wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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1055577 | Black Hole Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black%20Hole%20Sun | Black Hole Sun
Ben Shepherd, Thayil) – 7:19
- Recorded live on August 11, 1993 at Rushmore Plaza Civic Center in Rapid City, South Dakota.
- 3. "My Wave" (live) (Cornell, Thayil) – 4:34
- Recorded live on August 20, 1993 at Jones Beach Amphitheater in Wantagh, New York.
- 4. "Spoonman" (Steve Fisk remix) – 6:55
... | 26,300 |
1055577 | Black Hole Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black%20Hole%20Sun | Black Hole Sun
Hole Sun" – 5:18
- 2. "Jesus Christ Pose" (live) (Cameron, Cornell, Shepherd, Thayil) – 7:19
- 3. "Beyond the Wheel" (live) – 5:54
- Recorded live on August 18, 1993 at Exhibition Stadium in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Promotional CD (US)
- 1. "Black Hole Sun" – 5:18
- 2. "Beyond the Wheel" (live... | 26,301 |
1055577 | Black Hole Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black%20Hole%20Sun | Black Hole Sun
on August 18, 1993 at Exhibition Stadium in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Promotional 12" vinyl (France)
- 1. "Black Hole Sun" – 5:18
Jukebox 7" vinyl (US)
- 1. "Black Hole Sun" – 5:18
- 2. "Spoonman" – 4:06
# Cover versions.
"Black Hole Sun" has been covered by numerous artists.
- Possibly the fi... | 26,302 |
1055577 | Black Hole Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black%20Hole%20Sun | Black Hole Sun
was included in Lounge-A-Palooza, a compilation album by Hollywood Records
- In 2002, Bob Rivers wrote a parody called "Ass Hole Son".
- Peter Frampton covered the song on his 2006 instrumental album "Fingerprints", joined on the track by Pearl Jam/Soundgarden drummer Matt Cameron and Pearl Jam guitari... | 26,303 |
1055577 | Black Hole Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black%20Hole%20Sun | Black Hole Sun
band The Acacia Strain covered this song on the 2016 split EP "The Depression Sessions".
- Christian parody band Apologetix parodied a version of the song titled "God's Own Son" on the 2014 album, Apoplectic.
- In 2016, Scott Bradlee's Postmodern Jukebox released a vintage-themed cover on their YouTube... | 26,304 |
1055577 | Black Hole Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black%20Hole%20Sun | Black Hole Sun
performed the song as a tribute to him on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", Choir! Choir! Choir! recorded a version of the song, Ryan Adams, Cody Jinks, Metallica, Guns N' Roses and more performed the song in concert in tribute of Cornell.
# In popular culture.
"Black Hole Sun" is a playable song in the 2007 video... | 26,305 |
1055577 | Black Hole Sun | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black%20Hole%20Sun | Black Hole Sun
formed the song in concert in tribute of Cornell.
# In popular culture.
"Black Hole Sun" is a playable song in the 2007 video game "Rock Band". The song is also available in the 2008 video games "Karaoke Revolution Presents: American Idol Encore" and "SingStar 90s", for the PlayStation 2. "" features t... | 26,306 |
1055610 | Waterloo Tunnel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waterloo%20Tunnel | Waterloo Tunnel
Waterloo Tunnel
The Waterloo Tunnel in Liverpool, England, is a former railway tunnel, long, which opened in 1849. Its western end was at 53.414829, -2.994385, underneath Pall Mall. From here the line continued under Great Howard Street to Waterloo Goods railway station, now the site of the Kingsway Tu... | 26,307 |
1055610 | Waterloo Tunnel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waterloo%20Tunnel | Waterloo Tunnel
Hill to Liverpool Waterloo Dock with two names along its route. The tunnels were given two different names because initially trains in the Victoria Tunnel were cable hauled and in the Waterloo Tunnel locomotive hauled. Both tunnels closed on 19 November 1972.
In May 2007 it was reported that chief exec... | 26,308 |
1055610 | Waterloo Tunnel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waterloo%20Tunnel | Waterloo Tunnel
ities for reuse of the Victoria/Waterloo and Wapping tunnels. Merseytravel safeguard the tunnel for future use.
In 2016, work began on replacing the road bridge on Great Howard Street that crosses over the dock entrance to the tunnel. Whilst it would have been cheaper to remove the existing bridge and ... | 26,309 |
1055619 | Living Room Suite | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Living%20Room%20Suite | Living Room Suite
Living Room Suite
Living Room Suite is the eighth studio album by the American singer-songwriter Harry Chapin, released in 1978.
# Personnel.
- Harry Chapin - guitar, vocals
- George Bohanon - trombone
- David Burgen - harmonica
- Stephen Chapin - keyboards
- Tom Chapin - banjo, guitar
- The C... | 26,310 |
1055619 | Living Room Suite | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Living%20Room%20Suite | Living Room Suite
Stephen Chapin - keyboards
- Tom Chapin - banjo, guitar
- The Cowsills - vocals
- Bob Cowsill - guitar
- Dixie Hummingbirds - vocals
- Howie Fields - drums, percussion
- Chuck Findley - trumpet
- Steve Forman - percussion
- Dennis Frick - bassoon
- Richard Hyde - trombone
- Neil Jason - bass... | 26,311 |
1055612 | Alexander Wetmore | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander%20Wetmore | Alexander Wetmore
Alexander Wetmore
Frank Alexander Wetmore (June 18, 1886 – December 7, 1978) was an American ornithologist and avian paleontologist. He was the sixth Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
# Life.
Wetmore studied at the University of Kansas. He later studied at George Washington University, rece... | 26,312 |
1055612 | Alexander Wetmore | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander%20Wetmore | Alexander Wetmore
of the Tanager Expedition, a series of five biological surveys to study the flora, fauna and geology of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Johnston Atoll and Wake Island. In 1924, Wetmore joined the Smithsonian Institution as the superintendent of the National Zoo in Washington, D.C. In 1925, Wetmore ... | 26,313 |
1055612 | Alexander Wetmore | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander%20Wetmore | Alexander Wetmore
acceptance, remaining popular until the end of the twentieth century. From 1944 to 1946 Wetmore served as the 15th president of The Explorers Club. Between 1946 and 1966 Wetmore made annual trips to Panama to study and collect specimens of the birds of the Isthmus. His 4-volume magnum opus, "Birds of ... | 26,314 |
1055612 | Alexander Wetmore | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander%20Wetmore | Alexander Wetmore
and Exploration, from 1933 until his death, in his final years as a trustee emeritus.
Several taxa of birds have been named in his honor, including the Cretaceous genus "Alexornis" and the tanagers "Wetmorethraupis sterrhopteron" and "Buthraupis wetmorei". Insects, mammals, amphibians, mollusks, and ... | 26,315 |
1055612 | Alexander Wetmore | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander%20Wetmore | Alexander Wetmore
een named after him. Wetmore is commemorated in the scientific names of one species and two subspecies of reptiles: "Ameiva wetmorei", "Uromacer frenatus wetmorei", and "Anolis brevirostris wetmorei".
In 1953 he married Annie Beatrice van der Biest Thielan, who became guarantor of the American Ornith... | 26,316 |
1055615 | Ralph Sandwich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ralph%20Sandwich | Ralph Sandwich
Ralph Sandwich
Sir Ralph Sandwich (1235–1308) (also known as Rauf de Sanduiz, Ralph de Sandwich and Ralph of Sandwich), of Dene (in Margate), Ham, and Ripple, Kent, Winchfield, Hampshire, etc., was an English administrator and justice. He was Steward of the King's Demesne, Constable of Canterbury (1278)... | 26,317 |
1055615 | Ralph Sandwich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ralph%20Sandwich | Ralph Sandwich
and on 1 January 1265 he became Master of the Great Wardrobe. On 7 May he was made Keeper of the Great Seal, although without the governmental position which accompanied it. He was only allowed to use it for routine writs, otherwise the presence of Peter de Montfort and two others was required.
On 4 Aug... | 26,318 |
1055615 | Ralph Sandwich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ralph%20Sandwich | Ralph Sandwich
a relationship with the Leybourne family, acting as a lawyer to Roger's widow in 1272 and executing her will in 1276. After the death of his uncle Henry of Sandwich in 1273, he was made administrator of the See of London, having already acted as their administrator during Henry's exile in Rome. In Novemb... | 26,319 |
1055615 | Ralph Sandwich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ralph%20Sandwich | Ralph Sandwich
1277 and 1279) and the supervision of large building works at Devizes, Banstead, and Odiham, completely exhausted one of his colleagues.
He also acted as Keeper of the Port of Dover, Keeper of the Forest of Dean and administrator of the See of Canterbury during the 1278–1279 vacancy. In 1280 he was appo... | 26,320 |
1055615 | Ralph Sandwich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ralph%20Sandwich | Ralph Sandwich
of the Tower on 10 September. Until 1293 Sandwich was the effective Mayor of London, and presided over the city's Court of Hustings. He was appointed Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas in 1289 after the previous holder, Sir Thomas Weyland, became a fugitive ‘until the king makes further provision... | 26,321 |
1055615 | Ralph Sandwich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ralph%20Sandwich | Ralph Sandwich
ronation in February 1308, and on 24 March turned the custody of the Tower of London over to John Cromwell. He died before 20 August and was buried in Greyfriars Church. In 1309 Henry de Eynesford, Nicholas de Sandwich, Thomas de Boynton, and William de Berton, clerk, executors of the will of Ralph de Sa... | 26,322 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
Economy of Africa
The economy of Africa consists of the trade, industry, agriculture, and human resources of the continent. , approximately 1.3 billion people were living in 54 different countries in Africa. Africa is a resource-rich continent. Recent growth has been due to growth in sales in commodi... | 26,323 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
"middle income" status (defined as at least US$1,000 per person a year) by 2025 if current growth rates continue. In 2013, Africa was the world’s fastest-growing continent at 5.6% a year, and GDP is expected to rise by an average of over 6% a year between 2013 and 2023. In 2017, the African Developmen... | 26,324 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
observers have also named Africa as the future economic growth engine of the world.
# History.
Africa's economy was diverse, driven by extensive trade routes that developed between cities and kingdoms. Some trade routes were overland, some involved navigating rivers, still others developed around po... | 26,325 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
Indian Ocean, brought the Portuguese to sub-Saharan Africa as an imperial force. Colonial interests created new industries to feed European appetites for goods such as palm oil, rubber, cotton, precious metals, spices, cash crops other goods, and integrated especially the coastal areas with the Atlant... | 26,326 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
1970's. In 2013, Africa was home to seven of the world's fastest-growing economies.
As of 2018, Nigeria is the biggest economy in terms of nominal GDP, followed by South Africa; in terms of PPP, Egypt is second biggest after Nigeria.. Equatorial Guinea possessed Africa's highest GDP per capita albeit... | 26,327 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
Botswana remains the site of Africa's longest and one of the world's longest periods of economic boom (1966–1999).
# Current conditions.
The United Nations predicts Africa’s economic growth will reach 3.5% in 2018 and 3.7% in 2019. As of 2007, growth in Africa had surpassed that of East Asia. Data s... | 26,328 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
in the region’s aggregate growth is largely attributable to a recovery in Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa, three of Africa’s largest economies.
The economies of the fastest growing African nations experienced growth significantly above the global average rates. The top nations in 2007 include Maurita... | 26,329 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
interested in investing in emerging African economies. especially as Africa continues to maintain high economic growth despite current global economic recession.
The rate of return on investment in Africa is currently the highest in the developing world.
Debt relief is being addressed by some intern... | 26,330 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
Trade growth.
Trade has driven much of the growth in Africa's economy in the early 21st century. China and India are increasingly important trade partners; 12.5% of Africa's exports are to China, and 4% are to India, which accounts for 5% of China's imports and 8% of India's. The Group of Five (Indon... | 26,331 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
Trade between Africa and China stood at US$166 billion in 2011.
Africa will only experience a "demographic dividend" by 2035, when its young and growing labour force will have fewer children and retired people as dependents as a proportion of the population, making it more demographically comparable ... | 26,332 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
necessities. This number could reach a projected 128 million by 2020.
During the President of the United States Barack Obama's visit to Africa in July 2013, he announced a US$7 billion plan to further develop infrastructure and work more intensively with African heads of state. A new program named Tr... | 26,333 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
of the continent. The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) will boost business activities between member states and within the continent. This will further reduce too much reliance on importation of finished products and raw materials in to the continent.
# Causes of the economic underde... | 26,334 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
increased corruption and despotism have also contributed to Africa's poor economy.
## Infrastructure.
According to the researchers at the Overseas Development Institute, the lack of infrastructure in many developing countries represents one of the most significant limitations to economic growth and ... | 26,335 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
growth and tackle poverty. The returns to investment in infrastructure are very significant, with on average 30–40% returns for telecommunications (ICT) investments, over 40% for electricity generation, and 80% for roads.
In Africa, it is argued that to meet the MDGs by 2015, infrastructure investmen... | 26,336 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
all spending; in transport and energy a majority of investment is state spending; in Information and communication technologies and water supply and sanitation, the private sector represents the majority of capital expenditure. Overall, aid, the private sector and non-OECD financiers between them exce... | 26,337 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
are biased between
researchers, some of them consider that Europeans had a positive impact on Africa; others affirm that Africa's development was slowed down by colonial rule. The principal aim of colonial rule in Africa by European colonial powers was to exploit natural wealth in the African contine... | 26,338 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
argued that the true effects of colonialism are psychological and that domination by a foreign power creates a lasting sense of inferiority and subjugation that creates a barrier to growth and innovation. Such arguments posit that a new generation of Africans free of colonial thought and mindset is em... | 26,339 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
as bad. The economic historian David Kenneth Fieldhouse has taken a kind of middle position, arguing that the effects of colonialism were actually limited and their main weakness wasn't in deliberate underdevelopment but in what it failed to do. Niall Ferguson agrees with his last point, arguing that ... | 26,340 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
predates colonialism. Jared Diamond argues in Guns, Germs, and Steel that Africa has always been poor due to a number of ecological factors affecting historical development. These factors include low population density, lack of domesticated livestock and plants and the North-South orientation of Afric... | 26,341 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
make exceptions for certain parts of Africa. Acemoglue and Robinson, for example, argue that most of Africa has always been relatively poor, but "Aksum, Ghana, Songhay, Mali, [and] Great Zimbabwe... were probably as developed as their contemporaries anywhere in the world." A number of people including... | 26,342 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
Greenberg's diversity index is the chance that two randomly selected people would have different mother tongues. Out of the most diverse 25 countries according to this index, 18 (72%) are African. This includes 12 countries for which Greenberg's diversity index exceeds 0.9, meaning that a pair of rand... | 26,343 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
North America and East Asia is dependent upon the poverty of the rest of the world, including Africa. Economists who subscribe to this theory believe that poorer regions must break their trading ties with the developed world in order to prosper.
Less radical theories suggest that economic protectioni... | 26,344 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
to be the cause. Although these subsidies and tariffs have been gradually reduced, they remain high.
Local conditions also affect exports; state over-regulation in several African nations can prevent their own exports from becoming competitive. Research in Public Choice economics such as that of Jane... | 26,345 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
resulting in competition being driven out of the market. As competition is driven out of the market, farmers innovate less and grow less food further undermining economic performance.
## Governance.
Although Africa and Asia had similar levels of income in the 1960s, Asia has since outpaced Africa, w... | 26,346 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
is often accurate. University of Massachusetts Amherst researchers estimate that from 1970 to 1996, capital flight from 30 sub-Saharan countries totalled $187bn, exceeding those nations' external debts. Authors Leonce Ndikumana and James K. Boyce estimate that from 1970 to 2008, capital flight from 33... | 26,347 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
nepotism, and the embezzlement of between US$4 billion and $15 billion during his reign. Socialist governments influenced by Marxism, and the land reform they have enacted, have also contributed to economic stagnation in Africa. For example, the regime of Robert Mugabe in Zimbabwe, particularly the la... | 26,348 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
only being averted by generous aid from the IMF and other foreign entities. Tanzania was left as one of the world's poorest and most aid-dependent nations, and has taken decades to recover. Since the abolition of the socialist one-party state in 1992 and the transition to democracy, Tanzania has exper... | 26,349 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
which are vastly overproducing food as a result of agricultural subsidies.
Historically, food aid is more highly correlated with excess supply in Western countries than with the needs of developing countries. Foreign aid has been an integral part of African economic development since the 1980s.
The ... | 26,350 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
of attracting foreign aid in areas where there is potential for high income from demand. It is in need of more economic policies and active participation in the world economy. As globalization has heightened the competition for foreign aid among developing countries, Africa has been trying to improve ... | 26,351 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
international economic grouping on the continent. The confederation's goals include the creation of a free trade area, a customs union, a single market, a central bank, and a common currency (see African Monetary Union), thereby establishing economic and monetary union. The current plan is to establis... | 26,352 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
Bank of Central African States
- Common Monetary Area
Major economic unions are shown in the chart below.
# Economic variants and indicators.
After an initial rebound from the 2009 world economic crisis, Africa’s economy was undermined in the year 2011 by the Arab uprisings. The continent’s growth... | 26,353 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
increased supply, and some could fall further. But prices are expected to remain at levels favourable for African exporter.
## Regions.
Economic activity has rebounded across Africa. However, the pace of recovery was uneven among groups of countries and subregions. Oil-exporting countries generally ... | 26,354 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
decade up to 2012. Ghana and Kenya, for example, have developed markets within the region for construction materials, machinery, and finished products, quite different from the mining and agriculture products that make up the bulk of their international exports.
The African Ministers of Trade agreed ... | 26,355 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
susceptibility to external shocks and bolsters the need for export diversification. Trade in services, mainly travel and tourism, continued to rise in year 2012, underscoring the continent’s strong potential in this sphere.
## Agriculture.
The situation whereby African nations export crops to the We... | 26,356 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
products is continually reduced until Africans are unable to compete, except for cash crops that do not grow easily in a northern climate.
In recent years countries such as Brazil, which has experienced progress in agricultural production, have agreed to share technology with Africa to increase agric... | 26,357 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
products and plan to stimulate agricultural sectors. The African Union has plans to heavily invest in African agriculture and the situation is closely monitored by the UN.
## Energy.
Africa has significant resources for generating energy in several forms (hydroelectric, reserves of petroleum and gas... | 26,358 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
such as Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Tanzania, where electricity consumption per person is negligible.
Petroleum and petroleum products are the main export of 14 African countries. Petroleum and petroleum products accounted for a 46.6% share of Africa's total exports in 2010; the second largest export of A... | 26,359 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
Africa. By far, most of these projects are in the production and transportation of electric power. Many other projects include paved highways, railways, airports, and other construction.
Telecommunications infrastructure is also a growth area in Africa. Although Internet penetration lags other contin... | 26,360 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
African countries, mineral exploration and production constitute significant parts of their economies and remain keys to future economic growth. Africa is richly endowed with mineral reserves and ranks first or second in quantity of world reserves of bauxite, cobalt, industrial diamond, phosphate rock... | 26,361 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
5%; chromite 44%; cobalt 57%; copper 5%; gold 21%; iron ore 4%; steel 2%; lead (Pb) 3%; manganese 39%; zinc 2%; cement 4%; natural diamond 46%; graphite 2%; phosphate rock 31%; coal 5%; mineral fuels (including coal) & petroleum 13%; uranium 16%.
## Manufacturing.
Both the African Union and the Unit... | 26,362 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
will prove to be a century of economic and technological growth for Africa. This hope, coupled with the rise of new leaders in Africa in the future, inspired the term "the African Century", referring to the 21st century potentially being the century when Africa's vast untapped labor, capital, and reso... | 26,363 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
have plans for developing new "green technology" for manufacturing. Developments such as this have huge potential to open new markets for African countries as the demand for alternative "green" and clean technology is predicted to soar in the future as global oil reserves dry up and fossil fuel-based ... | 26,364 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
Nations. Nigeria also has few Electronic manufacturers like Zinox, the first Branded Nigerian Computer and Electronic gadgets (like tablet PCs) manufacturers. In 2013, Nigeria introduced a policy regarding import duty on vehicles to encourage local manufacturing companies in the country. In this regar... | 26,365 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
largest manufacturer of cement in Sub-saharan Africa. and Dangote Cement Factory, Obajana is the largest cement factory in sub-saharan Africa. Ogun is considered to be Nigeria's industrial hub (as most factories are located in Ogun and even more companies are moving there), followed by Lagos.
The man... | 26,366 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
as more banks target the continent's emerging middle class. The banking sector has been experiencing record growth, among others due to various technological innovations.
China and India have showed increasing interest in emerging African economies in the 21st century. Reciprocal investment between A... | 26,367 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
and encourage African investment abroad in the European economy.
Remittances from the African diaspora and rising interest in investment from the West will be especially helpful for Africa's least developed and most devastated economies, such as Burundi, Togo and Comoros. However, experts lament the ... | 26,368 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
in the EU, Portugal in particular. South Africa has attracted increasing attention from the United States as a new frontier of investment in manufacture, financial markets and small business, as has Liberia in recent years under their new leadership.
There are two African currency unions: the West Af... | 26,369 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
finalization.
### Stock exchanges.
As of 2012, Africa has 23 stock exchanges, twice as many as it had 20 years earlier. Nonetheless, African stock exchanges still account for less than 1% of the world's stock exchange activity. The top ten stock exchanges in Africa by stock capital are (amounts are ... | 26,370 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
(0.55)
- Botswana (0.43)
- Ghana (.38)
Between 2009 and 2012, a total of 72 companies were launched on the stock exchanges of 13 African countries.
# Trade blocs and multilateral organizations.
The African Union is the largest international economic grouping on the continent. The confederation's ... | 26,371 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
African Monetary Fund leading to an African Central Bank. Some parties support development of an even more unified United States of Africa.
International monetary and banking unions include:
- Central Bank of West African States
- Bank of Central African States
- Common Monetary Area
Major econom... | 26,372 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
accounts for only 11% of Africa's total commerce as of 2012, around five times less than in Asia. Most of this intra-Africa trade originates from South Africa and most of the trade exports coming out of South Africa goes to abutting countries in Southern Africa.
There are currently eight regional org... | 26,373 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
Fage, J. D. "A History of Africa" (Routledge, 4th edition, 2001 ) (Hutchinson, 1978, ) (Knopf 1st American edition, 1978, )
- Kayizzi-Mugerwa, Steve "The African Economy: Policy, Institutions and the Future" (Routledge, 1999, )
- Moshomba, Richard E. "Africa in the Global Economy" (Lynne Rienner, 20... | 26,374 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
Steel Industry. New York City: Nova Publishers.
# External links.
- The Age of the Dragon: China's Conquest of Africa
- Howard W. French’s book "China’s Second Continent" – On China’s increasing African presence
- Holding the door open for multinationals to extract Africa's wealth, "Foreign Policy... | 26,375 |
1055517 | Economy of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy%20of%20Africa | Economy of Africa
- OECD work on African economy
- Africa Economic Analysis
- World Economic Forum – Africa
- African Development Bank Group
- IMF World Economic Outlook (WEO) – September 2003 – Public Debt in Emerging Markets
- Language and Africa
- Africa's economy: A glimmer of light at last? – The Economist
... | 26,376 |
1055604 | Gun Fight | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gun%20Fight | Gun Fight
Gun Fight
Gun Fight, known as Western Gun in Japan and Europe, is a 1975 arcade shooter game designed by Tomohiro Nishikado, and released by Taito in Japan and Europe and by Midway in North America. It was the first video game to depict human-to-human combat, while the Midway version was also the first video... | 26,377 |
1055604 | Gun Fight | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gun%20Fight | Gun Fight
the other cowboy first wins the duel. Unlike in a real-life duel, however, both cowboys get numerous opportunities to duel in order to score points (one point per successful draw). The game was included in GameSpy's "Hall of Fame" in 2002.
# Gameplay.
"Western Gun" was a fixed screen shooter where two playe... | 26,378 |
1055604 | Gun Fight | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gun%20Fight | Gun Fight
direction. Unlike other dual joystick games, "Western Gun" has the main joystick on the right instead of the left.
Other features of the game included obstacles between the characters which block shots, such as a cactus, and (in later levels) stagecoaches. The guns have limited ammunition, with each player g... | 26,379 |
1055604 | Gun Fight | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gun%20Fight | Gun Fight
rocks, and human characters. In contrast to earlier games which used miniature shapes to represent abstract blocks or spaceships, "Western Gun" featured cartoon-like human characters. The game use bitmapped framebuffer technology to display animated human-like characters, using Fujitsu's MB14241 video shifter... | 26,380 |
1055604 | Gun Fight | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gun%20Fight | Gun Fight
sense for Japanese audiences in that it conveys the setting and theme as simply as possible, was considered to have sounded odd to American audiences, so it was renamed "Gun Fight" instead for its American localization.
Tomohiro Nishikado's original "Western Gun" design was based on discrete logic, like most... | 26,381 |
1055604 | Gun Fight | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gun%20Fight | Gun Fight
was more fun, but was impressed with the improved graphics and smoother animation of Midway's version. This led him to design microprocessors into his subsequent games, including the blockbuster 1978 shoot 'em up hit "Space Invaders". "Gun Fight" uses a black-and-white raster monitor and a yellow screen overl... | 26,382 |
1055604 | Gun Fight | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gun%20Fight | Gun Fight
port to the Bally Astrocade console, which included a color version of the game within the system's ROM.
In 1983, Epyx ported "Gun Fight" and another Midway game, "Sea Wolf II", to the Atari 8-bit family, and released them in an "Arcade Classics" compilation. In 1987, Interceptor Software ported "Gun Fight" ... | 26,383 |
1055635 | Trikont-Verlag | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trikont-Verlag | Trikont-Verlag
Trikont-Verlag
The leftist publishing house Trikont was founded in 1967 in Munich.
# See also.
- List of record labels
# External links.
- Official site (English)
- Official site (German)
- (German article) | 26,384 |
1055629 | VEB Deutsche Schallplatten | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VEB%20Deutsche%20Schallplatten | VEB Deutsche Schallplatten
VEB Deutsche Schallplatten
From the 1950s until the 1980s the VEB Deutsche Schallplatten was the monopolistic music publisher in the German Democratic Republic.
On August 12, 1946, the German singer and actor Ernst Busch got permission by Soviet military administration to institute a publis... | 26,385 |
1055629 | VEB Deutsche Schallplatten | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VEB%20Deutsche%20Schallplatten | VEB Deutsche Schallplatten
r Betrieb, "People-owned enterprise").
On March 18, 1955, the "VEB Lied Der Zeit" was renamed to "VEB Deutsche Schallplatten Berlin".
In 1990, it became Deutsche Schallplatten GmbH Berlin (DSB).
Labels of VEB Deutsche Schallplatten:
- Amiga for contemporary pop and rock music
- Eterna fo... | 26,386 |
1055608 | ZF Sachs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZF%20Sachs | ZF Sachs
ZF Sachs
ZF Sachs AG was a German manufacturer of automotive parts, producing powertrain and suspension components. It was formerly known as "Fichtel & Sachs", "Mannesmann Sachs" and "Sachs". In the past the company also produced ball bearings, motorcycle engines, bicycle parts and – via its subsidiary Sachs ... | 26,387 |
1055608 | ZF Sachs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZF%20Sachs | ZF Sachs
which became widely popular.
By 1911, the year Fichtel died, the company had approximately 7,000 employees. In 1923, the oHG partnership was changed to a stock corporation, and the ball bearing division was sold to the SKF, a Swedish ball bearing corporation, with the condition that the production remain in S... | 26,388 |
1055608 | ZF Sachs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZF%20Sachs | ZF Sachs
Sachs donated the Willy-Sachs-Stadion sporting arena to the City of Schweinfurt.
In the 1960s and early 1980s, F&S purchased several traditional bike parts companies and brands like Hercules, Rabeneick, Huret, Maillard and Sedis.
In the early 1970s, Sachs produced the revolutionary Wankel-engine-powered Herc... | 26,389 |
1055608 | ZF Sachs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZF%20Sachs | ZF Sachs
the majority of F&S stock, and in 1997 F&S was renamed to "Mannesmann Sachs AG".
In 2001, Sachs was sold to ZF Friedrichshafen AG, and renamed to "ZF Sachs AG". The bicycle division was sold to a US-company, the Chicago-based SRAM Corporation, leaving the Sachs division of ZF to focus on the production of aut... | 26,390 |
1055623 | Stern (magazine) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stern%20(magazine) | Stern (magazine)
Stern (magazine)
Stern (, German for "Star") is a weekly news magazine published in Hamburg, Germany, by Gruner + Jahr, a subsidiary of Bertelsmann.
# History and profile.
Henri Nannen created the magazine out of the youth paper "Zick Zack", and the first issue appeared on 1 August 1948. This was po... | 26,391 |
1055623 | Stern (magazine) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stern%20(magazine) | Stern (magazine)
In 1965 the magazine was sold to Gruner + Jahr. In 1968, "Stern" and "Die Zeit" began publishing the "Stern-Zeit" bi-weekly paper for the blind, which stopped publication in mid-2007 due to financial problems.
"Stern" is published on a weekly basis and has a leftist stance. In the 2013 elections the m... | 26,392 |
1055623 | Stern (magazine) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stern%20(magazine) | Stern (magazine)
in 2010 and to 750,810 copies in 2014.
# Incidents.
In 1950, "Stern" published an article that criticized the Allies for wasting money and resources during their occupation of Germany. British military authorities responded and had its publication shut down for a week.
It is notorious internationall... | 26,393 |
1055623 | Stern (magazine) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stern%20(magazine) | Stern (magazine)
resignation of the magazine's editors and a major scandal that is still regarded as a low point in German journalism. The incident caused a major crisis for the magazine. Its credibility was severely damaged and it had to rebuild its reputation from an abysmal level. It took the magazine ten years to r... | 26,394 |
1055623 | Stern (magazine) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stern%20(magazine) | Stern (magazine)
a member of the BDSM scene. This caused an intense public debate, and radical feminists occupied the editorial office of "Stern".
Four "Stern" journalists have been killed while reporting. In January 1995, Jochen Piest was killed by a sniper near the Chechen capital of Grozny. Gabriel Grüner and Volke... | 26,395 |
1055623 | Stern (magazine) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stern%20(magazine) | Stern (magazine)
Dulje, Kosovo. In November 2001 Volker Handloik was killed in an ambush in northern Afghanistan.
# Editors-in-chief.
- 1948–1980: Henri Nannen
- 1980–1983: Rolf Gillhausen, Peter Koch and Felix Schmidt
- 1983–1984: Rolf Gillhausen with Peter Scholl-Latour
- 1984–1986: Rolf Winter
- 1986–1989: Hei... | 26,396 |
1055641 | West Bengal Socialist Party | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West%20Bengal%20Socialist%20Party | West Bengal Socialist Party
West Bengal Socialist Party
West Bengal Socialist Party (WBSP) was a political party in the Indian state of West Bengal. WBSP was formed when the Bengali socialists in the then Janata Party split in the beginning of the 1980s (the other faction became the Democratic Socialist Party). WBSP w... | 26,397 |
1055641 | West Bengal Socialist Party | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West%20Bengal%20Socialist%20Party | West Bengal Socialist Party
1999 over supporting Congress in forming a government after the defeat of the Vajpayee government in the trust vote, WBSP was resurrected once again.
In the state assembly elections 2001 WBSP launched four candidates, supported by Left Front. All four got elected. In total the party receive... | 26,398 |
1055641 | West Bengal Socialist Party | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West%20Bengal%20Socialist%20Party | West Bengal Socialist Party
ront. All four got elected. In total the party received 246 407 votes. In 2005 municipal polls in Kolkata, WBSP contested 2 seats (ward no. 55 and 63) as a part of LF. It lost in both seats.
In the 2006 West Bengal state assembly election, WBSP retained its four seats.
Senor leaders of the... | 26,399 |
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