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43855 | Peter Bogdanovich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Bogdanovich | Peter Bogdanovich
only to culturally significant films.
In 2010, Bogdanovich joined the directing faculty at the School of Filmmaking at the University of North Carolina School of the Arts. On April 17, 2010, he was awarded the Master of Cinema Award at the 12th Annual RiverRun International Film Festival. In 2011, he... | 32,100 |
43855 | Peter Bogdanovich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Bogdanovich | Peter Bogdanovich
excessive violence in the movies:
Bogdanovich's most recent film, "She's Funny That Way", was released in theaters and on demand in 2014.
# Miscellaneous.
- "Great Performances" - episode - James Stewart: A Wonderful Life - Himself (1987)
- "Great Performances" - episode - Bacall on Bogart - Himse... | 32,101 |
43855 | Peter Bogdanovich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Bogdanovich | Peter Bogdanovich
- Himself (2006)
- "American Masters" - episode - John Ford/John Wayne: The Filmmaker and the Legend - Himself (2006)
- "Stagecoach: A Story of Redemption" - Video Documentary - Himself (2006)
- "Commemoration: Howard Hawks' "Rio Bravo"" - Video short - Himself (2007)
- "The Size of Legends, The S... | 32,102 |
43855 | Peter Bogdanovich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Bogdanovich | Peter Bogdanovich
- Red River Criterion Collection Edition Audio excerpts Special Feature (2014)
## Unmade films.
- "The Criminals" (1966) - a World War Two film for Roger Corman
- "Lonesome Dove" (1972) - a Western from a script by Larry McMurtry who turned it into the best selling novel
- "The Apple Tree" (early ... | 32,103 |
43855 | Peter Bogdanovich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Bogdanovich | Peter Bogdanovich
"The Lady in the Moon" (early 1980s) from a script by Larry McMurtry
- "Private Lives" with Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton from the play by Noël Coward (early 1980s - they later appeared in it on stage)
- "Paradise Road" (late 1980s) from a novel by David Scott Milton to star Frank Sinatra set ... | 32,104 |
43855 | Peter Bogdanovich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Bogdanovich | Peter Bogdanovich
Coleman in "Tootsie" (1982). He also directed a scene in the John Cassavetes film "Love Streams" (1984).
# Books.
Books by Peter Bogdanovich:
- 1961: "The Cinema of Orson Welles". New York: Museum of Modern Art Film Library. .
- 1962: "The Cinema of Howard Hawks". New York: Museum of Modern Art Fi... | 32,105 |
43855 | Peter Bogdanovich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Bogdanovich | Peter Bogdanovich
House. . Expanded edition, 1985: "Pieces of Time: Peter Bogdanovich on the Movies, 1961-1985". .
- 1984: "The Killing Of The Unicorn - Dorothy Stratten 1960-1980". William Morrow and Company. .
- 1992: "This is Orson Welles". HarperPerennial. .
- 1995: "A Moment with Miss Gish". Santa Barbara: Sant... | 32,106 |
43855 | Peter Bogdanovich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Bogdanovich | Peter Bogdanovich
(one solo commentary, and one with actors Cybill Shepherd, Randy Quaid, Cloris Leachman and Frank Marshall)
- "The Sopranos" (TV series) (episode "Sentimental Education")
- "What's Up, Doc?"
- "Paper Moon"
- "Daisy Miller"
- "Nickelodeon"
- "Saint Jack"
- "They All Laughed"
- "Mask"
- "The Th... | 32,107 |
43855 | Peter Bogdanovich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Bogdanovich | Peter Bogdanovich
excepts of director Howard Hawks
- "M", with digital transfer supervisor Torsten Kaiser and restoration supervisor Martin Koerber, plus audio interview excerpts of director Fritz Lang
- "The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance"
- "Othello", with Orson Welles scholar Myron Meisel, on the Criterion Collecti... | 32,108 |
43855 | Peter Bogdanovich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Bogdanovich | Peter Bogdanovich
- "Strangers on a Train", with "Psycho" screenwriter Joseph Stefano, Patricia Highsmith biographer Andrew Wilson and other participants
- "To Catch a Thief", with film historian Laurent Bouzereau
- "The Third Man", on the Criterion Collection edition of the film
- "Make Way for Tomorrow", on the Cr... | 32,109 |
2507270 | Ghost frog | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20frog | Ghost frog
Ghost frog
The Heleophrynidae are a family of order Anura, commonly known as ghost frogs. The family consists of two genera, "Heleophryne" and "Hadromophryne", with seven species. Ghost frogs live in swift-moving mountain streams in South Africa. The common name of "ghost frogs" may have been coined because... | 32,110 |
2507270 | Ghost frog | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20frog | Ghost frog
the tadpoles contain in their mouths, the mouthparts are modified into sucking discs, to allow them to cling to substrates, and remain still while they are feeding.
# Taxonomy.
The ghost frogs are closely related to the family Sooglossidae, which inhabit the Seychelles. They may also be closely related to ... | 32,111 |
2507270 | Ghost frog | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20frog | Ghost frog
e depressa"
- Hewitt's ghost frog, "Heleophryne hewitti"
- Eastern ghost frog, "Heleophryne orientalis"
- Purcell's ghost frog, "Heleophryne purcelli"
- Royal ghost frog, "Heleophryne regis"
- Rose's ghost frog, "Heleophryne rosei"
# EDGE endangered species.
On January 21, 2008, Evolutionarily Distinc... | 32,112 |
2507263 | 1925 New Zealand general election | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1925%20New%20Zealand%20general%20election | 1925 New Zealand general election
1925 New Zealand general election
The New Zealand general election of 1925 was held 4 November (the Māori vote had taken place the previous day) to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 22nd session of the New Zealand Parliament. A total number of 678,877 (90.02%) voters turned out to vote. ... | 32,113 |
2507263 | 1925 New Zealand general election | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1925%20New%20Zealand%20general%20election | 1925 New Zealand general election
majority of 30.
Leonard Isitt and George Witty were both appointed to the Legislative Council by Gordon Coates on 28 October 1925; shortly before the election on 4 November. Both were Liberals but their retirement removed "a source of some bitterness from the Party's ranks".
Gordon C... | 32,114 |
43870 | Johanna Schopenhauer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johanna%20Schopenhauer | Johanna Schopenhauer
Johanna Schopenhauer
Johanna Schopenhauer (née Trosiener; July 9, 1766 – April 17, 1838) was a German author. She is today known primarily for being the mother of Arthur Schopenhauer.
# Biography.
Johanna Schopenhauer was born in Gdańsk, the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, to a family of middle-... | 32,115 |
43870 | Johanna Schopenhauer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johanna%20Schopenhauer | Johanna Schopenhauer
considering it improper that a girl of her class exercised "a trade."
At 18 years of age she married Heinrich Floris Schopenhauer, a much wealthier merchant twenty years her senior. He was to become the father of her two children, Arthur and Adele Schopenhauer, who were born in 1788 and 1797, resp... | 32,116 |
43870 | Johanna Schopenhauer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johanna%20Schopenhauer | Johanna Schopenhauer
that his wealth could open to her. The marriage was stable, but from the beginning Johanna felt that her happiness and that of her husband depended on her resignation to his will.
One year after her husband's death in 1805, Johanna and her daughter moved to Weimar, a town where Johanna had neither... | 32,117 |
43870 | Johanna Schopenhauer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johanna%20Schopenhauer | Johanna Schopenhauer
war, Johanna was quite active in providing services to those who were in need, nursing German soldiers and giving asylum to less fortunate citizens, whose houses had been taken over by French soldiers. With that, she quickly became a popular figure in Weimar.
After the war, she gained a high reput... | 32,118 |
43870 | Johanna Schopenhauer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johanna%20Schopenhauer | Johanna Schopenhauer
it greatly contributed to their friendship the fact that Johanna was the first upper-class woman in Weimar to open the doors of her house to Christiane Vulpius, Goethe's mistress, who had hitherto been excluded from the shining social scene of the city owing not only to her lowly background, but al... | 32,119 |
43870 | Johanna Schopenhauer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johanna%20Schopenhauer | Johanna Schopenhauer
these studies behind and follow his desire to become a scholar.
Mother and son, however, did not get along. In letters written to Schopenhauer, Johanna makes it very clear how distressed she was at her son's pessimism, his arrogance, and his imperious ways. (Schopenhauer's own letters to his mothe... | 32,120 |
43870 | Johanna Schopenhauer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johanna%20Schopenhauer | Johanna Schopenhauer
arguments; the pivot was Johanna's friendship with another lodger, a younger man called Georg von Gerstenbergk.
After 1814, mother and son never met again. All the communication between the two was from then on through letters, but even this was interrupted after Johanna read a correspondence from... | 32,121 |
43870 | Johanna Schopenhauer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johanna%20Schopenhauer | Johanna Schopenhauer
in a banking crisis. Schopenhauer volunteered to share with them the inheritance he received from his father, but Johanna refused the offer.
It was only in 1831 that the correspondence between mother and son resumed. It was Schopenhauer who took the first step, motivated, apparently, by his many d... | 32,122 |
43870 | Johanna Schopenhauer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johanna%20Schopenhauer | Johanna Schopenhauer
will Johanna made Adele her sole heir. But this was probably motivated, not so much to slight the son, but in recognition that the daughter would be in greater difficulties in future years, since Schopenhauer not only managed to conserve his part of the fatherly inheritance but even doubled it, whe... | 32,123 |
43870 | Johanna Schopenhauer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johanna%20Schopenhauer | Johanna Schopenhauer
the collection filled no less than 24 volumes. Despite all this production, her critical acclaim and commercial success, Johanna was never able to make up for the financial losses of the 1810s. Unable to maintain their lifestyle in Weimar, and also for health reasons, Johanna and Adele moved to Bon... | 32,124 |
43870 | Johanna Schopenhauer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johanna%20Schopenhauer | Johanna Schopenhauer
last work, her autobiography, which narrates her early life until shortly after Arthur's birth.
# Works.
Not long after her arrival in Weimar Johanna began to publish her writings, consisting of articles on paintings with special attention on Jan van Eyck's work. In 1810, she published her first ... | 32,125 |
43870 | Johanna Schopenhauer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johanna%20Schopenhauer | Johanna Schopenhauer
travelogues. Prior to Heinrich Floris' death, the family made trips through Western Europe, mostly in order to help Arthur, then a teenager, develop the skills of a merchant. But the trips were also of great use to Johanna, serving as raw material for her travelogues, which were very successful at ... | 32,126 |
43870 | Johanna Schopenhauer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johanna%20Schopenhauer | Johanna Schopenhauer
& Hall — Johanna's only book to be introduced to the Anglophone world since the turn to the 20th century.) Then came her fiction work, which, for a little more than a decade, turned her into the most famous woman author in Germany. The following are her best known novels: "Gabriele" (1819), "Die Ta... | 32,127 |
2507218 | 1911 New Zealand general election | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1911%20New%20Zealand%20general%20election | 1911 New Zealand general election
1911 New Zealand general election
The New Zealand general election of 1911 was held on Thursday, 7 and 14 December in the general electorates, and on Tuesday, 19 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 18th session of the New Zealand Parliament. A total num... | 32,128 |
2507218 | 1911 New Zealand general election | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1911%20New%20Zealand%20general%20election | 1911 New Zealand general election
able to retain office, but in 1912, Reform Party founder William Massey formed a new government.
Joseph Ward hoped to remain in power with the support of independents and Labour Party members. Several candidates before the election made commitments to support the Ward Government in th... | 32,129 |
2507218 | 1911 New Zealand general election | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1911%20New%20Zealand%20general%20election | 1911 New Zealand general election
The end result was even at 39 all, with the Speaker casting the deciding vote in favour of the Ward Government. Joseph Ward then resigned as Prime Minister on 28 March 1912. He was succeeded by Thomas Mackenzie and his new Cabinet was sworn in. The Mackenzie Government lasted only two ... | 32,130 |
2507218 | 1911 New Zealand general election | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1911%20New%20Zealand%20general%20election | 1911 New Zealand general election
seven days later. Two 1913 by-elections (Grey and Lyttelton) also required second ballots.
The Second Ballot Act did not apply to the Maori electorates, and was used only in 1908 and 1911, as it was repealed in 1913.
In 1911 were the first triennial national referendum on prohibition... | 32,131 |
2507218 | 1911 New Zealand general election | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1911%20New%20Zealand%20general%20election | 1911 New Zealand general election
Referendums were subsequently held in conjunction with each general election (except for 1931 and 1951) until they were abolished in 1989.
# Summary of changes.
A boundary redistribution resulted in the abolition of four electorates:
- , held by Thomas Buxton
- , held by Edward New... | 32,132 |
2507255 | 1922 New Zealand general election | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1922%20New%20Zealand%20general%20election | 1922 New Zealand general election
1922 New Zealand general election
The New Zealand general election of 1922 was held on Monday, 6 December in the Māori electorates, and on Tuesday, 7 December in the general electorates to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 21st session of the New Zealand Parliament. A total number of 700... | 32,133 |
2507255 | 1922 New Zealand general election | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1922%20New%20Zealand%20general%20election | 1922 New Zealand general election
members.
Liberal was in decline and disorganised. Just before the 1925 election (held on 4 November), two Liberal MPs from Christchurch who had supported Massey (along with Independents Harry Atmore and Allen Bell) were appointed to the Legislative Council. They were Leonard Isitt and... | 32,134 |
2507255 | 1922 New Zealand general election | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1922%20New%20Zealand%20general%20election | 1922 New Zealand general election
itterness from the Party’s ranks (Coates rewarded them with seats in the Legislative Council the day after the election)". Gordon Coates was Reform, and both of their seats went to Reform candidates in 1925.
# Party Totals.
## Party totals.
"*Note: For numbers of candidates see Wils... | 32,135 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
Assata Shakur
Assata Olugbala Shakur (born JoAnne Deborah Byron; July 16, 1947, sometimes referred to by her married surname Chesimard) is a former member of the Black Liberation Army, who was convicted of the first-degree murder of State Trooper Werner Foerster during a shootout on the New Jersey Turnpi... | 32,136 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
at Borough of Manhattan Community College and City College of New York. After graduation, she began using the name Assata Shakur, and briefly joined the Black Panther Party. She then joined the Black Liberation Army, a loosely-knit offshoot of the Black Panthers which led an armed struggle against the US ... | 32,137 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
BLA members Sundiata Acoli and Zayd Malik Shakur. Harper was wounded; Zayd was killed; Foerster was killed by Acoli. Between 1973 and 1977, she was charged with murder, attempted murder, armed robbery, bank robbery, and kidnapping in relation to the shootout and six other incidents. She was acquitted on t... | 32,138 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
in 1979, later surfacing in Cuba in 1984 where she was granted political asylum.
Shakur has lived in Cuba since 1984, despite US government efforts to have her returned. The FBI has added her to its list of most-wanted terrorists as Joanne Deborah Chesimard.
# Early life and education.
Assata Shakur wa... | 32,139 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
Parsons Junior High School. However, she still frequently visited her grandparents in the south. The family struggled financially and argued frequently; Shakur spent little time at home. She often ran away, staying with strangers and working for short periods of time, until she was taken in by her mother'... | 32,140 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
took her to museums, theaters, and art galleries, and the conflicts that did rise between the two were typically due to Shakur's habit of lying.
Shakur converted to Roman Catholicism as a child and attended the all-girls Cathedral High School, for six months before transferring to public high school, whi... | 32,141 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
a sugar-coated version of history that ignored the oppression suffered by people of color, especially in the United States. In her autobiography she later wrote: "I didn’t know what a fool they had made out of me until I grew up and started to read real history".
Shakur attended Borough of Manhattan Comm... | 32,142 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
studies program. In April 1967, she married Louis Chesimard, a fellow student-activist at CCNY. The married life ended within a year; they divorced in December 1970. Shakur's marriage receives one paragraph in her memoir, she wrote that it ended over their differing views of gender roles.
# Black Panther... | 32,143 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
community outreach. She soon left the party, disliking the macho behavior of the men and believing that the BPP lacked knowledge and understanding of United States black history. Shakur then joined the Black Liberation Army (BLA), an offshoot of the BPP whose members, inspired by the Vietcong and the Batt... | 32,144 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
means "thankful one" in Arabic. Olugbala means "savior" in Yoruba. She now identified as an African and felt her old name no longer fit: "It sounded so strange when people called me Joanne. It really had nothing to do with me. I didn’t feel like no Joanne, or no negro, or no amerikan. I felt like an Afric... | 32,145 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
to this incident but refused to elaborate.
She was booked on charges of attempted robbery, felonious assault, reckless endangerment, and possession of a deadly weapon, then released on bail. Shakur is alleged to have said that she was glad that she had been shot since, afterward, she was no longer afraid... | 32,146 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
Shakur. In 1987, when asked in Cuba about police allegations that the BLA funded themselves through bank robberies and theft, Shakur responded, "There were expropriations, there were bank robberies."
On December 21, 1971, Shakur was named by the New York City Police Department as one of four suspects in ... | 32,147 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
the summer of 1971.
Shakur was one of those wanted for questioning for wounding a police officer attempting to serve a traffic summons in Brooklyn on January 26, 1972. After an $89,000 Brooklyn bank robbery on March 1, 1972, a "Daily News" headline asked: "Was that JoAnne?"; Shakur was also wanted for qu... | 32,148 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
"series of cold-blooded murders of New York City police officers". The FBI said these included the "execution style murders" of New York City Police Officers Joseph Piagentini and Waverly Jones on May 21, 1971, and NYPD officers Gregory Foster and Rocco Laurie on January 28, 1972. Shakur was alleged to ha... | 32,149 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
There were people [in the BLA] who absolutely took the position that it was just time to resist, and if black people didn't start to fight back against police brutality and didn't start to wage armed resistance, we would be annihilated."
Some sources identify Shakur as the "de facto" head of the BLA afte... | 32,150 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
they themselves had created a "myth" to "demonize" Shakur because she was "educated", "young and pretty".
As of February 17, 1972, when Shakur was identified as one of four BLA members on a short trip to Chattanooga, Tennessee, she was wanted for questioning (along with Robert Vickers, Twyman Meyers, Sam... | 32,151 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
and the allegations against her.
According to Cleaver and Katsiaficas, the FBI and local police "initiated a national search-and-destroy mission for suspected BLA members, collaborating in stakeouts that were the products of intensive political repression and counterintelligence campaigns like NEWKILL". ... | 32,152 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
targeted by the FBI's COINTELPRO as a result of her involvement with the black liberation organizations. Specifically, documentary evidence suggests that Shakur was targeted by an investigation named CHESROB, which "attempted to hook former New York Panther Joanne Chesimard (Assata Shakur) to virtually ev... | 32,153 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
East Brunswick for driving with a broken tail light by State Trooper James Harper, backed up by Trooper Werner Foerster in a second patrol vehicle. The vehicle was also "slightly" exceeding the speed limit. Recordings of Trooper Harper calling the dispatcher were played at the trials of both Acoli and Ass... | 32,154 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
is at this point, with the questioning of Acoli, that the accounts of the confrontation begin to differ (see the witnesses section below). However, in the ensuing shootout, Trooper Foerster was shot twice in the head with his own gun and killed, Zayd Shakur was killed, and Assata Shakur and Trooper Harper... | 32,155 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
and held up a semi-automatic pistol and ammunition magazine, and said "Jim, look what I found", while facing Harper at the rear of the vehicle. At this point, Assata Shakur and Zayd Shakur were ordered to put their hands on their laps and not to move; Harper said that Assata Shakur then reached down to th... | 32,156 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
According to the testimony of State Police investigators, two jammed semi-automatic pistols were discovered near Foerster's body.
Acoli then drove the car (a white Pontiac LeMans with Vermont license plates)—which contained Assata Shakur, who was wounded, and Zayd Shakur, who was dead or dying— down the ... | 32,157 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
and bloodhounds. Zayd Shakur's body was found in a nearby gully along the road.
According to a New Jersey Police spokesperson, Assata Shakur was on her way to a "new hideout in Philadelphia" and "heading ultimately for Washington" and a book in the vehicle contained a list of potential BLA targets. Assat... | 32,158 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
and arraigned from her hospital bed, and her medical care during this period is often alleged to have been "substandard". She was transferred from Middlesex General Hospital in New Brunswick to Roosevelt Hospital in Edison after her lawyers obtained a court order from Judge John Bachman, and then transfer... | 32,159 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
1977, in New York and New Jersey, Shakur was indicted ten times, resulting in seven different criminal trials. Shakur was charged with two bank robberies, the kidnapping of a Brooklyn heroin dealer, the attempted murder of two Queens police officers stemming from a January 23, 1973, failed ambush, and eig... | 32,160 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
ordered a change of venue in 1973 from Middlesex to Morris County, New Jersey, saying "it was almost impossible to obtain a jury here comprising people willing to accept the responsibility of impartiality so that defendants will be protected from transitory passion and prejudice." Polls of residents in Mi... | 32,161 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
prosecution against Shakur in New Jersey state court, her lawyers requested that the trial be postponed for six months to permit further preparation. Judge Lee P. Gagliardi denied a postponement, and the Second Circuit denied Shakur's petition for mandamus. In protest, the lawyers stayed mute, and Shakur ... | 32,162 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
in the holdup. The prosecution called four witnesses: Avon White and John Rivers (both of whom had already been convicted of the robbery) and the manager and teller of the bank. White and Rivers, although convicted, had not yet been sentenced for the robbery and were promised that the charges would be dro... | 32,163 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
after walking out of the courtroom after many of her attempted motions were denied. The trial was delayed for a few days after Shakur was diagnosed with pleurisy.
During the trial, the defendants were escorted to a "holding pen" outside the courtroom several times after shouting complaints and epithets a... | 32,164 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
recent contempt conviction for his actions during the "Chicago Seven" trial.
Sadiki's lawyer, Robert Bloom, attempted to have the trial dismissed and then postponed due to new "revelations" regarding the credibility of White, a former co-defendant working for the prosecution. Bloom had been assigned to d... | 32,165 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
the jury with information they requested about how long the defense had been given to prepare, saying it was "none of their concern". This trial resulted in a hung jury and then a mistrial when the jury reported to Gagliardi that they were hopelessly deadlocked for the fourth time.
## Bronx bank robbery ... | 32,166 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
record. Shakur was ejected following an argument with Williams, and Hilton left with her as jury selection continued. After the selection of twelve jurors (60 were excused), Williams was allowed to retire from the case, with Shakur officially representing herself, assisted by lawyer Florynce Kennedy. In t... | 32,167 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
in any of the photographs. Although both White and Rivers testified that Shakur was wearing overalls during the robbery, the person identified as Shakur in the photograph was wearing a jacket. The defense attempted to discredit White on the grounds that he had spent eight months in Matteawan Hospital for ... | 32,168 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
the retrial, the defendants repeatedly left or were thrown out of the courtroom. Both defendants were acquitted in the retrial; six jurors interviewed after the trial stated that they did not believe the two key prosecution witnesses. Shakur was immediately returned to Morristown, New Jersey, under a heav... | 32,169 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
unsuccessfully attempted to remove the trial to federal court.
Before jury selection was complete, it was discovered that Shakur was pregnant. Due to the possibility of miscarriage, the prosecution successfully requested a mistrial for Shakur; Acoli's trial continued.
## Attempted murder dismissal.
Sha... | 32,170 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
Jefferson and Robert Hayes) were named in an indictment involving the same charges. On April 26, while Shakur was pregnant, New Jersey Governor Brendan Byrne signed an extradition order to move Shakur to New York to face two counts of attempted murder, attempted assault, and possession of dangerous weapon... | 32,171 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
In November 1974, New York State Supreme Court Justice Peter Farrell dismissed the attempted murder indictment because of insufficient evidence, declaring "The court can only note with disapproval that virtually a year has passed before counsel made an application for the most basic relief permitted by la... | 32,172 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
leaving a note demanding a $20,000 ransom from the bar owner, and fleeing in a rented truck. Freeman was said to have later escaped unhurt. The text of Shakur's opening statement in the trial is reproduced in her autobiography. Shakur and co-defendant Ronald Myers were acquitted on December 19, 1975, afte... | 32,173 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
of November 5 that year. The trial was delayed until 1976, when Shakur was represented by Stanley Cohen and Evelyn Williams. In this trial, Shakur acted as her own co-counsel and told the jury in her opening testimony:
I have decided to act as co-counsel, and to make this opening statement, not because I... | 32,174 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
but three other bank employees (including two tellers) testified that they were uncertain. The prosecution showed surveillance photos of four of the six alleged robbers, contending that one of them was Shakur wearing a wig. Shakur was forcibly subdued and photographed by the FBI on the judge's order, afte... | 32,175 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
appear on the court record. Shortly after deliberation began, the jury asked to see all the photographic exhibits taken from the surveillance footage. The jury determined that a widely circulated FBI photo allegedly showing Shakur participating in the robbery was not her.
Shakur was acquitted after seven... | 32,176 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
another was shot and killed in a gunfight in Florida on December 31, 1971, and the last remained at large at the time of Shakur's acquittal.
## Turnpike shootout retrial.
By the time she was retried in 1977, Acoli had already been convicted of shooting and murdering Foerster. The prosecution argued that... | 32,177 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
relating to the various crimes with which Shakur had been accused. Shakur again attempted to remove the trial to federal court. The United States District Court for the District of New Jersey denied the petition and also denied Shakur an injunction against the holding of trial proceedings on Fridays (the ... | 32,178 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
J. Barone, the first assistant Middlesex County prosecutor (directing the case for the state), William Kunstler (the chief of Shakur's defense staff) moved immediately for a mistrial, calling the eight-count grand jury indictment "adversary proceeding solely and exclusively under the control of the prosec... | 32,179 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
to testify about the Counter Intelligence Program, which they alleged was designed to harass and disrupt black activist organizations. Kunstler had previously been successful in subpoenaing Kelley and Church for the trials of American Indian Movement (AIM) members charged with murdering FBI agents. The mo... | 32,180 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
by her own attorney, Stuart Ball, for under 40 minutes, and then cross-examined by Barone for less than two hours (see the Witnesses section below). Ball's questioning ended with the following exchange:
On that night of May 2[n]d, did you shoot, kill, execute or have anything to do with the death of Troo... | 32,181 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
restaurant shortly before the shooting. Shakur admitted to carrying an identification card with the name "Justine Henderson" in her billfold the night of the shootout, but denied using any of the aliases on the long list that Barone proceeded to read.
### Defense attorneys.
Shakur's defense attorneys we... | 32,182 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
became involved in Shakur's trials in 1975, when contacted by Williams, and commuted from New York City to New Brunswick every day with Stern.
Her attorneys, in particular Lennox Hinds, were often held in contempt of court, which the National Conference of Black Lawyers cited as an example of systemic bi... | 32,183 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
of New Jersey State Troopers guarding the courthouse were under strict orders from their commander, Col. Clinton Pagano, to completely shun Shakur's defense attorneys.
Judge Appleby also threatened Kunstler with dismissal and contempt of court after he delivered an October 21, 1976 speech at nearby Rutge... | 32,184 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
disappearance of trial documents, amounting to half of the legal papers related to her case. Her lawyers also claimed that their offices were bugged.
### Witnesses.
Sundiata Acoli, Assata Shakur, Trooper Harper, and a New Jersey Turnpike driver who saw part of the incident were the only surviving witnes... | 32,185 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
raised her arms to comply with his demand. She said that the second shot hit her in the back as she turned to avoid it, and that she fell onto the road for the duration of the gunfight before crawling back into the backseat of the Pontiac—which Acoli drove down the road and parked. She testified that she ... | 32,186 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
Foerster yelled and held up an ammunition magazine as Shakur simultaneously reached into her red pocketbook, pulled out a nine-millimeter weapon and fired at him. Trooper Harper's reports then state that he ran to the rear of his car and shot at Shakur who had exited the vehicle and was firing from a crou... | 32,187 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
formally opened, when it was determined that Sheriff Joseph DeMarino of Middlesex County, while a private detective several years earlier, had worked for a lawyer who represented the juror's husband. Judge Appleby repeatedly denied Kunstler's requests for DeMarino to be removed from his responsibilities f... | 32,188 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
of "" by Alex Haley from a position on the defense counsel table easily visible to jurors. The "Roots" TV miniseries adapted from the book and shown shortly before the trial was believed to have evoked feelings of "guilt and sympathy" with many white viewers.
Shakur's attorneys sought a new trial on the ... | 32,189 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
agent that a New Jersey State Assembly member had addressed the jury at the hotel where they were sequestered, urging them to convict Shakur.
### Medical evidence.
A key element of Shakur's defense was medical testimony meant to demonstrate that she was shot with her hands up and that she would have bee... | 32,190 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
paralyzed her right arm, would only have been caused if both arms were raised, and that to sustain such injuries while crouching and firing a weapon (as described in Trooper Harper's testimony) "would be anatomically impossible".
Davidson based his testimony on an August 4, 1976, examination of Shakur an... | 32,191 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
immediate second shot entered the fleshy part of her upper left arm" to which Davidson replied "Impossible."
Dr. David Spain, a pathologist from Brookdale Community College, testified that her bullet scars as well as X-rays supported her claim that her arms were raised, and that there was "no conceivable... | 32,192 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
grounds of a conflict of interest when approached because they routinely performed such work for law enforcement officials.
### Other evidence.
According to Angela Davis, neutron activation analysis that was administered after the shootout showed no gunpowder residue on Shakur's fingers and forensic ana... | 32,193 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
knew of Foerster's involvement in the shoot-out until his body was discovered beside his patrol car, more than an hour later.
### Conviction and sentencing.
On March 24, the jurors listened for 45 minutes to a rereading of testimony of the State Police chemist regarding the blood found at the scene, on ... | 32,194 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
separately the four assault charges (atrocious assault and battery, assault on a police officer acting in the line of duty, assault with a deadly weapon, and assault with intent to kill), each of which carried a total maximum penalty of 33 years in prison. The other charges were: first-degree murder (of F... | 32,195 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
either Trooper Foerster or Zayd Shakur: being an accomplice to murder carries an equivalent life sentence under New Jersey law. Upon hearing the verdict, Shakur said—in a "barely audible voice"—that she was "ashamed that I have even taken part in this trial" and that the jury was "racist" and had "convict... | 32,196 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
the verdict on racism, stating that "the white element was there to destroy her". When asked by a reporter why, if that were the case, it took the jury 24 hours to reach a verdict, Kunstler replied, "That was just a pretense." A few minutes later the prosecutor Barone disagreed with Kunstler's assessment ... | 32,197 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
dismissed the second-degree murder of Zayd Shakur, as the New Jersey Supreme Court had recently narrowed the application of the law. Appleby finally sentenced Shakur to 30 days in the Middlesex County Workhouse for contempt of court, concurrent with the other sentences, for refusing to rise when he entere... | 32,198 |
43824 | Assata Shakur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata%20Shakur | Assata Shakur
club on December 28, 1972, ruling that the state had delayed too long in bringing her to trial. Judge Starkey said, "People have constitutional rights, and you can't shuffle them around." The case was delayed in being brought to trial as a result of an agreement between the governors of New York and New J... | 32,199 |
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