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1643154 | Fundus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fundus | Fundus
Fundus
Fundus (Latin for "bottom") is an anatomical term referring to that part of a concavity in any organ, which is at the far end from its opening. It may refer to:
# Anatomy.
- Fundus (brain), the deepest part of any sulcus of the cerebral cortex
- Fundus (eye), the interior surface of the eye, opposite the lens, and including the retina, optic disc, macula and fovea, and posterior pole
- Fundus camera, equipment for photographing the interior of the eye
- Fundus photography
- Fundus (stomach), the portion of the stomach which bulges up past the point of entry of the esophagus
- Fundus (uterus), the top portion, opposite from the cervix
- Fundus of gallbladder, the portion of the | 6,141,100 |
1643154 | Fundus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fundus | Fundus
tomy.
- Fundus (brain), the deepest part of any sulcus of the cerebral cortex
- Fundus (eye), the interior surface of the eye, opposite the lens, and including the retina, optic disc, macula and fovea, and posterior pole
- Fundus camera, equipment for photographing the interior of the eye
- Fundus photography
- Fundus (stomach), the portion of the stomach which bulges up past the point of entry of the esophagus
- Fundus (uterus), the top portion, opposite from the cervix
- Fundus of gallbladder, the portion of the gallbladder which lies the farthest from the cystic duct
- Fundus of the urinary bladder
# Other uses.
- Fundus (seabed), the seabed in a tidal river below low water mark | 6,141,101 |
1643148 | Bishop of Chur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bishop%20of%20Chur | Bishop of Chur
Bishop of Chur
The Bishop of Chur (German: "Bischof von Chur") is the ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur, Grisons, Switzerland (Latin: "Dioecesis Curiensis").
# History.
A Bishop of Chur is first mentioned in 451/452 when Asinius attended the Synod of Milan, but probably existed a century earlier. According to local tradition, the first Bishop of Chur was St. Lucius, a reputed King of Britain, who is said to have died a martyr at Chur about the year 176, and whose relics are preserved in the cathedral. In the 7th century the bishopric acquired several territories south to the Lake of Constance. The see was at first suffragan to the archbishop of Milan, but after the treaty of Verdun | 6,141,102 |
1643148 | Bishop of Chur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bishop%20of%20Chur | Bishop of Chur
(843) it became suffragan to Mainz. In 958 Holy Roman Emperor Otto I gave the bishopric to his vassal Hartpert with numerous privileges including control over the Septimer Pass, at the time the main pass through the central Alps. These concessions strengthened the bishopric's temporal power and later it became a princedom within the Holy Roman Empire.
At the time of the Hohenstaufen emperors in the 12th to early 13th centuries, some bishops of Chur were appointed by the emperor, which for a period led to existence of two bishops at the same time, the other being appointed by the pope. In the 14th century bishop Siegfried von Gelnhausen acquired the imperial diocese of Chur from the Barons Von | 6,141,103 |
1643148 | Bishop of Chur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bishop%20of%20Chur | Bishop of Chur
of the Hohenstaufen emperors in the 12th to early 13th centuries, some bishops of Chur were appointed by the emperor, which for a period led to existence of two bishops at the same time, the other being appointed by the pope. In the 14th century bishop Siegfried von Gelnhausen acquired the imperial diocese of Chur from the Barons Von Vaz and represented emperor Henry VII in Italy.
In 1803 the see became immediately subject to the Holy See. Until 1997, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vaduz had been part of the diocese of Chur. As of May 20, 2019, the position of is vacant, though Pierre Bürcher runs the Diocese as apostolic administrator.
# External links.
- Official website (in German) | 6,141,104 |
1643164 | Don Huonot | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don%20Huonot | Don Huonot
Don Huonot
Don Huonot was one of the most popular Finnish rock bands in Finland in the 1990s. They had many radio hits and their live sessions were known as being very emotional and energetic experiences.
After 10 years and 7 albums, the band broke up. Their music, however, is still played on Finnish radio stations.
# Discography.
- Albums
- "Silmänkääntötemppu" (1991)
- "Kameleontti" (1993)
- "Verta, pornoa ja propagandaa" (1994)
- "Kaksoisolento" (1995)
- "Hyvää yötä ja huomenta" (1997)
- "Tähti" (1999)
- "Don Huonot" (2002)
- Compilations
- "Nämä päivät, nämä yöt" (1996)
- "Kultaiset Apinat" (2000)
- "Olimme Kuin Veljet" (2003)
- "D on huono T" (2008)
- EPs
- "Mutanttikameleontti" | 6,141,105 |
1643164 | Don Huonot | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don%20Huonot | Don Huonot
(1993
- "Sirkuksessa (Don Huonot & Sub-Urban Tribe)" (1996)
- "Torremolinos 2000 (Apulanta & Don Huonot)" (1999)
- "Paha Kesä" (2003)
- Singles
- "Lentohiekkaa" (2002)
- "Pyhimys" (2002)
- "Merirosvoradio" (2002)
- "Sydänpuu" (2002)
- "Berliini" (2001)
- "Suojelusenkeli" (1999)
- "Tuulee" (1999)
- "Kannibaali" (1999)
- "Tule sellaisena kuin olet" (1999)
- "Piikkilankaa (2cds)" (1998)
- "Viiden tähden sekopää " (1997)
- "Hyvää yötä ja huomenta" (1997)
- "Riidankylväjä" (1997)
- "Öinen salaisuus" (1996)
- "Seireeni" (1996)
- "Jotkut päivät lentää selällään" (1995)
- "Aurinkotanssi" (1995)
- "Verta, pornoa & propagandaa" (1994)
- "Kissaihmiset" (1994)
- "Kauas pois" (1994)
- | 6,141,106 |
1643164 | Don Huonot | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don%20Huonot | Don Huonot
- "Piikkilankaa (2cds)" (1998)
- "Viiden tähden sekopää " (1997)
- "Hyvää yötä ja huomenta" (1997)
- "Riidankylväjä" (1997)
- "Öinen salaisuus" (1996)
- "Seireeni" (1996)
- "Jotkut päivät lentää selällään" (1995)
- "Aurinkotanssi" (1995)
- "Verta, pornoa & propagandaa" (1994)
- "Kissaihmiset" (1994)
- "Kauas pois" (1994)
- "Kapteeni koulukammo (7" and CDs)" (1992)
- "Hyrrä (7" and CDs)" (1992)
- "Manimania (7")" (1991)
- "Pieniä sieviä sieniä (7")" (1991)
- "Aavaa preeriaa (7")" (1990)
# Members.
- Kalle Ahola (vocals)
- Kie von Hertzen (guitar)
- Jukka Puurula (bass guitar)
- Antti Lehtinen (drums)
Former members:
- Joonas Pirttilä (guitar)
- Jussi Chydenius (drums) | 6,141,107 |
1643156 | Christian Liberal Party of Ukraine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christian%20Liberal%20Party%20of%20Ukraine | Christian Liberal Party of Ukraine
Christian Liberal Party of Ukraine
Christian Liberal party of Ukraine is a political party in Ukraine. The party says that it is guided by the values of Christianity and the principles of Western European democracy: parliamentarism, the market economy, free labour and powerful social programs. The party is led by the former Mayor of Kiev, Leonid Chernovetskyi.
In 2006 the party participated in national elections as part of the Block of People's Democratic Parties. At the Kiev City Council election, 2008 the party was part of the Leonid Chernovetskyi Bloc alliance. It has never competed in national elections. The party planned to compete in the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election also as a | 6,141,108 |
1643156 | Christian Liberal Party of Ukraine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christian%20Liberal%20Party%20of%20Ukraine | Christian Liberal Party of Ukraine
ams. The party is led by the former Mayor of Kiev, Leonid Chernovetskyi.
In 2006 the party participated in national elections as part of the Block of People's Democratic Parties. At the Kiev City Council election, 2008 the party was part of the Leonid Chernovetskyi Bloc alliance. It has never competed in national elections. The party planned to compete in the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election also as a member of the Leonid Chernovetskyi Bloc, but this alliance disbanded itself in the Kiev City Council on September 22, 2011.
# See also.
- Politics of Ukraine
- List of national leaders
# External links.
- Christian Liberal Party of Ukraine official site
- Information about the party | 6,141,109 |
1643176 | Curtin University bus station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Curtin%20University%20bus%20station | Curtin University bus station
Curtin University bus station
Curtin University bus station is a Transperth bus station located at Curtin University's Bentley campus. It has eight stands and is served by 11 Transperth routes operated by Path Transit and Swan Transit.
# History.
Curtin University bus station opened on 17 November 1999. | 6,141,110 |
1643175 | Mititei | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mititei | Mititei
Mititei
Mititei or Mici (both romanian words meaning "little ones" / "small ones") is a dish from Romanian cuisine, consisting of grilled ground meat rolls in cylindrical shape made from a mixture of beef, lamb and pork with spices, such as garlic, black pepper, thyme, coriander, anise, savory, and sometimes a touch of paprika. Sodium bicarbonate and broth or water are also added to the mixture. It is similar to ćevapi and other ground meat based dishes throughout the Balkans and Middle East.
It is often served with french fries, mustard and "murături" (green pickled vegetables).
# See also.
- Ćevapi, a Bosnian and Serbian dish
- Chiftele
- Pârjoale
- Kebapcheta
- Kofta | 6,141,111 |
1643145 | Cribriform plate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cribriform%20plate | Cribriform plate
Cribriform plate
In human anatomy, the cribriform plate (horizontal lamina or lamina cribrosa) of the ethmoid bone is received into the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone and roofs in the nasal cavities.
The cribriform plate is narrow with deep grooves supporting the olfactory bulb, and is perforated by olfactory foramina allowing the passage of the olfactory nerves. The foramina in the middle of the groove are small and allows the passing of the nerves to the roof of the nasal cavity. The foramina at the medial part of the groove allow the passage of the nerves to the upper part of the nasal septum while the foramina at the lateral part transmit the nerves to the superior nasal concha.
A | 6,141,112 |
1643145 | Cribriform plate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cribriform%20plate | Cribriform plate
fractured cribriform plate can result in olfactory dysfunction, septal hematoma, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (CSF rhinorrhoea), and possibly infection which can lead to meningitis. CSF rhinorrhoea (clear fluid leaking from the nose) is very serious and considered a medical emergency. Aging can cause the openings in the cribriform plate to close, pinching olfactory nerve fibers. A reduction in olfactory receptors, loss of blood flow, and thick nasal mucus can also cause an impaired sense of smell.
# Structure.
Projecting upward from the middle line of this plate is a thick, smooth, triangular process, the crista galli, so called from its resemblance to a rooster's comb.
The long thin posterior | 6,141,113 |
1643145 | Cribriform plate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cribriform%20plate | Cribriform plate
border of the crista galli serves for the attachment of the falx cerebri.
Its anterior border, short and thick, articulates with the frontal bone, and presents two small projecting "alae" (wings), which are received into corresponding depressions in the frontal bone and complete the foramen cecum.
Its sides are smooth, and sometimes bulging from presence of a small air sinus in the interior.
On either side of the crista galli, the cribriform plate is narrow and deeply grooved; it supports the olfactory bulb and is perforated by foramina for the passage of the olfactory nerves. The foramina in the middle of the groove are small and transmit the nerves to the roof of the nasal cavity; those | 6,141,114 |
1643145 | Cribriform plate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cribriform%20plate | Cribriform plate
at the medial and lateral parts of the groove are larger—the former transmit the nerves to the upper part of the nasal septum, the latter those to the superior nasal concha.
At the front part of the cribriform plate, on either side of the crista galli, is a small fissure that is occupied by a process of dura mater.
Lateral to this fissure is a notch or foramen which transmits the nasociliary nerve; from this notch a groove extends backward to the anterior ethmoidal foramen.
# Clinical significance.
A fractured cribriform plate (anterior skull trauma) can result in leaking of cerebrospinal fluid into the nose and loss of sense of smell. The tiny apertures of the plate transmitting the olfactory | 6,141,115 |
1643145 | Cribriform plate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cribriform%20plate | Cribriform plate
nerve become the route of ascent for a pathogen, "Naegleria fowleri". This amoeba tends to destroy the olfactory bulb and the adjacent inferior surface of the frontal lobe of the brain. This surface initially becomes the site of proliferation of the trophozoites of "Naegleria fowleri" and their subsequent spread to the rest of the brain and CSF. Because of its initial involvement and trophozoite presence in early phases of "Naegleria fowleri" infection, flushing of this region with saline using a device, to obtain "Naegleria fowleri" for diagnostic PCR and microscopic viewing has been proposed for patients affected by Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), by (Baig AM., "et al") in a recent | 6,141,116 |
1643145 | Cribriform plate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cribriform%20plate | Cribriform plate
publication. Researchers have suggested the same route to administer drugs at an early phase of infection by using a "Transcribrial Device" that has been proposed to kill this pathogen at a place of its maximum proliferation. In a 2017 the inventor of the device has suggested that after slight modifications this method could be effective in delivery of stem cells to the brain as well.
A recent Australian study as shown that bacterium causing the tropical disease melioidosis, "Burkholderia pseudomallei" can also invade the brain via the olfactory nerve within 24 h by transversing the cribriform plate.
# Keros classification.
The Keros classification is a method of classifying the depth of | 6,141,117 |
1643145 | Cribriform plate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cribriform%20plate | Cribriform plate
alian study as shown that bacterium causing the tropical disease melioidosis, "Burkholderia pseudomallei" can also invade the brain via the olfactory nerve within 24 h by transversing the cribriform plate.
# Keros classification.
The Keros classification is a method of classifying the depth of the olfactory fossa.
The depth of the olfactory fossa is determined by the height of the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate. Keros in 1962, classified the depth into three categories.
- type 1: has a depth of 1–3 mm (26.3% of population)
- type 2: has a depth of 4–7mm (73.3% of population)
- type 3: has a depth of 8–16mm (0.5% of population)
# History.
From Latin cribrum ("sieve") + -form. | 6,141,118 |
1643150 | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Chur | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur
Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur
The Diocese of Chur extends over the Swiss Cantons of Graubünden (Grisons), Schwyz, Glarus, Zurich, Nidwalden, Obwalden and Uri.
# History.
A Bishop of Chur is first mentioned in 451/ 452 when its Bishop Saint Asimo attended the Synod of Milan, but probably existed a century earlier. The see was at first suffragan to the archbishop of Milan, but after the treaty of Verdun (843) it became suffragan to Mainz. In consequence of political changes it became, in 1803, immediately subject to the Holy See. According to local traditions, the first Bishop of Chur was Saint Lucius, who is said to have died a martyr at Chur around the year 176, and whose relics are preserved | 6,141,119 |
1643150 | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Chur | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur
in the cathedral. St. Lucius is venerated as the principal patron of the diocese. (See G. Mayer, "St. Luzi bei Chur", Lindau, 1876.) The country had to pass through very severe struggles for the Christian faith. Theodoric, King of the Ostrogoths, and the Lombards after him, attempted to introduce Arianism in the sixth and seventh centuries.
The bishop soon acquired great temporal powers, especially after his dominions were made, in 831, dependent on the Empire alone. In the dispute between Emperor Barbarossa and Pope Alexander III, Bishop Egino of Chur sided with the emperor and was rewarded with the dignity of Prince of the Empire in 1170. The bishop was also temporal lord of the city, and | 6,141,120 |
1643150 | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Chur | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur
in several cases a better warrior than pastor. In 1392 he became head of the League of Gods House (originally formed against him in 1367), one of the Three Leagues, but, in 1526, after the Reformation, lost his temporal powers, having fulfilled his historical mission (see Graubünden).
The struggles of Switzerland for liberty in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, and, later, the secret preaching of Zwingli and Calvin, did great harm to the diocese, especially as the Catholic clergy neglected the instruction of the people. The Reformation was publicly proclaimed at Chur in 1524, and the two Catholic churches of St. Martin and St. Regula were given over to the Protestants, who retain possession | 6,141,121 |
1643150 | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Chur | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur
of them to this day. The bishop fled, and his administrator, Abbot Theodore Schlegel, was publicly beheaded (1 January 1529). Bishop Thomas Planta, a friend of St. Charles Borromeo, tried, but without success, to suppress Protestantism. He died, probably poisoned, 5 May 1565. (See Camenisch, "Carlo Borromeo und die Gegenreform im Veltlin", 1901.) Twenty years later St. Charles sent the Capuchins into the endangered region, but Bishop Peter II (de Rascher) refused to admit them. His successor, Bishop John V (Flugi d'Aspermont, 1601–27), a saintly and courageous man, endeavoured to restore the Catholic religion, but was compelled to flee three times (1607, 1612, and 1617), and for several years | 6,141,122 |
1643150 | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Chur | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur
a bloody war was waged between the Catholics and the Protestants. Finally, the newly erected Congregation of Propaganda commissioned the Capuchins to 'save the Catholic faith' among the people (1621). The first Capuchin superior of the mission was St. Fidelis of Sigmaringen, who, on his way from Sewis to Grüsch, a little north of Chur, was slain (24 April 1622) by peasants whom the sermons of the Protestant preachers had wrought up to a fury. Some relics of this martyr are preserved in the cathedral at Chur. A second mission, that of Misocco and Calanca, in the southern part of the diocese, was entrusted to the Capuchins in 1635. These two missions, Rhætiæ and Mesauci, were made prefectures | 6,141,123 |
1643150 | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Chur | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur
Apostolic under the care of Italian Capuchins and these prefects resided in the towns of Obervaz and Cama, both in the Canton of Graubünden.
Several holy and extraordinary men have contributed to the splendour of the Diocese of Chur. Four of its bishops are honoured as saints: Saint Asimo (c. 450), Saint Valentinian (530–548), Saint Ursicinus (d. 760), and Saint Adalbert(1151–60).
Saint Sigisbert flourished about the year 600, Saint Pirminus a century later; Saint Florian, whom the diocese has chosen as its second patron, lived in the ninth century, the hermit Saint Gerold in the tenth. The Capuchin Theodosius Florentini, vicar-general from 1860 till his death (15 February 1865), was a very | 6,141,124 |
1643150 | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Chur | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur
distinguished missionary; in 1852 he erected the Hospital of the Cross at Chur; before this he had already laid the foundations of two female religious congregations, one for the instruction of children, the other for the care of the sick.
# In 1906.
According to the "Kirchliches Handlexicon" (Munich, 1906) the diocese had a Catholic population of about 248,887 (non-Catholics, 431,367). There were 358 secular and 226 religious priests in charge of about 201 parishes, besides many chaplaincies and mission- stations. The largest Catholic community is at Zürich (43,655). The 35 Capuchins of the prefectures Apostolic had charge of 79 chapels in 1906. Three Benedictine abbeys — Einsiedeln, Engelberg, | 6,141,125 |
1643150 | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Chur | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur
and Disentis — are within the diocese and, with the church of Saint Nicholas of Flüe at Sachseln, are places of pilgrimage. There was an ecclesiastical seminary in Chur, besides colleges in Schwyz, Disentis, Einsiedeln, Engelberg, Sarnen, and Stans. The diocese include nine orders of men and ten orders of women (Franciscans, Augustinians, Dominicans, Benedictines, and others), as well as eleven congregations.
# Separation of the Principality of Liechtenstein from Chur.
In 1997 the Archdiocese of Vaduz was erected by Pope John Paul II in the apostolic constitution "Ad satius consulendum". Before then it had been the Liechtenstein Deanery of the Diocese of Chur. The former bishop of Chur, Wolfgang | 6,141,126 |
1643150 | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Chur | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur
Haas has been the Archbishop of Vaduz since the founding of the Archdiocese.
# List of bishops.
The known bishops of the diocese are given in the following list. Either their years in office or death date is given after their names.
- 1. Asinio (451)
- 2. Valentian (died 548)
- 3. Paulinus (548)
- 4. Theodor (599–603)
- 5. Viktor I (614)
- 6. Paschalis (Last third of 7th century)
- 7. Viktor II (Early 8th century)
- 8. Vigilius (First half 8th century)
- 9. Tello (759/60 – 765, began second cathedral)
- 10. Constantius (773/74)
- 11. Remedius (791/96 – 806)
- 12. Viktor III (822/23 – 831)
- 13. Verendar (836–843)
- 14. Esso (849–868)
- 15. Ruodhar (Rothar) (died before 888)
- | 6,141,127 |
1643150 | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Chur | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur
16. Diotolf (Theodolf) (888–913)
- 17. Waldo (920–940, died 949)
- 18. Hartbert (951–972)
- 19. Hiltibald (976–988)
- 20. Ulrich I (1006–1024)
- 21. Rupertus (Ruopert) (?)
- 22. Hartmann I (1030–1036, died 1039)
- 23. Dietmar von Montfort (1040–1061, died 1070)
- 24. Heinrich I. von Montfort (1070–1078)
- 25. Norbert (1080–1087, died 1088)
- 26. Ulrich II. von Tarasp (1087–1095)
- 27. Wido (1096–1122, first Prince-Bishop)
- 28. Konrad I. von Biberegg (1123–1142)
- 29. Konrad II. (1142–1150)
- 30. Adalgott (1151–1160)
- 31. Egino von Ehrenfels (1160–1168)
- 32. Ulrich III. von Tegerfelden (1170–1179)
- 33. Bruno (1180)
- 34. Heinrich II. von Arbon (1180, 1192)
- 35. Arnold | 6,141,128 |
1643150 | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Chur | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur
I. (1199)
- 36. Reinher della Torre (1194–1209)
- 37. Arnold II. von Matsch (1209–1221)
- 38. Rudolf I. von Güttingen, OSB (1224–1226)
- 39. Berthold von Helfenstein (1228–1233)
- 40. Ulrich IV. von Kyburg (1233/34–1237)
- 41. Volkard von Neuburg (1237–1251)
- 42. Heinrich III. von Montfort, OP (1251–1272, until 1268 only Bishop Elect)
- 43. Konrad III. von Belmont (1273–1282, until 1278 only Bishop Elect)
- 44. Friedrich I. von Montfort (1282–1290, until 1287 only Bishop Elect)
- 45. Berthold II. von Heiligenberg (1291–1298 only Bishop Elect)
- 46. Siegfried von Gelnhausen (1298–1321)
- 47. Rudolf II. von Montfort (1322, 1322–1325 administrator, Bishop of Constance 1322–1334)
- | 6,141,129 |
1643150 | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Chur | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur
48. Johannes I. Pfefferhard (1325–1331)
- 49. Ulrich V. (Ribi) von Lenzburg, OESA (1331–1355)
- 50. Peter I. Wurst (Jelito) (1356–1368, also 1368–1371 Bishop of Leitomischl, 1371–1381 Archbishop of Magdeburg, 1381–1387 Bishop of Olomouc)
- 51. Friedrich II. von Erdingen (1368–1376, appointed Bishop, also 1376–1396 Bishop of Brixen)
- 52. Johannes II. (Ministri) von Ehingen (1376–1388, until 1377[?] only Bishop-elect)
- 53. Hartmann II. von Werdenberg-Sargans (1388–1416, until 1412[?] only Bishop-elect)
- 54. Johannes III. Ambundii (1416–1418, also 1418–1424 Archbishop of Riga)
- 55. Johannes IV. Naso (Naz) (1418–1440)
- 56. Konrad von Rechberg zu Hohenrechberg (1440–1441 administrator)
- | 6,141,130 |
1643150 | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Chur | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur
57. Heinrich IV. Freiherr von Hewen (1441–1456 administrator, also 1436–1462 Bishop of Constance)
- 58. Antonio de Tosabeciis (1456 appointed Bishop)
- 59. Leonhard Wismair (1456–1458 only Bishop-elect)
- 60. Ortlieb von Brandis (1458–1491)
- 61. Heinrich V. von Hewen (1491–1505)
- 62. Paul Ziegler (1505–1509 administrator)
- 63. Lucius Iter (1542–1549)
- 64. Thomas von Planta (1550–1565, possibly poisoned)
- 65. Beat à Porta (1565–1581)
- 66. Peter de Raschèr (1581–1601)
- 67. Johann V. Flugi von Aspermont (1601–1627)
- 68. Joseph Mohr (1627–1635)
- 69. Johann VI. Flugi von Aspermont (1636–1661)
- 70. Ulrich VI. de Mont (1661–1692)
- 71. Ulrich VII. von Federspiel (1692–1728)
- | 6,141,131 |
1643150 | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Chur | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur
72. Joseph Benedikt von Rost (1729–1754)
- 73. Johann Baptist Anton von Federspiel (1755–1777)
- 74. Johann Franz Dionys von Rost (1777–1793)
- 75. Karl Rudolf von Buol-Schauenstein (1794–1833, last Prince-Bishop, also 1824–1833 Bishop of St. Gallen)
- 76. Johann Georg Bossi (1835–1844, also 1835–1836 Bishop of St. Gallen)
- 77. Kaspar de Carl ab Hohenbalken (1844–1859)
- 78. Nikolaus Franz Florentini (1859–1876)
- 79. Kaspar Willi, OSB (1877–1879)
- 80. Franz Konstantin Rampa (1879–1888)
- 81. Johannes Fidelis Battaglia (1889–1908)
- 82. Georgius Schmid von Grüneck (1908–1932)
- 83. Laurenz Matthias Vincenz (1932–1941)
- 84. Christianus Caminada (1941–1962)
- 85. Johannes Vonderach | 6,141,132 |
1643150 | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Chur | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur
824–1833 Bishop of St. Gallen)
- 76. Johann Georg Bossi (1835–1844, also 1835–1836 Bishop of St. Gallen)
- 77. Kaspar de Carl ab Hohenbalken (1844–1859)
- 78. Nikolaus Franz Florentini (1859–1876)
- 79. Kaspar Willi, OSB (1877–1879)
- 80. Franz Konstantin Rampa (1879–1888)
- 81. Johannes Fidelis Battaglia (1889–1908)
- 82. Georgius Schmid von Grüneck (1908–1932)
- 83. Laurenz Matthias Vincenz (1932–1941)
- 84. Christianus Caminada (1941–1962)
- 85. Johannes Vonderach (1962–1990)
- 86. Wolfgang Haas (1990–1997, also 1997–1998 Apostolic Administrator, 1997–present Archbishop of Vaduz)
- 87. Amédée Grab, OSB (1998–2007)
- 88. Vitus Huonder (2007–2019)
# See also.
- Bishop of Chur | 6,141,133 |
1643170 | Hugh Lloyd | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hugh%20Lloyd | Hugh Lloyd
Hugh Lloyd
Hugh Lewis Lloyd, MBE (22 April 1923 – 14 July 2008) was an English actor who made his name in television and film comedy from the 1960s to the 1980s. He was best known for appearances in "Hugh and I" and other sitcoms of the 1960s.
# Life.
Hugh Lloyd was born in Chester and attended the King's School. Upon leaving school he spent two years as a newspaper reporter on the "Chester Chronicle".
His first professional acting appearance was with ENSA and he worked in repertory theatre until 1957, when he made the first of 25 appearances on the television series "Hancock's Half Hour". Many years after its first transmission, he is still remembered as the character in the episode entitled | 6,141,134 |
1643170 | Hugh Lloyd | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hugh%20Lloyd | Hugh Lloyd
"The Blood Donor" in which he forgets to return Tony Hancock's wine gums.
He appeared with Terry Scott in the series "Hugh and I" and "The Gnomes of Dulwich"; with Peggy Mount in "Lollipop Loves Mr. Mole"; in "Jury" and "You Rang M'Lord?". He created the series "Lord Tramp" (1977), written by Michael Pertwee, in which he also starred. The "Comedy Playhouse" special, "Hughie", in which he starred as a recently released prisoner following the ending of "Hugh and I", was unsuccessful.
Television plays in which he appeared include "She's Been Away" (starring Peggy Ashcroft); "The Dunroamin Rising"; "A Matter Of Will" (with Brenda Bruce); and a number of Alan Bennett plays, notably "A Visit From | 6,141,135 |
1643170 | Hugh Lloyd | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hugh%20Lloyd | Hugh Lloyd
Miss Protheroe" (with Patricia Routledge), "Say Something Happened" (with Julie Walters and Thora Hird), and "Me, I'm Afraid Of Virginia Woolf". He played Goronwy Jones in the "Doctor Who" episode "Delta and the Bannermen" and appeared in numerous television light entertainment shows, including Victoria Wood, Jimmy Cricket and "Babble Quiz".
On the West End stage, Lloyd spent three seasons at the Windmill Theatre; a year at the Strand Theatre in "When We Are Married"; two years in "No Sex Please, We're British" at the Strand; and at the Lyric Theatre in "Tonight at 8.30". He was part of the Royal National Theatre company under Ian McKellen, in "The Critic", "The Cherry Orchard" and "The Duchess | 6,141,136 |
1643170 | Hugh Lloyd | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hugh%20Lloyd | Hugh Lloyd
of Malfi". He also performed in over twenty pantomimes.
Lloyd met his fourth wife, journalist Shan Lloyd, at Allen's restaurant in London's West End, in 1978. Lloyd, who was in his fifties at the time, had been married and divorced three times before meeting Shan. In his autobiography, he described his future wife as "a scatty, blondehaired Fleet Street tabloid journalist". Hugh and Shan married in 1983. The couple moved to Worthing in 2003 and remained married until his death on 14 July 2008. Shan Lloyd died in December 2008, just five months after Hugh Lloyd.
Lloyd was awarded an MBE in the 2005 New Year Honours List for his services to drama and charity. He died on 14 July 2008 at his home | 6,141,137 |
1643170 | Hugh Lloyd | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hugh%20Lloyd | Hugh Lloyd
in Dolphin Court, Grand Avenue, West Worthing.
# Appearances.
## Films.
- "The Rebel" (1961) - Man on Train
- "Go to Blazes" (1962) - Fireman
- "It's Trad Dad!" (1962) - Usher
- "She'll Have To Go" (1962) - Macdonald
- "The Mouse on the Moon" (1963) - Plumber
- "Father Came Too!" (1963) - Mary, Queen of Scots
- "The Punch and Judy Man" (1963) - Edward Cox
- "Just for Fun" (1963) - Burglar
- "Runaway Railway" (1965) - Disposals Man
- "White Cargo" (1973) - Chumley
- "Intimate Games" (1976) - John's Father
- "Quadrophenia" (1979) - Mr. Cale
- "Venom" (1982) - Taxi Driver
- "She's Been Away" (1989) - George
- "The Fool" (1990) - Viscount
- "August" (1996) - Thomas Prosser
- "The | 6,141,138 |
1643170 | Hugh Lloyd | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hugh%20Lloyd | Hugh Lloyd
Clandestine Marriage" (1998) - Reverend Parker
- "Alice in Wonderland" (1999) - Fishface Footman
- "Girl from Rio" (2001) - Albert
## Television.
- "Doc Martin" (2005) 1 December - Aromatherapy(Season 2, Episode 4) - Vernon Cooke
- "Foyle's War" (2002) 17 November - Eagle Day(Season 1, Episode 4) - Frank Watson
- "My Hero" (2000) 22 December - My Hero Christmas(Season 1, Episode 7) - Santa
- "So What Now?" (2001) 16 April - The House Guest (Episode 4) - Frank
- "Randall & Hopkirk (Deceased)" (2000) - 'A Man of Substance' (Series 1, episode 6)
- "Great Expectations" (1999) - The Aged P
- "Cider with Rosie" (1998) - Joseph Brown
- "Oh, Doctor Beeching!" (1997) - Ernie Bennett
- "Blue | 6,141,139 |
1643170 | Hugh Lloyd | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hugh%20Lloyd | Hugh Lloyd
Heaven" (1994) - cleaner
- "You Rang M'lord" (BBC 1991) Selfridge, Sir Ralph Shawcross's butler
- "" (1991) - George Jenkins
- "Victoria Wood (1989)" ("Over To Pam") - Jim
- "Doctor Who" ("Delta and the Bannermen", 1987) - Goronwy Jones
- "Victoria Wood As Seen On TV" (1986) - Billy
- "That's My Boy" (1984) 25 May - Unfair Dismissal (Season 3 Episode 5) - Jim Barnes
- "" (1985) - Charlie
- "A Visit From Miss Protheroe" (1978)
- "Lord Tramp" (1975) - Lord Tramp
- "Lollipop" (1972)
- "Lollipop Loves Mr. Mole" (1971)
- "The Gnomes of Dulwich" (1969)
- "Hugh and I" (1962)
- "Hancock's Half Hour" (1957–61) - Various
# External links.
- Obituary in "The Telegraph"
- Anthony Hayward | 6,141,140 |
1643170 | Hugh Lloyd | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hugh%20Lloyd | Hugh Lloyd
oss's butler
- "" (1991) - George Jenkins
- "Victoria Wood (1989)" ("Over To Pam") - Jim
- "Doctor Who" ("Delta and the Bannermen", 1987) - Goronwy Jones
- "Victoria Wood As Seen On TV" (1986) - Billy
- "That's My Boy" (1984) 25 May - Unfair Dismissal (Season 3 Episode 5) - Jim Barnes
- "" (1985) - Charlie
- "A Visit From Miss Protheroe" (1978)
- "Lord Tramp" (1975) - Lord Tramp
- "Lollipop" (1972)
- "Lollipop Loves Mr. Mole" (1971)
- "The Gnomes of Dulwich" (1969)
- "Hugh and I" (1962)
- "Hancock's Half Hour" (1957–61) - Various
# External links.
- Obituary in "The Telegraph"
- Anthony Hayward "Obituary: Hugh Lloyd", "The Independent", 16 July 2008
- Obituary in "The Stage" | 6,141,141 |
1643205 | Hanchongnyon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanchongnyon | Hanchongnyon
Hanchongnyon
Hanchongnyon (Hanguk Daehak Chonghaksaenghoi ryonhap), also known as the South Korean Federation of University Students Councils, is a pro-North Korea leftist student organization in South Korea. Hanchongnyon supports a North Korean-led unification of Korea, and instigates Korean college students to overturn the Korean state system.
In particular, it condemns the continued presence of the United States Forces Korea (USFK), which it sees as a humiliating vestige of U.S. imperialism and advocates on behalf of Korean reunification. Hanchongnyon is widely known for its effort to overturn the South Korean state system, mainly through demonstrations. It was criminalized under the National | 6,141,142 |
1643205 | Hanchongnyon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanchongnyon | Hanchongnyon
Security Act in 1999 for alleged pro-North Korean activities. The North Korea-based Pomchonghakryon considers the Hanchongnyon as its southern headquarters.
Its main headquarters were Korea University (Seoul) and Chonnam University (Gwangju). It was organized in early 1993 as a realignment of the Jeondaehyop (전대협) student organization, a leftist student group that was formed by activists in the National Liberation faction (민족해방) of the South Korean student movement.
As the Soviet Union collapsed and the North Korean famine occurred, many of the North-friendly groups lost popularity and many activists later stated they are more skeptical to North Korea now.
# See also.
- 21C Korea College | 6,141,143 |
1643205 | Hanchongnyon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanchongnyon | Hanchongnyon
nnam University (Gwangju). It was organized in early 1993 as a realignment of the Jeondaehyop (전대협) student organization, a leftist student group that was formed by activists in the National Liberation faction (민족해방) of the South Korean student movement.
As the Soviet Union collapsed and the North Korean famine occurred, many of the North-friendly groups lost popularity and many activists later stated they are more skeptical to North Korea now.
# See also.
- 21C Korea College Students' Union (Handaeryeon)
- Chongryon
- Education in South Korea
- Politics of South Korea
- Democratic Labor Party (South Korea)
- "Juchesasangpa", the South Korean political organization advocating "Juche" | 6,141,144 |
1643186 | WCCW-FM | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WCCW-FM | WCCW-FM
WCCW-FM
WCCW-FM is an FM radio station broadcasting at 107.5 Megahertz in Traverse City, Michigan, United States. The station is owned by the Midwestern Broadcasting group, which to this day includes the family members of its original partners from the early 1940s, the Biedermans, Kikers and McClays.
Midwestern, parent company of WTCM and WTCM-FM, acquired its long-time "local competitor" WCCW in 1996. "Classic Hits 107-5" is the highly rated FM station in the area, while the AM station, "1310 The Score" is one of the lowest, according to Arbitron.
# History.
## Early years.
WCCW-AM, whose call letters stand for "Cherry Capitol of the World", signed on in 1960 under the ownership of John | 6,141,145 |
1643186 | WCCW-FM | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WCCW-FM | WCCW-FM
Anderson, a former Midwestern employee who ventured out on his own with contemporary ideas and skills learned working for Midwestern as a salesman in the 1950s.
On November 1, 1967, WCCW added an FM sister at 92.1, which broadcast with 6,000 watts. It was Traverse City's first late night broadcast signal, as both WTCM and WLDR-FM signed off at 11 p.m. This FM originally had an automated beautiful music format.
In the beginning, WCCW was an MOR-formatted station, but added Top 40 afternoon programming in the late 1960s to appeal to the younger crowd. It was Northwest Michigan's first truly contemporary format, even though in later-dayparts, and was soon followed by WVOY in Charlevoix about | 6,141,146 |
1643186 | WCCW-FM | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WCCW-FM | WCCW-FM
1974.
For most of the 1970s, the WCCW air staff was:
- Les Foerster – Morning
- Michael Bradford – Mid-days
- Michael O'Shea – Afternoons
- Phill Orth – Evenings
- Carolyn Beaudette – Overnights
Jerry Meyer and Bob Burian were both involved in management along with owner John Anderson. Meyer later became operations manager at WTCM in 1976 and went on to co-own Murrays Boats & Motors, was the longtime news anchor for TV 9 & 10, and made a run for state representative.
LD Greilick and Michael Bradford were the stations engineers. Bradford went on to establish WBNZ in Frankfort.
"Radio Double C" also had Northern Michigan's earliest avante-garde modern rock programming late at night with | 6,141,147 |
1643186 | WCCW-FM | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WCCW-FM | WCCW-FM
the "Pen Ultimate" radio show hosted by Al Vasquez ("Alan White") and Carolyn Beaudette, and was the home of Traverse City's first "real" production agency for radio commercials.
## Change to Oldies.
In the 1980s WCCW felt pressure from regional broadcasters WJML-AM-FM and later WKHQ, and became an Adult Contemporary station (as WMZK) rather that competing for the Contemporary Hit radio audience. It later changed to "oldies" and returned to the WCCW moniker.
Other broadcasters associated with WCCW in and after its hey-day were Lucien Jaye ("The Boogie Man"), Dave Elliot (later with WTCM 14-T) Dave Walker (who later became the longtime news anchor at TV 7&4), Steve Cook (Production Director | 6,141,148 |
1643186 | WCCW-FM | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WCCW-FM | WCCW-FM
for WTCM), and Ron Jolly (mornings on WTCM) and Jim Moriarty.
Anderson, who still lives to this day, sold WCCW Radio to the Fabiano Brothers of Mt. Pleasant, a well-known beer distributor. In 1991, WCCW-FM moved to 107.5, increasing their power to 50,000 watts. They had to convince Cherry Capitol Airport to move their frequencies off that area of the band so they could move there.
## Midwestern ownership.
In 1996, the Fabianos sold WCCW Radio to Ross Biederman for $3 million, who made drastic improvements to the stations. He moved the stations out of the old Michigan Theatre building on Front St. to a "Today Show"-esque window studio next in the former Midwestern Cablevision building next | 6,141,149 |
1643186 | WCCW-FM | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WCCW-FM | WCCW-FM
door to WTCM. He also bought the FM station a new TM Century music collection disc set, ending the station's relationship with vinyl and tape carts.
One criticism Biederman received since buying WCCW was the fact that the station, once live and local 24/7, started using ABC's "OldiesRadio" (formerly "Pure Gold") feed for overnights and weekends. The station's overnight DJ, Shawn Michaels, died of a drunk driving accident shortly before the conversion to overnight satellite, though it is unknown if his firing from the station had anything to do with it.
WCCW-FM now once again has live and local personalities during much of the day on Saturday and Sunday, although it continues to air Citadel | 6,141,150 |
1643186 | WCCW-FM | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WCCW-FM | WCCW-FM
Media's "Greatest Mojo" programming ABC overnights and during some non-critical weekend dayparts. In 2004, WCCW-FM added a new sister station, 6 kW WCZW 107.9 in Charlevoix, which brings WCCW's programming also to the Petoskey area.
## WCCW today.
WCCW-FM in recent years has added more 1980s and early 1990s music to their playlist from artists such as Huey Lewis & The News, Madonna, Whitney Houston, and John Mellencamp, angering traditional oldies fans. The station also more recently switched from its longtime "Oldies 107-5" name to "Classic Hits 107-5". Nonetheless, the ratings are still excellent, led by a popular airstaff, which includes morning man Charlie DiStefano, aka "Charlie D.", | 6,141,151 |
1643186 | WCCW-FM | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WCCW-FM | WCCW-FM
middayer Dave Gauthier, afternoon man Dean Berry.
Dean Berry's been a fixture in northern Michigan radio since the 1980s including a couple of stints on the rock station WKLT. Pritchard spent 10 years as the Program Director and Afternoon Driver at WKHQ, and once hosted weekend talk shows on the Michigan Talk Network. WCCW-FM is also the Traverse City home of the Classic Countdown with Dick Bartley, heard on weekends.
From 2003 to 2015, WCCW-FM operated a simulcast station, WCZW in Charlevoix, Michigan, serving the Petoskey/Charlevoix area at 107.9 FM. In December 2015, WCZW was purchased by Good News Media, and has since changed to a simulcast of the new owners' Christian-formatted WLJN-FM | 6,141,152 |
1643186 | WCCW-FM | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WCCW-FM | WCCW-FM
radio since the 1980s including a couple of stints on the rock station WKLT. Pritchard spent 10 years as the Program Director and Afternoon Driver at WKHQ, and once hosted weekend talk shows on the Michigan Talk Network. WCCW-FM is also the Traverse City home of the Classic Countdown with Dick Bartley, heard on weekends.
From 2003 to 2015, WCCW-FM operated a simulcast station, WCZW in Charlevoix, Michigan, serving the Petoskey/Charlevoix area at 107.9 FM. In December 2015, WCZW was purchased by Good News Media, and has since changed to a simulcast of the new owners' Christian-formatted WLJN-FM 89.9 as WLJD.
# References.
- Michiguide.com - WCCW-FM History
- Michiguide.com - WCZW History | 6,141,153 |
1643214 | Masseter muscle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Masseter%20muscle | Masseter muscle
Masseter muscle
In human anatomy, the masseter is one of the muscles of mastication. Found only in mammals, it is particularly powerful in herbivores to facilitate chewing of plant matter. The most obvious muscle of mastication is the masseter muscle, since it is the most superficial and one of the strongest.
# Structure.
The masseter is a thick, somewhat quadrilateral muscle, consisting of two heads, superficial and deep. The fibers of the two heads are continuous at their insertion.
## Superficial head.
The superficial head, the larger, arises by a thick, tendinous aponeurosis from the temporal process of zygomatic bone, and from the anterior two-thirds of the inferior border of the zygomatic | 6,141,154 |
1643214 | Masseter muscle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Masseter%20muscle | Masseter muscle
arch. Its fibers pass inferior and posterior, to be inserted into the angle of the mandible and inferior half of the lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible.
## Deep head.
The deep head is much bigger, and more muscular in texture. It arises from the posterior third of the lower border and from the whole of the medial surface of the zygomatic arch. Its fibers pass downward and forward, to be inserted into the upper half of the ramus as high as the coronoid process of the mandible. The deep head of the muscle is partly concealed, anteriorly, by the superficial portion. Posteriorly, it is covered by the parotid gland.
## Innervation.
Along with the other three muscles of mastication (temporalis, | 6,141,155 |
1643214 | Masseter muscle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Masseter%20muscle | Masseter muscle
medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid), the masseter is innervated by the anterior division of the mandibular division (V3) of the trigeminal nerve. The innervation pathway is:
gyrus precentralis genu capsula interna nucleus motorius nervi trigemini nervus trigeminus nervus mandibularis musculus masseter.
# Function.
The action of the muscle during bilateral contraction of the entire muscle is to elevate the mandible, raising the lower jaw. Elevation of the mandible occurs during the closing of the jaws. The masseter parallels the medial pterygoid muscle, but it is stronger and superficial fibres can cause protrusion.
# Clinical significance.
## Examination.
To perform an extraoral | 6,141,156 |
1643214 | Masseter muscle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Masseter%20muscle | Masseter muscle
examination, stand near the patient and visually inspect and bilaterally palpate the muscle. Place the fingers of each hand over the muscle and ask the patient to clench his or her teeth several times.
## Pathology.
The masseter muscle can become enlarged in patients who habitually clench or grind (with bruxism) their teeth and even in those who constantly chew gum. This masseteric hypertrophy is asymptomatic and soft; it is usually bilateral but can be unilateral. Even if the hypertrophy is bilateral, asymmetry of the face may still occur due to unequal enlargement of the muscles. This extraoral enlargement may be confused with parotid salivary gland disease, dental infections, and maxillofacial | 6,141,157 |
1643214 | Masseter muscle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Masseter%20muscle | Masseter muscle
to unequal enlargement of the muscles. This extraoral enlargement may be confused with parotid salivary gland disease, dental infections, and maxillofacial neoplasms. However, no other signs are present except those involved in changes in occlusion intraorally such as pain, and the enlargement corresponds with the outline of the muscle. Most patients seek medical attention because of comments about facial appearance, and this situation may be associated with further pathology of the temporomandibular joint.
Finally, the muscle undergoes spasm with malignant hyperthermia as do other skeletal muscles, but this one is easily noted, since it is on the face.
# See also.
- Zygomasseteric system | 6,141,158 |
1643212 | Giorgio Ghezzi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giorgio%20Ghezzi | Giorgio Ghezzi
Giorgio Ghezzi
Giorgio Ghezzi (; 11 July 1930 – 12 December 1990), nicknamed "Kamikaze", was an Italian football manager and player who played as a goalkeeper.
# Club career.
Born in Cesenatico, Ghezzi started his career at Rimini in 1947 and later played for Modena between 1949 and 1951. He subsequently joined Internazionale in 1951, making his Serie A debut that season in a 3–1 home win over Legnano on 21 October. He remained at the club for 7 years, playing a total of 191 matches with the team across all competitions (Serie A, European Cup and Coppa Italia). During his time with Inter, he won 2 Serie A titles in 1953 and 1954.
At the end of the 1957–58 season, he was sold to Genoa, and | 6,141,159 |
1643212 | Giorgio Ghezzi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giorgio%20Ghezzi | Giorgio Ghezzi
then, in 1959, he returned to Milan, but to join Inter's cross-city rivals A.C. Milan, as a replacement for his perceived career rival Lorenzo Buffon, who had instead joined Genoa that season, and who subsequently moved to Ghezzi's former club Inter the following season. With Milan, Ghezzi won another Serie A title in 1962 and the 1962–63 European Champions Cup in 1963; in the 1963 European Cup Final, he was one of the club's star performers as Milan defeated Eusébio's Benfica 2–1 at Wembley, becoming the first Italian goalkeeper to win the European Cup. Ghezzi retired with Milan in 1965.
# International career.
At international level, Ghezzi made six appearances for the Italy national football | 6,141,160 |
1643212 | Giorgio Ghezzi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giorgio%20Ghezzi | Giorgio Ghezzi
team between 1954 and 1961. He made his debut on 11 April 1954, in a 3–1 away win over France, and was a starting member of the Italy team that took part at the 1954 FIFA World Cup, despite competition from several other excellent Italian goalkeepers at the time, such as Leonardo Costagliola, Giovanni Viola, Giuliano Sarti, and William Negri. Later he found his opportunities in the national team more limited due to the presence of his perceived career rival Buffon.
# Style of play.
An aggressive, courageous and spectacular goalkeeper, Ghezzi was known in particular for his athleticism, agility, reflexes and acrobatic saves, as well as his speed when rushing off his line to anticipate or challenge | 6,141,161 |
1643212 | Giorgio Ghezzi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giorgio%20Ghezzi | Giorgio Ghezzi
opposing strikers; his playing style as a "sweeper keeper" inspired his nickname "kamikaze". Despite his shot-stopping abilities and reputation as one of the greatest Italian goalkeepers of his generation, he was also at times criticised for his mentality and consistency, and was known for letting his emotions get the better of him on occasion.
# Managerial career.
Following his retirement as a player, Ghezzi served as manager of Genoa between 1966 and 1967.
# Personal life.
Ghezzi dated the Italian television personality and actress Edy Campagnoli, who later went on to marry Ghezzi's perceived career rival, Buffon.
Ghezzi died in his hometown Forlì on 12 December 1990, at the age of 60, | 6,141,162 |
1643212 | Giorgio Ghezzi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giorgio%20Ghezzi | Giorgio Ghezzi
was also at times criticised for his mentality and consistency, and was known for letting his emotions get the better of him on occasion.
# Managerial career.
Following his retirement as a player, Ghezzi served as manager of Genoa between 1966 and 1967.
# Personal life.
Ghezzi dated the Italian television personality and actress Edy Campagnoli, who later went on to marry Ghezzi's perceived career rival, Buffon.
Ghezzi died in his hometown Forlì on 12 December 1990, at the age of 60, from a heart attack.
# Honours.
## Club.
- Inter
- Serie A: 1952–53, 1953–54
- Milan
- Serie A: 1961–62
- European Cup: 1962–63
## Individual.
- A.C. Milan Hall of Fame
# External links.
- Profile | 6,141,163 |
1643224 | Pectineal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pectineal | Pectineal
Pectineal
Pectineal may refer to:
- Musculi pectinati of the heart, also known as pectinate muscles
- Pectineus muscle, an adductor of the thigh
- Pectineal line (femur)
- Pectineal line (pubis), also known as the pecten pubis
- Pectineal ligament, or Cooper's Ligament, located along the pecten pubis | 6,141,164 |
1643219 | Ukrainian Credit-Banking Union | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian%20Credit-Banking%20Union | Ukrainian Credit-Banking Union
Ukrainian Credit-Banking Union
The Ukrainian Credit-Banking Union () is a banking association created as the "Kyiv Banking Union" in 1994 by twenty commercial banks operating in the city of Kyiv, Ukraine, for the purpose of cooperation between Kyiv's financial institutions, and to manage collective interaction with authorities. The organization has expanded to nearly a hundred members, operating throughout the country and in 2005 reincorporated under its current name. The Ukrainian Credit-Banking Union works with Committees of the Verkhovna Rada (the Ukrainian parliament); the National Bank of Ukraine (Ukraine's central bank); the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, and the tax administration of | 6,141,165 |
1643219 | Ukrainian Credit-Banking Union | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian%20Credit-Banking%20Union | Ukrainian Credit-Banking Union
Kyiv's financial institutions, and to manage collective interaction with authorities. The organization has expanded to nearly a hundred members, operating throughout the country and in 2005 reincorporated under its current name. The Ukrainian Credit-Banking Union works with Committees of the Verkhovna Rada (the Ukrainian parliament); the National Bank of Ukraine (Ukraine's central bank); the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, and the tax administration of Ukraine to discuss improvement of banking legislation and other relevant matters.
Prominent banker and politician Leonid Chernovetsky was the founder and leader of the union.
# External links.
- Ukrainian Credit-Banking Union - official page | 6,141,166 |
1643200 | Katarina Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katarina%20Church | Katarina Church
Katarina Church
Katarina kyrka ("Church of Catherine") is one of the major churches in central Stockholm, Sweden. The original building was constructed 1656–1695. It has been rebuilt twice after being destroyed by fires, the second time during the 1990s. The Katarina-Sofia borough is named after the parish and the neighbouring parish of Sofia.
Construction of the church started during the reign of Charles X of Sweden, and the church is named after Princess Catherine, mother of the king, wife of John Casimir, Palsgrave of Pfalz-Zweibrücken and half-sister of Gustavus Adolphus. The original architect was Jean de la Vallée. The construction was severely delayed due to shortage of funds.
In 1723 | 6,141,167 |
1643200 | Katarina Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katarina%20Church | Katarina Church
the church, together with half of the buildings in the parish, was completely destroyed in a major fire. Rebuilding started almost immediately, under supervision of Göran Josua Adelcrantz, the city architect, who designed a larger, octagonal tower.
On May 17, 1990, the church burned down again, leaving almost nothing remaining but the external walls. Architect Ove Hidemark was responsible for rebuilding the church, which reopened in 1995. The new organ was built by J. L. van den Heuvel Orgelbouw in the Netherlands.
Several famous Swedes are buried in the cemetery surrounding the church, most notably the assassinated Foreign Minister Anna Lindh. Others include the popular Dutch-Swedish singer | 6,141,168 |
1643200 | Katarina Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katarina%20Church | Katarina Church
Cornelis Vreeswijk, as well as the former football player Sven Bergqvist, and Sten Sture the Elder.
# Notable architectural features.
Karl XII's Trappa
Karl XII's Stair is the double staircase that leads from the cemetery up to the southern entrance of the church and is so named because of its ornate railing. It was built sometime between 1712 and 1715 and was dedicated in 1715 as indicated by the date on the portion on the stair's landing. The stair's namesake is Charles XII of Sweden who was king at the time, and his royal monogram appears above the dedication date. The railing was made by the Blacksmith Benjamin Roth and renovated by his son, Carl Roth, in 1776. On the pillars on either | 6,141,169 |
1643200 | Katarina Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katarina%20Church | Katarina Church
side of the stair is engraved a poem about Karl XII:
"När Karl den tolfte kronan bar, (When Karl the twelfth bore the crown,)
man denna trappa uppbyggt har (man built this stair)
som Herrans hus sin prydnad ger, (ornamented like the Lord's)
på sätt man här för ögon ser. (has been set here for eyes to see.)
Förr'n någon sätter foten hit (For if anyone sets their foot here)
rannsake han sig själv med flit (they shall examine themselves with purpose)
att Gud hans själ till kyrkan får. (to God the church receives his soul.)
Ty han då väl till kyrkan går. (For then aught to go to church.)
När handen din vid gallret rör, (When your hand touches near the gate)
så ställ dig Jakobs stege för. | 6,141,170 |
1643200 | Katarina Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katarina%20Church | Katarina Church
(the you stand before Jacob's Ladder.)
På den Guds änglars dyra tropp (On it God's Angels, valued troops)
steg änglar ned, steg änglar opp. (stepped angels down, stepped angels up.)
Så stig ock du en ängel from (So step you also, who are an angel)
i tro, i bot, i kristendom (in faith, in repentance, in Christianity)
här trappan både opp och ner (on these stairs both up and down)
och tänk att Jakobs Gud det ser. (and remember that Jacob's God sees it.)
Och när du ned av berget går (And when come down from this mountain)
på vilket här Guds boning står, (which is God's dwelling place)
låt då din bön, din tro ock hopp (let then your prayers, your faith and hope)
till Himlaberget stig opp. | 6,141,171 |
1643200 | Katarina Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katarina%20Church | Katarina Church
låt då din bön, din tro ock hopp (let then your prayers, your faith and hope)
till Himlaberget stig opp. (to the Holy Mountain rise up.)
Sist bed: att detta tempel må (Final request: that this temple may)
i vår och senare tiden stå; (in our and later times stand;)
att där och kring hela Nord (that there and around the whole North)
må aldrig tryta Herrans ord." (may the Word of the Lord never run out.)
# See also.
- Church of Sweden
- List of churches in Stockholm
- Baroque architecture
- The Reformation and its influence on church architecture
# References.
- Lena Karlsson: "Anna Ingrid och Katarina" (2004)
# External links.
- Katarina parish
- Virtual tour of Katarina church | 6,141,172 |
1643227 | 14:9 aspect ratio | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=14:9%20aspect%20ratio | 14:9 aspect ratio
14:9 aspect ratio
14:9 is a compromise aspect ratio of 1.56:1. It is used to create an acceptable picture on both and televisions, conceived following audience tests conducted by the BBC. It has been used by most UK, Irish, French, Spanish and Australian terrestrial analogue networks, and in the United States on Discovery Networks' HD simulcast channels with programming and advertising originally compiled in 4:3. Note that 14:9 is not a shooting format; 14:9 material is almost always derived from either a 16:9 or 4:3 shot, and no televisions have ever been made in 14:9.
# Usage.
### 9 material.
A common usage is for material shot in 16:9 format. During production, the important action is | 6,141,173 |
1643227 | 14:9 aspect ratio | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=14:9%20aspect%20ratio | 14:9 aspect ratio
kept within the centre of the picture, known as the 14:9 safe area. When the material is broadcast in a 4:3 format (such as for analog television), the sides of the image are cropped to 14:9 and narrow black bars are added to the top and bottom. It is considered that viewers who are not used to wide-screen will find this less distracting than the letterbox format that would result from broadcasting the full 16:9 picture in analogue, while still seeing more of the picture than would be visible if cropped into 4:3. When the same material is broadcast in 16:9 (such as for digital television) the full 16:9 frame is left intact, but auxiliary signals tell the receiver that the picture is suitable | 6,141,174 |
1643227 | 14:9 aspect ratio | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=14:9%20aspect%20ratio | 14:9 aspect ratio
for cropping to 14:9 if necessary (for example, when the receiver is connected to a 4:3 display).
The major benefit in shooting 16:9 with protection for 14:9 (rather than 4:3) is improving the usable screen real-estate for titles, logos and scrolling text. The visible enhancement is significant due to the restrictive requirements of overscan. When shooting in 16:9 for potential 4:3 distribution the "Shoot And Protect" method (from the BBC's "Widescreen Book") is employed. As the name suggests footage is shot in 16:9 but important visual information is protected inside the 14:9 or 4:3 safe areas.
### 3 material.
Another use is for material shot on a 4:3 format. When broadcast in 16:9, the | 6,141,175 |
1643227 | 14:9 aspect ratio | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=14:9%20aspect%20ratio | 14:9 aspect ratio
top and bottom of the original frame are cropped to 14:9, and black bars (called pillarboxes) are added to either side. When broadcast in 4:3, the 14:9 crop is often used in preference to the original 4:3 frame. This is especially common when 4:3 footage needs to be included in an otherwise 16:9 program, such as a news broadcast, and was used in the 2000s by the BBC's children's channels (CBBC & CBeebies) to broadcast older children's programming shot in 4:3 (e.g. ageing schools programming) on a larger proportion of a 16:9 screen. In the case of the BBC's children's channels, additional graphics are added to the pillarbox area instead of leaving it black.
## Adoption by TV channels.
Viacom | 6,141,176 |
1643227 | 14:9 aspect ratio | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=14:9%20aspect%20ratio | 14:9 aspect ratio
International Media Networks Europe uses 14:9 for its music videos that are in 4:3. Nearly all of VIMN Europe's music channels around Europe (with the exception of VH1 Classic and the now-defunct MTV Classic Italy) transitioned to widescreen from 2011 until 2014, all of the 4:3 music videos are cropped to 14:9.
JimJam also uses 14:9 for reruns of classic children's programming as well.
### Philippines.
CNN Philippines was the first Philippine TV channel to air in widescreen format (albeit in 14:9) until March 2017, when it was later transitioned to 16:9.
### UK.
In the UK, most channels broadcast in 16:9, but some channels such as Nickelodeon also use 14:9. On these channels, the 14:9 cropping | 6,141,177 |
1643227 | 14:9 aspect ratio | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=14:9%20aspect%20ratio | 14:9 aspect ratio
is used on adverts and shows which were produced in 16:9, such as "House of Anubis", "iCarly", "Victorious" and "Big Time Rush", to present a more consistent output. Nickelodeon (UK & Ireland), along with its sister channels Nick Jr. (UK & Ireland) and Nicktoons (UK & Ireland), were the only children's channels that were not shown in 16:9, but made the switch in 2013 (With NickToons remaining in 4:3 until February 2017). The HD channel, Nickelodeon HD was already shown in 16:9 before this, with 4:3 programming shown in the pillarbox effect.
### United States.
Because 14:9 is not widely used in the United States, pillarboxing and stretching are commonly used in the United States (stretching | 6,141,178 |
1643227 | 14:9 aspect ratio | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=14:9%20aspect%20ratio | 14:9 aspect ratio
is primarily used by Turner's Flexview). Only the HD simulcast channels of Discovery Networks used 14:9 for its previous episodes of their productions. Weigel Broadcasting uses 14:9 extensively as a compromise format on older shows without widescreen versions airing on their networks, including Decades, Heroes & Icons, MeTV and Start TV. Some television networks use it on a more selective basis, with AMC and Sundance TV using it when showing episodes of M*A*S*H.
### Argentina.
It is also used on the ISDB-Tb HD service of the Argentinian public television, TV Pública, in order to adjust their old programs and 4:3 SD studio cameras to 16:9 format.
### Portugal.
The public broadcaster RTP used | 6,141,179 |
1643227 | 14:9 aspect ratio | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=14:9%20aspect%20ratio | 14:9 aspect ratio
the 14:9 format to convert 16:9 broadcasts to the 4:3 format it still used until 2013 (for the majority of the programs broadcast). However, since June 8, 2012, they began to broadcast 16:9 material in its original aspect ratio, with the correct flag, thus ending the broadcasts featuring the 14:9 format and since January 2013, the majority of broadcasts are in 16:9 (since late 2017 downscaled from the native HD feed).
Private broadcaster TVI started using the 14:9 format in August 2012 to broadcast 16:9 material instead of using 4:3 Pan & Scan, as they refused to broadcast in 16:9. However, on October 3, 2015, it began to broadcast in full widescreen.
# Mathematics.
The aspect ratio of 14:9 | 6,141,180 |
1643227 | 14:9 aspect ratio | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=14:9%20aspect%20ratio | 14:9 aspect ratio
spect ratio of 14:9 (1.555...) is the arithmetic mean (average) of 16:9 and 4:3 (12:9), formula_1. More practically, it is approximately the geometric mean (the precise geometric mean is formula_2), and in this sense is mathematically a compromise between these two aspect ratios: two equal area pictures (at 16:9 and 4:3) will intersect in a box with aspect ratio the geometric mean, as demonstrated in the image at top (14:9 is just slightly wider than the intersection). In this way 14:9 balances the needs of both 16:9 and 4:3, cropping or distorting both about equally. Similar considerations were used in by the SMPTE, which balanced 2.35 and 4:3.
# See also.
- Shoot and protect
- Pillarbox | 6,141,181 |
1643215 | Codex Claromontanus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Codex%20Claromontanus | Codex Claromontanus
Codex Claromontanus
Codex Claromontanus, symbolized by D or 06 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), δ 1026 (von Soden), is a Greek-Latin diglot uncial manuscript of the New Testament, written in an uncial hand on vellum. The Greek and Latin texts are on facing pages, thus it is a ""diglot"" manuscript, like Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis. The Latin text is designated by "d" (traditional system) or by 75 in Beuron system.
# Description.
The codex contains the Pauline epistles on 533 leaves, . The text is written in one column per page, 21 lines per page. At least 9 different correctors worked on this codex. The fourth corrector, from the 9th century, added accents and breathings.
The codex is dated | 6,141,182 |
1643215 | Codex Claromontanus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Codex%20Claromontanus | Codex Claromontanus
palaeographically to the 5th or 6th century.
The "Codex Claromontanus" contains further documents:
- A stichometric catalogue of the Old Testament and New Testament canon, known as the "Catalogus Claromontanus", of uncertain date, has been inserted in the codex. The list omits "Philippians", "1" and "2 Thessalonians", and "Hebrews", but includes several works no longer considered canonical: "Epistle of Barnabas", "The Shepherd of Hermas", "Acts of Paul", and "Revelation of Peter". The two epistles of Peter are listed as if they were epistles of Paul to Peter (""ad Petrum""). The Epistle to the Hebrews follows after this catalogue.
- Two palimpsest leaves (nos. 162 and 163) are overwritten | 6,141,183 |
1643215 | Codex Claromontanus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Codex%20Claromontanus | Codex Claromontanus
on fragments of the "Phaethon" of Euripides, faintly legible under the Christian text. They have been detached from the codex and in the Bibliothèque nationale de France are designated Cod. Gr. 107 B.
# Text.
The Greek text of this codex is highly valued by critics as representing an early form of the text in the Western text-type, characterized by frequent interpolations and, to a lesser extent, interpretive revisions presented as corrections to this text. Modern critical editions of the New Testament texts are produced by an eclectic method, where the preferred reading is determined on a case-by-case basis, from among numerous variants offered by the early manuscripts and versions.
In this | 6,141,184 |
1643215 | Codex Claromontanus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Codex%20Claromontanus | Codex Claromontanus
process, "Claromontanus" is often employed as a sort of "outside mediator" in collating the more closely related, that is mutually dependent, codices containing the Pauline epistles: Codex Alexandrinus, Codex Vaticanus, Codex Sinaiticus, and Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus. In a similar way, Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis is used in establishing the history of texts of the Gospels and "Acts".
The text is written colometrically and the order of the epistles to the Colossians and Philippians has been reversed compared to other texts. Kurt Aland placed the text of the codex in Category II.
In Romans 1:8 it has textual variant περι (along with א A B C K 33 81 1506 1739 1881), but a corrector changed this | 6,141,185 |
1643215 | Codex Claromontanus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Codex%20Claromontanus | Codex Claromontanus
into υπερ, as in G Ψ Byz.
In Romans 8:1 it reads Ιησου (as א, B, G, 1739, 1881, it, cop, eth); corrector b changed it into Ιησου κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν (as A, Ψ, 81, 629, 2127, vg); corrector c changed it into Ιησου μη κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν αλλα κατα πνευμα (as א, K, P, 33, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, (436 omit μη), 456, 614, 630, 1241, 1877, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect).
In Romans 12:11 it reads καιρω for κυριω, the reading of the manuscript is supported by Codex Augiensis, Codex Boernerianus 5 it , Origen. The second corrector changed it into κυριω.
In Romans 15:31 it reads δωροφορια for διακονια; the reading is supported by Codex Vaticanus and Codex Boernerianus (Greek column).
In | 6,141,186 |
1643215 | Codex Claromontanus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Codex%20Claromontanus | Codex Claromontanus
1 Corinthians 7:5 it reads τη προσευχη ("prayer") along with formula_1, formula_1, א*, A, B, C, D, G, P, Ψ, 33, 81, 104, 181, 629, 630, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, it vg, cop, arm, eth. Other manuscripts read τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη ("fasting and prayer") or τη προσευχη και νηστεια ("prayer and fasting").
The section 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 is placed after 1 Cor 14:40, just like other manuscripts of the Western text-type (Augiensis, Boernerianus, 88, it, and some manuscripts of Vulgate).
In 1 Timothy 3:1 it reads ανθρωπινος ("human" or "of a man") — it Ambrosiaster Jerome Augustine Speculum; majority has πιστος ("faithful").
# History.
The Codex is preserved at the Bibliothèque nationale de | 6,141,187 |
1643215 | Codex Claromontanus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Codex%20Claromontanus | Codex Claromontanus
France (Gr. 107), at Paris.
It was named by the Calvinist scholar Theodore Beza because he procured it in the town of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, Oise, in the Picardy region north of Paris. Beza was the first to examine it, and he included notes of some of its readings in his editions of the New Testament. The later history of its use by editors of the Greek New Testament can be found in the links and references.
The manuscript was examined by Johann Jakob Griesbach and Constantin von Tischendorf, who edited the Greek text of the codex. Paul Sabatier edited the Latin text of the codex.
Johann Gottfried Jakob Hermann published in 1821 the palimpsest text of the leaves 162-163.
# See also.
- | 6,141,188 |
1643215 | Codex Claromontanus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Codex%20Claromontanus | Codex Claromontanus
Codex Sangermanensis
- Uncial 0320
- List of New Testament uncials
- List of New Testament Latin manuscripts
- Textual criticism
# Further reading.
- Alexander Souter, "The Original Home of Codex Claromontanus (D )", JTS VI (1904-1905), pp. 240–243.
- Trobisch, David, "The Oldest Extant Editions of the Letters of Paul" 1999 (e-text online).
- Berschin, Walter, "Greek Manuscripts in Western Libraries" ch. 6 of "Greek Letters and the Latin Middle Ages: From Jerome to Nicholas of Cusa": diglot mss in the West.
- "Fac-similés de manuscrits grecs, latins et français du 5e au 14e siècle, exposés dans la Galerie Mazarine" (Paris 1900), Plates III, IV.
# External links.
- The Bibliothèque | 6,141,189 |
1643215 | Codex Claromontanus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Codex%20Claromontanus | Codex Claromontanus
f the Letters of Paul" 1999 (e-text online).
- Berschin, Walter, "Greek Manuscripts in Western Libraries" ch. 6 of "Greek Letters and the Latin Middle Ages: From Jerome to Nicholas of Cusa": diglot mss in the West.
- "Fac-similés de manuscrits grecs, latins et français du 5e au 14e siècle, exposés dans la Galerie Mazarine" (Paris 1900), Plates III, IV.
# External links.
- The Bibliothèque nationale de France has all the images of Codex Claromontanus online
- R. Waltz, Codex Claromontanus D (06), Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Criticism
- Michael D. Marlowe, Bible Research: Codex Claromontanus
- Codex Bezae and Codex Claromontanus
- More information at Earlier Latin Manuscripts | 6,141,190 |
1643250 | Golgi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Golgi | Golgi
Golgi
Golgi may refer to:
- Camillo Golgi (1843–1926), Italian physician and scientist after whom the following terms are named:
- Golgi apparatus (also called the Golgi body, Golgi complex, or dictyosome), an organelle in a eukaryotic cell
- Golgi tendon organ, a proprioceptive sensory receptor organ
- Golgi's method or Golgi stain, a nervous tissue staining technique
- Golgi alpha-mannosidase II, an enzyme
- Golgi cell, a type of interneuron found in the cerebellum
- Golgi I, a nerve cell with a long axon
- Golgi II, a nerve cell with a short or no axon
- Golgi (crater), a lunar impact crater
- Córteno Golgi, an Italian village | 6,141,191 |
1643236 | GXL | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GXL | GXL
GXL
GXL (Graph eXchange Language) is designed to be a standard exchange format for graphs. GXL is an extensible markup language (XML) sublanguage and the syntax is given by an XML document type definition (DTD). This exchange format offers an adaptable and flexible means to support interoperability between graph-based tools.
# Overview.
In particular, GXL was developed to enable interoperability between software reengineering tools and components, such as code extractors (parsers), analyzers and visualizers. GXL allows software reengineers to combine single-purpose tools especially for parsing, source code extraction, architecture recovery, data flow analysis, pointer analysis, program slicing, | 6,141,192 |
1643236 | GXL | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GXL | GXL
query techniques, source code visualization, object recovery, restructuring, refactoring, remodularization, etc., into a single powerful reengineering workbench.
There are two innovative features in GXL that make it well-suited to an exchange format for software data.
- 1. The conceptual data model is a typed, attributed, directed graph. This is not to say that all software data ought to be manipulated as graphs, but rather that they can be exchanged as graphs.
- 2. It can be used to represent instance data as well as schemas for describing the structure of the data. Moreover, the schema can be explicitly stated along with instance data. The structure of graphs exchanged by GXL streams is | 6,141,193 |
1643236 | GXL | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GXL | GXL
given by a schema represented as a Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagram.
Since GXL is a general graph exchange format, it can also be used to interchange any graph-based data, including models between computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools, data between graph transformation systems, or graph visualization tools. GXL includes support for hypergraphs and hierarchical graphs, and can be extended to support other types of graphs.
GXL originated in the merger of GRAph eXchange format (GraX: University of Koblenz, DE) for exchanging typed, attributed, ordered, directed graphs (TGraphs), Tuple Attribute Language (TA: University of Waterloo, CA), and the graph format of the PROGRES | 6,141,194 |
1643236 | GXL | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GXL | GXL
graph rewriting system (University Bw München, DE). Furthermore, GXL includes ideas from exchange formats from reverse engineering, including Relation Partition Algebra (RPA: Philips Research Eindhoven, NL) and Rigi Standard Format (RSF: University of Victoria, CA). The development of GXL was also influenced by various formats used in graph drawing (e.g. daVinci, Graph Modelling Language (GML), Graphlet, GraphXML) and current discussions on exchange formats for graph transformation systems.
# Presentations of former GXL versions.
At the 2000 International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2000) Workshop on Standard Exchange Formats (WoSEF), GXL was accepted as working draft for an exchange | 6,141,195 |
1643236 | GXL | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GXL | GXL
format by numerous research groups working in the domain of software reengineering and graph transformation.
During the APPLIGRAPH Subgroup Meeting on Exchange Formats for Graph Transformation, an overview of GXL was given [Schürr, 2000] and participants decided to use GXL to represent graphs within their exchange format for graph transformation systems (GTXL).
The 2000 IBM Centers for Advanced Studies Conference (CASCON 2000) included two half-day workshops on GXL. In the morning, 'Software Data Interchange with GXL: Introduction and Tutorial' gave a primer on the syntax and concepts in the format, while the afternoon workshop, 'Software Data Interchange with GXL: Implementation Issues' discussed | 6,141,196 |
1643236 | GXL | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GXL | GXL
the development of converters and standard schemas.
At the Seventh Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (WCRE 2000), GXL was presented in a tutorial [Holt "et al.", 2000] and during the workshop on exchange formats [Holt/Winter, 2000]. Central results were a simpler representation of ordering information, the usage of UML class diagrams to present graph schemata and the representation of UML class diagrams by GXL graphs.
The Dagstuhl Seminar on Interoperability of Reengineering Tools ratified GXL 1.0 as a standard interchange format for exchanging reengineering related data. Numerous groups from industry and research committed to using GXL, to import and export GXL documents to their | 6,141,197 |
1643236 | GXL | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GXL | GXL
tools, and to write various GXL tools.
# GXL Partners.
During various conferences and workshops the following groups from industry and academics committed to refining GXL to be the standard graph exchange format, write GXL filters and tools or use GXL as exchange format in their tools:
- Bell Canada (Datrix Group)
- Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), The Netherlands (Interactive Software Development and Renovation and Information Visualization)
- IBM Centre for Advanced Studies, Canada
- Mahindra British Telecom, India
- Merlin Software-Engineering GmbH, Germany
- Nokia Research Center, Finland (Software Technology Laboratory)
- Philips Research, The Netherlands (Software Architecture | 6,141,198 |
1643236 | GXL | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GXL | GXL
Group)
- RWTH Aachen, Germany (Department of Computer Science III)
- TU Berlin, Germany (Theoretical CS/Formal Specification Group)
- University of Berne, Switzerland (Software Composition Group)
- Bundeswehr University Munich, Germany (Institute for Software Technology)
- University of Edinburgh, UK, (Edinburgh Concurrency Workbench)
- University of Koblenz, Germany (GUPRO Group)
- University of Oregon, USA (Department of Computer Science)
- University of Paderborn, Germany (AG Softwaretechnik)
- University of Stuttgart, Germany (BAUHAUS Group)
- University of Szeged, Hungary (Research Group on Artificial Intelligence)
- University of Toronto, Canada (Software Architecture Group)
- | 6,141,199 |
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