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269865 | Outward Bound | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Outward%20Bound | Outward Bound
J. F. 'Freddy' Fuller who took over the leadership of the Aberdyfi school in 1942 and served the Outward Bound movement as senior warden until 1971. Fuller had been seconded from the Blue Funnel Line following wartime experience during the Battle of the Atlantic of surviving two successive torpedo attacks and commanding an open lifeboat in the Atlantic Ocean for thirty-five days without losing a single member of the crew.
An educational charity, named The Outward Bound Trust, was established in 1946 to operate the school. A second school followed in England at Eskdale Green in 1950. The first Outward Bound program for females was conducted in 1951. During the next decade, several other schools | 23,200 |
269865 | Outward Bound | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Outward%20Bound | Outward Bound
opened around the United Kingdom. Outward Bound Australia was founded in 1956. A school in Lumut, Malaysia was opened in 1954. The first Outward Bound USA course was run in 1961 for the Peace Corps, which it helped to shape. Outward Bound New Zealand was founded in 1962 and Outward Bound Singapore was established in 1967.
From the inception of Outward Bound, community service was an integral part of the program, especially in the areas of sea and mountain rescues and this remains an important part of the training for both staff and students. During the period 1941 to 1965 in the United Kingdom, the philosophy of the schools evolved from ‘character‐training’ to ‘personal growth’ and ‘self‐discovery’.
Outward | 23,201 |
269865 | Outward Bound | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Outward%20Bound | Outward Bound
Bound International was founded in 2004 to license the use of the brand name 'Outward Bound' and to provide support for the international network of schools.
# Name.
The name Outward Bound derives from a nautical expression that refers to the moment a ship leaves the harbor. This is signified by Outward Bound's use of the nautical flag, the Blue Peter (a white square inside a blue square). JF Fuller adapted the Outward Bound motto, "To Serve, To Strive and not To Yield," from the poem "Ulysses" by Alfred Lord Tennyson:
poem style="margin-left: 2em;"... Come, my friends.
Tis not too late to seek a newer world.
Though much is taken, much abides; and though
We are not now that strength which | 23,202 |
269865 | Outward Bound | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Outward%20Bound | Outward Bound
in old days
Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are --
One equal temper of heroic hearts,
Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will
To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield./poem
# Current.
Since its founding in the middle of the last century, Outward Bound has encouraged individuals to test their physical and emotional limits in challenging outdoor adventure programs. The experiences are a means of building inner strength and a heightened awareness of human interdependence. Outward Bound operates more than 30 schools in various countries and reports serving over 250,000 students each year. The Compass Rose serves as the logo for almost all the schools around the world.
# | 23,203 |
269865 | Outward Bound | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Outward%20Bound | Outward Bound
Course specifics.
Outward Bound courses follow a kind of recipe or formula, termed the "Outward Bound Process Model" which is well described by Walsh and Golins (1976) as:
- 1. Taking a ready, motivated learner
- 2. into a prescribed, unfamiliar physical environment,
- 3. along with a small group of people
- 4. who are faced with a series of incremental, inter-related problem-solving tasks
- 5. which creates in the individual a state of dissonance requiring adaptive coping and
- 6. leads to a sense of mastery or competence when equilibrium is managed.
- 7. The cumulative effect of these experiences leads to a reorganisation of the self-conceptions and information the learner holds about | 23,204 |
269865 | Outward Bound | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Outward%20Bound | Outward Bound
him/herself.
- 8. The learner will then continue to be positively oriented to further learning and development experiences (transfer).
In a typical class, participants are divided into small patrols (or groups) under the guidance of one or more instructors. The first few days, often at a base camp, are spent training for the outdoor education activities that the course will contain and in the philosophy of Outward Bound. After initial confidence-building challenges, the group heads off on an expedition. As the group develops the capacity to do so, the instructors ask the group to make its own decisions.
# See also.
- Adventure education
- Experiential education
- Experiential learning
- | 23,205 |
269865 | Outward Bound | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Outward%20Bound | Outward Bound
enges, the group heads off on an expedition. As the group develops the capacity to do so, the instructors ask the group to make its own decisions.
# See also.
- Adventure education
- Experiential education
- Experiential learning
- Lack of physical education
- Outward Bound Australia
- Outward Bound Costa Rica
- Outward Bound New Zealand
- Outward Bound Singapore
- Outward Bound USA
# External links.
- Outward Bound International official website
- Outward Bound Canada
- Outward Bound Czech Republic
- Outward Bound Netherlands
- Outward Bound New Zealand
- Outward Bound Oman
- Outward Bound Malaysia, Lumut
- Outward Bound Sabah
- Outward Bound UK (The Outward Bound Trust) | 23,206 |
1804872 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20College%20of%20Surgeons%20in%20Ireland | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI; ) is a professional association and educational institution that is responsible for the medical speciality of surgery throughout the island of Ireland. Uniquely among the four mutually recognised royal surgical colleges in the United Kingdom and Ireland, it also incorporates a medical school, which is now Ireland's largest with over 3,000 students from 60 countries.
The RCSI's main campus is situated on St. Stephen's Green in Dublin, having received its royal charter in 1784. At present, it incorporates schools of medicine, pharmacy, physiotherapy and nursing, and thus provides both undergraduate and postgraduate | 23,207 |
1804872 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20College%20of%20Surgeons%20in%20Ireland | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
levels of education and research activities in a number of healthcare fields.
# History.
## Guild.
Since medieval times, the practice of surgery was licensed by the Barber-Surgeons' Guild, also known at the time as the Guild of St. Mary Magdalene. The guild chapel was in Christ Church Cathedral. Guild membership at that time was obtained by a 3-year apprenticeship followed by 2 years as a master. In fact the College of Surgeons maintained a mandatory period of apprenticeship to a qualified surgeon until 1828.
In 1446, the Guild of St Mary Magdelene (of Barbers) was incorporated by royal decree of Henry VI, becoming the first medical corporation in Britain or Ireland.
## Towards a College | 23,208 |
1804872 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20College%20of%20Surgeons%20in%20Ireland | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
of Surgeons.
In 1765 Sylvester O'Halloran, a surgeon from Limerick, proposed a College of Surgeons along the lines of the College de St. Cosme in Paris, which had been regulating French surgeons since it had been created by Royal Charter by Louis IX in 1255, to train and regulate surgeons. The Dublin Society of Surgeons was founded in 1780 at the Elephant public house on Essex street (now Parliament street). Trinity College did not teach surgery as a subject until 1851, so Ireland was entirely without a school focused on surgery.
To have a separate organisation focused on providing standardised surgical education became one of the goals of the society and they lobbied for a Royal Charter, | 23,209 |
1804872 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20College%20of%20Surgeons%20in%20Ireland | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
in 1781 presenting the Lord Lieutenant a petition to be incorporated separately from the barbers. The awaited charter was granted by King George III on 11 February 1784. The governing body, including the first president Samuel Croker-King and William Dease, first professor of surgery, met in the boardroom of the Rotunda Hospital for the first time on 2 March. Importantly, admission or employment was not discriminated against on sectarian grounds. Two of its chief founders, Sylvester O'Halloran and William Dease, as well as eleven out of its first 57 presidents, were Catholics. The college also recognised the medical qualifications given by the Catholic university from 1856, which gave legitimacy | 23,210 |
1804872 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20College%20of%20Surgeons%20in%20Ireland | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
to their diplomas. The first candidate for examination was John Birch, in August 1784.
## York Street.
The current location, at the corner of York Street, was acquired in September 1805, with additional land at Glover's Alley bought in 1809. It was previously an abandoned Quaker burial ground. The Duke of Bedford laid the first stone of the new building on St. Patrick's Day, 1806 and building reached completion in March 1810.
A supplemental charter was granted by Queen Victoria in 1844, dividing medical graduates into Licentiates and Fellows. Initially, physicians were trained alongside surgeons. In 1886 these two disciplines were merged, and the medical school began operation. As a result | 23,211 |
1804872 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20College%20of%20Surgeons%20in%20Ireland | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
of this historical legacy, graduates of medicine still receive Licentiate diplomas from the two Royal Colleges as well as now being awarded MB (Bachelor of Medicine) BCh (Bachelor of Surgery) and BAO (Bachelor of the Art of Obstetrics) degrees by the National University of Ireland.
## 20th century.
During the 1916 Rising, the main college building on St Stephen's Green was occupied by Irish Citizen Army forces, led by Commandant Michael Mallin and Countess Markievicz. After surrendering, both were tried and sentenced to death. Mallin was executed while Markievicz's sentence was commuted due to her gender.
The RCSI was the first medical institution of learning to offer a 4-year graduate entry | 23,212 |
1804872 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20College%20of%20Surgeons%20in%20Ireland | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
programme for medicine in Ireland. Now defunct subjects taught include: Logic (1852–1862), Military Surgery (1851–1860), Botany (1792–1889) and Hygiene or Political Medicine (1841–1921, then united with chair of Medical Jurisprudence).
Since the 1980s Beaumont Hospital, Dublin has been the principal centre for medical training. Other affiliated hospitals include teaching hospitals such as Connolly Hospital, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, and St. Joseph's Hospital, Dublin, and there is now a group within the HSE hospital management structure, the RCSI Hospitals group.
## 21st century.
In 2010, Prof. Eilis McGovern became President of the RCSI and thereby the first female President of | 23,213 |
1804872 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20College%20of%20Surgeons%20in%20Ireland | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
any surgical Royal College in the world.
## Motto.
The RCSI motto, "Consilio Manuque" ("Scholarship and Dexterity"), was adopted from the College de St. Cosme in Paris, which had been afforded the motto by Louis XIV. It was originally "Consiloque Manuque", his personal motto.
# Academic structure.
## Undergraduate Faculties.
- School of Medicine (5 or 6-year programme, 4-year Graduate Entry Programme)
- School of Pharmacy
- School of Physiotherapy
## Postgraduate Schools & Faculties.
- School of Postgraduate Studies
- School of Nursing and Midwifery
- Faculty of Dentistry
- Faculty of Sports and Exercise Medicine
- Faculty of Radiologists
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery
- RCSI | 23,214 |
1804872 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20College%20of%20Surgeons%20in%20Ireland | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Institute of Leadership
# Values and admissions.
RCSI is a culturally diverse, international organisation with alumni present in almost every country in the world. It describes its values as innovation, excellence, independence, academic freedom, diversity, tolerance and community. It champions a patient-centric approach to all its activities and endeavours.
RCSI now offers undergraduate degrees in Medicine, Pharmacy and Physiotherapy and is the largest Irish medical school. Its primary purpose is the education and training of healthcare professionals and health sciences research. More than 3,800 students representing 60 nations are currently enrolled in its Medicine (1,800), Pharmacy (200) | 23,215 |
1804872 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20College%20of%20Surgeons%20in%20Ireland | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
and Physiotherapy (100) programmes. There are 17,000 RCSI alumni working as medical doctors or in allied disciplines around the world.
# Student life.
Students at RCSI are encouraged to participate in extracurricular activities that promote service in the community and cultural awareness. 80% of the student population is from outside the European Union, with a significant portion coming from North America, the Middle East and Asia. A complete list of current student societies and clubs can be found on the RCSI website.
The Students' Union (SU) is an annually elected body, consisting of 8 officers. The SU is the college's bridge between faculty and the student body and is invited to most meetings, | 23,216 |
1804872 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20College%20of%20Surgeons%20in%20Ireland | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
ensuring that student voices are heard on a variety of topics. The SU works closely with the Student Council, which consists of representatives from all classes at RCSI.
The Biological Society (BioSoc) is the official student society of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) and claims to be the oldest student medical society in the world.
# International aspects and operations.
As a leading international medical institution, RCSI is active in all medically related sectors of education around the globe. During the South African Apartheid, for example, RCSI provided medical education to those that were discriminated against. In 2005, RCSI Dubai was founded and currently offers a master's | 23,217 |
1804872 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20College%20of%20Surgeons%20in%20Ireland | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
programme in Healthcare Management.
In 2007 RCSI (Royal College of Surgeons Ireland) in conjunction with Valentia Technologies, the Dublin Fire Brigade (DFB), and the Pre Hospital Emergency Care Council (PHECC) launched unique training initiative with the Emergency Medical Services Dubai Training Institute. The aim is to better patient care and improve response times within Dubai's emergency ambulance services.
In Malaysia, RCSI, together with University College Dublin (UCD), owns a branch campus within George Town, the capital city of the State of Penang. Established in 1996, the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Dublin Malaysia Campus (RUMC), formerly known as the | 23,218 |
1804872 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20College%20of%20Surgeons%20in%20Ireland | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Penang Medical College, offers twinning programmes in which students typically spend the first half of their courses in either RCSI or UCD, before completing the courses back at RUMC. Meanwhile, the Perdana University Royal College of Surgeon in Ireland (PU-RCSI) in the State of Selangor was established in 2011. The programme hosts up to 100 students per year on its 5-year undergraduate medical programme, the first cohort graduated in 2016.
RCSI-Bahrain is a fully owned constituent university of RCSI and already has nearly 450 registered students. The first cohort commenced medical studies in October 2004 and graduates are entitled to a Degree of Bachelor of Medicine, NUI, Bachelor of Surgery, | 23,219 |
1804872 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20College%20of%20Surgeons%20in%20Ireland | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Bachelor of Obstetrics MB, BCh, BAO (NUI, RCSI) degree. In 2006 the Medical University of Bahrain established a new School of Nursing which took its first cohort of students in September 2006. Since 2009 students can also obtain the degrees conferred upon RCSI graduates from the National University of Ireland.
For students at the home institution of RCSI, options may be taken abroad as a result of collaborative agreements with other medical schools around the world. In 2007, these medical schools included Columbia University, University of Pennsylvania, and Tufts University. There are also informal agreements with other institutions such as the Johns Hopkins University and Mayo Clinic.
More | 23,220 |
1804872 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20College%20of%20Surgeons%20in%20Ireland | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
than 60 countries from each continent are represented in the RCSI student body.
# Notable alumni.
- Abraham Colles (1773 - 1843) – Professor of Anatomy; first person to characterise the injury that was later on known as Colles' fracture
- Sir William Wilde (1815 - 1876) – Surgeon, Author and father of Oscar Wilde
- Sir William Stokes (1838 - 1900) – knighted for his contribution in the field of surgery
- Emily Winifred Dickson (1866 – 1944) was the first woman Fellow of any Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland or Great Britain
- Surgeon Captain Thomas Joseph Crean VC DSO (1873 - 1923). He later achieved the rank of Major.
- Sir Ian Fraser (1901-1999) served as President of the College | 23,221 |
1804872 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20College%20of%20Surgeons%20in%20Ireland | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
and President of the British Medical Association. Introduced the widespread use of penicillin into military hospitals during the Second World War
- T.G. Wilson (1901 - 1969) - Surgeon, President of the RCSI (1958–61), author, founder of the Journal of the College (1963)
- Pat O'Callaghan (1906 - 1991) – Irish gold medallist at both the 1928 and 1932 Olympic Games.
- Victoria Coffey (1911 - 1999) - The first female to be awarded RCSI Distinguished Graduate Medal and one of the first female pediatrician who did significant work in Congenital Abnormalities.
- Major General Patrick Dignan (1920 - 2012) – Director of Army Surgery for the British Army between 1973 and 1978.
- Karl Mullen (1926 | 23,222 |
1804872 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20College%20of%20Surgeons%20in%20Ireland | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
- 2009) - Irish Rugby Union player and captain of the Grand Slam winning Irish team in 1948
- Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (1952 - ) – The first Malaysian to be awarded the MacNaughton-Jones gold medal for Obstetrics and Gynecology in 1977; Malaysia's first female Deputy Prime Minister (Starting May 2018), a politician and the first president of the Malaysian People's Justice Party.
- Ara Darzi, Baron Darzi of Denham (1960 - ) – Professor of Surgery, Imperial College London and British Minister of Health, who is at the forefront of minimally invasive surgery research
- Nada Haffadh (1960? - ) – became Bahrain's first female minister when she was appointed Minister of Health in 2004
- Felipe Contepomi | 23,223 |
1804872 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20College%20of%20Surgeons%20in%20Ireland | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
(1977 - ) – Former Argentina rugby union international.
- Ian Robertson (1980? - ) – Former star of the Dublin Gaelic football team
# See also.
- Faculty of Dentistry of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
- Irish College of Ophthalmologists
- List of presidents of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Dublin Malaysia Campus (RUMC)
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (PU-RCSI) School of Medicine
- RCSI Institute of Leadership
- Royal College of Physicians of Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons of England
# External links.
- RCSI Library collections
- e-publications@RCSI, the RCSI institutional | 23,224 |
1804872 | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20College%20of%20Surgeons%20in%20Ireland | Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Ireland
- Irish College of Ophthalmologists
- List of presidents of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Dublin Malaysia Campus (RUMC)
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (PU-RCSI) School of Medicine
- RCSI Institute of Leadership
- Royal College of Physicians of Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons of England
# External links.
- RCSI Library collections
- e-publications@RCSI, the RCSI institutional repository
- Beaumont Hospital
- RCSI Dubai
- RCSI Medical University of Bahrain
- RCSI Students' Union
- Penang Medical College
- RCSI Surgical Society
- RCSI Student Medical Journal (RCSIsmj) | 23,225 |
269880 | Blue Cliff Record | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blue%20Cliff%20Record | Blue Cliff Record
Blue Cliff Record
The Blue Cliff Record () is a collection of Chán (Zen) Buddhist koans originally compiled in China during the Song dynasty in 1125 (in the time of Emperor Huizong), and then expanded into its present form by the Chán master Yuanwu Keqin (1063–1135; "").
The book includes Yuanwu's annotations and commentary on "100 Verses on Old Cases" (), a compilation of 100 koans collected by Xuedou Chongxian (980–1052; , ""). Xuedou selected 82 of these from the "Transmission of the Lamp", with the remainder selected from the "Yunmen Guanglu" (, "Extensive Record of Yunmen Wenyan", 864–949).
# Later developments.
Yuanwu's successor, Dahui Zonggao (1089–1163), wrote many letters to lay | 23,226 |
269880 | Blue Cliff Record | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blue%20Cliff%20Record | Blue Cliff Record
students teaching the practice of concentrating on koans during meditation, but Dahui did not explain and analyze koans. Oral tradition holds that Dahui noticed students engaged in too much intellectual discourse on koans, and then burned the wooden blocks used to print the "Blue Cliff Record" to "rescue disciples from delusion".
The text was reconstituted only in the early 14th century by a layman, Zhang Mingyuan (, ""). One of Zhang's sons became ill during this time, and others believed that it was an omen meaning that Zhang should not have re-released the book. However, an elder named Feng Zizhen () comforted Zhang and encouraged him for his work.
# Dogen and Japan.
Another key legend | 23,227 |
269880 | Blue Cliff Record | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blue%20Cliff%20Record | Blue Cliff Record
regards Dogen Zenji (1200–1253), who brought the Soto Zen sect to Japan. After an extended visit to China for the purpose of studying Zen, on the night before his planned return to Japan, Dogen came across the "Blue Cliff Record" for the first time, and stayed up all night making a handwritten copy of the book. Given the size of the book, this story is most likely apocryphal; but Dogen is still credited with introducing the collection to Japan, where it had a wide circulation.
# Literary qualities.
The "Blue Cliff Record" was a subtle and literary text, with wide-ranging philosophical implications, as opposed for example to the more straightforward nature of "The Gateless Gate".
# Further | 23,228 |
269880 | Blue Cliff Record | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blue%20Cliff%20Record | Blue Cliff Record
ght making a handwritten copy of the book. Given the size of the book, this story is most likely apocryphal; but Dogen is still credited with introducing the collection to Japan, where it had a wide circulation.
# Literary qualities.
The "Blue Cliff Record" was a subtle and literary text, with wide-ranging philosophical implications, as opposed for example to the more straightforward nature of "The Gateless Gate".
# Further reading.
- Thomas Cleary and J. C. Cleary, trans. (1998). "The Blue Cliff Record"; BDK Amerika;
# External links.
- Another translation of the basic text (cases only)
- Chinese original
- Original Chinese text with embedded Chinese-English dictionary at NTI Reader | 23,229 |
269881 | Sign of Chaos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sign%20of%20Chaos | Sign of Chaos
Sign of Chaos
Sign of Chaos is a fantasy novel by American writer Roger Zelazny, published in 1987. It is the third novel in the second Chronicles of Amber series, and the eighth book overall in the Amber series. The title of this book mirrors that of "Sign of the Unicorn", the third book in the first Amber series.
# Plot summary.
Merlin realises that Wonderland, where he and Luke are trapped, is an LSD-induced hallucination made real by Luke's powers over shadow. As a Fire Angel (a vicious creature from Chaos) pursues them, he administers medicine to Luke. The Fire Angel is weakened in a fight with the Jabberwock and Merlin is able to finish it off with the vorpal sword. He leaves Luke to | 23,230 |
269881 | Sign of Chaos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sign%20of%20Chaos | Sign of Chaos
sober up.
He seeks his stepbrother Mandor, who thinks that their half-brother Jurt may be trying to kill Merlin in order to take the throne of Chaos. Fiona contacts them, and they investigate a shadow-storm. Merlin and Mandor return to Amber, and then along with Jasra they wrest the Keep of the Four worlds from Jurt and the sorcerer, Mask. They learn that Jurt has (at least partially) turned himself into a living Trump, as Brand did, and that the sorcerer Mask is in fact Merlin's ex-girlfriend Julia.
# References to other works.
While fleeing the Fire Angel, Merlin passes through a field of flowers whose scent is intoxicating. This is an allusion to "The Wizard of Oz".
"Old John", Random's | 23,231 |
269881 | Sign of Chaos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sign%20of%20Chaos | Sign of Chaos
that the sorcerer Mask is in fact Merlin's ex-girlfriend Julia.
# References to other works.
While fleeing the Fire Angel, Merlin passes through a field of flowers whose scent is intoxicating. This is an allusion to "The Wizard of Oz".
"Old John", Random's assassin whom Merlin encounters at Bloody Bill's, is a reference to the comic book character Grimjack.
When speaking with Nayda, Merlin remarks, "I'd like to meet the person who wrote the reports. There may be a great creative talent going to waste in a government office." Zelazny worked for several years for the Social Security Administration before quitting to write full-time.
# External links.
- Sign of Chaos at Worlds Without End | 23,232 |
269887 | Knight of Shadows | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Knight%20of%20Shadows | Knight of Shadows
Knight of Shadows
Knight of Shadows is a fantasy novel by American writer Roger Zelazny, published in November 1989. It is the ninth book in the Amber saga
Merlin continues to attempt to solve the mysteries in his life, in particular to understand why did Julia turn against him and how did she get involved with Jurt, who is raging against him a ruthless vendetta.
After being trapped in a strange world peopled with ghosts induced by the Pattern, Merlin discovers that he is involved in a superpower quarrel between Amber's Pattern and the Logrus of Chaos.
In this book, Merlin describes Corwin's voice as "the voice which had once told me a very long story containing multiple versions of an auto | 23,233 |
269887 | Knight of Shadows | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Knight%20of%20Shadows | Knight of Shadows
his life, in particular to understand why did Julia turn against him and how did she get involved with Jurt, who is raging against him a ruthless vendetta.
After being trapped in a strange world peopled with ghosts induced by the Pattern, Merlin discovers that he is involved in a superpower quarrel between Amber's Pattern and the Logrus of Chaos.
In this book, Merlin describes Corwin's voice as "the voice which had once told me a very long story containing multiple versions of an auto accident and a number of genealogical gaffes." The "genealogical gaffes" here refers to a number of inconsistencies in the first series (the Corwin Cycle) regarding the parentage of Corwin's various siblings. | 23,234 |
1804893 | Publius Valerius Publicola | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Publius%20Valerius%20Publicola | Publius Valerius Publicola
Publius Valerius Publicola
Publius Valerius Poplicola or Publicola (died 503 BC) was one of four Roman aristocrats who led the overthrow of the monarchy, and became a Roman consul, the colleague of Lucius Junius Brutus in 509 BC, traditionally considered the first year of the Roman Republic.
# Early life.
According to Livy and Plutarch, the Valerii were of Sabine origin, but settled in Rome during the reign of Titus Tatius, a contemporary of Romulus, and worked for the peaceful unification of both peoples.
Valerius came from a wealthy family. His father was Volesus Valerius, and his brothers were Marcus Valerius Volusus and Manius Valerius Volusus Maximus. He had a daughter, Valeria, and | 23,235 |
1804893 | Publius Valerius Publicola | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Publius%20Valerius%20Publicola | Publius Valerius Publicola
possibly a son or grandson who was also named Publius Valerius Poplicola who served as consul in 475 BC and 460 BC. Before holding public office, Valerius had spoken in defense of the plebs, the common people of Rome.
# The revolution.
In 509 BC, Valerius was one of the leaders of the Roman revolution, together with Lucius Junius Brutus, Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, and Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus. Winning over public opinion while the king was campaigning away from the city, they deposed and banished Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the seventh and last King of Rome. In place of the monarchy, they established a republic, together with the office of consul. Brutus and Collatinus were elected | 23,236 |
1804893 | Publius Valerius Publicola | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Publius%20Valerius%20Publicola | Publius Valerius Publicola
the first consuls.
From exile, the Tarquins plotted the assassination of the consuls, together with some disaffected members of the Aquillii and Vitellii, who had benefited from the deposed regime. Valerius was informed of the plot by a slave, Vindicius. He personally investigated the conspiracy, sneaking into the Aquillius estate and finding incriminating evidence, based on which the consuls held a public trial. The conspirators, including two of Brutus' sons, were found guilty and executed. Valerius played a leading role in the trial.
# Election as consul and battle of Silva Arsia.
After the trial, Brutus demanded that his colleague, Collatinus, resign the consulship and go into exile, | 23,237 |
1804893 | Publius Valerius Publicola | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Publius%20Valerius%20Publicola | Publius Valerius Publicola
as a member of the hated royal family, whom the people could not trust. Collatinus was stunned by this betrayal, as he had been one of the leaders of the rebellion following the death of his wife, Lucretia, at the hands of the king's son, Sextus Tarquinius. Nevertheless, he resigned, and Valerius was elected to replace him.
Meanwhile, Tarquin, whose family was of Etruscan origin, obtained the support of the Etruscan cities of Tarquinii and Veii. At the head of an Etruscan army, Tarquin fought the consuls Brutus and Valerius at the Battle of Silva Arsia. Valerius commanded the Roman infantry, while Brutus led the cavalry. Arruns Tarquinius, the king's son, died in combat with Brutus, who was | 23,238 |
1804893 | Publius Valerius Publicola | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Publius%20Valerius%20Publicola | Publius Valerius Publicola
also mortally wounded, but the Romans were ultimately victorious. Valerius collected the spoils of battle, and returned to Rome, where he celebrated a triumph on March 1, 509 BC. His four horse chariot subsequently became the traditional vehicle for a victorious Roman general. Then, Valerius held a magnificent funeral for Brutus, and gave a memorable speech.
Livy wrote that Valerius fought the Veientes again in the same year, although the reason is not stated.
# First consulship.
After the death of Brutus, Valerius was the sole surviving consul. Spurius Lucretius was chosen in place of Brutus, but he died after a few days, and was followed by Marcus Horatius Pulvillus. When Valerius began | 23,239 |
1804893 | Publius Valerius Publicola | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Publius%20Valerius%20Publicola | Publius Valerius Publicola
construction of a new house on top of the Velian Hill, which would be conspicuously visible from the Senate house, a rumor began to circulate that he intended to re-establish the monarchy, with himself as king. At once, Valerius stopped building, and demolished the structure in a single night. Addressing an assembly of the people, he caused his lictors to lower their fasces as a mark of humility, and to remove the axes from them within the city. "I have just liberated Rome, bravely, but now I am slandered, like being either an Aquillius or a Vitellian. I am the bitterest enemy of the former kings, so I shouldn't be accused of wanting to be king." In order to allay suspicions, he caused his house | 23,240 |
1804893 | Publius Valerius Publicola | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Publius%20Valerius%20Publicola | Publius Valerius Publicola
to be built at the foot of the hill, rather than its peak. In later times, the Temple of Victory stood in the same place.
For his actions and deference to the people of Rome, Valerius received the surname "Poplicola", meaning "one who courts the people". Before the impending elections, Valerius filled up the ranks of the Senate, which had been severely reduced as a result of the revolution and the subsequent war. The consul also promulgated new laws, including the right of appeal ("provocatio") from the decisions of a magistrate, and demanding the forfeiture of all the rights of anyone convicted of plotting to restore the monarchy.
# Four consulships.
Poplicola was elected consul three more | 23,241 |
1804893 | Publius Valerius Publicola | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Publius%20Valerius%20Publicola | Publius Valerius Publicola
times, in 508, 507, and 504 BC. Horatius was his colleague again in 507, while his colleague in 508 and 504 was Titus Lucretius Tricipitinus. He was the first consul ever to be reelected.
# War with Clusium.
In 508 BC, Lars Porsena, the king of Clusium, attacked Rome at the behest of Tarquin. According to Plutarch, both Poplicola and his colleague, Lucretius, were severely wounded during the battle. During the siege, Poplicola executed a successful sally, defeating a Clusian raiding party. According to Plutarch, Poplicola negotiated a treaty with Porsena, ending the war. He gave the king hostages, including his daughter Valeria, whom Porsena protected from the Tarquins.
# War with the Sabines.
In | 23,242 |
1804893 | Publius Valerius Publicola | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Publius%20Valerius%20Publicola | Publius Valerius Publicola
506, when his brother Marcus was consul, the Sabines attacked Rome. Poplicola participated in two Roman victories, repelling the invasion. The people rewarded Poplicola with a house on the Palatine Hill.
In 505, the Latin League and the Sabines threatened Rome with a large army. Although diplomatic negotiations were halted, Poplicola meddled with the politics of the Sabines, assisting Attius Clausus, who moved to Rome with five hundred followers. Clausus became a Roman citizen under the name of Appius Claudius; he was the founder of the Claudii. When the Sabines attempted to besiege Rome, Poplicola successfully commanded the army, anticipating their movements and thwarting their plans. He was | 23,243 |
1804893 | Publius Valerius Publicola | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Publius%20Valerius%20Publicola | Publius Valerius Publicola
elected consul for the fourth time in 504 BC, and once again defeated the Sabines. He celebrated a triumph in May of that year.
# Death.
Publius Valerius Poplicola died in 503 BC, shortly after passing the consular office to his successors, Agrippa Menenius Lanatus and Publius Postumius Tubertus. Livy records that at the time of his death, he was considered "by universal consent to be the ablest man in Rome, in the arts both of peace and war". He had little money, and so was buried at the public charge, and was mourned by the Roman matrons as had been done for Brutus before him.
By decree, each citizen contributed a quadrans for the funeral. The remains of Poplicola were buried within the | 23,244 |
1804893 | Publius Valerius Publicola | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Publius%20Valerius%20Publicola | Publius Valerius Publicola
city of Rome, on the Velian Hill. His death was mourned for an entire year. After Poplicola, many noted members of the Valerian gens were buried near the same spot.
# Lapis Satricanus.
In 1977 an inscription was discovered in the ruins of the ancient town of Satricum. The Lapis Satricanus dates from the late 6th to early 5th centuries BC and bears the name "Poplios Valesios", which would be rendered in Classical Latin as Publius Valerius. This is not does not prove the historicity of the narrative given by later Roman historians, but it does demonstrate that at least one prominent individual did indeed bear the name at the close of the 6th century.
# Legacy.
In "The Federalist Papers", a | 23,245 |
1804893 | Publius Valerius Publicola | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Publius%20Valerius%20Publicola | Publius Valerius Publicola
collection of 85 essays promoting the adoption of the United States Constitution, written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in 1787–1788, the three statesmen used the allonym "Publius" in honor of Poplicola's role in establishing the Roman Republic.
Following the Spanish–American War, a piece titled "The Duty of the American People as to the Philippines" was published under the pseudonym "Publicola". The author recommended the development of the Philippines to improve the lives of the Filipino people, as well as to further American trading interests in the Orient.
# See also.
- Lapis Satricanus
# External links.
- Plutarch, "The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans", | 23,246 |
1804893 | Publius Valerius Publicola | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Publius%20Valerius%20Publicola | Publius Valerius Publicola
mes Madison, and John Jay in 1787–1788, the three statesmen used the allonym "Publius" in honor of Poplicola's role in establishing the Roman Republic.
Following the Spanish–American War, a piece titled "The Duty of the American People as to the Philippines" was published under the pseudonym "Publicola". The author recommended the development of the Philippines to improve the lives of the Filipino people, as well as to further American trading interests in the Orient.
# See also.
- Lapis Satricanus
# External links.
- Plutarch, "The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans", paired with Solon, in "Poplicola"
- Biography of Poplicola, in About.com
- Livius.org: Publius Valerius Publicola | 23,247 |
269868 | Orlando Sanford International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orlando%20Sanford%20International%20Airport | Orlando Sanford International Airport
Orlando Sanford International Airport
Orlando Sanford International Airport is in Sanford, Florida, near Orlando. It was built as Naval Air Station Sanford, a Master Jet Base for carrier-based attack and reconnaissance aircraft until 1969. The airport is owned and operated by the Sanford Airport Authority.
Due to flight training, the airport is consistently in the top 30 busiest airports in the world in terms of total flight operations (takeoff and landings). It is the Orlando area's secondary commercial airport, but is farther away from downtown Orlando and the major theme parks (Walt Disney World, Universal Orlando Resort, and SeaWorld Orlando) than the primary airport, Orlando International | 23,248 |
269868 | Orlando Sanford International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orlando%20Sanford%20International%20Airport | Orlando Sanford International Airport
Airport (MCO/KMCO). Because of that affiliation, passenger traffic at Orlando Sanford International Airport was once dominated by European charter carrier service. Since 2008, however, a majority of its passenger traffic has been domestic; this is attributable to the entrance of Las Vegas-based Allegiant Air, for which Sanford is a focus city. Sanford was also a small focus city for the travel marketer Direct Air until the company's demise in 2012.
# History.
## Naval Air Station Sanford.
Orlando Sanford International Airport started life as Naval Air Station Sanford with the airport codes NRJ and KNRJ. Commissioned on November 3, 1942, the base initially concentrated on advanced land-based | 23,249 |
269868 | Orlando Sanford International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orlando%20Sanford%20International%20Airport | Orlando Sanford International Airport
patrol plane training. It was used by the U.S. Navy until it closed in 1969.
## Orlando Sanford International Airport.
The City of Sanford assumed control of the former NAS Sanford in 1969 and renamed the facility Sanford Airport, hiring the air station's recently retired Executive Officer, Commander J. S. "Red" Cleveland, USN (Ret.), as the first Airport Manager. The city concurrently established the Sanford Airport Authority. For the next twenty-five years, the airport was a general aviation facility and periodically hosted civilian/military air shows and static displays. Initially an uncontrolled airfield, the control tower was reactivated in the early 1970s as a non-FAA facility, employing | 23,250 |
269868 | Orlando Sanford International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orlando%20Sanford%20International%20Airport | Orlando Sanford International Airport
a number of retired enlisted Navy air traffic controllers who had served at NAS Sanford.
Additional name changes followed, to include Sanford Regional Airport, Central Florida Regional Airport, Orlando Sanford Regional Airport and the current Orlando Sanford International Airport. Through the 1980s and 1990s the oldest Navy buildings were demolished while those built in the 1950s and 1960s were renovated for civil use. New buildings and hangars were added.
OLF Osceola was transferred to the control of Seminole County, Florida but was never officially recommissioned as an active airfield. In the 1970s the former OLF began to be used by general aviation drug-smuggling aircraft as a transshipment | 23,251 |
269868 | Orlando Sanford International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orlando%20Sanford%20International%20Airport | Orlando Sanford International Airport
point. Following a major drug interdiction by local and federal law enforcement agencies, Seminole County placed large speed bumps at various intervals across the runway to deter future illegal use. By the 1980s the county began to use the site as a landfill and dump, demolishing the remaining runways.
In 1992 parts of the action film "Passenger 57", starring Wesley Snipes, were filmed at the then-Orlando Sanford Regional Airport, where it represented a small airport in Louisiana. Shortly after filming, a new control tower was built and air traffic control operations assumed by the FAA. The Navy control tower and the large Navy hangar to which it was attached were demolished.
In the mid-1990s | 23,252 |
269868 | Orlando Sanford International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orlando%20Sanford%20International%20Airport | Orlando Sanford International Airport
a new passenger terminal capable of accommodating jet airliners was built. Charter airlines catering to the heavy British tourist demographic that had previously been using Orlando International Airport were offered greatly reduced landing fees at Sanford, and therefore many carriers relocated their operations.
In 2010 Allegiant Air announced it was moving many flights to the larger and more centrally located Orlando International Airport in order to compete with AirTran Airways. Owing to passenger feedback, all flights have returned to Orlando Sanford.
In 2014 Thomas Cook Airlines moved back to the larger Orlando International Airport after almost a decade of serving Orlando Sanford with | 23,253 |
269868 | Orlando Sanford International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orlando%20Sanford%20International%20Airport | Orlando Sanford International Airport
the operations of Airtours, JMC Air & My Travel. Icelandair later moved to Orlando International Airport in 2015.
In March 2015, Monarch (UK) ceased all longhaul operations, therefore resulting in the termination of all flights to Sanford. This was completed to approach a budget-airline model within Europe, despite Monarch's many years of charter service. The service that was offered included an economy cabin, this ticket included in-flight meals and entertainment from the overhead screens, with premium economy featuring more legroom, seatback entertainment, baggage allowance and amenity kit. All services were operated using the Airbus A330 and served London Gatwick, Manchester and Glasgow | 23,254 |
269868 | Orlando Sanford International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orlando%20Sanford%20International%20Airport | Orlando Sanford International Airport
International.
From 2017, Thomson Airways will operate 9 UK routes, the most international routes from Sanford and the airline also now operates long haul flights from the most UK airports. Thomson's new airport is Bristol.
The airport is home to L3 Harris Airline Academy, which underwent several company changes and several name changes. The Academy is formerly known as L3 Commercial Training Solutions, formerly known as Aerosim Flight Academy, formerly Delta Connection Academy, a subsidiary of Delta Air Lines, which provides flight training for prospective regional airline and international pilots. The Seminole County Sheriff's Office has a hangar and support facility for aviation elements | 23,255 |
269868 | Orlando Sanford International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orlando%20Sanford%20International%20Airport | Orlando Sanford International Airport
of the agency's Special Operations Division.
# Facilities.
The airport covers 3,000 acres (1,214 ha) and has four runways:
- Runway 9L/27R: 11,002 x 150 ft. (3,353 x 46 m) Asphalt
- Runway 9C/27C: 3,578 x 75 ft. (1,091 x 23 m) Asphalt
- Runway 9R/27L: 5,839 x 75 ft. (1,780 x 23 m) Asphalt
- Runway 18/36: 6,002 x 150 ft. (1,829 x 46 m) Asphalt/Concrete
The dominant runway is 9L/27R. This was built from the naval air station's original Runway 9/27, which was x with overruns of and . A project to extended runway 9L/27R by to was completed on April 1, 2013. Parallel Runways 9C/27C and 9R/27L were built later, the former on a previous taxiway and the latter all-new, for small aircraft. The | 23,256 |
269868 | Orlando Sanford International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orlando%20Sanford%20International%20Airport | Orlando Sanford International Airport
airport also has Runway 18/36, another Navy runway, for rare northerly fronts in the winter, but this 6000-ft runway is rarely used by airliners.
In August 2017, there were 350 aircraft based at this airport: 223 single-engine, 58 multi-engine, 57 jet and 12 helicopter.
# Accidents and incidents.
- Numerous aircraft mishaps occurred during the World War II years, but detailed data are not readily available.
- On March 29, 2007, Allegiant Air Flight 758, a McDonnell Douglas MD-80 aircraft that took off from Pease International Airport in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, experienced a hydraulic failure that prevented the nose landing gear from deploying. The plane made a safe landing at Orlando | 23,257 |
269868 | Orlando Sanford International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orlando%20Sanford%20International%20Airport | Orlando Sanford International Airport
Sanford International Airport, with only one minor injury sustained in the aircraft evacuation.
- On July 10, 2007, a Cessna 310, originating from Daytona Beach International Airport, Florida, en route to Lakeland Linder International Airport, Florida, crashed into two homes in Sanford, Florida, killing five people: the pilot, his passenger, and three people inside the houses. The pilot reported smoke in the cockpit and attempted an emergency landing at nearby Orlando Sanford International Airport. NASCAR said the pilot of the plane was Michael Klemm, a senior captain with NASCAR Aviation. His passenger was Dr. Bruce Kennedy, husband of International Speedway Corporation president Lesa France | 23,258 |
269868 | Orlando Sanford International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orlando%20Sanford%20International%20Airport | Orlando Sanford International Airport
Kennedy, the daughter of the longtime head of NASCAR Bill France, Jr., who had died a month earlier in June 2007. They were the only two people on the plane, according to both NASCAR and the NTSB. Four people also were injured, three of whom were critically burned, authorities said. The NTSB factual report dated December 2007 indicates that the accident was caused by an electrical malfunction, including smoke in the cockpit, that occurred on the previous flight and that was not rectified prior to the accident flight, resulting in the subsequent fire. The accident pilot was informed about the known problem prior to flight but elected to fly the aircraft regardless.
- On October 8, 2010, Allegiant | 23,259 |
269868 | Orlando Sanford International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orlando%20Sanford%20International%20Airport | Orlando Sanford International Airport
ckpit, that occurred on the previous flight and that was not rectified prior to the accident flight, resulting in the subsequent fire. The accident pilot was informed about the known problem prior to flight but elected to fly the aircraft regardless.
- On October 8, 2010, Allegiant Air Flight 700, a McDonnell Douglas MD-80, caught fire in the right engine shortly after departing the gate at Orlando Sanford International Airport. The fire was quickly extinguished, and the passengers safely exited the plane with no injuries being reported. The flight was scheduled to depart for Roanoke Regional Airport in Roanoke, Virginia, at 7 a.m.
# External links.
- Orlando Sanford International Airport | 23,260 |
269860 | Carl Mays | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl%20Mays | Carl Mays
Carl Mays
Carl William Mays (November 12, 1891 – April 4, 1971) was a right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1915 to 1929. Although he won over 200 games, 27 in 1921 alone, and was a member of four world championship teams, Mays is primarily remembered for throwing the beanball that killed Ray Chapman of the Cleveland Indians on August 16, 1920. Chapman became the only Major League player to die as a direct result of an on-field injury.
# Playing career.
According to his World War I draft card, Carl William Mays was born November 12, 1891, in Atterson, Kentucky, one of five sons born to Callie Louisa Mays and William Henry Mays. His father was a Methodist minister, and was responsible | 23,261 |
269860 | Carl Mays | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl%20Mays | Carl Mays
for his strict religious upbringing. When Mays was 12, his father died and his mother moved the family to Kingfisher, Oklahoma to live near her sister-in-law. Mays internalized his grief, settling into a surly persona with few if any close friends. His best personal support group was a couple named Pierce and Genevieve Mays, who were relatives, and served as a surrogate uncle and aunt. As a professional baseball player, he had few friends in the baseball world. In part because of his strict Methodist upbringing, Mays refused to pitch on Sundays, as did legendary pitcher Christy Mathewson.
Mays quit high school before graduating and began to earn a living as a baseball player on semi-pro teams | 23,262 |
269860 | Carl Mays | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl%20Mays | Carl Mays
in Oklahoma, Kansas, and Utah. In 1912, he entered the minor leagues as a member of the Boise, Idaho team in the Class D Western Tri-State League. After a season in Boise, in 1913 Mays played one season for the Portland, Oregon team in the Class A Northwest League. In 1914, Mays was drafted by the Triple-A International League's Providence Grays. The Grays were an affiliate of the Detroit Tigers, and the Tigers sold his contract to the Boston Red Sox.
In one version of the story, Mays learned his underhand style of pitching from Dizzy Dismukes, a pitcher in Negro league baseball. In another, he was taught the technique by Joe McGinnity when McGinnity coached the Tacoma team during Mays's stint | 23,263 |
269860 | Carl Mays | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl%20Mays | Carl Mays
with Portland. Wherever he learned to pitch underhanded, he was successful; Mays was nicknamed "Sub", a reference to his submarine pitching motion, and he was known to throw a spitball. The pitch was legal at the time of the Chapman incident, but Chapman's death was partly responsible for its ban in Major League Baseball. Mays was also known for a habit of throwing inside to any batter who hugged the plate; despite a stellar win/loss record, he was typically among the American League leaders in hit batsmen. Mays was also regarded as an exceptional fielder, and was capable enough with the bat that he was often used as a pinch-hitter.
In his rookie season of 1915, Mays appeared in 34 games for | 23,264 |
269860 | Carl Mays | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl%20Mays | Carl Mays
the Red Sox. Used mostly in relief, he won 6 games and lost 5. During the regular season, Mays was involved in a heated confrontation with Ty Cobb of the Tigers. Mays threw near Cobb each time he came to bat. In the eighth inning, after another close pitch, Cobb threw his bat in Mays' direction, calling him a "no good son of a bitch." Mays responded by calling Cobb a "yellow dog." After order was restored, Mays hit Cobb directly on the wrist. The Tigers won the game 6–1 and the incident cemented Mays' reputation as a head hunter. The Red Sox won that year's World Series by defeating the Philadelphia Phillies in five games, but Mays did not play.
In 1916, Mays appeared in 44 games, and started | 23,265 |
269860 | Carl Mays | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl%20Mays | Carl Mays
24. 18 of his starts were complete games, and he posted a record of 18 wins and 13 losses, with an earned run average of 2.39. In the 1916 World Series, Mays was the losing pitcher in game 3, but the Red Sox defeated the Brooklyn Robins 4 games to 1. In 1917, The Red Sox posted a second place finish. Mays pitched in 35 games, and his record was 22 wins and 9 losses, with an ERA of 1.74. Mays went 22-13 in the 1918 season, with an ERA of 2.21. The Red Sox returned to the World Series, and defeated the Chicago Cubs in 6 games. Mays was the winning pitcher in games 3 and 6, both by scores of 2-1.
Mays married for the first time shortly after the end of the 1918 season. After a brief honeymoon | 23,266 |
269860 | Carl Mays | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl%20Mays | Carl Mays
in Missouri, he departed by train from his home in Mansfield for St. Louis as the leader of a group of 18 men who had enlisted in the United States Army for World War I. They were sworn in on November 6, five days before the Armistice that ended that war. Influenza broke out while Mays was stationed at Washington University in St. Louis as a member of the Student Army Training Corps's vocational training unit, and several individuals from his train trip died during the outbreak. The Armistice ended the need to expand the Army, and Mays was discharged in time to begin the 1919 baseball season.
Though he was by now established as one of the game's premier pitchers, Mays began the 1919 season | 23,267 |
269860 | Carl Mays | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl%20Mays | Carl Mays
with a record of 5 wins and 11 losses. His slow start resulted in the Red Sox trading him to the New York Yankees that July. Mays went 9-3 after the trade, resulting in a combined 1919 record of 14-14. Mays regained his form in 1920. The Yankees finished in third place, but posted a record of 95 wins and 59 losses, only three games out of first place. Mays went 26-11, including 26 complete games.
# Death of Ray Chapman.
The Yankees were trailing the Indians when Ray Chapman came to the plate in the fifth inning on August 16, 1920. Mays was pursuing his 100th career win that day. Chapman had a sacrifice bunt in the first inning and popped up to Yankee first baseman Wally Pipp in the third. | 23,268 |
269860 | Carl Mays | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl%20Mays | Carl Mays
Angered that Chapman was crowding the plate, Mays let loose with a high fastball that he claimed was in the strike zone but that Chapman apparently never saw. The impact of the ball striking Chapman in the head was so loud that Mays, thinking it had hit Chapman's bat and was in play, caught the ball as it bounced onto the field and threw it to Pipp at first base. Chapman, trying to take his base after the hit by pitch, fell to the ground twice and was unable to get up. Cleveland teammate Tris Speaker raced from the on deck circle to check on Chapman. He was joined by several players from the Indians and Yankees. Mays, however, never left the mound.
Chapman was taken to a hospital, where surgeons | 23,269 |
269860 | Carl Mays | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl%20Mays | Carl Mays
operated and discovered a skull fracture. He initially seemed to rally after the surgery but died early in the morning on the following day. Mays stayed in the game and continued to pitch until being replaced in the ninth inning. Cleveland won the game 4-3. The New York District Attorney determined that the incident was an accident, and no charges were filed.
In an interview three months after Chapman's death, Mays expressed regret for the outcome, but stated that he did not feel any guilt because he had not hit Chapman on purpose.
# Later career.
Mays enjoyed his best season in 1921, when he led the American League in wins (27), innings pitched (336.2), games pitched (49), and winning percentage | 23,270 |
269860 | Carl Mays | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl%20Mays | Carl Mays
(.750). However, that same season Mays, pitching then for the Yankees, played in a World Series that others later accused him of helping to throw, bringing back memories of the Black Sox scandal from just two years prior. These rumors were never proven, but they persisted long enough that, combined with an already negative reputation among other players both from the Chapman incident and from having a personality that few found agreeable, he was never elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame despite having lifetime statistics comparable to some other pitchers who were.
In a 15-year career with the Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees, Cincinnati Reds, and New York Giants, Mays compiled a 207–126 record | 23,271 |
269860 | Carl Mays | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl%20Mays | Carl Mays
with 29 shutouts, 862 strikeouts and a 2.92 earned run average when the league average was 3.48. He won twenty or more games five times. He was also noted for his skills with a bat, hitting five home runs, recording 110 runs batted in, and sporting a lifetime .268 batting average—an unusually high mark for a pitcher. Mays is the only Red Sox pitcher to toss two nine-inning complete game victories on the same day, as he bested the Philadelphia Athletics 12–0 and 4–1 on August 30, 1918. Those wins put the Red Sox one step from clinching the league championship, as they led Cleveland by 3 1/2 games with 4 remaining to play.
# Later years.
After his playing career, Mays was the owner and operator | 23,272 |
269860 | Carl Mays | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl%20Mays | Carl Mays
of a baseball school in Oregon; among his most notable attendees was Johnny Pesky. Mays also worked as a scout for the Cleveland Indians, Milwaukee and Atlanta Braves, and Kansas City Royals. In addition, his stepson, Jerry Bartow, coached baseball at Hoover High School in San Diego, and each spring Mays made the trip from Oregon to volunteer as a mentor and assistant coach. In an interview, Mays said he especially enjoyed working with young pitchers, but that he regarded his most important task as teaching members of the team how to play the game safely.
He died in El Cajon, California and is buried in River View Cemetery, Portland, Oregon (Sec. 13, Lot 49, Sp. 7). His distant cousin, Joe | 23,273 |
269860 | Carl Mays | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl%20Mays | Carl Mays
Mays, was a Major League pitcher from 1999 to 2006.
# Family.
After the 1918 World Series, Mays married Marjorie Fredricka Madden, a graduate of the New England Conservatory of Music whom he had met during his rookie season. They were the parents of two children, Carl Jr. (1925-2017) and Elizabeth (Betty). He was survived by his second wife, Esther Ugstead (1907-1990).
# Legacy.
In August 2008, Mays was one of the ten former players who began their careers before 1943 to be considered by the Veterans Committee for induction into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2009. He was named on only about 25 percent of the ballots, so he was not selected for induction.
# Further reading.
The | 23,274 |
269860 | Carl Mays | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl%20Mays | Carl Mays
book "The Pitch That Killed", by Mike Sowell, is a history of the Chapman-Mays events.
The historical novel, "The Curse of Carl Mays", by Howard Camerik, also recounts the history of the incident.
The children's book, "Ray and Me" by Dan Gutman, tells of Joe Stoshack and his journey to save Ray's life from Mays' "killer" pitch.
The book "1921: The Yankees, the Giants, and the Battle for Baseball Supremacy in New York" by Lyle Spatz, Steve Steinberg, Charles C. Alexander, takes a look at how Mays had social problems with his teammates and how that actually led him to be sold to the Yankees from the Red Sox.
# See also.
- Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, 2009
- List of Major League Baseball | 23,275 |
269860 | Carl Mays | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl%20Mays | Carl Mays
, and the Battle for Baseball Supremacy in New York" by Lyle Spatz, Steve Steinberg, Charles C. Alexander, takes a look at how Mays had social problems with his teammates and how that actually led him to be sold to the Yankees from the Red Sox.
# See also.
- Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, 2009
- List of Major League Baseball career wins leaders
- List of Major League Baseball annual saves leaders
- List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders
- List of Major League Baseball career hit batsmen leaders
# External links.
- The Death of Ray Chapman – "NY Times", 18 August 1920
- Trouble Followed Storm-Center Mays; Sore Arm Made Him Pitch Underhand, by Harry Grayson, June 16, 1943 | 23,276 |
269893 | Prince of Chaos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prince%20of%20Chaos | Prince of Chaos
Prince of Chaos
Prince of Chaos is a fantasy novel by American writer Roger Zelazny, the final book in the Chronicles of Amber series.
# Plot summary.
Merlin finds himself summoned back to the land where he was raised, the Courts of Chaos. He finds himself enmeshed in political intrigues and schemes, and himself much closer to the crown than he believed possible, or wants. He encounters a variety of old acquaintances, and finds himself fighting with both his wits and his magic to avoid the snares laid for him, to help his friends, and to discover his father's fate. | 23,277 |
269904 | Pangasinan (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pangasinan%20(disambiguation) | Pangasinan (disambiguation)
Pangasinan (disambiguation)
Pangasinan or "Pangasinense" may refer to:
- Pangasinan, one of the provinces of the Philippines, on the island of Luzon
- Pangasinan people, one of the indigenous peoples of the Philippines
- Pangasinan language, a Malayo-Polynesian language
- Pangasinan literature
- Pangasinan Island in the Sulu Archipelago, Philippines | 23,278 |
269901 | Luo Guanzhong | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luo%20Guanzhong | Luo Guanzhong
Luo Guanzhong
Luo Ben (c. 1330–1400, or c.1280–1360), better known by his courtesy name Guanzhong (), was a Chinese writer who lived during the Ming Dynasty. He was also known by his pseudonym Huhai Sanren (). Luo was attributed with writing "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and editing "Water Margin", the first two of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature.
# Identity.
The location and date of Luo's birth are controversial. One possibility was that he was from Taiyuan, and lived in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty by the record of his contemporary, the playwright Jia Zhongming (賈仲明), who said that he had met him in 1364. Another possibility was that he was born in | 23,279 |
269901 | Luo Guanzhong | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luo%20Guanzhong | Luo Guanzhong
Dongyuan, the province of Shandong, in about 1280 – 1360. Literary historians suggest other possibilities for his home, also including Hangzhou and Jiangnan.
According to Meng Fanren (孟繁仁), Luo can be identified in the pedigree of the Luo family, and Taiyuan is most likely his hometown. But, his name is not in this pedigree, and some people believe that pedigree of the Luo Family can't prove that Luo is the author of Three Kingdoms. Some people doubt that If Luo came from Taiyuan, why he had intimate knowledge of people life in Shandong, and he had taken all his time and energy to write them not those people in Taiyuan, Shanxi. Some people believe that the source of Taiyuan statement, which | 23,280 |
269901 | Luo Guanzhong | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luo%20Guanzhong | Luo Guanzhong
was written by Jia Zhongming (賈仲明), is most likely wrong in handwritten copy. According to the recent research, there were two Luo Guanzhong (陈辽，Chen Liao), one is Drama artist who came from Taiyuan, another is author of Three Kingdoms who came from Dongping.
Recent research has suggested that his date of birth was between 1315-1318. But other sources state it was nearer to 1330.
# Works.
The stories forming the bulk of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Water Margin" are thought to have been developed by many independent storytellers. Shi Nai'an is thought to be the first to assemble "Water Margin" into a unified work, and Luo subsequently brought it to the current form of 100 chapters. | 23,281 |
269901 | Luo Guanzhong | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luo%20Guanzhong | Luo Guanzhong
Luo is usually considered the author of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".
"The Three Sui Quash the Demons' Revolt" (平妖傳) is a shenmo fantasy story attributed to Luo with 20 chapters, developed from the original pieces of storytelling based on a rebellion at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, and later expanded by Feng Menglong (馮夢龍) into 40 chapters. "Can Tang Wudai Shi Yanzhuan" (殘唐五代史演義傳) is a chronicle of the end of the Tang Dynasty and the following Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, a compilation of storytelling pieces based on the rebellion of Zhu Wen.
# Bibliography.
- "Can Tang Wudai Shi Yanzhuan" (残唐五代史演義, "The End of Tang Dynasty and the Period of the Five Dynasties")
- | 23,282 |
269901 | Luo Guanzhong | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luo%20Guanzhong | Luo Guanzhong
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, a compilation of storytelling pieces based on the rebellion of Zhu Wen.
# Bibliography.
- "Can Tang Wudai Shi Yanzhuan" (残唐五代史演義, "The End of Tang Dynasty and the Period of the Five Dynasties")
- "Fenzhuang Lou" (粉妝樓, "Cosmetical Building")
- "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"
- "Sui Tang Zhizhuan" (隋唐志傳)
- "Sui Tang Liangchao Zhizhuan" (隋唐兩朝志傳, "The Chronicle of the Sui and Tang Dynasties)
- "The Three Sui Quash the Demons' Revolt" (attributed)
- "Water Margin" (editing)
# References.
- A record of a conference on "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" in China in 1999
# External links.
- Andrew West, The Textual History of Sanguo Yanyi - Authorship | 23,283 |
269888 | Ilocos Norte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilocos%20Norte | Ilocos Norte
Ilocos Norte
Ilocos Norte () is a province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region. Its capital is Laoag City, located in the northwest corner of Luzón Island, bordering Cagayan and Apayao to the east, and Abra to the southeast, and Ilocos Sur to the southwest. Ilocos Norte faces the West Philippine Sea to the west and the Luzon Strait to the north.
Ilocos Norte is noted for being the birthplace of the former President Ferdinand E. Marcos. Ilocos Norte is also known as a northern tourist destination, being the location of Fort Ilocandia, an upper class hotel and beach resort famous among expatriates, and Pagudpud.
# History.
Long before the arrival of the Spaniards, there already | 23,284 |
269888 | Ilocos Norte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilocos%20Norte | Ilocos Norte
existed an extensive region (consisting of the present provinces of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Abra and La Union) renowned for its gold mines. Merchants from Japan and China would often visit the area to trade gold with beads, ceramics and silk. The Austronesian inhabitants of the region called their place "samtoy", from "sao mi toy", which literally meant "our language here"
In 1571, when the Spanish conquistadors had Manila more or less under their control, they began looking for new sites to conquer. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi's grandson, Juan de Salcedo, volunteered to lead one of these expeditions. Together with 8 armed boats and 45 men, the 22-year-old voyager headed north. On June 13, 1572, | 23,285 |
269888 | Ilocos Norte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilocos%20Norte | Ilocos Norte
Salcedo and his men landed in present-day Vigan and then proceeded towards Laoag, Currimao and Badoc. As they sailed along the coast, they were surprised to see numerous sheltered coves ("looc") where the locals lived in harmony. As a result, they named the region "Ylocos" and its people "Ylocanos".
As the Christianization of the region grew, so did the landscape of the area. Vast tracts of land were utilized for churches and bell towers in line with the Spanish mission of "bajo las campanas". In the town plaza, it was not uncommon to see garrisons under the church bells. The colonization process was slowly being carried out.
The Spanish colonization of the region, however, was never completely | 23,286 |
269888 | Ilocos Norte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilocos%20Norte | Ilocos Norte
successful. Owing to the abusive practices of many Augustinian friars, a number of Ilocanos revolted. Noteworthy of these were the Dingras uprising (1589) and Pedro Almasan revolt (San Nicolas, 1660). In 1762, Diego Silang led a series of battles aimed at freeing the Ilocano. When he died from his compatriot's bullet, his widow Gabriela continued his cause. However, she too was captured and hanged.
In 1807, the sugar cane ("basi") brewers of Piddig rose up in arms to protest the government's monopoly of the wine industry. In 1898, the church excommunicated Gregorio Aglipay for refusing to cut off ties with the revolutionary forces of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo. Unperturbed, he established the "Iglesia | 23,287 |
269888 | Ilocos Norte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilocos%20Norte | Ilocos Norte
Filipina Independiente". Aglipay’s movement.
In an effort to gain more political control and because of the increasing population of the region, a Royal Decree was signed on February 2, 1818 splitting Ilocos into two provinces: Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur. Soon thereafter, La Union and Abra likewise became independent provinces.
# Geography.
Ilocos Norte covers a total area of occupying the northern tip of the Ilocos Region in Luzon. The province is bordered by Cagayan to the extreme northeast, Apayao to the east, and Abra to the southeast, Ilocos Sur to the southwest, the South China Sea to the west, and the Luzon Strait to the north.
## Administrative divisions.
Ilocos Norte comprises | 23,288 |
269888 | Ilocos Norte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilocos%20Norte | Ilocos Norte
21 municipalities and 2 component cities, further subdivided into 559 barangays. There are two legislative districts in the province.
## Barangays.
Ilocos Norte has 557 barangays comprising its 21 municipalities and 2 cities.
The most populous barangay in the province is Barangay No. 1, San Lorenzo "(Poblacion)" in the City of Laoag with a population of 4,391 in the 2010 census. If cities are excluded, Davila in the municipality of Pasuquin has the highest population, at 3,900. The least populous is Sapat in the municipality of Pasuquin, with only 32.
# Demographics.
The population of Ilocos Norte in the was people, with a density of .
## Religion.
Roman Catholicism and the Aglipayan | 23,289 |
269888 | Ilocos Norte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilocos%20Norte | Ilocos Norte
Church are the two major religions in the province.
Among the major Roman Catholic churches in Ilocos Norte include:
- Paoay Church — named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993.
- St. William's Cathedral in Laoag — known for its Sinking Bell Tower
- Santa Monica Church in Sarrat — documented to be the biggest church in the Ilocos Region.
- Bacarra Church — destroyed during an intensity VII (on the Rossi-Forel scale) earthquake on August 17, 1983, reconstructed and re-inaugurated in 1984.
Ilocos Norte is the home of the Aglipay Shrine (Aglipayan Church) where the church's first supreme leader was buried. There are also increasing members of Jehovah's Witnesses. There are also minor but | 23,290 |
269888 | Ilocos Norte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilocos%20Norte | Ilocos Norte
steadily increasing members of Iglesia ni Cristo. Islam is also practiced by Mindanaoan traders and immigrants.
## Languages.
Aside from the national language and English, there are three indigenous languages in Ilocos Norte. There are the dominant "Ilokano language", the "Isnag language" of the east, and the "Faire Atta language" in Currimao.
The "Faire Atta language" is listed as one of the 15 endangered languages of the Philippines according to the UNESCO "Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages". The Faire Atta language is listed as "Severely Endangered", with less than 300 speakers remaining. All remaining speakers of the language are part of the community's elders. Without a municipality-wide | 23,291 |
269888 | Ilocos Norte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilocos%20Norte | Ilocos Norte
teaching mechanism of the Faire Atta language for the youth, the language may be extinct within 3-5 decades, making it a language in grave peril unless a teaching-mechanism is established by either the government or an educational institution in Currimao and nearby municipalities.
# Economy.
The province specializes in the following products and industries:
- Agriculture — rice, corn, garlic, legumes, root crops, tobacco, and other fruits and vegetables
- Fishery — tilapia and assorted fishes
- Livestock — swine and cattle
- Cottage industries — loom weaving, furniture, ceramics, iron works
- Manufacturing and food processing — salt, empanada, bagoong, patis, basi (native Ilocano wine), | 23,292 |
269888 | Ilocos Norte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilocos%20Norte | Ilocos Norte
and cattle
- Cottage industries — loom weaving, furniture, ceramics, iron works
- Manufacturing and food processing — salt, empanada, bagoong, patis, basi (native Ilocano wine), vinegar, longganisa, chicharon, bagnet, chichacorn (cornick), jewelry, garments, cereal processing, packaging, mechanized processing equipment
- Wind Power — Ilocos Norte's position on the northwest corner of Luzon makes it ideal for wind power generation. There is currently a 25 Megawatt wind farm in Ilocos Norte, and several more wind energy projects are being planned
- Tourism
- Pottery
# Provincial Government.
Term of Office: June 30, 2019 - June 30, 2022
# External links.
- Ilocos Norte Official Website | 23,293 |
269897 | La Union | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Union | La Union
La Union
La Union is a province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region in the island of Luzon. Its capital is the city of San Fernando, which also serves as the regional center of the whole Ilocos Region.
The province is bordered by Ilocos Sur to the north, Benguet to the east, Pangasinan to the south and to the west by the shores of the South China Sea (West Philippine Sea).
# History.
"La Unión", "The Union" in English, was formed in 1850 when the Spanish colonial government of Governor-General Antonio Maria Blanco merged the three southern towns of Ilocos Sur province, the nine northern towns of Pangasinan, and the western towns of Benguet to the east (Eastern Pais del Igorotes | 23,294 |
269897 | La Union | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Union | La Union
in the Cordilleras). Pangasinans were the majority in the new province because most towns had been in the province of Pangasinan.
On October 29, 1849, Governor General Claveria issued a "promovido" to fuse the Pangasinan-Ilocos-Cordillera areas into "La Union". On March 2, 1850, Governor General Antonio Maria Blanco signed the Superior Decreto of La Union (34th province from Cebu-1565), with Captain Toribio Ruiz de la Escalera as the first Gobernador Military y Politico. Isabella II of Spain decreed the province's creation on April 18, 1854. In 1661, Andres Malong (Pangasinan) failed to recover La Union from the Spaniards after the Battle of Agoo.
In 1896, the people of La Union began a revolt | 23,295 |
269897 | La Union | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Union | La Union
against the Spaniards, who had called La Union ""Una Provincia Modelo"" ("A Model Province"), led by Manuel Tinio Y Bondoc under Emilio Aguinaldo. The Americans collaborated with the Filipinos to end the Spanish.
Dr. Lucino Almeida became the Presidente Provincial of the American regime, followed by the appointment of La Union's first civil governor in 1901, Don Joaquin Joaquino Ortega.
On January 4, 1945, La Union was liberated by the Battle of San Fernando and Bacsil Ridge.
# Geography.
La Union covers a total area of occupying the centralsouthern section of the Ilocos Region in Luzon. The province is bordered by Ilocos Sur to the north, Benguet to the east, Pangasinan to the south, and | 23,296 |
269897 | La Union | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Union | La Union
to the west by the South China Sea.
La Union is north of Metro Manila and northwest of Baguio City. The land area of the province is .
Like most of the Ilocos Region, the province is squeezed in by the Cordillera mountain range to the east and the South China Sea to the west. Yet, unlike other portions of Luzon and the Philippines' two other island groupings, the Visayas and Mindanao, La Union experiences a rather arid and prolonged dry season with little precipitation to be expected between the months of November and May.
## Administrative divisions.
La Union comprises 19 municipalities and 1 component city, all of which are organized into two legislative districts.
## Barangays.
La Union | 23,297 |
269897 | La Union | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Union | La Union
has a total of 576 barangays comprising its 19 municipalities and 1 city.
The most populous barangay in the province is Sevilla in the City of San Fernando with a population of 10,612 in the 2010 census. If cities are excluded, Central East "(Poblacion)" in the municipality of Bauang has the highest number of inhabitants, at 4,249. Caggao in Bangar has the lowest with only 170.
# Demographics.
The population of La Union in the was people, with a density of .
The province is predominantly Ilocano (over 90% based on recent census data) and Roman Catholic. Communities of Pangasinans thrive mostly in the southwestern portion of the province while Cordillerans live in the Cordillera foothills. | 23,298 |
269897 | La Union | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Union | La Union
In September 2012, the province of La Union passed an ordinance recognizing Ilocano (Iloko) as an official provincial language alongside Filipino and English, as national and official languages of the Philippines, respectively.
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority report in 2012, the province has the longest life expectancy in the country at 78.3 years.
# Economy.
La Union is known for its softbroom and tourism industry. The economy is diversified with service, manufacturing, and agricultural industries spread throughout the province. The Port of San Fernando operates as an increasingly active shipping point, and the former American airbase Wallace Air Station, having been converted | 23,299 |
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