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1642893 | Dean (education) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dean%20(education) | Dean (education)
n.
Although most high schools are led by a principal or headmaster, a few (particularly private preparatory schools) refer to their chief authority as a dean. In large schools or some boarding schools there may be a dean of men or boys, and a dean of women or girls, or each year (freshman, sophomore, etc.) may have a dean. Some junior high schools and high schools have a teacher or administrator referred to as a dean who is in charge of student discipline and to some degree administrative services.
# See also.
- Dean (Christianity)
- Dean (disambiguation)
- Rector (academia)
# Further reading.
- Buller, Jeffrey L, "The Essential Academic Dean: A Practical Guide to College Leadership", | 6,140,600 |
1642878 | Barbara Payton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbara%20Payton | Barbara Payton
Barbara Payton
Barbara Lee Payton (born Barbara Lee Redfield; November 16, 1927 – May 8, 1967) was an American film actress best known for her stormy social life and eventual battles with alcohol and drug addiction. Her life has been the subject of several books including "Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye: The Barbara Payton Story" (2007), by John O'Dowd, "L.A. Despair: A Landscape of Crimes and Bad Times" (2005), by John Gilmore, and "B Movie: A Play in Two Acts" (2014), by Michael B. Druxman. In her brief life, she married four times.
# Early life.
Born in Cloquet, Minnesota, Payton was the daughter of Erwin Lee ("Flip") and Mabel Irene (Todahl) Redfield, the daughter of Norwegian immigrants. A son, | 6,140,601 |
1642878 | Barbara Payton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbara%20Payton | Barbara Payton
Frank Leslie III was born in 1931 and in 1938, the family moved to Odessa, Texas. With financial assistance from his sister, Payton's father was able to start his own business, a court of tourist cabins, "Antlers Court", anticipating it would turn out to be a profitable enterprise in a city like Odessa, whose population was booming due to the oil business.
By various accounts, Payton's father was a hard-working but difficult man, emotionally closed off, slow-talking but quick-tempered. His interaction with his children was minimal, and child-rearing responsibilities were left to his wife, Mabel, who occupied herself with her homemaking duties and managing family difficulties. Both of Payton's | 6,140,602 |
1642878 | Barbara Payton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbara%20Payton | Barbara Payton
parents had long-standing problems with alcohol. Payton's first cousin, Richard Kuitu, remembers visits to the home of his uncle and aunt. The Redfields would often start drinking at mid-morning and continue long after midnight. He recalls the violent temper Lee Redfield had when fueled by drink, which would sometimes result in the physical abuse of his wife.
As Payton was growing into maturity, her good looks were also blossoming, which garnered her attention. This type of attention was valued, even encouraged by her mother. She was known as a lively girl, willing to please, and she learned early in life that she had a potent effect on the opposite sex.
In November 1943, the then sixteen-year-old | 6,140,603 |
1642878 | Barbara Payton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbara%20Payton | Barbara Payton
eloped with high school boyfriend William Hodge. The marriage seemingly amounted to nothing more than an act of impulsive, teen-age rebellion, and Payton did not fight her parents' insistence that the marriage be annulled. A few months later, she quit high school in the eleventh grade. Her parents, who did not believe that formal education was needed for success in life, did not object to her leaving high school without a diploma.
In 1944, she met her second husband, decorated combat pilot John Payton, who at the time was stationed at Midland Army Airfield. The couple were married on February 10, 1945 and moved to Los Angeles where John enrolled at USC under the G.I. Bill. It was still early | 6,140,604 |
1642878 | Barbara Payton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbara%20Payton | Barbara Payton
in their marriage that Barbara, restless and feeling confined by her life as a housewife, expressed a desire to pursue a modeling or acting career.
Payton started a modeling career by hiring a photographer to take photos of her sporting fashionable outfits. This portfolio attracted the attention of a clothing designer, Saba of California, who signed her to a contract modeling junior fashions. In September 1947, the Rita La Roy Agency in Hollywood took her on and brought her more work in print advertising, notably in catalogs for Studebaker cars and in clothing ads for such magazines as "Charm" and "Junior Bazaar".
The couple had a son, John Lee Payton, who was born on March 14, 1947. Payton | 6,140,605 |
1642878 | Barbara Payton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbara%20Payton | Barbara Payton
managed to combine the responsibilities of wife, new mother, and professional model, yet marriage was strained; Barbara and her husband separated in July 1948. Payton's drive, fueled by her high-energy personality, had become focused on promoting her career and showcasing her beauty around the town's hot spots. Her notoriety as a luminous, fun-loving party girl in the Hollywood club scene caught the attention of William Goetz, an executive of Universal Studios. In January 1949, he signed her, age twenty-one, to a contract with a starting salary of $100 per week.
After her divorce from Payton in 1950, she lost custody of the couple's son in March 1956 after her ex-husband charged that she exposed | 6,140,606 |
1642878 | Barbara Payton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbara%20Payton | Barbara Payton
John Lee to "profane language, immoral conduct, notoriety, unwholesome activities" and failed to provide the boy with a "moral education".
# Career.
Payton first gained notice in the 1949 film noir "Trapped", co-starring Lloyd Bridges. In 1950, she was given the opportunity to make a screen test for John Huston's production of the forthcoming MGM crime drama "The Asphalt Jungle". She was not chosen and the part of the sultry mistress of a mob connected lawyer went to Marilyn Monroe.
After being screen-tested by James Cagney and his producer brother William, Payton starred with Cagney in the violent noir thriller "Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye" in 1950. William Cagney was so smitten with Payton's | 6,140,607 |
1642878 | Barbara Payton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbara%20Payton | Barbara Payton
sensual appeal and beauty that her contract was drawn as a joint agreement between William Cagney Productions and Warner Bros. who together saw fit to bestow on Payton a salary of $5,000 a week; a large sum for an actress yet to demonstrate star power at the box-office.
For a relative newcomer, in "Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye", Payton more than managed to hold her own among a cast of Hollywood veterans and alongside a super-star like Cagney himself. Her portrayal of the hardened, seductive girlfriend, whom Cagney's character ultimately double-crosses, was critically praised in newspaper reviews of the movie. Her acting skills were recognized and her significant screen charisma widely acknowledged. | 6,140,608 |
1642878 | Barbara Payton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbara%20Payton | Barbara Payton
"Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye" was the highpoint in Payton's career, the moment in time she was christened as a player with bonafide star power.
Her other screen appearances opposite Gary Cooper in "Dallas" (1950) and Gregory Peck in "Only the Valiant" (1951), both westerns, were lackluster productions where her roles were no more than window dressing for the hero and did little to highlight her skills as an actress. Payton's career decline began with the 1951 low-budget horror film "Bride of the Gorilla", co-starring Raymond Burr.
# Personal life.
In addition to her first two marriages (see above) and affairs with Howard Hughes, Bob Hope, Woody Strode, Guy Madison, George Raft, John Ireland, Steve | 6,140,609 |
1642878 | Barbara Payton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbara%20Payton | Barbara Payton
Cochran, and Texas oilman Bob Neal, Payton was married two more times.
In 1950, Payton met actor Franchot Tone and the two were later engaged. While engaged to Tone, Payton began an affair with B-movie actor Tom Neal. She soon went back and forth publicly between Neal and Tone. On September 14, 1951, Neal, a former college boxer, physically attacked Tone at Payton's apartment, leaving him in an 18-hour coma with a smashed cheekbone, broken nose, and concussion. The incident garnered huge publicity, and Payton decided to honor her engagement to Tone. Payton and Tone, who was still recovering from his injuries, were married on September 28, 1951 in Payton's hometown of Cloquet, Minnesota. After | 6,140,610 |
1642878 | Barbara Payton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbara%20Payton | Barbara Payton
being married, Tone discovered that she had continued her relations with Neal, and Tone was subsequently granted a divorce in May 1952.
The Payton/Neal relationship essentially ended their Hollywood film careers. During that time the couple capitalized on the notorious press coverage by touring in plays such as "The Postman Always Rings Twice", based on the popular 1946 film of the same name. They would also star together in "The Great Jesse James Raid", a B-movie western that received a limited release to theaters in 1953. In May 1953, Payton announced that she and Neal were to be married that summer in Paris. The couple cancelled their engagement and broke up the following year. She spent | 6,140,611 |
1642878 | Barbara Payton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbara%20Payton | Barbara Payton
time in England in 1953, co-starring in two low budget pictures for Hammer Films: "Four Sided Triangle" and "The Flanagan Boy" (a.k.a. "Bad Blonde").
In November 1957, Payton married George A. "Tony" Provas, a 23-year-old furniture store executive in Nogales, Arizona. They divorced in August 1958.
## Later years and death.
Payton's hard drinking and hard living ultimately destroyed her physically and emotionally. From 1955 to 1963, her growing alcoholism and drug addiction led to multiple skirmishes with the law, which included arrests for passing bad checks and eventually an arrest on Sunset Boulevard for prostitution.
Payton was offered the choice of being admitted to the detox unit and | 6,140,612 |
1642878 | Barbara Payton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbara%20Payton | Barbara Payton
said, "I'd rather drink and die." Following her brief hospitalization, she was driven by a county social worker to her parents' home in San Diego. She told her family's neighbor, "I never wanted to be with them, I never wanted to see them again. But here I am, and I got all the booze I want." Her father, Flip Redfield, and her mother, Mabel, were both heavy drinkers and engaged with Payton in unabated drinking binges.
Writer Robert Polito recalls a 34-year-old Payton in 1962, when she was a frequent visitor of a Hollywood, Sunset Boulevard establishment, "Coach and Horses", where the young Polito's father tended bar: "Barbara Payton oozed alcohol even before she ordered a drink - her brassy | 6,140,613 |
1642878 | Barbara Payton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbara%20Payton | Barbara Payton
hair; her face displayed a perpetual sunburn, a map of veins by her nose … she carried an old man's potbelly … her gowns and dresses … creased and spotted … She must have weighed two hundred pounds … She does not so much inhabit a character as impersonate a starlet."
In 1963, she was paid $1,000 for her autobiography, "I Am Not Ashamed", which was ghostwritten by Leo Guild; the memoir was re-issued in 2016 by Spurl Editions. The book originally included unflattering photographs of Payton and admissions that she had been forced to sleep on bus benches and suffered regular beatings as a prostitute. That year, she won a bit part in the western comedy film "4 for Texas", which was her last acting | 6,140,614 |
1642878 | Barbara Payton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbara%20Payton | Barbara Payton
role.
In 1967, Payton was ill and seeking refuge from her turbulent circumstances when she moved back to San Diego, California to live with her parents. On May 8, 1967, she died at her parents' home of heart and liver failure at the age of 39. Payton was cremated and was interred at Cypress View Mausoleum and Crematory in San Diego, California.
# References.
## Sources.
- Payton, Barbara (2016). "I Am Not Ashamed." Spurl Editions.
# External links.
- Notes from the Unashamed, Film writer Kim Morgan on Barbara Payton
- CONELRAD production history of Barbara Payton's film Run for the Hills
- John O'Dowd Presents: Hollywood Starlet Barbara Payton Includes info on 2007 biography.
- Preview | 6,140,615 |
1642878 | Barbara Payton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbara%20Payton | Barbara Payton
an Diego, California to live with her parents. On May 8, 1967, she died at her parents' home of heart and liver failure at the age of 39. Payton was cremated and was interred at Cypress View Mausoleum and Crematory in San Diego, California.
# References.
## Sources.
- Payton, Barbara (2016). "I Am Not Ashamed." Spurl Editions.
# External links.
- Notes from the Unashamed, Film writer Kim Morgan on Barbara Payton
- CONELRAD production history of Barbara Payton's film Run for the Hills
- John O'Dowd Presents: Hollywood Starlet Barbara Payton Includes info on 2007 biography.
- Preview on Barbara Payton: Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye
- Lengthy interview about Payton with biographer John O'Dowd. | 6,140,616 |
1642921 | William Thornton Mustard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Thornton%20Mustard | William Thornton Mustard
William Thornton Mustard
William Thornton Mustard, (August 8, 1914 – December 11, 1987) was a Canadian physician and cardiac surgeon. In 1949, he was one of the first to perform open-heart surgery using a mechanical heart pump and biological lung on a dog at the Banting Institute. He developed two operations named for him: the "Mustard operation" in orthopedics used to help hip use in people with polio and the "Mustard cardiovascular procedure" used to help correct heart problems in "blue babies," which has saved thousands of children worldwide.
# Education and training.
Born in Clinton, Ontario, the son of Thornton and Pearl (Macdonald) Mustard, Mustard graduated in medicine from the University | 6,140,617 |
1642921 | William Thornton Mustard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Thornton%20Mustard | William Thornton Mustard
of Toronto in 1937. He spent the next year on an internship at Toronto General Hospital and the following year on an internship in surgery at the Hospital for Sick Children. He then took a fellowship at the New York Orthopedic Hospital. In 1940, he returned to Toronto and spent six months training in general surgery, chest diseases, and neurosurgery.
# World War II service.
In 1941, he enlisted in the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps where he first served as a First Lieutenant rising to become a Major. During World War II, he pioneered an operation that helped keep a patient's limb with severe artery damage rather than amputating it. In 1944, he performed an operation on a leg of a soldier | 6,140,618 |
1642921 | William Thornton Mustard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Thornton%20Mustard | William Thornton Mustard
which would later be recognized with being made a Member of the Military Division of the Order of the British Empire. In 1941, he married Elise Howe. They had seven children.
# Career at Sick Kids.
After the war, he returned to Toronto and was chief resident at the Hospital for Sick Children for six months. He spent another year at the New York Orthopedic Hospital before being appointed surgeon at the Hospital for Sick Children in 1947. He spent a month training with Alfred Blalock in Baltimore. In 1957, he was appointed Chief of Cardiovascular Surgery and retired in 1976.
He died from a massive heart attack in 1987.
# Honours.
In 1976, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada "in | 6,140,619 |
1642921 | William Thornton Mustard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Thornton%20Mustard | William Thornton Mustard
pent another year at the New York Orthopedic Hospital before being appointed surgeon at the Hospital for Sick Children in 1947. He spent a month training with Alfred Blalock in Baltimore. In 1957, he was appointed Chief of Cardiovascular Surgery and retired in 1976.
He died from a massive heart attack in 1987.
# Honours.
In 1976, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada "in recognition of his many achievements in the field of medicine, particularly as a cardiac surgeon of international repute". In 1975, he was awarded the Gairdner Foundation International Award. In 1995, he was inducted in the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame.
# External links.
- Canadian Medical Hall of Fame citation | 6,140,620 |
1642925 | Mitchella repens | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitchella%20repens | Mitchella repens
Mitchella repens
Mitchella repens (partridge berry, or squaw vine) is the best known plant in the genus "Mitchella".
It is a creeping prostrate herbaceous woody shrub occurring in North America belonging to the madder family (Rubiaceae).
# Naming.
"Mitchella repens" is one of the many species first described by Carl Linnaeus. Its species name is the Latin adjective "repens", which means "creeping". Common names for "Mitchella repens" include partridge berry (or partridgeberry), squaw berry, two-eyed berry, running fox, and Noon kie oo nah yeah (in the Mohawk language).
# Description.
Partridge berry is an evergreen plant growing as a non-climbing vine, no taller than 6 cm tall with creeping | 6,140,621 |
1642925 | Mitchella repens | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitchella%20repens | Mitchella repens
stems 15 to 30 cm long. The evergreen, dark green, shiny leaves are ovate to cordate in shape. The leaves have a pale yellow midrib. The petioles are short, and the leaves are paired oppositely on the stems. Adventitious roots may grow at the nodes; and rooting stems may branch and root repeatedly, producing loose spreading mats.
The small, trumpet-shaped, axillary flowers are produced in pairs, and each flower pair arises from one common calyx which is covered with fine hairs. Each flower has four white petals, one pistil, and four stamens. Partridge Berry is a distylous taxa. The plants have either flowers with long pistils and short stamens (long-styled flowers, called the pin), or have | 6,140,622 |
1642925 | Mitchella repens | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitchella%20repens | Mitchella repens
short pistils and long stamens (short-styled flowers, called the thrum). The two style morphs are genetically determined, so the pollen from one morph does not fertilize the other morph, resulting in a form of heteromorphic self-incompatibility.
The ovaries of the twin flowers fuse, so that there are two flowers for each berry. The two bright red spots on each berry are vestiges of this process. The fruit ripens between July and October, and may persist through the winter. The fruit is a drupe containing up to eight seeds. The fruits are never abundant. They may be part of the diets of several birds, such as ruffed grouse, sharp-tailed grouse, northern bobwhite, and wild turkey. They are also | 6,140,623 |
1642925 | Mitchella repens | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitchella%20repens | Mitchella repens
consumed by foxes, white-footed mice, and skunks. The foliage is occasionally consumed by White-tailed deer.
The common reproduction is vegetative, with plants forming spreading colonies.
# Distribution and habitat.
The species is dispersed throughout eastern North America, from south Eastern Canada south to Florida and Texas, and to Guatemala. It is found growing in dry or moist woods, along stream banks and on sandy slopes.
# Cultivation and uses.
"Mitchella repens" is cultivated for its ornamental red berries and shiny, bright green foliage. It is grown as a creeping ground cover in shady locations. It is rarely propagated for garden use by way of seeds but cuttings are easy. The plants | 6,140,624 |
1642925 | Mitchella repens | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitchella%20repens | Mitchella repens
s grown as a creeping ground cover in shady locations. It is rarely propagated for garden use by way of seeds but cuttings are easy. The plants have been widely collected for Christmas decorations, and over collecting has impacted some local populations negatively. American Indian women made a tea from the leaves and berries that was consumed during childbirth. The plants are sometimes grown in terrariums. The scarlet berries are edible but rather tasteless, with a faint flavour of wintergreen, resembling cranberries (to which they are not closely related). Although they share a common name, they should not be confused with the Newfoundland "partridgeberry," which is "Vaccinium vitis-idaea." | 6,140,625 |
1642899 | Rollie Massimino | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rollie%20Massimino | Rollie Massimino
Rollie Massimino
Roland Vincent Massimino (November 13, 1934 – August 30, 2017) was an American basketball coach. He served as the head men's basketball coach at Stony Brook University (1969–1971), Villanova University (1973–1992), the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (1992–1994), Cleveland State University (1996–2003), and at Northwood University's Florida campus, which was sold in 2014 to Keiser University (2006–2017).
At Villanova, he led his 1984–85 team to the NCAA championship. Entering the 1985 NCAA Tournament as an eight seed, Villanova defeated their heavily favored Big East Conference foe, the Georgetown Hoyas, in the title game. It is widely regarded as one of the greatest upsets | 6,140,626 |
1642899 | Rollie Massimino | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rollie%20Massimino | Rollie Massimino
in NCAA history.
# Education.
Roland Massimino graduated in 1952 from Hillside High School in Hillside, New Jersey. In 1956, he earned a bachelor's degree in education from the University of Vermont (UVM), where he played varsity basketball for three years. He earned a master's degree equivalent in health and physical education from Rutgers University in 1959. While he was a student at UVM, he became a member of the Alpha-Lambda chapter of the Kappa Sigma fraternity.
# Coaching career.
## High school.
After graduating from UVM, Massimino entered the coaching ranks, where he coached varsity baseball and freshman and JV basketball at Cranford High School in Cranford, New Jersey. In 1959, | 6,140,627 |
1642899 | Rollie Massimino | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rollie%20Massimino | Rollie Massimino
he began a four-year tenure as head varsity basketball coach at Hillside High School in Hillside, New Jersey, the town in which he had grown up. In his second year as head basketball coach at Hillside, he led his team to the finals of the State Group III Championship. They lost a tightly-contested final game to Burlington High School from Burlington, New Jersey. The Hillside team was led by Frank Checorski, a unanimous Top-Five All-State Selection throughout The Garden State.
In 1963, with the support of high school All-American Bill Schutsky—who later captained the Army Cadets basketball team—Massimino led the Comets to the state Group IV finals. In both seasons, Hillside was defeated in the | 6,140,628 |
1642899 | Rollie Massimino | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rollie%20Massimino | Rollie Massimino
final playoff game by Newark's Central High School. The Comets lost during both years to a team composed of taller players, despite pushing the thrilling 1963 championship game into double-overtime.
For the 1963–64 season, Massimino moved to Lexington High School in Massachusetts. In 1965, he led the Lexington squad to a state championship and later led another to a 20–1 record. Along the way, Massimino was laying the foundation for an elite scholastic program which later dominated the Middlesex League, winning state titles in 1971, 1972, and 1978 along with league championships in 16 of the past 30 years.
In ten seasons as a high school coach, Massimino compiled a 160–61 record.
## College.
Massimino's | 6,140,629 |
1642899 | Rollie Massimino | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rollie%20Massimino | Rollie Massimino
collegiate debut came in 1969 as head coach of the State University of New York at Stony Brook. In his first season the Patriots (now Seawolves) won the conference championship after going 19–6, earning a berth in the NCAA small college tournament. Massimino's next stop was as an assistant coach under Chuck Daly at the University of Pennsylvania.
Massimino left Penn in March 1973, succeeding Jack Kraft as head coach of Villanova and leading the 1984-85 Wildcats team to one of the greatest upsets in NCAA tournament history by knocking off top-seeded Georgetown University (Washington, D.C.) in the 1985 NCAA Tournament Championship Game. The road to the finals proved an even greater challenge, | 6,140,630 |
1642899 | Rollie Massimino | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rollie%20Massimino | Rollie Massimino
kicking off with a win on #9-seed Dayton's home court, followed by victories over #1-seed Michigan, #4-seed Maryland, #2-seed North Carolina, before culminating in a Final Four victory over #2-seeded Memphis State.
After Villanova's unexpected championship run, Massimino was offered the head coaching position of the NBA's New Jersey Nets. At the last minute, he declined the offer to stay at Villanova and devote more time to his family.
After a few sub-par years, Massimino left Villanova in 1992 to assume the head coaching job at UNLV. The initial hope was that he could restore the success and credibility of the UNLV program after the basketball team's 1991–92 probation and the forced resignation | 6,140,631 |
1642899 | Rollie Massimino | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rollie%20Massimino | Rollie Massimino
of long-time coach Jerry Tarkanian. Two years later, Massimino was himself forced out when it was revealed that he and UNLV president Robert Maxson had cut a side deal to lift Massimino's salary above the figure being reported to the state of Nevada and the state commission ruled that this had violated both state ethics laws, as well as UNLV rules.
Moving on to Cleveland State University in 1996, Massimino's teams recorded a 90–113 record in his seven seasons as coach. Massimino's contract was bought out following a series of off-court issues. These included several players with drug and alcohol problems, other players arrested for serious crimes, and allegations of academic fraud.
Massimino | 6,140,632 |
1642899 | Rollie Massimino | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rollie%20Massimino | Rollie Massimino
was the head coach of the men's basketball team at Keiser University in West Palm Beach, Florida, members in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). Massimino continued his role as coach when Northwood University sold its Florida campus to Keiser University. The 2005-06 Northwood team coached by Massimino was its inaugural season in The Sun Conference. In his first four seasons with the Seahawks, Massimino led Northwood to four FSC regular season titles, four appearances in the NAIA National tournament, and the Seahawks reached the Elite Eight in 2008. Massimino and the Seahawks have received bids to the NAIA tournament in all of his eight seasons at Northwood, with the | 6,140,633 |
1642899 | Rollie Massimino | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rollie%20Massimino | Rollie Massimino
team's best finishes a place in the national semifinals in 2011 and a national runner-up finish in 2012. Through the end of the 2013-14 season, Massimino's overall record at Northwood stands at 227–48 ( winning percentage).
On November 1, 2012, Massimino returned to Rupp Arena in Lexington, Kentucky for the first time since his 1985 championship triumph, playing a preseason exhibition game against reigning NCAA Division I champions Kentucky. The game was played at the request of Massimino after indicating to Kentucky head coach John Calipari that the 2012–13 season could be his last in coaching. In a later interview, Massimino hedged somewhat, saying, "I don't know if it's my last [season]. | 6,140,634 |
1642899 | Rollie Massimino | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rollie%20Massimino | Rollie Massimino
I hope I can go another year or so." Kentucky introduced Massimino with a video montage of the final minutes of Villanova's 1985 victory.
On December 14, 2016, Massimino at 82 years old, reached coaching win number 800 when Keiser University defeated Trinity Baptist 77-47.
Fox Sports released a 2018 television documentary titled "The Maestro: The Rollie Massimino Story", written and directed by Bill Raftery, which chronicles Massimino's final season (2016–17) coaching Keiser University. Massimino coached the season, against his doctors' recommendation, while battling terminal cancer.
# Death.
Massimino was diagnosed with terminal lung cancer and brain cancer in April 2016 and given one year | 6,140,635 |
1642899 | Rollie Massimino | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rollie%20Massimino | Rollie Massimino
with terminal lung cancer and brain cancer in April 2016 and given one year to live. Coincidentally, he was at NRG Stadium in Houston in April 2016 to see Villanova win the NCAA tournament. Massimino died sixteen months later on August 30, 2017. He didn't live to see Villanova win another NCAA championship in 2018. To honor Massimino's memory, Villanova wore throwback uniforms throughout 2017-18 in the style of those the Wildcats did during their 1984-85 championship season.
# See also.
- List of college men's basketball coaches with 600 wins
- List of NCAA Division I Men's Final Four appearances by coach
# External links.
- Keiser profile
- Northwood profile
- Cleveland State profile | 6,140,636 |
1642915 | P. J. Carlesimo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P.%20J.%20Carlesimo | P. J. Carlesimo
P. J. Carlesimo
Peter John Carlesimo (born May 30, 1949) is an American basketball coach, who coached in both the National Basketball Association (NBA) and college basketball for nearly 40 years. He is also a television broadcaster, having worked with "ESPN, The NBA on TNT, Westwood One, Fox Sports Southwest, Pac-12 Network, The NBA on NBC and CSN New England".
Carlesimo served as head coach of four different NBA teams, and was named Seton Hall University's "Coach of the Century." He was an assistant coach for the United States men's Olympic basketball team ("The Dream Team") that won the gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He was also an assistant coach for the San Antonio Spurs team that | 6,140,637 |
1642915 | P. J. Carlesimo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P.%20J.%20Carlesimo | P. J. Carlesimo
won three championships between 2003 and 2007.
# Personal life.
Carlesimo is married and has two sons.
He is the son of college basketball coach and athletic director Peter A. Carlesimo.
# Early coaching stints.
Carlesimo is a 1971 graduate of Fordham University, where he played basketball under coach Digger Phelps. He began his coaching career as an assistant at the school after he graduated. He received his first head coaching job when he took over New Hampshire College (now Southern New Hampshire University) for one year, beginning in 1975. The New Hampshire Penmen ended the 1975–1976 season with a 14–13 record and won the Mayflower Conference championship. Carlesimo also had a successful | 6,140,638 |
1642915 | P. J. Carlesimo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P.%20J.%20Carlesimo | P. J. Carlesimo
coaching stint at Wagner College of Staten Island, New York, a Division I school, leading the team to two NIT berths in six years as coach from 1976 to 1982. In addition, Carlesimo spent time coaching in Puerto Rico during the summers.
# Seton Hall University coaching years.
Carlesimo coached Seton Hall University from 1982–1994, leading the turnaround of a struggling program. The Pirates made their first ever NCAA tournament in 1988, and Carlesimo was named the Big East Conference coach of the year.
In 1989, Carlesimo led the Pirates to their first-ever Final Four appearance following a 78–65 upset over the #2 seed Indiana Hoosiers coached by Bobby Knight. They advanced to the NCAA Championship | 6,140,639 |
1642915 | P. J. Carlesimo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P.%20J.%20Carlesimo | P. J. Carlesimo
game against the Michigan Wolverines, but lost in overtime 80–79. Carlesimo was again named Big East coach of the year, following the 1989 season.
During Carlesimo's tenure, the Pirates made the NCAA tournament six times, four consecutively from 1991 until 1994. After going 6–23 his first season, he turned the team into a consistent title contender and eventual tournament runner-up and number one seed. Compiling an overall record of 212–166, he was named Seton Hall's "Coach of the Century."
Carlesimo was an assistant coach under Mike Krzyzewski with the U.S. national team in the 1990 FIBA World Championship, winning the bronze medal. He also served as an assistant coach on the 1992 Olympic | 6,140,640 |
1642915 | P. J. Carlesimo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P.%20J.%20Carlesimo | P. J. Carlesimo
"Dream Team", winning the gold medal.
# NBA coaching career.
On June 23, 1994, Carlesimo was hired as head coach of the Portland Trail Blazers. Midway into his first season with the team, the team traded long-time Blazer Clyde Drexler in an effort to rebuild. However instead of falling in the standings, Carlesimo led the team to a winning record and the playoffs in his first season as an NBA head coach. He led the Blazers to the playoffs in each of his three years as their head coach, but was unable to lead the team out of the first round of the playoffs and was fired following the 1996–97 season.
In 1997, Carlesimo headed to the Golden State Warriors, again succeeding Rick Adelman as head | 6,140,641 |
1642915 | P. J. Carlesimo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P.%20J.%20Carlesimo | P. J. Carlesimo
coach (Adelman had previously coached the Trail Blazers prior to Carlesimo's hiring). He coached that team until December 1999, at which point he was fired after his team got off to a losing start for the third straight year.
In a practice during the 1997–98 season while Carlesimo was head coach of the Warriors, Carlesimo was attacked by Latrell Sprewell. Sprewell choked Carlesimo for nearly 15 seconds until being pulled off by several teammates, and elbowed him several minutes later. The Warriors terminated Sprewell's contract, and the NBA suspended him for one year (later reduced to 68 games by an arbitrator); he never played for the Warriors again and continued to have troubles on and off | 6,140,642 |
1642915 | P. J. Carlesimo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P.%20J.%20Carlesimo | P. J. Carlesimo
the court.
After leaving the Warriors, Carlesimo worked as a broadcaster and analyst with "The NBA on TNT" until being hired as an assistant coach under Gregg Popovich in 2002. He worked with the Spurs until 2007, winning three championships in five seasons (2003, 2005 and 2007).
Spurs GM Sam Presti was hired as general manager of the Seattle SuperSonics following the 2007 championship, and hired Carlesimo as their head coach on July 5, 2007. The team broke up their core of Ray Allen, Rashard Lewis, Delonte West and Wally Sczerbiak, essentially guaranteeing Carlesimo limited success for his first season. That season, their second overall pick Kevin Durant was named NBA Rookie of the Year.
The | 6,140,643 |
1642915 | P. J. Carlesimo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P.%20J.%20Carlesimo | P. J. Carlesimo
Sonics relocated to Oklahoma City a year later, where they become the Oklahoma City Thunder, making him the first coach in Thunder history. Carlesimo was fired on November 22, 2008 by the Thunder after a 1–12 start. During his time with the Sonics and Thunder, he coached the USA select basketball team that scrimmaged the national team in preparation of the 2007 FIBA tournament and 2008 Summer Olympics. The team included Kevin Durant and Jeff Green of the Thunder.
On May 31, 2010, Carlesimo had reached an agreement to join the Toronto Raptors as an assistant coach under Jay Triano. After one season with the Raptors, he was hired as an assistant coach by the New Jersey Nets (later known as the | 6,140,644 |
1642915 | P. J. Carlesimo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P.%20J.%20Carlesimo | P. J. Carlesimo
an assistant coach under Jay Triano. After one season with the Raptors, he was hired as an assistant coach by the New Jersey Nets (later known as the Brooklyn Nets).
On December 27, 2012, he was promoted to interim head coach of the Nets after the firing of Avery Johnson. Carlesimo took a team floundering at 14–14, and compiled 35–19 record for a fourth-place finish in the East, earning home-court advantage for the Nets in the first round. On May 5, 2013, Nets GM Billy King announced Carlesimo would not be retained as head coach after the team lost in their first round series against the Chicago Bulls in 7 games.
# See also.
- List of NCAA Division I Men's Final Four appearances by coach | 6,140,645 |
1642928 | Glover (video game) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glover%20(video%20game) | Glover (video game)
Glover (video game)
Glover is a 1998 platforming video game developed by Interactive Studios and published by Hasbro Interactive for the Nintendo 64 and Windows in 1998, and for the PlayStation in 1999 (branded under Hasbro Interactive's "Atari Interactive" label). The game features a magical, four-fingered glove named Glover in his quest to restore the Crystal Kingdom by retrieving crystals that were lost. The Nintendo 64 and PC versions gained mainly mixed reviews while the PlayStation version received negative reviews. A sequel titled "Glover 2" was planned but was eventually cancelled.
# Gameplay.
Players control a glove named Glover. The main objective is to maneuver the ball toward the | 6,140,646 |
1642928 | Glover (video game) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glover%20(video%20game) | Glover (video game)
goal in each stage. Once all three stages and the boss stage are cleared, a crystal ball can be restored back to the castle. There are a total of six worlds, each containing three stages, a boss stage and a bonus stage which can be accessed by collecting all the magic cards known as "Garibs" in a given world. When Glover is in contact with the ball, he can roll, bounce, throw, slap, dribble, walk on top of the ball, and use the ball as a trampoline. Without the ball, Glover can do both regular and double jumps, cartwheel, fist slam, locate the ball and garibs, and grab the ball. While walking on the ball, the controls are reversed. On the easy difficulty, walking on the ball is automatic while | 6,140,647 |
1642928 | Glover (video game) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glover%20(video%20game) | Glover (video game)
moving the ball across water. However, bonus stages are unavailable.
The ball can also be magically transformed into one of four main ball forms: rubber ball, ballbearing, bowling ball, and the ball's original crystal form. With a cheat code, the ball can be transformed into a power (high-bounce or super) ball. The rubber form gives the greatest amount of abilities for the ball. It can easily be bounced, slapped, thrown, and even float on water. The bowling ball form allows the ball to not break easily, sink in deep water, and kill enemies by slapping it. The ballbearing form gives precise control over the ball, can be used to throw and slap the ball more carefully and is also magnetic. The | 6,140,648 |
1642928 | Glover (video game) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glover%20(video%20game) | Glover (video game)
crystal form floats on water and is very fragile, but gives Glover double points for each obtained Garib. The power ball can be used to bounce to higher places, and Glover can slap and throw it farther than in any other forms. Throughout the stages, there are also plenty of magic potions that help Glover by giving him power-ups for a certain amount of time.
If the ball gets destroyed or Glover loses all three hearts, Glover loses one life and must start from the beginning of the stage or from the last checkpoint.
# Plot.
In a fictional land known as the Crystal Kingdom, a wizard rules from his large castle known as the Crystal Castle. The life force of the kingdom is made up of seven crystals | 6,140,649 |
1642928 | Glover (video game) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glover%20(video%20game) | Glover (video game)
that rest on the spires of Crystal Castle. The wizard is accompanied by a pair of magical, sentient gloves to aid him in creating strange potions and spells. One day, the wizard accidentally mixes the wrong batch of potions in his cauldron, causing a large explosion that sends his gloves flying and turns the wizard into a statue. The right glove, named Glover, flies out the window and lands safely onto the ground, while the left one lands in the cauldron, turning him into an evil glove known as "Cross-Stitch". The explosion also causes the land to become distorted and shakes the crystals from the spires, hurdling toward the ground. Glover notices the falling crystals and casts a spell to transform | 6,140,650 |
1642928 | Glover (video game) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glover%20(video%20game) | Glover (video game)
the crystals into rubber balls to prevent them from shattering. Six of the seven crystals bounce away in all directions, entering different areas of the kingdom.
Glover realizes that he must find the seven crystals and restore them to the fountain underneath the castle. He traverses from realm to realm and must protect the rubber balls at all costs. As he does, Cross-Stitch attempts to thwart him by setting traps and creating monsters. Glover, however, is able to overcome the obstacles created by Cross-Stitch with his magical skills and retrieve the crystals. The world is gradually restored to its former state as each crystal is retrieved and returned to the castle. In the end, Glover fights | 6,140,651 |
1642928 | Glover (video game) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glover%20(video%20game) | Glover (video game)
Cross-Stitch in an outer space–themed realm, and recovers the last crystal. The wizard is brought back to life and uses his magic with Glover's aid to purify Cross-Stitch, thus restoring everything to the way it was.
# Development.
"Glover" was developed by Interactive Studios and published by Hasbro Interactive. The game was originally announced at E3 1998, later it was reported that the game was 60% completed on August 1998. Two months later in October, the game was reported to be 70% completed. During late in development, it was reported that Glover would have required the character to cross water.
# Reception.
For the Nintendo 64 version, "Glover" received mixed to positive reviews by | 6,140,652 |
1642928 | Glover (video game) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glover%20(video%20game) | Glover (video game)
critics. Matt Casamassina of IGN praised the Nintendo 64 version, specifically on its gameplay and sound. They wrote that the music matched the levels "perfectly". John Broady of GameSpot recommended the game for patient players in search of a challenge. Paul Hales of PC Zone gave it a 67% stating, "It's all good, clean, harmless fun in reasonably 3D rendered landscapes." Edge magazine gave the game a 7 out of 10 stating it wasn't all that original but also stated that the game provides regular surprises that makes it an entertaining game.
"Next Generation" reviewed the Nintendo 64 version of the game, rating it three stars out of five, and stated that "with interesting level designs, a challenging | 6,140,653 |
1642928 | Glover (video game) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glover%20(video%20game) | Glover (video game)
structure for item collection, and bright, competent visuals, "Glover" does manage to provide a refreshing angle on typical platformers."
Despite positive reviews for the Nintendo 64 version, the PlayStation version was heavily panned by critics. Matt Whine of IGN gave the PlayStation version a "Terrible" 2.6. They wrote that the game "looks bad" in comparison with both the Nintendo 64 version and other PlayStation games. Miguel Lopez of GameSpot also criticizes this version, stating that "Glover, despite its interesting play mechanics, seems to have lost its soul in the port from the N64." PC Zone gave the game 56% stating, "There's no denying Glover is bizarre, but at the same its not particularly | 6,140,654 |
1642928 | Glover (video game) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glover%20(video%20game) | Glover (video game)
interesting. The standard trudge through obligatory ice world, water world and space world, flicking switches as you go, hardly constitutes as enthralling gameplay."
# Cancelled sequel.
On July 1999, Interactive Studios announced a sequel titled "Glover 2" was being developed after the first one was released. The game was set to continue where the story of the first game left off and would have a more complete story that would unravel as the game progressed. Gameplay features of "Glover 2" would have been similar to the original game with enhancements for hand/ball physics, enhanced graphics, and a new multiplayer mode. The game was expected to release in mid 1999 for the Nintendo 64, then | 6,140,655 |
1642928 | Glover (video game) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glover%20(video%20game) | Glover (video game)
PlayStation and Dreamcast the following year, but it ended up getting cancelled along with another N64 game from Interactive Studios, . On October 2011 it was reported that Nesworld.com acquired a prototype cartridge of the game and had released a rom hack and a video of the game. On February 25, 2015 James Steele, a programmer formerly of Interactive Studios, released a blog entry detailing the reasoning of the cancellation of the game. Publisher Hasbro had plans on acquiring 150,000 units of N64 cartridges for the game. At the time, Nintendo had a special deal that would give a discount when purchasing more cartridges. An employee of Hasbro in charge of ordering the cartridges bumped the amount | 6,140,656 |
1642928 | Glover (video game) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glover%20(video%20game) | Glover (video game)
to 300,000 units. Hasbro was left with approximately 150,000 units as retailers didn't want any additional stock, costing Hasbro roughly half-a-million dollars worth of stock that could not be sold. Hasbro was forced to take a hit on all of the extra cartridges it ordered and decided to cancel the project due to its financial situation along with the bad reputation the situation had caused. The game was around 80-85% completed before development ceased.
# Possible future.
In 2017, Piko Interactive, a game company focused on re-releasing old video games physically acquired several properties from Atari, SA including Glover.
# External links.
- "Glover 2" prototype information at NESWorld.com
- | 6,140,657 |
1642928 | Glover (video game) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glover%20(video%20game) | Glover (video game)
left with approximately 150,000 units as retailers didn't want any additional stock, costing Hasbro roughly half-a-million dollars worth of stock that could not be sold. Hasbro was forced to take a hit on all of the extra cartridges it ordered and decided to cancel the project due to its financial situation along with the bad reputation the situation had caused. The game was around 80-85% completed before development ceased.
# Possible future.
In 2017, Piko Interactive, a game company focused on re-releasing old video games physically acquired several properties from Atari, SA including Glover.
# External links.
- "Glover 2" prototype information at NESWorld.com
- "Glover 2" at Unseen64 | 6,140,658 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
List of early British railway companies
The following list sets out to show all the railway companies set up by Acts of Parliament in the 19th century until the late 1850s. Most of them became constituent parts of the emerging main-line railway companies, often immediately after being built. Some continued as independent companies until the 1923 Grouping; a few retained that independence until 1947. They have been listed under Scottish; and English and Welsh early railways; and under the later main line company which absorbed them.
Each of the main line companies after the Grouping has an article listing all companies who became part of, and jointly part of, individual companies. Many of those | 6,140,659 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
had been in separate existence since being set up in the 19th century, and were only in 1923 losing that individuality.
The list is by no means complete: in 1846 alone there were 272 railways agreed by Act of Parliament, although not all of those were built, since it was the time of the Railway Mania. In addition lines might be extensions to existing ones, but floated as a separate company to separate the risk, and to ring-fence subscriptions, or promoted by a company which was mostly financed by an existing company. An example is the Dore and Chinley Railway which was floated as a company and then adopted and largely financed by the Midland.
# Scottish early railways.
## Caledonian Railway | 6,140,660 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
(incorporated 1845).
- Caledonian Railway became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway on 1 July 1923 under the Railways Act 1921.
- Aberdeen Railway opened in stages between 1848 and 1853
- Brechin and Edzell District Railway
- Cathcart District Railway
- Crieff and Comrie Railway authorised 1890
- Crieff and Methven Junction Railway opened 1867
- Crieff Junction Railway opened 1856
- Dunblane, Doune and Callander Railway incorporated in 1846
- Dundee and Newtyle Railway opened 1841 (incorporated in Scottish Central Railway)
- Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway opened 12 August 1840.
- Glasgow Central Railway; opened 26 November 1894
- Glasgow, Garnkirk and Coatbridge | 6,140,661 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
Railway opened 1831 as the Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway
- Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway opened 29 March 1840; merged with the Caledonian Railway 1847
- Hamilton and Strathaven Railway opened 6 August 1860; taken over by the Caledonian Railway 1864
- Lanarkshire and Dunbartonshire Railway authorised in 1891
- Lochearnhead, St Fillans and Comrie Railway opened Comrie to St Fillans 1 October 1901; opened to Balqhidder 1 May 1905
- Perth, Almond Valley & Methven Railway opened 1858
- Scottish Central Railway (to Perth and Dundee), formed in 1845
- Scottish North Eastern Railway (to Aberdeen)
- Wishaw and Coltness Railway
Independent Lines operated by the Caledonian Railway
## Glasgow | 6,140,662 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
and South Western Railway (title assumed 1850).
- Glasgow and South Western Railway became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway on 1 January 1923 under the Railways Act 1921.
- Ardrossan and Johnstone Railway opened 6 November 1831; became the dual-tracked Ardrossan Railway on 23 July 1840
- Bridge of Weir Railway opened 1864
- Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway opened 12 August 1840.
- Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway opened 12 August 1840
- Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway opened 29 September 1848
- Greenock and Ayrshire Railway opened 23 December 1869
- Kilmarnock and Troon Railway: First railway in Scotland authorised by Act of Parliament, opened | 6,140,663 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
6 July 1812; originally worked by horses, converted to steam operation in 1817
- Maidens and Dunure Railway opened 17 May 1906
- Paisley and Renfrew Railway opened 21 July 1835; Scotch gauge railway originally locomotive hauled, then down graded to horse operation. Reopened as dual track, standard gauge, line 1 May 1866.
## Great North of Scotland Railway (incorporated 1846).
- Great North of Scotland Railway became part of the London and North Eastern Railway on 1 January 1923 under the Railways Act 1921.
- Aberdeen and Turriff Railway
- Alford Valley Railway built 1859
- Banffshire Railway
- Banff, Macduff and Turriff Extension Railway
- Banff, Portsoy and Strathisla Railway
- Deeside | 6,140,664 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
Railway
- Deeside Extension Railway
- Formartine and Buchan Railway
- Inverury and Old Meldrum Junction Railway
- Keith and Dufftown Railway
- Morayshire Railway opened 10 August 1852
- Strathspey Railway
## Highland Railway (title assumed 1865).
- Highland Railway became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway on 1 January 1923 under the Railways Act 1921.
- Dingwall and Skye Railway opened 19 August 1870
- Duke of Sutherland's Railway opened 19 June 1871
- Findhorn Railway opened 18 April 1859
- Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway opened 18 August 1858
- Inverness and Nairn Railway (INR) opened 5 November 1855
- Inverness and Perth Junction Railway opened 9 September | 6,140,665 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
1863
- Inverness and Ross-shire Railway opened 23 March 1863
- Nairn and Keith Railway opened 1858 amalgamated with INR 1861
- Perth and Dunkeld Railway opened 7 April 1856
- Sutherland Railway opened 13 April 1868
- Sutherland and Caithness Railway opened 28 July 1874
- Wick and Lybster Railway
## North British Railway (incorporated 1844).
- North British Railway became part of the London and North Eastern Railway on 1 January 1923 under the Railways Act 1921.
- Ballochney Railway opened 8 August 1828
- Dundee and Arbroath Railway
- Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway opened 1831
- Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway opened 28 July 1863
- Edinburgh Suburban and Southside Junction Railway
- | 6,140,666 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
Glasgow, Yoker and Clydebank Railway authorised in 1878
- Invergarry and Fort Augustus Railway opened 1901
- Kincardine Line open to Kincardine in 1893, and on to Dunfermline in 1906
- Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway first public steam railway in Scotland opened 1826
- Newburgh and North Fife Railway
- Slamannan Railway opened 31 August 1840
- Stirling and Dunfermline Railway opened progressively between 1850 and 1853
- West Highland Railway opened 7 August 1894 with an extension to Mallaig opened 1901.
# English and Welsh early railways.
This list of lines in England and Wales is ordered roughly by region, with the exception
of the GWR which was a very large company even pre-1900.
## | 6,140,667 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
East.
- Great Eastern Railway
- Eastern Counties Railway (ECR) opened 20 June 1839; original 5 ft gauge converted to standard in 1845, absorbed into GER Aug 1862
- Eastern Union Railway, incorporated 1844, opened 1846, absorbed 1847.
- Eastern Union and Hadleigh Junction Railway
- Ipswich and Bury St Edmunds Railway
- Colchester, Stour Valley, Sudbury and Halstead Railway, incorporated 1846, opened 1848
- East Anglia Railway. absorbed into Eastern Counties Railway, Jan 1852
- Saffron Walden Railway incorporated 1861, sponsored by ECR.
- Northern and Eastern Railway incorporated 1836 gauge conversion as with ECR
- London and Blackwall Railway, opened 1840, extended to Tilbury with ECR | 6,140,668 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
1854 (authorised 1852 as London, Tilbury and Southend Railway (LT&SR)), absorbed by GER 1866. Started with non-standard gauge, converted 1849.
- Ely, Haddenham and Sutton Railway (later Ely and St Ives Railway), authorised 1864, opened 1866, leased by ECR since opening, absorbed by GER 1897
- Norfolk Railway
- Colne Valley and Halstead Railway, incorporated 1856
- Harwich Railway
- East Anglian Railways (the plural is correct!) formed by merger in 1847. Bankrupt in 1851, it was operated by arrangement by ECR until the takeover by GER.
- Lynn and Dereham Railway
- Lynn and Ely Railway
- Ely and Huntingdon Railway
- East Suffolk Railway (re-incorporation of the "Halesworth, Beccles and | 6,140,669 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
Hadiscoe Railway" in 1854), absorbed by ECR 1859
- Yarmouth and Haddiscoe Railway absorbed 1858
- Lowestoft and Beccles Railway absorbed 1858
- Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway incorporated 1893
## Great Western Railway.
- Great Western Railway incorporated 1835, opened London to Maidenhead Bridge 4 June 1838, completed throughout to Bristol 30 June 1841
- Hayle Railway opened 23 December 1837, closed for rebuilding 16 February 1852, reopened by West Cornwall Railway
- Cheltenham and Great Western Union Railway opened Swindon to Cirencester 31 May 1841, opened throughout to Cheltenham 13 October 1847
- Bristol and Exeter Railway opened to Bridgwater 14 June 1841, completed in | 6,140,670 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
stages to Exeter 1 May 1844, amalgamated with GWR 1 January 1876
- Cornwall Minerals Railway opened 1 June 1874 replacing and connecting several earlier railways and tramways. Amalgamated with GWR 1 July 1896
- Par Tramway, construction started c.1841, completed north of Pontsmill 1847, extended to Par Harbour 1855
- Newquay Railway authorised by Act of Parliament 1844, completed 1849
- Lostwithiel and Fowey Railway opened 1 June 1869, closed 1 January 1880, transferred to CMR 27 June 1893 and reopened 1893
- Newquay and Cornwall Junction Railway opened 1 July 1869, transferred to CMR 1 June 1874
- Liskeard and Caradon Railway opened 28 November 1844, vested in GWR 1 July 1909
- Shrewsbury | 6,140,671 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
and Chester Railway opened 4 November 1846, amalgamated with GWR 1 September 1854
- South Devon Railway opened 30 May 1846, completed in stages to Plymouth 2 April 1849, amalgamated with GWR 1 February 1876
- Torquay branch opened 18 December 1848
- South Devon and Tavistock Railway opened 22 June 1859
- Dartmouth and Torbay Railway completed 16 August 1864
- Launceston and South Devon Railway opened 22 June 1865
- Moretonhampstead and South Devon Railway opened 4 July 1866
- Buckfastleigh, Totnes and South Devon Railway opened 1 May 1872
- Berks and Hants Railway opened Reading to Hungerford 21 December 1847 and Reading to Basingstoke 1 November 1848; Berks and Hants Extension Hungerford | 6,140,672 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
to Devizes opened 11 November 1862
- Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth Railway, opened Chippenham to Westbury 5 September 1848; completed in stages to Weymouth 20 January 1857
- Shrewsbury and Birmingham Railway opened 1 June 1849, amalgamated with GWR 1 September 1854
- South Wales Railway opened Chepstow to Landore 18 June 1850, Chepstow Bridge opened 19 June 1862, amalgamated with GWR 1 January 1862
- Gloucester and Dean Forest Railway opened 19 September 1851
- Vale of Neath Railway opened 24 September 1851, amalgamated into GWR 1 February 1865
- West Cornwall Railway opened 11 March 1852 including previous Hayle Railway, transferred to GWR 1 January 1868
- Hereford, Ross and Gloucester | 6,140,673 |
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Railway opened 11 July 1853
- Wycombe Railway opened 1 August 1854
- Abingdon Railway opened 2 June 1856
- Bridport Railway opened 12 November 1857, bought by GWR 1 July 1901, closed 5 May 1975
- Liskeard and Looe Railway, railway opened 11 May 1858, vested in GWR 1 January 1923
- East Somerset Railway first stage opened 9 November 1858, completed 1 March 1862
- Great Western and Brentford Railway opened 18 July 1858
- Cornwall Railway opened to Truro 4 May 1859, extended to Falmouth 21 August 1863, amalgamated with GWR 1 July 1889
- West Midland Railway formed 1 July 1860, amalgamated with GWR 1 August 1863
- Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway opened at Worcester 5 October | 6,140,674 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
1850, completed from Wolverhampton to Oxford in stages by April 1854
- Newport, Abergavenny and Hereford Railway opened 2 January 1851
- Worcester and Hereford Railway opened 25 July 1859
- Severn Valley Railway opened 1 February 1862
- Ely Valley Railway opened 1 August 1860
## Midlands.
- Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (became Great Central Railway 1897)
- Great Central Railway incorporated 1897
- Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway: formed by an amalgamation of:
- Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway
- Sheffield and Lincolnshire Junction Railway
- Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway
- including Grimsby Docks Company.
- South | 6,140,675 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
Yorkshire Railway opened 9 September 1854, merged with GCR 1 August 1864
- Including southern part of Sheffield, Rotherham, Barnsley, Wakefield, Huddersfield and Goole Railway Company
- Wigan Junction Railway
- Wrexham, Mold and Connah's Quay Railway
- North Wales and Liverpool Railway
- Liverpool, St Helens and South Lancashire Railway
- Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway acquired in 1907
- Midland Railway: formed 1844 by amalgamation:
- North Midland Railway
- Midland Counties Railway
- Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway
Later acquired:
- Leicester and Swannington Railway opened 14 July 1832
- Sheffield and Rotherham Railway 1838
- Birmingham and Gloucester Railway | 6,140,676 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
opened 17 December 1840
- "Little" North Western Railway (Skipton – Lancaster) opened 1 June 1850
- Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midlands Junction Railway ()
- North Staffordshire Railway incorporated in 1845 to promote three railway schemes. Three Acts of Parliament on 26 June 1846 were given to the one company. Main line opened in 1848. Further Acts were all granted to the NSR Co. which remained independent until the 1923 Grouping.
## North.
- Maryport and Carlisle Railway (first section) opened 1845. Remained independent until the 1923 Grouping
- Furness Railway (Furness) (first section) opened 11 August 1846
- Ulverston and Lancaster Railway opened 1857 amalgamated with Furness | 6,140,677 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
in 1862
- Great Northern Railway incorporated 1846
- Edgware, Highgate and London Railway incorporated 1862
- London and York Railway
- Direct Northern Railway
- North Eastern Railway (NER) incorporated 1854
- York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway was York and Newcastle Railway (1846–1847) and Newcastle and Darlington Junction Railway (1842–1846)
- Durham Junction Railway incorporated 1834, amalgamated with N&DJR in 1844
- Brandling Junction Railway incorporated 1836, amalgamated with N&DJR in 1845
- Durham and Sunderland Railway incorporated 1834, amalgamated with N&DJR in 1846
- Pontop and South Shields Railway incorporated 1842, amalgamated with N&DJR in 1846
- Stanhope and Tyne | 6,140,678 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
Railway incorporated 1834, amalgamated with P&SSR in 1842
- Newcastle and Berwick Railway incorporated 1845, amalgamated with Y&NR in 1847
- Newcastle and North Shields Railway incorporated 1836, amalgamated with N&BR in 1845
- Great North of England Railway incorporated 1836, amalgamated with YN&BR in 1850
- York and North Midland Railway incorporated 1836
- Leeds and Selby Railway incorporated 1830, amalgamated with Y&NMR in 1844
- Whitby and Pickering Railway incorporated 1833, amalgamated with Y&NMR in 1845
- East and West Yorkshire Junction Railway incorporated 1846, amalgamated with Y&NMR in 1852
- Leeds Northern Railway was Leeds and Thirsk Railway (1845–1849)
- Malton and Driffield | 6,140,679 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
Railway incorporated 1846
- Deerness Valley Railway incorporated 1855, amalgamated with NER in 1857
- Hartlepool Dock and Railway incorporated 1832, amalgamated with NER in 1857
- North Yorkshire and Cleveland Railway incorporated 1854, amalgamated with NER in 1858
- Bedale and Leyburn Railway incorporated 1853, amalgamated with NER in 1859
- Hull and Holderness Railway incorporated 1853, amalgamated with NER in 1862
- Newcastle and Carlisle Railway incorporated 1829, amalgamated with NER in 1862
- Blaydon, Gateshead and Hebburn Railway incorporated 1834, amalgamated with N&CR in 1839
- Stockton and Darlington Railway incorporated 1821, amalgamated with NER in 1863
- Darlington and | 6,140,680 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
Barnard Castle Railway incorporated 1854, amalgamated with S&DR in 1858
- Middlesbrough and Guisborough Railway incorporated 1852, amalgamated with S&DR in 1858
- Middlesbrough and Redcar Railway incorporated 1845, amalgamated with S&DR in 1858
- Wear Valley Railway incorporated 1845, amalgamated with S&DR in 1858
- Bishop Auckland and Weardale Railway incorporated 1837, amalgamated with WVR in 1847
- Eden Valley Railway incorporated 1858, amalgamated with S&DR in 1862
- Frosterley and Stanhope Railway incorporated 1861, amalgamated with S&DR in 1862
- South Durham and Lancashire Union Railway incorporated 1857, amalgamated with S&DR in 1862
- Cleveland Railway incorporated 1858, amalgamated | 6,140,681 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
with NER in 1865
- West Hartlepool Harbour and Railway incorporated 1852, amalgamated with NER in 1865
- Clarence Railway incorporated 1828, amalgamated with WHH&R in 1853
- Stockton and Hartlepool Railway incorporated 1839, amalgamated with WHH&R in 1853
- Hull and Hornsea Railway incorporated 1862, amalgamated with NER in 1866
- West Durham Railway incorporated 1839, amalgamated with NER in 1870
- Hull and Selby Railway incorporated 1836, amalgamated with NER in 1872
- Blyth and Tyne Railway incorporated 1852, amalgamated with NER in 1874
- Hexham and Allendale Railway incorporated 1865, amalgamated with NER in 1876
- Leeds, Castleford and Pontefract Junction Railway incorporated | 6,140,682 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
1873, amalgamated with NER in 1876
- Tees Valley Railway incorporated 1865, amalgamated with NER in 1882
- Hylton, Southwick and Monkwearmouth Railway incorporated 1871, amalgamated with NER in 1883
- Scotswood, Newburn and Wylam Railway incorporated 1871, amalgamated with NER in 1883
- Whitby, Redcar and Middlesbrough Union Railway incorporated 1866, amalgamated with NER in 1889
- Wear Valley Extension Railway incorporated 1892, amalgamated with NER in 1893
- Scarborough & Whitby Railway incorporated 1871, amalgamated with NER in 1898
- Cawood, Wistow and Selby Light Railway incorporated 1896, amalgamated with NER in 1900
- Scarborough, Bridlington and West Riding Junction Railway incorporated | 6,140,683 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
1885, amalgamated with NER in 1914
- Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway incorporated 1847. In 1846 the Liverpool and Bury Railway was amalgamated with the Manchester and Leeds Railway, which became known as The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in 1847
- Manchester and Leeds Railway incorporated 1836
- Manchester and Bolton Railway opened 1838
- Ashton, Stalybridge and Liverpool Junction Railway 1844
- Liverpool and Bury Railway 1845
- East Lancashire Railway opened 1846: a section of this line is now a heritage railway
- Wakefield, Pontefract and Goole Railway opened 1848
- Liverpool, Crosby and Southport Railway opened 1848
- London and North Western Railway (LNWR) formed by amalgamation | 6,140,684 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
in 1846, there were 45 formerly independent railways within the LNWR, including:
- Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened 15 September 1830
- London and Birmingham Railway (first section) opened 20 July 1837; opened throughout 17 September 1838
- Grand Junction Railway opened 1837
- Chester and Crewe Railway opened 1846
- Chester and Holyhead Railway opened 1848 to Bangor 1850 to Holyhead
- Manchester and Birmingham Railway
- Lancaster and Carlisle Railway
- Cromford and High Peak Railway
- Kendal and Windermere Railway
- Watford and Rickmansworth Railway opened 1 October 1862 closed 1998 possible reopening (see Watford tube station)
## South.
- Isle of Wight Central Railway incorporated | 6,140,685 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
1887, amalgamation of several smaller railways including:
- Cowes and Newport Railway incorporated 1859
- Ryde & Newport Railway opened 1875
- Isle of Wight (Newport Junction) Railway completed 1879
- London Brighton and South Coast Railway amalgamation of five railways August 1846:
- London and Croydon Railway incorporated 1835 opened 1839
- London and Brighton Railway incorporated 1837 opened 21 September 1841
- Croydon and Epsom Railway incorporated 1844.
- Brighton and Chichester Railway incorporated 1844.
- Brighton Lewes and Hastings Railway incorporated 1844.
- West End of London and Crystal Palace Railway opened 1856-8.
- Victoria Station and Pimlico Railway incorporated 1858.
- | 6,140,686 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
London, Chatham and Dover Railway
- East Kent Railway incorporated 1853
- Victoria Station and Pimlico Railway incorporated 1858.
- Mid-Kent Railway incorporated 1855.
- London and South Western Railway (LSWR)
- London and Southampton Railway opened (first section) 21 May 1838; renamed LSWR 1838
- Bodmin and Wadebridge Railway opened 23 May 1832, sold to LSWR autumn 1846 but not legally vested in that company until 1 July 1886
- Richmond Railway opened 27 July 1846
- Windsor, Staines and South Western Railway opened 1848/1849
- Southampton and Dorchester Railway opened 1 June 1847; extended to Weymouth 20 June 1857
- Staines, Wokingham and Woking Junction Railway opened 1856
- Andover | 6,140,687 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
and Redbridge Railway opened 6 March 1865, closed 1967
- Lymington Railway opened 12 July 1858, closed 1967
- London, Tilbury and Southend Railway incorporated 1862 amalgamated with Midland Railway 1912
- London and Blackwall Railway
- Metropolitan Railway (MetR)
- North Metropolitan Railway incorporated 1853; became MetrR 1854. Other sections followed in 1860–70
- Midland and South Western Junction Railway: formed in 1884 by amalgamation of
- Swindon, Marlborough and Andover Railway incorporated 1873
- Swindon and Cheltenham Extension Railway incorporated 1881
- North London Railway incorporated 1846 original name:
- East and West India Docks and Birmingham Junction Railway
- Pentewan | 6,140,688 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
Railway The railway from St Austell was complete by 22 June 1829 but not incorporated until 20 February 1873 as the Pentewan Railway and Harbour Company Limited. An Act of Parliament on 7 August 1874 authorised the use of locomotives. It was closed from 4 March 1918.
- Redruth and Chasewater Railway This was opened on 30 January 1826 and was locomotive worked from 1 December 1864. It was closed from 27 September 1915.
- Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (S&DJR). An amalgamation of the:
- Somerset Central Railway, first section opened on 1 November 1860, and
- Dorset Central Railway, first section opened on 28 August 1854.
- The S&D Joint Railway was jointly operated by the Midland Railway | 6,140,689 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
and the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR). After the 1 January 1923 Grouping, joint ownership of the S&DJR passed to the LMS and the Southern Railway.
- South Eastern Railway incorporated 1836
- London and Greenwich Railway
- Canterbury and Whitstable Railway
- Mid-Kent Railway incorporated 1855.
- Reading, Guildford and Reigate Railway
- Surrey Iron Railway(SIR) opened 1804 (4 ft gauge):
- Croydon Merstham and Godstone Railway – extension of SIR
- West Somerset Mineral Railway incorporated 1855 to carry iron ore; passenger service from 1865; closed to all traffic 1898 see article here
## Wales.
- Cambrian Railways incorporated between 1864 and 1904
- Oswestry and Newtown Railway | 6,140,690 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
30 miles: incorporated 6 June 1855; opened 1860-1
- Llanidloes and Newtown Railway miles: 4 August 1853; 1859. Until 1861 this section of the line was completely isolated
- Newtown and Machynlleth Railway 23 miles: 27 July 1857; 1863
- Oswestry, Ellesmere and Whitchurch Railway 18 miles: 1 August 1861; 1863-4
- Aberystwyth and Welsh Coast Railway 86 miles: 26 July 1861; 1863–69
- Mid Wales Railway miles: 1 August 1859; 1 September 1864. This Railway maintained complete independence from the Cambrian until 1 January 1888, when the latter took over working the line; and on 1 July 1904 when the two Railways amalgamated.
- and several railways opened in the 1860s
- Festiniog Railway incorporated | 6,140,691 |
1642935 | List of early British railway companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20early%20British%20railway%20companies | List of early British railway companies
- and several railways opened in the 1860s
- Festiniog Railway incorporated 23 May 1832 ( gauge) miles opened 1836 to carry dressed slate from Blaenau Ffestiniog to Porthmadog for export by sea, carried passengers from 1865. Still independent and since 1954 a leading heritage railway.
- Llanelly Railway and Dock Company incorporated 1828
- Rhymney Railway incorporated 1854
- Taff Vale Railway (TVR) incorporated 1836. Among the eight railways amalgamated with the TVR is one early railway:
- Aberdare Railway opened 1846
# See also.
- History of rail transport in Great Britain
- History of rail transport in Great Britain to 1830
- History of rail transport in Great Britain 1830 - 1922 | 6,140,692 |
1642934 | International Korfball Federation | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International%20Korfball%20Federation | International Korfball Federation
International Korfball Federation
The International Korfball Federation (IKF) is the governing body of korfball. IKF is responsible for the organisation of korfball's major international tournaments, notably the IKF World Korfball Championship.
The IKF was founded on 11 June 1933 in Antwerp, Belgium as a continuation of the International Korfball Bureau established in 1924 by the Dutch and Belgian Associations. The headquarters is in Zeist (Netherlands). The IKF is officially recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1993 and is affiliated to SportAccord, the Association of the IOC Recognized International Sports Federations (ARISF) and the International World Games Association | 6,140,693 |
1642934 | International Korfball Federation | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International%20Korfball%20Federation | International Korfball Federation
(IWGA).
The IKF aims to spread korfball around the globe and increase the level of play in the affiliated countries. The IKF has currently 67 member countries. It provides the affiliated countries via five Continental Confederations (Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania) with financial, material and structural support to achieve the goals. It has established a network of contacts in many countries and is constantly expanding this network. IKF actively promotes the game by transferring knowledge internationally by exchange programs and inviting selected korfball players, coaches and administrators to its training courses in order to assist in the creation of a stable local organization | 6,140,694 |
1642934 | International Korfball Federation | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International%20Korfball%20Federation | International Korfball Federation
and structure in all the affiliated countries.
# Structure.
The IKF has 69 members at the moment. They are divided over five continental confederations for Europe, Asia, Americas, Africa and Oceanian. In 2018 the latest member to join was Thailand.
# Presidents.
The IKF has had six presidents until now. All six have been from the Netherlands.
# Council.
The Council of the IKF consists of a President, a Secretary General, a Senior Vice-President, three other members of the Executive Committee and up to five Continental Vice-Presidents.
# IKF structured tournaments.
## National team tournaments.
- IKF World Korfball Championship
- IKF European Korfball Championship
- IKF Pan American | 6,140,695 |
1642934 | International Korfball Federation | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International%20Korfball%20Federation | International Korfball Federation
d Korfball Championship
- IKF European Korfball Championship
- IKF Pan American Korfball Championship
- IKF Asian Oceanian Korfball Championship
- IKF African Korfball Championship
- World Games
## Club tournaments.
- IKF Europa Korfball Cup
- IKF Europa Korfball Shield
## National youth team tournaments.
- IKF U23 World Korfball Championship
- IKF U23 Pan American Korfball Championship
- IKF U23 Asian Oceanian Korfball Championship
- IKF U21 World Korfball Championship
- IKF U21 European Korfball Championship
- IKF U19 Korfball World Cup
- IKF U17 Korfball World Cup
## University tournaments.
- IKF University World Korfball Cup
- IKF University Asian Korfball Championship | 6,140,696 |
1642945 | Mike Dunleavy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mike%20Dunleavy | Mike Dunleavy
Mike Dunleavy
Mike Dunleavy is the name of:
- Mike Dunleavy Sr. (born 1954), former NBA coach and former NBA player
- Mike Dunleavy Jr. (born 1980), NBA forward and former Duke Blue Devil; son of Mike Dunleavy Sr.
- Mike Dunleavy (politician) (born 1961), American politician, current Governor of Alaska
# See also.
- Donlevy | 6,140,697 |
1642943 | Appendage | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appendage | Appendage
Appendage
In invertebrate biology, an appendage (or outgrowth) is an external body part, or natural prolongation, that protrudes from an organism's body (in vertebrate biology, an example would be a vertebrate's limbs). An appendage is any of the homologous body parts that may extend from a body segment. These include antennae, mouthparts (including mandibles, maxillae and maxillipeds), gills, walking legs (pereiopods), swimming legs (pleopods), sexual organs (gonopods), and parts of the tail (uropods). Typically, each body segment carries one pair of appendages.
An appendage which is modified to assist in feeding is known as a maxilliped or gnathopod.
Appendages may become "uniramous", as | 6,140,698 |
1642943 | Appendage | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appendage | Appendage
to assist in feeding is known as a maxilliped or gnathopod.
Appendages may become "uniramous", as in insects and centipedes, where each appendage comprises a single series of segments, or it may be "biramous", as in many crustaceans, where each appendage branches into two sections. "Triramous" (branching into three) appendages are also possible.
All arthropod appendages are variations of the same basic structure ("homologous"), and which structure is produced is controlled by "homeobox" genes. Changes to these genes have allowed scientists to produce animals (chiefly "Drosophila melanogaster") with modified appendages, such as legs instead of antennae.
# See also.
- Appendicular skeleton | 6,140,699 |
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