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536709 | Estée Lauder Companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estée%20Lauder%20Companies | Estée Lauder Companies
Estée Lauder Companies
The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. ( stylized as ESTĒE LAUDER) is a multinational manufacturer and marketer of prestige skincare, makeup, fragrance and hair care products, based in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The company owns a diverse portfolio of brands, distributed internationally through both digital commerce and retail channels.
# History.
The company began in 1946 when Estée Lauder and her husband Joseph Lauder began producing cosmetics in New York City. They first carried only four products: Cleansing Oil, Skin Lotion, Super Rich All purpose Creme, and Creme Pack. Two years later, in 1948 they established their first department store account with Saks Fifth | 6,130,800 |
536709 | Estée Lauder Companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estée%20Lauder%20Companies | Estée Lauder Companies
Avenue in Manhattan.
Over the next 15 years, they expanded the range and continued to sell their products in the United States. In 1960, the company started its first international account in the London department store Harrods. The following year it opened an office in Hong Kong.
In 1964, they introduced Aramis, a line of fragrance and grooming products for men named after an exotic Turkish root originally used as an aphrodisiac. In 1967, Estée Lauder herself was named one of ten Outstanding Women in Business in the United States by business and financial editors. This was followed by a Spirit of Achievement Award from Albert Einstein College of Medicine at Yeshiva University in 1968. In | 6,130,801 |
536709 | Estée Lauder Companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estée%20Lauder%20Companies | Estée Lauder Companies
that year, the company expanded again, opening Clinique, a dermatologist-guided (Dr. Norman Orentreich), allergy-tested, fragrance-free cosmetic brand.
Estée Lauder's Clinique brand became the first women's cosmetic company to introduce a second line for men when, in 1976, they began a separate line called "Skin Supplies for Men", which continues to be sold at Clinique counters worldwide. In 1981, the company's products became available in the Soviet Union.
In the 1990s, brand acquisitions and licensing agreements contributed to explosive growth as the company transformed from a family-owned business to a publicly traded, family-controlled organization. The decade opened with the creation | 6,130,802 |
536709 | Estée Lauder Companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estée%20Lauder%20Companies | Estée Lauder Companies
of Origins — the first wellness brand in U.S. department stores. The first licensing agreement for fragrances was with fashion designer Tommy Hilfiger in 1993, followed by Kiton, an Italian fashion house (1995), and with American fashion designer Donna Karan (1997).
Brand acquisitions began with an investment in the Toronto-based M•A•C Cosmetics in 1994, which the company then acquired in 1998. Bobbi Brown Cosmetics, designed by the celebrated makeup artist, was acquired in 1995, as was La Mer – along with the original recipe for its supreme luxury product, Crème de la Mer, containing the nutrient-rich Miracle Broth™. The company ventured into its first hair care and holistic beauty brand with | 6,130,803 |
536709 | Estée Lauder Companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estée%20Lauder%20Companies | Estée Lauder Companies
Aveda in 1997. The renowned fragrance house Jo Malone London was acquired in 1999.
On November 16, 1995, The Estée Lauder Companies went public on the New York Stock Exchange at $26.00 a share ($6.50 on a post-split basis).
Acquisitions and licensing continued in the 2000s as The Estée Lauder Companies bought a majority interest in Bumble & bumble, the trendy hair care salon, and completed its acquisition in 2006; an exclusive global licensing agreement was signed with fashion designer Michael Kors (2003). Designer Tom Ford begins a project with the company and later an agreement was signed with him (2005) to develop and distribute fragrances and cosmetics under the Tom Ford Beauty brand.
On | 6,130,804 |
536709 | Estée Lauder Companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estée%20Lauder%20Companies | Estée Lauder Companies
July 1, 2010, the company acquired Smashbox Beauty Cosmetics, Inc., a brand created in Smashbox Studios in Culver City, California, by brothers Dean and Davis Factor (as in Max).
On October 28, 2011, Aramis and Designer Fragrances, a division of The Estée Lauder Companies Inc., and Tory Burch LLC announced the signing of a multiyear agreement for the exclusive worldwide license of the Tory Burch fragrance business. This partnership marked Tory Burch's first step into the beauty industry. The first Tory Burch fragrance products were introduced in 2013.
In 2012, the company launched AERIN Beauty, a luxury lifestyle beauty and fragrance brand inspired by the signature style of its founder, Aerin | 6,130,805 |
536709 | Estée Lauder Companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estée%20Lauder%20Companies | Estée Lauder Companies
Lauder.
In 2014, the company acquired two insider beauty brands, RODIN olio lusso, a skin care brand renowned for its "Luxury Face Oil," and Le Labo, a fragrance and sensory lifestyle brand. In 2015, the company acquired Editions de Parfums Frédéric Malle, a fragrance brand, and GLAMGLOW, a Hollywood skin care brand.
In 2016, the company acquired Becca Cosmetics, their first color cosmetic group acquisition since Smashbox in 2010. In November 2016, the company made its largest acquisition to date by acquiring California-based cosmetics company Too Faced for US$1.45 billion.
# Marketing.
The Estée Lauder brand has had sometimes iconic spokesmodels, sometimes referred to simply as 'faces'. | 6,130,806 |
536709 | Estée Lauder Companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estée%20Lauder%20Companies | Estée Lauder Companies
Past 'faces' for Estée Lauder include Karen Graham, Bruce Boxleitner, Shaun Casey, Willow Bay, Paulina Porizkova, Elizabeth Hurley, Carolyn Murphy, supermodel Liya Kebede was the first African American 'face' of Estee Lauder, Anja Rubik, and actress Gwyneth Paltrow. the main spokesmodel for Estée Lauder was supermodel Hilary Rhoda. In 2010, the company added three more faces to the roster, Chinese model Liu Wen, Puerto Rican model Joan Smalls, and French model Constance Jablonski.
In 2015, Estée Lauder signed model and social media sensation Kendall Jenner to introduce a new generation of beauty enthusiasts to the brand.
In 2017, the company announced Violette Serrat as their Global Beauty | 6,130,807 |
536709 | Estée Lauder Companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estée%20Lauder%20Companies | Estée Lauder Companies
orizkova, Elizabeth Hurley, Carolyn Murphy, supermodel Liya Kebede was the first African American 'face' of Estee Lauder, Anja Rubik, and actress Gwyneth Paltrow. the main spokesmodel for Estée Lauder was supermodel Hilary Rhoda. In 2010, the company added three more faces to the roster, Chinese model Liu Wen, Puerto Rican model Joan Smalls, and French model Constance Jablonski.
In 2015, Estée Lauder signed model and social media sensation Kendall Jenner to introduce a new generation of beauty enthusiasts to the brand.
In 2017, the company announced Violette Serrat as their Global Beauty Director.
Alvin Chereskin, the founder of AC&R, was the long-time creative partner of the company. ref | 6,130,808 |
536757 | Floating dock (jetty) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Floating%20dock%20(jetty) | Floating dock (jetty)
Floating dock (jetty)
A floating dock, floating pier or floating jetty is a platform or ramp supported by pontoons. It is usually joined to the shore with a gangway. The pier is usually held in place by vertical poles referred to as pilings, which are embedded in the seafloor or by anchored cables.
Frequently used in marinas, this type of pier maintains a fixed vertical relationship to watercraft secured to it, independent of tidal, river or lake elevation.
# See also.
- Floating dry dock | 6,130,809 |
536695 | Vienne, Isère | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienne,%20Isère | Vienne, Isère
Vienne, Isère
Vienne (; ) is a commune in southeastern France, located south of Lyon, on the river Rhône. It is only the fourth largest city in the Isère department, of which it is a subprefecture, but was a major center of the Roman Empire.
Before the arrival of the Roman armies, Vienne was the capital city of the Allobroges, a Gallic people. Transformed into a Roman colony in 47 BC under Julius Caesar, Vienne became a major urban center, ideally located along the Rhône, then a major axis of communication.
It was to Vienne in 7 AD that Augustus banished King Herod Archelaus, so the Herodian family may have had land there.
The town later became a Roman provincial capital. Numerous remains | 6,130,810 |
536695 | Vienne, Isère | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienne,%20Isère | Vienne, Isère
of Roman constructions are still visible in modern Vienne. The town was also an important early bishopric in Christian Gaul. Its most famous bishop was Avitus of Vienne. At the Council of Vienne, convened there in October 1311, Pope Clement V abolished the order of the Knights Templar. During the Middle Ages, Vienne was part of the kingdom of Provence, dependent on the Holy Roman Empire, while the opposite bank of the Rhône was French territory, thus making it a strategic position.
Today, the town is a regional commercial and industrial center specializing in the food industry. Tourism is also a major part of the town's economy. Indeed, there are many important historical monuments that draw | 6,130,811 |
536695 | Vienne, Isère | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienne,%20Isère | Vienne, Isère
the crowds, but the annual Jazz à Vienne festival in July also makes it a popular tourist destination.
# History.
## Roman Vienne.
The "oppidum" of the Allobroges became a Roman colony about 47 BC under Julius Caesar, but the Allobroges managed to expel them; the exiles then founded the colony of "Lugdunum" (today's Lyon). Herod Archelaus was exiled here in 6 AD. During the early Empire, Vienna (as the Romans called it—not to be confused with today's Vienna, then known as Vindobona) regained all its former privileges as a Roman colony.In 260 Postumus was proclaimed emperor here of a short-lived Gallo-Roman empire. Later it became a provincial capital of the Dioecesis Viennensis. Vienne became | 6,130,812 |
536695 | Vienne, Isère | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienne,%20Isère | Vienne, Isère
the seat of the vicar of prefects after the creation of regional dioceses. Regional dioceses were created during the First Tetrarchy, 293-305, or possibly later as some recent studies suggest in 313, but no later than the Verona List securely dated to June 314. The date of creation is still controversial.
On the bank of the Gère are traces of the ramparts of the old Roman city, and on Mont Pipet (east of the town) are the remains of a Roman theatre, while the ruined thirteenth-century castle there was built on Roman footings. Several ancient aqueducts and traces of Roman roads can still be seen.
Two important Roman monuments still stand at Vienne. One is the Early Imperial temple of Augustus | 6,130,813 |
536695 | Vienne, Isère | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienne,%20Isère | Vienne, Isère
and Livia, a rectangular peripteral building of the Corinthian order, erected by the emperor Claudius, which owes its survival, like the Maison Carrée at Nîmes, to being converted to a church soon after the Theodosian decrees and later rededicated as "Notre Dame de Vie." (During the Revolutionary Reign of Terror it was used for the local Festival of Reason.) The other is the "Plan de l'Aiguille", a truncated pyramid resting on a portico with four arches, from the Roman circus. Many popular theories have been advanced as to the original intent of this structure; there is even a legend of Pontius Pilate making it his tomb.
## Christian Vienne.
The provincial capital was an important early seat | 6,130,814 |
536695 | Vienne, Isère | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienne,%20Isère | Vienne, Isère
of a bishop and the legendary first bishop said to have been Crescens, a disciple of Paul. There were Christians here in 177 when the churches of Vienne and Lyon addressed a letter to those of Asia and Phrygia and mention is made of the deacon of Vienne (Eusebius of Caesarea, "Church History"). The first historical bishop was Verus, who was present at the Council of Arles (314). About 450, Vienne's bishops became archbishops,several of whom in the played an important cultural role, e.g. Mamertus, who established Rogation pilgrimages, and the poet, Avitus (498-518). Vienne's archbishops and those of Lyon disputed the title of "Primate of All the Gauls" based on the dates of founding of the cities | 6,130,815 |
536695 | Vienne, Isère | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienne,%20Isère | Vienne, Isère
compared to the dates of founding of the bishoprics. Vienne's archbishopric was suppressed in 1790 during the revolution and officially terminated 11 years later by the Concordat of 1801.
## Burgundian Vienne.
Vienne was a target during the Migration Period: it was taken by the Kingdom of the Burgundians in 438, but re-taken by the Romans and held until 461. In 534 the Merovingian-led Franks captured Vienne. It was then sacked by the Lombards in 558, and later by the Moors in 737. When Francia's king divided Frankish Burgundia into three parts in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun, Vienne became part of Middle Francia.
## In the Kingdom of Provence.
King Charles II the Bald assigned the district | 6,130,816 |
536695 | Vienne, Isère | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienne,%20Isère | Vienne, Isère
in 869 to Comte Boso of Provence, who in 879 proclaimed himself king of Provence and on his death in 887 was buried in the cathedral church of St. Maurice. Vienne then continued as capital of the "Dauphiné Vienne" of the Kingdom of Provence, from 882 of the Kingdom of West Francia and from 933 of the Kingdom of Arles until in 1032, when it reverted to the Holy Roman Empire, but the real rulers were the archbishops of Vienne. Their rights were repeatedly recognized, but they had serious local rivals in the counts of Albon, and later Dauphins of the neighboring countship of the Viennois. In 1349, the reigning Dauphin sold his rights to the Dauphiné to France, but the archbishop stood firm and | 6,130,817 |
536695 | Vienne, Isère | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienne,%20Isère | Vienne, Isère
Vienne was not included in this sale. The archbishops finally surrendered their territorial powers to France in 1449. Gui de Bourgogne, who was archbishop 1090–1119, was pope from 1119 to 1124 as Callixtus II.
The Council of Vienne was the fifteenth Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church that met between 1311 and 1312 in Vienne. Its principal act was to withdraw papal support for the Knights Templar on the instigation of Philip IV of France.
## France.
The archbishops did not give up their rights over it to France till 1449, when it first became French. Vienne was sacked in 1562 by the Protestants under the baron des Adrets, and was held for the Ligue 1590–95, when it was taken in | 6,130,818 |
536695 | Vienne, Isère | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienne,%20Isère | Vienne, Isère
the name of Henri IV by Montmorency. The fortifications were demolished between 1589 and 1636.
# Main sights.
The two outstanding Roman remains in Vienne are the temple of Augustus and Livia, and the "Plan de l'Aiguille" or "Pyramide", a truncated pyramid resting on a portico with four arches, which was associated with the city's Roman circus.
The early Romanesque church of Saint Peter belonged to an ancient Benedictine abbey and was rebuilt in the ninth century, with tall square piers and two ranges of windows in the tall aisles and a notable porch. It is one of France's oldest Christian buildings dating from the 5th century laid-out in the form of a basilica and having a large and well | 6,130,819 |
536695 | Vienne, Isère | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienne,%20Isère | Vienne, Isère
constructed nave. It also boasts a beautiful Romanesque tower and a magnificently sculptured South portal containing a splendid statue of Saint Peter. Today, the building houses a lapidary museum that holds a Junon head and the beautiful statue of Tutela, the city's protective divinity.
The Gothic former cathedral of St Maurice was built between 1052 and 1533. It is a basilica, with three aisles and an apse, but no ambulatory or transepts. It is in length, wide and in height. The most striking portion is the west front, which rises majestically from a terrace overhanging the Rhône. Its sculptural decoration was badly damaged by the Protestants in 1562 during the Wars of Religion.
The Romanesque | 6,130,820 |
536695 | Vienne, Isère | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienne,%20Isère | Vienne, Isère
church of St André en Bas was the church of a second Benedictine monastery, and became the chapel of the earlier kings of Provence. It was rebuilt in 1152, in the later Romanesque style.
# Twin cities.
- - Albacete, Spain
- - Esslingen, Germany
- - Goris, Armenia
- - Neath Port Talbot, Wales
- - Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland
- - Schiedam, Netherlands
- - Udine, Italy
- - Velenje, Slovenia
- - Greenwich, Connecticut, United States
# See also.
- Archbishopric of Vienne
- Council of Vienne (1311–1312)
# References.
- Martial, Epigrams, 7.78
- Strabo, Geography, 4.1.10
# External links.
- Livius.org: Roman Vienne - historical information and pictures
- Official website (in French)
- | 6,130,821 |
536695 | Vienne, Isère | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienne,%20Isère | Vienne, Isère
of the earlier kings of Provence. It was rebuilt in 1152, in the later Romanesque style.
# Twin cities.
- - Albacete, Spain
- - Esslingen, Germany
- - Goris, Armenia
- - Neath Port Talbot, Wales
- - Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland
- - Schiedam, Netherlands
- - Udine, Italy
- - Velenje, Slovenia
- - Greenwich, Connecticut, United States
# See also.
- Archbishopric of Vienne
- Council of Vienne (1311–1312)
# References.
- Martial, Epigrams, 7.78
- Strabo, Geography, 4.1.10
# External links.
- Livius.org: Roman Vienne - historical information and pictures
- Official website (in French)
- ‘Little Pompeii’ Unearthed in France is Most Exceptional Roman Site Found in Half a Century | 6,130,822 |
536761 | Red Hill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red%20Hill | Red Hill
Red Hill
Red Hill may refer to:
# Places.
## Australia.
- Red Hill, Queensland
- Red Hill, Victoria
- Red Hill South, Victoria
- Red Hill, Australian Capital Territory
- Red Hill, Western Australia
- Red Hill, Gulgong, New South Wales
## Canada.
- Red Hill Valley, a valley in Hamilton, Ontario
- Red Hill Creek, a creek in Hamilton, Ontario
## United Kingdom.
### Natural formations.
- Red Hill (salt making), an archaeological feature found in south-east England associated with ancient salt production
- Red Hill, Hampshire, England
- Red Hill, Lincolnshire, England, a Wildlife Trust nature reserve
## Inhabited places.
- Red Hill, Bournemouth, England, a
- Red Hill, Herefordshire, | 6,130,823 |
536761 | Red Hill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red%20Hill | Red Hill
England, a place in Herefordshire
- Red Hill, Kent, a England,
- Red Hill, Leicestershire, a England,
- Red Hill, Pembrokeshire, Wales, a
- Red Hill, Warwickshire, England, a
- Red Hill, West Yorkshire, England, a
- Red Hill, Worcester, England
## United States.
### Natural formations.
- Red Hill (Merced County), a summit in the Diablo Range of California
- Red Hill, a mountain in Big Horn County, Montana
- Red Hill, a mountain in Carter County, Montana
- Red Hill, a mountain in Golden Valley, Montana
- Red Hill, a mountain in Jefferson County, Montana
- Red Hill, a mountain in Judith Basin County, Montana
- Red Hill, a mountain in Lake County, Montana
- Red Hill, a mountain | 6,130,824 |
536761 | Red Hill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red%20Hill | Red Hill
in Lewis and Clark County, Montana
- Red Hill, a mountain in Madison County, Montana
- Red Hill, a mountain in Mineral County, Montana
- Red Hill, a mountain in Powder River County, Montana
- Red Island Volcano, California
### Inhabited places.
- A community in North Tustin, California
- Red Hill, Indiana
- Red Hill, Kentucky
- Red Hill, New Jersey
- Red Hill, Pennsylvania
- Red Hill, South Carolina
- Red Hill, West Virginia
### Other places in the United States.
- Red Hill (Bullock, North Carolina), an historic plantation
- Red Hill, New Mexico, a ghost town
- Red Hill Douglas County, Oregon AVA, Oregon wine region
- Red Hill Fire Observation Station, a fire tower on top of | 6,130,825 |
536761 | Red Hill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red%20Hill | Red Hill
Red Hill, New York
- Red Hill Patrick Henry National Memorial, Virginia
- Red Hill, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Charlotte County, Virginia
- Red Hill, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, site of the US Navy Red Hill Underground Fuel Storage Facility
# Entertainment.
- "Red Hill" (album), a 2014 album by Wadada Leo Smith, Jamie Saft, Joe Morris and Balázs Pándi
- "Red Hill" (film), a 2010 Australian film
- "Red Hill" (TV series), a 2018 Armenian television series
- Red Hill Records, a former Christian record label
# People.
- Red Hill (baseball) (1893–1938), American baseball player
- William "Red" Hill, Sr. (1888 – May 14, 1942), Canadian daredevil and river rescuer in | 6,130,826 |
536761 | Red Hill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red%20Hill | Red Hill
tional Register of Historic Places in Charlotte County, Virginia
- Red Hill, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, site of the US Navy Red Hill Underground Fuel Storage Facility
# Entertainment.
- "Red Hill" (album), a 2014 album by Wadada Leo Smith, Jamie Saft, Joe Morris and Balázs Pándi
- "Red Hill" (film), a 2010 Australian film
- "Red Hill" (TV series), a 2018 Armenian television series
- Red Hill Records, a former Christian record label
# People.
- Red Hill (baseball) (1893–1938), American baseball player
- William "Red" Hill, Sr. (1888 – May 14, 1942), Canadian daredevil and river rescuer in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada
# See also.
- Redhill (disambiguation)
- Red Hills (disambiguation) | 6,130,827 |
536702 | John Templeton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Templeton | John Templeton
John Templeton
Sir John Marks Templeton (29 November 1912 – 8 July 2008) was an American-born British investor, banker, fund manager, and philanthropist. In 1954, he entered the mutual fund market and created the Templeton Growth Fund. In 1999, "Money" magazine named him "arguably the greatest global stock picker of the century."
# Early life and education.
John Marks Templeton was born in the town of Winchester, Tennessee, and attended Yale University, where he was an assistant business manager for campus humour magazine "Yale Record" and was selected for membership in the Elihu society. He financed a portion of his tuition by playing poker, a game at which he excelled. He graduated in 1934 | 6,130,828 |
536702 | John Templeton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Templeton | John Templeton
near the top of his class. He attended the Balliol College in Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar and earned an M.A. in law. He is a CFA charterholder.
# Investment career.
Templeton, during the Depression of the 1930s, bought 100 shares of each NYSE listed company which was then selling for less than $1 a share ($ today) (104 companies, 34 in bankruptcy, in 1939), later making many times the money back when USA industry picked up as a result of World War II. According to Templeton, he called his broker the day World War II began and instructed him to purchase every stock trading at less than a dollar. This stratagem helped make him a wealthy man.
Templeton became a billionaire by pioneering | 6,130,829 |
536702 | John Templeton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Templeton | John Templeton
the use of globally diversified mutual funds. His Templeton Growth Fund, Ltd. (investment fund), established in 1954, was among the first to invest in Japan in the middle of the 1960s. Templeton also created funds specifically in certain industries such as nuclear energy, chemicals, and electronics. By 1959, Templeton went public, with five funds and more than 66 million dollars under management.
In 2006 he was listed in a seven-way tie for 129th place on the "Sunday Times"s "Rich List". He rejected technical analysis for stock trading, preferring instead to use fundamental analysis. "Money" magazine in 1999 called him "arguably the greatest global stock picker of the century".
# Investment | 6,130,830 |
536702 | John Templeton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Templeton | John Templeton
philosophy.
Templeton attributed much of his success to his ability to maintain an elevated mood, avoid anxiety and stay disciplined. Uninterested in consumerism, he drove his own car, never flew first class and lived year-round in the Bahamas.
Templeton became known for his "avoiding the herd" and "buy when there's blood in the streets" philosophy. He also was known for taking profits when values and expectations were high.
Templeton was a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) charter-holder. He received AIMR's first award for professional excellence in 1991. In 2005, he wrote a brief memorandum predicting that within five years there would be financial chaos in the world. It was eventually | 6,130,831 |
536702 | John Templeton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Templeton | John Templeton
made public in 2010.
# Personal life.
Templeton married Judith Folk in 1937, and the couple had three children: John, Anne, and Christopher. Judith Templeton died in February 1951 in a motorbike accident. He remarried, to Irene Reynolds Butler in 1958; she died in 1993. A Christian, he was a lifelong member of the Presbyterian Church. He served as an elder of the First Presbyterian Church of Englewood (Englewood, New Jersey). He was a trustee on the board of Princeton Theological Seminary, the largest Presbyterian seminary, for 42 years and served as its chair for 12 years.
On 8 July 2008, Templeton died at Doctors Hospital in Nassau, Bahamas, of pneumonia at 12:20 local time. He was 95, | 6,130,832 |
536702 | John Templeton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Templeton | John Templeton
and was survived by two sons, one of whom, John Templeton Jr., has since died, in 2015, of brain cancer.
# Wealth and philanthropy.
Templeton was one of the most generous philanthropists in history, giving away over $1 billion to charitable causes. Templeton renounced his US citizenship in 1964, allowing him to channel an additional $100 million that he would have paid in US income taxes when he sold his international investment fund, toward philanthropy. He held dual naturalised Bahamian and British citizenship and lived in the Bahamas.
In 2007, Templeton was named one of "Time" magazine's 100 Most Influential People (Time 100) under the category of "Power Givers". Templeton was given this | 6,130,833 |
536702 | John Templeton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Templeton | John Templeton
honour for his "pursuit of spiritual understanding, often through scientific research" through his establishment of the John Templeton Foundation.
As a philanthropist, Templeton established
- the Templeton Prize for Progress Toward Research or Discoveries about Spiritual Realities in 1972;
- the Templeton Library in Sewanee, Tennessee;
- the Templeton College of the University of Oxford (by endowing the Oxford Centre for Management Studies to become a full college of the university having as a focus business and management studies).
Templeton College is now closely associated with Oxford's Saïd Business School. In 2007, Templeton College transferred its executive education program to Saïd | 6,130,834 |
536702 | John Templeton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Templeton | John Templeton
Business School. In 2008, Templeton College merged with Green College to form Green Templeton College. This is one of the exceptional mergers in recent history of the University of Oxford.
He was created a Knight Bachelor in 1987 for his philanthropic efforts. Templeton was inducted into the Junior Achievement US Business Hall of Fame in 1996, and in 2003 awarded the William E. Simon Prize for Philanthropic Leadership.
## John Templeton Foundation.
As a member of the Presbyterian Church, Templeton was dedicated to his faith. However, Templeton eschewed dogma and declared relatively little was known about the divine through scripture, espousing what he called a "humble approach" to theology | 6,130,835 |
536702 | John Templeton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Templeton | John Templeton
and remaining open to the benefits and values of other faiths. Commenting on his commitment to what he called spiritual progress, "But why shouldn't I try to learn more? Why shouldn't I go to Hindu services? Why shouldn't I go to Muslim services? If you are not egotistical, you will welcome the opportunity to learn more." Similarly, one of the major goals of the Templeton Foundation is to proliferate the monetary support of spiritual discoveries. The Templeton Foundation encourages research into "big questions" by awarding philanthropic aid to institutions and people who pursue the answers to such questions through "explorations into the laws of nature and the universe, to questions on the nature | 6,130,836 |
536702 | John Templeton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Templeton | John Templeton
of love, gratitude, forgiveness, and creativity."
In an interview published in the Financial Intelligence Report in 2005, Templeton asserts that the purpose of the Templeton Foundation is as follows:"We are trying to persuade people that no human has yet grasped 1% of what can be known about spiritual realities. So we are encouraging people to start using the same methods of science that have been so productive in other areas, in order to discover spiritual realities."
# Publications and works.
- "Riches for the Mind and Spirit: John Marks Templeton's Treasury of Words to Help, Inspire, and Live By", 2006.
- "Golden Nuggets from Sir John Templeton", 1997.
- "Discovering the Laws of Life", | 6,130,837 |
536702 | John Templeton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Templeton | John Templeton
1994.
- "Is God the Only Reality? Science Points to a Deeper Meaning of the Universe", 1994.
- "Templeton Plan: 21 Steps to Personal Success and Real Happiness", 1992.
- "The humble approach: Scientists discover God", 1981.
- "Worldwide Laws of Life: 200 Eternal Spiritual Principles", 1998. .
- "Investing the Templeton Way: The Market Beating Strategies of Value Investings Legendary Bargain Hunter", 2007.
- "Buying at the Point of Maximum Pessimism: Six Value Investing Trends from China to Oil to Agriculture", 2010.
# See also.
- John Templeton Foundation
- Templeton Prize
- Franklin Templeton Investments
- Contrarian, full-length documentary film about John Templeton
# External | 6,130,838 |
536702 | John Templeton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Templeton | John Templeton
tings Legendary Bargain Hunter", 2007.
- "Buying at the Point of Maximum Pessimism: Six Value Investing Trends from China to Oil to Agriculture", 2010.
# See also.
- John Templeton Foundation
- Templeton Prize
- Franklin Templeton Investments
- Contrarian, full-length documentary film about John Templeton
# External links.
- John Templeton Foundation
- Profile of the John Templeton Foundation in The Nation
- Obituary of Sir John Templeton in Philanthropy magazine
- God's Venture Capitalist Slate article by David Plotz
- 16 Rules for Investment Success by Sir John Templeton
- The John Templeton Award for Theological Promise A research award funded by the John Templeton Foundation | 6,130,839 |
536752 | Baseball Ground | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baseball%20Ground | Baseball Ground
Baseball Ground
The Baseball Ground (sometimes referred to as the BBG) was a stadium in Derby, England. It was first used for baseball as the home of Derby County Baseball Club from 1890 until 1898 and then for football as the home of Derby County from 1895 until 1997. The club's reserve and youth sides used it until 2003, when it finally closed as a sports stadium after 113 years (108 of them as a football stadium) and was demolished.
# History.
As the name suggests, the stadium was originally used for baseball. It was originally called Ley's Baseball Ground and was part of a complex of sports grounds (Ley's Recreation Ground) built and owned by businessman Sir Francis Ley for workers at | 6,130,840 |
536752 | Baseball Ground | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baseball%20Ground | Baseball Ground
his foundry, Ley's Malleable Castings Vulcan Ironworks. The stadium was the focal point of the complex and was part of a personal quest by Ley to introduce baseball to the UK.
The stadium was home to Derby County Baseball Club, which was allied to the more famous Derby County Football Club. The baseball club ran away with the first championship after the National Baseball League of Great Britain and Ireland was established in 1890. However, pressure from other teams in the league over the number of American players Derby used forced them to resign at the end of the league's first season, though the baseball club itself lasted until 1898.
Derby County Football Club was formed in 1884, as an | 6,130,841 |
536752 | Baseball Ground | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baseball%20Ground | Baseball Ground
offshoot of the Derbyshire County Cricket Club. The football club played on a pitch that was part of the Derby cricket ground, which at that time was in the middle of a racecourse. This site, which had minimal facilities, was chosen to host five FA Cup semi-finals, the replay of the 1886 FA Cup Final and an England international match in 1895. Derby had occasionally used Ley's Baseball Ground for their home matches due to horse racing meetings taking priority. With their partner baseball club in decline, Derby County FC made it their permanent home in 1895 and renamed it The Baseball Ground. A party of Gypsies were forced to move and legend has it that before leaving they put a curse on the | 6,130,842 |
536752 | Baseball Ground | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baseball%20Ground | Baseball Ground
ground preventing Derby County winning the FA Cup. The ground became the property of the club in 1924 when it was purchased from Ley's heirs for £10,000. The Baseball Ground was once used for an international match: England beat Ireland 2–1 in a British Home Championship match on 11 February 1911.
At its height, the Baseball Ground could accommodate around 42,000 spectators. The record attendance was 41,826 for a match against Tottenham Hotspur in 1969, just after Derby County were promoted under the management of Brian Clough, at the beginning of the most successful era in the club's history. Clough guided Derby County to the league title in 1972 and his successor Dave Mackay oversaw another | 6,130,843 |
536752 | Baseball Ground | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baseball%20Ground | Baseball Ground
title triumph in 1975.
However, attendances fell at the turn of the 1980s as Derby were relegated from the First Division in 1980, and in 1984 they fell into the Third Division, though an upswing in form followed and they were back in the First Division by 1987. Perimeter fencing was erected between the stands and the pitch during the 1970s to combat pitch invasions by hooligans, but this was dismantled in April 1989, within days of the Hillsborough disaster in which 96 Liverpool fans were fatally injured, most of them crushed to death against perimeter fencing. This resulted in policing levels in games at the Baseball Ground being increased by 50%.
## Closure.
Derby County remained at the | 6,130,844 |
536752 | Baseball Ground | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baseball%20Ground | Baseball Ground
stadium until 1997, when they moved to the Pride Park Stadium. The site had first been identified in August 1993, although difficulties with decontaminating the land led to the project being abandoned within 18 months in favour of rebuilding the Baseball Ground into a 26,000-seat stadium. In the meantime, the Baseball Ground had been gradually converted into an all-seater stadium, although its capacity was reduced to just over 18,000 - inadequate for a second tier club with ambitions of winning promotion back to the top flight.
However, these plans were abandoned in February 1996 and Pride Park was confirmed as the location for a new stadium. Construction work began later in 1996, with the | 6,130,845 |
536752 | Baseball Ground | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baseball%20Ground | Baseball Ground
new stadium scheduled to be ready in time for the 1997-98 season. It was, however, confirmed that the Baseball Ground would be retained for reserve and youth team matches for at least a few years after the new stadium's completion.
The last league match to be played there was a Premier League fixture against Arsenal (where 18,287 people watched Derby lose 3-1, although their top flight status was secured one season after promotion), though the stadium continued to be used for reserve team games for a few seasons afterwards.
In late 2003, several months after the youth team played its final game there, the Baseball Ground was finally demolished to make way for housing. The former ground has | 6,130,846 |
536752 | Baseball Ground | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baseball%20Ground | Baseball Ground
since been redeveloped to around 150 new homes and, in September 2010 a commemorative statue was unveiled on the site. The 15' (4 and a half metre) high metalwork featuring the silhouettes of three footballers dribbling and shooting was commissioned by the builders Spirita and Strata and designed by artist Denis O'Connor. A fan, George Glover, 'made history' by scoring the last ever goal at the Baseball Ground in a game between fans.
# Structure and facilities.
After the Taylor Report was published, the stadium was slowly converted to become all-seater from terracing. Consequently, its capacity dropped to 17,451 in the 1995–96 season. This was inadequate for the ambitions of Derby County, | 6,130,847 |
536752 | Baseball Ground | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baseball%20Ground | Baseball Ground
re chasing promotion to the Premier League during the early to mid-1990s, finally achieving it as Division One runners-up in 1996. The stadium featured two 3-tier stands at either end, both with the lowest tier not facing completely straight towards the pitch (due to the previous configuration for baseball) giving a wedge-like appearance at one end. Also, in one corner was a unique stand that was more house-like, mainly for media use.
# Transport.
In 1990, a halt was built to serve the stadium called Ramsline Halt although only four trains ever stopped there.
# References.
- Sources
# External links.
- Photographs of the Baseball Ground before and after
- Football Ground Guide Article | 6,130,848 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
Layla
"Layla" is a song written by Eric Clapton and Jim Gordon, originally released by their blues rock band Derek and the Dominos, as the thirteenth track from their only studio album "Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs" (November 1970). Its contrasting movements were supposedly composed separately by Clapton and Gordon. The piano part has also been controversially credited to Rita Coolidge, Gordon's girlfriend at the time.
The song was inspired by a love story that originated in 7th-century Arabia and later formed the basis of "The Story of Layla and Majnun" by the 12th-century Persian poet Nizami Ganjavi, a copy of which Ian Dallas had given to Clapton. The book moved Clapton profoundly, | 6,130,849 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
because it was the tale of a young man who fell hopelessly in love with a beautiful, young girl, went crazy and so could not marry her. The song was further inspired by Clapton's then-unrequited love for Pattie Boyd, the wife of his friend and fellow musician George Harrison of the Beatles. Clapton and Boyd would eventually marry.
"Layla" was unsuccessful on its initial release, but has since experienced great critical and popular acclaim, and is often hailed as being among the greatest rock songs of all time. Two versions have achieved chart success, the first in 1972 and the second (without the piano coda) 20 years later as an acoustic "Unplugged" performance by Clapton. In 2004, "Layla" | 6,130,850 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
was ranked number 27 on "Rolling Stone"s list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time", and the acoustic version won the 1993 Grammy Award for Best Rock Song.
# Background.
In 1966, Beatles guitarist George Harrison married Pattie Boyd, a model he met during the filming of "A Hard Day's Night". During the late 1960s, Clapton and Harrison became close friends. Clapton contributed uncredited guitar work on Harrison's song "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" on the Beatles' "White Album", and Harrison co-wrote and played guitar pseudonymously (as L'Angelo Misterioso) on Cream's "Badge" from ""Goodbye"". However, between his tenures in Cream and Blind Faith, Clapton fell in love with Boyd.
The title, | 6,130,851 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
"Layla", was inspired by the story of "Layla and Majnun", which Clapton had been told by his friend Ian Dallas, who was in the process of converting to Islam. Nizami's tale, about a moon princess who was married off by her father to a man she didn't love, resulting in Majnun's madness, struck a deep chord with Clapton.
Boyd divorced Harrison in 1977 and married Clapton in 1979 during a concert stop in Tucson, Arizona. Harrison was not bitter about the divorce and attended Clapton's wedding party with fellow Beatles Ringo Starr and Paul McCartney. During their relationship, Clapton wrote another love ballad for Pattie, "Wonderful Tonight" (1977). Clapton and Boyd divorced in 1988.
# Writing | 6,130,852 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
and recording.
After the breakup of Cream, Clapton tried his hand with several groups, including Blind Faith and the husband-and-wife duo Delaney and Bonnie. In the spring of 1970, he was told that some members of Delaney and Bonnie's backup band, notably bassist Carl Radle, drummer Jim Gordon, and keyboardist Bobby Whitlock, were leaving the group. Seizing the opportunity, Clapton formed a new group, which became Derek and the Dominos.
During the recording of the album, Duane Allman joined Clapton's fledgling band as a guest. Clapton and Allman, already mutual fans, were introduced at an Allman Brothers concert by Tom Dowd. The two hit it off well and soon became good friends. Dowd said of | 6,130,853 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
their guitar-playing chemistry: "There had to be some sort of telepathy going on because I've never seen spontaneous inspiration happen at that rate and level. One of them would play something, and the other reacted instantaneously. Never once did either of them have to say, 'Could you play that again, please?' It was like two hands in a glove. And they got tremendously off on playing with each other." Dowd was already famous for a variety of work and had worked with Clapton in his Cream days (Clapton once called him "the ideal recording man"); his work on the album would be another achievement. For the making of his biographical film "Tom Dowd and the Language of Music", he remixed the original | 6,130,854 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
master tapes of "Layla," saying, "There are my principles, in one form or another."
Clapton originally wrote "Layla" as a ballad, with lyrics describing his unrequited love for Boyd, but the song became a "rocker" when, according to Clapton, Allman composed the song's signature riff. With the band assembled and Dowd producing, "Layla" was recorded in its rock form. The recording of the first section consisted of sixteen tracks of which six were guitar tracks: a rhythm track by Clapton, three tracks of harmonies played by Clapton (the main power chord riff on both channels and two harmonies against that main riff, one on the left channel and one on the right channel), a track of solos by Allman | 6,130,855 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
(fretted solos with bent notes during the verses and a slide solo during the outro), and one track with both Allman and Clapton playing duplicate solos (the 7-note "signature" riff doubled in two octaves and the 12-note "signature" riff doubled in unison). According to Clapton, Allman played the first seven notes of the 12-note "signature" riff fretted and the last five notes on slide in standard tuning. Each player used one input of the same two-input Fender Champ amplifier.
Shortly afterward, Clapton returned to the studio, where he heard Jim Gordon playing a piano piece he had composed separately. Clapton, impressed by the piece, convinced Gordon to allow it to be used as part of the song. | 6,130,856 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
Though only Gordon has been credited with this part, according to Whitlock, "Jim took that piano melody from his ex-girlfriend Rita Coolidge. I know because in the D&B days I lived in John Garfield's old house in the Hollywood Hills and there was a guest house with an upright piano in it. Rita and Jim were up there in the guest house and invited me to join in on writing this song with them called 'Time'. ... Her sister Priscilla wound up recording it with Booker T. Jones. ... Jim took the melody from Rita's song and didn't give her credit for writing it. Her boyfriend ripped her off." "Time" ended up on the album "Chronicles" by Booker T. and Priscilla Jones which was released in 1973. Whitlock's | 6,130,857 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
story was echoed by Coolidge herself in her 2016 autobiography. The claim is also substantiated in Graham Nash's 2014 autobiography "Wild Tales".
"Layla's" second movement (the "Piano Exit") was recorded roughly a week after the first, with Gordon playing his piano part, Clapton playing acoustic guitar and slide guitar, and Allman playing electric and bottleneck slide guitar. After Dowd spliced the two movements together, "Layla" was complete.
score vorbis midi
r2 r8 a16 c16 d16 f16 (d16) c16 d1~ d2~ d8
a16 c16 d16 f16 (d16) c16 d1~ d2~ d8
a' 16 c16 d16 f16 d16 c16
/score
The opening five bars to the guitar part of "Layla"
Due to the circumstances of its composition, "Layla" is defined | 6,130,858 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
by two movements, each marked by a riff. The first movement, which was recorded in the key of D minor for choruses and C-sharp minor for verses, is centred around the "signature riff", a guitar piece utilising hammer-ons, pull-offs, and power chords. The first section contains the overdub-heavy slide guitar solo, played by Allman. By placing his slide at points beyond the end of the fretboard, Allman was able to play notes at a higher pitch than could be played with standard technique. Dowd referred to this as "notes that aren't on the instrument!"
The second movement, the contribution from Jim Gordon or Rita Coolidge, is commonly referred to as the "Piano Exit." Originally played in C major, | 6,130,859 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
the tape speed of the coda was increased slightly during mixing. The resulting pitch is somewhere between C and C sharp. The piano interlude at the end of the song is augmented by an acoustic guitar, and is also the accompaniment to the outro-solo. The same melody is also played on Allman's slide guitar a octave higher. Gordon does not improvise or deviate from the piano part; Clapton and Allman are the ones who improvise the melody. The song ends with Allman playing his signature high-pitched "bird call" on his slide guitar. This portion is featured prominently in the end titles of the film "Goodfellas".
As Clapton commented on his signature song:
Or, as his inspiration, Pattie Boyd, once | 6,130,860 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
said, "I think that he was amazingly raw at the time... He's such an incredible musician that he's able to put his emotions into music in such a way that the audience can feel it instinctively. It goes right through you."
## Personnel.
- Eric Clapton – lead vocals, lead guitar, rhythm guitar, acoustic guitar
- Duane Allman – lead guitar, slide guitar
- Bobby Whitlock – Hammond organ, piano, background vocals
- Carl Radle – bass guitar
- Jim Gordon – drums, percussion, piano
- Tom Dowd – producer
- Howard Albert, Ron Albert, Mack Emerman, Chuck Kirkpatrick, Karl Richardson – recording engineers
# Beyond the original album.
The album "Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs" opened to lacklustre | 6,130,861 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
sales as the album never actually reached the music charts in the United Kingdom, possibly in part because Clapton's name was found only on the back cover. In addition, the song's length proved prohibitive for radio airplay. As a result, a shortened version of the song, consisting of the first 2:43 of Part I, was released as a single in March 1971 by Atco Records in the United States. The version peaked at number 51 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 singles chart. When "Layla" was re-released on the 1972 compilations "The History of Eric Clapton" and Duane Allman's "An Anthology" and then released the full 7:10 version (including the "Piano Exit" that formed Part II) as a single, it charted at number | 6,130,862 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
seven in the United Kingdom and reached number 10 in the United States. With good sales figures, the "Billboard" magazine was able to rank the Rock single as the 60th best-selling song in 1972.
In 1982, "Layla" was re-released as a single in the United Kingdom, and peaked at number four. This time the whole seven-minute single charted, containing the trailing two-thirds which is instrumental only. Critical opinion since has been overwhelmingly positive. Dave Marsh, in "The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock and Roll", wrote that "there are few moments in the repertoire of recorded rock where a singer or writer has reached so deeply into himself that the effect of hearing them is akin | 6,130,863 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
to witnessing a murder or a suicide... to me 'Layla' is the greatest of them." Marsh listed "Layla" at number 156 in his "The Heart of Rock & Soul: The 1001 Greatest Singles Ever Made".
In May 1980, "Layla" was covered by the London Symphony Orchestra, but without the lyrics, being recorded at EMI Studio One, Abbey Road, London. A similar version has been performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. On 20 September 1983, a benefit show called the ARMS Charity Concert for Multiple Sclerosis at the Royal Albert Hall in London featured a jam with Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, and Jimmy Page performing "Layla". Clapton, Beck, and Page were the Yardbirds' successive lead guitarists from 1963 to 1968.
In | 6,130,864 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
2003, the Allman Brothers Band began playing the song in concert. Warren Haynes sang the vocal, Gregg Allman played the piano part, and Derek Trucks played Duane Allman's guitar parts during the coda. The performances were seen as a tribute not only to Allman, but also to producer Tom Dowd, who had died the previous year. Eric Clapton recorded yet a third version. "Layla" appears as track seven on "". Personnel on this version include Wynton Marsalis (vocals, trumpet), Eric Clapton (vocals, guitar), Victor Goines (clarinet), Marcus Printup (trumpet), Chris Crenshaw (trombone, vocals), Don Vappie (banjo), Chris Stainton (keyboards), Dan Nimmer (piano), Carlos Henriquez (bass), and Ali Jackson | 6,130,865 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
(drums).
# "Unplugged" version.
## Recording.
In 1992, Clapton was invited to play for the "MTV Unplugged" series. On 16 January 1992, he recorded an acoustic album, accompanied by a concert film, at the Bray Studios in Bray, Berkshire. Although the production team and Clapton's staff liked the recordings, Clapton did not want to release either the album or the concert film. Finally, Clapton agreed to release the album in a limited edition. When "Unplugged" sold out, Clapton gave Warner Bros. and Reprise Records the permission to delete the limited album production. For the album, Clapton decided to record both new material like "Tears in Heaven" and "Lonely Stranger" and old songs he grew | 6,130,866 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
up with such as "Nobody Knows You When You're Down and Out" or enjoyed listening to or had written as a grown man like "San Francisco Bay Blues" and "Layla". Clapton, who plays acoustic guitar and sings on the live track, was backed by Andy Fairweather Low who played acoustic rhythm guitar, Nathan East on acoustic bass guitar and background vocals, Ray Cooper on percussion, Steve Ferrone on drums, Katie Kissoon and Tessa Niles on background vocals as well as Chuck Leavell on piano. Pianist Chuck Leavell recalled that recording the acoustic version of "Layla" felt natural to him and liked that the band was given some space to play during the body of the song and not just during the reprise like | 6,130,867 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
it is on the original recording. "It gave us a chance to interpret the song in our way and it did work out well and it gave it a re-birth I think.", Leavell said. The acoustic version of "Layla" was produced by Russ Titelman.
Clapton recorded the acoustic version of "Layla" on a C.F. Martin & Co. steel-string acoustic guitar in OOO-42 style from 1939 which was hand built in Nazareth, Pennsylvania (No. OOO-42/73234). Clapton called this guitar one of the finest instruments he has ever used and called its sound "incredible". The auction house Christie's noted, "the guitar became one of the most enduring images of recent music history" being a part of the "Unplugged" album cover. Christie's expert | 6,130,868 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
for the musical department Kerry Keane called the instrument "in the hands of Eric Clapton singly responsible for the repolarization of playing acoustic guitar today". When Keane played the guitar, he also remarked an "amazing" sound as the acoustic guitar seems to have a "wonderfully balanced tone [which is] loud and sweet at the same time with an incredible bass note." The vintage instrument was estimated to sell between $60,000 to $80,000 but was in the end sold for $791,500.
## Arrangement.
Rhythm acoustic guitar player Andy Fairweather Low was invited by Clapton to his flat in Chelsea, London to work out the songs to be recorded for the "Unplugged" album in January 1992. During the process, | 6,130,869 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
Clapton suggested that it would be a good idea to do another version of "Layla". Fairweather Low agreed because he had wanted to release one himself as a big Derek and the Dominos fan. Clapton thought that the perfect arrangement for the rock anthem would be a shuffle because he always liked changing the tempo of a song and looking at something from a different angle.
When Clapton was asked about the acoustic version of the song by the MTV Network, he replied: "'Layla' sort of mystified me. I have done it the same all these years and never ever considered trying to revamp it. And a lot of artists do that, you know? Bob Dylan for instance changes everything everytime he plays it and I thought | 6,130,870 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
this was another great opportunity to just take it off on a different path, to put it to a shuffle and for a start, making it acoustic denied all the riffs, really. They would have sounded a bit weak, I think, on the acoustic guitar, so it just seemed to become Jazzier somehow. And of course, I'm singing it a whole octave down. So it gives it a nice kind of atmosphere."
The song was written in the key of D minor which Clapton recalled pushed him to the top of his singing range. When Clapton slowed it down, Fairweather Low suggested Clapton should sing the track a whole octave down. Clapton was pleased with the result as it sounded "nice" and "sort of Jazzy" to him. The new arrangement slowed | 6,130,871 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
down and re-worked the original riff and dispensed with the piano coda. Because Clapton changed the arrangement of his rock anthem so much, he decided to introduce this version to the unsuspecting live audience by stating: "See if you can spot this one."
## Reception.
"AllMusic" critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine said that "Layla" seemed to be the "Unplugged" album's hit; he describes it as a "slow crawl through Derek & the Dominos' version, turning that anguished howl of pain into a cozy shuffle and the whole album proceeds at a similar amiable gait, taking its time and enjoying detours into old blues standards." Journalist Steve Hochman called the acoustic version a "low-key but seductive recasting". | 6,130,872 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
Music broadcaster VH1 thinks the "Unplugged" version revealed Clapton's guitar skills in the acoustic setting, which was particularly obvious on the re-working of "Layla" that "stressed Clapton's tender side without forfeitting intensity." "Entertainment Weekly" journalists picked the tune as the mega hit off the "Unplugged" album. The critics especially liked Leavell's piano work on the song, saying that it "adds a smoky-jazz-joint torch-song ambience that's both expectation shattering and emotionally compelling to the tune".
# Legacy.
In 1970, "Jamrock Entertainment" listed "Layla" as the best song of the year. "Acclaimed Music" rated the original version as the best song of 1970 and the | 6,130,873 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
12th most popular song of the 1970s. In 1972, "Layla" was one of the most performed songs of the year, and was just a year after its original release considered a "Rock standard". With its re-release in 1982, the Rock song cemented its reputation as a global Rock hit track. The tune features one of the most iconic Rock guitar riffs of all-time, and it is one of the popular songs written about a woman. It is featured on a number of "greatest ever" lists. The song was chosen by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as one of their "500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll", and "Rolling Stone" ranked the song at number 27 on their list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". The Recording Industry Association | 6,130,874 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
of America ranked "Layla" at number 118 on their Songs of the Century on 7 March 2001. Music critic Dave Marsh placed the tune on number two for his "Best Singles of the Year 1972" compilation. With its makeover in 1992 for the "Unplugged" album, "Layla" became an all-time hit song, as it won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song in 1993, and was broadcast nonstop in 1992 and 1993 on the radio, in stores, and on television around the globe. In 1992, "Layla" was the most performed song of the year, and won a BMI Broadcasting Award for radio and television appearances of the 1992 "Layla" for more than two million times in summer of 1994 – just one and a half years after "Layla" had been released | 6,130,875 |
536701 | Layla | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Layla | Layla
r 1972" compilation. With its makeover in 1992 for the "Unplugged" album, "Layla" became an all-time hit song, as it won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song in 1993, and was broadcast nonstop in 1992 and 1993 on the radio, in stores, and on television around the globe. In 1992, "Layla" was the most performed song of the year, and won a BMI Broadcasting Award for radio and television appearances of the 1992 "Layla" for more than two million times in summer of 1994 – just one and a half years after "Layla" had been released as an acoustic version. As of 2011, "Layla" attained more than six million broadcasts on television and the radio or performances on other records and during live concerts. | 6,130,876 |
536778 | Santa Fe University of Art and Design | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Fe%20University%20of%20Art%20and%20Design | Santa Fe University of Art and Design
Santa Fe University of Art and Design
Santa Fe University of Art and Design (SFUAD) was a private, for-profit art school in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The university was built from the College of Santa Fe (CSF), a Catholic facility founded as St. Michael's College in 1859, and renamed the College of Santa Fe in 1966. After financial difficulties in 2009, the campus was purchased by the City of Santa Fe, the State of New Mexico, and Laureate Education, and reopened with a narrowed focus on the film, theater, and other arts. As the Santa Fe University of Art and Design it became a secular college of 950 students. According to the U.S. Department of Education, the graduation rate was 22% in 2017. The | 6,130,877 |
536778 | Santa Fe University of Art and Design | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Fe%20University%20of%20Art%20and%20Design | Santa Fe University of Art and Design
university closed in May 2018.
# History.
St. Michael's College was established at the behest of Archbishop Jean-Baptiste Lamy, who had arrived in New Mexico in 1851 to find that formal schooling in the territory was nonexistent. After establishing the Loretto Academy for girls in 1852, Lamy recruited the De La Salle Christian Brothers to open a similar school for boys, and St. Michael's held its first classes in the fall of 1859. In the 1870s, the school appointed a new leader, Brother Botulph, who oversaw its growth into an institution of higher learning. Under Botulph, St. Michael's began offering high school diplomas, and later, teaching certificates. In 1874 it received a charter from | 6,130,878 |
536778 | Santa Fe University of Art and Design | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Fe%20University%20of%20Art%20and%20Design | Santa Fe University of Art and Design
the territorial legislature, making it the oldest chartered college in New Mexico. In 1878, the school completed a new main building which still stands in altered form on Old Santa Fe Trail.
Eventually, with different types of educational institutions becoming more sharply delineated, St. Michael's phased out its post-secondary courses by the end of World War I to operate strictly as St. Michael's High School. However, in the 1940s, the school's former principal Brother Benildus of Mary decided to re-establish St. Michael's College as an institution of higher learning. In 1944 he launched a fundraiser to build a new college on the existing campus which fell short of the goal. However, he got | 6,130,879 |
536778 | Santa Fe University of Art and Design | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Fe%20University%20of%20Art%20and%20Design | Santa Fe University of Art and Design
a second chance when the former Bruns Army General Hospital on Cerrillos Road was declared surplus property at the end of World War II. In 1947, Benildus managed to secure a portion of the hospital complex totaling and 39 semi-permanent wooden buildings for the new college, which was ready to begin classes in the fall. By 1949 the college had over 200 students, and in 1961 it completed its first permanent building, Brother Benildus Hall.
In 1966, the Christian Brothers changed the name of the school to the College of Santa Fe.
In February 2009, the College of Santa Fe declared a state of financial emergency. Attempts to merge with Highlands University faltered due to funding concerns, and | 6,130,880 |
536778 | Santa Fe University of Art and Design | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Fe%20University%20of%20Art%20and%20Design | Santa Fe University of Art and Design
the school nearly closed. In September 2009, a public-private partnership that included the City of Santa Fe, the New Mexico State Governor's Office and Laureate Education (a for-profit corporation) purchased the campus, reopening the school as The College of Santa Fe, under different leadership.
The name changed to Santa Fe University of Art and Design on August 30, 2010 after the school decided to narrow its focus on art and design. There is no longer an affiliation with the Lasallian Brothers or the alumni of College of Santa Fe.
On May 18, 2016 the school announced that it would be acquired by Raffles Education, a Singapore-based private company. However, the deal fell through, leaving | 6,130,881 |
536778 | Santa Fe University of Art and Design | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Fe%20University%20of%20Art%20and%20Design | Santa Fe University of Art and Design
ownership of the school with Laureate Education. Citing "significant ongoing financial challenges," the university closed after the 2017-2018 school year.
# Campus.
The Santa Fe University of Art and Design is housed on 60-acres. Approximately 70% of its student body lives in college-owned housing.
## Facilities.
The university is the location of the Greer Garson Theatre Center, which includes the Weckesser Studio Theatre, a black-box performance space, a dance studio, the Claire Stewart Williamson Acting Lab, practice rooms and costume shops.
The Visual Arts Center houses the art and photography departments. The facility is a series of interconnected buildings designed by Ricardo Legorreta.
Garson | 6,130,882 |
536778 | Santa Fe University of Art and Design | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Fe%20University%20of%20Art%20and%20Design | Santa Fe University of Art and Design
Studios is a 27,000-square-foot motion picture soundstage facility connected to the university’s Film School. It has the largest permanent green screen in the state of New Mexico. The facility was founded in 1989 by actress and College of Santa Fe patron Greer Garson. According to the school, Garson Studios has been the filming location of over 30 films, which collectively have been nominated for 20 Academy Awards, with 5 wins. Students from all programs are eligible to intern on films produced at Garson Studios.
The Screen is a cinematheque with seating for 165. It screens international, artistic, and independent films, and also streams performances of operas, ballets, and plays via satellite. | 6,130,883 |
536778 | Santa Fe University of Art and Design | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Fe%20University%20of%20Art%20and%20Design | Santa Fe University of Art and Design
The theater is open to the public.
# Academics.
Santa Fe University of Art and Design is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.
The college offers degrees in arts management, contemporary music, creative writing, digital arts, film, graphic design, performing arts, photography, and studio art.
In 2012 the school began collaborating with actor Robert Redford to offer a full-ride Unique Voice scholarship for indigenous people, as well as several Emerging Artist Scholarships.
# Notable alumni.
## St. Michael's College.
- Conrad Hilton, hotelier
- Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo, former Governor and U.S. Senator for New Mexico.
- Manuel Lujan Jr., former United States Secretary of the | 6,130,884 |
536778 | Santa Fe University of Art and Design | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Fe%20University%20of%20Art%20and%20Design | Santa Fe University of Art and Design
Interior, former member of the U.S. House of Representatives
## College of Santa Fe.
- Ari Aster, filmmaker
- Ray Buktenica, television actor
- Suzanna Choffel, American singer-songwriter and musician
- Paul Collins and Nick Petree of the band Beirut
- Samantha Crain, singer-songwriter/musician
- Rockmond Dunbar, actor
- William Jackson Harper, actor
- Tim Huelskamp, U.S. Representative from Kansas's 1st district.
- Annie Lederman, comedian
- Macklemore, aka Ben Haggerty, Grammy Award-winning rapper
- Alissa Moreno, singer-songwriter
- Roxy Paine, American sculptor
- Denise Poirier, voice actress for Aeon Flux
- Graham Robertson, filmmaker
- Debbie Rodella, New Mexico state legislator
- | 6,130,885 |
536778 | Santa Fe University of Art and Design | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Fe%20University%20of%20Art%20and%20Design | Santa Fe University of Art and Design
William Salyers, actor/voice actor
- Oliver M. Thomas, Jr., New Orleans Democratic city council member who pleaded guilty to bribery in 2007
- Michael Tyburski, filmmaker
- Bernadette Vigil, muralist
# Notable faculty.
- Matt Donovan, Chair, Creative Writing and Literature. Recipient of the 2010 Whiting Writers’ Award.
- Susan York, Chair of Art Department. Sculptor.
- Chris Eyre, Chair, The Film School. Recipient of Peabody and Emmy awards for his work as a filmmaker.
- Jon Jory, President's Chair, Performing Arts Department. Member of the American Theatre Hall of Fame; recipient of the National Theatre Conference Award and the American Theatre Association's Distinguished Career Award.
- | 6,130,886 |
536778 | Santa Fe University of Art and Design | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Fe%20University%20of%20Art%20and%20Design | Santa Fe University of Art and Design
van, Chair, Creative Writing and Literature. Recipient of the 2010 Whiting Writers’ Award.
- Susan York, Chair of Art Department. Sculptor.
- Chris Eyre, Chair, The Film School. Recipient of Peabody and Emmy awards for his work as a filmmaker.
- Jon Jory, President's Chair, Performing Arts Department. Member of the American Theatre Hall of Fame; recipient of the National Theatre Conference Award and the American Theatre Association's Distinguished Career Award.
- Anne Valente, Creative Writing and Literature. Recipient of the 2011 Dzanc Books Short Story Prize
- Horace Alexander Young, Chair, Contemporary Music Program. saxophonist and flute player
# External links.
- Official website | 6,130,887 |
536762 | Northeast Asia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northeast%20Asia | Northeast Asia
Northeast Asia
Northeast Asia, North East Asia or Northeastern Asia is a term to refer to a subregion of Asia: the northeastern landmass and islands, bordering the Pacific Ocean. It includes the core countries of East Asia.
The term Northeast Asia was popularized during the 1930s by an American historian and political scientist named Robert Kerner. Under Kerner's definition, "Northeast Asia" included the Mongolian Plateau, the Manchurian Plain, the Korean Peninsula and the mountainous regions of the Far East controlled by Russia, stretching from Lena River in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.
# Definitions.
The definition of Northeast Asia is not static but often changes according | 6,130,888 |
536762 | Northeast Asia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northeast%20Asia | Northeast Asia
to the context in which it is discussed.
In common usage, the term Northeast Asia typically refers to a region including China. In this sense, the core countries constituting Northeast Asia are China, Japan, Taiwan, Mongolia, North Korea and South Korea.
Broader definitions, such as that used by the World Bank refer to the "three major Northeast Asian economies, i.e. China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan", as well as Mongolia, North Korea, the Russian Far East and Siberia. The Council on Foreign Relations includes the Russia Far East, Mongolia, and Nepal. The World Bank also acknowledges the roles of sub-national or "de facto" states, such as Hong Kong and Macau. The Economic Research Institute | 6,130,889 |
536762 | Northeast Asia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northeast%20Asia | Northeast Asia
for Northeast Asia defines the region as "China, Japan, the Koreas, Nepal, Mongolia, and eastern regions of the Russian Federation".
Despite not being culturally or ethnically East Asian, Russia is sometimes included in discussion as its political interests and policies clashes with those, in particular, of China, Japan, and the Koreas due to its control over the Russian Far East.
The Yellow Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the East China Sea are also included in discussions of the region.
# Economics.
Northeast Asia is one of the most important economic regions of the world. It is also one of the major political centers and has significant influence on international affairs. By the end of the | 6,130,890 |
536762 | Northeast Asia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northeast%20Asia | Northeast Asia
1990s, Northeast Asia had a share of 12% of the global energy consumption, with a strong increasing trend. By 2030, the strong economic growth in the region is expected to double or triple this share.
# Biogeography.
In biogeography, Northeast Asia generally refers to roughly the area spanning Japan, the Korean Peninsula, Northeast China, and the Far East between Lake Baikal in Central Siberia and the Pacific Ocean.
Northeast Asia is mainly covered with temperate forest and grassland. There is a vast contrast with temperatures between summer and winter. It is also a mountainous area.
# See also.
- East Asian cultural sphere
- East Asian studies
- East Asia
- Northeast China
- Outer | 6,130,891 |
536762 | Northeast Asia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northeast%20Asia | Northeast Asia
Biogeography.
In biogeography, Northeast Asia generally refers to roughly the area spanning Japan, the Korean Peninsula, Northeast China, and the Far East between Lake Baikal in Central Siberia and the Pacific Ocean.
Northeast Asia is mainly covered with temperate forest and grassland. There is a vast contrast with temperatures between summer and winter. It is also a mountainous area.
# See also.
- East Asian cultural sphere
- East Asian studies
- East Asia
- Northeast China
- Outer Manchuria
# External links.
- Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies - "Brookings Institution"
- Kimura, Takeatsu - International Collation of Traditional and Folk Medicine - Northeast Asia - UNESCO | 6,130,892 |
536770 | Barrie School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barrie%20School | Barrie School
Barrie School
Barrie School is an independent school for all grades of pre-collegiate education located in an unincorporated area of Montgomery County, Maryland, outside of Washington, D.C. The school is within the Glenmont census designated place, has a Silver Spring postal address, and is in close proximity to Layhill. Barrie School is a nonprofit school with 501(c)(3) status.
Barrie School has three divisions located on the same campus. The Lower School, which serves children from age 18 months through fifth grade, is Montessori-based. The Middle and Upper Schools are college preparatory, however, teachers typically favor experiential learning over lectures. The students and faculty are | 6,130,893 |
536770 | Barrie School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barrie%20School | Barrie School
on a first-name basis and the environment is one of openness and mutual respect .
The student population of around 300 students enjoys a green campus, with two new modern buildings, a pool, and two ponds. With an average class size of around 18, teachers can integrate the natural setting into the curriculum through hands-on experiments or holding class outside .
Barrie has an equestrian team for both the Middle School and the Upper School. Both teams compete on the weekends. The Equestrian Director, Sue Wentzel, just started working for Barrie this year. The riding team was awarded 3rd place last year out of multiple teams .
# History.
## Founding in Mount Pleasant.
The school was founded | 6,130,894 |
536770 | Barrie School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barrie%20School | Barrie School
in 1932 by Frances Littman Seldin as a preschool called the Peter Pan School, located at 1604 Park Road NW in the Mount Pleasant neighborhood of the District of Columbia. A native of New York, Seldin was a graduate of Columbia University.
## Move to Takoma.
After unsuccessfully attempting to move to 1615 Manchester Lane NW in the Brightwood neighborhood, the school moved to 801 Fern Street NW in the Takoma neighborhood in 1939. A zoning variance to establish a school in the residential neighborhood, which was opposed by the Takoma Park Citizens Association, was granted by the District of Columbia Board of Zoning Adjustment. The new location was a urban campus. The name was changed to Barrie | 6,130,895 |
536770 | Barrie School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barrie%20School | Barrie School
School when upper grade classes were added, memorializing author J. M. Barrie, creator of the "Peter Pan" story.
Barrie was described by Mrs. Seldin as a progressive, country day school, directly influenced by the work of John Dewey, Maria Montessori, Alfred Adler, and Anna Freud. It was an anomaly among private schools in Washington, D.C., for much of its history because of Mrs. Seldin's then-controversial beliefs about integration, creating a socioeconomically diverse population, and her decision to offer a year-round program and extended hours to serve working parents. Although the name Montessori was rarely used in describing Barrie during those years, the program was heavily influenced | 6,130,896 |
536770 | Barrie School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barrie%20School | Barrie School
by Maria Montessori's philosophy and program, including practical life, integrated learning and project-based collaborative learning, multiple age class groups, and a culture of partnership between students, parents, and staff.
## Move to Montgomery County.
In the 1950s, Mrs. Seldin purchased a country estate on Layhill Road in rural Montgomery County, Maryland. The school began operating there in 1958. The new site was added to continue the school's mission of teaching in a natural setting. The Barrie Day Camp moved to the property. In 1976, the Fern Place campus was closed and the remaining Middle and Lower School classes were moved to the Layhill Road property, with room for 265 students.
The | 6,130,897 |
536770 | Barrie School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barrie%20School | Barrie School
Upper School (Grades 9-12) was closed from 1974 through 1982 as a result of Ms. Seldin's death and the need to sell the Fern Place campus to cover estate taxes, and a building moratorium imposed on new construction in Montgomery County during that period that created a cap on enrollment at the Layhill Road campus.
The high school was reopened in 1982 in time for the 50th anniversary of Barrie School's founding was celebrated with the reopening of the Upper School in the former Argyle Junior High School building on Bel Pre Road. That year, Barrie's Upper School was formally recognized by the American Montessori Society as the first Montessori High School in the United States. In that year the | 6,130,898 |
536770 | Barrie School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barrie%20School | Barrie School
Institute for Advanced Montessori Studies was authorized by the American Montessori Society and Maryland State Commission of Higher Education to offer the first formal teacher preparation for secondary Montessori educators (ages 12–18).
Classes were held until new buildings on the Layhill Road campus were completed in the summer of 1991, bringing the Primary, Lower and Upper Elementary, Middle, and Upper School students together on one campus again.
## Institute for Advanced Montessori Studies.
In 1980, the Institute for Advanced Montessori Studies, offering graduate-level teacher education programs, was founded on Barrie School’s Layhill Road campus to provide bridge between the traditional | 6,130,899 |
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