wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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1055777 | Gandy dancer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gandy%20dancer | Gandy dancer
March 1944. As the story goes, Duckwork, on orders from a non-commissioned officer, improvised his own drill for the soldiers in his unit. Soon after, all the ranks were buzzing and keeping rhythm. Col. Bernard Lentz, who was the base commander at the Fort, approached Duckworth and asked where he developed... | 26,800 |
1055777 | Gandy dancer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gandy%20dancer | Gandy dancer
a bit of eastern Minnesota and terminating in Superior Wisconsin. In Danbury, Wisconsin, the Gandy Dancer Trail is sought by many visitors and tourists who want to walk the same trail that hunter James Jordan used to track a record book buck in 1914. Jordan ended up harvesting the record setting white-tail... | 26,801 |
1055777 | Gandy dancer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gandy%20dancer | Gandy dancer
1955 comedy film "Bring Your Smile Along".
In 1962, The Ventures recorded the song "Gandy Dancer", an original instrumental composition that was released on their album "Going to the Ventures Dance Party".
Singer/political activist Bruce "Utah" Phillips, in "Moose Turd Pie", told a tall tale of working a... | 26,802 |
1055777 | Gandy dancer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gandy%20dancer | Gandy dancer
festival, The Gandy Dancer Festival, in Mazomanie, WI. The one-day festival, held the 3rd Saturday of August, celebrates the hard work Gandy Dancers contributed toward building America.
# See also.
- Field hollers
- List of train songs
- Military cadence
- Railroad shopmen
- Sea shanties
- Waulking ... | 26,803 |
1055777 | Gandy dancer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gandy%20dancer | Gandy dancer
rd Saturday of August, celebrates the hard work Gandy Dancers contributed toward building America.
# See also.
- Field hollers
- List of train songs
- Military cadence
- Railroad shopmen
- Sea shanties
- Waulking songs
- Work songs
# External links.
- Calling Track and Military Cadence Calls: How... | 26,804 |
1055806 | Borman (crater) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borman%20(crater) | Borman (crater)
Borman (crater)
Borman is a lunar impact crater that is located in the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. It lies across the southeast section of the mountainous inner ring, within the walled basin named Apollo.
The rim of Borman remains sharp-edged, although a smaller crater lies across... | 26,805 |
1055806 | Borman (crater) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borman%20(crater) | Borman (crater)
that is attached to the southern rim of Borman.
Borman crater is named after the American astronaut Frank Borman, commander of the Apollo 8 mission in 1968, which was the first manned mission to the moon. Two nearby craters are named after the other two crew members, William Anders (Anders crater) and ... | 26,806 |
1055810 | Boss (crater) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boss%20(crater) | Boss (crater)
Boss (crater)
Boss is a lunar impact crater that is located along the northeast rim of the Moon's near side. Due to its location, the crater is viewed from the side by observers on the Earth, and its visibility is subject to libration effects.
This formation has not been significantly eroded by impacts,... | 26,807 |
1055810 | Boss (crater) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boss%20(crater) | Boss (crater)
impacts, and it retains a well-defined outer rim that is not overlain by smaller craters of note. The inner wall is wide and has a terraced surface. The interior floor has a low central peak that is offset slightly to the north from the midpoint.
The closest named craters are Vashakidze to the southeast ... | 26,808 |
1055809 | Guernsey (clothing) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guernsey%20(clothing) | Guernsey (clothing)
Guernsey (clothing)
A guernsey, or gansey, is a seaman's knitted woollen sweater, similar to a jersey, which originated in the Channel Island of the same name, sometimes known as a knit-frock in Cornwall.
# Origins.
The guernsey is the mainstay of Guernsey's knitting industry which can be dated b... | 26,809 |
1055809 | Guernsey (clothing) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guernsey%20(clothing) | Guernsey (clothing)
came into being as a garment for fishermen who required a warm, hard wearing, yet comfortable item of clothing that would resist the sea spray. The hard twist given to the tightly packed wool fibres in the spinning process and the tightly knitted stitches, produced a finish that would "turn water" a... | 26,810 |
1055809 | Guernsey (clothing) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guernsey%20(clothing) | Guernsey (clothing)
around the British Isles, and many coastal communities developed their own "ganseys" based on the original pattern. Whilst the classic guernsey pattern remained plain, the stitch patterns used became more complex the further north the garment spread, with the most complex evolving in the Scottish fi... | 26,811 |
1055809 | Guernsey (clothing) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guernsey%20(clothing) | Guernsey (clothing)
called a Guernsey shirt or smock. There are a number of different names for the same garments, for instance Guernsey frock, Guernsey shirt, smock-frock, or fisherman’s frock. Essentially these are all the same garment, with the materials varying based on the purpose for which it is worn.
# Pattern.... | 26,812 |
1055809 | Guernsey (clothing) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guernsey%20(clothing) | Guernsey (clothing)
supplement family income was important to many island families and thus the garments that were sold were also of a simple design. It is estimated that a total of 84 hours was needed to complete a guernsey: a simpler design could be produced faster than a more elaborate one.
The guernsey that is sti... | 26,813 |
1055809 | Guernsey (clothing) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guernsey%20(clothing) | Guernsey (clothing)
principal patterns have been identified in Cornwall alone, each one again drawing inspiration from ropes, chains, waves, nets and sand-prints.
Worn as a source of pride and often knitted by prospective wives "to show the industrious nature of the woman he was about to marry", the "finer" guernsey w... | 26,814 |
1055809 | Guernsey (clothing) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guernsey%20(clothing) | Guernsey (clothing)
be passed down in families. Guernseys knitted for children were knitted to be "grown into" and often came down to the knee.
# Use in the British Armed Forces.
The guernsey was first widely used in the rating uniform of the 19th century British Royal Navy. It is said that guernseys were worn at the... | 26,815 |
1055809 | Guernsey (clothing) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guernsey%20(clothing) | Guernsey (clothing)
Battle of Trafalgar (although these were probably made from woollen cloth, rather than knitted).
The association of the guernsey with the British Armed Forces has continued into the 21st century. In 2006, the British 7th Armoured Brigade ordered three hundred jumpers from a company in Guernsey and ... | 26,816 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
Battle of Inchon
The Battle of Inchon () was an amphibious invasion and battle of the Korean War that resulted in a decisive victory and strategic reversal in favor of the United Nations Command (UN). The operation involved some 75,000 troops and 261 naval vessels, and led to the recapture of the Sout... | 26,817 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
ended a string of victories over the Korean People's Army (KPA). The subsequent UN recapture of Seoul partially severed the KPA's supply lines in South Korea.
The UN and ROK forces were commanded by General of the Army Douglas MacArthur of the United States Army. MacArthur was the driving force behind... | 26,818 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
Korea on 25 June 1950, the KPA, had enjoyed superiority in both manpower and ground combat equipment over the ROK and UN forces dispatched to South Korea to prevent it from collapsing. The North Korean strategy was to aggressively pursue UN and ROK forces on all avenues of approach south and to engage ... | 26,819 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
of the Pusan Perimeter in August, UN forces held a continuous line which the KPA could not flank. The KPA advantages in numbers decreased daily as the superior UN logistical system brought in more troops and supplies to the UN forces.
When the KPA approached the Pusan Perimeter on 5 August, they attem... | 26,820 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
of P'ohang-dong. The KPA attacks stalled as UN forces repelled the attack. All along the front, the KPA reeled from these defeats, the first time in the war North Korean tactics had failed.
By the end of August the KPA had been pushed beyond their limits and many of the original units were at far redu... | 26,821 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
a five-pronged simultaneous attack across the entire perimeter. The attack caught UN forces by surprise and almost overwhelmed them. KPA troops attacked Kyongju, surrounded Taegu and Ka-san, recrossed the Naktong Bulge, threatened Yongsan, and continued their attack at Masan, focusing on Nam River and ... | 26,822 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
an amphibious assault to retake the Seoul area. The city had fallen in the first days of the war in the First Battle of Seoul. MacArthur later wrote that he thought the KPA would push the ROK back far past Seoul. He also said he decided days after the war began that the battered, demoralized, and under... | 26,823 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
Bluehearts, for 22 July, with the US Army's 1st Cavalry Division landing at Incheon. However, by 10 July the plan was abandoned as it was clear the 1st Cavalry Division would be needed on the Pusan Perimeter. On 23 July, MacArthur formulated a new plan, code-named Operation Chromite, calling for an amp... | 26,824 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
preparation for the invasion, MacArthur activated the US Army's X Corps to act as the command for the landing forces, and appointed Major General Edward Almond, his chief of staff, as Corps' commander, anticipating the operation would mean a quick end to the war. Throughout August, MacArthur faced the ... | 26,825 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
which pulled US Marines from as far away as the Mediterranean Sea to Korea for the task. MacArthur ordered Korean Augmentation To the United States Army (KATUSA) troops, ROK conscripts assigned to US Army units, to reinforce the 7th Infantry Division, while allocating all equipment coming into Korea to... | 26,826 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
which could be easily blocked by naval mines. The current of the channels was also dangerously quick—three to eight knots (3.5 to 9.2 mph; 5.5 to 14.8 km/hr)—and tides were so extreme as to prevent immediate follow-on landings. Finally, the anchorage was small and the harbor was surrounded by tall seaw... | 26,827 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
channel would make a landing impossible, would be surprised and caught off-guard by the attack.
On 23 August, the commanders held a meeting at MacArthur's headquarters in Tokyo. Chief of Staff of the United States Army General Joseph Lawton Collins, Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Forrest Sherman, a... | 26,828 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
be responsible for leading the landing at Incheon, were not invited, which became a contentious issue. During the briefing, nine members of the staff of US Navy Admiral James H. Doyle spoke for nearly 90 minutes on every technical and military aspect of the landing. MacArthur told the officers that tho... | 26,829 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
Sherman agreed to support the Incheon operation, leaving Doyle furious.
MacArthur spent 45 minutes after the briefing explaining his reasons for choosing Incheon. He said that, because it was so heavily defended, the North Koreans would not expect an attack there, that victory at Incheon would avoid a... | 26,830 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
large-scale amphibious operation since World War II. That distinction belonged to the UN landing that took place on 18 July 1950 at Pohang, South Korea. However, that operation was not made in KPA-held territory and was unopposed.
Admiral Struble's Joint Task Force 7 consisted of Fast Carrier Task For... | 26,831 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
18 Sept.
# Prelude.
Before the main land battle, UN forces landed spies in Incheon and bombarded the citys defenses via air and sea. Deception operations were also carried out to draw North Korean attention away from Incheon.
## Maintaining surprise.
With men, supplies, and ships obviously concentr... | 26,832 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
and the UN forces did not know whether he had managed to transmit the plan to North Korea before his arrest. US Navy patrol aircraft, surface warships, and submarines operated in the Sea of Japan (East Sea) and the Yellow Sea to detect any reaction by North Korean, Soviet, or People's Republic of China... | 26,833 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
away from Incheon by making it appear that the landing would take place to the south at Kunsan. On 5 September 1950, aircraft of the USAFs Far East Air Forces began attacks on roads and bridges to isolate Kunsan, typical of the kind of raids expected prior to an invasion there. A naval bombardment of K... | 26,834 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
on the night of 12–13 September 1950 the Royal Navy frigate landed US Army special operations troops and Royal Marine Commandos on the docks at Kunsan, making sure that North Korean forces noticed their visit.
UN forces conducted a series of drills, tests, and raids elsewhere on the coast of Korea, wh... | 26,835 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
conditions there. The team, led by US Navy Lieutenant Eugene F. Clark, landed at Yonghung-do, an island in the mouth of the harbor. From there, the team relayed intelligence back to the UN Command. With the help of locals, Clark, gathered information about tides, beach composition, mudflats, and seawal... | 26,836 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
littoral maximum in all of Asia. Clark observed the tides at Incheon for two weeks and discovered that American tidal charts were inaccurate, but that Japanese charts were quite good. Clark's team provided detailed reports on KPA artillery positions and fortifications on the island of Wolmido, at Inche... | 26,837 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
attempted raid on Yonghung-do with six junks. Clark mounted a machine gun on a sampan and sank the attacking junks. In response, the KPA killed perhaps as many as 50 civilians for helping Clark.
## Bombardments of Wolmido and Incheon.
On 10 September 1950, five days before the Inchon landing, 43 Amer... | 26,838 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
Normandy landings and the Battle of Leyte. He got underway for Incheon in his flagship, the heavy cruiser , on 12 September 1950. Among his ships were the Gunfire Support Group, consisting of "Rochester", the heavy cruiser , the British light cruisers and , and the six US destroyers of Task Element 90.... | 26,839 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
thousand 5-inch (127-mm) shells onto the fortifications. The attacks tipped off the KPA that a landing might be imminent, and the KPA officer in command on Wolmido assured his superiors that he would throw their enemies back into the sea. North Korea's 918th Coastal Artillery Regiment returned fire, hi... | 26,840 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
South Korean squad watched from hills south of Incheon, plotting locations where KPA machine guns were firing at the flotilla. They relayed this information to the invasion force via Japan in the afternoon.
During the night of 13–14 September, Struble decided on another day of bombardment, and the des... | 26,841 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
Incheon and entered Flying Fish Channel, and the US Marines of the invasion force got ready to make the first landings on Wolmido.
## Naval mine clearance.
Within weeks of the outbreak of the Korean War, the Soviet Union had shipped naval mines to North Korea for use in coastal defense, with Soviet n... | 26,842 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
laid relatively few and unsophisticated mines at Incheon. Destroyers in the assault force visually identified moored contact mines in the channel at low tide and destroyed them with gunfire. When the invasion force passed through the channel at high tide to land on the assault beaches, it passed over a... | 26,843 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
had bulldozer blades. The battle group landed from tank landing ships (LSTs). The entire island was captured by noon at the cost of just 14 casualties.
The KPA defenders were outnumbered by more than six to one by the UN troops. KPA casualties included over 200 killed and 136 captured, primarily from ... | 26,844 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
Beach".
The North Koreans had not been expecting an invasion at Inchon. After the storming of Green Beach, the KPA assumed (probably because of deliberate American disinformation) that the main invasion would happen at Kunsan. As a result, only a small force was diverted to Incheon. Even those forces ... | 26,845 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
would be 17:30.
The KPA 22nd Infantry Regiment had moved to Incheon before dawn on September 15, 1950, but retreated to Seoul after the main landing that evening.
## Red Beach.
The Red Beach forces, made up of the Regimental Combat Team 5, which included the 3rd Battalion of the Republic of Korea Ma... | 26,846 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
5th Marines would be on the left, against Cemetery Hill and northern half of Observatory Hill. The 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines would take the southern half of Observatory Hill and Inner Basin.
Late on the afternoon of September 15, the LSTs approached Red Beach and as the lead ships they came under hea... | 26,847 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
completed unloading and cleared the beach at high tide early on 16 September.
After neutralizing KPA defenses at Inchon on the night of September 15, units from Red Beach opened the causeway to Wolmi-do, allowing the 3rd Battalion, 5th Marines and the tanks from Green Beach to enter the battle for Inc... | 26,848 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
KPA gun emplacements sank one LST. Destroyer fire and bombing runs silenced the KPA defenses. When the Blue Beach forces finally arrived, the KPA forces at Incheon had already surrendered, so they met little opposition and suffered few additional casualties. The 1st Marine Regiment spent much of its ti... | 26,849 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
that morning of September 16, Lieutenant Colonel Murray and Colonel Puller had their operational orders from 1st Marine Division commander General Oliver P. Smith. The 1st Marines and 5th Marines began moving along the Inchon-Seoul road.
Early morning on September 16, the 5th Marines (from Red and Gre... | 26,850 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
others off. M26 Pershing tanks of the 1st Tank Battalion destroyed the three more KPA tanks shortly thereafter. South of the 5th Marines, 1st Marines, having spent most of the day consolidating its scattered units, did not move east until about 16:00 hrs.
Just before dawn on September 17, two companie... | 26,851 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
trying to identify them doubts were resolved by the explosion of a bomb close to the port side of "Rochester". Four bombs were dropped one hitting and denting "Rochester's" crane but not exploding. There were no American casualties. As the aircraft turned away "Jamaica" opened fire with her port 4-inch... | 26,852 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
later of his wounds after being transferred to the hospital ship ; and one on the foremast at the level of the gun direction platform scattering small splinters. Every close range weapon available opened fire on this aircraft, which was disintegrating as it went over the ship, crashing close on the sta... | 26,853 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
had not had time to do any major demolition. In fact, several North Korean planes were still on the field. Kimpo would now become the center of UN land-based air operations.
On September 19, US engineers repaired the local railroad up to inland. After the capture of Kimpo airfield, transport planes be... | 26,854 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
which was trapped and destroyed and a Yak bombing run in Incheon harbor, which did little damage. The KPA attempted to stall the UN offensive to allow time to reinforce Seoul and withdraw troops from the south. Though warned that the process of taking Seoul would allow remaining KPA forces in the south... | 26,855 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
32nd Infantry Regiment landed at Incheon and the remainder of the regiment went ashore later in the day. The next morning, the 2nd Battalion moved up to relieve a Marine battalion occupying positions on the right flank south of Seoul. Meanwhile, the 7th Division's 31st Infantry Regiment came ashore at ... | 26,856 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
as it fought through KPA positions on the road to Seoul. Control of Operation Chromite was then given to Almond, the X Corps commander. Almond was in an enormous hurry to capture Seoul by September 25, exactly three months after the North Korean assault across the 38th Parallel. On September 22, the Ma... | 26,857 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
at the time of Almond's declaration, US Marines were still engaged in house-to-house combat as the KPA remained in most of the city. It was not until September 28 that the last of the KPA elements were driven out or destroyed.
## Pusan Perimeter breakout.
While the 5th Marines came ashore at Inchon, ... | 26,858 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
Of the 70,000 KPA troops around Pusan, in the aftermath of the Pusan Perimeter battle, KPA casualties from September 1 to September 15 ranged from 36,000 to 41,000 killed and captured, with an unknown total number of wounded. However, because UN forces had concentrated on taking Seoul rather than cutti... | 26,859 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
Spencer C. Tucker, the American military historian, described the Inchon landings as "a brilliant success, almost flawlessly executed," which remained "the only unambiguously successful, large-scale US combat operation" for the next 40 years. Commentators have described the Inchon operation as MacArthu... | 26,860 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
with the German offensive in the Baltic in 1941. American forces achieved a strategic masterpiece in the Incheon landing in September 1950 and then largely negated it by a slow, tentative, 11-day advance on Seoul, only away. By contrast, in the Baltic region in 1941 the German forces achieved strategic... | 26,861 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
relied on oral or short written orders, reorganized combat groups to meet immediate circumstances, and engaged in vigorous reconnaissance.
# In popular culture.
- "Inchon" (1981), directed by Terence Young with Laurence Olivier as General Douglas MacArthur. Unification Church founder Sun Myung Moon w... | 26,862 |
1055744 | Battle of Inchon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Inchon | Battle of Inchon
hort written orders, reorganized combat groups to meet immediate circumstances, and engaged in vigorous reconnaissance.
# In popular culture.
- "Inchon" (1981), directed by Terence Young with Laurence Olivier as General Douglas MacArthur. Unification Church founder Sun Myung Moon was an executive pro... | 26,863 |
1055814 | Norman (crater) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norman%20(crater) | Norman (crater)
Norman (crater)
Norman is a small lunar impact crater on the Oceanus Procellarum, to the south and slightly west of the crater Euclides. To the west-southwest is Herigonius. There are few other features of note in the vicinity, apart from some minor wrinkle ridges in the surface of the mare.
Norman is... | 26,864 |
1055819 | Lost ball | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lost%20ball | Lost ball
Lost ball
In the sport of cricket, if a ball in play cannot be found or recovered, any fielder may call lost ball. The game then proceeds as described in Law 20 of the laws of cricket.
This Law prescribes that the ball immediately ceases to be in play. In cricket the same ball is used for each delivery and ... | 26,865 |
1055819 | Lost ball | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lost%20ball | Lost ball
'lost ball' is called, the batting side keeps any penalty that would have been declared if the delivery was not fair (see no-ball and wide) plus 6 runs, or whatever they have in fact run before the call of 'lost ball' was made.
A call of 'lost ball' is unusual in professional cricket, and nowadays only reall... | 26,866 |
1055819 | Lost ball | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lost%20ball | Lost ball
sional cricket, and nowadays only really happens in recreational games where cricket fields may include rabbit warrens, molehills or the like, or where there is a tree in the field of play and no local rule about what happens when it is hit. Previously 'lost ball' could only be called when the ball could not ... | 26,867 |
1055820 | List of neighbourhoods of Birmingham | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20neighbourhoods%20of%20Birmingham | List of neighbourhoods of Birmingham
List of neighbourhoods of Birmingham
This is a list of the constituent towns, villages and areas of Birmingham (both the city and the metropolitan borough) in England.
Between 1889 and 1995, the city boundaries were expanded to include many places which were once towns or villages... | 26,868 |
1055820 | List of neighbourhoods of Birmingham | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20neighbourhoods%20of%20Birmingham | List of neighbourhoods of Birmingham
Village
- Balsall Heath
- Bartley Green
- Beech Lanes
- Bickenhill
- Billesley
- Birches Green
- Birchfield
- Birmingham City Centre
- Boldmere
- Bordesley
- Bordesley Green
- Bournbrook
- Bournville
- Brandwood End
- Brindleyplace
- Bromford
- Browns Green
- Buckl... | 26,869 |
1055820 | List of neighbourhoods of Birmingham | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20neighbourhoods%20of%20Birmingham | List of neighbourhoods of Birmingham
Greet
- Gun Quarter
- Hall Green
- Hamstead
- Handsworth
- Handsworth Wood
- Harborne
- Harts Green
- Hawkesley
- Hay Mills
- High Heath
- Highgate
- Highter's Heath
- Hill Hook
- Hill Wood
- Hockley
- Hodge Hill
- Jewellery Quarter
- Kents Moat
- King's Heath
- ... | 26,870 |
1055820 | List of neighbourhoods of Birmingham | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20neighbourhoods%20of%20Birmingham | List of neighbourhoods of Birmingham
Perry Common
- Pype Hayes
- Queslett
- Quinton
- Reddicap Heath
- Rednal
- Ridgacre
- Roughley
- Rowley Regis
- Rubery ("Mostly in Worcestershire")
- Saltley
- Sarehole
- Selly Oak
- Selly Park
- Shard End
- Sheldon
- Solihull
- Shenley Fields
- Shenley Green
- Sh... | 26,871 |
1055820 | List of neighbourhoods of Birmingham | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20neighbourhoods%20of%20Birmingham | List of neighbourhoods of Birmingham
th
- Showell Green
- Small Heath
- Smethwick
- Smithfield
- Soho
- Southside
- South Yardley
- South Woodgate
- Sparkbrook
- Sparkhill
- Springfield
- Stechford
- Stirchley
- Stockfield
- Stockland Green
- Sutton Coldfield
- Ten Acres
- Thimble End
- Tile Cross
-... | 26,872 |
615 | American Football Conference | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20Football%20Conference | American Football Conference
American Football Conference
The American Football Conference (AFC) is one of the two conferences of the National Football League (NFL), the highest professional level of American football in the United States. This conference and its counterpart the National Football Conference (NFC), cur... | 26,873 |
615 | American Football Conference | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20Football%20Conference | American Football Conference
in each conference. The current AFC champions are the New England Patriots, who defeated the Kansas City Chiefs in the 2018 AFC Championship Game for their 11th conference championship.
# Current teams.
Since 2002, like the NFC, the AFC has 16 teams, organized into four divisions each wit... | 26,874 |
615 | American Football Conference | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20Football%20Conference | American Football Conference
on the basis of a particular team's final divisional standing from the previous season. The remaining 8 games are split between the roster of two other NFL divisions. This assignment shifts each year and will follow a standard cycle. Using the 2012 regular season schedule as an example, eac... | 26,875 |
615 | American Football Conference | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20Football%20Conference | American Football Conference
playoffs. The AFC playoffs culminate in the AFC Championship Game with the winner receiving the Lamar Hunt Trophy. The AFC Champion then plays the NFC Champion in the Super Bowl.
# History.
Both the AFC and the NFC were created after the NFL merged with the American Football League (AFL) ... | 26,876 |
615 | American Football Conference | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20Football%20Conference | American Football Conference
AFL divisions AFL East and AFL West were more or less intact, while the NFL's Century Division, in which the Browns and the Steelers had played since 1967, was moved from the NFL to become the new AFC Central. Upon the completion of the merger of the AFL and NFL in 1970, the newly-minted Am... | 26,877 |
615 | American Football Conference | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20Football%20Conference | American Football Conference
Bay Buccaneers joined the league in 1976, they were temporarily placed in the NFC and AFC respectively. This arrangement lasted for one season only before the two teams switched conferences. The Seahawks eventually returned to the NFC as a result of the 2002 realignment. The expansion Jacks... | 26,878 |
615 | American Football Conference | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20Football%20Conference | American Football Conference
operations before they were reinstated by the NFL. The Ravens were treated as an expansion team.
In California, the Oakland Raiders relocated to Los Angeles in 1982, and back to Oakland in 1995, while the San Diego Chargers moved to Los Angeles in 2017.
The Houston Oilers moved to Tenness... | 26,879 |
615 | American Football Conference | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20Football%20Conference | American Football Conference
to the Super Bowl with only 7 of the 16 individual teams making it. New England Patriots (10 times), Denver Broncos (4 times), Pittsburgh Steelers (4 times), Baltimore Ravens (2 times), Indianapolis Colts (2 times), Oakland Raiders (1 time), and Tennessee Titans (1 time). By contrast, the N... | 26,880 |
615 | American Football Conference | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20Football%20Conference | American Football Conference
Bowl. 16 of the last 18 AFC champions have started one of just three quarterbacks - Tom Brady, Peyton Manning, and Ben Roethlisberger - in the Super Bowl. The AFC has started 5 quarterbacks in the last 18 Super Bowls, while the NFC has started 15.
# Logo.
The merged league created a new l... | 26,881 |
1055700 | Alamannia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamannia | Alamannia
Alamannia
Alamannia or Alemannia was the territory inhabited by the Germanic Alemanni peoples after they broke through the Roman "limes" in 213.
The Alemanni expanded from the Main River basin during the 3rd century, raiding Roman provinces and settling on the left bank of the Rhine River beginning in the 4... | 26,882 |
1055700 | Alamannia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamannia | Alamannia
"Alamannia" in the 10th to 12th centuries.
The territory of Alamannia as it existed from the 7th to 9th centuries centered on Lake Constance and included the High Rhine, the Black Forest and the Alsace on either side of the Upper Rhine, the upper Danube River basin as far as the confluence with the Lech Rive... | 26,883 |
1055700 | Alamannia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamannia | Alamannia
i.e. French Alsace, German Baden and Swabia, German-speaking Switzerland and the Austrian Vorarlberg.
# Geography.
The Alamanni were pushed south from their original area of settlement in the Main basin and in the 5th and 6th century settled new territory on either side of the Rhine.
Alemannia under Franki... | 26,884 |
1055700 | Alamannia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamannia | Alamannia
the source of the Danube. "Nekargowe" (named for the Neckar, capital Canstatt).
"Swiggerstal" (the modern Ermstal), "Filiwigawe" (Filsgau, named for the Fils), "Trachgowe" (Drachgau, near Schwäbisch Gmünd) and "Alba" (Albuch) between the Neckar and the Danube.
"Duria" (Duriagau) between Ulm and Augsburg.
"... | 26,885 |
1055700 | Alamannia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamannia | Alamannia
"Folcholtespara" (Folcholtsbaar), "Rammegowe" (Rammachgau) and "Illargowe" (named for the Iller, capital Memmingen) on the right side of the Danube.
In Baden: "Brisigowe" (Breisgau) along the Upper Rhine opposite Sundgau, and "Mortunova", the later Ortenau, along the Upper Rhine opposite Nordgau. "Alpegowe" ... | 26,886 |
1055700 | Alamannia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamannia | Alamannia
Aargau, named for the Aare). The pertinence of this territory to either Alamannia or Upper Burgundy was disputed.
The county of Raetia Curiensis was absorbed into Alamannia in the early 10th century. It comprised the "Ringowe" (Rheingau, named for the Rhine) and "Retia" proper.
# History.
## Tribal kingdom... | 26,887 |
1055700 | Alamannia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamannia | Alamannia
by a tribal king. But there appears to have been the custom of the individual kings uniting under the leadership of a single king in military expeditions.
Some kings of the Alemanni of the 4th and 5th centuries are known by name, the first being Chrocus (died 306), a military leader who organized raids acros... | 26,888 |
1055700 | Alamannia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamannia | Alamannia
Valentinian I in 370.
Macrian appears to have been involved in building a large alliance of Alemannic tribes against Rome, which earned him the title of "turbarum rex artifex" ("king and crafter of unrest").
The Romans installed Fraomar as a successor of Marcian, but the Bucinobantes would not accept him an... | 26,889 |
1055700 | Alamannia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamannia | Alamannia
at Tolbiac is not known.
## Merovingian duchy.
After their defeat in 496, the Alemanni bucked the Frankish yoke and put themselves under the protection of Theodoric the Great of the Ostrogoths, but after his death they were again subjugated by the Franks (539), under Theuderic I and Theudebert I. Thereafter... | 26,890 |
1055700 | Alamannia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamannia | Alamannia
was ruled by the Ahalolfing family and not by the ducal house which ruled central Alamannia around Lake Constance. Rhaetia too, though Alamannic, was ruled by the Victorids coterminously with the Diocese of Chur.
Alamannia was Christianised during the 7th century, although not as thoroughly as either Francia... | 26,891 |
1055700 | Alamannia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamannia | Alamannia
and Sitten respectively).
Western Alamannia did eventually (7th century) receive a diocese (Constance) through the cooperation of the bishops of Chur and the Merovingian monarchs. The foundation of Constance is obscure, though it was the largest diocese in Germany throughout the Merovingian and early Carolin... | 26,892 |
1055700 | Alamannia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamannia | Alamannia
the early 8th century, when a series of campaigns waged by the Arnulfing mayors of the palace reduced Alamannia to a province of Francia once again.
It was, however, during this period of "de facto" independence that the Alamanni began to be ruled by one duke, though Alsace and Rhaetia remained outside of th... | 26,893 |
1055700 | Alamannia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamannia | Alamannia
were summarily arrested, tried, and executed for treason at a Council at Cannstatt.
## Carolingian rule.
During the reign of Louis the Pious, there were tendencies to renewed independence in Alamannia, and the 830s were marked by bloody feuds between the Alamannic and Rhaetian nobility vying for dominion ov... | 26,894 |
1055700 | Alamannia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamannia | Alamannia
whether he was recognised as duke or king. It was certainly a kingdom, including Alsace and Rhaetia, when it was granted to Charles the Fat in the division of East Francia in 876. Under Charles, Alammania became the centre of the Empire, but after his deposition, it found itself out of favour. Though ethnical... | 26,895 |
1055700 | Alamannia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamannia | Alamannia
tribal duchies, which formed the basis of the political organisation of East Francia after the collapse of the Carolingian dynasty in the late 9th and early 10th centuries.
In the 10th century, no noble house of Alamannia succeeded in founding a ducal dynasty, as the Ottonians did in Saxony or the Liutpoldin... | 26,896 |
1055700 | Alamannia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamannia | Alamannia
the Alps along the upper Rhône to the Saint Gotthard Pass. In the north, the boundary ran from the Murg (some 30 km south of Karlsruhe) to Heilbronn and the Nördlinger Ries. The eastern boundary was at the Lech. Argovia was disputed territory between the dukes of Alamannia and Burgundy.
Burchard II, son of t... | 26,897 |
1055700 | Alamannia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamannia | Alamannia
persists as a separate family of dialects within High German.
The distribution of the Low Alemannic and High Alemannic subgroups largely correspond to the extent of historical Alemannia, while the Highest Alemannic dialects spread beyond its limits during the High Middle Ages. The Brünig-Napf-Reuss line is a... | 26,898 |
1055700 | Alamannia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamannia | Alamannia
similar correspondence exists for "German", both as the language and the adjectival form of "Germany".
# List of rulers of Alamannia.
## Independent kings.
The following are the known names of early Alemannic kings. They did not necessarily rule all of Alamannia, but were more likely petty kings ruling ove... | 26,899 |
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