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74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
were no longer permitted to enter. During this period, the area was given a new gabled roof, clerestory windows and vaulting.
When the Crusaders took control of the site Jews were banned from using the synagogues.
In the year 1113 during the reign of Baldwin II of Jerusalem, according to Ali of... | 38,000 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
Chronicle under the year 1119; "In this year was opened the tomb of Abraham, and those of his two sons Isaac and Jacob ...Many people saw the Patriarch. Their limbs had nowise been disturbed, and beside them were placed lamps of gold and of silver." The Damascene nobleman and historian Ibn al-Qal... | 38,001 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
Hebron to kiss the tombs of my ancestors in the Cave. On that day, I stood in the cave and prayed, praise be to God, (in gratitude) for everything."
In 1170, Benjamin of Tudela visited the city, which he called by its Frankish name, "St.Abram de Bron". He reported:
## Ayyubid period.
In 1188 S... | 38,002 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
1318 and 1320, the Mamluk, the governor of Gaza, a province that included Hebron, Sanjar al-Jawli ordered the construction of the Amir Jawli Mosque within the Haram enclosure to enlarge the prayer space and accommodate worshipers. In the late 14th century, under the Mamluks, two additional entran... | 38,003 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
Isaac, Rebecca, Jacob, Leah, Abraham, and Sarah, respectively), distributed evenly throughout the enclosure. The Mamluks forbade Jews from entering the site, allowing them only as close as the fifth step on a staircase at the southeast, but after some time this was increased to the seventh step.
... | 38,004 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
of Constantinople furnish these carpets, which are renewed from time to time. Ali Bey counted nine, one over the other, upon the sepulchre of Abraham.
A contemporary traveller, M. Ermete Pierotti, in 1862 described the great jealousy with which the Muslims guard the sanctuary and the practice of... | 38,005 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
the Israeli occupation of the West Bank in the Six-Day War, Hebron came under Jewish control for the first time in 2,000 years and the 700-year-long restriction limiting Jews to the seventh step outside was lifted.
According to the Chief Rabbi of the Israel Defense Forces, Major general Rabbi Sh... | 38,006 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
them down. He entered the mosque and began to pray, becoming the first Jew to enter the compound for about 700 years. While praying, a messenger from the Mufti of Hebron delivered a surrender note to him, whereby the rabbi replied "This place, Ma'arat HaMachpela, is a place of prayer and peace. S... | 38,007 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
first Jewish wedding ceremony to take place in it was on August 7, 1968. The stone stairway leading to the mosque was also destroyed in order to erase the humiliating "seventh step".
In 1968, a special arrangement was made to accommodate Jewish services on the Jewish New Year and Day of Atonemen... | 38,008 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
returning from prayers at the tomb left 6 dead and 17 wounded.
In 1981, a group of Jewish settlers from the Hebron community lead by Noam Arnon broke into the caves and took photos of the burial chambers.
Tensions would later increase as the Israeli government signed the Oslo Accords in Septemb... | 38,009 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
The resulting riots resulted in a further 35 deaths.
The increased sensitivity of the site meant that in 1996 the Wye River Accords, part of the Arab-Israeli peace process, included a temporary status agreement for the site restricting access for both Jews and Muslims. As part of this agreement,... | 38,010 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
special significance in Judaism. One of these days is the Shabbat "Chayei Sarah", when the Torah portion concerning the death of Sarah and the purchase by Abraham of the land in which the caves are situated, is read.
The Israeli authorities do not allow Jewish religious authorities the right to ... | 38,011 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
from many of the roads in the area.
On February 21, 2010, Israel announced that it would include the site in a national heritage site protection and rehabilitation plan. The announcement sparked protests from the UN, Arab governments and the United States. A subsequent UNESCO vote in October aim... | 38,012 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
Jewish residents who claim that the calls violate legal decibel limits. In December 2009 Israeli authorities banned Jewish music played at the cave following similar complaints from the Arab residents.
# Structure.
## Building.
The rectangular stone enclosure lies on a northwest-southeast axis... | 38,013 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
by King Herod and it remains the only Herodian building surviving today virtually intact.
In the northwestern section are four cenotaphs, each housed in a separate octagonal room, those dedicated to Jacob and Leah being on the northwest, and those to Abraham and Sarah on the southeast. A corrido... | 38,014 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
the center of the northeastern side, there is another entrance, which enters the roofed area on the southeastern side of the northwestern section and through which access can also be gained to the southeastern (fully roofed) section. This entrance is approached on the outside by a corridor which ... | 38,015 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
covered by decorative cloth.
Under the present arrangements, Jews are restricted to entering by the southwestern side, and limited to the southwestern corridor and the corridors that run between the cenotaphs, while Muslims may enter only by the northeastern side but are allowed free rein of the... | 38,016 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
covered by a decorative grate, which itself is covered by an elaborate dome. The other entrance is located to the southeast, near the mihrab, and is sealed by a large stone, and usually covered by prayer mats; this is very close to the location of the "seventh step" on the outside of the enclosur... | 38,017 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
in the third cave were six tombs, arranged to be opposite to one another.
These caves had been rediscovered only in 1119 CE by a monk named "Arnoul", after an unnamed monk at prayer "noticed a draught" in the area near the present location of the mihrab and, with other "brethren", removed the fl... | 38,018 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
the passage, Arnoul discovered a large round room with plastered walls. In the floor of the room, he found a square stone slightly different from the others and, upon removing it, found the first of the caves. The caves were filled with dust. After removing the dust, Arnoul found bones; believing... | 38,019 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
War, the area fell into the hands of the Israel Defense Forces, and Moshe Dayan, the Defence Minister, who was an amateur archaeologist, attempted to regain access to the tombs. Ignorant of the "serdab" entrance, Dayan concentrated his attention on the shaft visible below the decorative grate and... | 38,020 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
though the exit was blocked by a large stone (this is the entrance near the mihrab). According to the report of her findings, which Michal gave to Dayan after having been lifted back through the shaft, there are 16 steps leading down into the passage, which is 1 cubit wide, and high. In the round... | 38,021 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
the mihrab and discovered the square stone in the round chamber that concealed the cave entrance. The reports state that after entering the first cave, which seemed to Jevin to be empty, he found a passage leading to a second oval chamber, smaller than the first, which contained shards of pottery... | 38,022 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
(; )
- Isaac and Rebekah (; )
- Jacob and Leah (; ; )
The only matriarch missing is Jacob's other wife, Rachel, described in Genesis as having been buried near Bethlehem. These verses are the common source for the religious beliefs surrounding the cave. While they are not part of the Quran the... | 38,023 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
wording of Genesis 23:2, which refers to "Kiryat Arba... Hevron" ("arba" means four). Commenting on that passage, Rashi listed the four couples chronologically, starting with Adam and Eve.
Another Jewish tradition tells that when Jacob was brought to be buried in the cave, Esau prevented the bur... | 38,024 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
became angry and said: "Is my grandfather to lie there in contempt until Naphtali returns from the land of Egypt?" He then took a club and killed Esau, and Esau's head rolled into the cave. This implies that the head of Esau is also buried in the cave. Some Jewish sources record the selling of Es... | 38,025 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
in "Sefer HaYashar".
An early Jewish text, the Genesis Rabba, states that this site is one of three that enemies of Judaism cannot taunt the Jews by saying "you have stolen them," as it was purchased "for its full price" by Abraham.
According to the Midrash, the Patriarchs were buried in the ca... | 38,026 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
Muhammed visited Hebron on his nocturnal journey from Mecca to Jerusalem to stop by the tomb and pay his respects. For this reason the tomb quickly became a popular Islamic pilgrimage site. It was said that the prophet himself encouraged the activity, saying "He who cannot visit me, let him visit... | 38,027 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
enclosure was converted into a mosque and placed under the control of a waqf. The waqf continues to maintain most of the site, while the Israeli military controls access to the site.
According to some Islamic sources the cave is also the tomb of Joseph. Though the Bible has Joseph buried in Shec... | 38,028 |
74664 | Cave of the Patriarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave%20of%20the%20Patriarchs | Cave of the Patriarchs
states that this is the burial place of Jacob's twelve sons.
According to some sources, the mosque is the 4th holiest in Islam, other sources rank other sites as 4th.
# See also.
- Burial places of founders of world religions
- List of World Heritage Sites in Palestine
- The Cave (opera)
- ... | 38,029 |
74727 | Julia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julia | Julia
Julia
Julia is usually a feminine given name. It has three syllables. It is a Latinate feminine form of the name Julio and Julius. Julius was a Roman family, derived from a founder Julus, the son of Aeneas and Creusa in Roman mythology, although the name's etymology may possibly derive from Greek ("") "downy-[ha... | 38,030 |
74727 | Julia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julia | Julia
used throughout the world. It was the 10th most popular name for girls born in the United States in 2007 and the 88th most popular name for females in the 1990 census there. It has been among the top 150 names given to girls in the United States for the past 100 years. It was the 89th most popular name for girls ... | 38,031 |
74727 | Julia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julia | Julia
Hungary in 2005; the 19th most popular name for girls born in British Columbia, Canada in 2006; the 9th most popular name for girls born in Germany in 2005; the 2nd most popular name for girls born in Poland in 2013 and the most popular name in Austria.
# People.
## Ancient world.
- Julia (women of the Julii C... | 38,032 |
74727 | Julia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julia | Julia
BC–29 AD), also known as Julia Augusta, wife of Emperor Augustus
- Julia the Elder (39 BC–14 AD), daughter of Emperor Augustus
- Julia the Younger (19 BC–c. AD 29), daughter of Julia the Elder
- Julia Livia (before 14–43), granddaughter of Emperor Tiberius
- Julia Agrippina or Agrippina the Younger (15–59), d... | 38,033 |
74727 | Julia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julia | Julia
Dynasty
- Julia Urania (), wife of Roman client king Ptolemy of Mauretania
- Julia Bodina (), a slave, later freedwoman, of Julia Urania of Mauretania
- Julia Procilla, mother of Gallo-Roman general Gnaeus Julius Agricola (40–93)
- Julia Iotapa (daughter of Antiochus III) (before 17–c. 52), Queen of Commagene... | 38,034 |
74727 | Julia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julia | Julia
and wife to historian Tacitus
- Julia Flavia (64–91), daughter of emperor Titus
- Julia Balbilla (72–after 130), poet and companion of Hadrian's wife Vibia Sabina
- Julia Tertulla (), daughter of suffect consul Gaius Julius Cornutus Tertullus
- Julia Serviana Paulina (died before 136?), niece of Emperor Hadri... | 38,035 |
74727 | Julia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julia | Julia
Julia Avita Mamaea (after 180–235), Soaemias' sister and mother of emperor Alexander Severus
- Julia Severa or Severina (), daughter of Emperor Philip the Arab
- One of the Martyrs of Zaragoza (died c. 303)
- Julia of Mérida (died 304), martyr
- Julia of Corsica (died on or after 439), virgin martyr
## Moder... | 38,036 |
74727 | Julia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julia | Julia
Arthur (1869–1950), Canadian-born stage and film actress
- Julia Barretto (born 1997), Filipino actress
- Julie Billiart (1751–1816), French Catholic saint
- Julia Boutros (born 1968), Lebanese singer
- Julia Budd (born 1983), Canadian martial artist
- Julia de Burgos (1914–1953), Puerto Rican poet
- Julia ... | 38,037 |
74727 | Julia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julia | Julia
stage and film actress
- Julia C. R. Dorr (1825-1913), American author
- Julia Duffy (born 1951), American actress
- Julia Duporty (born 1971), Cuban sprinter
- Julia Fischer (born 1983), German violinist
- Julia Wheelock Freeman (1833-1900), American Civil War nurse
- Julia Gillard (born 1961), Australian ... | 38,038 |
74727 | Julia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julia | Julia
(born 1979), British actress
- Julia Ward Howe (1819–1910), wrote poem that became the Battle Hymn of the Republic
- Julia Hütter (born 1983), German pole vaulter
- Julia Irwin (born 1951), Australian politician
- Julia Jones Pugliese (1909-1993), American national champion fencer and fencing coach
- Julia L... | 38,039 |
74727 | Julia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julia | Julia
English-born American actress known for her interpretations of William Shakespeare
- Julia Menéndez (born 1985), Spanish field hockey defender
- Julia A. Moore (1847–1920), American poet
- Julia Morgan (1872–1957), American architect
- Julia Morton (1912–1996), American author and botanist
- Julia Murney (bo... | 38,040 |
74727 | Julia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julia | Julia
known as "Jupe" Indonesian actress, singer, presenter, model, and comedian
- Julia Piera (born 1970), Spanish poet
- Julia Phillips (1944–2002), film producer and author
- Julia Roberts (born 1967), American actress
- Julia Sanderson (1888–1975), American actress and singer
- Julia Sakara (born 1969), Zimbab... | 38,041 |
74727 | Julia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julia | Julia
Ukrainian tennis player
- Julia Wells (born 1935), actress known as Julie Andrews
- Julia Wilson (born 1978), Australian rower
- Julia A. A. Wood (pen name, Minnie Mary Lee; 1826/1830 – 1903), American author
- Julia McNair Wright (1840–1903), writer
- Julia Evelyn Ditto Young (1857–1915), American novelist,... | 38,042 |
74727 | Julia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julia | Julia
play "Two Gentlemen of Verona"
- Julia, a character in the anime series "Cowboy Bebop"
- Julia Chang, character in the "Tekken" video game series
- Julia "Jules" Cobb, a character played by Courteney Cox on the comedy series "Cougar Town"
- Julia Crichton, the female protagonist in ""
- Julia Fernandez, a ch... | 38,043 |
74727 | Julia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julia | Julia
series "Nip/Tuck"
- Julia Sugarbaker, a character in the sitcom "Designing Women"
- Julia, a character in the 2008 movie of the same name played by Tilda Swinton
- Donna Julia, a character in the poem "Don Juan" by Lord Byron
- Julia Ogden, a character in the Canadian television series "Murdoch Mysteries"
# ... | 38,044 |
74727 | Julia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julia | Julia
Hawaiian, Romanian)
- Iuliana (Romanian)
- Jill (English)
- Jillian (English)
- Jovita (Spanish)
- Jules (English)
- Juli (Hungarian)
- Júlia (Catalan, Hungarian, Portuguese, Slovak)
- Júlía (Icelandic)
- Juliana (Dutch, English, German, Portuguese, Spanish)
- Juliane (French, German)
- Julianna (Engli... | 38,045 |
74727 | Julia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julia | Julia
glish)
- Julieta (Portuguese, Spanish)
- Julietta (Spanish)
- Juliette (French)
- Julija (Lithuanian, Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene)
- Jūlija (Latvian)
- Julijana (Slovene)
- Julinka (Hungarian)
- Juliska (Hungarian)
- Julcia/Julka/Julia (Polish)
- Julitta (Dutch)
- Juulia (Estonian, Finnish)
- ... | 38,046 |
74729 | Chymotrypsinogen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chymotrypsinogen | Chymotrypsinogen
Chymotrypsinogen
Chymotrypsinogen is an inactive precursor (zymogen) of chymotrypsin, a digestive enzyme which breaks proteins down into smaller peptides. Chymotrypsinogen is a single polypeptide chain consisting of 245 amino acid residues. It is synthesized in the acinar cells of the pancreas and sto... | 38,047 |
74729 | Chymotrypsinogen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chymotrypsinogen | Chymotrypsinogen
its active form by another enzyme called trypsin. This active form is called π-chymotrypsin and is used to create α-chymotrypsin. Trypsin cleaves the peptide bond in chymotrypsinogen between arginine-15 and isoleucine-16. This creates two peptides within π-chymotrypsin molecule held together by a disul... | 38,048 |
74729 | Chymotrypsinogen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chymotrypsinogen | Chymotrypsinogen
disulfide bond. One of the π-chymotrypsins acts on another by breaking a leucine and serine peptide bond. The activated π-chymotrypsin reacts with other π-chymotrypsin molecules to cleave out two dipeptides, which are, serine-14–arginine-15 and threonine-147–asparagine-148. This reaction yields the α-c... | 38,049 |
74699 | Juba II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juba%20II | Juba II
Juba II
Juba II (Latin: Iuba, "Juba"; or ) or Juba II of Mauretania (52/50 BC – AD 23) was the son of Juba I and King of Numidia and Mauretania. His first wife was Cleopatra Selene II, daughter of the Greek Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt and Roman triumvir Mark Antony.
# Early life.
Juba II was a Ber... | 38,050 |
74699 | Juba II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juba%20II | Juba II
he took part in Caesar's triumphal procession. In Rome he learned Latin and Greek, became romanized and was granted Roman citizenship. Through dedication to his studies, he is said to have become one of Rome's best educated citizens, and by age 20 he wrote one of his first works entitled "Roman Archaeology". He... | 38,051 |
74699 | Juba II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juba%20II | Juba II
Juba II established Numidia as an ally of Rome. Juba II would become one of the most loyal client kings that served Rome. Probably as a result of his services to Augustus in a campaign in present-day Spain, between 26 BC and 20 BC the Emperor arranged for him to marry Cleopatra Selene II, giving her a large dow... | 38,052 |
74699 | Juba II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juba%20II | Juba II
Egyptian, Greek and Roman architectural styles.
Cleopatra is said to have exerted considerable influence on Juba II's policies. Juba II encouraged and supported the performing arts, research of the sciences and research of natural history. Juba II also supported Mauretanian trade. The Kingdom of Mauretania was... | 38,053 |
74699 | Juba II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juba%20II | Juba II
Phoenician dye manufacturing process. Tingis (modern Tangier), a town at the Pillars of Hercules (modern Strait of Gibraltar) became a major trade centre. In Gades, (modern Cádiz) and Carthago Nova (modern Cartagena) Spain, Juba II was appointed by Augustus as an honorary Duovir (a chief magistrate of a Roman c... | 38,054 |
74699 | Juba II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juba%20II | Juba II
Juba II made his son Ptolemy co-ruler and Juba II died in 23. Juba II was buried alongside his first wife in the Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania. Ptolemy then became the sole ruler of Mauretania.
# Marriages and children.
- First marriage to Greek Ptolemaic princess Cleopatra Selene II (40 BC – 6 AD). Their chi... | 38,055 |
74699 | Juba II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juba%20II | Juba II
Mauretania.
- Second marriage to Glaphyra, a princess of Cappadocia, and widow of Alexander, son of Herod the Great. Alexander was executed in 7 BC for conspiracy against his father. Glaphyra married Juba II in 6 AD or 7 AD. She then fell in love with Herod Archelaus, another son of Herod the Great and Ethnarc... | 38,056 |
74699 | Juba II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juba%20II | Juba II
work survived. He collected a substantial library on a wide variety of topics, which no doubt complemented his own prolific output. Pliny the Elder refers to him as an authority 65 times in the "Natural History" and in Athens, a monument was built in recognition of his writings. His extant writings are publishe... | 38,057 |
74699 | Juba II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juba%20II | Juba II
Islands and Madeira. Juba II had given the Canary Islands that name because he found particularly ferocious dogs ("canarius" – from "canis" – meaning "of the dogs" in Latin) on the island.
Juba's Greek physician Euphorbus wrote that a succulent spurge found in the High Atlas was a powerful laxative. In 12 BC, ... | 38,058 |
74699 | Juba II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juba%20II | Juba II
to natural history and his role in bringing the genus to notice. It is now "Euphorbia regis-jubae". The palm tree genus "Jubaea" is also named after Juba.
Flavius Philostratus recalled one of his anecdotes: "And I have read in the discourse of Juba that elephants assist one another when they are being hunted, ... | 38,059 |
74699 | Juba II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juba%20II | Juba II
g round him like physicians."
# In fiction.
Juba is a lead character in Michael Livingston's 2015 historical fantasy novel "The Shards of Heaven".
A main character in "Cleopatra's Daughter" by Michelle Moran
A key character in "Cleopatra's Moon"
A main character in "Cleopatra's Daughter" by Andrea Ashton
... | 38,060 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
Palestinian refugees
The term "Palestine refugees" originally referred to both Arabs and Jews whose normal place of residence had been in Mandatory Palestine but were displaced and lost their livelihoods as a result of the 1948 Palestine war.
The UNRWA definition of the term includes the patrilin... | 38,061 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
of original refugees "who meet UNRWA's Palestine Refugee criteria" was 711,000 in 1950 of which approximately 30,000–50,000 were still alive in 2012. The term does not include internally displaced Palestinians, who became Israeli citizens and neither displaced Palestinian Jews. According to some es... | 38,062 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
They, and their descendants, who are also entitled to registration, are assisted by UNWRA in 59 registered camps, 10 of which were established in the aftermath of the Six-Day War in 1967 to cope with new Palestinian refugees. Being the only refugees in the world to be mainly inherited, including un... | 38,063 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
of the West Bank under Israeli governance since the Six-Day War and Palestinian administration since 1994, and the Gaza Strip administered by the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) since 2007. Citizenship or legal residency in host countries is denied in Lebanon where the absorption of Palestinian... | 38,064 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
practicable date" This forms one basis for the Palestinian political claim for a 'Palestinian right of return'.
An independent poll conducted in 2003 with the Palestinian populations of Gaza, West Bank, Jordan and Lebanon showed that the majority (54%) would accept a financial compensation and a p... | 38,065 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
the purpose of aiding those displaced by the Arab–Israeli conflict, with an annual budget of approximately $600 million. It defines a "Palestine refugee" as a person "whose normal place of residence was Mandatory Palestine between June 1946 and May 1948, who lost both their homes and means of livel... | 38,066 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
is "a plot of land placed at the disposal of UNRWA by the host government to accommodate Palestine refugees and to set up facilities to cater to their needs". Only around 1.4 million of registered Palestine refugees, approximately one-third, live in the 58 UNRWA-recognised refugee camps in Jordan, ... | 38,067 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
Palestine refugees "are also eligible for registration." In many cases UNHCR provides support for the children of Palestine refugees too.
## Palestinian definitions.
Palestinians make several distinctions relating to Palestinian refugees. The 1948 refugees and their descendants are broadly define... | 38,068 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
many may also descend from the 1948 group.
# Origin of the Palestine refugees.
Most Palestinian refugees have retained their refugee status and continue to reside in refugee camps, including within the State of Palestine in the West Bank and in the Gaza Strip. Their descendants form a sizable por... | 38,069 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
of the events of that period, there remains disagreement as to whether the exodus was the result of a plan designed before or during the war by Zionist leaders or was an unintended consequence of the war.
In a study of bias in Palestinian and Zionist sources dealing with the 1948 Palestinian exodu... | 38,070 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
the Zionists. They thought they could leave temporarily and return at their leisure. Later, an additional claim was put forth, namely that the Palestinians were ordered to leave, with radio broadcasts instructing them to quit their homes".
The implication of this position is that the Palestinians ... | 38,071 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
control of the country. When the Haganah and then the emerging Israeli army (Israel Defense Forces or IDF) went on the defensive, between April and July, a further 250,000 to 300,000 Palestinian Arabs left or were expelled, mainly from the towns of Haifa, Tiberias, Beit-Shean, Safed, Jaffa and Acre... | 38,072 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
and South Galilee were allowed to remain in their homes. Today they form the core of the Arab Israeli population. From October to November 1948, the IDF launched Operation Yoav to remove Egyptian forces from the Negev and Operation Hiram to remove the Arab Liberation Army from North Galilee during ... | 38,073 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
War.
As a result of the Six-Day War, around 280,000 to 325,000 Palestinians fled or were expelled from the territories won in the Six-Day War by Israel, including the demolished Palestinian villages of Imwas, Yalo, Bayt Nuba, Surit, Beit Awwa, Beit Mirsem, Shuyukh, Jiftlik, Agarith and Huseirat, a... | 38,074 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
from work by Iraqi authority figures in Kuwait. After the Gulf War, Kuwaiti authorities forcibly pressured nearly 200,000 Palestinians to leave Kuwait in 1991. Kuwait's policy, which led to this exodus, was a response to alignment of Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat and the Palestine Liberation Org... | 38,075 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
total, there are 360,000 Palestinians in Kuwait as of 2012–2013.
## Palestinian refugees as part of the Syrian refugee crisis.
As a result of the Syrian Civil War starting in 2011, 235,000 Palestinians have been displaced in Syria itself and 60,000, alongside 2.2 million Syrians, have fled the co... | 38,076 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
to Europe seeking asylum, especially to Sweden, which has offered asylum to any Syrian refugees that manage to reach its territory, albeit with some conditions. Many do so by finding their way to Egypt and making the journey by sea. In October 2013, the PFLP-GC claimed that some 23,000 Palestinian ... | 38,077 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
in camps.
The number of UNRWA registered Palestine refugees by country or territory in January 2015 were as follows:
In the context of the Arab–Israeli conflict, Jewish refugees were initially resettled in refugee camps known variously as Immigrant camps, "Ma'abarot", and "development towns" prio... | 38,078 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
refugees, due to lack of "de facto" sovereignty over its claimed territories.
## Gaza Strip.
As of January 2015, the Gaza Strip has 8 UNRWA refugee camps with 560,964 Palestinian refugees, and 1,276,929 registered refugees in total, out of a population of 1,816,379.
## West Bank.
As of January ... | 38,079 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
refugees living in refugee camps to those who settled outside the camps is the lowest of all UNRWA fields of operations. Palestine refugees are allowed access to public services and healthcare, as a result, refugee camps are becoming more like poor city suburbs than refugee camps. Most Palestine re... | 38,080 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
and are fully eligible for government services including education and health care." Lindsay suggests that eliminating services to refugees whose needs are subsidized by Jordan "would reduce the refugee list by 40%".
Palestinians who moved from the West Bank (whether refugees or not) to Jordan, ar... | 38,081 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
that the kingdom had begun revoking the citizenship of Palestinians.
"We should be thanked for taking this measure," he said. "We are fulfilling our national duty because Israel wants to expel the Palestinians from their homeland."
Human Rights Watch estimated that about 2,700 Palestinians were s... | 38,082 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
allowed to return. As of January 2015, there were 452,669 registered refugees in Lebanon.
In a 2007 study, Amnesty International denounced the "appalling social and economic condition" of Palestinians in Lebanon. Until 2005, Palestinians were forbidden to work in over 70 jobs because they do not h... | 38,083 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
from Maronite authorities, leading to citizenship being given to all Christian refugees who were not already citizens.
In the 2010s, many Palestinian refugees in Lebanon began immigrating to Europe, both legally and illegally, as part of the European migrant crisis, due to a deterioration in livin... | 38,084 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
refugees were living in Lebanon, as opposed to previous UNRWA figures which put the number at between 400,000 and 500,000, as well as other estimates that placed the number between 260,000 and 280,000.
According to writer and researcher Mudar Zahran, a Jordanian of Palestinian heritage, the media ... | 38,085 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
Palestinian refugees.
As a result of the Syrian civil war, large numbers of Palestinian refugees fled Syria to Europe as part of the European migrant crisis, and to other Arab countries. In September 2015, a Palestinian official said that only 200,000 Palestinian refugees were left in Syria, with ... | 38,086 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
are the sole foreign group that cannot benefit from a 2004 law passed by Saudi Arabia's Council of Ministers, which entitles expatriates of all nationalities who have resided in the kingdom for ten years to apply for citizenship.
## Iraq.
There were 34,000 Palestinian refugees living in Iraq prio... | 38,087 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
with the first group arriving in March 2006. Generally, they were unable to find work in India as they spoke only Arabic though some found employment with UNHCR's non-governmental partners. All of them were provided with free access to public hospitals. Of the 165 refugees, 137 of them later found ... | 38,088 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
in the United States. Another 68 were allowed to resettle in Australia. However, the majority of Palestine refugees strongly oppose resettlement and much rather want to return.
# Positions on the 'right of return'-claim.
On 11 December 1948 the United Nations General Assembly discussed Bernadotte... | 38,089 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
of Israel, and the Israeli declaration of independence invited the Arab inhabitants of Israel to "full and equal citizenship". In practice, Israel does not grant citizenship to the refugees, as it does to those Arabs who continue to reside in its borders. The 1947 Partition Plan determined citizens... | 38,090 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
Arab League has instructed its members to deny citizenship to original Palestine Arab refugees (or their descendants) "to avoid dissolution of their identity and protect their right to return to their homeland".
Tashbih Sayyed, a fellow of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, criticized Arab... | 38,091 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
is based on Article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which declares that "Everyone has the right to leave any country including his own, and to return to his country", although it has been argued that the term only applies to citizens or nationals of that country. Although al... | 38,092 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
should be paid for the property of those choosing not to return [...]." However it is currently a matter of dispute whether Resolution 194 referred only to the estimated 50,000 remaining Palestine refugees from the 1948 Palestine War, or additionally to their UNRWA-registered 4,950,000 descendants.... | 38,093 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
ambassador to Lebanon and the chairman of the Palestinian Legislative Council's Political and Parliamentary Affairs committees, said the proposed future Palestinian state would not be issuing Palestinian passports to UNRWA Palestine refugees – even refugees living in the West Bank and Gaza.
In a 2... | 38,094 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
Arafat recognized the State of Israel and renounced terrorism. At the time, the accords were celebrated as a historic breakthrough. In accordance with these agreements, the Palestinian refugees began to be governed by an autonomous Palestinian Authority, and the parties agreed to negotiate the perm... | 38,095 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
United States.
The United States considers the original refugees and their descendants to be refugees.
In May 2012, the United States Senate Appropriations Committee approved a definition of a Palestine refugee to include only those original Palestine refugees who were actually displaced between ... | 38,096 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
for Peace". Lynne Rienner Publishers.
- Esber, Rosemarie M. (2008) "Under the Cover of War: the Zionist Expulsion of the Palestinians." Arabicus Books & Media
- Gelber, Yoav (2006). "Palestine 1948". Sussex Academic Press. .
- Gerson, Allan (1978). "Israel, the West Bank and International Law". ... | 38,097 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
Jews in Israel (Syracuse Studies on Peace and Conflict Resolution)", (2009) Syracuse Univ Press (Sd).
- Pappe, Ilan (2006). "The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine", London and New York: Oneworld, 2006.
- Segev, Tom (2007) "1967 Israel, The War and the Year that Transformed the Middle East" Little Bro... | 38,098 |
74681 | Palestinian refugees | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestinian%20refugees | Palestinian refugees
c Cleansing of Palestine", London and New York: Oneworld, 2006.
- Segev, Tom (2007) "1967 Israel, The War and the Year that Transformed the Middle East" Little Brown
- Seliktar, Ofira (2002). "Divided We Stand: American Jews, Israel, and the Peace Process". Praeger/Greenwood.
- Tovy, Jacob (2014... | 38,099 |
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