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1055725 | SEAT Altea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SEAT%20Altea | SEAT Altea
powertrain specifications are available:
A flexible-fuel vehicle model was also on offer under the label "MultiFuel", featuring the 1.6 MPI E85 102 bhp engine.
# Seat Altea XL/Freetrack.
The SEAT Altea XL is an longer variant of the normal SEAT Altea, a five door five seat compact multi purpose vehicle (MPV), with increased luggage capacity compared to the standard Altea. It was launched at the Paris Motor Show in September 2006.
The SEAT Altea Freetrack is dimensionally similar to the Altea XL, but is designed as compact sport-utility vehicle (SUV). It features raised suspension for increased ground clearance and larger plastic bumpers, and plastic wheel arch and sill extensions, which | 26,500 |
1055725 | SEAT Altea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SEAT%20Altea | SEAT Altea
all increase its exterior dimensions.
All versions of the Freetrack, except the 2.0 Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) 2WD, are equipped with a Haldex Traction based on demand four-wheel drive (4WD). The 4WD versions are also called Seat Altea 4. In Mexico and Russia, the SEAT Altea Freetrack is marketed simply as the SEAT Freetrack.
Although the Freetrack is available with 4WD, it is not marketed by SEAT as an "SUV". However, the Freetrack could be seen as a competitor for small SUVs from other marques. The possible internal combustion engine choices are almost the same as for the normal Altea. When the car was launched, it was available in a very uncommon intense yellow.
This colour was | 26,501 |
1055725 | SEAT Altea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SEAT%20Altea | SEAT Altea
from other marques. The possible internal combustion engine choices are almost the same as for the normal Altea. When the car was launched, it was available in a very uncommon intense yellow.
This colour was also seen on models in several promotional brochures. The colour scheme was no longer available by August 2010.
## Awards.
- "Altea 2006 Award", by the Asociación de Telespectadores de la Comunidad de Andalucía
## Powertrain.
The following powertrain options are available, with certain configurations utilising Volkswagen Groups highly regarded Direct-Shift Gearbox (DSG):
A flexible-fuel vehicle model was also on offer, under the label "MultiFuel", featuring the 1.6 MPI E85 engine. | 26,502 |
1055752 | George Kirbye | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George%20Kirbye | George Kirbye
George Kirbye
George Kirbye (c. 1565 – buried 6 October 1634) was an English composer of the late Tudor period and early Jacobean era. He was one of the members of the English Madrigal School, but also composed sacred music.
Little is known of the details of his life, though some of his contacts can be inferred. He worked at Rushbrooke Hall near Bury St Edmunds, evidently as a tutor to the daughters of Sir Robert Jermyn. In 1598 he married Anne Saxye, afterwards moving to Bury St Edmunds. Around this time he probably made the acquaintance of John Wilbye, a much more famous madrigalist, who lived and worked only a few miles away, and whose style he sometimes approaches. In 1626 his wife died, | 26,503 |
1055752 | George Kirbye | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George%20Kirbye | George Kirbye
and he is known to have been a churchwarden during the next several years until his death.
Kirbye's most significant musical contributions were the psalm settings he wrote for East's psalter in 1592, the madrigals he wrote for the "Triumphs of Oriana" (1601), the famous collection dedicated to Elizabeth I, and an independent set of madrigals published in 1597. Stylistically his madrigals have more in common with the Italian models provided by Marenzio than do many of the others by his countrymen: they tend to be serious, in a minor mode, and show a careful attention to text setting; unlike Marenzio, however, he is restrained in his specific imagery.
Kirbye avoided the light style of Morley, | 26,504 |
1055752 | George Kirbye | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George%20Kirbye | George Kirbye
iana" (1601), the famous collection dedicated to Elizabeth I, and an independent set of madrigals published in 1597. Stylistically his madrigals have more in common with the Italian models provided by Marenzio than do many of the others by his countrymen: they tend to be serious, in a minor mode, and show a careful attention to text setting; unlike Marenzio, however, he is restrained in his specific imagery.
Kirbye avoided the light style of Morley, which was hugely popular, and brought into the madrigal serious style of pre-madrigal English music. He is not as often sung as Morley, Weelkes or Wilbye, but neither was he as prolific; still, some of his madrigals appear in modern collections. | 26,505 |
1055751 | Dagger of the Mind | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dagger%20of%20the%20Mind | Dagger of the Mind
Dagger of the Mind
"Dagger of the Mind" is the ninth episode of the of the American science fiction television series, "". Written by Shimon Wincelberg (under the pen name "S. Bar-David") and directed by Vincent McEveety, it first aired on November 3, 1966.
The USS "Enterprise" visits a rehabilitation facility for the criminally insane where a new treatment has horrifying results.
This episode introduces the Vulcan mind meld.
The title is taken from a soliloquy by the title character in William Shakespeare's play "Macbeth".
# Plot.
The "Enterprise", commanded by James T. Kirk, makes a supply run to planet Tantalus V, a colony where the criminally insane are confined for treatment. The facility's | 26,506 |
1055751 | Dagger of the Mind | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dagger%20of%20the%20Mind | Dagger of the Mind
director is Dr. Tristan Adams, a psychiatrist famous for advocating more humane treatment of such patients. After the "Enterprise" delivers supplies and receives cargo from Tantalus, a man emerges from one of the containers taken aboard and assaults a technician. Reaching the bridge, the intruder demands asylum, but Spock subdues him with a Vulcan nerve pinch. In sickbay, the intruder identifies himself as Simon van Gelder, and a computer check reveals that he is not a patient, but Dr. Adams' assistant.
When they inform Tantalus of van Gelder's capture, Dr. Adams claims that van Gelder's use of an experimental treatment device on himself is responsible for his disturbed condition. McCoy, suspicious, | 26,507 |
1055751 | Dagger of the Mind | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dagger%20of%20the%20Mind | Dagger of the Mind
urges Kirk to investigate. Kirk transports down to the colony with one of the ship's psychiatrists, Dr. Helen Noel.
Adams introduces them to a strangely emotionless staff member, Lethe, and gives Kirk and Noel a tour of the colony. Although he is affable and accommodating, his staff, like Lethe, all seem lacking in affect. Adams shows Kirk and Noel the treatment device he referred to: an experimental "neural neutralizer". According to Adams, van Gelder tested the device on himself, with horrifying results. He further claims that the machine, harmless at low intensity, is used only to calm agitated inmates. Noel is satisfied with his explanation, but Kirk remains suspicious.
On the "Enterprise" | 26,508 |
1055751 | Dagger of the Mind | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dagger%20of%20the%20Mind | Dagger of the Mind
van Gelder becomes increasingly frantic, warning that the landing party is in danger, but when he tries to explain the danger and refers to the neural neutralizer, he is convulsed with pain. Spock mind-melds with van Gelder, to enable him to tell his story. Spock learns that the neural neutralizer can empty a mind of thoughts, leaving only an unbearable feeling of loneliness, and that Adams has been using it on inmates and staff to gain total control of their minds. The first officer assembles a security team, but the colony's force field blocks transport and communication.
Unaware of events on the ship, Kirk decides to test the neutralizer on himself, with Noel at the controls. She finds that | 26,509 |
1055751 | Dagger of the Mind | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dagger%20of%20the%20Mind | Dagger of the Mind
she can easily implant thoughts into Kirk's mind, even altering his memory of a recent Christmas-party encounter between the two of them. Adams then appears, overpowers Noel, seizes the controls, increases the neutralizer's intensity, and proceeds to convince Kirk that he has been madly in love with Noel for years. Kirk and Noel are then confined to their quarters.
On Kirk's orders, Noel enters the facility's physical plant through a ventilation duct, and interrupts Kirk's next neutralizer session by shutting off power to the entire complex. Freed from the neutralizer, Kirk attacks Adams, leaving him alone and unconscious in the treatment room. A guard discovers Noel's sabotage, restoring power | 26,510 |
1055751 | Dagger of the Mind | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dagger%20of%20the%20Mind | Dagger of the Mind
before turning his attention to her. She surprises him with a well aimed kick, propelling him into the circuitry and electrocuting him, and shuts off the power again. With the force field now off, Spock beams down to the planet, disables the force field, and restores power to the colony. This reactivates the neural neutralizer, which empties Adams' mind completely, killing him.
Back on the "Enterprise", Kirk is informed that van Gelder has destroyed the neural neutralizer. McCoy is surprised that loneliness could be lethal, but Kirk, after his experience, is not.
# Reception.
In 2010, "SciFiNow" ranked this the eighth best episode of the original series.
Zack Handlen of "The A.V. Club" gave | 26,511 |
1055751 | Dagger of the Mind | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dagger%20of%20the%20Mind | Dagger of the Mind
the episode a "B" rating, noting that the episode had "a handful of excellent moments (the mind-meld, that damn booth) that don't fit as well as they should". Handlen noted Kirk and Noel's relationship as the plot's "weakest element", and that Adams did not make a compelling villain. On the other hand, he felt that Nimoy made Spock's mind meld sequence "fairly effective". The booth and its effect on Adams were also cited as memorable moments in the episode.
This episode is noted as one of the 19 times Kirk kisses another character on the show. In this case there is an on-screen kiss between Kirk and Dr. Helen.
# Legacy and influence.
- In articles in the magazines "Starlog" and "Entertainment | 26,512 |
1055751 | Dagger of the Mind | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dagger%20of%20the%20Mind | Dagger of the Mind
Weekly", actor Morgan Woodward called the role of Dr. Simon Van Gelder the most physically and emotionally exhausting acting job of his career. Desperate to get out of Westerns and expand his range, he was cast against type for this episode and was so well regarded that he came on board next season to play the tragic Capt. Ronald Tracey in "The Omega Glory". Playing Van Gelder did take its toll on his personal life, as he confesses that for three weeks afterwards he was anti-social towards friends and family. He is grateful that this episode opened up whole new opportunities for him.
- The second-season "South Park" episode "Roger Ebert Should Lay Off the Fatty Foods" is a parody of this episode.
# | 26,513 |
1055751 | Dagger of the Mind | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dagger%20of%20the%20Mind | Dagger of the Mind
expand his range, he was cast against type for this episode and was so well regarded that he came on board next season to play the tragic Capt. Ronald Tracey in "The Omega Glory". Playing Van Gelder did take its toll on his personal life, as he confesses that for three weeks afterwards he was anti-social towards friends and family. He is grateful that this episode opened up whole new opportunities for him.
- The second-season "South Park" episode "Roger Ebert Should Lay Off the Fatty Foods" is a parody of this episode.
# External links.
- "Dagger of the Mind" Side-by-side comparisons before and after remastering at TrekMovie.com
- "Dagger of the Mind" Full Episode for viewing at CBS.com | 26,514 |
1055766 | Baade (crater) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baade%20(crater) | Baade (crater)
Baade (crater)
Baade is a lunar impact crater that is located near the southwest limb of the Moon on the near side, to the southwest of the enormous Mare Orientale impact basin. The area to the east of this crater forms the junction between the 280-km-long Vallis Bouvard to the north and the narrower, 160-km-long Vallis Baade to the south-southeast. Both valleys radiate away from the impact basin to the north.
The outer wall of Baade remains sharp-edged, with little appearance of erosion due to subsequent impacts. The rim is generally circular, with some terracing of the inner wall. The crater interior is rough and irregular, with a generally bowl-shaped appearance that lacks a sharply defined | 26,515 |
1055766 | Baade (crater) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baade%20(crater) | Baade (crater)
rater forms the junction between the 280-km-long Vallis Bouvard to the north and the narrower, 160-km-long Vallis Baade to the south-southeast. Both valleys radiate away from the impact basin to the north.
The outer wall of Baade remains sharp-edged, with little appearance of erosion due to subsequent impacts. The rim is generally circular, with some terracing of the inner wall. The crater interior is rough and irregular, with a generally bowl-shaped appearance that lacks a sharply defined floor. There is no central peak at the midpoint of the interior, and no craterlets of note mark the surface.
This crater lies within the Mendel-Rydberg Basin, a 630 km wide impact basin of Nectarian age. | 26,516 |
1055773 | Babakin (lunar crater) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babakin%20(lunar%20crater) | Babakin (lunar crater)
Babakin (lunar crater)
Babakin is a small lunar impact crater that is located in the southern part of the walled basin Fermi on the far side of the Moon. The crater rim is symmetrical, circular and sharp-edged, with only some minor erosion and a slight depression along the northern edge. The interior walls slope downward gently toward the center.
# External links.
- LTO-101B4 Babakin — L&PI topographic map of crater and vicinity. | 26,517 |
1055714 | Come as You Are (Nirvana song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come%20as%20You%20Are%20(Nirvana%20song) | Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
"Come as You Are" is a song by American grunge band Nirvana, written by frontman Kurt Cobain and released as the second single from the band's second studio album "Nevermind" in March 1992. It was the band's second American top 40 hit, and second UK top 10 hit, reaching number 32 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, and number nine on the UK Singles Chart.
The unexpected success of the album's lead single, "Smells Like Teen Spirit" drew Nirvana to mainstream success, with "Nevermind" being released two weeks after the single's release. Following the album's release, the band and its management company debated whether to release "Come as You Are" or "In Bloom" as the next | 26,518 |
1055714 | Come as You Are (Nirvana song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come%20as%20You%20Are%20(Nirvana%20song) | Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
single from the album due to Cobain's concerns over similarity of the former with the Killing Joke song "Eighties" (1984). After some persuasion by the management company, Cobain agreed to release "Come as You Are" as the second single because of its commercial potential. Killing Joke were upset over the song, and there were rumors that a lawsuit had been filed over the song, though the suit never materialized. Killing Joke guitarist Geordie Walker was said to be upset about the whole situation, and he felt that Nirvana (which according to Walker denied the connection between the songs) handled the matter poorly.
The music video for "Come as You Are" was directed by Kevin Kerslake, who drew | 26,519 |
1055714 | Come as You Are (Nirvana song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come%20as%20You%20Are%20(Nirvana%20song) | Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
inspiration for it from the cover artwork of "Nevermind". "Rolling Stone" ranked "Come as You Are" 445th on its list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time", and it placed 452nd on the 2010 edition of the list.
# Background and recording.
"Come as You Are" was one of the few new songs Nirvana recorded onto the rehearsal tape the group sent to producer Butch Vig prior to the recording of "Nevermind" in 1991. The group recorded the song with Vig during album sessions at Sound City Studios in Van Nuys, California, in early 1991. Cobain recorded his guitar solo in two takes, as well as three takes of vocals, of which the first was used. Vig then asked Cobain to double track his vocals throughout | 26,520 |
1055714 | Come as You Are (Nirvana song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come%20as%20You%20Are%20(Nirvana%20song) | Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
the entire song. During the harmony overdub session, Cobain accidentally sang the phrase "And I don't have a gun" too early, appearing the fourth time he sings the word "memoria" after the guitar solo. When this mistake was discovered, Cobain decided to keep it in the final recording. Vig sampled Cobain singing "memoria" from the middle of the song and placed it in the background of the song near the end twice. The band also performed an acoustic version of the song on MTV Unplugged on November 18, 1993. The recording later appeared on "MTV Unplugged in New York" in November 1994.
The origin of the song's title is unclear, but Charles R. Cross speculated the song may have been named after a | 26,521 |
1055714 | Come as You Are (Nirvana song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come%20as%20You%20Are%20(Nirvana%20song) | Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
motto used by the Morck Hotel in Cobain's hometown of Aberdeen, Washington. The Morck was one of many places Cobain stayed in after leaving home for a time while he was seventeen years old.
# Composition and lyrics.
"Come as You Are" is an alternative rock song that lasts for a duration of three minutes and thirty-eight seconds. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by BMG Rights Management, it is written in the time signature of common time, with a heavy rock tempo of 120 beats per minute. "Come as You Are" is composed in the key of E Minor, while Kurt Cobain's vocal range spans one octave and one note, from a low of E to a high of F. The song alternates between the chords | 26,522 |
1055714 | Come as You Are (Nirvana song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come%20as%20You%20Are%20(Nirvana%20song) | Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
of Em and D during the verses and E and G in the pre-chorus, while at the refrain it changes to the chord progression of Am–C. It begins with Cobain playing an unaccompanied guitar riff for eight seconds. Cobain used an Electro-Harmonix Small Clone guitar chorus pedal to give his instrument a "watery" tone during the verses and pre-choruses. He is joined by the rest of the band for the first verse, which is moody and subdued. Once the band reaches the chorus, the song reaches full volume. The shift in dynamics is a technique Nirvana used on many of its songs. The song features one of Cobain's longest guitar solos. "Kurt really did not play a lot of solos," Vig said. "This one is more of a melodic | 26,523 |
1055714 | Come as You Are (Nirvana song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come%20as%20You%20Are%20(Nirvana%20song) | Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
part based on the vocal melody. It's not trying to show off pyrotechnics. It complements the melody of the song."
Cobain described the lyrics of "Come as You Are" as contradictory, and said the song was about "people and what they're expected to act like". Pointing to the line "Take your time, hurry up, choice is yours, don't be late", essayist Catherine J. Creswell writes that in Cobain's lyrics, clump into strings of empty clichés whose own ostensible meaning is forced into contradictions or simple rhyme sound". In light of Cobain's suicide in 1994, Allmusic's Mark Deming suggests that hearing "Cobain sing 'and I swear that I don't have a gun' gives 'Come as You Are' an edge it was never | 26,524 |
1055714 | Come as You Are (Nirvana song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come%20as%20You%20Are%20(Nirvana%20song) | Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
meant to have when ["Nevermind"] was first released in 1991." Deming reasons that the "I don't have a gun" lyric is Cobain's "attempt to reassure listeners that ... his target is the world at large rather than the individuals in it, and that there was still room in this damaged world for everyone".
# Release.
Wary of the similarity between the main riff of "Come as You Are" and English post-punk band Killing Joke's 1984 single "Eighties", Nirvana and its management were unsure about releasing the song as the second single from "Nevermind". Danny Goldberg, head of Nirvana's management Gold Mountain, later revealed that "[w]e couldn't decide between 'Come as You Are' and 'In Bloom.' Kurt was | 26,525 |
1055714 | Come as You Are (Nirvana song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come%20as%20You%20Are%20(Nirvana%20song) | Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
nervous about 'Come as You Are' because it was too similar to a Killing Joke song but we all thought it was still the better song to go with. And, he was right, Killing Joke later did complain about it." Nirvana biographer Everett True writes that "Come as You Are" was eventually chosen for release as a single because "Goldberg favoured the more obviously commercial song".
It was anticipated that the first single from "Nevermind", "Smells Like Teen Spirit", would be a "base-building alternative cut", while "Come as You Are" would be able to cross over into other radio formats. However, "Smells Like Teen Spirit" became a surprise hit and boosted the band's popularity, whereas "Come as You Are" | 26,526 |
1055714 | Come as You Are (Nirvana song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come%20as%20You%20Are%20(Nirvana%20song) | Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
served to maintain it. After its release as a single in March 1992, "Come as You Are" peaked at number 32 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. The single stayed on the chart for 18 weeks. The song also reached number three on the "Billboard" Mainstream and Modern Rock Tracks charts. The single also broke the top 10 of the UK Singles Chart, peaking at the ninth spot. This song ranked number 82 in "Blender"s "The 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born", and 452nd on Rolling Stone's "500 Greatest Songs of All Time".
Although members of Killing Joke claimed the main guitar riff of "Come as You Are" plagiarized the riff of "Eighties", the band reportedly did not file a copyright infringement lawsuit, which | 26,527 |
1055714 | Come as You Are (Nirvana song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come%20as%20You%20Are%20(Nirvana%20song) | Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
"Rolling Stone" magazine attributes to "personal and financial reasons". However, conflicting reports state that Killing Joke did file a lawsuit but that it was either thrown out of court, or that it was dropped following Cobain's death. Geordie Walker, Killing Joke's guitar player, said that the band was "very pissed off about that, but it's obvious to everyone. We had two separate musicologists' reports saying it was. Our publisher sent their publisher a letter saying it was and they went 'Boo, never heard of ya!', but the hysterical thing about Nirvana saying they'd never heard of us was that they'd already sent us a Christmas card!"
Later it was also noted that a third song, The Damned's | 26,528 |
1055714 | Come as You Are (Nirvana song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come%20as%20You%20Are%20(Nirvana%20song) | Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
"Life Goes On", pre-dated both and contained a similar riff to both songs. The Damned were an English gothic punk band and released their song in 1982.
In 1999 "Come as You Are" was voted in at number 49 in "Kerrang!" magazine's "100 Greatest Rock Tracks Ever!". As of April 2016, according to "Business Insider", "Come as You Are" was the sixth most streamed song from the 1990s on Spotify.
# Music video.
The music video was directed by Kevin Kerslake, who later directed the videos for "Lithium", "In Bloom", and "Sliver", as well as Pantera's music video for "This Love". After the unsatisfactory experience filming the "Smells Like Teen Spirit" video with Samuel Bayer, Cobain selected Kerslake | 26,529 |
1055714 | Come as You Are (Nirvana song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come%20as%20You%20Are%20(Nirvana%20song) | Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
due to his impressionistic style. Cobain was unable to formulate any ideas beyond homaging the "Nevermind" album cover and including "a lot of purples and reds", so he let Kerslake conceptualize the clip. The band shot outdoor footage in a park in Hollywood Hills a few days prior to the main video shoot. Kerslake projected this footage in the background of many shots in the main part of the video.
The video features the band in a dark room, where the appearance of falling water in front of the band distorts and blurs the band members' faces (an idea suggested by Cobain). Throughout the video, clips such as cells multiplying at an incredible rate, to a living organism in its embryotic stages | 26,530 |
1055714 | Come as You Are (Nirvana song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come%20as%20You%20Are%20(Nirvana%20song) | Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
are shown. The video clip also features Kurt Cobain swinging away on a chandelier throughout the room, and water begins to flow into the room. In addition, the video shows parts involving a dog wearing a cone collar, along with a baby swimming underwater (a reference to the cover of "Nevermind") and a pistol floating. Towards the end, a clip of the band appears, with Cobain in the front, lying on the ground and kissing the camera.
# In popular culture.
In 2005, a sign was put up in Aberdeen, Washington, Cobain's hometown, that reads "Welcome to Aberdeen: Come As You Are" as a tribute to Cobain. The sign was paid for and created by the Kurt Cobain Memorial Committee, a non-profit organization | 26,531 |
1055714 | Come as You Are (Nirvana song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come%20as%20You%20Are%20(Nirvana%20song) | Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
created in May 2004 to honor Cobain. Founded by author Jeff Burlingame and Aberdeen City Councilman Paul Fritts, the Committee also plans to create a Kurt Cobain Memorial Park and a youth center in Aberdeen.
The 2016 film "As You Are" was named after the Nirvana track. The plot "revolves around a trio of high schoolers in the 1990s, trying to find their way through the difficult maze of adolescence."
A remix of the song was used for trailers of Marvel's 2017 Netflix series "The Defenders".
It also made an appearance in the 2019 film "Captain Marvel", and subsequently peaked at number 11 on the "Billboard" Hot Rock Songs chart with a 267 percent increase to 2000 downloads sold and a 30 percent | 26,532 |
1055714 | Come as You Are (Nirvana song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come%20as%20You%20Are%20(Nirvana%20song) | Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
increase to 2.8 million US streams in week ending March 14, 2019.
The song "Adam's Song" by Blink-182 references "Come as You Are." "Come as You Are" features the lyrics, "Take your time, hurry up, the choice is yours, don't be late," while "Adam's Song," in turn, features the lyrics, "I took my time, I hurried up, the choice was mine, I didn't think enough."
# Track listing.
- 1. "Come as You Are" (Cobain) – 3:38
- 2. "Endless, Nameless" (Cobain; Nirvana) – 6:40
- 3. "School" [live – Seattle – 31 October 1991] (Cobain) – 2:31
- 4. "Drain You" [live – Seattle – 31 October 1991] (Cobain) – 3:35
# Personnel.
- Kurt Cobain: vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar
- Krist Novoselic: bass | 26,533 |
1055714 | Come as You Are (Nirvana song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come%20as%20You%20Are%20(Nirvana%20song) | Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
guitar
- Dave Grohl: drums
- Butch Vig: recording and mixing engineer, producer
# Covers.
- Elvis impersonator James Brown's cover of the song was featured on his inaugural album "Gravelands".
- Little Roy did a reggae version on the album titled "Battle for Seattle".
- Evan Peters did a cover of this song on "" in the episode "Test of Strength".
- The Lifetime original program "Witches of East End" featured a cover by Masha for the first season's promos.
- The song was covered by The Vibrators for the album "".
- Caetano Veloso made a cover of the song in his album "A foreign sound".
- Jazz guitarist Charlie Hunter covered the song on his trio's 1995 album "Bing, Bing, Bing!".
- | 26,534 |
1055714 | Come as You Are (Nirvana song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come%20as%20You%20Are%20(Nirvana%20song) | Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
The second episode of the television show "Defiance" ends with a cover of "Come as You Are" by Civil Twilight.
- Polish-English rapper Popek recorded in 2014 Trap version of the song in his own arrangement.
- Scottish rock band Glasvegas covered the song for the b-side of single "Daddy's Gone".
- One of the trailers for the 2016 game "Quantum Break" featured a cover by Prep School.
- New Zealand synth-pop artist Princess Chelsea included a cover of the song on her 2016 album Aftertouch.
- WCW Debuted a theme song called "Raven" for the wrestler with the same name that sounded similar to "Come as you Are"
# References.
- Azerrad, Michael. "". Doubleday: New York, 1994.
- Berkenstadt, | 26,535 |
1055714 | Come as You Are (Nirvana song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come%20as%20You%20Are%20(Nirvana%20song) | Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
on of the song in his own arrangement.
- Scottish rock band Glasvegas covered the song for the b-side of single "Daddy's Gone".
- One of the trailers for the 2016 game "Quantum Break" featured a cover by Prep School.
- New Zealand synth-pop artist Princess Chelsea included a cover of the song on her 2016 album Aftertouch.
- WCW Debuted a theme song called "Raven" for the wrestler with the same name that sounded similar to "Come as you Are"
# References.
- Azerrad, Michael. "". Doubleday: New York, 1994.
- Berkenstadt, Jim; Cross, Charles. "Classic Rock Albums: Nevermind". Schirmer, 1998.
- True, Everett. "Nirvana: The Biography". Da Capo Press, 2007.
# External links.
- at Allmusic | 26,536 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
Rouen Business School
The Rouen Business School () was a leading French business school.
It was founded in 1871 and on 24 April 2013, Rouen Business School and Reims Management School announced the merger of the two Schools into a single entity - NEOMA Business School.
Rouen Business School's quality is recognised by its "triple-crown" accreditations (AACSB, AMBA, EQUIS) and its "Financial Times"' ranking 13th position best European Master in Management. The "Financial Times" also highlights the particular quality of the education it provides in finance, ranking the "Grande Ecole" program 8th best in Europe and 4th best in France.
# History.
Established in 1871 in the then-vibrant industrial | 26,537 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
city of Rouen, it is the second business school to be created in France.
Groupe ESC Rouen was formed in 1996, gathering together four independent schools, all managed and financed mainly by the Rouen Chamber of Commerce and Industry. These schools are ESC Rouen, the leading school of the group, IFI, ISPP and ECAL - each school having a distinctive mission and student base.
ESC Rouen is a founding member of the Chapitre des Ecoles du Management de la Conférence des Grandes Ecoles (Chapter of Management Schools belonging to the Conférence des Grandes Ecoles). The school is also a member of EFMD (European Foundation for Management Development) and AACSB (International Association for Management | 26,538 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
Education).
ESC Rouen received EQUIS accreditation from the European Foundation for Management Development for a second time in May 2005. Later, the school has received AACSB and AMBA accreditations.
# Ranking.
"Financial Times" (2007) - The ESC Rouen Grande Ecole Programme is ranked 13th position best European Master in Management. The "Financial Times" also highlights the quality of the formation in finance ranking the ESC Rouen Grande Ecole Programme 8th best school in Europe and 4th best school in France.
ESC Rouen is also consistently ranked among the top-10 French business schools.
"Le Nouvel Economist" (2007) - 7th position
"L'Expansion" (2006) - 6th position relating to best starting | 26,539 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
salary and three years after graduating
"Challenges" (December 2005) - 6th position
"Capital" (2004) - 5th position for starting salaries for business school graduates
# Campus.
62 full-time professors (180 overall)
1340 student and 2600 in the ESC Rouen Groupe
Budget: 28 million euros
# Training offered.
Graduate programme (Flagship Diploma)
The Grande Ecole Programme is organised in two sections (Bachelor and Master), and is perfectly adapted to international mobility. Its mission is to receive a growing number of foreign students. The Masters section, covering four semesters, includes one semester of internship and a study period in one of our partner universities. It ends up with | 26,540 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
a ‘major’, which is a genuine interface with the international job market. The ‘European tracks’ which are one semester longer, allow students to study in three or four different European Union countries. They widen the horizons and the employment prospects in those domains in which the ESC Rouen specialises, particularly in its two areas of excellence : finance and international marketing.
Management teaching programme over seven semesters, with a strong international dimension and adapted to the demands of each student.
Recruitment after preparatory classes (ECRICOME entrance exam and UNIVERSA for international students) and as parallel admission after a course up to Bac+2 or Bac+3/4 (Tremplin | 26,541 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
1 and Tremplin2).
The Grande Ecole programme complies with the requirements of the Bologna Process.
## Undergraduate programmes.
"IFI" (created in 1986) offers a 4-year programme specialising in international business. This leads to a Bachelor of Business Administration degree, with a specialisation in either International Marketing or International Management. IFI has the highest accreditation of the Ministry of Education, which is called the "visa".
"ISPP" (created in 1977) offers a 3-year Bachelor of Arts programme in Management (with specialisations in Sales Management, Tourism, Logistics and Retailing). ISPP has the highest accreditation of the Ministry of Education ("visa").
"ECAL" | 26,542 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
(created in 1962) offers a 2-year programme in Retailing Management, with students being accepted after having already completed two years of post-secondary education.
## Postgraduate programmes.
"Specialised Masters":
The Rouen School of Management offers specialised masters courses accredited by the Conférence des Grandes Ecoles, as well as an MBA. Teaching is either full-time in Rouen or part-time in Paris.
By setting up a centre in Paris, the Rouen School of Management is confirming its determination to develop its range of part-time postgraduate programmes.
"Specialised Masters Part Time in Paris" (MBA Center - 23 rue d'Anjou - 75008 Paris):
- Market Research and Marketing Management
- | 26,543 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
Marketing of Products for Children and Young Consumers
- Corporate Communication Strategy
"Specialised Masters Full Time in Rouen":
- Market Research and Marketing Management
- International Financial Management
- Management Strategy for International Development
- Master of Science in European Management
- Master of Science in Business Information Systems
- Master of Science in Financial Markets
"MBA - Master in Business Administration"
- MSc in European Management : a one-year programme conducted in English and open to students who have 4-year bachelor's degrees.
- Rouen Normandy MBA : a 12 – 16-month programme taught in English.
# ESC Rouen - Grande Ecole Programme.
13 specialised | 26,544 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
majors in the 3rd year (Grande Ecole Programme). The 13 majors are designed jointly with European partner universities and are taught by international teams. They are offered to students in the 3rd year so as to strengthen their theoretical knowledge in the main management disciplines:
## Auditing.
- Corporate Finance
- Financial Markets
- Managerial Accounting
- Finance and International Management
- Financial and Banking Management
- Marketing of Services, Retailing and Leisure Activities
- Entrepreneurialism
- Human Resources Management
- Performance Management
- Management of Non-Profit Organisations
- International Marketing
- Marketing of Products and Communication
## Admission.
- | 26,545 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
"First year" : CPGE (preparatory school): 260 accepted
- "First year": University Diploma (Bac + 2): 35 places
- "Second year": University Diploma (Bac + 3 to Bac + 4): 65 places
## Internships.
Semester 3 : 6 months compulsory internship
Place: France or overseas
Semester 5 or 6 : 6 to 8 months internship
Subject: Professional insertion
Place: France or overseas
Semester 8 : 6 month intership
Subject: Professional integration
Place: France or overseas
Semester 5 and 6 :
Possibility of a gap year in a company for 9 to 12 months
## International partners.
The agreements between Groupe ESC Rouen and its 171 partner universities offer students the possibility of studying in universities | 26,546 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
and business schools.
These agreements allow our students to spend one or two semesters in one of these universities. The grades obtained are credited towards their degree. Each year, 100% of the IFI students and about 90% of ESC Rouen students study abroad.
In exchange, Rouen welcomes nearly 370 students from its partner universities onto its different programmes and generally stay between 3 and 9 months. These students also have the possibility of continuing their graduate studies in order to complete the full ESC-Programme and obtain the Diplôme de Grande Ecole (Master of Science in Management).
Groupe ESC Rouen also offers European Management Seminars which are customized intensive management | 26,547 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
seminars on "Doing Business in the European Union". These seminars are organised at the Undergraduate, Graduate and Post-Graduate level (Full-Time MBA and Executive MBA).
- Argentina
- National University of the South
- Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina
- Universidad Argentina de la Empresa
- Australia
- Griffith University
- La Trobe University
- Swinburne University of Technology
- Austria
- IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems
- University of Innsbruck
- Johannes Kepler University Linz
- Belgium
- Katholieke Hogeschool Zuid-West-Vlaanderen
- Brazil
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - Instituto de Pos-Graduaçao | 26,548 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
e Pesquisa em Administraçao
- Fundação Getúlio Vargas
- University of São Paulo
- Canada
- Brock University, Faculty of Business
- Wilfrid Laurier University, School of Business & Economics
- Nipissing University, School of Business & Economics
- University of Windsor, the Odette School of Business
- Dalhousie University, Faculty of Management
- University of Manitoba, I.H. Asper School of Business
- University of Saskatchewan, Edwards School of Business
- Saint Mary's University, The F. Sobey Faculty of Commerce
- University of Northern British Columbia, School of Business
- University of Western Ontario, Richard Ivey School of Business
- Concordia University, John Molson School | 26,549 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
of Business
- Université Laval, Faculté des Sciences de l'Administration
- McGill University, Desautels Faculty of Management
- DeGroote School of Business
- University of Ottawa, School of Management
- Queen's University, School of Business
- Université de Sherbrooke, Faculté d'Administration
- University of Québec, Ecole des Sciences de la Gestion
- University of Victoria, Faculty of Business
- York University, Faculty of Administrative Studies
- University of Calgary, Haskayne School of Business
- Chile
- Adolfo Ibáñez University
- Andrés Bello University
- Catholic University of the North
- University of the Andes, Chile
- University of Chile
- Diego Portales University
- | 26,550 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
China
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Zhejiang University
- University of Macau
- Wuhan University
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Shanghai University
- Colombia
- Colegio de Estudios Superiores de Administración
- Universidad Externado de Colombia
- University of the Andes, Colombia
- Denmark
- Aarhus School of Business, University of Aarhus
- Business Academy Copenhagen North
- Copenhagen Business School
- Estonia
- International University Audentes, Tallinn
- Finland
- Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences
- JAMK University of Applied Sciences
- Aalto University School of Business
- Turku School of Economics
- | 26,551 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
Germany
- Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft
- Hochschule Pforzheim University of Applied Sciences
- Fachhochschule Reutlingen
- VWA - Studienakademie Stuttgart
- Hochschule Für Technik und Wirtschaft Dresden
- European Business School International University Schloss Reichartshausen
- University of Hanover
- WHU-Otto Beisheim School of Management
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
- University of Regensburg
- Saarland University
- Hungary
- Corvinus University of Budapest
- University of Miskolc
- India
- Birla Institute of Management Technology
- Bishop Heber College
- Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies
- Ireland
- University of Dublin, Trinity College
- | 26,552 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
Israel
- Tel Aviv University
- Italy
- University of Molise
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
- Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli
- University of Genoa
- Japan
- Akita International University
- Rikkyo University - College of Business
- Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University
- Sophia University
- Lebanon
- Ecole Supérieure des Affaires
- Malaysia
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- University of Malaya
- Morocco
- Institut Supérieur de Commerce et d'Administration des Entreprises
- Mexico
- Universidad de Monterrey
- Universidad Regiomontana
- Tamaulipas Institute of Higher Education
- Universidad Iberoamericana
- | 26,553 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México
- Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education
- Norway
- Norwegian School of Economics
- Peru
- University of the Pacific
- ESAN University
- Poland
- University of Gdańsk
- Kozminski University
- Gdańsk University of Technology
- University of Warsaw
- Portugal
- Catholic University of Portugal
- Russia
- Moscow International Higher Business School
- Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Faculty of Economics and Management
- Plekhanov Russian Economic University
- The State University of Management
- Senegal
- Institut Supérieur de Management
- Singapore
- Singapore Management University
- South | 26,554 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
Korea
- Seoul National University
- Spain
- University of Almería
- University of León
- Universidad Pública de Navarra
- Rovira i Virgili University
- University of Deusto
- Charles III University of Madrid
- National University of Córdoba
- Escuela Superior de Gestion Comercial y Marketing
- Comillas Pontifical University - ICADE
- University of Salamanca
- University of Valencia
- Sweden
- Halmstad University
- Karlstad University
- University of Gothenburg
- Lund University
- Stockholm University School of Business
- Thailand
- Assumption University
- Chulalongkorn University
- The Netherlands
- Arnhem Business School
- Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam
- | 26,555 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
Maastricht University
- Tilburg University
- Turkey
- Boğaziçi University
- Bilkent University, Ankara
- Middle East Technical University, Ankara
- United Kingdom
- University of Hull Business School
- Glasgow Caledonian University
- University of Sunderland
- University of Westminster
- Aston University Business School
- University of Bath
- Kingston University
- University of Nottingham Business School
- University of Warwick
- United States
- American University, Kogod School of Business in Washington, DC
- Fairfield University, the Charles F. Dolan School of Business
- Michigan State University, the Eli Broad College of Business
- Hamline University, Graduate School of | 26,556 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
Management, St Paul, Minnesota
- Bentley University
- California Polytechnic State University, Orfalea College of Business
- Indiana University, Kelley School of Business
- Minnesota State University, Mankato, College of Business
- University of Pittsburgh, College of Business Administration
- University of Richmond, Robins School of Business
- Towson University, College of Business & Economics
- Monterey Institute of International Studies, the Fisher Graduate School of Int. Business
- Brandeis International Business School
- Emory University, Goizueta Business School
- University of Florida, the Warrington College of Business Administration
- Montclair State University, School of | 26,557 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
Business
- Pennsylvania State University, Smeal College of Business
- Pepperdine University, The Graziado School of Business and Management
- Cox School of Business
- University of Wisconsin–Whitewater, College of Business & Economics
International network:
- AACSB
- EFMD
- AUF
- RAMEGE
Other Information
- "Main sector of activity of graduates (2004):"
- - Consultancy and auditing : 29%
- - Finance, banks, insurance : 18%
- - Chemicals and pharmaceutical industry : 8%
- "Main strength promoted by the school:"
- International partners (more than 100 universities around the world) and its new European programme: **Business simulation games
- Alumni network (over 14 000)
- Partnerships | 26,558 |
1055757 | Rouen Business School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rouen%20Business%20School | Rouen Business School
l of Business and Management
- Cox School of Business
- University of Wisconsin–Whitewater, College of Business & Economics
International network:
- AACSB
- EFMD
- AUF
- RAMEGE
Other Information
- "Main sector of activity of graduates (2004):"
- - Consultancy and auditing : 29%
- - Finance, banks, insurance : 18%
- - Chemicals and pharmaceutical industry : 8%
- "Main strength promoted by the school:"
- International partners (more than 100 universities around the world) and its new European programme: **Business simulation games
- Alumni network (over 14 000)
- Partnerships with companies
- The campus (7 hectares)
# Notable faculty.
- Louis Le Duff, billionaire businessman | 26,559 |
1055790 | Babbage (crater) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babbage%20(crater) | Babbage (crater)
Babbage (crater)
Babbage is an ancient lunar impact crater that is located near the northwest limb of the Moon, named after Charles Babbage. It is attached to the southeastern rim of the prominent crater Pythagoras. The crater remnant named South intrudes into the southeastern floor of Babbage.
The outer rim of Babbage has been eroded and modified by a multitude of subsequent impacts, until all that remains is a ring of rounded hills. The most notable of these modifications is the satellite crater Babbage E, which overlays the southwestern rim. The northeast rim of this satellite crater is missing, and it forms a bay on the perimeter of Babbage. Oenopides is another worn formation attached | 26,560 |
1055790 | Babbage (crater) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babbage%20(crater) | Babbage (crater)
to the southwest edge of this protuberance.
The outer rampart of Pythagoras lies across the floor of Babbage, forming a region of rough terrain in the northwest part of the interior. The remainder of the crater floor is relatively flat, although it is marked by many tiny craterlets. The most notable feature on the floor is the satellite crater Babbage A, which lies in the southeast part of the interior. This feature has not been significantly worn, and appears much younger than the remainder of the formation. Just to the west of Babbage A is the smaller Babbage C, a bowl-shaped formation.
# Satellite craters.
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter | 26,561 |
1055790 | Babbage (crater) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babbage%20(crater) | Babbage (crater)
of Pythagoras lies across the floor of Babbage, forming a region of rough terrain in the northwest part of the interior. The remainder of the crater floor is relatively flat, although it is marked by many tiny craterlets. The most notable feature on the floor is the satellite crater Babbage A, which lies in the southeast part of the interior. This feature has not been significantly worn, and appears much younger than the remainder of the formation. Just to the west of Babbage A is the smaller Babbage C, a bowl-shaped formation.
# Satellite craters.
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Babbage. | 26,562 |
1055791 | Naganagani | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naganagani | Naganagani
Naganagani
Naganagani (Compagnie Nationale Naganagani) was a state-owned airline based in Burkina Faso. It was formed in 1984 to operate the presidential plane the Boeing 707-328C (XT-BBF) and use it as a cargo aircraft when the plane was not used by the President. Another Boeing 707-321C (ex-Pan Am, XT-ABZ) was acquired later.
# Code data.
- ICAO Code: BFN | 26,563 |
1055793 | Harri Lorenzi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harri%20Lorenzi | Harri Lorenzi
Harri Lorenzi
Harri Lorenzi (born 1949) is a Brazilian agronomic engineer, author on trees of the Atlantic Mata and a collaborating agronomist of the garden of Fazenda Cresciumal, Ruy De Souza Queiroz. Between his workmanships, he published four books in the end of the 1990s, they are: "Brazilian palms", "Brazilian Trees" (1 and 2, also in English), "Tropical Plants of Burle Marx" and "Brazilian Ornamental Plants". | 26,564 |
1055788 | Woodlands, Glasgow | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Woodlands,%20Glasgow | Woodlands, Glasgow
Woodlands, Glasgow
# Overview.
Woodlands is a residential area in the west-end of Glasgow, Scotland. It is located east of Hillhead, south of Woodside, and north of Park Circus. Kelvingrove Park borders Woodlands to the south, and the M8 motorway at Charing Cross is to the east.
Woodlands has a substantial Asian minority population (primarily Muslim) as well as a large number of students as residents. The area is in the vicinity of the University of Glasgow, and the university's Education Faculty is sited within the area.
The housing stock mostly consists of blonde sandstone tenement housing and modern redevelopment which is also predominantly in the tenement style.
# History.
The area | 26,565 |
1055788 | Woodlands, Glasgow | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Woodlands,%20Glasgow | Woodlands, Glasgow
of flat land on the east bank of the River Kelvin was used as an industrial area. From at least the early 1600s, the site was the location of a watermill which processed grain.
This area was later redeveloped. In 1790, William Gillespie constructed Glasgow's first and only water driven cotton mill. Bleach and print fields would also have been located in the vicinity.
# Points of interest.
Woodlands is home to the Arlington Baths Club. The club is located on Arlington Street off of Woodlands road.
There is a statue erected in the memory of Bud Neill on the corner of Woodlands Road and Woodlands Gate.
# Public Transport.
Public transport includes Kelvinbridge and St George's Cross Subway | 26,566 |
1055788 | Woodlands, Glasgow | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Woodlands,%20Glasgow | Woodlands, Glasgow
ich processed grain.
This area was later redeveloped. In 1790, William Gillespie constructed Glasgow's first and only water driven cotton mill. Bleach and print fields would also have been located in the vicinity.
# Points of interest.
Woodlands is home to the Arlington Baths Club. The club is located on Arlington Street off of Woodlands road.
There is a statue erected in the memory of Bud Neill on the corner of Woodlands Road and Woodlands Gate.
# Public Transport.
Public transport includes Kelvinbridge and St George's Cross Subway stations, located respectively at the western and eastern extremes of the district, as well as numerous bus routes along Great Western and Woodlands Roads. | 26,567 |
1055795 | Dual Scan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dual%20Scan | Dual Scan
Dual Scan
Dual Scan, also known as dual-scan supertwist nematic or DSTN, is an LCD technology in which a screen is divided into two sections which are simultaneously refreshed giving faster refresh rate than traditional passive matrix screens. It is an improved form of supertwist nematic display that offers low power consumption but inferior sharpness and brightness compared to TFT screens. For several years (late '90s to early 2000s), TFT screens were only found in high-end laptops due to them being more expensive and lower-end laptops offering DSTN screens only. This was at a time when the screen was often the most expensive component of laptops. The price difference between a laptop with | 26,568 |
1055795 | Dual Scan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dual%20Scan | Dual Scan
offers low power consumption but inferior sharpness and brightness compared to TFT screens. For several years (late '90s to early 2000s), TFT screens were only found in high-end laptops due to them being more expensive and lower-end laptops offering DSTN screens only. This was at a time when the screen was often the most expensive component of laptops. The price difference between a laptop with DSTN and one with TFT could easily be $400 or more. However, TFT gradually became cheaper and has essentially captured the entire market.
DSTN display quality is poor compared to TFT, with visible noise, smearing, much lower contrast and slow response. Such screens are unsuitable for viewing movies. | 26,569 |
1055775 | Huddersfield New College | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huddersfield%20New%20College | Huddersfield New College
Huddersfield New College
Huddersfield New College is a former grammar school and current sixth form college located in Salendine Nook on the outskirts of Huddersfield, in the county of West Yorkshire, England. The current Principal is Angela Williams.
On 17 May 2016 the college was assessed as 'Outstanding' in all 6 inspection domains following an OFSTED review. They are the first Sixth Form College to receive such an accolade under the new (September 2016) inspection framework.
# Admissions.
It should not be confused with Huddersfield Technical College, which became Kirklees College in 2008. Like most sixth form colleges, good performance at GCSE is required to attend. It is situated to | 26,570 |
1055775 | Huddersfield New College | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huddersfield%20New%20College | Huddersfield New College
the west of the town, on " New Hey Road" (A640) less than a mile from junction 23 of the M62.
# History.
## Grammar school.
The college was founded in 1958 when the existing Huddersfield College (founded in 1839) was merged with Hillhouse Technical School to form a new boys' grammar school at a new campus at Salendine Nook with 950 boys. Henry Ernest Atkins, the chess master, had been Principal from 1909-36. In 1959, the girls-only Longley Technical High School moved to the campus, with a new school called Huddersfield High School also on New Hey Road with 700 girls run by Huddersfield Education Committee. Princess Margaret opened the girls' school on the campus on 14 November 1958. The whole | 26,571 |
1055775 | Huddersfield New College | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huddersfield%20New%20College | Huddersfield New College
site, including Salendine Nook High School, had cost £1 million. Sir Edward Boyle opened Huddersfield New College on 26 March 1958.
The last admission of 11-year-olds was in 1972, and the college then began a gradual transition from a boys only grammar school to a co-educational sixth form college. During the dissolution of the grammar schools under Harold Wilson's watch, (an old boy of the nearby Royds Hall Grammar School), he infamously said that "grammar schools would be dismantled over his dead body". However the sixth form college has retained much of the academic-minded ethos of his former school.
## Sixth form college.
It became a sixth form college when the two grammar schools, Huddersfield | 26,572 |
1055775 | Huddersfield New College | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huddersfield%20New%20College | Huddersfield New College
New College and Huddersfield High School, gradually merged from 1973. In 1974 it was administered by Kirklees Metropolitan Council until 1993 when funded by the FEFC. In 2001 it was administered by West Yorkshire LSC, whose executive director was Margaret Coleman, a former Principal of the College.
# Buildings.
More recently, the eastern half of the original 1958 built building has been demolished, and replaced with a modern construction grafted onto the remaining half of the original building.
In January 2007 building works commenced to expand the current school to increase capacity. New buildings will house additional classrooms for Geography, Art, Psychology, Textiles, Modern Languages, | 26,573 |
1055775 | Huddersfield New College | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huddersfield%20New%20College | Huddersfield New College
IT, Media Studies and a new student dining area (known as the IT Café by students). Additional expansion to 'The Boiler House' - the current performing arts area is also commencing, yielding increased classrooms a recording studio and a new theatre. There has also been expansion to the sports centre, which now houses: Sports Studies, Travel and Tourism, Sociology, Health and Social Care, Children's Learning, Care and Development. Also a large gym with state-of-the-art equipment, and a large sports hall.
In September 2012 the college completed the construction of a £100,000 3G AstroTurf pitch which is also used by the neighbouring Salendine Nook High School.
# Academic performance.
In October | 26,574 |
1055775 | Huddersfield New College | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huddersfield%20New%20College | Huddersfield New College
2011 the college was formally inspected by Ofsted, who praised the college and rated it as "a good college with outstanding features". Ofsted said that the college was showing a lot of improvement year-on-year and that the quality of teaching across all areas was good. All courses have high success rates, and students enjoy their time at the college.
On 17 May 2016 the college was assessed as 'Outstanding' in all 6 inspection domains following an OFSTED review. They are the first Sixth Form College to receive such an accolade under the new (September 2016) inspection framework.
# Notable alumni.
## Huddersfield New College.
- Roger Berry, Labour MP from 1992-2010 for Kingswood
- Professor | 26,575 |
1055775 | Huddersfield New College | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huddersfield%20New%20College | Huddersfield New College
Bob Cryan, vice-chancellor of the University of Huddersfield
- James Duddridge, Conservative MP since 2005 for Rochford and Southend East
- Ian Jagger, clergyman and Archdeacon of Durham
- Zöe Lucker, actress
- Michael Moore, Fellow of the Royal Society and professor of theoretical physics at the University of Manchester
- Gary Ramsden, cricketer
- George Sheldrick, Professor of Structural Chemistry since 1978 at the University of Göttingen
## Huddersfield College.
- Peter Armitage CBE, statistician and President of the Royal Statistical Society from 1982-4, and Professor of Applied Statistics from 1976–90 at the University of Oxford
- Sir William Broadbent, President from 1895-6 of | 26,576 |
1055775 | Huddersfield New College | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huddersfield%20New%20College | Huddersfield New College
the Neurological Society and from 1887-8 of the Clinical Society, and father of Walter Broadbent
- Joseph Coates, Australian schoolmaster and cricketer.
- Roger Fletcher, Professor of Mathematics from 1993-2005 at the University of Dundee
- Geoffrey Fryer FRS, freshwater biologist
- Sir Amos Brook Hirst OBE, Chairman from 1941-55 of The Football Association, and president of Huddersfield Town F.C..
- David Liddiment, Director of Programmes at ITV from 1997–2002, and member of the BBC Trust
- Frederick Mallalieu, Liberal MP for Colne Valley from 1916–22
- Ali Mazrui, Kenyan historian and political scientist
- Sir William Middlebrook, Liberal MP from 1908–22 for Leeds South
- Walter Parratt, | 26,577 |
1055775 | Huddersfield New College | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huddersfield%20New%20College | Huddersfield New College
- Ali Mazrui, Kenyan historian and political scientist
- Sir William Middlebrook, Liberal MP from 1908–22 for Leeds South
- Walter Parratt, organist
- Nicholas Tate CBE, Chief Executive from 1997–2000 of the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority
- Sir Thomas Palmer Whittaker, Liberal MP from 1882–1919 for Spen Valley
- William Willis, Liberal MP from 1880-5 for Colchester
- Sir German Sims Woodhead, President of the Royal Medical Society in 1878 and the Royal Microscopical Society from 1890-9
## Hillhouse Technical School.
- Rt Rev David Bonser, Bishop of Bolton from 1991-9
# See also.
- List of schools in Kirklees
# External links.
- Huddersfield New College website
- EduBase | 26,578 |
1055763 | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sugar%20plantations%20in%20the%20Caribbean | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean
Sugar plantations in the Caribbean
Sugar was the main crop produced on plantations throughout the Caribbean in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. Most islands were covered with sugar cane fields, and mills for refining it. The main source of labor, until the abolition of chattel slavery, was enslaved Africans. After the abolition of slavery, indentured laborers from India, China, and Java migrated to the Caribbean to mostly work on the sugar plantations. These plantations produced 80 to 90 percent of the sugar consumed in Western Europe.
# The sugar trade.
The Portuguese introduced sugar plantations in the 1550’s off the coast of their Brazilian settlement colony, located on the island Sao | 26,579 |
1055763 | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sugar%20plantations%20in%20the%20Caribbean | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean
Vincente. As the Portuguese and Spanish maintained a strong colonial presence in the Caribbean, the Iberian Peninsula amassed tremendous wealth from the cultivation of this cash crop. Other imperial states observed the economic boom catalyzed by the plantation system and began colonizing the remaining American territories, hoping to capitalize on the lucrative cultivation and trade of natural resources.
Sugar was the most important crop throughout the Caribbean, although other crops such as coffee, indigo, and rice were also grown. Sugar cane was best grown on relatively flat land near coastal waters, where the soil was naturally yellow and fertile; mountainous parts of the islands were less | 26,580 |
1055763 | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sugar%20plantations%20in%20the%20Caribbean | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean
likely to be used for cane cultivation. The coastal placement of commercial ports gave imperial states a geographic advantage to ship the crop throughout the transatlantic world.
Sugar created a unique political ecology, the relationship between labor, profits, and ecological consequences, in the Caribbean. Imperial powers forcefully displaced west African peoples to cultivate sugar using slave labor. By exploiting labor and the natural world, imperial conflicts arose in the Caribbean vying for political and economic control. For example, conflicts among the English, Spanish, French, and various indigenous peoples manifested for territorial gain; regarding the region’s political ecology, these | 26,581 |
1055763 | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sugar%20plantations%20in%20the%20Caribbean | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean
European states exploited the environment’s resources to such an extent that sugar production began to stagnate. Due to the loss of trees, needed for timber in the sugar refinement process, European imperial powers began competing and fighting over the Caribbean during the middle 17 century.
Following European settlers’ entry into the Caribbean world, massive demographic changes occurred. Indigenous populations began dying at unprecedented rates due to the influx of old world diseases brought by colonists. Estimates of these population losses vary from 8.4 million to 112.5 million. This extreme diminishment of native populations cleared room for the plantation construction and lessened the | 26,582 |
1055763 | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sugar%20plantations%20in%20the%20Caribbean | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean
conflicts between Europeans and indigenous peoples.
During the colonial period, the arrival of sugar culture deeply impacted the society and economy in the Caribbean. It not only dramatically increased the ratio of slaves to free men, but it increased the average size of slave plantations. Early sugar plantations made extensive use of slaves because sugar was considered a cash crop that exhibited economies of scale in cultivation; it was most efficiently grown on large plantations with many workers. Slaves from Africa were imported and made to work on the plantations. For example, prior to 1650 more than three-quarters of the islands' population were of European descent. In 1680, the median | 26,583 |
1055763 | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sugar%20plantations%20in%20the%20Caribbean | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean
size of a plantation in Barbados had increased to about 60 slaves. Over the decades, the sugar plantations became expanding as the transatlantic trade continued to prosper. In 1832, the median-size plantation in Jamaica had about 150 slaves, and nearly one of every four bondsmen lived on units that had at least 250 slaves.
For about 100 years, Barbados remained the richest of all the European colonies in the Caribbean region. The colony's prosperity remained regionally unmatched until sugar cane production expanded in larger colonies, such as Saint-Domingue and Jamaica. As part of the mass sugar industry, sugar cane processing gave rise to related commodities such as rum, molasses, and falernum.
The | 26,584 |
1055763 | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sugar%20plantations%20in%20the%20Caribbean | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean
West India Interest was formed in the 1740s, when the British merchants joined with the West Indian sugar planters. The British and West Indies shared profits and needs. This organization was the first sugar-trading organization which had a large voice in Parliament.
In the 1740s, Jamaica and Saint Domingue (Haiti) became the world’s main sugar producers. They increased production in Saint Domingue by using an irrigation system that French engineers built. The engineers also built reservoirs, diversion dams, levees, aqueducts, and canals. In addition, they improved their mills and used varieties of cane and grasses.
After the end of slavery in Saint Domingue at the turn of the 19th century, | 26,585 |
1055763 | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sugar%20plantations%20in%20the%20Caribbean | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean
with the Haitian Revolution, Cuba became the most substantial sugar plantation colony in the Caribbean, outperforming the British islands. [citation needed]
In the 19th century, sugar dominated Martinique, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Croix, Barbados, Leeward Islands, Saint Domingue, Cuba, and many other islands that had been run by French, British, or Spanish owners. During the late 19th and 20th centuries, the sugar cane industry came to dominate Puerto Rico's economy, both under the colonial rule of Spain and under the United States.
After slavery, sugar plantations used a variety of forms of labour including workers imported from colonial India and Southern China working as indentured servants | 26,586 |
1055763 | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sugar%20plantations%20in%20the%20Caribbean | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean
on European owned plantations (see coolie). In the 20th century, large-scale sugar production using wage labour continued in many parts of the region.
# Environment impact.
The sugar cane industry had a negative impact in terms of environment as this industry grew in Caribbean countries. These included the destruction of forests, water pollution, and loss of fertility and erosion of soils. These problems were seen on a different scale in the Dominican Republic in the 16th century; the Lesser Antilles in the 17th century; Jamaica and Haiti in the 18th century; and Cuba and Puerto Rico in the 19th century.
Although these nations have taken measures to mitigate the impacts of the sugar revolution, | 26,587 |
1055763 | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sugar%20plantations%20in%20the%20Caribbean | Sugar plantations in the Caribbean
h these nations have taken measures to mitigate the impacts of the sugar revolution, in some there are still traces of what the environmental historian of the Caribbean and Latin America, Reinaldo Funes Monzote, describes as a "serious deterioration" of the natural environment, with socio-economic consequences.
# See also.
- Trapiche, a mill used for sugar cane
- Colonial molasses trade
- Casa-grande in Brazil
- Sugar production in the Danish West Indies
- Slavery in the British and French Caribbean
- Valle de los Ingenios - Valley of the Sugar Mills, Cuba
- Amazon rubber boom
- Coffee production in Brazil
- West India Interest
- London Society of West India Planters and Merchants | 26,588 |
1055769 | São Paulo Railway Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=São%20Paulo%20Railway%20Company | São Paulo Railway Company
São Paulo Railway Company
The São Paulo Railway Company (SPR, nickname "Ingleza", transl.: "The English") was a privately owned British railway company in Brazil, which operated the gauge railway from the seaport at Santos via São Paulo to Jundiaí. The company was nationalised in 1946 and became the Estrada de Ferro Santos-Jundiaí.
The São Paulo Railway consists of three parts:
- The long adhesion railway at the coast from Santos to Piassaguera near Cubatão
- The long steep grade from Piassaguera to Paranapiacaba
- The adhesion railway on the plateau from Paranapiacaba via São Paulo to Jundiaí
Three different systems have been used to climbs the steep grade between Piassaguera and Paranapiacaba:
- | 26,589 |
1055769 | São Paulo Railway Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=São%20Paulo%20Railway%20Company | São Paulo Railway Company
A four section cable railway with stationary steam engines, in use from 1867 till 1970, called "Serra Velha", transl.: "Old Mountain"
- A five section cable railway with stationary steam engines, in use from 1901 till 1982, called "Serra Nova", |transl.: "New Mountain"
- An electrified rack-and-adhesion railway built on the right of way of the abandoned "Serra Velha" opened in 1974, called "Sistema Cremalheira-Aderência", transl.: "System Rack-and-adhesion"
# Planning.
In 1859, a group of people led by the Barão de Mauá convinced the Brazilian government that it was important to construct a railroad connecting São Paulo to the seaport at Santos. The main purpose of the project was the transport | 26,590 |
1055769 | São Paulo Railway Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=São%20Paulo%20Railway%20Company | São Paulo Railway Company
of the coffee grown on the inland plateau to the Atlantic coast for export. The biggest difficulty was the task to overcome the steep east slope of the 800-meter high Serra do Mar, which was considered to be nearly impracticable. Therefore, Barão de Mauá asked England to clarify the feasibility of a railway line for locomotive hauled trains within a budget limit of 200,000 £. The biggest technician for this subject was consulted: the Scottish railroad engineer James Brunlees.
Brunlees visited Brazil and considered that the project was feasible. He recommended the engineer Daniel Makinson Fox to Barão de Mauá for the execution of the project. Fox was at that time only 26 years old but had experience | 26,591 |
1055769 | São Paulo Railway Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=São%20Paulo%20Railway%20Company | São Paulo Railway Company
in the construction of railways through the mountains of northern Wales and the hillsides of the Pyrenees. He realised that the railway can only climb the slope in the Serra do Mar if a long incline system is built. An adhesion railway would have used to overcome the slope and would have also overrun the 200,000 £ budget.
# Construction.
Daniel Fox's proposal for the railway line from Santos to Jundiaí including the incline system was approved by Brunlees and the "São Paulo Railway Company" (SPR) was established to build the railway system and operate it for 90 years. Since the capital of the company was mainly British also the official company name was in English, not Portuguese. The railway | 26,592 |
1055769 | São Paulo Railway Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=São%20Paulo%20Railway%20Company | São Paulo Railway Company
company contracted with Robert Sharpe & Sons to acquire the land, execute the works, and supply all rolling stock and plant.
Construction on the long adhesion railway Santos – Piassagüera began on 15 March 1860 and on the incline system in the year 1861.
The road was constructed without explosives, since it was felt that the slopes are very unstable. The rock was excavated only with plug and feathers. Embankments of in height were constructed to protect the tracks from the frequent torrential rains in the area, which used about rocks. The line did not have any tunnels.
In spite of all the difficulties, the construction finished 10 months ahead of the date specified in the contract, which | 26,593 |
1055769 | São Paulo Railway Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=São%20Paulo%20Railway%20Company | São Paulo Railway Company
was eight years. The "São Paulo Railway" was opened on 1867-02-16.
# "Serra Velha" – the first incline system.
The part of the route climbing the Serra do Mar consisted of four 10.3% grade cable railway sections with the following length:
- section 1:
- section 2:
- section 3:
- section 4:
At each section the wagons were attached to a steel wire rope with the help of a special fitted brake van called "Serrabreque" (transl.: "Hill Brake"). The steel cables was driven by a stationary steam winding engine at the top end of the section, where a extension with a 1.3% grade was also fitted, so that the wagons could be led to the next section.
The incline system was later called "Serra Velha" | 26,594 |
1055769 | São Paulo Railway Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=São%20Paulo%20Railway%20Company | São Paulo Railway Company
(transl.: "Old Mountain") to distinguish it from the later built second incline system called "Serra Nova".
# "Serra Nova" – the second incline system.
The large volume of coffee shipments and the growth of the cities in the São Paulo region required more transport capacity. Therefore, construction of a second incline system started in 1895. The new line runs parallel to the already existing one in about distance. It had five sections using continuous steel wire ropes which were moved by stationary steam engines. Each section was about long and had a grade of 8%. Two to three wagons have been coupled to the rope with the help of small locomotives fitted with grip engaging with the cable. These | 26,595 |
1055769 | São Paulo Railway Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=São%20Paulo%20Railway%20Company | São Paulo Railway Company
locomotives were also able to handle the wagons in the terminal station and between the sections, so that the operation of the incline system was facilitated. The locomotives have been called "Locobreque" (transl.: "Locomotive Brake"). In case the weight of the wagons to be lifted was too heavy compared to the wagons lowered at the same time, tank cars filled with water were used to counterbalance the system. The incline system was used in revenue service till 1982.
# Protests.
In 1889, the first protests were made against the British monopoly over the route to Porto de Santos, which culminated in the construction of "Mairinque-Santos" in 1910, for Estrada de Ferro Sorocabana.
# Nationalisation.
On | 26,596 |
1055769 | São Paulo Railway Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=São%20Paulo%20Railway%20Company | São Paulo Railway Company
1946-09-13, the railroad was nationalised by the Brazilian government, and renamed the Estrada de Ferro Santos-Jundiaí, and on 1948-09-27, it was merged with most of the other Brazilian railways in to the "Rede Ferroviária Federal SA" (RFFSA).
# "Sistema Cremalheira-Aderência" – the Rack-and-adhesion railway.
In the 1970s (well after it had been renamed), the haulage system was replaced by an Abt rack system which was installed by the Japanese firm Marubeni. The locomotives for this changeover had been constructed by Hitachi with the help of SLM and are working with 3 kV DC supplied by an overhead lines.
# See also.
- Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos
# External links.
- History | 26,597 |
1055769 | São Paulo Railway Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=São%20Paulo%20Railway%20Company | São Paulo Railway Company
de Ferroviária Federal SA" (RFFSA).
# "Sistema Cremalheira-Aderência" – the Rack-and-adhesion railway.
In the 1970s (well after it had been renamed), the haulage system was replaced by an Abt rack system which was installed by the Japanese firm Marubeni. The locomotives for this changeover had been constructed by Hitachi with the help of SLM and are working with 3 kV DC supplied by an overhead lines.
# See also.
- Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos
# External links.
- History of the São Paulo Railway in Portuguese
- A Gateway to Brazil
- The Estrada de Ferro Santos a Jundiaí
- A Very British Railway (book by Paul Catchpole)
- illustrated description of the São Paulo Railway | 26,598 |
1055799 | Titular church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Titular%20church | Titular church
Titular church
A titular church or (English: title) is a church in Rome assigned or assignable to one of the cardinals, or more specifically to a Cardinal priest.
# History.
Before the legalization of Christianity in Rome the "tituli" were private buildings used as Christian churches—also called "domus ecclesiae" or "house churches"—and took the name of the owner of the building, either a wealthy donor, or a presbyter appointed by the church to run it. For instance, the , now the church of the Santi Quattro Coronati, drew its name from its foundress, who doubtless owned the extensive suburban Roman villa whose foundations remain under the church and whose audience hall became the ecclesiastical | 26,599 |
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