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1055651 | Deep fryer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep%20fryer | Deep fryer
Deep fryer
While commonly used in commercial kitchens, household models are available and have become increasingly prevalent.
Deep frying has become well known in the United States, from frying sticks of butter to Twinkies, but the method can be traced back to Roman times.
# Features.
Deep fryers generally have a basket to lower the food into the oil tank and raise it when the food has finished cooking. Fryer baskets purchased separately are not standardized and when selected, need to fit into the deep fryer. There are timers and alarms, automatic devices to raise and lower the basket into and out of the oil, ventilation systems to exhaust frying odors from the kitchen, an oil filtration | 26,400 |
1055651 | Deep fryer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep%20fryer | Deep fryer
system or chemical treatment to improve the re-usability of the same amount of oil, and mechanical or electronic temperature controls that save energy and prevent fires by continuously sensing and adjusting the temperature of the oil.
# Construction.
The modern commercial fryer has improved energy efficiency, resulting from better heat transfer systems. Commercial fryers with infrared heating or convection heating are efficient, but often expensive. Infrared heating uses a radiant heat transfer process and convection heating operates through air circulating, while standard fryers utilize hot combustion gases. The most common fryer models are electric and gas fryers.
Electric restaurant fryers | 26,401 |
1055651 | Deep fryer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep%20fryer | Deep fryer
are popular in counter top models, because of their mobility and easy installation. They lose less heat than gas fryers, because their heating elements are immersed in the oil and have a faster temperature recovery time between frying cycles. Gas fryers heat up more quickly and to a higher cooking temperature than electric fryers. They can be powered by either natural gas or propane, both of which are generally less expensive energy sources than electricity. This makes gas power especially popular in floor model fryers. Commercial fryers are generally available in mild steel or stainless steel. Stainless steel is less likely to corrode or stain than mild steel. Mild steel also expands under | 26,402 |
1055651 | Deep fryer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep%20fryer | Deep fryer
heat, which may damage the welds over time. Because of this, stainless steel fryers often come with a much longer warranty than mild steel fryers.
Some commercial fryers have a “cold zone” at the bottom of the fry pot. This is where food particles, such as breading, batter or broken off pieces of food, sink to, while the lower temperature keeps them from burning and tainting the oil. A tube-style fry pot has a large cold zone because the tubes are slightly above the bottom of the vat, leaving generous space for cooler oil and crumbs. This is particularly useful for cooking heavily breaded foods (such as a blooming onion). A tube-style fry pot is more difficult to clean than an open fry pot, | 26,403 |
1055651 | Deep fryer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep%20fryer | Deep fryer
but the tubes allow easy access to the heat source. Tube fryers are often less expensive than their open fry pot counterparts.
Open fry pots have an external heat source, which makes them easier to clean and affords better access to the oil, but they generally offer a smaller cold zone, so food particles could pollute the flavor of the oil. However, these fryers work very well for lightly breaded foods. Flat-bottomed restaurant fryers (another type of open fry pot fryer) can also be difficult to clean and have no cold zone, but they are highly effective for frying dough. Flat-bottom fryer pots may also be used with a batter trapping insert that keeps loose batter from quickly scorching on the | 26,404 |
1055651 | Deep fryer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep%20fryer | Deep fryer
bottom where the heat is applied normally. A batter trap can also help keep loose batter from being stirred up in the oil and adhering to subsequent batches of food in order to make foods taste better and extend the cooking oil's usability.
Some domestic fryers incorporate an angled motorized rotary basket that circulates its contents through the hot oil. This design reduces the amount of oil required to roughly half compared to a more traditionally designed fryer. Domestic fryers are generally much smaller than their commercial counterparts and typically have a capacity of two to four liters.
# Temperature controls.
Temperature controls for deep fryers can be implemented, but are uncommon. | 26,405 |
1055651 | Deep fryer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep%20fryer | Deep fryer
Without them the deep fryer needs to be watched consistently to ensure safety. There sometimes are “computerized temperature controls” in fryers on the market today, especially in commercial fryers. In fact, some modern fryers have an automatic shutoff control, just in case the temperature gets to high, which adds another level of sophistication and safety. It is a good idea to use a separate or external thermometer, even if the unit has temperature controls, in case there is a malfunction and to ensure that the internal temperature of the food meets government regulations.
# Oil filtration.
An oil filtration system, chemical treatment, or diatomaceous earth powder all help remove tiny food | 26,406 |
1055651 | Deep fryer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep%20fryer | Deep fryer
particles that are not always visible. Using these systems doubles the life of the oil. Oil filtration systems can sometimes be purchased as an enclosed part of the fryer to avoid involving employees in the somewhat dangerous process of filtering the oil with an exterior system. Many restaurants use a portable oil filtration system to transport waste oil to a disposal area. However, even old oil is not completely useless. There are ways (involving other chemicals and machinery) to “recycle” old oil as biodiesel that can power diesel vehicles. Bio-diesel increases energy security resulting in many environmental benefits and even helping decrease greenhouse emissions. Pouring used oil, such as | 26,407 |
1055651 | Deep fryer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep%20fryer | Deep fryer
fats and grease, down the drain should be avoided, as this can cause food build up and clogged pipes, restricting the flow of liquids. This often results in costly restoration and cleaning.
# Accessories.
Deep fryer accessories are products that are designed to improve the process of frying. A typical accessory of a deep fryer is the frying basket, which holds items to be fried and lets users take the food out of the fryer without using other tools. A skimmer is a screen (either coarse, medium, or fine) attached to a handle and used to remove food from the fryer. A thermometer is an essential accessory of a deep fryer because the temperature is critical to get the best-tasting food and ensure | 26,408 |
1055651 | Deep fryer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep%20fryer | Deep fryer
that the food is cooked to an appropriate temperature. To make sure the fryer itself stays in good condition, a cleaning solution is required, while a pump and filter can help to keep the oil clean. Cleaning brushes help to scrape away burnt bits of food from the sides and bottom of the fryer without damaging it.
# Automated deep fryers.
The automated deep fryer has a different system that incorporates a single basket unit or double basket unit, which could be useful in loading, cooking, and serving food. The refrigerated storage compartment has a portion controller and dispenser, a separate cooking chamber having a frying vessel. Most automated deep fryers include an air filtration system | 26,409 |
1055651 | Deep fryer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep%20fryer | Deep fryer
which gets rid of the greasy smell of fried foods. The system additionally incorporates a microprocessor controller. Some automated deep fryer have an automated feature to ensure that the food is cooked consistently at the correct temperature and for the correct amount of time.
# Fire Risks and Personal Safety.
Since cooking foods at high temperatures in order to kill bacteria and pathogens is required, cautionary measures need to be taken into consideration. One of these precautions is the use of water and other solutions around deep fryers because water or ice that meets hot oils is likely to gurgle, splash, and bubble onto nearby surfaces or objects. In fact, the use of water or ice with | 26,410 |
1055651 | Deep fryer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep%20fryer | Deep fryer
hot oil can cause the water to evaporate at that high temperature leading to severe bodily injury or heated explosions. This is commonly referred to as the flash point and should always be avoided. It is always best to use a chemical agent like a fire extinguisher or cover the oil with a non-porous object like a metal lid or platter instead of liquids like water. Another precaution to consider when using a deep fat fryer to make sure that the oil does not overflow when food items are placed into the fryer and that the food item can be completely submerged to ensure even cooking, especially for large objects like a turkey. If the oil meets flames, from stove top burners and other sources, the | 26,411 |
1055651 | Deep fryer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep%20fryer | Deep fryer
results can be life threatening like heated or gaseous oils that can explode nearby workstations while causing wall and ceiling fires. Another factor that can cause oil fires is the environment surrounding the deep fryer such as keeping the work area clear of objects and placing hot oil containers/fryers on smooth surfaces so that they do not spill. Furthermore, carbon monoxide can be created from deep-frying and little ventilation/air flow can cause people in the area to be poisoned, which is especially dangerous, so carbon monoxide detectors should be maintained in working order.
# Advancements.
Over time, deep fryers have evolved into air fryers and propane deep fryers. Air fryers were | 26,412 |
1055651 | Deep fryer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep%20fryer | Deep fryer
. Air fryers were introduced in 2010, as an egg-shaped device that cooks any food that a deep fryer could, while using 80% less fat than a typical deep or propane deep fryer. Air fryers work by circulating hot air around a enclosed compartment and the only oil that is needed is a thin layer before you place food in the fryer. Air fryers are also more compact in size and easier to move around, plus they are safer to use, as they don't contain hot oils. It is recommended that only small quantities of food enter the fryer, as adding too much can cause the food to cook unevenly, making raw foods unsafe to consume.
# See also.
- Chip pan
- List of cooking appliances
- Sautéing
- Vacuum fryer | 26,413 |
1055627 | Walter Giffard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter%20Giffard | Walter Giffard
Walter Giffard
Walter Giffard (c.1225 – April 1279) was Lord Chancellor of England and Archbishop of York.
# Family.
Giffard was a son of Hugh Giffard of Boyton in Wiltshire, a royal justice, by Sibyl, a daughter and co-heiress of Walter de Cormeilles. He was born about 1225, and may have been the oldest son. Hugh and Sybil were entrusted with the care of the young Prince Edward in 1239. In 1256 Giffard and his mother received the king's licence to live in Boyton Castle. Giffard's brother was Bishop Godfrey Giffard, who was Bishop of Worcester and also Lord Chancellor of England; his sister Mabel was the Abbess of Shaftesbury Abbey. Walter was also a kinsman of William of Bitton I, who was | 26,414 |
1055627 | Walter Giffard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter%20Giffard | Walter Giffard
Walter's predecessor at Bath. The family was also related to Walter de Gray, who was Archbishop of York from 1215 to 1255.
# Career.
Giffard studied at Cambridge University and took his master of arts at Oxford University. While at university Adam Marsh wrote to another scholar praising Giffard's scholarly skills. Giffard took holy orders and became a canon and archdeacon of Wells and a papal chaplain. On 22 May 1264 he was elected Bishop of Bath and Wells and received the temporalities on 1 September 1264. As the Archbishop of Canterbury, Boniface of Savoy was in France, Giffard travelled to Paris to be consecrated at Notre-Dame on 4 January 1265. The service was performed by Peter d'Acquablanca, | 26,415 |
1055627 | Walter Giffard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter%20Giffard | Walter Giffard
the Bishop of Hereford, Giffard having first sworn that he would not take part against King Henry III. However, the barons were angered that he had ventured abroad against their will and ravaged nearly all his manors. Archbishop Boniface ordered him to excommunicate Simon de Montfort the Earl of Leicester and his party on Giffard's return to England. Following the Battle of Evesham, on 10 August 1265 King Henry made Giffard Chancellor and awarded him a stipend of five hundred marks a year. In August of the following year he was appointed one of the arbitrators for drawing up the award of Kenilworth which provided the disinherited lords a means of recovering their estates.
On 15 October 1266 | 26,416 |
1055627 | Walter Giffard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter%20Giffard | Walter Giffard
Giffard was appointed by Pope Clement IV to the Archbishopric of York – as part of this elevation he resigned the chancellorship and was enthroned on 1 November 1266, receiving his temporalities on Boxing day. Soon after his enthronement he became involved in a dispute with Archbishop Boniface of Canterbury about the right to carry his cross erect in the southern province, and ended up making an appeal to Rome.
Although Giffard had family wealth and much money associated with his office, he could not keep clear of debt. In the years after his appointment he paid 1600 marks to Italian money-lenders, 550 marks to certain merchants of Paris, and in 1270 sent 200 marks to his agents at Rome to | 26,417 |
1055627 | Walter Giffard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter%20Giffard | Walter Giffard
expedite his affairs, hoping, "...for the present to keep out of the whirlpool of usury." Despite his own financial problems he seems to have been kind to his relatives – paying for his nephew's education and giving his brother Godfrey the Archdeaconry of York. His register contains many gifts to the poor, and he helped support schoolmasters at Beverley. He also supported the scholarly careers of two of his successors at York, John le Romeyn and William Greenfield.
On 13 October 1269 Giffard officiated at the translation of Edward the Confessor's relics. When leaving England, Prince Edward (who was then heir to the throne) appointed him by will in 1270 as one of the tutors of his sons. He also | 26,418 |
1055627 | Walter Giffard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter%20Giffard | Walter Giffard
assisted Edward in bringing John de Warenne the Earl of Surrey to justice for the murder of Alan la Zouche at Westminster. Upon the death of Henry III on 20 November 1272 the Great Seal was delivered to the Archbishop as first Lord of the Council – in order for him, Roger Mortimer and Robert Burnell to be appointed to govern the Kingdom until the new King's return to the country.
# Death.
Giffard died at York on or about 22 April 1279, and he was buried in York Minster, probably in the choir. Archbishop Thoresby later removed his body to a tomb which he had erected in the presbytery. Contemporary reports state that Giffard was a handsome, happy and genial man who was fond of luxury – as a | 26,419 |
1055627 | Walter Giffard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter%20Giffard | Walter Giffard
first Lord of the Council – in order for him, Roger Mortimer and Robert Burnell to be appointed to govern the Kingdom until the new King's return to the country.
# Death.
Giffard died at York on or about 22 April 1279, and he was buried in York Minster, probably in the choir. Archbishop Thoresby later removed his body to a tomb which he had erected in the presbytery. Contemporary reports state that Giffard was a handsome, happy and genial man who was fond of luxury – as a result of this in later life he grew fat which affected both his health and his temper. He was noted at the time as being a man of high character who was able and industrious.
# External links.
- Godfrey Giffard's Will | 26,420 |
1055682 | Ready Rock C | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ready%20Rock%20C | Ready Rock C
Ready Rock C
Clarence Holmes, better known as Ready Rock C, is an American hip hop record producer, beatboxer, and rapper. He is best known for his early career with Will Smith and DJ Jazzy Jeff, then known as DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince. According to Holmes, he left the group in 1990 because Smith "wanted the spotlight all to himself."
Holmes sued Smith and Townes in 1999, claiming he was owed one-third of the group's profits. The case was dismissed because the statute of limitations had expired. | 26,421 |
1055626 | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bay%20Area%20Rapid%20Transit%20Police%20Department | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department
Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department
The BART Police (BARTPD), officially the Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department, is the transit police agency of the BART rail system in the U.S. state of California. The department has approximately three hundred police personnel including over two-hundred sworn peace officers. The chief, Carlos Rojas commands the agency's: law enforcement, parking, and community relations services. BART Police participates in a mutual aid agreement with other Bay Area law enforcement agencies. In 2011 and 2012 the department came under national scrutiny due to several officers involved in fatalities of the rail system's patrons.
When terrorism began to be treated | 26,422 |
1055626 | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bay%20Area%20Rapid%20Transit%20Police%20Department | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department
as a more active threat after the September 11 attacks, BART increased its emphasis on infrastructure protection. The police department hosts drills and participates in counter-terrorism working groups. The agency has an officer assigned full-time to the FBI's Joint Terrorism Task Force. Furthermore, a command officer is designated as a mutual-aid, counter-terrorism, and homeland-security liaison. BART's police dogs are certified in explosives detection.
The stated goal of the BART Police Department is to build a more community-oriented police force that is tough on crime and strong on customer service. Zone commanders and their personnel form working partnerships with BART riders, employees, | 26,423 |
1055626 | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bay%20Area%20Rapid%20Transit%20Police%20Department | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department
community groups, educational institutions, and businesses. The goal is to ensure that personal safety, quality of life, and protection of property remain among BART's top priorities for the stakeholders in its community.
# History.
In 1969, three years before BART opened for revenue service, the transit district's board of directors recommended that local police and sheriff's departments patrol the stations, trains, rights-of-way, and other BART-owned properties that were within their respective jurisdictions. The police chiefs and sheriffs, forecasting that BART's proposal would create jurisdictional disputes and inconsistent levels of police service, rejected the board's proposal. As a | 26,424 |
1055626 | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bay%20Area%20Rapid%20Transit%20Police%20Department | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department
result, legislation was passed to form an autonomous law enforcement agency, the BART Police Department.
During BART's first 13 years of revenue service, police officers reported to the transit district's headquarters in Oakland. In 1985, a team of officers was assigned to report to the Concord transportation facility, where a police field office was established. By not having to travel the 20 miles between Oakland and Concord, the officers were able to patrol their beats longer and become more familiar with the community. BART riders, station agents, and train operators benefited from having more police presence and interaction with the same officers. This led to three additional field offices | 26,425 |
1055626 | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bay%20Area%20Rapid%20Transit%20Police%20Department | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department
within six months.
In July 1993, then-police chief Harold Taylor recommended a comprehensive plan to decentralize the department into four geographical police zones, each with its own headquarters and field offices. Zone commanders would be given personnel, equipment, and resources to manage their respective police operations. A peer-review panel, which included four police chiefs and the safety-audit administrator from the American Public Transportation Association, gave Chief Taylor's plan its endorsement, along with other recommendations on how the BART police could work more closely with other transit employees, communities, businesses, and schools that the transit district serves.
Police | 26,426 |
1055626 | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bay%20Area%20Rapid%20Transit%20Police%20Department | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department
command-level officers provide input to planners for BART's future extensions to Warm Springs and Santa Clara County.
BART Police formerly had an eagle-top shield type badge, but recently switched to the 7-point star style traditional to Bay Area law enforcement. Uniforms are dark blue, similar to SFPD.
Officers are usually armed with either a SIG Sauer P320 or a Glock pistol for the sidearm.
## Officer-involved fatalities.
### Bruce Edward Seward.
In 2001 a mentally ill man named Bruce Edward Seward was shot by an officer at the Hayward Station. Reportedly the sleeping passenger awoke and grabbed the officer's nightstick causing the officer to reflexively shoot him; resulting in death.
### | 26,427 |
1055626 | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bay%20Area%20Rapid%20Transit%20Police%20Department | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department
Oscar Grant.
In 2009 officer Johannes Mehserle fatally shot Oscar Grant III on the Fruitvale station.
Eyewitnesses gathered direct evidence of the shooting with cellular video cameras which were later submitted to social networks such as YouTube in addition to media outlets. The videos were watched hundreds of thousands of times online. In the days following the shooting, peaceful and violent demonstrations occurred.
After an investigation and public uproar, Mehserle was arrested and charged with second-degree murder, to which he pleaded not guilty. He was convicted of involuntary manslaughter in 2010 and was sentenced to two years. Mehserle served his sentence at the Los Angeles County Jail | 26,428 |
1055626 | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bay%20Area%20Rapid%20Transit%20Police%20Department | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department
and was released in 2011 on parole.
Subsequent to the criminal trial Oakland civil rights attorney John Burris filed a US$25 million wrongful death civil lawsuit against BART on behalf of Grant's daughter and girlfriend.
In response to the Grant shooting, BART created an oversight committee to monitor police-related incidents.
### Charles Hill.
In 2011, a mentally ill homeless man, Charles Blair Hill, assaulted two officers with weapons at the Civic Center / UN Plaza station in San Francisco. As a result, he was shot by BART police. The department reported that Hill was drunk and armed with two knives and a broken bottle. Approximately twenty-three seconds after arriving on scene, the officers | 26,429 |
1055626 | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bay%20Area%20Rapid%20Transit%20Police%20Department | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department
fired three rounds, striking Hill in the chest and killing him. BART Police chief Kenton Rainey stated lethal force was appropriate.
The shooting of Charles Hill led to a non-violent but disruptive demonstration by approximately seventy-five protesters inside the Civic Center and 16th Street Stations on July 11. Demonstrators departing the 16th St Mission station returned downtown on Mission St, blocking traffic and engaging in acts of vandalism en route. One citizen was arrested for intoxication.
### Sahleem Tindle.
Officer Joseph Mateu shot and killed Sahleem Tindle on January 2018. Officer Mateu had heard shots, and ran to the scene where two men were fighting over a gun. He intervened, | 26,430 |
1055626 | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bay%20Area%20Rapid%20Transit%20Police%20Department | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department
firing into Tindle's back three times. The shooting resulted in a civil rights lawsuit against BART. Prosecutors wound up declining to file any charges .
## Cell phone network shutdown.
On August 11, 2011, BART officials successfully prevented another evening-commute anti-police demonstration by shutting down the public cell phone network serving their jurisdiction in and between the downtown San Francisco stations. The police had received information that the protest was to be coordinated live via internet and text messages. This was the first documented instance of any government agency in the United States shutting down public communications to disrupt a protest. The American Civil Liberties | 26,431 |
1055626 | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bay%20Area%20Rapid%20Transit%20Police%20Department | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department
Union called the decision "in effect an effort by a governmental entity to silence its critics." Numerous media outlets quoted BART officials making the claim that the planned protest was a threat to public safety but did not offer any analysis of the claim's merit.
# Operations.
The BART police have various positions in their ranks. including peace officers, community service officers, dispatchers, revenue protection guards, and administrative staff. Most officers are assigned to patrol, and others are assigned to special operations teams.
The department's decentralized patrol bureau is divided into five police zones. Each has its own headquarters and field office. The police department | 26,432 |
1055626 | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bay%20Area%20Rapid%20Transit%20Police%20Department | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department
has: criminal investigation, personnel and training, record, warrant, crime analysis, traffic administration, property and evidence, and revenue protection divisions. There is also the office of the chief which is composed of an internal affairs and a budget coordination office.
Further specialties for the police department include: field training officer, K9, SWAT, bicycle patrol, background investigator, crime analyst, administrative traffic officer, FBI Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) investigator, and undercover anti-vandalism and special-enforcement teams.
The agency has police facilities in: Castro Valley, Colma, Concord, El Cerrito, Hayward, Oakland, Pittsburg, Pleasanton, San Bruno, | 26,433 |
1055626 | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bay%20Area%20Rapid%20Transit%20Police%20Department | Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department
or, crime analyst, administrative traffic officer, FBI Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) investigator, and undercover anti-vandalism and special-enforcement teams.
The agency has police facilities in: Castro Valley, Colma, Concord, El Cerrito, Hayward, Oakland, Pittsburg, Pleasanton, San Bruno, San Francisco, San Leandro, and Walnut Creek.
# Fallen officer.
One BART police officer has died in the line of duty.
# See also.
- New York City Transit Police
- South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Service
# Further reading.
- BART Police Policies and Procedures Manual
- 2011 edition (PDF, 594 pages)
- 2013 edition (PDF, 642 pages)
# External links.
- BART Website | 26,434 |
1055704 | List of radio stations in Indiana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20radio%20stations%20in%20Indiana | List of radio stations in Indiana
List of radio stations in Indiana
The following is a list of FCC-licensed radio stations in the U.S. state of Indiana, which can be sorted by their call signs, frequencies, cities of license, licensees, and programming formats. | 26,435 |
1055712 | Mateo Gil | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mateo%20Gil | Mateo Gil
Mateo Gil
Mateo Gil Rodríguez (born 23 September 1972, Las Palmas, Spain) is a Spanish film director, screenwriter, second unit director, assistant director, cinematographer, editor and producer.
He co-wrote most of Alejandro Amenábar's films with him, and also served as second unit or assistant director in two of this films. Amenábar's "The Sea Inside", which Gil co-wrote, won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
He was nominated for seven Goya Awards including Best New Director and Best Director, and won four: Best Original Screenplay for "The Sea Inside" and "Agora", Best Adapted Screenplay for "The Method" and Best Short Film - Fiction for "Dime que yo". | 26,436 |
1055707 | Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Companhia%20Paulista%20de%20Trens%20Metropolitanos | Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos
Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos
Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos (CPTM) () is a commuter rail company owned by the São Paulo State Department for Metropolitan Transports. It was created in May 28, 1992 from several railroads that already existed in Greater São Paulo, Brazil.
Part of the Greater São Paulo rail network, CPTM has 94 stations in seven lines, with a total length of . The system carries about 3 million passengers a day. In June 8, 2018, CPTM set a weekday ridership record with 3,096,035 trips.
# History.
Most of railways now run by CPTM were built between 1860 and 1957 by the São Paulo Railway (lines 7 and 10), Estrada de Ferro Sorocabana (lines 8 and 9) and | 26,437 |
1055707 | Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Companhia%20Paulista%20de%20Trens%20Metropolitanos | Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos
Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil (lines 11 and 12). These railways were eventually incorporated into the state-owned Rede Ferroviária Federal (RFFSA) in 1957 and Ferrovia Paulista S.A. (FEPASA) 1971. Finally, in 1992 the urban sections of RFFSA and FEPASA merged, forming CPTM.
Between the end of the 1990s and the early 2000s, CPTM began the conversion of some metropolitan lines to provide a service similar to rapid transit and better integrate with the São Paulo Metro. Most of the stations where either rebuilt or modernized and new trains were purchased allowing the headway of lines to be as low as four minutes in some lines. This experience started in Line E in the year 2000, in the stretch | 26,438 |
1055707 | Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Companhia%20Paulista%20de%20Trens%20Metropolitanos | Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos
known as "East Express", serving the east end of São Paulo City and running parallel to Line 3 - Red.
The proposed Trens Intercidades regional railway project is considering using Line 7 tracks for providing service to neighboring cities of Jundiaí and Americana.
In 2018, CPTM opened Line 13, its first line completely built and operated by CPTM. This line connects Line 12 to the São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport.
# Operation.
CPTM operates seven lines in the Greater São Paulo area, identified by number and color. Most of these lines run on existing surface tracks that continue out of Greater São Paulo as MRS Logística intercity freight lines and share right of way with freight trains. | 26,439 |
1055707 | Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Companhia%20Paulista%20de%20Trens%20Metropolitanos | Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos
The more lightly used outer sections of several lines have level crossings.
Service starts every day at 4 AM, when trains depart from each terminus, until the last train leaves at midnight. On Saturdays operation is extended until 1 AM.
The company charges a flat fare that can be paid either by magnetic ticket sold in the stations or with a rechargeable smartcard, and grants access to any of the rail lines on the Greater São Paulo, including lines operated by the São Paulo Metro.
# See also.
- São Paulo Metro
- List of suburban and commuter rail systems
- Transport in São Paulo
- Bike station - The Mauá train station on Line 10 has a bike station, the only one on the CPTM system.
# External | 26,440 |
1055707 | Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Companhia%20Paulista%20de%20Trens%20Metropolitanos | Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos
rts every day at 4 AM, when trains depart from each terminus, until the last train leaves at midnight. On Saturdays operation is extended until 1 AM.
The company charges a flat fare that can be paid either by magnetic ticket sold in the stations or with a rechargeable smartcard, and grants access to any of the rail lines on the Greater São Paulo, including lines operated by the São Paulo Metro.
# See also.
- São Paulo Metro
- List of suburban and commuter rail systems
- Transport in São Paulo
- Bike station - The Mauá train station on Line 10 has a bike station, the only one on the CPTM system.
# External links.
- Official page of the CPTM
- Secretaria dos Transportes Metropolitanos | 26,441 |
1055661 | Edge Hill railway station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edge%20Hill%20railway%20station | Edge Hill railway station
Edge Hill railway station
Edge Hill railway station serves the district of Edge Hill in Liverpool, England.
There have been two stations of that name. The first stood a short distance south-west of the present station and its remains are still visible, although the site is not open to the public.
Edge Hill is the first station after departure from . The station, and all trains serving it, are operated by Northern.
East Midlands Trains, West Midlands Trains, TransPennine Express and Virgin Trains services pass through the station, but do not stop.
# The first station.
The first station opened on 15 September 1830 as part of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. It was located in a wide by | 26,442 |
1055661 | Edge Hill railway station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edge%20Hill%20railway%20station | Edge Hill railway station
long, deep sandstone cutting, with three tunnels at the west end.
The largest bore, in the centre, was the Wapping Tunnel, a long downwards incline leading to Wapping Dock and the world's first tunnel to be bored under a metropolis. The tunnel was worked by an endless rope running down the centre of one track and back along the other, the goods wagons descended by gravity, but were hauled up by the stationary steam engine. During the summer of 1829, prior to the tunnel opening for traffic, it became a popular subterranean promenade. It was whitewashed and lit by gas at intervals. On certain days, people could walk through at a cost of 1s a time, there was even a band provided which heightened | 26,443 |
1055661 | Edge Hill railway station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edge%20Hill%20railway%20station | Edge Hill railway station
the excitement of a novel and eerie adventure. On 1st August alone some three thousand people walked its length.
The tunnel to the north of the central bore was much shorter and inclined upwards, leading to the passenger terminal at Crown Street and a coal depot. Here the trains descended by gravity to Edge Hill station and were wound up into Crown Street.
The southern tunnel was originally a short length leading nowhere and used as a storage shed: its chief purpose was to create a symmetrical appearance. In 1832 it was cleared out and used as engine shed during the winters; later it became the waggonrepairing shop until 1845 or 1846 when it was extended and expanded to provide two additional | 26,444 |
1055661 | Edge Hill railway station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edge%20Hill%20railway%20station | Edge Hill railway station
tracks into the Crown Street coal depot.
At the opposite end of the station area were two engine houses in the form of towers on either side of the line, which was spanned at this point by the famous Moorish Arch. The arch was decorative with two battlemented towers and decorated masonry forming a grand and impressive entrance to Liverpool. But the arch was also functional and served as a bridge connecting the two engine houses across the deep cutting.
There were engine sheds and workshops cut into the rock either side of the station area, others were fitted up as passengers' waiting rooms and offices, there being no room in the cutting for ordinary buildings.
The engines were supplied with | 26,445 |
1055661 | Edge Hill railway station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edge%20Hill%20railway%20station | Edge Hill railway station
steam from return-flue boilers, two on each side of the tracks in the cutting walls. The smoke was channelled down rock cut flues to tall chimneys – known as the 'Pillars of Hercules' – situated either side of the tunnel entrances. A steam connecting pipe was installed in 1832 enabling either set of boilers to be used for either engine, at the same time a pedestrian subway was installed so that staff could move between the engine houses without having to move through the operating railway.
The station area was mainly used for the marshalling of trains and the coupling and uncoupling of locomotives, but first class passengers could also join the trains here, conveyed by horse-drawn carriages | 26,446 |
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from Dale Street in the city centre.
# The new station.
As early as May 1831 the Directors had concluded that Crown Street station was too far removed from the centre of Liverpool so they commissioned a survey to be made with a view to finding a way of bringing the railway into the town. George Stephenson produced a plan in June 1831 to provide a line, mainly in a tunnel, from Edge Hill to the cattle market at Haymarket. Liverpool Common Council approved the scheme subject to it being restricted to passengers only and plans were drawn up in October 1831 for submission to Parliament. The Bill received Royal Assent on 23 May 1832, tenders were let and work started in 1833.
Parliament had forbidden | 26,447 |
1055661 | Edge Hill railway station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edge%20Hill%20railway%20station | Edge Hill railway station
locomotives to run through tunnels and the railway had therefore to build stationary engines at the top of the incline up from Lime Street. The decision to extend the railway to Lime Street Station required the construction of a new station at Edge Hill, situated to the north of the old station so that it was on the new line at the tunnel portal. Plans were approved in December 1834, and a contract for the construction of the new station and engine houses was let in March 1835. The new station was about by in area with stone platforms with all the station buildings set back from the platform edges.
Trains descended to Lime Street by gravity under the control of two brakesmen riding in an open | 26,448 |
1055661 | Edge Hill railway station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edge%20Hill%20railway%20station | Edge Hill railway station
brake waggon, being rope-hauled by a winding engine back up to Edge Hill. This system, constructed by Mather, Dixon and Company under the direction of John Grantham, ended in 1870.
The new Edge Hill station was opened in 1836 and has been in continuous use ever since.
Sidings to the north of the station (sometimes called Exhibition Road after the adjacent thoroughfare leading to the exhibition hall) served as a terminus for excursionists visiting the 1886 "Shipperies" and 1887 Royal Jubilee Exhibitions.
The venue on Edge Lane had its own sidings to the south, including access to the building itself, for delivery of exhibits and removal of materials when the site closed.
# Layout.
Facing | 26,449 |
1055661 | Edge Hill railway station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edge%20Hill%20railway%20station | Edge Hill railway station
west there are two tunnels visible from the platforms. The northernmost tunnel is the Waterloo Tunnel, and the southern tunnel leads to . The station consists of two island platforms, each with an original building dating from 1836. This makes it one of the world's oldest passenger railway station still in use, although the former Liverpool Road station in Manchester is the oldest surviving station building. Art exhibitions are held on the approach road to the Southern island platform. An arts centre called Metal now occupies part of the building on the Manchester-bound platform.
Around 400 yards from the station in the Manchester direction is a key junction, where the Merseyrail City lines | 26,450 |
1055661 | Edge Hill railway station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edge%20Hill%20railway%20station | Edge Hill railway station
separate into two: one goes towards (serving the southern Liverpool-Manchester line and the West Coast Main Line) and the other towards (serving the Wigan and Manchester Victoria lines). The Canada Dock Branch line runs through the station towards Bootle Oriel Road. There is also a carriage servicing depot just to the east of the junction on the line towards Mossley Hill which is used by Alstom to maintain train operator Virgin West Coast's Pendolino fleet.
The station buildings are Grade 2 listed. Network Rail applied for planning permission in November 2016 to update the ticket desk and counter to make it more accessible to passengers with disabilities.
The ticket office (on the northern | 26,451 |
1055661 | Edge Hill railway station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edge%20Hill%20railway%20station | Edge Hill railway station
island platform) is manned throughout the day (05:30–00:10, Monday–Saturday). Information screens & customer help points are provided on all four platforms (which are linked by subway), but the buildings on platforms 3 and 4 are no longer in use. Step-free access is available to platforms 1 and 2 only, as the subway to the other platforms has stairs.
# Services.
Edge Hill lies on both the middle and southern routes of the Liverpool to Manchester Line from Liverpool Lime Street. There is a half-hourly service on the northern branch, with alternate trains to Crewe via {Manchester Piccadilly and and to Warrington Bank Quay. There is also an hourly service on the southern branch to Manchester | 26,452 |
1055661 | Edge Hill railway station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edge%20Hill%20railway%20station | Edge Hill railway station
Oxford Road via Warrington Central, and a half-hourly service to Wigan North Western via St Helens Central.
Summary:
- 1 train per hour to Manchester Oxford Road
- 1 train per hour to Crewe via
- 1 train per hour to Warrington Bank Quay
- 2 trains per hour to Wigan North Western
- 5 trains per hour to Liverpool Lime Street
The station is closed on Sundays.
# Points of interest.
Edge Hill is a haven for rail enthusiasts. There is a large freight yard operated by EWS, which mostly sees Class 60 locomotives, as a change from that company's more ubiquitous Class 66s. The yards are also home to a number of track maintenance units, some of which have not been moved for two decades.
In 2009 | 26,453 |
1055661 | Edge Hill railway station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edge%20Hill%20railway%20station | Edge Hill railway station
Edge Hill is a haven for rail enthusiasts. There is a large freight yard operated by EWS, which mostly sees Class 60 locomotives, as a change from that company's more ubiquitous Class 66s. The yards are also home to a number of track maintenance units, some of which have not been moved for two decades.
In 2009 arts organisation Metal completed a major renovation of the Engine House, Boiler Room and Accumulator Tower at Edge Hill Station, after successfully raising capital funding from Kensington Regeneration, Merseytravel, Northern Rail, Railway Heritage Trust and Network Rail. This included works by Al and Al, entitled XXX: Get Off At Edge Hill.
# External links.
- Subterranea Britannica | 26,454 |
1055723 | Legends of the Lost and Found | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legends%20of%20the%20Lost%20and%20Found | Legends of the Lost and Found
Legends of the Lost and Found
Legends of the Lost and Found: New Greatest Stories Live is the second live album by the American singer/songwriter Harry Chapin, released in 1979 (see 1979 in music). It featured ten new songs plus live versions of six tracks from recent albums. The album was not released on CD until 2005 when the Chapin family acquired the rights to the music. The new version was remixed from the original multitrack recordings by Harry's son Josh (executive producer) and Chapin Foundation board member and archivist Jason Dermer (producer/engineer). While making every attempt to stay true to the original version's sound as mixed by Steve Chapin, the new release features a revised | 26,455 |
1055723 | Legends of the Lost and Found | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legends%20of%20the%20Lost%20and%20Found | Legends of the Lost and Found
track order that better follows the progression and feel of a Harry Chapin concert from that time period, as well as vocals that, through modern technique, rely less on the overdubs that were used in the original.
# CD track listing.
Disc 1:
- 1. "Old Folkie" - 4:51
- 2. "Stranger With the Melodies" - 7:06
- 3. "We Were Three" - 5:20
- 4. "Legends of the Lost and Found" - 4:12
- 5. "Flowers Are Red" - 5:08
- 6. "Pretzel Man" - 3:09
- 7. "Odd Job Man" - 5:16
- 8. "Tangled Up Puppet" - 4:37
- 9. "Get on With It" - 5:22
- 10. "If My Mary Were Here" - 4:51
Disc 2:
- 1. "Poor Damned Fool" - 4:27
- 2. "Copper" - 5:15
- 3. "The Day They Closed the Factory Down" - 5:47
- 4. "Mail Order | 26,456 |
1055723 | Legends of the Lost and Found | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legends%20of%20the%20Lost%20and%20Found | Legends of the Lost and Found
nger With the Melodies" - 7:06
- 3. "We Were Three" - 5:20
- 4. "Legends of the Lost and Found" - 4:12
- 5. "Flowers Are Red" - 5:08
- 6. "Pretzel Man" - 3:09
- 7. "Odd Job Man" - 5:16
- 8. "Tangled Up Puppet" - 4:37
- 9. "Get on With It" - 5:22
- 10. "If My Mary Were Here" - 4:51
Disc 2:
- 1. "Poor Damned Fool" - 4:27
- 2. "Copper" - 5:15
- 3. "The Day They Closed the Factory Down" - 5:47
- 4. "Mail Order Annie" - 5:44
- 5. "Corey's Coming" - 8:09
- 6. "You Are the Only Song/Circle" - 3:59
# Personnel.
- Harry Chapin - guitar, vocals
- Steven Chapin - piano, vocals
- Howie Fields - drums
- Kim Scholes - cello
- Doug Walker - guitar, vocals
- John Wallace - bass, vocals | 26,457 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
Latter Days
Latter Days is a 2003 American romantic comedy-drama film about a gay relationship between a closeted Mormon missionary and his openly gay neighbor. The film was written and directed by C. Jay Cox and stars Steve Sandvoss as the missionary, Aaron, and Wes Ramsey as the neighbor, Christian. Joseph Gordon-Levitt appears as Elder Ryder, and Rebekah Johnson as Julie Taylor. Mary Kay Place, Erik Palladino, Amber Benson, and Jacqueline Bisset have supporting roles.
"Latter Days" premiered at the Philadelphia International Gay & Lesbian Film Festival on July 10, 2003 and was released in various states of USA over the next 12 months. Later the film was released in a few other countries | 26,458 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
and shown at several gay film festivals. It was the first film to portray openly the clash between the principles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and homosexuality, and its exhibition in some U.S. states was controversial. Various religious groups demanded that the film be withdrawn from theaters and video stores under boycott threats.
The film was met with mixed reactions from film critics, but was popular with most film festival attendees. At the North American box office however, "Latter Days" only made $834,685, barely covering the production's costs with an estimated budget of $850,000. In 2004, freelance writer T. Fabris made "Latter Days" into a novel, which was published | 26,459 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
by Alyson Publications.
# Plot.
Elder Aaron Davis, a young Mormon from Pocatello, Idaho, is sent to Los Angeles with three other missionaries to spread the Mormon faith. They move into an apartment next to openly gay party boy Christian Markelli and his roommate Julie, an aspiring singer. Christian and Julie work as waiters at Lila's, a trendy restaurant owned by retired actress Lila Montagne.
Christian makes a bet with his co-workers that he can seduce one of the Mormons, and soon realizes that Aaron, the most inexperienced missionary, is a closeted homosexual. Aaron and Christian become acquainted after several encounters in the apartment complex. When Christian accidentally cuts himself | 26,460 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
on a metal hose reel and faints, Aaron helps him indoors and cleans his wound. Christian attempts to seduce Aaron, but the hesitant Mormon becomes upset by Christian's remark that sex "doesn't have to mean anything." Aaron accuses him of being shallow and walks out. Worried that Aaron is correct, Christian joins Project Angel Food, delivering meals to people with AIDS.
Aaron's fellow missionary, Paul Ryder, has a cycling accident. Returning to his apartment, a distraught Aaron encounters Christian, who tries to comfort him with a hug. Both men are overwhelmed by their feelings and end up kissing, failing to notice the return of Aaron's roommates. Aaron is sent home in disgrace, leading Christian | 26,461 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
to confront Ryder, who is angry that Christian corrupted Aaron for no reason. Christian admits that he initially just wanted to win a bet, but says "it's not about that" anymore. Recognizing Christian's distress, Ryder tells him that Aaron's flight has a five-hour layover in Salt Lake City.
Christian finds Aaron standing in the snow outside the airport terminal. Christian confesses his love, and despite his misgivings, Aaron admits his own feelings of love. With all flights canceled due to a snowstorm, Christian and Aaron spend an intimate night in a motel. When Christian awakes, he finds Aaron gone. Aaron's pocket watch, a family heirloom, has been left behind. Christian returns to Los Angeles. | 26,462 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
In Idaho, Aaron is excommunicated by the church elders, led by his own father, Farron, who is the stake president. Aaron is rejected by his father and scolded by his mother, who tells him that he needs to pray for forgiveness. When Aaron suggests that he might be gay, his mother slaps him. Overwhelmed by despair, Aaron attempts suicide. He is subsequently sent by his parents to a treatment facility to be cured of his homosexuality.
Christian is desperate to find Aaron and locates his home address and phone number. Aaron's mother informs him that "Thanks to you, my son took a razor to his wrists; thanks to you I have lost my son." Believing that Aaron is dead, Christian spends the next few days | 26,463 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
thinking continually about Aaron. Julie discovers an entry about Christian's feelings in his cellphone journal and uses it as the basis for her new song. Christian travels to the Davis home in Idaho, where he tearfully returns Aaron's watch to his mother. During an encounter with Julie, she hesitantly shows him her new video, which upsets Christian, realizing that part of the lyrics came from his personal journal without his consent. Julie tells Christian that she hoped something good would come from it.
In the treatment facility, Aaron hears a female voice singing and investigates. He discovers a music video playing on television, the song performed by Julie. The video prompts Aaron to return | 26,464 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
to Los Angeles in search of Christian. Upon arriving at Christian's apartment, Aaron is heartbroken when a stranger answers the door. Thinking that Christian has returned to his party boy ways and moved on, and having nowhere else to go, Aaron makes his way to Lila's restaurant, having befriended the owner while on missionary work after her life partner died. Christian, who happens to be working there, comes out and is overjoyed to see Aaron alive. They reconcile and later celebrate Thanksgiving with Christian's co-workers. Lila tells everyone that, no matter what, they will always have "a place at my table, and a place in my heart".
# Cast.
- Steve Sandvoss as Elder Aaron Davis, a young Latter-day | 26,465 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
Saint from Pocatello, Idaho, who falls in love with Christian and must choose between his sexuality and his church. The producers auditioned a large number of people before casting Sandvoss, saying he "blew us away."
- Wes Ramsey as Christian William Markelli, an LA party boy aspiring to be an actor, Christian has his ideas of happiness and the meaning of life challenged when he falls for the simple but kind-hearted Aaron. Ramsey said on the DVD Special featurette, "The character of Christian was on so many levels intriguing to me. I was just so excited and feel very blessed to have the opportunity to tell that story through his eyes."
- Rebekah Johnson as Julie Taylor, Christian's roommate | 26,466 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
who tries to break out into the music world and on the way stop Christian from falling apart.
- Jacqueline Bisset as Lila Montagne, the owner of Lila's, a restaurant where Christian, Traci, Julie, and Andrew work. Her lover is terminally ill in hospital, but she still finds time to support Christian and Aaron with her witty and sarcastic advice. Bisset herself said, "I like humor, so I just, I really enjoyed doing all the cracks."
- Amber Benson as Traci Levine; Traci has moved from New York to LA to become an actress and works at Lila's to support herself. Traci does not like living in LA, but later admits she did not like New York much either.
- Joseph Gordon-Levitt as Elder Paul Ryder, | 26,467 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
a prickly, judgmental young missionary assigned as Aaron's partner, Ryder is not enthusiastic about being in LA and even less so about living next door to a homosexual. Gordon-Levitt originally auditioned to play Aaron, but his aggressive attitude toward the script but good sense of humor made the producers decide he was a perfect Ryder.
- Rob McElhenney as Elder Harmon, the oldest of the L.D.S. missionaries and has been assigned as their leader.
- Khary Payton as Andrew, an aspiring actor, but spends more time at Lila's gossiping and telling racy anecdotes. Andrew has been HIV positive for quite some time, but remains in good health.
- Dave Power as Elder Gilford, Harmon's missionary partner.
- | 26,468 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
Erik Palladino as Keith Griffin, a gay man dying of AIDS, drowning in his own bitterness and despair until befriended by Christian. Cox said that Palladino's performance was not how he originally envisioned it, but he could not now imagine a different person playing Keith.
- Mary Kay Place as Sister Gladys Davis, Aaron's deeply religious mother, who, despite showing unconditional love and affection toward Aaron before he leaves for Los Angeles, cannot accept the fact that her son is gay.
- Jim Ortlieb as Elder Farron Davis, Aaron's father, who serves as a Latter-day Saint Stake President in Pocatello, excommunicates Aaron from the church upon learning that he is gay. Farron is portrayed as | 26,469 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
a distant, evasive individual.
- Linda Pine as Susan Davis, the only Davis who accepts her brother's homosexuality. In a deleted scene, she tells Aaron that his homosexuality has changed nothing between them. She also discovers Aaron's suicide attempt, and in a panic, is able to save him just in time.
# Themes.
Cox has stated that the film is primarily about a love story between two characters. There is also an exploration of religious attitudes towards homosexuality, and the dilemma of religious homosexuals, torn between who they are and what they believe. A non-fiction film with similar themes that has been contrasted with "Latter Days" is "Trembling Before G-d".
Cox has also said that | 26,470 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
there is a massive irony, both in the film and in real life, that a religion so focused on the family and its importance is ripping families apart through its teaching on homosexuality. In fact, Cox believes one cannot be Mormon and gay. Nevertheless, a major theme of "Latter Days" is that there is an underlying spirituality in the world that goes beyond the rituals and dogmas of religion.
# Production.
"Latter Days" was written and directed by C. Jay Cox after the success of his previous screenplay, "Sweet Home Alabama", gave him the financial resources and critical credit to write a more personal love story. Cox based both characters – Christian and Aaron – on himself. He was raised as a | 26,471 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
Mormon and served a mission before coming out as gay, and had wondered what the two halves of himself would have said to each other if they had ever met.
"Latter Days" was filmed in several locations in Los Angeles in 24 days on an estimated $850,000 budget. After Cox had financed the search for initial backing, funding was acquired from private investors who wanted to see the film made. However producer Kirkland Tibbels still faced several bottlenecks, as financing the whole film remained difficult. It was distributed through TLA Releasing, an independent film distributor, who picked it up through its partnership with production company Funny Boy Films, which specializes in gay-themed media.
Despite | 26,472 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
coming from a Mormon background, Cox had to research details of the excommunication tribunal, which is held after Aaron is sent back to Idaho. Former Mormons told him about their experiences and provided Cox with "a pretty accurate representation, right down to the folding tables." According to Cox experienced actress Jacqueline Bisset also added valuable suggestions for improvements to the story.
Casting for the two main characters did not focus on their sexuality, but their ability "to show vulnerability". In a behind-the-scenes commentary, Steve Sandvoss explains that he did not want to play his character as a gay character, and Wes Ramsey emphasizes that the love story aspect of the film | 26,473 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
to him was detached from the character's gender. Due to several nude and kissing scenes, "Latter Days" was released unrated.
# Release.
"Latter Days" premiered at the Philadelphia International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival on July 10, 2003. The audience enjoyed the film so much that they gave it a standing ovation. When the cast came on stage, they received another standing ovation. The film had a similar reception both at OutFest a week later, and at the Palm Springs International Film Festival. The film also screened at the Seattle and Washington film festivals before being released across the United States over the following 12 months. Later the film was released in several other countries | 26,474 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
and shown at numerous gay film festivals, namely in Barcelona and Madrid (where it was also a popular pick) and Mexico City. Since its initial release it had received nine best film awards, as Cox mentioned in 2005 on a featurette included on the UK DVD.
The film was banned by Madstone Theaters, an arthouse cinema chain with nine theaters across the country, which claimed it was "not up to [our] artistic quality." The company was pressured with threatened boycotts and protests by conservative groups to withdraw their planned release. At the North American box office, "Latter Days" made $834,685 from a maximum of 19 theaters. As of January 2011, the film is the top-grossing film from its distributor | 26,475 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
TLA Releasing.
# Reception.
## Critical response.
Critics' reviews have been mixed; film review website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 45% of critics gave the film positive write-ups, based upon a sample of 44 reviews, with an average score of 5.4/10. Frank Scheck, reviewer for "The Hollywood Reporter", wrote: "Cox's screenplay, while occasionally lapsing into the sort of clichés endemic to so many gay-themed films, generally treats its unusual subject matter with dignity and complexity." Film critic Roger Ebert gave it two and a half stars out of four, declaring that the script was peopled from the "Stock Characters Store" and "the movie could have been (a) a gay love story, or (b) an attack | 26,476 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
on the Mormon Church, but is an awkward fit by trying to be (c) both at the same time". Michael Wilmington of the "Chicago Tribune" commented "this movie is often as kitschy and artificial as ... 'Sweet Home Alabama'", another film written by Cox.
Other reviewers were more favourable, such as "Toronto Sun" critic Liz Braun, who said "Latter Days" was "the most important gay male movie of the past few years." Kevin Thomas of the "Los Angeles Times" commented: "At once romantic, earthy and socially critical, "Latter Days" is a dynamic film filled with humor and pathos." Gary Booher, an editor for the LGBT Mormon organization , said "It was so realistic that it was scary. I felt exposed as the | 26,477 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
particulars of my experience and of others I know was brazenly spread across the big screen for all to behold."
# Soundtrack.
Eric Allaman scored the soundtrack to the film after shooting wrapped, and composed much of the score himself. Several scenes featuring the rapid passing of time, such as Christian's desperate search for Aaron at Salt Lake City Airport, were scored with techno style beats, and scenes with emotional content were given a more "ambient 'tronica feel". A total of three songs were written by C. Jay Cox for Rebekah Johnson to sing: "More", "Another Beautiful Day", and "Tuesday 3:00 a.m.". Allaman was very impressed with Cox's musical ability, and both men composed more songs | 26,478 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
as background music.
The official soundtrack album was released on October 26, 2004. Due to contractual reasons, Johnson did not appear on the album, and her character's songs were performed by Nita Whitaker instead.
# Novelization and other releases.
In 2004, the "Latter Days" screenplay was adapted into a novel by freelance writer T. Fabris, which was published by Alyson Publications. The book was faithful to the film, but added several extra scenes that explained confusing aspects of the film and gave more about the characters' backgrounds. For example, the reason Ryder tells Christian where to find Aaron is his own broken heart over a girl he fell in love with while on his mission training. | 26,479 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
The novel also added dialogue that had been cut out of the film: finishing, for example Christian's cry – in the film – of "That's the hand I use to..." with "masturbate with."
In France, "Latter Days" has been titled "La Tentation d'Aaron" ("The Temptation of Aaron"), and the DVD given a cover showing Aaron in a nude and suggestive pose. A new trailer was also released, which is considerably more sexual than the original. In Italy, "Latter Days" is distributed by Fourlab. The film has also been titled "Inguaribili Romantici", shown on pay-TV on Sky Show in December 2006, and then released on DVD by Fourlab's gay-themed label "OutLoud!". The film is also available in an Italian-language-dubbed | 26,480 |
1055633 | Latter Days | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latter%20Days | Latter Days
mptation of Aaron"), and the DVD given a cover showing Aaron in a nude and suggestive pose. A new trailer was also released, which is considerably more sexual than the original. In Italy, "Latter Days" is distributed by Fourlab. The film has also been titled "Inguaribili Romantici", shown on pay-TV on Sky Show in December 2006, and then released on DVD by Fourlab's gay-themed label "OutLoud!". The film is also available in an Italian-language-dubbed version.
# See also.
- List of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender-related films by storyline
- "Orgazmo"
- "The Book of Mormon"
- Portrayals of Mormons in popular media
- Homosexuality and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints | 26,481 |
1055727 | Estrada de Ferro Santos-Jundiaí | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estrada%20de%20Ferro%20Santos-Jundiaí | Estrada de Ferro Santos-Jundiaí
Estrada de Ferro Santos-Jundiaí
Estrada de Ferro Santos-Jundiaí was a gauge railway line in São Paulo, Brazil.
On 13 September 1946, the São Paulo Railway was nationalised by the federal government, and passed to be managed by the Brazilian Ministry of Transportation and Public Works (). In 1948 it was renamed and in 1957 became part of (RFFSA). It was incorporated by RFFSA in 1969.
In the 1970s, the haulage system was replaced by a three blade abt system which was installed by the Japanese firm Marubeni. The locomotives for this changeover had been constructed by Hitachi.
New locomotives (7) have been orderer in 2010 to the Swiss manufacturer Stadler Rail. The rack-and-pinion locomotives | 26,482 |
1055727 | Estrada de Ferro Santos-Jundiaí | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estrada%20de%20Ferro%20Santos-Jundiaí | Estrada de Ferro Santos-Jundiaí
FSA). It was incorporated by RFFSA in 1969.
In the 1970s, the haulage system was replaced by a three blade abt system which was installed by the Japanese firm Marubeni. The locomotives for this changeover had been constructed by Hitachi.
New locomotives (7) have been orderer in 2010 to the Swiss manufacturer Stadler Rail. The rack-and-pinion locomotives are supposed the most powerful ever built, with over 5000 kW of power they develop 760 kN of tractive force. The first unit is already undergoing testing as of June 2012. The first two units should be shipped of to Brazil by Fall in order to undergo testing on the track before the end of the year.
# See also.
- Santos City
- Jundiaí City | 26,483 |
1055737 | Anuchin (crater) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anuchin%20(crater) | Anuchin (crater)
Anuchin (crater)
Anuchin is a lunar impact crater that lies on the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. It is located to the south of the larger crater Lamb, and to the north-northwest of Kugler.
The rim of Anuchin remains relatively sharply defined, although it has been subject to wear due to subsequent impacts. The satellite crater Anuchin L lies astride the southern rim, but the otherwise the outer wall is not significantly incised. The interior floor is nearly featureless, with no central peak at the midpoint and only a few tiny craterlets. But it does not possess the darker hue of a crater interior that has been resurfaced by lava flows.
# Satellite craters.
By convention | 26,484 |
1055737 | Anuchin (crater) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anuchin%20(crater) | Anuchin (crater)
to the south of the larger crater Lamb, and to the north-northwest of Kugler.
The rim of Anuchin remains relatively sharply defined, although it has been subject to wear due to subsequent impacts. The satellite crater Anuchin L lies astride the southern rim, but the otherwise the outer wall is not significantly incised. The interior floor is nearly featureless, with no central peak at the midpoint and only a few tiny craterlets. But it does not possess the darker hue of a crater interior that has been resurfaced by lava flows.
# Satellite craters.
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Anuchin. | 26,485 |
1055748 | Sequel (album) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sequel%20(album) | Sequel (album)
Sequel (album)
Sequel is the ninth studio album by the American singer-songwriter Harry Chapin, released in 1980 (see 1980 in music). It was the last complete album released during Harry's lifetime. A tenth studio album, "The Last Protest Singer", made up of material he was working on at the time of his death, was released about seven years after he died.
The title song "Sequel" reports further events in the lives of Harry and Sue, the characters in Chapin's hit song "Taxi" and peaked at 23 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (the original went to No. 24). A follow-up single, "Story of a Life", failed to reach the Hot 100 chart (peaking at No. 105), but is historic as it was Chapin's final 45.
The | 26,486 |
1055748 | Sequel (album) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sequel%20(album) | Sequel (album)
album was later rereleased under the title "Remember When the Music" with the addition of two previously unreleased. It was rereleased with only the original ten tracks as "Storyteller" in 1999. It was also remastered in 2001 with four additional tracks.
# Track listing.
- Tracks 7-10 on side two are bonus tracks on the 2001 remastered edition
# Personnel.
- Harry Chapin – guitar, vocals
- Howard Albert – synthesizer
- Yvonne Cable – cello
- Charles Chalmers – vocals
- Sandra Chalmers – vocals
- Steve Chapin – piano, vocals
- Tom Chapin – banjo, guitar
- Howie Fields – drums
- Chuck Kirkpatrick – vocals
- Joe Lala – percussion
- Donna Rhodes – vocals
- Doug Walker – electric guitar
- | 26,487 |
1055748 | Sequel (album) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sequel%20(album) | Sequel (album)
"Remember When the Music" with the addition of two previously unreleased. It was rereleased with only the original ten tracks as "Storyteller" in 1999. It was also remastered in 2001 with four additional tracks.
# Track listing.
- Tracks 7-10 on side two are bonus tracks on the 2001 remastered edition
# Personnel.
- Harry Chapin – guitar, vocals
- Howard Albert – synthesizer
- Yvonne Cable – cello
- Charles Chalmers – vocals
- Sandra Chalmers – vocals
- Steve Chapin – piano, vocals
- Tom Chapin – banjo, guitar
- Howie Fields – drums
- Chuck Kirkpatrick – vocals
- Joe Lala – percussion
- Donna Rhodes – vocals
- Doug Walker – electric guitar
- John Wallace – bass guitar, vocals | 26,488 |
1055729 | Namaqualand | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namaqualand | Namaqualand
Namaqualand
Namaqualand () is an arid region of Namibia and South Africa, extending along the west coast over and covering a total area of . It is divided by the lower course of the Orange River into two portions – Little Namaqualand to the south and Great Namaqualand to the north.
"Little Namaqualand" is within the Namakwa District Municipality, forming part of Northern Cape Province, South Africa. It is geographically the largest district in the country, spanning over 26,836 km². A typical municipality is Kamiesberg Local Municipality. The semi-desert Succulent Karoo region experiences hot summers, sparse rainfall and cold winters.
"Great Namaqualand" is in the ǁKaras Region of Namibia. | 26,489 |
1055729 | Namaqualand | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namaqualand | Namaqualand
Great Namaqualand is sparsely populated by the Namaqua, a Khoikhoi people who traditionally inhabited the Namaqualand region.
# Tourism.
The area’s landscape ranges from an unexploited coastal strip in the west to semidesert areas in the north-east. Famed for its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, its wild flowers during spring, its wealth of minerals and cultural history, Namaqualand is a popular region for international and local tourists. The Namakwa coastline and the banks of the Orange River are popular for their hiking and 4x4 trails and routes.
The beginning of the flower season varies from year to year but it usually occurs between August and October. The natural landscape is continually | 26,490 |
1055729 | Namaqualand | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namaqualand | Namaqualand
monitored with the first sign of spring and flower season being the arrival of Namakwa daisies. When purple vygies bloom, spring is coming to an end.
The Namaqua National Park is situated west of the N7, one of South Africa’s national roads. This conservation area is a great biodiversity hotspot with the highest concentration of succulent plants of any of the world's arid regions. More than a thousand of its estimated 3 500 flora species cannot be found anywhere else in the world.
The ǀAi-ǀAis/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park, on the border of Namibia and South Africa, was known as the Richtersveld National Park in South Africa and the ǀAi-ǀAis Hot Springs Game Park in Namibia before the two | 26,491 |
1055729 | Namaqualand | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namaqualand | Namaqualand
parks were formerly combined in August 2003. What was once the Richtersveld National Park nurtures about 30% of South Africa’s succulent species.
# Drainage.
Some of the more prominent towns in this area are Springbok, being the capital of this region, as well as Kleinzee and Koiingnaas, both private mining towns owned by De Beers Diamond Mines. This area is quite rich in alluvial diamonds deposited along the coast by the Orange River. Oranjemund is another mining town along this coast, situated in Namibia, but very much on the border. As the name suggests, it is at the mouth of the Orange River which forms the border between South Africa and Namibia. The town of Alexander Bay is located away | 26,492 |
1055729 | Namaqualand | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namaqualand | Namaqualand
opposite the river on the South African side and is linked to Oranjemund by the Ernest Oppenheimer Bridge. Other links crossing the river further upstream are a reintroduced pontoon at Sendelingsdrift in the Richtersveld National Park, and road bridges at Vioolsdrif (the main border crossing between the two countries) and at the remote border crossing of Onseepkans.
A vibrant fishing industry is found along this stretch of the South African west coast, especially in Port Nolloth, the major resort town of Namaqualand, and Hondeklipbaai, or Dogstonebay, called such because of a large boulder outside the town which, when viewed correctly, looks vaguely like a dog sitting down. Since the 19th century, | 26,493 |
1055729 | Namaqualand | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namaqualand | Namaqualand
copper has been mined at Springbok and its surrounding towns, while a large mine extracting copper, lead, zinc, and silver is located at Aggeneys, further inland.
# People.
The region is known for its cultural history, which was preserved by the Nama and Khoisan tribes. The Nama people are the largest group of Khoikhoi people. About 80% of the population were brutally killed by the German Empire between 1904 and 1907 in a racial extermination during the Herero and Namaqua genocide. Nama people traditionally speak the Khoekhoe language.
# See also.
- Letterklip
- "Mafuta"
- Namaqualand Railway
# External links.
- Namakwa Region – Northern Cape Tourism
- Namakwa District Municipality | 26,494 |
1055725 | SEAT Altea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SEAT%20Altea | SEAT Altea
SEAT Altea
The SEAT Altea is a compact multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) produced by the Spanish automaker SEAT from 2004 to 2015. The vehicle was designed by the Italian Walter de Silva, and was launched in 2004, as the first example of SEAT's new corporate look. The third generation Toledo was identical, except for the addition of a larger boot. It was launched at the 2004 Geneva Motor Show.
Another extended version, the Altea XL, is also available (having been first presented at the 2006 Paris Motor Show). In 2007, the Altea Freetrack, with 4WD and higher suspension, was released.
On 21 August 2015, SEAT announced that the Altea and Altea XL had been discontinued. Although no direct replacement | 26,495 |
1055725 | SEAT Altea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SEAT%20Altea | SEAT Altea
for the Altea was planned, SEAT is following the global shift from MPVs to SUVs, by launching its own SUV model based on the SEAT León. In February 2016, the Ateca was launched, which was the successor to the Altea according to CEO Luca de Meo: ""For us, the Ateca is the replacement of the Altea.""
SEAT sold a total of 439 Altea models in the United Kingdom during 2014, and 445 Altea XLs.
# Overview.
The Altea was released a few years after many of its competitors arriving on the scene, but it was expected to sell well. However, it exceeded expectations, and 31,223 Alteas were sold within the first year. It is a family oriented five seater, which attempts to portray a more sporty image than | 26,496 |
1055725 | SEAT Altea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SEAT%20Altea | SEAT Altea
most of its rivals. The car is based on Volkswagen Group's A5 (PQ35) platform.
An unusual design feature is the 'vertical parked' windscreen wipers, which are designed to improve pedestrian safety. They disappear in to the window surround either side of the screen. The effect is a completely cleanly swept windscreen, but does mean the 'A pillars' are rather wide and cause a blind spot.
There were six trim levels: Essence, Reference, Reference Sport, Stylance, Sport (no longer available in the United Kingdom) and FR. Internal combustion engines are available, with the range topping 2.0 FR Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) delivering , available since April 2006.
There are four gearboxes | 26,497 |
1055725 | SEAT Altea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SEAT%20Altea | SEAT Altea
available (depending on market and engine); five or six speed manual, five speed tiptronic automatic, and six or seven speed Direct-Shift Gearbox. It is named after the Spanish city of Altea.
In March 2014, "Auto Express" reported that SEAT were working on a family of SUVs, with an estimated release date of 2016, to be based on the same platform as the SEAT León. This proved to be exact, with the launch of the SEAT Ateca SUV in 2016.
# Safety.
In 2004, the SEAT Altea was tested for its safety performance under the Euro NCAP assessment scheme and it achieved a five star overall rating:
- Adult occupant
- Child occupant
- Pedestrian
# Awards.
- "Red dot: best of the best" design award, | 26,498 |
1055725 | SEAT Altea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SEAT%20Altea | SEAT Altea
from the Nordrhein Westfalen (Germany) Design Centre
- 'The World's Most Beautiful Automobile 2004', in Milan
- 'Autonis' Design Award, by the "Auto-Strassenverkehr" and "MOT" magazines
- 'Best Concept Car in 2003', by the Designers (Europe) organisation (for the SEAT Altea Prototipo)
- 'Towncar of the Year' Award, by Caravan Club in collaboration with the English magazine "What Car?"
- 'Auto Trophy' 2004 and 2005, by the German car magazine "Autozeitung"
- “XII Edición de los Premios del Motor” 2005 award by the Spanish magazine "Telva"
- 'Coche de Flotas del Año' 2005 award by the Spanish magazine "Flotas"
- 'Ampe' award in 2005 in the Internet category
# Powertrain.
The following | 26,499 |
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