wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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659 | American National Standards Institute | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20National%20Standards%20Institute | American National Standards Institute
(ASA). In 1966, the ASA was reorganized and became United States of America Standards Institute (USASI). The present name was adopted in 1969.
Prior to 1918, these five founding engineering societies:
- American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE, now IEEE)
- American Socie... | 27,500 |
659 | American National Standards Institute | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20National%20Standards%20Institute | American National Standards Institute
(combined in 1947 to become the Department of Defense or DOD) and Commerce to join in founding a national standards organization.
According to Adam Stanton, the first permanent secretary and head of staff in 1919, AESC started as an ambitious program and little else. Staff for the... | 27,501 |
659 | American National Standards Institute | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20National%20Standards%20Institute | American National Standards Institute
members are government agencies, organizations, academic and international bodies, and individuals. In total, the Institute represents the interests of more than 270,000 companies and organizations and 30 million professionals worldwide.
# Process.
Although ANSI itself does not d... | 27,502 |
659 | American National Standards Institute | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20National%20Standards%20Institute | American National Standards Institute
determines that the standards were developed in an environment that is equitable, accessible and responsive to the requirements of various stakeholders.
Voluntary consensus standards quicken the market acceptance of products while making clear how to improve the safety of those pr... | 27,503 |
659 | American National Standards Institute | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20National%20Standards%20Institute | American National Standards Institute
the same consensus requirements into a draft standard
- availability of an appeal by any participant alleging that these principles were not respected during the standards-development process.
# International activities.
In addition to facilitating the formation of standards in ... | 27,504 |
659 | American National Standards Institute | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20National%20Standards%20Institute | American National Standards Institute
(ISO), as a founding member, and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), via the U.S. National Committee (USNC). ANSI participates in almost the entire technical program of both the ISO and the IEC, and administers many key committees and subgroups. In many instances, ... | 27,505 |
659 | American National Standards Institute | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20National%20Standards%20Institute | American National Standards Institute
Standards Panel (ANSI-NSP)
- ID Theft Prevention and ID Management Standards Panel (IDSP)
- ANSI Energy Efficiency Standardization Coordination Collaborative (EESCC)
- Nuclear Energy Standards Coordination Collaborative (NESCC)
- Electric Vehicles Standards Panel (EVSP)
- ANSI... | 27,506 |
659 | American National Standards Institute | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20National%20Standards%20Institute | American National Standards Institute
initiative to identify and respond to the current need for standards in the nuclear industry.
## American national standards.
- The ASA (as for American Standards Association) photographic exposure system, originally defined in ASA Z38.2.1 (since 1943) and ASA PH2.5 (since 1954),... | 27,507 |
659 | American National Standards Institute | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20National%20Standards%20Institute | American National Standards Institute
Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code or EBCDIC). In Microsoft Windows, the phrase "ANSI" refers to the Windows ANSI code pages (even though they are not ANSI standards). Most of these are fixed width, though some characters for ideographic languages are variable width. Since these... | 27,508 |
659 | American National Standards Institute | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20National%20Standards%20Institute | American National Standards Institute
1968, 1974, and 1985. The COBOL 2002 standard was issued by ISO.
- The original standard implementation of the C programming language was standardized as ANSI X3.159-1989, becoming the well-known ANSI C.
- The X3J13 committee was created in 1986 to formalize the ongoing consolida... | 27,509 |
659 | American National Standards Institute | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20National%20Standards%20Institute | American National Standards Institute
used for pools, spas, hot tubs, barriers, and suction entrapment avoidance.
- The ANSI/HI (Hydraulic Institute) standards used for pumps.
- The ANSI for eye protection is Z87.1, which gives a specific impact resistance rating to the eyewear. This standard is commonly used for sho... | 27,510 |
659 | American National Standards Institute | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20National%20Standards%20Institute | American National Standards Institute
Through the ANSI-Citation partnership, 17,765 International Standards developed by more than 3,000 ISO technical bodies will be made available on the citation platform, arming subscribers with powerful search tools and collaboration, notification, and change-management functionalit... | 27,511 |
659 | American National Standards Institute | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20National%20Standards%20Institute | American National Standards Institute
ASTM E2659-09.
- In 2009, ANSI began accepting applications for certification bodies seeking accreditation according to requirements defined under the Toy Safety Certification Program (TSCP) as the official third-party accreditor of TSCP's product certification bodies.
- In 2006,... | 27,512 |
659 | American National Standards Institute | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20National%20Standards%20Institute | American National Standards Institute
ntent for China, India, and Korea, with additional countries and regions planned for future content.
- ANSI design standards have also been incorporated into building codes encompassing several specific building sub-sets, such as the ANSI/SPRI ES-1, which pertains to "Wind Design ... | 27,513 |
651 | America the Beautiful | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=America%20the%20Beautiful | America the Beautiful
America the Beautiful
"America the Beautiful" is an American patriotic song. The lyrics were written by Katharine Lee Bates, and the music was composed by church organist and choirmaster Samuel A. Ward at Grace Episcopal Church in Newark, New Jersey. The two never met.
Bates originally wrote the... | 27,514 |
651 | America the Beautiful | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=America%20the%20Beautiful | America the Beautiful
in 1910 and titled "America the Beautiful". The song is one of the most popular of the many U.S. patriotic songs.
# History.
In 1893, at the age of 33, Bates, an English professor at Wellesley College, had taken a train trip to Colorado Springs, Colorado, to teach a short summer school session a... | 27,515 |
651 | America the Beautiful | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=America%20the%20Beautiful | America the Beautiful
atop Pikes Peak.
On the pinnacle of that mountain, the words of the poem started to come to her, and she wrote them down upon returning to her hotel room at the original Antlers Hotel. The poem was initially published two years later in "The Congregationalist" to commemorate the Fourth of July. I... | 27,516 |
651 | America the Beautiful | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=America%20the%20Beautiful | America the Beautiful
the best music as early as 1910 and is still the popular tune today. Just as Bates had been inspired to write her poem, Ward, too, was inspired. The tune came to him while he was on a ferryboat trip from Coney Island back to his home in New York City after a leisurely summer day and he immediately... | 27,517 |
651 | America the Beautiful | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=America%20the%20Beautiful | America the Beautiful
the national stature his music would attain. Bates was more fortunate, since the song's popularity was well established by the time of her death in 1929.
At various times in the more than 100 years that have elapsed since the song was written, particularly during the John F. Kennedy administratio... | 27,518 |
651 | America the Beautiful | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=America%20the%20Beautiful | America the Beautiful
as "The Star-Spangled Banner". Some prefer "America the Beautiful" over "The Star-Spangled Banner" due to the latter's war-oriented imagery. Others prefer "The Star-Spangled Banner" for the same reason. While that national dichotomy has stymied any effort at changing the tradition of the national ... | 27,519 |
651 | America the Beautiful | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=America%20the%20Beautiful | America the Beautiful
United States.
# Popular versions.
Bing Crosby included the song in a medley on his album "101 Gang Songs" (1961).
Frank Sinatra recorded the song with Nelson Riddle during the sessions for "The Concert Sinatra" in February 1963, for a projected 45 single release. The 45 was not commercially is... | 27,520 |
651 | America the Beautiful | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=America%20the%20Beautiful | America the Beautiful
in 1976. A second, by Mickey Newbury, peaked at number 82 in 1980. An all-star version of "America the Beautiful" performed by country singers Trace Adkins, Sherrié Austin, Billy Dean, Vince Gill, Carolyn Dawn Johnson, Toby Keith, Brenda Lee, Lonestar, Lyle Lovett, Lila McCann, Lorrie Morgan, Jami... | 27,521 |
651 | America the Beautiful | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=America%20the%20Beautiful | America the Beautiful
with David Letterman" following the attacks, CBS newsman Dan Rather cried briefly as he quoted the fourth verse.
For Super Bowl XLVIII, The Coca-Cola Company aired a multilingual version of the song, sung in several different languages. The commercial received some criticism on social media sites... | 27,522 |
651 | America the Beautiful | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=America%20the%20Beautiful | America the Beautiful
American idiom meaning "from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean" (or vice versa). Other songs that have used this phrase include the American patriotic song "God Bless the U.S.A." and Schoolhouse Rock's "Elbow Room". The phrase and the song are also the namesake of the Shining Sea Bikeway, a ... | 27,523 |
651 | America the Beautiful | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=America%20the%20Beautiful | America the Beautiful
and the backgrounds of its authors in depth. The book points out that the poem has the same meter as that of "Auld Lang Syne"; the songs can be sung interchangeably. Additionally, Sherr discusses the evolution of the lyrics, for instance, changes to the original third verse written by Bates.
Meli... | 27,524 |
651 | America the Beautiful | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=America%20the%20Beautiful | America the Beautiful
are, as US government publications, all public domain) and placed advertisements over the video. Due in part to online outrage, Rumblefish quickly retracted the false claim on the video.
In 2019, another false copyright claim was filed against the same video, this time by The Orchard. It remains ... | 27,525 |
651 | America the Beautiful | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=America%20the%20Beautiful | America the Beautiful
US government publications, all public domain) and placed advertisements over the video. Due in part to online outrage, Rumblefish quickly retracted the false claim on the video.
In 2019, another false copyright claim was filed against the same video, this time by The Orchard. It remains uncertai... | 27,526 |
206691 | Zend Engine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zend%20Engine | Zend Engine
Zend Engine
The Zend Engine is the open source scripting engine that interprets the PHP programming language. It was originally developed by Andi Gutmans and Zeev Suraski while they were students at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. They later founded a company called Zend Technologies in Rama... | 27,527 |
206691 | Zend Engine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zend%20Engine | Zend Engine
performance, reliability and extensibility played a significant role in PHP's increasing popularity.
This was followed by "Zend Engine II" at the heart of PHP 5.
The newest version is "Zend Engine III", originally codenamed phpng, which was developed for PHP 7 and significantly improves performance.
The ... | 27,528 |
206691 | Zend Engine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zend%20Engine | Zend Engine
Runtime engine.
PHP Scripts are loaded into memory and compiled into Zend opcodes.
These opcodes are executed and the HTML generated is sent to the client.
To implement a Web script interpreter, you need three parts:
- The interpreter part analyzes the input code, translates it, and executes it.
- The ... | 27,529 |
206691 | Zend Engine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zend%20Engine | Zend Engine
and compiled into Zend opcodes.
These opcodes are executed and the HTML generated is sent to the client.
To implement a Web script interpreter, you need three parts:
- The interpreter part analyzes the input code, translates it, and executes it.
- The functionality part implements the functionality of t... | 27,530 |
206687 | Brett J. Gladman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brett%20J.%20Gladman | Brett J. Gladman
Brett J. Gladman
Brett James Gladman (born 1966) is a Canadian astronomer, discoverer of moons and minor planets, and a full professor at the University of British Columbia's Department of Physics and Astronomy in Vancouver, British Columbia. He holds the Canada Research Chair in planetary astronomy.
... | 27,531 |
206687 | Brett J. Gladman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brett%20J.%20Gladman | Brett J. Gladman
or co-discoverer of many astronomical bodies in the Solar System, asteroids, Kuiper Belt comets, and many moons of the giant planets:
- Uranus: Caliban, Sycorax, Prospero, Setebos, Stephano, and Ferdinand
- Saturn: A dozen satellites in several groups, each named after a theme of Canadian Inuit gods,... | 27,532 |
206687 | Brett J. Gladman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brett%20J.%20Gladman | Brett J. Gladman
04 XR190 ("Buffy") and 2008 KV42 ("Drac"), the first trans-Neptunian object on a retrograde orbit around the Sun.
# Honors and awards.
Gladman was awarded the H. C. Urey Prize by the Division of Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society in 2002. The main-belt asteroid 7638 Gladman is na... | 27,533 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
Appellate procedure in the United States
United States appellate procedure involves the rules and regulations for filing appeals in state courts and federal courts. The nature of an appeal can vary greatly depending on the type of case and the rules of the court in the jurisdic... | 27,534 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
a party to a court case who is unhappy with the result might be able to challenge that result in an appellate court on specific grounds. These grounds typically could include errors of law, fact, procedure or due process. In different jurisdictions, appellate courts are also cal... | 27,535 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
limited jurisdiction, with an appellate court being part of the Superior Court.
# Access to appellant status.
A party who files an appeal is called an "appellant", "plaintiff in error", "petitioner" or "pursuer", and a party on the other side is called a "appellee". A "cross-a... | 27,536 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
in a lower court decision, is appealing to a higher court to have their case reconsidered. This is usually done on the basis that the lower court judge erred in the application of law, but it may also be possible to appeal on the basis of court misconduct, or that a finding of f... | 27,537 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
is the party to an appeal in which the lower court judgment was in its favor. The appellee is required to respond to the petition, oral arguments, and legal briefs of the appellant. In general, the appellee takes the procedural posture that the lower court's decision should be a... | 27,538 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
to appeal the lower court's decision. In the Supreme Court, review in most cases is available only if the Court exercises its discretion and grants a writ of certiorari.
In tort, equity, or other civil matters either party to a previous case may file an appeal. In criminal matt... | 27,539 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
in some jurisdictions, the state or prosecution may appeal an issue of law "by leave" from the trial court or the appellate court. The ability of the prosecution to appeal a decision in favor of a defendant varies significantly internationally. All parties must present grounds t... | 27,540 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
is taken to the circuit courts of appeals, and are re-ordered only if the appeal reaches the Supreme Court.
## Appealing criminal convictions.
Many jurisdictions recognize two types of appeals, particularly in the criminal context. The first is the traditional "direct" appeal... | 27,541 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
is rare and is most often found in capital or violent felony cases. The typical scenario involves an incarcerated defendant locating DNA evidence demonstrating the defendant's actual innocence.
### Appellate review.
"Appellate review" is the general term for the process by whi... | 27,542 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
review is by filing an appeal of the final judgment. Generally, an appeal of the judgment will also allow appeal of all other orders or rulings made by the trial court in the course of the case. This is because such orders cannot be appealed "as of right". However, certain criti... | 27,543 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
appellate courts, and if unsuccessful, mount a "collateral" action such as filing for a writ of habeas corpus in the federal courts. Generally speaking, "[d]irect appeal statutes afford defendants the opportunity to challenge the merits of a judgment and allege errors of law or ... | 27,544 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
review of lower court decisions may also be obtained by filing a petition for review by prerogative writ in certain cases. There is no corresponding right to a writ in any pure or continental civil law legal systems, though some mixed systems such as Quebec recognize these prero... | 27,545 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
at trial or some other stage in the adjudicative process.
##### Preservation issues.
An appellant's claim(s) must usually be preserved at trial. This means that the defendant had to object to the error when it occurred in the trial. Because constitutional claims are of great m... | 27,546 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
of a fair trial; 4. if subject to harmless error analysis, the state has failed to demonstrate harmlessness of the alleged constitutional violation beyond a reasonable doubt.
##### collateral appeal.
All States have a post-conviction relief process. Similar to federal post-co... | 27,547 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
considered final. An appeal from the post conviction court proceeds just as a direct appeal. That is, it goes to the intermediate appellate court, followed by the highest court. If the petition is granted the appellant could be released from incarceration, the sentence could be ... | 27,548 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
is officially begun. For example, the appellant might have to file the notice of appeal with the appellate court, or with the court from which the appeal is taken, or both.
Some courts have samples of a notice of appeal on the court's own web site. In New Jersey, for example, t... | 27,549 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
can vary from country to country, as well as within a country, depending on the specific rules in force. In the U.S. federal court system, criminal defendants must file a notice of appeal within 10 days of the entry of either the judgment or the order being appealed, or the righ... | 27,550 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
and so will focus on the court's application of the law to those facts (such as whether the act found by the court to have occurred fits a legal definition at issue).
If the appellate court finds no defect, it "affirms" the judgment. If the appellate court does find a legal def... | 27,551 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
even the lower court's findings of fact. This might be the proper standard of review, for example, if the lower court resolved the case by granting a pre-trial motion to dismiss or motion for summary judgment which is usually based only upon written submissions to the trial cour... | 27,552 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
(This would happen, for example, if the appellant waited too long, under the appellate court's rules, to file the appeal.)
Generally, there is no trial in an appellate court, only consideration of the record of the evidence presented to the trial court and all the pre-trial and... | 27,553 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
that was before that court and is relevant to the appeal. In other systems, the appellate court will normally consider the record of the lower court. In those cases the record will first be certified by the lower court.
The appellant has the opportunity to present arguments for... | 27,554 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
at which the appellate judges ask questions based on their review of the record below and the submitted briefs.
In an adversarial system, appellate courts do not have the power to review lower court decisions unless a party appeals it. Therefore, if a lower court has ruled in a... | 27,555 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
attributes of a formal judicial trial. If unchallenged, these decisions have the power to settle more minor legal disputes once and for all. If a party is dissatisfied with the finding of such a tribunal, one generally has the power to request a trial "de novo" by a court of rec... | 27,556 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
The Supreme Court of Virginia has stated that '"This Court has repeatedly held that the effect of an appeal to circuit court is to "annul the judgment of the inferior tribunal as completely as if there had been no previous trial."' The only exception to this is that if a defenda... | 27,557 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
in the one charged constitutes an acquittal of the greater offense,
permitting trial de novo in the circuit court only for the lesser-included offense."
In an appeal on the record from a decision in a judicial proceeding, both appellant and respondent are bound to base their a... | 27,558 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
a result that was unjust, and which would not have resulted had the court acted properly. Some examples of reversible error would be erroneously instructing the jury on the law applicable to the case, permitting seriously improper argument by an attorney, admitting or excluding ... | 27,559 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
decided issues of fact, an appellate court will apply an "abuse of discretion" standard of review. Under this standard, the appellate court gives deference to the lower court's view of the evidence, and reverses its decision only if it were a clear abuse of discretion. This is u... | 27,560 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
convince the higher court to order a new trial on the basis that evidence earlier sought was concealed or only recently discovered. In the case of new evidence, there must be a high probability that its presence or absence would have made a material difference in the trial. Anot... | 27,561 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
court with the words "May it please the court."
After an appeal is heard, the "mandate" is a formal notice of a decision by a court of appeal; this notice is transmitted to the trial court and, when filed by the clerk of the trial court, constitutes the final judgment on the ca... | 27,562 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
case all at the same time. Remand is not required where there is nothing left to do in the case. "Generally speaking, an appellate court's judgment provides 'the final directive of the appeals courts as to the matter appealed, setting out with specificity the court's determinati... | 27,563 |
640 | Appellate procedure in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appellate%20procedure%20in%20the%20United%20States | Appellate procedure in the United States
than "review improvidently granted". In other words, after looking at the case, they chose not to say anything. The result for the case of "review improvidently granted" is effectively the same as affirmed, but without that extra higher court stamp of approval.
# See also.
- A... | 27,564 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
Helen Chadwick
Helen Chadwick (18 May 1953 – 15 March 1996) was a British sculptor, photographer and installation artist. In 1987, she became one of the first women artists to be nominated for the Turner Prize. Chadwick was known for "challenging stereotypical perceptions of the body in elegant yet unco... | 27,565 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
talking about craftsmanship—a constant fount of information". Binary oppositions was a strong theme in Chadwick's work; seductive/repulsive, male/female, organic/man-made. Her combinations "emphasise yet simultaneously dissolve the contrasts between them". Her gender representations forge a sense of ambi... | 27,566 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
a Fine Art Foundation course at Croydon College then went on to study at Brighton Polytechnic (1973-6). Chadwick recalled, "Traditional media were never dynamic enough… right from early on in art school, I wanted to use the body to create a set of inter-relationships with the audience". Chadwick’s degree... | 27,567 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
terraces that was earmarked for demolition. After squatting for two years they persuaded the Inner London Education Authority to rent, rather than demolish, the houses. Beck Road became a hive of home studios whose residents included Maureen Paley, Ray Walker and Genesis P-Orridge.
# Career.
Chadwick b... | 27,568 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
Chelsea College of Arts, London (1985–95), Central Saint Martins, London (1987–95) and the Royal College of Art (1990–94) ensured an important influence on contemporary British Art in the late 1980s and ‘90s, specifically on the Young British Artists.
Chadwick’s work really came to prominence with "Of M... | 27,569 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
to exhibit in a photography festival in Houston, Texas, where she met a local artist David Notarius. The following year he moved to Beck Road and they married.
In the summer of 1994, Chadwick's exhibition "Effluvia" opened at the Serpentine, London. This exhibition marked the high point of Chadwick's ex... | 27,570 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
College Hospital, London, photographing IVF embryos rejected for implantation.[11] She used the photos in Unnatural Selection, a series on which she was working when she died. Chadwick's work is included in the collections at the Victoria and Albert Museum, The Tate and the Museum of Modern Art.
# Gende... | 27,571 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
felt by directly taking all theses roles, the normal situation in which the viewer operated as a kind of voyeur broke down". Her BA graduate performance "Domestic Sanitation" (1976) attempted to highlight the distinction between nudity and nakedness. Her performers wore another latex skin to cover their ... | 27,572 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
that "I'm disappointed that a false rationalism is used as a stick with which to measure what I'm doing when I am looking to cross the taboos that have been instigated. I hate being hauled up as an example of negative women's work." In 1988 Chadwick made a conscious decision "...not to represent my body.... | 27,573 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
own body"
Through her career Chadwick’s concerns with gender representation moved from the objectification of women to more closely examine what gender is. Working in a time surrounded by debates around the cultural construction of gender, her work was fuelled by writings of Julia Kristeva and Michel Fo... | 27,574 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
and specificity of gender through an inversion of gender roles. Chadwick elaborated her interest in deconstructing gender binaries in a lecture she gave in 1991: "in language dual structures are defined as oppositional: where we have self, there must be other; gender is male or female, and most problemat... | 27,575 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
that symbolises that age, for example an incubator or a pram. The artist in her notebooks described the forms as "objects that a) contained me b) (re)oriented me c) moulded / shaped me". The work is printed with pictures of the object, places that relate to it and Chadwick's naked form, that conforms to ... | 27,576 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
that she felt. She attempts to free the ego from the traumas of the past.
The accompanying photographs in this installation entitled "The Labours I-X", show the naked artist bracing as she lifts each of the sculptures. The title refers to the mythical labours of Hercules that he is sentenced to after he... | 27,577 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
raw animalistic side to human nature. This work has links with the ideas of Georges Bataille, a French intellectual and literary figure who worked in fields such as anthropology, sociology, and history of art. Chadwick's "Loop My Loop" is similar to her work from 1990, titled "Nostalgie de la Boue". In t... | 27,578 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
made up of twelve sculptures that Chadwick made while on a residency at the Banff Centre for the Arts in Alberta, Canada, in February 1991. During their stay, she and her partner, David Notarius travelled to different locations, made mounds of snow and laid out a flower shaped metal cutter. They would ta... | 27,579 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
expressing themselves bodily". The work utilises the pleasure of taboo; elevating the medium of urine that is generally regarded as polluting and marginal in a dynamic and playful way. "It may have been mischievous to piss in the snow, but it was damn hard work to end up with the 12 bronzes," Chadwick re... | 27,580 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
resulting in a central penile form, the mans is diffuse and cooler and creates the labial circumference. In a poem entitled "Piss Posy ("1991) Chadwick describes the works as "Vaginal towers with male skirt/ Gender bending water sport?". Chadwick plays on sexual difference, reversing gender roles and pro... | 27,581 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
rooms of the upper galleries to house an installation made up of a number of autonomous artworks. One room was at the centre of the exhibition and took the name of The Oval Court (1984–86), an ovoid platform that lay in the middle of the space. The platform presents a twelve-part collage of layered blue ... | 27,582 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
things". Five golden spheres rest atop the platform corresponding to the finger placing’s of a huge hand, alluding to the touch of divine. On the walls of this room were photographs of the artist weeping, a Venetian glass mirror and printouts of computer-rendered drawings of the Baroque columns from the ... | 27,583 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
its levels. During the exhibition a small leak appeared in the tower and in a state of panic the ICA staff laid the column, splitting a seam. When they attempted to lay it on its side, ten gallons on fermented liquid sloshed and blew off the end of the tower. Newspapers broadcast this accident, bringing ... | 27,584 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
other important works including "Viral Landscapes", a series of works where the artist combined images of cell groups with visually appropriate parts of the Pembrokeshire coastline in Wales. These works explore the relation between host and virus as a metaphor for that between the individual and the worl... | 27,585 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
(1993) and "I Thee Wed" (1993) that consisted of lamb tongues cast in bronze, fox pelts, and vegetables encircled in rings of fur.
Along with "Piss Flowers" (see Piss Flowers section), "Cacao" attracted the most attention. The work is a fountain of liquid chocolate whose smell permeates the gallery, the... | 27,586 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
walls that surrounded "Cacao" were Chadwick's "Wreaths of Pleasure" (1992–93), a series of circular luminous photographs framed in enamelled metal that are over a metre in circumference. Combining delicate suspensions of flowers and fruit in household liquids such as hair gel and milk, the work alludes t... | 27,587 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
been triggered anywhere between the last few years of her life and the last weeks.
In 2004–2005 a retrospective of Chadwick’s work organised by the Barbican Art Gallery toured a four major galleries. These included Barbican Art Gallery (London, UK), Liljevalch Konsthall (Stockholm, Sweden), Kunstmuseet ... | 27,588 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
Young British Artist (YBA) generation. Her expanded use of materials can be seen carried through the work of many these artists. Without Chadwick's Cacao, for example, it is impossible to imagine Anya Gallacio's chocolate and flower installations. Since Chadwick's Barbican organised retrospective, the fu... | 27,589 |
206696 | Helen Chadwick | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen%20Chadwick | Helen Chadwick
can organised retrospective, the full measure of her contribution to the trajectory of contemporary British art is starting to be realised. The Richard Saltoun Gallery in London represents the estate of Helen Chadwick and has continued to show the artists work. "Works From The Estate" (2013) marked what ... | 27,590 |
206703 | Haji Gilani | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haji%20Gilani | Haji Gilani
Haji Gilani
Haji Gilani was the first person to give Hamid Karzai shelter in the province of Uruzgan, Afghanistan as Karzai launched his anti-Taliban revolt weeks before the religious militia collapsed under heavy U.S. bombing in late 2001. Gilani and his nephew were shot dead on April 3, 2003 by six gunme... | 27,591 |
206698 | Thérèse Oulton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thérèse%20Oulton | Thérèse Oulton
Thérèse Oulton
Thérèse Oulton (born 1953) is an English painter.
Born in Shropshire, Oulton studied in the late 1970s at Saint Martin's School of Art before going on to the Royal College of Art.
Oulton's work is essentially abstract though her early work often resembles rocky landscapes. Later works, ... | 27,592 |
206698 | Thérèse Oulton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thérèse%20Oulton | Thérèse Oulton
, often executed in a thick impasto, are abstract compositions with complicated and carefully worked surfaces.
A number of Oulton's later works use multiple repeated images, often with slight variations between the repetitions.
In 1987, Oulton became one of the first women artists nominated for the Tur... | 27,593 |
628 | Aldous Huxley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aldous%20Huxley | Aldous Huxley
Aldous Huxley
Aldous Leonard Huxley (26 July 1894 – 22 November 1963) was an English writer and philosopher. He authored nearly fifty books—both novels and non-fiction works—as well as wide-ranging essays, narratives, and poems.
Born into the prominent Huxley family, he graduated from Balliol College, O... | 27,594 |
628 | Aldous Huxley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aldous%20Huxley | Aldous Huxley
as one of the foremost intellectuals of his time. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature seven times and was elected Companion of Literature by the Royal Society of Literature in 1962.
Huxley was a humanist and pacifist. He grew interested in philosophical mysticism and universalism, addressi... | 27,595 |
628 | Aldous Huxley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aldous%20Huxley | Aldous Huxley
Early life.
Huxley was born in Godalming, Surrey, England, in 1894. He was the third son of the writer and schoolmaster Leonard Huxley, who edited "Cornhill Magazine", and his first wife, Julia Arnold, who founded Prior's Field School. Julia was the niece of poet and critic Matthew Arnold and the sister ... | 27,596 |
628 | Aldous Huxley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aldous%20Huxley | Aldous Huxley
short for "Ogre". He was described by his brother, Julian, as someone who frequently "[contemplated] the strangeness of things". According to his cousin and contemporary, Gervas Huxley, he had an early interest in drawing.
Huxley's education began in his father's well-equipped botanical laboratory, after... | 27,597 |
628 | Aldous Huxley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aldous%20Huxley | Aldous Huxley
dreams of becoming a doctor." In October 1913, Huxley entered Balliol College, Oxford, where he studied English literature. He volunteered for the British Army in January 1916, for the Great War; however, he was rejected on health grounds, being half-blind in one eye. His eyesight later partly recovered. ... | 27,598 |
628 | Aldous Huxley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aldous%20Huxley | Aldous Huxley
remembered as being an incompetent schoolmaster unable to keep order in class. Nevertheless, Blair and others spoke highly of his excellent command of language.
Significantly, Huxley also worked for a time during the 1920s at Brunner and Mond, an advanced chemical plant in Billingham in County Durham, no... | 27,599 |
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