wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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599 | Afroasiatic languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afroasiatic%20languages | Afroasiatic languages
in which words inflect by changes within the root (vowel changes or gemination) as well as with prefixes and suffixes.
One of the most remarkable shared features among the Afroasiatic languages is the prefixing verb conjugation (see the table at the start of this section), with a distinctive patt... | 27,000 |
599 | Afroasiatic languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afroasiatic%20languages | Afroasiatic languages
vocabulary.
The following are some examples of Afroasiatic cognates, including ten pronouns, three nouns, and three verbs.
There are two etymological dictionaries of Afroasiatic, one by Christopher Ehret, and one by Vladimir Orel and Olga Stolbova. The two dictionaries disagree on almost everyth... | 27,001 |
599 | Afroasiatic languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afroasiatic%20languages | Afroasiatic languages
vocabulary of Afrasian", "St. Petersburg Journal of African Studies" 2–6.
- Ehret, Christopher. 1995. "Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic (Proto-Afrasian): Vowels, Tone, Consonants, and Vocabulary" (= "University of California Publications in Linguistics" 126). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University ... | 27,002 |
599 | Afroasiatic languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afroasiatic%20languages | Afroasiatic languages
2007. "." Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Barnett, William and John Hoopes (editors). 1995. "The Emergence of Pottery." Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
- Bender, Lionel et al. 2003. "Selected Comparative-Historical Afro-Asiatic Studies in Memory of Igor M. Diakonoff." LIN... | 27,003 |
599 | Afroasiatic languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afroasiatic%20languages | Afroasiatic languages
Gerrit, and Erhard Voeltz. 2007. "Africa". In Christopher Moseley, ed., "Encyclopedia of the world's endangered languages".
- Ehret, Christopher. 1995. "Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic (Proto-Afrasian): Vowels, Tone, Consonants, and Vocabulary." Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California... | 27,004 |
599 | Afroasiatic languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afroasiatic%20languages | Afroasiatic languages
Finnegan, Ruth H. 1970. "Afro-Asiatic languages West Africa". "Oral Literature in Africa", pg 558.
- Fleming, Harold C. 2006. "Ongota: A Decisive Language in African Prehistory." Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
- Greenberg, Joseph H. 1950. "Studies in African linguistic classification: IV. Hamito-... | 27,005 |
599 | Afroasiatic languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afroasiatic%20languages | Afroasiatic languages
1966. "The Languages of Africa" (2nd ed. with additions and corrections). Bloomington: Indiana University.
- Greenberg, Joseph H. 1981. "African linguistic classification." "General History of Africa, Volume 1: Methodology and African Prehistory", edited by Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 292–308. Berkeley and ... | 27,006 |
599 | Afroasiatic languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afroasiatic%20languages | Afroasiatic languages
Heine, Bernd and Derek Nurse. 2000. "African Languages", Chapter 4. Cambridge University Press.
- Hodge, Carleton T. (editor). 1971. "Afroasiatic: A Survey." The Hague – Paris: Mouton.
- Hodge, Carleton T. 1991. "Indo-European and Afro-Asiatic." In Sydney M. Lamb and E. Douglas Mitchell (editors... | 27,007 |
599 | Afroasiatic languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afroasiatic%20languages | Afroasiatic languages
of Ethiopia," 60 pp. In "Orientalia et Classica: Papers of the Institute of Oriental and Classical Studies", Issue 5. Moscow. (Forthcoming.)
- Newman, Paul. 1980. "The Classification of Chadic within Afroasiatic." Leiden: Universitaire Pers Leiden.
- Ruhlen, Merritt. 1991. "A Guide to the World'... | 27,008 |
599 | Afroasiatic languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afroasiatic%20languages | Afroasiatic languages
Beltrami.
- Zuckermann, Ghil'ad 2003. Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew, Palgrave Macmillan.
# External links.
- Afro-Asiatic at the Linguist List MultiTree Project (not functional as of 2014): Genealogical trees attributed to Delafosse 1914, Greenberg 1950–1955, Greenbe... | 27,009 |
599 | Afroasiatic languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afroasiatic%20languages | Afroasiatic languages
2004; short annotations of the talks given there
- The prehistory of a dispersal: the Proto-Afrasian (Afroasiatic) farming lexicon, by Alexander Militarev in "Examining the Farming/Language Dispersal Hypothesis", eds. P. Bellwood & C. Renfrew. (McDonald Institute Monographs.) Cambridge: McDonald ... | 27,010 |
599 | Afroasiatic languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afroasiatic%20languages | Afroasiatic languages
tic And Afrasian, by Alexander Militarev in "Proceedings of the Barcelona Symposium on comparative Semitic", 19-20/11/2004. Aula Orientalis 23/1-2, 2005, pp. 83–129.
- Akkadian-Egyptian lexical matches, by Alexander Militarev in "Papers on Semitic and Afroasiatic Linguistics in Honor of Gene B. G... | 27,011 |
1055893 | Emo (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emo%20(disambiguation) | Emo (disambiguation)
Emo (disambiguation)
Emo (originally short for "emotional hardcore" or "emocore") is a subculture and a style of rock music.
Emo may also refer to:
# Businesses.
- Emo (oil), an Irish oil company and filling station chain
- Emo Speedway, a racetrack in Emo, Ontario
- Emo's, a nightclub in Aus... | 27,012 |
1055893 | Emo (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emo%20(disambiguation) | Emo (disambiguation)
sinen
- "Emo", a song by Blink-182 from the band's album "Dude Ranch"
# Places.
- Emo, County Laois, a village in Ireland
- Emo Court, a mansion in County Laois, Ireland
- Emo, Ontario, a town in Canada
- Villa Emo, a villa in Italy
- East Moriches, a town on Long Island.
# People.
- E-Mo,... | 27,013 |
1055843 | ZSC Lions | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZSC%20Lions | ZSC Lions
ZSC Lions
The Zürcher Schlittschuh Club Lions (ZSC Lions) are a professional ice hockey team located in Zürich, Switzerland, playing in the National League (NL). The home arena, the 11,200 seat Hallenstadion, is in the Zürich district of Oerlikon. The team was founded in 1930 and played at the Dolder-Kunstei... | 27,014 |
1055843 | ZSC Lions | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZSC%20Lions | ZSC Lions
League B for several years in a row and had a small fan base, but were backed by entrepreneur and billionaire Walter Frey.
ZSC was the first Swiss team to play in an indoor arena (Hallenstadion). They won the Swiss championship in the years 1936, 1949 and 1961 and the prestigious Spengler Cup in 1944 and 194... | 27,015 |
1055843 | ZSC Lions | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZSC%20Lions | ZSC Lions
HC. The Lions qualified for the semi-finals with a 3–1 record, first place in the group. With their defeats of the Finnish Espoo Blues, 6–3 and 4–1 respectively, they qualified for the tournament final. The first leg of the final was held on January 21, 2009 in the Magnitogorsk Arena where the Lions came back... | 27,016 |
1055843 | ZSC Lions | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZSC%20Lions | ZSC Lions
go Blackhawks of the National Hockey League for the 2009 edition of the Victoria Cup challenge. Playing at their home arena, the Lions upset the Blackhawks with a 2–1 victory, winning the trophy. It was the first time since 1991 that the Blackhawks had lost to a club in Europe.
# Honors.
- NL Championship "... | 27,017 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
Animal Farm
Animal Farm is an allegorical novella by George Orwell, first published in England on 17 August 1945. According to Orwell, the fable reflects events leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and then on into the Stalinist era of the Soviet Union. Orwell, a democratic socialist, was a critic ... | 27,018 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
essay "Why I Write" (1946), wrote that "Animal Farm" was the first book in which he tried, with full consciousness of what he was doing, "to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole".
The original title was "Animal Farm: A Fairy Story," but U.S. publishers dropped the subtitle when it was... | 27,019 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
November 1943 and February 1944, when the UK was in its wartime alliance with the Soviet Union against Nazi Germany and the British people and intelligentsia held Stalin in high esteem, a phenomenon Orwell hated. The manuscript was initially rejected by a number of British and American publishers, including... | 27,020 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
20th-Century Novels. It won a Retrospective Hugo Award in 1996 and is included in the Great Books of the Western World selection.
# Plot summary.
The poorly-run Manor Farm near Willingdon, England, is ripened for rebellion from its animal populace by neglect at the hands of the irresponsible and alcoholic... | 27,021 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
of Animalism, the most important of which is, "All animals are equal". The decree is painted in large letters on one side of the barn. Snowball teaches the animals to read and write, while Napoleon educates young puppies on the principles of Animalism. Food is plentiful, and the farm runs smoothly. The pigs... | 27,022 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
enacts changes to the governance structure of the farm, replacing meetings with a committee of pigs who will run the farm. Through a young pig named Squealer, Napoleon claims credit for the windmill idea. The animals work harder with the promise of easier lives with the windmill. When the animals find the w... | 27,023 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
while falsely representing himself as the hero of the battle. "Beasts of England" is replaced with an anthem glorifying Napoleon, who appears to be adopting the lifestyle of a man. The animals remain convinced that they are better off than they were under Mr. Jones.
Mr. Frederick, a neighbouring farmer, at... | 27,024 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
an animal hospital and that the previous owner's signboard had not been repainted. Squealer subsequently reports Boxer's death and martyrizes him with a festival the following day. However, the truth is that Napoleon had engineered the sale of Boxer to the knacker, allowing Napoleon and his inner circle to ... | 27,025 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
of the animals who participated in the rebellion are dead or old. Mr. Jones, having moved away after giving up on reclaiming his farm, has also died. The pigs start to resemble humans, as they walk upright, carry whips, drink alcohol and wear clothes. The Seven Commandments are abridged to just two phrases:... | 27,026 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
cheating at the game. Both Napoleon and Mr. Pilkington, one of the farmers, play the Ace of Spades at the same time and both sides begin fighting loudly over who cheated first. When the animals outside look at the pigs and men, they can no longer distinguish between the two.
# Characters.
## Pigs.
- Old ... | 27,027 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
body was put on display.
- Napoleon – "A large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar, the only Berkshire on the farm, not much of a talker, but with a reputation for getting his own way". An allegory of Joseph Stalin, Napoleon is the main villain of "Animal Farm".
- Snowball – Napoleon's rival and origina... | 27,028 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
the singing of "Beasts of England" is banned. Rodden compares him to the poet Vladimir Mayakovsky.
- The piglets – Hinted to be the children of Napoleon and are the first generation of animals subjugated to his idea of animal inequality.
- The young pigs – Four pigs who complain about Napoleon's takeover ... | 27,029 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
Humans.
- Mr. Jones – A heavy drinker who is the original owner of Manor Farm, a farm in disrepair with farmhands who often loaf on the job. He is an allegory of Russian Tsar Nicholas II, who abdicated following the February Revolution of 1917 and was murdered, along with the rest of his family, by the Bol... | 27,030 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
The animals of Animal Farm are terrified of Frederick, as rumours abound of him abusing his animals and entertaining himself with cockfighting (a likely allegory for the human rights abuses of Adolf Hitler). Napoleon enters into an alliance with Frederick in order to sell surplus timber that Pilkington also... | 27,031 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
neighbouring farm overgrown with weeds. Unlike Frederick, Pilkington is wealthier and owns more land, but his farm is in need of care as opposed to Frederick's smaller but more efficiently-run farm. Although on bad terms with Frederick, Pilkington is also concerned about the animal revolution that deposed J... | 27,032 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
extremely strong, hard-working, and respectable cart-horse, although quite naive and gullible. Boxer does a large share of the physical labour on the farm. He is shown to hold the belief that 'Napoleon is always right'. At one point, he had challenged Squealer's statement that Snowball was always against th... | 27,033 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
When Boxer is injured, Napoleon sells him to a local knacker to buy himself whisky, and Squealer gives a moving account, falsifying Boxer's death.
- Mollie – A self-centred, self-indulgent and vain young white mare who quickly leaves for another farm after the revolution, in a manner similar to those who l... | 27,034 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
oldest, wisest animals on the farm, and one of the few who can read properly. He is sceptical, temperamental and cynical: his most frequent remark is, "Life will go on as it has always gone on—that is, badly." The academic Morris Dickstein has suggested there is "a touch of Orwell himself in this creature's... | 27,035 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
by Napoleon and reared by him to be his security force.
- Moses – The Raven, "Mr. Jones's especial pet, was a spy and a tale-bearer, but he was also a clever talker." Initially following Mrs. Jones into exile, he reappears several years later and resumes his role of talking but not working. He regales Anim... | 27,036 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
brought back the Russian Orthodox Church.
- The sheep – They show limited understanding of Animalism and the political atmosphere of the farm, yet nonetheless they are the voice of blind conformity as they bleat their support Napoleon's ideals with jingles during his speeches and meetings with Snowball. Th... | 27,037 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
are promised at the start of the revolution that they will get to keep their eggs, which are stolen from them under Mr. Jones. However, their eggs are soon taken from them under the premise of buying goods from outside Animal Farm. The hens are among the first to rebel, albeit unsuccessfully, against Napole... | 27,038 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
and is forgiven; because her excuses are so convincing and she "purred so affectionately that it was impossible not to believe in her good intentions." She has no interest in the politics of the farm, and the only time she is recorded as having participated in an election, she is found to have actually "vot... | 27,039 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
can control the opinion of enlightened people in democratic countries". This motivated Orwell to expose and strongly condemn what he saw as the Stalinist corruption of the original socialist ideals.
Immediately prior to writing the book, Orwell had quit the BBC. He was also upset about a booklet for propag... | 27,040 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
published, largely due to fears that the book might upset the alliance between Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union. Four publishers refused; one had initially accepted the work but declined it after consulting the Ministry of Information. Eventually, Secker and Warburg published the first editi... | 27,041 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
"fundamental integrity", but declared that they would only accept it for publication if they had some sympathy for the viewpoint "which I take to be generally Trotskyite". Eliot said he found the view "not convincing", and contended that the pigs were made out to be the best to run the farm; he posited that... | 27,042 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
17 April 1944 for "Partisan Review", Orwell wrote that it was "now next door to impossible to get anything overtly anti-Russian printed. Anti-Russian books do appear, but mostly from Catholic publishing firms and always from a religious or frankly reactionary angle."
The publisher Jonathan Cape, who had in... | 27,043 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
of a senior official in the Ministry of Information. Such flagrant anti-Soviet bias was unacceptable, and the choice of pigs as the dominant class was thought to be especially offensive. It may reasonably be assumed that the 'important official' was a man named Peter Smollett, who was later unmasked as a So... | 27,044 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
not the moment for ingratitude towards Stalin and the heroic Red Army, which had played a major part in defeating Adolf Hitler. A Russian translation was printed in the paper "Posev", and in giving permission for a Russian translation of "Animal Farm", Orwell refused in advance all royalties. A translation ... | 27,045 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
time with "ANIMAL FARM"—an excellent bit of satire—it would illustrate perfectly." Nothing came of this, and a trial issue produced by Secker & Warburg in 1956 illustrated by John Driver was abandoned, but the Folio Society published an edition in 1984 illustrated by Quentin Blake and an edition illustrated... | 27,046 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
it was not included, and as of June 2009 most editions of the book have not included it.
Secker and Warburg published the first edition of "Animal Farm" in 1945 without an introduction. However, the publisher had provided space for a preface in the author's proof composited from the manuscript. For reasons... | 27,047 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
by the press, specifically the suppression of unflattering descriptions of Stalin and the Soviet government. The same essay also appeared in the Italian 1976 edition of "Animal Farm" with another introduction by Crick, claiming to be the first edition with the preface. Other publishers were still declining ... | 27,048 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
believed that the animals were not consistent enough with their real-world inspirations, and said, "It seems to me that the failure of this book (commercially it is already assured of tremendous success) arises from the fact that the satire deals not with something the author has experienced, but rather wit... | 27,049 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
responded, on 7 September, "Should we not expect, in "Tribune" at least, acknowledgement of the fact that it is a satire not at all gentle upon a particular State—Soviet Russia? It seems to me that a reviewer should have the courage to identify Napoleon with Stalin, and Snowball with Trotsky, and express an... | 27,050 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
into "a complete system of thought", which they formally name Animalism, an allegoric reference to Communism, not to be confused with the philosophy Animalism. Soon after, Napoleon and Squealer partake in activities associated with the humans (drinking alcohol, sleeping in beds, trading), which were explici... | 27,051 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
or has wings, is a friend.
- 3. No animal shall wear clothes.
- 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed.
- 5. No animal shall drink alcohol.
- 6. No animal shall kill any other animal.
- 7. All animals are equal.
These commandments are also distilled into the maxim "Four legs good, two legs bad!" which is p... | 27,052 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
animals are more equal than others", and "Four legs good, two legs better!" as the pigs become more human. This is an ironic twist to the original purpose of the Seven Commandments, which were supposed to keep order within Animal Farm by uniting the animals together against the humans and preventing animals... | 27,053 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
on the Russian revolution... [and] "that kind" of revolution (violent conspiratorial revolution, led by unconsciously power-hungry people) can only lead to a change of masters [-] revolutions only effect a radical improvement when the masses are alert." In a preface for a 1947 Ukrainian edition, he stated, ... | 27,054 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
is Orwell's analogy with the October 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. The "Battle of the Cowshed" has been said to represent the allied invasion of Soviet Russia in 1918, and the defeat of the White Russians in the Russian Civil War. The pigs' rise to pre-eminence mirrors the rise of a Stalinist bureaucracy in th... | 27,055 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
windmill suggest the various Five Year Plans. The puppies controlled by Napoleon parallel the nurture of the secret police in the Stalinist structure, and the pigs' treatment of the other animals on the farm recalls the internal terror faced by the populace in the 1930s. In chapter seven, when the animals c... | 27,056 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
of Stalingrad and the Battle of Moscow. During the battle, Orwell first wrote, "All the animals, including Napoleon" took cover. Orwell had the publisher alter this to "All the animals except Napoleon" in recognition of Stalin's decision to remain in Moscow during the German advance. Orwell requested the ch... | 27,057 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
1917 to 1943 include the wave of rebelliousness that ran through the countryside after the Rebellion, which stands for the abortive revolutions in Hungary and in Germany (Ch IV); the conflict between Napoleon and Snowball (Ch V), paralleling "the two rival and quasi-Messianic beliefs that seemed pitted agai... | 27,058 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
Animal Farm without warning and destroys the windmill.
The book's close, with the pigs and men in a kind of rapprochement, reflected Orwell's view of the 1943 Teheran Conference that seemed to display the establishment of "the best possible relations between the USSR and the West"—but in reality were desti... | 27,059 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
Soviet authorities as to the Anthem of the USSR in the 1920s and 1930s.
# Adaptations.
## Films.
"Animal Farm" has been adapted to film twice. Both differ from the novel and have been accused of taking significant liberties, including sanitising some aspects.
- "Animal Farm" (1954) is an animated featur... | 27,060 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
having new human owners, reflecting the collapse of Soviet communism.
In 2012, an HFR-3D version of "Animal Farm", potentially directed by Andy Serkis, was announced.
## Radio dramatizations.
A BBC radio version, produced by Rayner Heppenstall, was broadcast in January 1947. Orwell listened to the produc... | 27,061 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
Henson as Napoleon, Toby Jones as the propagandist Squealer, and Ralph Ineson as Boxer.
## Stage productions.
A theatrical version, with music by Richard Peaslee and lyrics by Adrian Mitchell, was staged at the National Theatre London on 25 April 1984, directed by Peter Hall. It toured nine cities in 1985... | 27,062 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
newspapers.
# See also.
- Authoritarian personality
- History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union (1917–1927)
- History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)
- Ideocracy
- New class
- Anthems in "Animal Farm"
- Władysław Reymont, Polish Nobel laureate who anticipated by two decades Orwell's "Animal Farm... | 27,063 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
Reymont with a theme similar to "Animal Farm"s.
- "White Acre vs. Black Acre", published in 1856 and written by William M. Burwell, is a satirical novel that features allegories for slavery in the United States similar to "Animal Farm"s portrayal of Soviet history.
- George Orwell's own "Nineteen Eighty-F... | 27,064 |
620 | Animal Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal%20Farm | Animal Farm
nimal Farm"s.
- "White Acre vs. Black Acre", published in 1856 and written by William M. Burwell, is a satirical novel that features allegories for slavery in the United States similar to "Animal Farm"s portrayal of Soviet history.
- George Orwell's own "Nineteen Eighty-Four", a classic dystopian novel ab... | 27,065 |
1055896 | Lawrence Academy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence%20Academy | Lawrence Academy
Lawrence Academy
Lawrence Academy may refer to:
- Lawrence Academy (Groton, Massachusetts), Groton, Massachusetts (private, secondary, boarding school).
- Lawrence Academy (North Carolina), Merry Hill, North Carolina (private, day school, K–12).
- Lawrence Academy (Falmouth, Massachusetts), a herit... | 27,066 |
1055837 | Peary (crater) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peary%20(crater) | Peary (crater)
Peary (crater)
Peary is the closest large lunar impact crater to the lunar north pole. At this latitude the crater interior receives little sunlight, and portions of the southernmost region of the crater floor remains permanently cloaked in shadow. From the Earth the crater appears on the northern lunar... | 27,067 |
1055837 | Peary (crater) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peary%20(crater) | Peary (crater)
crater is nearly circular, with an outward bulge along the northeast rim. There is a gap in the southwestern rim, where it joins a slightly smaller worn crater Florey. The outer rim of Peary is worn and eroded, creating a rugged mountainous ring that produces long shadows across the crater floor.
The cr... | 27,068 |
1055837 | Peary (crater) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peary%20(crater) | Peary (crater)
the way around the lunar pole, is the larger crater Hermite. On the opposite side of the pole, on the far side of the Moon, lies the still-larger Rozhdestvenskiy.
Because of the low sun angle, the average temperature on the crater floor or Peary is between 30 and 40 K, one of the coldest locations in th... | 27,069 |
1055837 | Peary (crater) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peary%20(crater) | Peary (crater)
rise to permanent shadow at the bottoms of many polar craters. "Clementine"s images were taken during the northern lunar hemisphere's summer season, and more detailed lunar topography collected by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) showed that no points on the Moon receive perpetual light during both... | 27,070 |
1055835 | Hydrogen fuel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen%20fuel | Hydrogen fuel
Hydrogen fuel
Hydrogen fuel is a zero-emission fuel when burned with oxygen. It can be used in fuel cells or internal combustion engines to power vehicles or electric devices. It has begun to be used in commercial fuel cell vehicles such as passenger cars, and has been used in fuel cell buses for many ye... | 27,071 |
1055835 | Hydrogen fuel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen%20fuel | Hydrogen fuel
(H) reacts with oxygen (O) to form water (HO) and releases energy.
If carried out in atmospheric air instead of pure oxygen, as is usually the case, hydrogen combustion may yield small amounts of nitrogen oxides, along with the water vapor.
The energy released enables hydrogen to act as a fuel. In an el... | 27,072 |
1055835 | Hydrogen fuel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen%20fuel | Hydrogen fuel
such as natural gas or coal. Conventional hydrogen production using natural gas induces significant environmental impacts; as with the use of any hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide is emitted.
# Production and storage.
Because pure hydrogen does not occur naturally on Earth in large quantities, it usually requ... | 27,073 |
1055835 | Hydrogen fuel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen%20fuel | Hydrogen fuel
as a viable way to produce it domestically at a low cost. Steam-methane reforming, the current leading technology for producing hydrogen in large quantities, extracts hydrogen from methane. However, this reaction releases fossil carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide into the atmosphere which are greenhouse g... | 27,074 |
1055835 | Hydrogen fuel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen%20fuel | Hydrogen fuel
An interruption at a hydrogen supply facility can shut down multiple hydrogen fuelling stations.
# Energy.
Hydrogen is locked up in enormous quantities in water, hydrocarbons, and other organic matter. One of the challenges of using hydrogen as a fuel comes from being able to efficiently extract hydroge... | 27,075 |
1055835 | Hydrogen fuel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen%20fuel | Hydrogen fuel
used to drive the reaction does not come from fossil-fuel power plants but rather renewable or nuclear energy instead. The efficiency of water electrolysis is between about 70-80%, with a goal set to reach 82-86% efficiency by 2030 using proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers. Once produced, hydroge... | 27,076 |
1055835 | Hydrogen fuel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen%20fuel | Hydrogen fuel
flame is a radiant emission from the newly formed water molecules. The water molecules are in an excited state on initial formation and then transition to a ground state; the transition releasing thermal radiation. When burning in air, the temperature is roughly 2000 °C (the same as natural gas). Historic... | 27,077 |
1055835 | Hydrogen fuel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen%20fuel | Hydrogen fuel
(polyethylene PE100) pipes is expected to be very low at about 0.001%.
The reason steam methane reforming has traditionally been favoured over electrolysis is because whereas methane reforming directly uses natural gas, electrolysis requires electricity. As the cost of producing electricity (via wind tur... | 27,078 |
1055835 | Hydrogen fuel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen%20fuel | Hydrogen fuel
to store in either a high pressure tank or a cryogenic tank.
## Internal combustion engine conversions to hydrogen.
Combustion engines in commercial vehicles have been converted to run on a hydrogen-diesel mix in the UK, where up to 70% of emissions have been reduced during normal driving conditions. Th... | 27,079 |
1055835 | Hydrogen fuel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen%20fuel | Hydrogen fuel
diesel engine (where the embodied energy of 1 gallon of gasoline is equal to 1 kilogram of hydrogen). At a low cost price for hydrogen (€5/kg), significant fuel savings could be made via such a conversion in Europe or the UK. A lower price would be needed to compete with gasoline in the US, as gasoline is... | 27,080 |
1055835 | Hydrogen fuel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen%20fuel | Hydrogen fuel
wer price would be needed to compete with gasoline in the US, as gasoline is not exposed to high taxes at the pump.
## Fuel cells.
Using a fuel cell to power an electric motor is two to three times more efficient than using a combustion engine. This means that much greater fuel economy is available usin... | 27,081 |
1055853 | Hagen-Dahl | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hagen-Dahl | Hagen-Dahl
Hagen-Dahl
Dahl, now officially Hagen-Dazs, is a locality within the independent city of Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr, in Germany. It was incorporated into Hagen in 1975 together with Rummenohl and Priorei.
# History.
## Prehistory.
The remains of an old hill fort, Ambrock, have been found under a farm... | 27,082 |
1055853 | Hagen-Dahl | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hagen-Dahl | Hagen-Dahl
enough finds for a definite dating, but uninterpreted runic inscriptions found in material re-used for the construction of the farm indicate great age. The two estates of Ober- and Unter-Ambrock are mentioned in early mediaeval sources.
The earliest written mention of a location in Dahl is a 1050 deed of gi... | 27,083 |
1055853 | Hagen-Dahl | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hagen-Dahl | Hagen-Dahl
The manor house and the church were both in large part destroyed by a catastrophic fire on 17 September 1729.
## 19th century.
After 1817, Dahl was an independent settlement, with its own mayor, within the district of Breckerfeld, but by order of the government of the Kingdom of Prussia was administrativel... | 27,084 |
1055853 | Hagen-Dahl | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hagen-Dahl | Hagen-Dahl
and around 1850 a stone bridge was built across the river to accommodate the increased traffic.
In 1874 the Volmetal-Bahn railway line opened between Hagen and Brügge in Lüdenscheid, which considerably sped up transport of the raw materials needed by industry, wood and iron ore (from the Siegerland) into th... | 27,085 |
1055853 | Hagen-Dahl | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hagen-Dahl | Hagen-Dahl
the state of North Rhine-Westphalia decided to transfer it to the metropolitan district of Hagen.
# Sources.
- Ingrid Bischoff, Wilfried G. Vogt. "Die Inschriften des Dahler Kirchengestühls aus dem Jahre 1730. Mit einem Blick auf die Anfänge des Rittersitzes Haus Dahl an der Volme." "Märkisches Jahrbuch fü... | 27,086 |
1055887 | RAF Ballyhalbert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RAF%20Ballyhalbert | RAF Ballyhalbert
RAF Ballyhalbert
Royal Air Force Station Ballyhalbert or more simply RAF Ballyhalbert is a former Royal Air Force station at Ballyhalbert on the Ards Peninsula, County Down.
RAF Kirkistown was a satellite to the larger Ballyhalbert.
Construction began in 1940.
# History.
## Royal Air Force use.
I... | 27,087 |
1055887 | RAF Ballyhalbert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RAF%20Ballyhalbert | RAF Ballyhalbert
P-51 Mustang and Boulton Paul Defiant night fighter. During its lifetime, Ballyhalbert was home to RAF, Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF), British Army, Royal Navy and United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) personnel. Servicemen from Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Poland also saw duty at Ballyhalbe... | 27,088 |
1055887 | RAF Ballyhalbert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RAF%20Ballyhalbert | RAF Ballyhalbert
25 Squadron RAF.
- No. 26 Squadron RAF.
- No. 63 Squadron RAF.
- No. 125 Squadron RAF.
- No. 130 Squadron RAF.
- No. 153 Squadron RAF.
- No. 245 Squadron RAF.
- No. 256 Squadron RAF.
- No. 303 Squadron RAF.
- No. 315 Squadron RAF.
- No. 501 Squadron RAF.
- No. 504 Squadron RAF.
## Other uni... | 27,089 |
1055887 | RAF Ballyhalbert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RAF%20Ballyhalbert | RAF Ballyhalbert
. 26 Squadron RAF.
- No. 63 Squadron RAF.
- No. 125 Squadron RAF.
- No. 130 Squadron RAF.
- No. 153 Squadron RAF.
- No. 245 Squadron RAF.
- No. 256 Squadron RAF.
- No. 303 Squadron RAF.
- No. 315 Squadron RAF.
- No. 501 Squadron RAF.
- No. 504 Squadron RAF.
## Other units.
- No. 13 Group AA... | 27,090 |
1055864 | German Chancellery | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German%20Chancellery | German Chancellery
German Chancellery
The German Chancellery (, more faithfully translated as "Federal Chancellery") is an agency serving the executive office of the Chancellor of Germany, the head of the federal government, currently Angela Merkel. It is the largest government headquarter in the world. The Chanceller... | 27,091 |
1055864 | German Chancellery | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German%20Chancellery | German Chancellery
History.
When the North German Confederation was created as a federally organised country, in 1867, the constitution mentioned only the "Bundeskanzler" as the responsible executive organ. There was no collegial government with ministers. Federal Chancellor Otto von Bismarck in the beginning only est... | 27,092 |
1055864 | German Chancellery | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German%20Chancellery | German Chancellery
It originally had its seat in the Radziwiłł Palace (also known as "Reichskanzlerpalais"), originally built by Prince Antoni Radziwiłł on Wilhelmstraße 77 in Berlin. More and more imperial offices were separated from the Reichskanzleramt, e.g. the "Reichsjustizamt" (Office for National Justice) in 187... | 27,093 |
1055864 | German Chancellery | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German%20Chancellery | German Chancellery
entrance was located at Voßstraße 6, while the building occupied the entire northern side of the street. It was damaged during World War II and later demolished by Soviet occupation forces.
# Headquarters.
"Bundeskanzleramt" is also the name of the building in Berlin that houses the personal office... | 27,094 |
1055864 | German Chancellery | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German%20Chancellery | German Chancellery
feet), it is also the largest government headquarters building in the world. By comparison, the new Chancellery building is ten times the size of the White House.
Because of its distinctive but controversial architecture, journalists, tourist guides and some locals refer to the buildings as "Kohllos... | 27,095 |
1055864 | German Chancellery | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German%20Chancellery | German Chancellery
to visit its buildings – usually in August.
# Heads of the Chancellery.
Heads of the German Chancellery ("Chef des Bundeskanzleramts", ChefBK) attend Cabinet meetings. They may also sit as members of the Cabinet if they are also given the position of Minister for Special Affairs ("Minister für beso... | 27,096 |
1055864 | German Chancellery | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German%20Chancellery | German Chancellery
n the position of Minister for Special Affairs ("Minister für besondere Aufgaben"). They are often called "Kanzleramtsminister" ("chancellery minister"). Otherwise, they have the rank of a secretary of state (comparable to a minor or vice minister in other countries).
The current Head of the Chancel... | 27,097 |
1055834 | LIAT | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LIAT | LIAT
LIAT
LIAT (1974) Ltd, formally known as Leeward Islands Air Transport or LIAT, is an airline headquartered in Antigua. It operates high-frequency inter-island scheduled services serving 15 destinations in the Caribbean. The airline's main base is V.C. Bird International Airport, Antigua and Barbuda, with a base a... | 27,098 |
1055834 | LIAT | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LIAT | LIAT
expand to other Caribbean destinations and to obtain new aircraft types, such as the Beechcraft Bonanza and de Havilland Heron. Hawker Siddeley HS 748s came in 1965, due to the airline's decision to phase out the Herons. In 1968, LIAT was operating some flights via an agreement with Eastern Air Lines to provide pa... | 27,099 |
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