai Tariqa of th... | 22,458 |
1804534 | Rifa`i | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rifa`i | Rifa`i
erences, giving discourses, and has written many books. The order has its center established in Nassau, New York.
# Practices.
During heightened states of Rifa'i Ratib, Rifa'i followers were noted to have eaten live snakes, entered ovens filled with fire and ridden on lions. Followers were also noted to have p... | 22,459 |
1804570 | Order of the Crown (Netherlands) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Order%20of%20the%20Crown%20(Netherlands) | Order of the Crown (Netherlands)
Order of the Crown (Netherlands)
The Order of the Crown () is a house order of the Dutch Royal House. The order came into being as a result of Queen Juliana's reorganization of the Order of the House of Orange (Huisorde van Oranje) in 1969. The 18 classes of the house order were no lon... | 22,460 |
1804570 | Order of the Crown (Netherlands) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Order%20of%20the%20Crown%20(Netherlands) | Order of the Crown (Netherlands)
instituted a silver medal to commemorate state visits.
The Order of the Crown has the traditional five grades and three medals. This allows the Dutch monarch to dispense the decorations according to rank especially during state visits.
# List of current members Grand Cross.
- Charles... | 22,461 |
1804570 | Order of the Crown (Netherlands) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Order%20of%20the%20Crown%20(Netherlands) | Order of the Crown (Netherlands)
of Norway (1996)
- King Rama X, then Crown Prince of Thailand (2004)
- Princess Sirindhorn of Thailand (2004)
- Princess Astrid of Belgium, Archduchess of Austria-Este (2006)
- Princess Claire of Belgium (2006)
- Prince Laurent of Belgium (2006)
- Prince Lorenz of Belgium, Archduk... | 22,462 |
1804570 | Order of the Crown (Netherlands) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Order%20of%20the%20Crown%20(Netherlands) | Order of the Crown (Netherlands)
of Denmark (2015)
- Princess Marie of Denmark (2015)
- Juliana Awada (2017)
- Iveta Vējone (2018)
- Georgi-Rene Maksimovski (2018)
- Lígia Fonseca (2018)
# Insignia.
- 1. Grand Cross ("Grootkruis") - badge may be worn on a sash on the right shoulder, plus a 4-pointed star on the ... | 22,463 |
1804570 | Order of the Crown (Netherlands) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Order%20of%20the%20Crown%20(Netherlands) | Order of the Crown (Netherlands)
on the left chest;
- 6. Medals in Gold, Silver and Bronze ("Medaille in goud, zilver en brons") - wears the medal on a ribbon on the left chest.
# External links.
- http://orderofsplendor.blogspot.be/2013/05/the-dutch-inauguration-orders-and-gents.html
- https://web.archive.org/web/... | 22,464 |
1804570 | Order of the Crown (Netherlands) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Order%20of%20the%20Crown%20(Netherlands) | Order of the Crown (Netherlands)
b/20120425124044/http://3.t.cdn.belga.be/picture%3A23472085%3Apreview%3Awatermark
- http://www.monarchie.be/sites/default/files/imagecache/ImageDetail/images/fr_2Nederland06.jpg
- http://www.kongehuset.no/aim/kongehuset/63/5/storage/file.image.jpg/Scale?geometry=580x%3E
- http://0.t.... | 22,465 |
1804540 | Fragile binary interface problem | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fragile%20binary%20interface%20problem | Fragile binary interface problem
Fragile binary interface problem
The fragile binary interface problem or FBI is a shortcoming of certain object-oriented programming language compilers, in which internal changes to an underlying class library can cause descendant libraries or programs to cease working. It is an exampl... | 22,466 |
1804540 | Fragile binary interface problem | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fragile%20binary%20interface%20problem | Fragile binary interface problem
there were no objects in the modern sense, but there was a similar construct known as a record (or "struct" in C) that held a variety of related information in one piece of memory. The parts within a particular record were accessed by keeping track of the starting location of the record... | 22,467 |
1804540 | Fragile binary interface problem | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fragile%20binary%20interface%20problem | Fragile binary interface problem
much of the existing compiler technology was used, and objects were built on top of the record concept. In these languages the objects were referred to by their starting point, and their public data, known as "fields", were accessed through the known offset. In effect the only change wa... | 22,468 |
1804540 | Fragile binary interface problem | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fragile%20binary%20interface%20problem | Fragile binary interface problem
changes the size or layout of the public fields within the object, the offsets are now invalid and the program will no longer work. This is the FBI problem.
Although changes in implementation may be expected to cause problems, the insidious thing about FBI is that nothing "really" chan... | 22,469 |
1804540 | Fragile binary interface problem | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fragile%20binary%20interface%20problem | Fragile binary interface problem
this problem almost completely hidden from view.
In complex object-oriented programs or libraries the highest-level classes may be inheriting from tens of classes. Each of those base classes could be inherited by hundreds of other classes as well. These base classes are fragile because... | 22,470 |
1804540 | Fragile binary interface problem | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fragile%20binary%20interface%20problem | Fragile binary interface problem
is generally unaware of which classes, developed by others, are using it.
# Solutions.
## Languages.
One solution to the fragile binary interface problem is to write a language that knows the problem exists, and does not let it happen in the first place. Most custom-written OO langua... | 22,471 |
1804540 | Fragile binary interface problem | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fragile%20binary%20interface%20problem | Fragile binary interface problem
on what changes are safe to make without causing FBI problems.
Another solution is to write out an intermediate file listing the offsets and other information from the compile stage, known as meta-data. The linker then uses this information to correct itself when the library is loaded ... | 22,472 |
1804540 | Fragile binary interface problem | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fragile%20binary%20interface%20problem | Fragile binary interface problem
(this can be seen in the structs used in the DirectX library). This solution works well until you run out of these dummies -- and you do not want to add too many because it takes up memory.
Objective-C 2.0 provides non-fragile instance variables by having an extra level of indirection ... | 22,473 |
1804540 | Fragile binary interface problem | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fragile%20binary%20interface%20problem | Fragile binary interface problem
data does not affect the size of the public structure. However, this does not avoid other breaking changes such as introducing virtual methods to a class that has none, or changing the inheritance graph.
## Linkers.
Another solution requires a smarter linker. In the original version o... | 22,474 |
1804540 | Fragile binary interface problem | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fragile%20binary%20interface%20problem | Fragile binary interface problem
and those it did could be corrected with the versioning system. Objective-C 2.0 added a "modern runtime" which solved the FBI problem for fields as well. Additionally, the TOM language uses runtime collected offsets for everything, making FBI impossible.
Using static instead of dynamic... | 22,475 |
1804540 | Fragile binary interface problem | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fragile%20binary%20interface%20problem | Fragile binary interface problem
automatically" as they are introduced.
## Architecture.
In these languages the problem is lessened by enforcing single inheritance (as this reduces the complexity of the inheritance tree), and by the use of interfaces instead of base classes with virtual functions, as interfaces thems... | 22,476 |
1804561 | David Naylor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Naylor | David Naylor
David Naylor
Christopher David Naylor, (born October 26, 1954) is a Canadian physician, medical researcher and former president of the University of Toronto. He is ICES scientist emeritus and founding CEO. In 2016, he was inducted into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame.
# Life and career.
Naylor was bor... | 22,477 |
1804561 | David Naylor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Naylor | David Naylor
Medicine at the University of Toronto in 1987 where his clinical base was at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.
Naylor developed the proposal for the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences in 1991 and served as the Institute's President and Chief Executive Officer from its inception in 1992 until June... | 22,478 |
1804561 | David Naylor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Naylor | David Naylor
Vivek Goel who in turn had replaced interim president Frank Iacobucci, who himself took over after the departure of Robert Birgeneau. Naylor officially took office on October 1, 2005.
On July 25, 2006, it was announced that Naylor had been appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada. He was appointed on A... | 22,479 |
1804561 | David Naylor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Naylor | David Naylor
anada. He was appointed on April 6, 2006, and his investiture took place on February 9, 2007.
On June 24, 2014, Naylor was appointed by Rona Ambrose, Minister of Health, as Chair of the Advisory Panel on Healthcare Innovation. The Panel's report, "Unleashing Innovation: Excellence for Healthcare in Canada... | 22,480 |
1804463 | Pericyte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pericyte | Pericyte
Pericyte
Pericytes (previously known as Rouget cells) are multi-functional mural cells of the microcirculation that wrap around the endothelial cells that line the capillaries and venules throughout the body. Pericytes are embedded in basement membrane, where they communicate with endothelial cells of the bod... | 22,481 |
1804463 | Pericyte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pericyte | Pericyte
and phagocytosis of cellular debris, and the permeability of the blood–brain barrier. Pericytes stabilize and monitor the maturation of endothelial cells by means of direct communication between the cell membrane as well as through paracrine signaling. A deficiency of pericytes in the central nervous system ca... | 22,482 |
1804463 | Pericyte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pericyte | Pericyte
also project finger-like extensions that wrap around the capillary wall, allowing the cells to regulate capillary blood flow.
Both pericytes and endothelial cells share a basement membrane where a variety of intercellular connections are made. Many types of integrin molecules facilitate communication between ... | 22,483 |
1804463 | Pericyte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pericyte | Pericyte
Important molecules in these intercellular connections include N-cadherin, fibronectin, connexin and various integrins.
In some regions of the basement membrane, adhesion plaques composed of fibronectin can be found. These plaques facilitate the connection of the basement membrane to the cytoskeletal structur... | 22,484 |
1804463 | Pericyte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pericyte | Pericyte
expression for nestin (PDGFRβ+CD146+Nes-) and type-2 characterized by positive expression for nestin (PDGFRβ+CD146+Nes+). While both types are able to proliferate in response to glycerol or BaCl2-induced injury, type-1 pericytes give rise to adipogenic cells only in response to glycerol injection and type-2 be... | 22,485 |
1804463 | Pericyte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pericyte | Pericyte
known as microvascular pericytes, develop around the walls of capillaries and help to serve this function. Microvascular pericytes may not be contractile cells because they lack alpha-actin isoforms; structures that are common amongst other contractile cells. These cells communicate with endothelial cells via ... | 22,486 |
1804463 | Pericyte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pericyte | Pericyte
smooth muscle cells, neural cells, NG2 glia, muscle fibers, adipocytes, as well as fibroblasts and other mesenchymal stem cells. However, whether these cells differentiate into each other is an outstanding question in the field. Pericytes' regenerative capacity is affected by aging. Such versatility is conduci... | 22,487 |
1804463 | Pericyte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pericyte | Pericyte
aminopeptidase N/pAPN that may help to promote angiogenesis. When this hormone was mixed with cerebral endothelial cells as well as astrocytes, the pericytes grouped into structures that resembled capillaries. Furthermore, if experimental group contained all of the following with the exception of pericytes, th... | 22,488 |
1804463 | Pericyte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pericyte | Pericyte
the protein Bcl-w during cellular crosstalk. Bcl-w is an instrumental protein in the pathway that enforces VEGF-A expression and discourages apoptosis. Although there is some speculation as to why VEGF is directly responsible for preventing apoptosis, it is believed to be responsible for modulating apoptotic s... | 22,489 |
1804463 | Pericyte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pericyte | Pericyte
play a crucial role in the formation and functionality of the selectively permeable space between the circulatory system and central nervous system. This space is known as the blood–brain barrier. This barrier is composed of endothelial cells and assures the protection and functionality of the brain and centra... | 22,490 |
1804463 | Pericyte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pericyte | Pericyte
of CNS immune cells (which can damage the formation of the barrier) and by reducing the expression of molecules that increase vascular permeability.
Aside from blood–brain barrier formation, pericytes also play an active role in its functionality by controlling the flow within blood vessels and between blood ... | 22,491 |
1804463 | Pericyte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pericyte | Pericyte
of the blood-brain barrier.
## Blood flow.
Increasing evidence suggests that pericytes can regulate blood flow at the capillary level. For the retina, movies have been published showing that pericytes constrict capillaries when their membrane potential is altered to cause calcium influx, and in the brain it ... | 22,492 |
1804463 | Pericyte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pericyte | Pericyte
of pericyte which explicitly excludes contractile pericytes. It appears that different signaling pathways regulate the constriction of capillaries by pericytes and of arterioles by smooth muscle cells.
Pericytes are important in maintaining circulation. In a study involving adult pericyte-deficient mice, cere... | 22,493 |
1804463 | Pericyte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pericyte | Pericyte
abnormalities in pericyte function are seen in many pathologies. They may either be present in excess, leading to diseases such as hypertension and tumor formation, or in deficiency, leading to neurodegenerative diseases.
## Hemangioma.
The clinical phases of hemangioma have physiological differences, correl... | 22,494 |
1804463 | Pericyte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pericyte | Pericyte
and smooth muscle actin (pericyte marker) are present during the proliferating and involuting phases, but are lost after the lesion is fully involuted.
## Hemangiopericytoma.
Hemangiopericytoma is a rare vascular neoplasm, or abnormal growth, that may either be benign or malignant. In its malignant form, met... | 22,495 |
1804463 | Pericyte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pericyte | Pericyte
of the inability to distinguish pericytes from other types of cells using light microscopy. Treatment may involve surgical removal and radiation therapy, depending on the level of bone penetration and stage in the tumor's development.
## Diabetic retinopathy.
The retina of diabetic individuals often exhibits... | 22,496 |
1804463 | Pericyte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pericyte | Pericyte
of the eye through a macular edema, or forms new vessels that permeate into the vitreous membrane of the eye. The end result is reduction or loss of vision. While it is unclear why pericytes are lost in diabetic patients, one hypothesis is that toxic sorbitol and advanced glycation end-products (AGE) accumulat... | 22,497 |
1804463 | Pericyte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pericyte | Pericyte
adult and aging brain leads to the disruption of proper cerebral perfusion and maintenance of the blood–brain barrier, which causes neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. The apoptosis of pericytes in the aging brain may be the result of a failure in communication between growth factors and receptors on peri... | 22,498 |
1804463 | Pericyte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pericyte | Pericyte
mouse models (which lack genes encoding steps in the PDGFB:PDGFRB signalling cascade) and have an Alzheimer's-causing mutation have exacerbated Alzheimer's-like pathology compared to mice with normal pericyte coverage and an Alzheimer's-causing mutation.
## Stroke.
In conditions of stroke, pericytes constric... | 22,499 |
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