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1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
Panzer Lehr Division
The Panzer-Lehr-Division was an elite German armoured division during World War II. It was formed in 1943 onwards from training and demonstration troops ("Lehr" = "teach") stationed in Germany, to provide additional armored strength for the anticipated Allied invasion of western Europe. It was the only Wehrmacht Panzer division to be fully equipped with tanks and with halftracks to transport its mechanized infantry. On several occasions it fought almost to destruction, in particular during Operation Cobra, and by the end of the war in Europe bore little resemblance to the unit that had originally been activated.
# History.
## Formation.
Panzer Lehr began forming in 30 | 6,141,400 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
December 1943 and moved to the Nancy–Verdun area in January 1944 to complete the process. It was formed from several elite training and demonstration units. Most of the division's original cadre was drawn from Panzertruppenschule I and Panzertruppenschule II, the Panzerwaffe's major training units. These training and demonstration units were some of the most experienced and highly trained troops in the Panzerwaffe, with almost all having seen combat in the East, North Africa, Sicily or Italy and many having received decorations for bravery. As a result of this, Panzer Lehr was considered an elite unit from the time of its formation.
In early 1944, Panzer Lehr was transferred to Hungary for | 6,141,401 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
further training as well to serve in Operation Margarethe, the occupation of the country by German forces. The division absorbed the 901st "Panzergrenadier-Lehr-Regiment" while there. It then returned to France to await the Allied invasion as a part of the OKW's armored reserve, along with the I SS Panzer Corps and the 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division Gotz von Berlichingen. These units could be released only with Adolf Hitler's personal authorization.
Panzer Lehr's panzer regiment had a battalion each of Panther and Panzer IV available. Moreover, all the battalions in both "panzergrenadier" regiments were transported by tracked, armored vehicles, such as the Sd.Kfz. 251 halftrack. This is in | 6,141,402 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
contrast to ordinary Wehrmacht panzer divisions, where only the first battalion in the first panzergrenadier regiment was equipped with halftracks, with the remaining battalions equipped with trucks. The division's engineer and reconnaissance formations were also equipped with armored vehicles, the armored reconnaissance battalion having a company of the new Sd.Kfz 234/2 "Puma" armored cars. The division's panzer regiment also had the "316. Funklenk-Panzerkompanie" (abbreviated "1./s.Pz. Kp. 'Funklenk' 316") ("316th Remote Control Panzer company") attached while in Normandy; this company was originally equipped with ten Tiger I tanks, and was allocated the first five of the new Tiger II tanks | 6,141,403 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
that are not used in Normandy since it broke down en route and been replaced by 9 Sturmgeschütz self-propelled guns, which fought at Tilly and St. Lo until destroyed, at which point the 316th Company was disbanded. The division's panzer regiment had a total complement of 208 operating tanks and assault guns (10 Panzer III, 9 StuG III, 97 Panzer IV, 86 Panthers and 6 Tigers) as of 6 June 1944 plus nine tanks and assault guns under repair (1 Panzer III, 1 StuG III, 2 Panzer IV, 3 Panthers and 2 Tigers). It also had 31 Jagdpanzer IV in its Panzerjäger battalion. Another unique feature of this formation was that its panzergrenadiers were, for a large part, dressed in the grey, short, double-breasted | 6,141,404 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
tunic similar to the one worn by "Sturmgeschütze" units, instead of the standard M1942 tunic worn by other German Army ("Heer") units.
## Normandy.
### The Caen battles.
When the Western Allies launched the amphibious invasion of Normandy on 6 June 1944, Panzer Lehr, as a part of the strategic armored reserve (Panzer Group West), was held back from the fighting during the crucial first days. It was soon released, reached the front, and was committed to battle against the British and Canadians on June 8. It was placed in the front line adjacent to the 12th SS "Hitlerjugend" Division, where it defended Caen and fought several British offensives to a standstill.
On 13 June 1944, an attack by | 6,141,405 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
the 22nd Armoured brigade group of the British 7th Armoured Division outflanked Panzer Lehr's defences around Tilly-sur-Seulles and cut through the German lines, taking the village of Villers-Bocage and threatening Panzer Lehr's rear. Elements of Panzer Lehr, the 2nd Panzer Division, and the 101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion were committed to defeating the British penetration. The ensuing Battle of Villers-Bocage saw the British withdraw to their start lines after two days of inconclusive fighting. By 17 June, Panzer Lehr had been forced to withdraw.
Like all German armoured units engaged in Normandy, Panzer Lehr suffered heavy losses in its transport from Allied air attacks. By the end of June, | 6,141,406 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
the division's armoured component was severely depleted. Despite this, it continued to hold against the British and Commonwealth forces, engaging in heavy fighting near the town of Tilly-sur-Seulles.
By the end of June, the Panzer Lehr Division had suffered 2,972 casualties and reported the loss of 51 tanks and assault guns, 82 halftracks and 294 other vehicles.
### The Saint-Lô battles.
On 1 July, Panzer Lehr had only 36 operational Panzer IV tanks (additional 29 in short term repair and 10 in long term repair); 32 operational Panther tanks (additional 26 in short term repair and 8 in long term repair) and 28 operational Jagdpanzer and Sturmgeschutz (9 more in short term repair and 1 in | 6,141,407 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
long term repair). On 7 July, the division was ordered to pull out of Tilly-sur-Seules and head west to provide support to the divisions resisting the American advance near Saint-Lô. The area around Saint-Lô consists of small fields with high ancient hedgerows and sunken lanes, known as "bocage". The bocage made it extremely difficult for armor to maneuver and provided superb defensive positions to the infantry on both sides of the battle.
On 10 July, Panzer-Lehr launched a counterattack against elements of the American 9th and 30th infantry divisions around the village of Le Dézert. American M10 tank destroyers knocked out 30 of the Panzer Lehr's tanks and forced the remaining tanks to withdraw | 6,141,408 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
over the Vire Canal to relative safety.
Over the next two weeks, the division fought a defensive battle of attrition. On 19 July, Saint-Lô fell to the Americans. Six days later, the Americans launched Operation "Cobra", their breakout from the Normandy lodgment. By that time, the division had only 2,200 combat troops remaining and 12 Panzer IV and 16 Panthers fit for action and 30 tanks in various states of repair behind the lines. The operation was preceded by a massive aerial bombardment by over 1,500 allied bombers. Panzer Lehr was directly in the path of attack and the division suffered about 1,000 casualties during this bombardment. The division also lost at least 14 assault guns and 10 | 6,141,409 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
tanks. Despite strong initial resistance, by 27 July the German defenses has been penetrated. On the same day, Bayerlein reported that Panzer Lehr was "finally annihilated."
On 1 August, the Panzer Lehr had 33 tanks and assault guns operational and a further 44 in workshops. and so on August 17 after a fighting withdrawal, it was ordered back to Alençon for rest and refitting. The division was subsequently called back to Germany for rest and refitting. During August, the division suffered 1,468 casualties.
Within seven months of its formation, the division was reduced to a combat-ineffective unit with only 20 remaining tanks. At one point, in September, it consisted only of a panzer grenadier | 6,141,410 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
battalion of company strength, an engineer company, six 105mm howitzers, five tanks, a reconnaissance platoon, and an Alarmbataillon (emergency alert battalion) of about 200 men recruited from stragglers and soldiers on furlough in Trier. After spending a month refitting in the Saar, the division was moved to Paderborn, receiving 72 tanks, 21 assault guns and replacements, to compensate for the losses suffered in Normandy.
## The Ardennes.
### Operation "Wacht am Rhein".
In early November, Panzer Lehr was transferred to Hasso von Manteuffel's Fifth Panzer Army, part of Field Marshal Walter Model's Army Group B in preparation for the planned winter offensive, Operation "Wacht am Rhein", commonly | 6,141,411 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
known as the Battle of the Bulge. On 21 November, the partially refitted Panzer Lehr was ordered out of its assembly area to counterattack the American forces driving towards the Saverne Gap. At that time, it has a strength of 34 Panzer IV and 38 Panther tanks. The counterattack stalled, and Panzer Lehr was called back out of the line, much reduced in strength.
The time spent refitting Panzer Lehr and several other units which had been committed prematurely meant that the operation had to be delayed. During the run up to the offensive, Panzer Lehr was kept in reserve, along with the "Führer Begleit" Brigade. On 15 December, the day before the offensive began, Panzer Lehr was still severely | 6,141,412 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
understrength, with only one of its two tank battalions ready for action, the other restored to its parent unit, the 3rd Panzer Division. Both of its panzergrenadier regiments were at 80 percent of its authorized strength. It had only 57 tanks (30 Panthers and 27 Panzer IV) and 20 Jagdpanzer IV/70's by the time the attack jumped off. In compensation, it was reinforced by two tank destroyer battalions and an assault gun brigade. The division's armored reconnaissance battalion was its only organic unit up to strength.
"Wacht am Rhein" opened on 16 December 1944, and Panzer Lehr moved out from the start positions in the center of the German line. The 26th Volksgrenadier Division was to clear the | 6,141,413 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
way for the division, but they soon became bogged down and the "Panzer Lehr" found itself moving forward at a crawl. The situation worsened over the next two days, with the 901st Panzergrenadier Regiment being halted by the Americans along the road to Wiltz, and the 902nd encountering heavy resistance in the town of Hosingen.
### Bastogne.
On 18 December, the assault got back underway. The 26th Volksgrenadier Division had secured the bridge over the Clerf River, opening the way to the road and rail-hub of Bastogne. Panzer Lehr's armored reconnaissance battalion raced ahead, attacking towards Wiltz before rejoining the division on the route to Bastogne. The horse-drawn 26th Volksgrenadier had | 6,141,414 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
gotten itself mixed up in Panzer Lehr's column, greatly slowing the advance.
On the 19th, the division's panzer regiment ran into a roadblock near Neffe, held by troops of Combat Team Cherry of the U.S. 10th Armored Division. After initial success, Panzer Lehr's follow up attack resulted in heavy casualties. Combat Team Cherry pulled out, and the way to Bastogne was open again. However, the majority of the division's armor had been sent north to Mageret to support 26th Volksgrenadier. After the taking of Mageret, a local informed Bayerlein, the division's commander, that a column of about 50 American tanks and infantry was seen moving to Longvilly. Bayerlein ordered his troops to halt and set | 6,141,415 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
up a roadblock, giving him a chance to regroup and reorganize his troops. By the time that Panzer Lehr moved out again and reached the town of Bastogne, the US 101st Airborne Division (Screaming Eagles) had already secured it. Panzer Lehr was then divided, with half the division left to help 26th Volksgrenadier Division capture Bastogne, while the rest of the division, including most of its armor, were to continue on to the Meuse.
Over the next few days, the "Kampfgruppe" helping 26th Volksgrenadier, made up mostly of the 901st Panzergrenadier Regiment, wore itself out in successive attacks on the town of Bastogne. As the remainder of the division sped east, it enjoyed some minor successes, | 6,141,416 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
including the capture of a large American convoy, but it was brought to a halt by fierce resistance near St. Hubert, and was soon drawn into heavy fighting south of Bastogne. On the 21st, Manteuffel pulled Panzer Lehr out of the fight for Bastogne and grouped it with the 2nd Panzer Division and 116th Panzer Division "Windhund" for an assault on Dinant and the Meuse.
### Assault on Dinant.
After a day spent on reorganising the attack, Panzer Lehr finally got underway. It fought its way through St. Hubert and the road to Dinant and the Meuse again seemed open. On the approach to Rochefort, the next town on the road to Dinant, Bayerlein, who was leading his division's vanguard in person, shouted | 6,141,417 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
to his men -
The assaulting unit, the 902nd Panzergrenadier Regiment, was met by a wall of fire. Nor was the advance to become any easier thereafter. On 23 December, the division fought all day to reduce the town of Rochefort, suffering heavy casualties. The Americans finally withdrew – their only casualties 25 men killed and 15 men wounded, after holding off an elite panzer division for an entire day.
Bayerlein later compared the defence of Rochefort to that of Bastogne. Panzer Lehr made two rescue attempts to save 2nd Panzer and succeeded in retaking Humain, but unable to go any further. After another failed rescue effort by 9th Panzer, Panzer Lehr was ordered to fall back. Of the 2nd Panzer | 6,141,418 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
"Kampfgruppe", only Major Cochenhausen and 600 or so of his men managed to escape on foot, abandoning almost all of the division's armor to the advancing Allies. The Meuse would not be reached; "Wacht Am Rhein" had failed.
### Relief of Bastogne.
The remnants of Manteuffel's strike force were pulled back for one final attempt to take Bastogne. Panzer Lehr began to move into its new positions, after US 4th Armored Division, the spearhead of George Patton's US Third Army, began its attack to relieve Bastogne and a corridor to the surrounded 101st Airborne was created. Panzer Lehr was then involved in the unsuccessful operations to close the corridor, and finally the exhausted division was pulled | 6,141,419 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
out of the battle. Panzer Lehr had once again been virtually annihilated.
## The Netherlands to Ruhr Pocket.
After the failure of the Ardennes offensive, Panzer Lehr was refitted once again, though not to anywhere near the lavish standard of its earlier incarnations. Many of the veterans were dead, and the Panzer Lehr of early 1945 bore little resemblance to that of June 1944.
The division was moved north, into the Rhineland, where it was engaged fighting Bernard Montgomery's Anglo-Canadian 21st Army Group again during Operation "Veritable", serving under the First Parachute Army. The Panzer Lehr saw very heavy fighting, and again sustained heavy losses. By 15 March, Panzer Lehr had only | 6,141,420 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
6 Panzer IVs, 29 Panthers and 14 Jagdpanzer IVs available. When the U.S. 9th Armored Division captured the Ludendorff Bridge at Remagen, Panzer Lehr was sent to crush the bridgehead. The attack was unsuccessful. The Allies' ground and air superiority inflicted heavy casualties on the division. By then, it was reduced to just 300 men and 15 tanks. Engaged in a fighting retreat across northwestern Germany, the division was trapped in the Ruhr Pocket and the remnants of the once powerful division were taken prisoner by the US 99th Infantry Division on 15 April.
# Order of battle.
- "Panzer-Lehr-Regiment 130
- "Panzergrenadier-Lehr-Regiment 901"
- "Panzergrenadier-Lehr-Regiment 902"
- "Panzer-Artillerie-Regiment | 6,141,421 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
130"
- "Feldersatz-Bataillon 130"
- "Panzeraufklärungs-Lehr-Abteilung 130"
- "Heeres-Flak-Artillerie-Abteilung 311"
- "Panzerjäger-Abteilung 130"
- "Panzer-Lehr-Pionier-Bataillon 130"
- "Panzernachrichten-Abteilung 130"
- "Panzer-Versorgungstruppen 130"
# Bibliography.
- Books
- Blumenson, Martin "Breakout and Pursuit (Publication 7-5)". Retrieved May 3, 2016.
- Clarke, Jeffrey J. "Riviera to the Rhine (Publication 7-10)". Retrieved May 9, 2016.
- Cole, Hugh M. "The Lorraine Campaign (Publication 7-6)". Retrieved July 24, 2016.
- Cole, Hugh M. "The Ardennes: Battle of the Bulge (Publication 7-8)". Retrieved April 13, 2005.
- Harrison, Gordon A. "The Cross Channel Attack (Publication | 6,141,422 |
1643319 | Panzer Lehr Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panzer%20Lehr%20Division | Panzer Lehr Division
ngstruppen 130"
# Bibliography.
- Books
- Blumenson, Martin "Breakout and Pursuit (Publication 7-5)". Retrieved May 3, 2016.
- Clarke, Jeffrey J. "Riviera to the Rhine (Publication 7-10)". Retrieved May 9, 2016.
- Cole, Hugh M. "The Lorraine Campaign (Publication 7-6)". Retrieved July 24, 2016.
- Cole, Hugh M. "The Ardennes: Battle of the Bulge (Publication 7-8)". Retrieved April 13, 2005.
- Harrison, Gordon A. "The Cross Channel Attack (Publication 7-4)". Retrieved December 30, 2015.
- MacDonald, Charles B. "The Siegfried Line Campaign (Publication 7-7)". Retrieved July 17, 2015.
- MacDonald, Charles B. "The Last Offensive (Publication 7-9)". Retrieved January 17, 2016.
- Websites | 6,141,423 |
1643366 | Ciqikou, Chongqing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciqikou,%20Chongqing | Ciqikou, Chongqing
Ciqikou, Chongqing
Ciqikou () is an ancient town in the Shapingba District of Chongqing Municipality, People's Republic of China. It was originally called Longyinzhen () and was also known as Little Chongqing.
According to an old Chinese proverb: "One flagstone road, and one thousand years' Ciqikou". The name of the town can be traced back to porcelain production during the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing Dynasties. Formerly a busy port located at the lower reaches of the Jialing River, a thousand years after its foundation the town remains a symbol and microcosm of old Chongqing (Jiang Zhou).
# Location.
Ciqikou is located on the west bank of the Jialing River and covers an area of . Three mountains, | 6,141,424 |
1643366 | Ciqikou, Chongqing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciqikou,%20Chongqing | Ciqikou, Chongqing
Mount Jingbi, Mount Fenghuang and Mount Ma'an lie in Ciqikou, whilst Fenghuang Quan and Qinshui Quan run across it. The geography of Ciqikou is considered to have perfect Fengshui by the local people.
# History.
According to historical records, Ciqikou was first built during the reign of Emperor Zhenzong of Song (r. 998–1004). It gained prominence during the Ming Dynasty as a commercial port and market town, shipping goods both by land and water. Reaching its climax during the end of the Qing Dynasty, the town has been described poetically, in Ciqikou, as "one thousand people greet each other during day ... ten thousand lamps flicker at night".
# Ciqikou today.
Travelers to Chongqing and | 6,141,425 |
1643366 | Ciqikou, Chongqing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciqikou,%20Chongqing | Ciqikou, Chongqing
locals alike throng to Ciqikou's steep and narrow pedestrian streets. Shops sell porcelain, other handicrafts, and gifts, while restaurants and tea shops give visitors a look at what many areas of Chongqing were like before the metropolis became the vast urban agglomeration it is today. A 1,500-year-old Buddhist temple straddles the mountain in the middle of the old town.
Ciqikou is the source of Baci culture. Many well-known people lived here during the Second Sino-Japanese War, including Guo Moruo, Xu Beihong, Feng Zikai, Fu Baoshi, Ba Jin, Bing Xin, etc. Ding Zhaozhong, a Chinese-born American scientist, studied here for many years during his childhood.
# Customs.
The ancient town abounds | 6,141,426 |
1643366 | Ciqikou, Chongqing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciqikou,%20Chongqing | Ciqikou, Chongqing
in customs, many of which have lasted till now. These include baibazi, xingbang, family's ancestral temple, Pao Brother, temple fair, dragon dance, dragon boat race, friends of Sichuan opera, chuntai drama as well as pingshu and teahouse culture.
# Food.
Chongqing is known for its wide variety of local food traditions, especially the ubiquitous, spicy "hotpot"; while Ciqikou is one of the best-known places in Chongqing. Jiaoyan Peanut, Maoxuewang, and Qianzhangpi, called the "three treasures of Ciqikou", as well as Douban fish, are the most popular.
# Landmarks.
- Compound of Zhong's ()
This compound is more than 120 years old. It was built by a late Qing Dynasty eunuch by the name of Zhong | 6,141,427 |
1643366 | Ciqikou, Chongqing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciqikou,%20Chongqing | Ciqikou, Chongqing
Yunting (), who served on the staff of the notorious Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing dynasty. Traditional Chinese architectural designs used in both the North and the South are featured in this heritage compound.
- Bayu Dwellings Collection ()
Visitors walking into the hall and courtyard—and across the separation of time and space—of Bayu Dwellings, built of timber, stone and brick, experience an unmistakable sense of peace.
- Bao Lun Buddhist Temple ()
The Jianwen Emperor of the Ming Dynasty spent the rest of his life living at this temple after he was ousted from Beijing and went into exile. The four large Chinese characters "" () hanging on this temple were written by Zhao Puchu (), | 6,141,428 |
1643366 | Ciqikou, Chongqing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciqikou,%20Chongqing | Ciqikou, Chongqing
a famous Chinese calligrapher who served as the president of China's Buddhist Society. The main building at the temple was built 600 years ago during the Ming Dynasty and is characterized by its splendor. The whole building was constructed without using a single nail and is regarded as a miracle in China's architectural history. Buddhist believers flock to this temple to pray and undertake other Buddhist activities year in year out, particularly during China's Spring Festival.
- Han Lin Academy ()
The Han Lin Academy in Ciqikou used to be a school, operated by a sun family during the Qing Dynasty. The family's offspring studied there, and three of them, including two other students, were awarded | 6,141,429 |
1643366 | Ciqikou, Chongqing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciqikou,%20Chongqing | Ciqikou, Chongqing
ist believers flock to this temple to pray and undertake other Buddhist activities year in year out, particularly during China's Spring Festival.
- Han Lin Academy ()
The Han Lin Academy in Ciqikou used to be a school, operated by a sun family during the Qing Dynasty. The family's offspring studied there, and three of them, including two other students, were awarded the Qing Dynasty regime in recognition of their outstanding performance in a national examination organized by the Qing Dynasty's Ministry of Education. In large part due to this reputation, the Han Lin Academy in Ciqikou brought together many local academics and students at the time.
# See also.
- Ciqikou Station (Chongqing) | 6,141,430 |
1643365 | NORFORCE | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NORFORCE | NORFORCE
NORFORCE
The NORFORCE (North-West Mobile Force) is an infantry regiment of the Australian Army Reserve. Formed in 1981, the regiment is one of three Regional Force Surveillance Units (RFSUs) employed in surveillance and reconnaissance of the remote areas of Northern Australia. It consists of a regimental headquarters, four surveillance squadrons, and an operational support squadron and training squadron.
# History.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s the need for a military presence in the north of Australia was recognised, with an integrated land, sea and air surveillance network developed in response. Part of this involved the raising of Australian Army Reserve infantry units known as Regional | 6,141,431 |
1643365 | NORFORCE | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NORFORCE | NORFORCE
Force Surveillance Units (RFSUs) that would act as "eyes and ears" in the north. NORFORCE was raised for operations in the Northern Territory and the Kimberley region of Northern Australia and was formed as an independent company on 1 July 1981, from the 7th Independent Rifle Company, and was based in Darwin under the command of Lieutenant Colonel John George. This unit was renamed as the North-West Mobile Force, or NORFORCE, in 1981. Meanwhile, in 1985 two more RFSUs were raised, with the Pilbara Regiment established in Western Australia, and the 51st Battalion, Far North Queensland Regiment established in Cape York, in Far North Queensland.
The regiment's lineage goes back to 2/1st North | 6,141,432 |
1643365 | NORFORCE | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NORFORCE | NORFORCE
Australia Observer Unit (2/1 NAOU) (also known as the "Nackaroos"), which were formed in 1942 as part of the defence of northern Australia from the Japanese during the Second World War, performing reconnaissance, scouting and coastal surveillance tasks across the Kimberley and the Northern Territory's sea and air approaches. However, patrols were reduced in July 1943 as the Japanese threat subsided, and the unit was disbanded in 1945. Due to the similarities between the two units and in order to give NORFORCE an identity it was decided that it would perpetuate the 2/1 NAOU traditions, and as such NORFORCE officially adopted the 2/1 NAOU's orange and green 'double diamond' colour patch and its | 6,141,433 |
1643365 | NORFORCE | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NORFORCE | NORFORCE
unit heritage upon formation.
NORFORCE also shares its heritage with a number of other units raised during the Second World War, including the Darwin Mobile Force, from which NORFORCE derives its name, and the Northern Territory Special Reconnaissance Unit which performed a similar role to the 2/1 NAOU and pioneered the enlistment and training of regionally based Aboriginal soldiers, mainly from Arnhem Land. The Darwin Mobile Force was raised in 1939, originally as an artillery unit due to restrictions of the "Defence Act (1903)" which prohibited the establishment of permanent infantry forces, and was the first Permanent Military Force unit to be raised in the Army. The unit was tasked with | 6,141,434 |
1643365 | NORFORCE | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NORFORCE | NORFORCE
the surveillance and protection of the Darwin region. It was renamed the Darwin Infantry Battalion in 1942 and the 19th Battalion in 1943, and subsequently saw service during the New Guinea campaign.
During its formative years between 1981 and 1985 the regiment consisted of two reconnaissance squadrons, with the 1st Reconnaissance Squadron responsible for the Northern Territory and the 2nd Reconnaissance Squadron responsible for the Kimberley region in Western Australia. In early 1986 the alpha-numeric designations gave way to geographic names, with 1 Squadron being redesignated Darwin Squadron and 2 Squadron becoming Kimberley Squadron. Further growth of the unit saw Centre Squadron and Arnhem | 6,141,435 |
1643365 | NORFORCE | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NORFORCE | NORFORCE
Squadron also being raised in 1986. Each of the regional reconnaissance squadrons has its own AO, and is further divided into a number of "troops", each of which consists of a number of "patrols". Darwin Squadron is based a Larrakeyah Barracks in Darwin and has maintained a presence in Daly River, Jabiru, Katherine, Maningrida and Wadeye, and on Bathurst, Crocker, Goulburn and Melville islands. The Kimberly Squadron is headquartered in Broome, with elements based in Argyle, Derby, Kalumburu, Kununarra, Bidyadanga and Wyndham. Arnhem Squadron is responsible for the eastern Northern Territory with its headquarters in Nhulunbuy, and elements at Lake Evella, Milingimbi, Ngukurr, Numbulwar and Ramingining, | 6,141,436 |
1643365 | NORFORCE | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NORFORCE | NORFORCE
and on Elcho Island and Groote Eylandt. Centre Squadron operates from the South Australian border northwards, including the main regional centres of Alice Springs and Tennant Creek, the sparse Barkly Tableland, and north to the Robinson River and Borroloola.
The regiment is now a fully integrated unit consisting of a cadre of about 65 regular personnel supporting 435 Reservists. Regimental Headquarters is at Larrakeyah Barracks in Darwin, while its area of operation (AO) covers 1.8 million square kilometres, encompassing the entire Northern Territory and the Kimberley region of Western Australia; the largest of any military unit in the world today. An operational support squadron and training | 6,141,437 |
1643365 | NORFORCE | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NORFORCE | NORFORCE
squadron are also based in Darwin. Borrowing the concept of different "skin" groups to differentiate clans, members of NORFORCE are also known as "Green skins". The primary role of the regiment is reconnaissance, observation and the collection of military intelligence. In the unlikely event of an invasion of northern Australia, NORFORCE and the other RFSUs would operate in a "stay-behind" capacity. Sixty percent of NORFORCE personnel are Aboriginal soldiers, drawn mainly from the area they patrol to draw on local knowledge. This has resulted in great trust for the regiment among Aboriginal communities.
Patrols can be inserted and extracted from the area of operations by small boat, airlifted | 6,141,438 |
1643365 | NORFORCE | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NORFORCE | NORFORCE
by helicopter or light aircraft, drive in using a range of vehicles, or on foot. Due to their operational role the RFSUs have a high priority for allocation of equipment. Equipment includes F-88 Steyr rifles, F-89 Minimi light support weapons, MAG 58 machine-guns, grenades, M18-A1 Claymore anti-personnel mines, Raven radios, specialised binoculars and telescopes, night vision equipment, cameras and advanced GPS satellite navigation systems. Vehicles include a variant of the Land Rover Perentie known the Regional Forces Surveillance Vehicle (RFSV), motorcycles, Zodiac inflatable boats, and aluminum boats. In the future the RFSVs will be replaced by Mercedes-Benz G-Wagon 6×6 Surveillance Reconnaissance | 6,141,439 |
1643365 | NORFORCE | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NORFORCE | NORFORCE
Vehicles (SRV).
NORFORCE has the distinction of being granted the Freedom of Entry to a city or town on nine occasions, the most of any unit, ship or establishment in the Australian Defence Force. Freedoms of Entry have been granted for Darwin in 1982, Derby in 1983, Alice Springs in 1984, Katherine in 1986, Wyndham in 1986, Broome in 1987, Kununurra in 1990, Tennant Creek in 1994 and most recently Darwin again in 2016. In 2006, the regiment celebrated its 25th birthday by being presented with its first stand of colours. All three RFSUs contribute patrols to Operation Resolute, the Australian Defence Force's contribution to patrolling Australia's Exclusive Economic Zone and coastline. On 1 | 6,141,440 |
1643365 | NORFORCE | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NORFORCE | NORFORCE
to patrolling Australia's Exclusive Economic Zone and coastline. On 1 March 2010, NORFORCE became part of the re-raised 6th Brigade.
On 1 September 2014, NORFORCE came under the command of the 2nd Division. On 4 October 2018, all three RFSUs were grouped together as part of a new formation headquarters, the Regional Force Surveillance Group. The new formation came into being at a parade held at Larrakeyah Barracks in Darwin.
# Current organisation.
As of 2015, NORFORCE comprised:
- Regimental Headquarters
- Arnhem Squadron
- Centre Squadron
- Darwin Squadron
- Kimberley Squadron
- Training Support Squadron
- Operational Support Squadron
# See also.
- Northern Command (Australia) | 6,141,441 |
1643384 | Cedric Smith (statistician) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cedric%20Smith%20(statistician) | Cedric Smith (statistician)
Cedric Smith (statistician)
Cedric Austen Bardell Smith (5 February 1917 – 10 January 2002) was a British statistician and geneticist. Smith was born in Leicester. He was the younger son of John Bardell Smith (1876–1950), a mechanical engineer, and Ada ("née" Horrocks; 1876–1969). He was educated at Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys until 1929, when the family moved to London. His education continued at Bec School, Tooting, for three years, then at University College School, London. In 1935, although having failed his Higher School Certificate, he was awarded an exhibition to Trinity College, Cambridge. He graduated in the Mathematical Tripos, with a First in Part II in 1937 and a Distinction | 6,141,442 |
1643384 | Cedric Smith (statistician) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cedric%20Smith%20(statistician) | Cedric Smith (statistician)
in Part III in 1938. Following graduation he began postgraduate research, taking his Ph.D. in 1942.
# Work on combinatorics.
While a student at Cambridge, Smith became close friends with three other students at Trinity College, R. L. Brooks, A. H. Stone and W. T. Tutte. Together they tackled a number of problems in the mathematical field of combinatorics and devised an imaginary mathematician, 'Blanche Descartes', under which name to publish their work. The group studied dissections of rectangles into squares, especially the 'perfect' squared square, a square that is divided into a number of smaller squares, no two of which are the same size. Publications under the name of 'Blanche Descartes' | 6,141,443 |
1643384 | Cedric Smith (statistician) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cedric%20Smith%20(statistician) | Cedric Smith (statistician)
or 'F. de Carteblanche' continued to appear into the 1980s. The group also published more mainstream articles under their own names, the final one being R.L. Brooks, C.A.B. Smith, A.H. Stone and W.T. Tutte, 'Determinants and current flows in electric networks', Discrete Math., Vol. 100 (1992).
# World War II.
During World War II, as a Quaker and conscientious objector, Smith joined the Friends Relief Service; he worked as a hospital porter at Addenbrooke’s Hospital in Cambridge. Smith’s pacifist views saw him develop an interest in peace studies. Among other responsibilities for the Society of Friends, he was a member of the Quaker Peace Studies Trust which established the chair of Peace Studies | 6,141,444 |
1643384 | Cedric Smith (statistician) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cedric%20Smith%20(statistician) | Cedric Smith (statistician)
at the University of Bradford. Smith was also a founder member (and Chairman) of the Conflict Research Society.
# Post-war career.
In 1946 he was appointed Assistant Lecturer at the Galton Laboratory at University College London. He remained at UCL for the rest of his career, becoming successively Lecturer and Reader, before appointment as Weldon Professor of Biometry in 1964. On his arrival at UCL, Smith was influenced by J. B. S. Haldane, who introduced him to problems of linkage in human genetics in which field he was able to bring his skills as a statistician to bear. He invented some of the mathematical methods used to map human genes. In 1954, he invented the "gene counting" method of | 6,141,445 |
1643384 | Cedric Smith (statistician) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cedric%20Smith%20(statistician) | Cedric Smith (statistician)
inferring gene frequencies from the frequencies of genotypes in populations. This was an early example of the EM Algorithm, over 20 years before its introduction by Dempster, Laird and Rubin. He gave a more general discussion of the gene-counting method and its statistical properties in 1957.
Smith was elected a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society in 1945. He was a member of the Genetical Society (serving as Treasurer), the International Biometric Society (British Region), serving as President 1971–1972, and the International Statistical Institute.
# Other interests.
He was a member of the advisory committee to the Anti-Concorde Project.
# Family.
In 1957 he married Piroska Vermes (1921–2000), | 6,141,446 |
1643384 | Cedric Smith (statistician) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cedric%20Smith%20(statistician) | Cedric Smith (statistician)
rde Project.
# Family.
In 1957 he married Piroska Vermes (1921–2000), known as 'Piri'. They had one son, who survived them. Piri's father, Dr. Paul Vermes (1897–1968), was a Hungarian refugee who became a professional mathematician at the age of 50.
# See also.
- BEST theorem
# References.
- The Detection of Linkage in Human Genetics, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), Vol. 15, No. 2. (1953), pp. 153–192.
# External links.
- E. Thompson: "1953 An unrecognized summit in human genetic linkage analysis" (abstract)
- E. Thompson: "1953 An unrecognized summit in human genetic linkage analysis" (paper)
- Catalogue of the Smith papers held at UCL Archives | 6,141,447 |
1643377 | John Elliott Cairnes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Elliott%20Cairnes | John Elliott Cairnes
John Elliott Cairnes
John Elliott Cairnes (26 December 1823 – 8 July 1875) was an Irish economist. He is often described as the "last of the classical economists".
# Biography.
John Cairnes was born at Castlebellingham, County Louth. He was the son of William Elliott Cairnes (1787–1863) of Stameen, near Drogheda, and Marianne Woolsey, whose mother was the sister of Sir William Bellingham, 1st Baronet of Castlebellingham. John's father decided upon a business career, against the wishes of his mother (Catherine Moore of Moore Hall, Killinchy), and became a partner in the Woolsey Brewery at Castlebellingham. In 1825, William Cairnes started on his own account in Drogheda, making the Drogheda | 6,141,448 |
1643377 | John Elliott Cairnes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Elliott%20Cairnes | John Elliott Cairnes
Brewery an unqualified success. He was remembered for his great business capacity and for the deep interest he took in charity.
After leaving school, John Cairnes spent some years in the counting-house of his father at Drogheda. His tastes, however, lay altogether in the direction of study, and he was permitted to enter Trinity College Dublin, where he took the degree of BA in 1848, and six years later that of M.A. After passing through the curriculum of Arts, he engaged in the study of Law, and was called to the Irish bar. But he felt no very strong inclination for the legal profession, and during some years he occupied himself to a large extent with contributions to the daily press, treating | 6,141,449 |
1643377 | John Elliott Cairnes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Elliott%20Cairnes | John Elliott Cairnes
of the social and economical questions that affected Ireland. He devoted most attention to political economy, which he studied with great thoroughness and care.
While residing in Dublin, he made the acquaintance of Archbishop Whately, who conceived a very high respect for Cairnes' character and abilities. In 1856, a vacancy occurred in the chair of political economy at Dublin, founded by Whately, and Cairnes received the appointment. In accordance with the regulations of the foundation, the lectures of his first year's course were published. The book appeared in 1857 with the title "Character and Logical Method of Political Economy". It followed up on and expanded J. S. Mill's treatment in | 6,141,450 |
1643377 | John Elliott Cairnes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Elliott%20Cairnes | John Elliott Cairnes
the "Essays on some Unsettled Questions in Political Economy", and formed an admirable introduction to the study of economics as a science. In it the author's peculiar powers of thought and expression are displayed to the best advantage. Logical exactness, precision of language, and firm grasp of the true nature of economic facts, are the qualities characteristic of this as of all his other works. If the book had done nothing more, it would still have conferred inestimable benefit on political economists by its clear exposition of the true nature and meaning of the ambiguous term law. To the view of the province and method of political economy expounded in this early work the author always remained | 6,141,451 |
1643377 | John Elliott Cairnes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Elliott%20Cairnes | John Elliott Cairnes
true, and several of his later essays, such as those on "Political Economy and Land", "Political Economy and Laissez-Faire", are but reiterations of the same doctrine. His next contribution to economical science was a series of articles on the gold question, published partly in Fraser's Magazine, in which the probable consequences of the increased supply of gold attendant on the Australian and Californian gold discoveries were analysed with great skill and ability. And a critical article on M. Chevaliers' work, "On the Probable Fall in the Value of Gold", appeared in the "Edinburgh Review" for July 1860.
In 1861, Cairnes was appointed to the professorship of jurisprudence and political economy | 6,141,452 |
1643377 | John Elliott Cairnes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Elliott%20Cairnes | John Elliott Cairnes
in Queens College Galway, and in the following year he published his admirable work "The Slave Power", one of the finest specimens of applied economical philosophy. The inherent disadvantages of the employment of slave labour were exposed with great fulness and ability, and the conclusions arrived at have taken their place among the recognised doctrines of political economy. The opinions expressed by Cairnes as to the probable issue of American Civil War were largely verified by the actual course of events, and the appearance of the book had a marked influence on the attitude taken by serious political thinkers in England towards the Confederate States of America. During the remainder of his | 6,141,453 |
1643377 | John Elliott Cairnes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Elliott%20Cairnes | John Elliott Cairnes
residence at Galway, Professor Cairnes published nothing beyond some fragments and pamphlets, mainly upon Irish questions. The most valuable of these papers are the series devoted to the consideration of university education. His health, at no time very good, was still further weakened in 1865 by a fall from his horse. He was ever afterwards incapacitated from active exertion and was constantly liable to have his work interfered with by attacks of illness. In 1866 he was appointed professor of political economy in University College, London. He was compelled to spend the session 1868–1869 in Italy, but on his return continued to lecture till 1872. During his last session he conducted a mixed | 6,141,454 |
1643377 | John Elliott Cairnes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Elliott%20Cairnes | John Elliott Cairnes
class, ladies being admitted to his lectures. His health soon rendered it impossible for him to discharge his public duties; he resigned his post in 1872, and retired with the honorary title of professor emeritus of political economy. In 1873 his own university conferred on him the degree of LL.D. He died at Blackheath, near London, on 8 July 1875.
# Family.
Cairnes had married Elizabeth Charlotte, daughter of George Henry Minto Alexander, a Judge of the High Court in India. They were the parents of two sons and a daughter, including the officer and writer William Elliot Cairnes (1862-1902)
# Work.
The last years of Cairnes' life were spent in the collection and publication of some scattered | 6,141,455 |
1643377 | John Elliott Cairnes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Elliott%20Cairnes | John Elliott Cairnes
papers contributed to various reviews and magazines, and in the preparation of his most extensive and important work. "The Political Essays", published in 1873, comprise all his papers relating to Ireland and its university system, together with some other articles of a somewhat similar nature. "The Essays in Political Economy, Theoretical and Applied", which appeared in the same year, contain the essays towards a solution of the gold question, brought up to date and tested by comparison with statistics of prices. Among the other articles in the volume the more important are the criticisms on Frédéric Bastiat and Auguste Comte, and the essays on "Political Economy and Land", and on "Political | 6,141,456 |
1643377 | John Elliott Cairnes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Elliott%20Cairnes | John Elliott Cairnes
Economy and Laissez-Faire", which have been referred to above. In 1874 appeared his largest work, "Some Leading Principles of Political Economy, newly Expounded", which is beyond doubt a worthy successor to the great treatises of Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, David Ricardo and J.S. Mill. It does not expound a completed system of political economy; many important doctrines are left untouched; and in general the treatment of problems is not such as would be suited for a systematic manual. The work is essentially a commentary on some of the principal doctrines of the English school of economists, such as value, cost of production, wages, labour and capital, and international values, and is replete | 6,141,457 |
1643377 | John Elliott Cairnes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Elliott%20Cairnes | John Elliott Cairnes
with keen criticism and lucid illustration. While in fundamental harmony with Mill, especially as regards the general conception of the science, Cairnes differs from him to a greater or less extent on nearly all the cardinal doctrines, subjects his opinions to a searching examination, and generally succeeds in giving to the truth that is common to both a firmer basis and a more precise statement. The last labour to which he devoted himself was a republication of his first work on the "Logical Method of Political Economy".
Taken as a whole, the works of Cairnes formed the most important contribution to economical science made by the English school since the publication of J. S. Mill's "Principles". | 6,141,458 |
1643377 | John Elliott Cairnes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Elliott%20Cairnes | John Elliott Cairnes
It is not possible to indicate more than generally the special advances in economic doctrine effected by him, but the following points may be noted as establishing for him a claim to a place beside Ricardo and Mill.
Cairnes' exposition of the province and method of political economy: He never suffers it to be forgotten that political economy is a science, and consequently that its results are entirely neutral with respect to social facts or systems. It has simply to trace the necessary connections among the phenomena of wealth and dictates no rules for practice. Further, he is distinctly opposed both to those who would treat political economy as an integral part of social philosophy, and to | 6,141,459 |
1643377 | John Elliott Cairnes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Elliott%20Cairnes | John Elliott Cairnes
those who have attempted to express economic facts in quantitative formulae and to make economy a branch of applied mathematics. According to him political economy is a mixed science, its field being partly mental, partly physical. It may be called a positive science, because its premises are facts, but it is hypothetical in so far as the laws it lays down are only approximately true, i.e. are only valid in the absence of counteracting agencies.
From this view of the nature of the science, it follows at once that the method to be pursued must be that called by Mill the physical or concrete deductive, which starts from certain known causes, investigates their consequences and verifies or tests | 6,141,460 |
1643377 | John Elliott Cairnes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Elliott%20Cairnes | John Elliott Cairnes
the result by comparison with facts of experience. It may, perhaps, be thought that Cairnes gives too little attention to the effects of the organism of society on economic facts, and that he is disposed to overlook what Walter Bagehot called the postulates of political economy.
Cairnes' analysis of cost of production in its relation to value: According to Mill, the universal elements in cost of production are the wages of labour and the profits of capital. To this theory Cairnes objects that wages, being remuneration, can in no sense be considered as cost, and could only have come to be regarded as cost in consequence of the whole problem being treated from the point of view of the capitalist, | 6,141,461 |
1643377 | John Elliott Cairnes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Elliott%20Cairnes | John Elliott Cairnes
to whom, no doubt, the wages paid represent cost. The real elements of cost of production he looks upon as labour, abstinence and risk, the second of these falling mainly, though not necessarily, upon the capitalist. In this analysis he to a considerable extent follows and improves upon Nassau William Senior, who had previously defined cost of production as the sum of the labour and abstinence necessary to production.
Cairnes' exposition of the natural or social limit to free competition, and of its bearing on the theory of value: He points out that in any organised society there can hardly be the ready transference of capital from one employment to another, which is the indispensable condition | 6,141,462 |
1643377 | John Elliott Cairnes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Elliott%20Cairnes | John Elliott Cairnes
of free competition; while class distinctions render it impossible for labour to transfer itself readily to new occupations. Society may thus be regarded as consisting of a series of noncompeting industrial groups, with free competition among the members of any one group or class. Now the only condition under which cost of production will regulate value is perfect competition. It follows that the normal value of commodities-the value which gives to the producers the average and usual remuneration will depend upon cost of production only when the exchange is confined to the members of one class, among whom there is free competition. In exchange between classes or non-competing industrial groups, | 6,141,463 |
1643377 | John Elliott Cairnes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Elliott%20Cairnes | John Elliott Cairnes
the normal value is simply a case of international value, and depends upon reciprocal demand, that is to say, is such as will satisfy the equation of demand. This theory is a substantial contribution to economical science and throws great light upon the general problem of value. At the same time, it may be thought that Cairnes overlooked a point brought forward prominently by Senior, who also had called attention to the bearing of competition on the relation between cost of production and value. The cost to the producer fixes the limit below which the price cannot fall without the supply being affected; but it is the desire of the consumer-i.e. what he is willing to give up rather than be compelled | 6,141,464 |
1643377 | John Elliott Cairnes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Elliott%20Cairnes | John Elliott Cairnes
to produce the commodity for himself that fixes the maximum value of the article. To treat the whole problem of natural or normal value from the point of view of the producer is to give but a one-sided theory of the facts.
Cairnes' defence of the wages fund doctrine: This doctrine, expounded by Mill in his "Principles", had been relinquished by him, but Cairnes still undertook to defend it. He certainly succeeded in removing from the theory much that bad tended to obscure its real meaning and in placing it in its very best aspect. He also showed the sense in which, when treating the problem of wages, we must refer to some fund devoted to the payment of wages, and pointed out the conditions | 6,141,465 |
1643377 | John Elliott Cairnes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Elliott%20Cairnes | John Elliott Cairnes
ust refer to some fund devoted to the payment of wages, and pointed out the conditions under which the wages fund may increase or decrease. It may be added that his "Leading Principles" contain admirable discussions on trade unions and protection, together with a clear analysis of the difficult theory of international trade and value, in which there is much that is both novel and valuable. The "Logical Method" contains an exposition and defence of Ricardo's theory of rent; and the "Essays" contain a criticism of Bastiat's economic doctrines.
# See also.
- History of economic thought
# External links.
- NUI Galway: John Elliott Cairnes NUI Galway is the successor to Queen's College Galway | 6,141,466 |
1643378 | Tom Noonan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom%20Noonan | Tom Noonan
Tom Noonan
Tom Noonan (born April 12, 1951) is an American actor, director, and screenwriter, perhaps best known for his role as Francis Dollarhyde in "Manhunter" (1986), Frankenstein's Monster in "The Monster Squad" (1987), Cain in "RoboCop 2" (1990), The Ripper in "Last Action Hero" (1993), Bill Lacey in "Tales from the Darkside" (1984), Sammy Barnathan in "Synecdoche, New York" (2008) and as the voice of everyone else in "Anomalisa" (2015).
# Early life.
Noonan was born in Greenwich, Connecticut, the son of Rita (McGannon), a mathematics teacher, and John Noonan, Sr., a jazz musician and doctor of dental surgery. He had an older brother, John Ford Noonan, a playwright, and two sisters, | 6,141,467 |
1643378 | Tom Noonan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom%20Noonan | Tom Noonan
Barbara and Nancy.
# Career.
Noonan started working in theatre (appearing in the original Off-Broadway production of Sam Shepard's play "Buried Child"), but in the 1980s he began working in film. At 6 feet, 5 inches (196 cm), Noonan's imposing presence is probably responsible for his tendency to be cast as menacing villains, as in "RoboCop 2", "Last Action Hero", "Manhunter", and "The Pledge". His height was used for comic effect in "The Moving Finger," the series finale of the horror anthology "Monsters" (several episodes of which he also directed and wrote).
In 1986, Noonan played Francis Dollarhyde, a serial killer who kills entire families, in Michael Mann's "Manhunter", the first movie | 6,141,468 |
1643378 | Tom Noonan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom%20Noonan | Tom Noonan
to feature Hannibal Lecktor. Another supporting role, and another collaboration with director Michael Mann was in 1995, as Kelso in "Heat". He also played the Frankenstein monster in "The Monster Squad". During the 1990s, he wrote various plays, including two that he made into movies, "What Happened Was..." (1994) and "The Wife" (1995). In the 2000s, Noonan appeared in various other movies, including a widely praised role as Sammy Barnathan in "Synecdoche, New York", Charlie Kaufman's directorial debut.
Noonan has also made numerous appearances in television series, including "The X-Files" (in the much-praised 1996 episode "Paper Hearts" that was written specifically for him), "", "", "Tales | 6,141,469 |
1643378 | Tom Noonan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom%20Noonan | Tom Noonan
s from the Darkside" and "" (in which he starred alongside William Petersen, who played his nemesis, Will Graham, in "Manhunter"), and Detective Victor Huntley in "Damages". He recently appeared on "Louie" as a doctor who takes the young Louie through the crucifixion in graphic anatomical detail. He also portrayed the Reverend Nathaniel Cole in the AMC original series "Hell on Wheels".
In 2015, Noonan voiced all of the supporting characters in Duke Johnson and Charlie Kaufman's stop-motion comedy-drama film "Anomalisa", for which he won the San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor.
# External links.
- GreenCine Daily Podcast with Tom Noonan for The House of the Devil | 6,141,470 |
1643401 | Live at Austin City Limits | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Live%20at%20Austin%20City%20Limits | Live at Austin City Limits
Live at Austin City Limits
Live at Austin City Limits is a DVD and CD released by Image Entertainment in 2003 and 2001, respectively. The set captures a live performance by singer Roy Orbison on August 5, 1982 from the PBS television show "Austin City Limits". Orbison was the first "legend" to appear on the weekly series, which, at the time, featured local Texas performers. It is said that Orbison's appearance on the show paved the way for other legends such as Ray Charles, Marty Robbins, and even Johnny Cash to appear on the series. Unfortunately, Orbison was recovering from recent triple bypass heart surgery and also had a head cold on the day so his voice was not as strong as it was usually.
Running | 6,141,471 |
1643401 | Live at Austin City Limits | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Live%20at%20Austin%20City%20Limits | Live at Austin City Limits
ly, Orbison was recovering from recent triple bypass heart surgery and also had a head cold on the day so his voice was not as strong as it was usually.
Running time: 60 minutes
# Track listing.
- "Only the Lonely"
- "Leah"
- "Dream Baby"
- "In Dreams"
- "Mean Woman Blues"
- "Blue Angel"
- "Lana"
- "Blue Bayou"
- "Candy Man"
- "Crying"
- "Crying" (reprise)
- "Ooby Dooby"
- "Hound Dog Man"
- "one of the few times he performed this 1979 tribute to his friend Elvis Presley"
- "Working for the Man"
- "That Lovin' You Feelin' Again" (Grammy winning duet from 1980)
- "Go Go Go (Down the Line)"
- "It's Over"
- "Oh, Pretty Woman"
- "Running Scared"
- "Running Scared" (reprise) | 6,141,472 |
1643402 | Fort Egypt | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fort%20Egypt | Fort Egypt
Fort Egypt
Fort Egypt, a large log house, is a historic landmark in Page County, Virginia and is listed in the National Register of Historic Places (#79003064).
Built of 20"-25" diameter logs dovetailed at the corners, Fort Egypt has a massive stone chimney in the center of the house. It contains a fortified cellar with loop holes, possibly designed for protection against Indian attacks. No known Indian attacks occurred at Fort Egypt.
The building was built about 1758 by Jacob Strickler (one of the early leaders of the Mennonite Church), and his descendants lived here for many generations. Several of the rooms are very large and were probably used for meetings of the Mennonite Church in this | 6,141,473 |
1643402 | Fort Egypt | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fort%20Egypt | Fort Egypt
ite Church), and his descendants lived here for many generations. Several of the rooms are very large and were probably used for meetings of the Mennonite Church in this community before any church buildings were built.
This home is located near the center of the 1,000 acre (4 km²) tract granted to the pioneer Abraham Strickler in 1735 and called the Egypt Bend tract.
The building was restored by its current owners and is in an excellent state of preservation.
# External links.
- Link to a website on Fort Egypt
- Link to a painting of Fort Egypt
- Fort Egypt, State Route 615, Luray, Page County, VA: 14 photos, 11 measured drawings, and 4 data pages at Historic American Buildings Survey | 6,141,474 |
1643404 | HC Lugano | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HC%20Lugano | HC Lugano
HC Lugano
Hockey Club Lugano, often abbreviated to HC Lugano or HCL, is a professional ice hockey club based in Lugano, Switzerland. The team competes in the National League (NL) and has won seven Swiss championships.
# History.
The founding of HC Lugano took place on 11 February 1941, when they particpated on Muzzano Lake their first games against Ambrì, Muzzano, Massagno and Paradiso. On 1 December 1957, the first artificial ice rink was opened, at the Pista La Resega. Among those present was also the man who, 30 years later, was to take HC Lugano to the top of Swiss and international hockey: Geo Mantegazza, an engineer by profession, who had done the static calculations of the Resega and | 6,141,475 |
1643404 | HC Lugano | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HC%20Lugano | HC Lugano
thus the first contacts had with the family earning the club the nickname of the "Bianconeri" acknowledging their Italian speaking heritage.
In 1963–64, Lugano rose to the National League B, most notably through the contributions of defender Elwyn Friedrich and Forward Roland Bernasconi, both national players and Swiss champions with Villars. In the 1970–71 season, the Bianconeri's promotion to the tope flight National League A was realised for the first time in franchise history, playing two seasons before returning to the NLB.
In the 1981–82 season Lugano returned, together with Ambrì, back in the NLA. In the 1982–83 season, Mantegazza hired Swedish coach John Slettvoll , who won numerous | 6,141,476 |
1643404 | HC Lugano | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HC%20Lugano | HC Lugano
championships in his tenure.
# Venue.
The Pista La Resega hockey arena in Lugano is primarily used for ice hockey and is the home arena of HC Lugano, HC Lugano Ladies Team, HC Lugano-Ceresio and HC Porza. It was built in 1995, after the demolition of the previous one, and can hold 8,000 people.
# Honors.
## Champions.
- NL Championship "(7)": 1986, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1999, 2003, 2006
- SL Championship "(1)": 1982
## Runners-up.
- NL Championship "(7)": 1985, 1989, 1991, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2016
- Spengler Cup "(3)": 1991, 2015, 2016
# Franchise records and leaders.
## Team records.
HC Lugano records in the Swiss National League A.
# HC Lugano Ladies Team.
The HC Lugano Ladies Team | 6,141,477 |
1643404 | HC Lugano | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HC%20Lugano | HC Lugano
: 1986, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1999, 2003, 2006
- SL Championship "(1)": 1982
## Runners-up.
- NL Championship "(7)": 1985, 1989, 1991, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2016
- Spengler Cup "(3)": 1991, 2015, 2016
# Franchise records and leaders.
## Team records.
HC Lugano records in the Swiss National League A.
# HC Lugano Ladies Team.
The HC Lugano Ladies Team is a semi-professional women’s ice hockey team that competes in the Swiss Women’s A League. The club was officially founded on May 22, 1990. They won the Swiss Championship on 2006, 2007, 2009 and 2010.
In 2007, the HC Lugano Ladies Team qualified for the final round of the IIHF European Women's Champions Cup and even won the bronze medal 2010. | 6,141,478 |
1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
The Equinox
The Equinox (subtitle: "The Review of Scientific Illuminism") is a series of publications in book form that serves as the official organ of the A∴A∴, a magical order founded by Aleister Crowley (although material is often of import to its sister organization, Ordo Templi Orientis). Begun in 1909, it mainly features articles about occultism and magick, while several issues also contain poetry, fiction, plays, artwork, and biographies. The last issue was published in 1998.
# Publication history.
"The Equinox" appeared semianually from the years 1909 through 1913. Volume II was never published, and vol. III:1 was the last in the regular serialized publications. After that, editions | 6,141,479 |
1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
of the "Equinox" were published irregularly by various organizations and are best known for their book title. All issues after III:5 were edited and released after Crowley's death in 1947.
- Vol. I, #1: Spring 1909. Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., Ltd.
- Vol. I, #2: Autumn 1909. Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., Ltd.
- Vol. I, #3: Spring 1910. Privately published, London.
- Vol. I, #4: Autumn 1910. Privately published, London.
- Vol. I, #5: Spring 1911. Privately published, London.
- Vol. I, #6: Autumn 1911. Wieland & Co.
- Vol. I, #7: Spring 1912. Wieland & Co.
- Vol. I, #8: Autumn 1912. Wieland & Co.
- Vol. I, #9: Spring 1913. Wieland & Co.
- Vol. I, #10: Autumn 1913. | 6,141,480 |
1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
Wieland & Co.
- Vol. II: not issued
- Vol. III, #1: Spring 1919. Universal Publishing Co, Detroit MI
- Vol. III, #2: "Jesus, Liber 888, and Other Papers"—not issued
- Vol. III, #3: "The Equinox of the Gods." 1936. London, O.T.O.
- Vol. III, #4: "Eight Lectures on Yoga." 1939. London, O.T.O.
- Vol. III, #5: "The Book of Thoth." 1944. London, O.T.O.
- Vol. III, #6: "Liber Aleph." 1961. Thelema Publishing Co.
- Vol. III, #7: "Shih Yi." 1971. Thelema Publishing Co.
- Vol. III, #8: "The Tao Teh King." 1975. Weiser.
- Vol. III, #9: "The Holy Books of Thelema." 1983. Weiser.
- Vol. III, #10: 1986. Weiser.
- Vol. IV, #1: "Commentaries on the Holy Books and Other Papers." 1996. Weiser.
- | 6,141,481 |
1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
Vol. IV, #2: "The Vision and the Voice with Commentary and Other Papers." 1998. Weiser.
# Contents of "The Equinox".
## Volume I.
### Number 1.
- 1. Editorial
- 2. An Account of A∴ A∴
- 3. Liber Librae [The Book of the Balance]
- 4. Liber Exercitiorum
- 5. The Wizard Way. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 6. The Magic Glasses. "By Frank Harris"
- 7. The Chymical Jousting of Brother Perardua
- 8. The Lonely Bride. "By Victor B. Neuburg"
- 9. At the Fork of the Roads
- 10. The Magician
- 11. The Soldier and the Hunchback: ! And ? "By Aleister Crowley"
- 12. The Hermit
- 13. The Temple of Solomon the King (Book I)
- 14. The Herb Dangerous (Part I) : A Pharmaceutical Study. "By E. Whineray, | 6,141,482 |
1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
M.P.S."
- 15. Endpages
- Special Supplement: John St. John: the Record of the Magical Retirement of G. H. "by Frater O∴ M∴"
### Number 2.
- 1. Frontpages
- 2. Editorial
- 3. Liber O [vel Manus et Sagittae sub Figura VI]
- 4. The Herb Dangerous (Part II) : The Psychology of Hashish. "By Oliver Haddo"
- 5. Reviews
- 6. The Garden of Janus. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 7. The Dream Circean. "By Marital Nay"
- 8. The Lost Shepherd. "By Victor B. Neuburg"
- 9. A Handbook of Geomancy
- 10. The Organ in King's Chapel, Cambridge, "By G. H. S. Pinsent"
- 11. A Note on Genesis
- 12. The Five Adorations. "By Dost Achiha Khan"
- 13. Illusion D'amoureux. "By Francis Bendick"
- 14. The Opium-Smoker
- | 6,141,483 |
1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
15. Postcards to Probationers. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 16. The Wild Ass. "By Alys Cusack"
- 17. The Sphinx at Gizeh. "By Lord Dunsany"
- 18. The Priestess of Panormita. "By Elaine Carr"
- 19. The Temple of Solomon the King (Book II)
- 20. Amongst the Mermaids. "By Norman Roe"
- 21. Ave Adonai. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 22. The Man-Cover. "By George Raffalovich"
- 23. Stewed Prunes and Prism: The Tennyson Centenary. "By A. Quiller, Jr."
- 24. Stop Press Reviews
### Number 3.
- 1. Frontpages
- 2. Editorial
- 3. Liber XIII [vel Graduum Montis Abiegni: A Syllabus of the Steps Upon the Path]
- 4. AHA! "By Aleister Crowley"
- 5. The Herb Dangerous (Part III) : The Poem of Hashish. "By | 6,141,484 |
1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
Charles Baudelaire (Translated "By Aleister Crowley)"
- 6. An Origin. "By Victor B. Neuburg"
- 7. The Soul-Hunter
- 8. Madeleine. "By Arthur F. Grimble"
- 9. The Temple of Solomon the King (Book II "Continued")
- 10. The Coming of Apollo. "By Victor B. Neuburg"
- 11. The Brighton Mystery. "By George Raffalovich"
- 12. Reviews
- 13. The Shadowy Dill-Waters. "By A. Quiller, Jr."
- 14. Stop Press Reviews and Endpages
- Special Supplement: Liber DCCCCLXIII. the Treasure-House of Images
### Number 4.
- 1. Frontpages
- 2. Editorial
- 3. Liber III [vel Jugorum]
- 4. Liber A [vel Armorum sub Figura CCCCXII]
- 5. I.NST N.ATTURAE R.EGINA I.SIS. "By Omnia Vincam"
- 6. Reviews
- 7. My | 6,141,485 |
1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
Lady of the Breeches. "By George Raffalovich"
- 8. Reviews
- 9. At Bordj-An-Nus. "By Hilda Norfolk"
- 10. ΑΙΝΟΖΙΔΟΖ. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 11. The Temple of Solomon the King. IV
- 12. Pan to Artemis. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 13. The Interpreter. "By Perdurabo"
- 14. The Daughter of the Horseleech. "By Ethel Ramsay"
- 15. The Dreamer
- 16. Mr. Todd. A Morality. "By the Author of "Rosa Mundi" (William Butler Yeats)"
- 17. The Gnome. "By Victor B. Neuburg"
- 18. Review
- 19. The Herb Dangerous. Part IV: the Hasheesh Eater
- 20. The Agnostic
- 21. The Mantra-Yogi
- 22. The Buddhist
- 23. The Violinist. "By Francis Bendick"
- 24. EHE! "By George Raffalovich"
- 25. Half-Hours with | 6,141,486 |
1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
Famous Mahatmas. No. I. "By Sam Hardy"
- 26. The Thief-Taker. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 27. Review
- 28. The Eyes of St. Ljubov. "By J. F. C. Fuller And George Raffalovich"
- 29. Midsummer Eve. "By Ethel Archer"
- 30. The Poetical Memory
- 31. Adela
- 32. The Three Worms. "By Edward Storer"
- 33. The Felon Flower. "By Ethel Archer"
- 34. The Big Stick
- 35. Glaziers' Houses
- 36. In the Temple. "By Victor B. Neuburg"
- 37. Endpages
- Special Supplement: the High History of Sir Palamedes the Saracen Knight and of his Following the Questing Beast
### Number 5.
- 1. Frontpages
- 2. Editorial
- 3. Liber HHH [sub figura CCCXLI]
- 4. The Blind Prophet. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 5. The | 6,141,487 |
1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
Training of the Mind. "By Ananda Metteya"
- 6. The Sabbath. "By Ethel Ramsay"
- 7. The Temple of Solomon the King
- 8. A Nocturne. "By Victor B. Neuburg"
- 9. The Vixen. "By Francis Bendick"
- 10. The Pilgrim. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 11. My Crapulous Contemporaries, No. IV.—Wisdom While You Waite. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 12. X-Rays on Ex-Probationers. "By Perdurabo"
- 13. The Vampire. "By Ethel Archer"
- 14. The Big Stick
- 15. Correspondence
- 16. Stop Press Reviews
- Special Supplement: Liber CCCCXVIII (XXX Aerum) [vel Saecvli sub figura CCCCXVIII, Being of the Angels of the 30 Aethyrs, the Vision and the Voice]
### Number 6.
- 1. Frontpages
- 2. Editorial
- 3. Liber X [Liber | 6,141,488 |
1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
Porta Lucis]
- 4. Liber XVI [Liber Turris vel Domus Dei]
- 5. Liber XC [Liber Tzaddi vel Hamus Hermeticus]
- 6. Liber CLVI [Liber Cheth vel Vallum Abiegni]
- 7. Liber CC [Liber Resh vel Helios]
- 8. Liber CCCLXX [Liber A'Ash vel Capricorni Pneumatici]
- 9. Three Poems For Jane Cheron. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 10. Circe. "By Ethel Archer"
- 11. The Electric Silence
- 12. Song
- 13. The Scorpion. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 14. The Earth. "By Francis Bendick"
- 15. Sleep. "By Ethel Archer"
- 16. The Ordeal of Ida Pendragon. "By Martial Nay"
- 17. The Autumn Woods. "By Victor Neuburg"
- 18. The Dangers of Mysticism
- 19. The Big Stick. "By John Yarker, E. Whineray, Aleister Crowley, | 6,141,489 |
1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
Etc."
- 20. Endpages
- Special Supplement: The Rites of Eleusis
### Number 7.
- 1. Frontpages
- 2. Editorial
- 3. Liber I [vel Magi]
- 4. Liber XI [Liber Nu]
- 5. Liber LXIV [Liber Israfel]
- 6. Liber LXVI [Liber Stellae Rubeae]
- 7. Liber CLXXV [Astarte vel Liber Berylli]
- 8. Liber CCVI [Liber Ru vel Spiritus]
- 9. Liber CCXXXI
- 10. Liber CD [Liber Tau vel Kabbalae Trium Literarum]
- 11. Liber CDLXXIV [Liber os Asbysmi vel Daath]
- 12. Liber DLV [Liber Had]
- 13. Liber DCCCXXXI [Liber Tau]
- 14. Liber CMXIII [Liber ThIShARB viae Memoriae]
- 15. Adonis. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 16. The Ghouls. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 17. The Four Winds. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 18. Independence. | 6,141,490 |
1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
"By Aleister Crowley"
- 19. Showstorm. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 20. A Brief Abstract of the Symbolic Representation of the Universe Derived by Doctor John Dee through the Skrying of Sir Edward Kelley. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 21. Apollo Bestows the Violin. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 22. Diana of the Inlet. "By Katharine Susannah Prichard"
- 23. Silence. "By Ethel Archer"
- 24. Memory of Love. "By Meredith Starr"
- 25. Across the Gulf. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 26. The Temple of Solomon the King ("Continued")
- 27. My Crapulous Contemporaries. No. V., the Bismarck of Battersea. "By A. Quiller, Jun. (Aleister Crowley)"
- 28. Arthur in the Area Again. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 29. The Big Stick. | 6,141,491 |
1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
Reviews "By Aleister Crowley and John Yarker"
- 30. A Birthday. "By Aleister Crowley"
### Number 8.
- 1. Frontpages
- 2. Editorial
- 3. θέλημα : a Tone-Testament "By Leila Waddell"
- 4. Three Poems. "By Victor B. Neuburg"
- 5. The Temple of Solomon the King (continued)
- 6. His Secret Sin
- 7. Long Odds
- 8. Doctor Bob. A Sketch "By Mary D'este and Aleister Crowley"
- 9. The Woodcutter
- 10. La Foire. "By Barbey De Rochechouart"
- 11. Professor Zircon
- 12. A Brief Abstract of the Symbolic Representation of the Universe, Derived by Doctor John Dee through the Skrying of Sir Edward Kelly. Part II. The Forty-Eight Calls
- 13. Stepney
- 14. The Tell-Tale Heart. Adapted from the | 6,141,492 |
1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
Story of E. A. Poe. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 15. Sorites
- 16. A Description of the Cards of the Tarot, with their Attributions; Including a Method of Divination by their Use
- 17. On-On-"Poet"
- 18. Elder Eel
- 19. The Spadger
- 20. To Persis
- 21. Waite's Wet or the Backslider's Return
- 22. My Crapulous Contemporaries. No. VI. An Obituary
- 23. The New Evelyn Hope
- 24. Reviews
- Special Supplement: Sepher Sephiroth
### Number 9.
- 1. Frontpages
- 2. Editorial
- 3. The Temple of Solomon the King ("Continued")
- 4. Lines to a Young Lady Violinist on Her Playing in a Green Dress Designed "By the Author"
- 5. Energized Enthusiasm
- 6. The "Titanic"
- 7. A Literatooralooral | 6,141,493 |
1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
Treasure-Trove
- 8. Threnody
- 9. Dischmatal by Night. "By Arthur Grimble"
- 10. A Quack Painter
- 11. At Sea
- 12. Cancer?
- 13. Dumb!
- 14. The Vitriol-Thrower
- 15. The Fairy Fiddler. "By Ethel Archer"
- 16. An Evocation of Bartzabel the Spirit of Mars
- 17. The Testament of Magdalen Blair
- 18. Ercildoune. "By Aleister Crowley"
- 19. Athanasius Contra Decanum
- 20. My Crapulous Contemporaries. No. VII. A Galahad in Gomorrah
- 21. How I Became a Famous Mountaineer. "By Percy W. Newlands, P.R.A.S., P.R.B.S., P.R.C.S., P.R.Y.S., P.R.Z.S., Etc., Etc."
- 22. The Tango: A Sketch. "By Mary D'este and Aleister Crowley"
- 23. The Big Stick
- 24. Reviews
### Number 10.
- 1. Frontpages
- | 6,141,494 |
1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
2. Editorial
- 3. Liber L. Vel Legis The Book of the Law
- 4. Liber ΒΑΤΡΑΧΟΦΕΝΟΒΟΟΚΟΣΜΟΜΑΧΙΑ Svb Figvra DXXXVI
- 5. A Syllabus of the Οfficial Ιnstructions of A∴ A∴
- 6. The Ship
- 7. As in a Glass, Darkly. "By Arthur Grimble."
- 8. Two Fragments of Ritual
- 9. The Disciples
- 10. The Temple of Solomon the King ("Concluded)"
- 11. Rosa Ignota. "By Victor B. Neuburg"
- 12. The Game of Crowley
- 13. Boo to Buddha
- 14. Crowley Pool
- 15. Hymn to Satan
- 16. A Ballad of Bedlam. "By Ethel Archer."
- 17. Dead Weight
- 18. The Big Stick
- 19. Colophon—To Laylah Eight-And-Twenty
- 20. Index to Volume I
- 21. Endpages
- Special Supplement: The Key of the Mysteries
## Volume II.
Nos. | 6,141,495 |
1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
1-10 are a Period of Silence—no copies.
## Volume III.
### Number 1, also called the Blue Equinox.
- 1. Hymn to Pan
- 2. Editorial
- 3. Præmonstrance of A∴A∴
- 4. Curriculum of A∴A∴
- 5. Liber II [The Message of the Master Therion]
- 6. The Tent
- 7. Liber DCCCXXXVII [The Law of Liberty]
- 8. Liber LXI [vel Causae A∴A∴]
- 9. A Psalm
- 10. Liber LXV [Liber Cordis Cincti Serpente]
- 11. Liber CL [De Lege Libellum]
- 12. A Psalm
- 13. Liber CLXV [A Master of the Temple]
- 14. Liber CCC [Khabs am Pekht]
- 15. Stepping Out of the Old Aeon into the New
- 16. The Seven Fold Sacrament
- 17. Liber LII [Manifesto of the O.T.O.]
- 18. Liber CI [An Open Letter to Those Who May Wish to | 6,141,496 |
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Join the Order]
- 19. Liber CLXI [Concerning the Law of Thelema]
- 20. Liber CXCIV [An Intimation with Reference to the Constitution of the Order]
- 21. Liber XV The Gnostic Mass
- 22. Nekam Adonai!
- 23. A La Loge
- 24. The Tank
- Special Supplement: Liber LXXI [The Voice of the Silence: The Two Paths, The Seven Portals]
### Numbers 2–10.
- #2: The Gospel According to St. Bernard Shaw (allegedly, never published)
- #3: The Equinox of the Gods
- #4: Eight Lectures on Yoga
- #5: The Book of Thoth
- #6: Liber Aleph
- #7: Shih Yi (I Ching)
- #8: Tao Teh Ching
- #9: The Holy Books of Thelema
- #10 The Review of Scientific Illuminism, the official Organ of the O.T.O.
## Volume IV.
### | 6,141,497 |
1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
Number 1, Commentaries on the Holy Books and Other Papers.
- 1. Occultism
- 2. One Star in Sight
- 3. Liber XXXIII. An Account of A∴A∴
- 4. Liber Collegii Sancti sub figura CLXXXV (Being the Tasks of the Grades and Their Oaths)
- 5. Liber Vesta vel פרכת sub figura DCC (Book of the Robes of the Order)
- 6. Four Paintings by J.F.C. Fuller
- 7. Liber VIII (The Ritual Proper for the Invocation of Augoeides)
- 8. Liber LXV with Commentary (Liber Cordis Cincti Serpente)
- 9. Liber LXXI, the Voice of the Silence with Commentary
- 10. Shorter Commentaries to the Holy Books
#### With Commentary and Other Papers.
- 1. Liber CDXVIII. The Vision and the Voice with Commentary
- 2. Liber CCCXXV. | 6,141,498 |
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The Bartzabel Working
- 3. Liber LX. The Ab-ul-Diz Working
- 4. Liber CDXV. Opus Lutetianum, The Paris Working
- 5. Appendix I: ALgerian Diary, 1909
- 6. Appendix II: Diary Fragment, 1910
# Motta Equinox.
Published long after Crowley's death, a series entitled "The Equinox, Volume V" was released by Marcelo Motta and his organization, Thelema Publishing Co.
- Vol. V, No. 1: The Commentaries to Liber AL vel Legis (1975)
- Vol. V, No. 2: Liber LXV and comments and writings by Marcelos Motta (1979)
- Vol. V, No. 3: The Chinese Texts of Magick and Mysticism (1980)
- Vol. V, No. 4: Sex and Religion (1981)
- Vol. VII, No. 1: The Red Equinox (1992)
# See also.
- Libri of Aleister Crowley
- | 6,141,499 |
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