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1643433 | The Equinox | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Equinox | The Equinox
Equinox.
Published long after Crowley's death, a series entitled "The Equinox, Volume V" was released by Marcelo Motta and his organization, Thelema Publishing Co.
- Vol. V, No. 1: The Commentaries to Liber AL vel Legis (1975)
- Vol. V, No. 2: Liber LXV and comments and writings by Marcelos Motta (1979)
- Vol. V, No. 3: The Chinese Texts of Magick and Mysticism (1980)
- Vol. V, No. 4: Sex and Religion (1981)
- Vol. VII, No. 1: The Red Equinox (1992)
# See also.
- Libri of Aleister Crowley
- Works of Aleister Crowley
# References.
- Free Encyclopedia of Thelema. Recovered 27 February 2016
- Crowley, Aleister. "The Equinox". Weiser Books.
# External links.
- "The Equinox" online | 6,141,500 |
1643395 | William Gwin (naval officer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Gwin%20(naval%20officer) | William Gwin (naval officer)
William Gwin (naval officer)
William Gwin (6 December 1832 – 3 January 1863) was an officer in the United States Navy who was killed in action during the American Civil War. One of the most promising officers in the nation, with extensive command and combat experience, Gwin had risen to the rank of Lieutenant Commander by the time of his death.
# Early life and career.
Born in Columbus, Indiana, Gwin was appointed a Midshipman on 7 April 1847. Gwin subsequently served in the frigate on the Brazil Squadron until late in 1850. During the next five years he was assigned to the sloop of war , flagship of the African Squadron, the steamer and the brig . In September 1855, while serving in the latter, | 6,141,501 |
1643395 | William Gwin (naval officer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Gwin%20(naval%20officer) | William Gwin (naval officer)
he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant. From late 1857 until after the outbreak of the American Civil War in the spring of 1861, Gwin was an officer of the steamer and sloop of war , both in the Pacific, and of the steam frigate in the Mediterranean.
# Civil War.
Returning to the United States in mid-1861, Lieutenant Gwin began Civil War combat service in the newly acquired cruiser and, later in the year, was assigned to the brig .
He commanded several ships of the Mississippi Squadron and was one of Flag Officer Andrew Hull Foote's "can do" officers, displaying outstanding initiative, energy and dash. After the fall of Fort Henry he swept with his wooden gunboats up the Tennessee River | 6,141,502 |
1643395 | William Gwin (naval officer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Gwin%20(naval%20officer) | William Gwin (naval officer)
all the way to regions of Alabama. This action was a major factor in the collapse of the Confederate lines far behind him in Kentucky. Fire support from two of his gunboats, and , helped save Union troops from disaster in the Battle of Shiloh, bringing high praise from General Ulysses S. Grant. He was wounded in action 27 December 1862, while commanding the gunboat in the Battle of Haines Bluff on the Yazoo River.
He died from these injuries on 3 January 1863, on board a hospital ship in the Mississippi River. In reporting his death to the Navy Department, Gwin's squadron commander, Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter, remarked: "The country has lost one of its bravest officers."
# Namesakes.
Four | 6,141,503 |
1643395 | William Gwin (naval officer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Gwin%20(naval%20officer) | William Gwin (naval officer)
lapse of the Confederate lines far behind him in Kentucky. Fire support from two of his gunboats, and , helped save Union troops from disaster in the Battle of Shiloh, bringing high praise from General Ulysses S. Grant. He was wounded in action 27 December 1862, while commanding the gunboat in the Battle of Haines Bluff on the Yazoo River.
He died from these injuries on 3 January 1863, on board a hospital ship in the Mississippi River. In reporting his death to the Navy Department, Gwin's squadron commander, Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter, remarked: "The country has lost one of its bravest officers."
# Namesakes.
Four ships have been named for him.
# References.
- Notes
- Bibliography | 6,141,504 |
1643454 | Holy Week procession | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holy%20Week%20procession | Holy Week procession
Holy Week procession
A Holy Week procession is a public ritual march of clergy and penitents which takes place during Holy Week in countries which have a Roman Catholic culture. Various images of the saints, especially the Virgin Mary, and most importantly the image of the crucified Christ are carried aloft by foot as a penance; acts of mortification are carried out; traditional hymns and chants are sung (except during the silent processions of Good Friday). In many penitential orders, the faces of the penitents are covered by elaborate hoods, such as the "capirote", as a way of hiding one's identity in order to not ostentatiously draw attention to oneself while performing penance. Crosses, | 6,141,505 |
1643454 | Holy Week procession | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holy%20Week%20procession | Holy Week procession
and biers holding Catholic holy images surrounded with flowers and offerings of candles, are carried usually from one parish church to another led by the clergy, monastic orders, or heads of the penitential orders.
- Palm Sunday: The day when Jesus arrived in Jerusalem.
- Holy Thursday: The day when Jesus shared the Last Supper with His Apostles, followed by the beginning of his Passion.
- Good Friday: Jesus' crucifixion, performed in 14 stations.
- Holy Saturday: Loneliness of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the day that Jesus Christ's body lay in the tomb.
- Easter Sunday: The resurrection of the Christ.
Places famous for their Holy Week processions include:
- Argentina
- La Boca, Buenos | 6,141,506 |
1643454 | Holy Week procession | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holy%20Week%20procession | Holy Week procession
Aires
- Salta
- Cordoba
- Mendoza
- Neuquén
- Colombia
- Popayán
- Santa Cruz de Mompox
- Corsica
- Calvi
- Sartène (See )
See also Holy Week processions in Guatemala
- Antigua Guatemala
- Guatemala City
- Honduras
- Comayagua
- Tegucigalpa
- Italy
- Taranto
- Chieti
- Malta
- Citadel (Gozo)
- Cospicua
- Għargħur
- Għaxaq
- Luqa
- Mosta
- Nadur
- Naxxar
- Paola
- Qormi
- Rabat
- Valletta
- Victoria (Gozo)
- Vittoriosa
- Xagħra (Gozo)
- Xewkija (Gozo)
- Żebbuġ
- Żebbuġ, Gozo
- Żejtun
- Mexico
- Iztapalapa
- Peru
- Arequipa
- Ayacucho
- Cusco
- Huaraz
- Tarma
- Philippines
- Baliuag
- Lipa City
- Makati
- Paete
- Pasig
- San Pablo, Laguna
- | 6,141,507 |
1643454 | Holy Week procession | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holy%20Week%20procession | Holy Week procession
Porac, Pampanga
- Sta. Rita, Pampanga
- Sasmuan, Pampanga
- Vigan
- Portugal
- Braga
- Spain
- Andalusia
- Granada, declared of international tourism interest
- Málaga, declared of international tourism interest
- Seville, declared of international tourism interest
- Castile and León
- León, declared of international tourism interest
- Salamanca, declared of international tourism interest
- Valladolid, declared of international tourism interest
- Zamora, declared of international tourism interest
- Castile-La Mancha
- Hellin, declared of international tourism interest
- Toledo
- Region of Murcia
- Murcia, declared of national tourism interest, the typical with Francisco Salzillo | 6,141,508 |
1643454 | Holy Week procession | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holy%20Week%20procession | Holy Week procession
images.
- Cartagena, declared of international tourism interest
- Lorca, declared of international tourism interest
- Other regions
- Ferrol, declared of international tourism interest in 2014
Renowned sculptors of Holy Week "pasos" include:
- Pedro Berruguete
- Gil de Siloé
- Juan de Juni
- Francisco Salzillo
- Juan de Mesa
- Gregorio Fernández
# See also.
- Holy Week in Mexico
- Triduum
# External links.
- Qromi Malta
- Semana Santa – University of Guadalajara, Mexico (in Spanish)
- Holy Week in Málaga
- Holy Week in Taranto – Italy (in English - Spanish)
- Salzillo Processions in Murcia.
- Semana Santa Andina – Peru (in Spanish)
- Semana Santa in Popayán
- Semana Santa | 6,141,509 |
1643454 | Holy Week procession | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holy%20Week%20procession | Holy Week procession
- Francisco Salzillo
- Juan de Mesa
- Gregorio Fernández
# See also.
- Holy Week in Mexico
- Triduum
# External links.
- Qromi Malta
- Semana Santa – University of Guadalajara, Mexico (in Spanish)
- Holy Week in Málaga
- Holy Week in Taranto – Italy (in English - Spanish)
- Salzillo Processions in Murcia.
- Semana Santa Andina – Peru (in Spanish)
- Semana Santa in Popayán
- Semana Santa in Tunia, a small town near Popayan
- Holy Week in Lower Aragon
- Video Holy Week Procession El Encuentro in Alcañiz
- Holy Week in Nicaragua
- Holy Week Processions in Marikina City
- Eyewitness description of Holy Week processions in Cartagena
- Holy Week Procession in Baliuag, Bulacan | 6,141,510 |
1643478 | Aștileu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aștileu | Aștileu
Aștileu
Aștileu () is a commune in Bihor County, northwestern Romania, close to the border with Hungary. It is composed of four villages: Aștileu, Călățea ("Kalota"), Chistag ("Keszteg") and Peștere ("Körösbarlang"). At the 2011 census, 87.94% of the population were Romanians, 5.2% Roma, 4.48% Slovaks, 1.55% Hungarians and 0.23% Germans.
The closest town to Aștileu is Aleșd, pretty much in walking distance. There is a small church. Aștileu is located on the Aleșd-Beiuș route. | 6,141,511 |
1643403 | New Munster Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New%20Munster%20Province | New Munster Province
New Munster Province
New Munster was an early original European name for the South Island of New Zealand, given by the Governor of New Zealand, Captain William Hobson, in honour of Munster, the Irish province in which he was born.
# Province.
When New Zealand was separated from the colony of New South Wales in 1840 and established as a colony in its own right, the Royal Charter effecting this provided that "the principal Islands, heretofore known as, or commonly called, the 'Northern Island', the 'Middle Island', and 'Stewart's Island', shall henceforward be designated and known respectively as 'New Ulster', 'New Munster', and 'New Leinster'". These divisions were at first of geographical | 6,141,512 |
1643403 | New Munster Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New%20Munster%20Province | New Munster Province
significance only, not used as a basis for the government of the colony, which was centralised in Auckland. New Munster referred solely to the South Island.
The situation was altered in 1846 when the New Zealand Constitution Act 1846 divided the colony into two provinces: New Ulster and New Munster. New Munster included the South Island and Stewart Island, plus the southern portion of the North Island up to the mouth of the Patea River. New Ulster consisted of the remainder of the North Island. These boundaries incorporated the Cook Strait settlements of Wellington and Nelson into one province, despite being on different islands. Each province had a Governor and Legislative and Executive Council, | 6,141,513 |
1643403 | New Munster Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New%20Munster%20Province | New Munster Province
in addition to the Governor-in-Chief and Legislative and Executive Council for the whole colony. Early in 1848 Edward John Eyre was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of New Munster. In 1851 the Provincial Legislative Councils were permitted to be partially elective.
The Provincial Council of New Munster had only one legislative session, in 1849, before it succumbed to the virulent attacks of the Wellington settlers. Governor George Grey, sensible to the pressures, inspired an ordinance of the General Legislative Council under which new Legislative Councils would be established in each province with two-thirds of their members elected on a generous franchise. Grey implemented the ordinance with | 6,141,514 |
1643403 | New Munster Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New%20Munster%20Province | New Munster Province
such deliberation that neither Council met before advice was received that the United Kingdom Parliament had passed the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852.
This act dissolved these provinces in 1853, after only seven years' existence, and New Munster was divided into the provinces of Wellington, Canterbury, Nelson, and Otago.
The New Munster Party seeks to revive New Munster as an independent republic separate from New Zealand.
# Government appointments.
- Sir Francis Dillon Bell: Appointed to the Legislative Council of the Province of New Munster.
- Alfred Domett: Colonial Secretary of New Munster.
- Edward John Eyre: Lieutenant-Governor of New Munster.
- Sir William Fox: Attorney-General | 6,141,515 |
1643403 | New Munster Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New%20Munster%20Province | New Munster Province
of New Munster, although his acceptance was later withdrawn.
- William Gisborne: Private secretary to the Lieutenant-Governor of New Munster.
- Sir David Munro: Appointed to the Legislative Council of the Province of New Munster.
- John Davies Ormond: Private secretary to the Lieutenant-Governor of New Munster and Clerk of the New Munster Executive Council.
- Mathew Richmond: Appointed to the Legislative Council of the Province of New Munster.
# External links.
- New Munster Armed Police Force
- 1844 New Munster Inwards Correspondence Register
- 1848 New Munster Inwards Correspondence Register
- Rulers.org
- Seal of New Munster
- A compendium of official documents relative to native | 6,141,516 |
1643403 | New Munster Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New%20Munster%20Province | New Munster Province
ointed to the Legislative Council of the Province of New Munster.
- John Davies Ormond: Private secretary to the Lieutenant-Governor of New Munster and Clerk of the New Munster Executive Council.
- Mathew Richmond: Appointed to the Legislative Council of the Province of New Munster.
# External links.
- New Munster Armed Police Force
- 1844 New Munster Inwards Correspondence Register
- 1848 New Munster Inwards Correspondence Register
- Rulers.org
- Seal of New Munster
- A compendium of official documents relative to native affairs in the South Island, Volume One
- A compendium of official documents relative to native affairs in the South Island, Volume Two
- The Seal of New Munster | 6,141,517 |
1643475 | Danish longball | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danish%20longball | Danish longball
Danish longball
Danish Longball (also known as "Swedish longball") is a bat-and-ball game founded in Denmark. It is popular in some British secondary schools , and is also played recreationally by scouts, the Air Training Corps and by the British Navy and Australian Navy. It is also a popular sport at U.S. summer camps.
# Play.
Danish Longball can be described as a hybrid of baseball and cricket. There is a modern variant that is based on football too. Each team takes turns batting and fielding. In British secondary schools in particular, an element of dodgeball is incorporated, with a player being "out" if he or she is hit with the ball (outside the safety zone) below the head whilst aiming | 6,141,518 |
1643475 | Danish longball | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danish%20longball | Danish longball
to get a run.
## Teams and positions.
Players are split into two teams, a batting team and a balling team. The batting team waits behind the batting goal ready to bat. The balling team is spread behind the batting goal and the safe goal ready to field.
## Field of play.
The batting field has two parts: Inside and outside a square (or circle). Fielders can position themselves inside or outside the square. The fielder who fields the ball cannot move with it rather they must pass it to another fielder in a better position to hit the runner.
## Equipment.
- ball, usually a tennis ball
- bat/tennis racket
- optional safety pads
## Rules.
The bowler pitches the ball to the batter, who must | 6,141,519 |
1643475 | Danish longball | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danish%20longball | Danish longball
use their bat to hit the ball. The ball must be hit within the field of play – the square. The ball must hit the ground at least once before it bounces or rolls off the field. The batter must then run to the other side of the square to a "safe zone". The runner may rest in safety, but to earn a "run" they must make it safely back to the original side of the square without getting out. Each side bats its entire line-up. Five rounds of play are recommended.
When played in Britain it is usually an alternative to Cricket, so timed innings may be used along with a set of stumps (though usually not a cricket ball, as the risk of injury is significantly raised rather than a tennis ball).
A player | 6,141,520 |
1643475 | Danish longball | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danish%20longball | Danish longball
When played in Britain it is usually an alternative to Cricket, so timed innings may be used along with a set of stumps (though usually not a cricket ball, as the risk of injury is significantly raised rather than a tennis ball).
A player is out if:
- the hit is caught by one of the fielding team
- the ball does not touch the ground of the marked area
- if the fielders hit a runner outside the safe-zones with the ball
- he/she runs outside the side lines of the square
A variant of the above is sometimes used: if a fielder hits a runner with the ball outside the safe-zones then the entire batting team is out.
# Winning the game.
The winning team is the one that scores the most runs. | 6,141,521 |
1643489 | Crimson (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crimson%20(disambiguation) | Crimson (disambiguation)
Crimson (disambiguation)
Crimson is a color.
Crimson or Krimson may also refer to:
# Colors.
Some varieties of the color crimson include:
- Alizarin crimson (color)
- Electric crimson
- Spanish crimson or "carmesi"
# Places.
- Crimson, the code name for Canada in the U.S.'s War Plan Red
# People.
- Crimson (wrestler), ring-name of American professional wrestler Anthony Mayweather
- Krimson (wrestler), ring-name of American professional wrestler Justin Carnes
# Arts, media, and entertainment.
## Comics and animation.
- "Crimson" (Wildstorm), a 1998 comic series by Humberto Ramos and Brian Augustyn
- Krimson, the main villain in the Belgian comics series "Suske & Wiske" ("Spike | 6,141,522 |
1643489 | Crimson (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crimson%20(disambiguation) | Crimson (disambiguation)
and Suzy")
## Fictional characters.
- Crimson (Marvel Comics), a Marvel Comics character and S.H.I.E.L.D. agent
- Crimson King, a character in Stephen King novels
- Crimson Chin, a character from "The Fairly OddParents"
- Crimson, a character from "The Ridonculous Race"
## Music.
- Crimson (band), an American Christian metal band
Albums
- "Crimson" (Alkaline Trio album), 2005
- "Crimson" (Code Red album), 2001
- "Crimson" (Edge of Sanity album), 1996
- "Crimson" (Nanase Aikawa album), 1998
- "Crimson" (Sentenced album), 2000
- "Crimson", by Akina Nakamori, 1986
- "Crimson 3.x", by VAST, 2003
Songs
- "The Crimson" (song), by Atreyu from "The Curse", 2004
## Periodicals.
- "The | 6,141,523 |
1643489 | Crimson (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crimson%20(disambiguation) | Crimson (disambiguation)
Crimson White" is the daily student newspaper at the University of Alabama
- "The Florida Tech Crimson", the official student newspaper of Florida Institute of Technology
- "The Harvard Crimson", the daily student newspaper of Harvard University
# Computing and software.
- "Crimson", a Java XML parser, which is part of Apache XML Project
- Crimson Editor, a freeware text editor
- SGI Crimson, a Silicon Graphics computer workstation
# Flora and fauna.
- Crimson clover ("Trifolium incarnatum"), a clover species native to Europe
- Crimson glory vine ("Vitis coignetiae"), a vine species native to Asia, the namesake of the color crimson glory
- Crimson sunbird ("Aethopyga siparaja"), the | 6,141,524 |
1643489 | Crimson (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crimson%20(disambiguation) | Crimson (disambiguation)
national bird of Singapore
# School colors and sports teams.
- Alabama Crimson and white, the official colors of the University of Alabama and its athletic teams, the Alabama Crimson Tide
- Harvard Crimson, the official color, along with white, and the nickname for the athletic teams of Harvard University, often referred to as "the Crimson Tide"
- IU crimson and cream, the official colors of Indiana University and its athletic teams, the Indiana Hoosiers]
- KU crimson and blue, the official colors of the University of Kansas and its athletic teams, the Kansas Jayhawks
- Oklahoma Crimson and Oklahoma Cream, the official colors of the University of Oklahoma and its athletic teams, known | 6,141,525 |
1643489 | Crimson (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crimson%20(disambiguation) | Crimson (disambiguation)
e"
- IU crimson and cream, the official colors of Indiana University and its athletic teams, the Indiana Hoosiers]
- KU crimson and blue, the official colors of the University of Kansas and its athletic teams, the Kansas Jayhawks
- Oklahoma Crimson and Oklahoma Cream, the official colors of the University of Oklahoma and its athletic teams, known as the Sooners
- Utah crimson, the official color of the University of Utah, whose athletic booster organization is called the Crimson Club
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute Crimson, one of the official colors of Worcester Polytechnic Institute and its athletic teams
# See also.
- Crimson Tide (disambiguation)
- King Crimson (disambiguation) | 6,141,526 |
1643412 | Scifaiku | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scifaiku | Scifaiku
Scifaiku
Scifaiku ("science fiction "haiku"") is a form of science fiction poetry first announced by Tom Brinck with his 1995 Scifaiku Manifesto. It is inspired by Japanese haiku, but explores science, science fiction (SF), and other speculative fiction themes, such as fantasy and horror. They are based on the principles and form of haiku but can deviate from its structure.
Scifaiku follow three major principles – minimalism, immediacy and human insight:
- Scifaiku follows the haiku model, including its spirit of minimalism. While traditional Japanese haiku usually has 3 phrases of 5, 7, and 5 on ("sound symbols"), haiku in English usually has seventeen (or fewer) syllables. Scifaiku is even | 6,141,527 |
1643412 | Scifaiku | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scifaiku | Scifaiku
more flexible and may be shorter or longer (allowing for longer technical terms, e.g. anisomorphism), although most often still written, as English language haiku, in three lines.
- Immediacy is the use of direct sensory perceptions to give a sense of being in the moment. Concrete, rather than abstract terms are used. Metaphor and allegory are rarely explicit though sometimes implied.
- Human insight comes from the idea that the purpose of much science fiction is to understand ourselves better through exploring possible futures or speculative realities.
# Science fiction haiku.
Before there was scifaiku on the Internet, there was science fiction haiku. Probably the earliest publication of | 6,141,528 |
1643412 | Scifaiku | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scifaiku | Scifaiku
science fiction haiku was Karen Anderson's "Six Haiku" ("The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction", July 1962). Below is number four of her six SF haiku.
Terry Pratchett included the following SF haiku as a chapter epigram in his early non-Discworld novel, "The Dark Side of the Sun" (1976).
It wasn't until 1979 that science fiction haiku were regularly published, with Robert Frazier's "Haiku for the L5" ("Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine", 1979) and "Haiku for the Space Shuttle" ("IASFM", 1980) starting the trend. In 1994, Michael Bishop's story "Cri di Coeur" (IASFM 1994) featured a haiku contest held on an interstellar ship, with the topic of haiku about astrophysics, subject to | 6,141,529 |
1643412 | Scifaiku | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scifaiku | Scifaiku
the constraint that (as in Japanese haiku) the poems must each feature a season. (The ten haiku featured in the story were written by Bishop and Geoffrey A. Landis).
The most extensive use of haiku in science fiction is in David Brin's Uplift Universe (especially in the novel Startide Rising), where the uplifted dolphins speak a haiku-like language called Trinary. He has characters quoting haiku by Kobayashi Issa and Yosa Buson, and has them spontaneously writing their own haiku. Outside of his Uplift Universe, Brin has haiku as chapter epigrams in his novel "The Postman".
One of the main characters in Neal Stephenson's "Cryptonomicon", Bobby Shaftoe, is a haiku-writing U.S. Marine Raider | 6,141,530 |
1643412 | Scifaiku | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scifaiku | Scifaiku
during World War II. The book's prologue starts with one of his very rough haiku :
Zoe's boyfriend, in John Scalzi's 2008 novel "Zoe's Tale", sends a haiku to her PDA.
Two of the more famous science fiction authors who have also written science fiction haiku are Joe Haldeman and Thomas M. Disch. The author Paul O. Williams, who has written a series of science fiction books as well as books of regular haiku and senryū, has combined both interests with some published science fiction haiku.
# Scifaiku mailing lists.
There have been three different Internet scifaiku mailing lists in succession. These mailing lists have been the primary base for the writing and sharing of scifaiku on the internet.
The | 6,141,531 |
1643412 | Scifaiku | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scifaiku | Scifaiku
original sciFaiku mailing list was a Univ. of Michigan-based listserv (where Tom Brinck was in graduate school). The first post on the list was on 23 July 1996.
Later on there was a mailing list organized through scifaiku.com (first post 15 February 1998). After problems with that mailing list server, the scifaiku list moved to Yahoo! Groups on 17 March 2001. As of 22 July 2006 there have been over 13,000 posts just on the scifaiku mailing list at Yahoo! Groups. From the home page: This group is for the writing and sharing of science fiction haiku (aka scifaiku). We also occasionally write similar genres, such as fantasy haiku and horror haiku. The members also write SF poems using other short | 6,141,532 |
1643412 | Scifaiku | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scifaiku | Scifaiku
poetry forms, such as waka, senryū, sijo, kanshi, etc.
Group members have also created a few of their own poetry forms, such as the "contrail" and the "Fibonacci-No-Haiku" (based upon the Fibonacci number), written SF poetry based on other short poetry forms such as the cinquain, and experimented with a number of collaborative poetry forms such as science fiction renga and stellarenga.
# Scifaiku and science fiction haiku publications.
- "Slippage", a bi-annual, online literary magazine bridging the worlds of art and science
- "Haiku by Unohu" by Keith Allen Daniels, Anamnesis Press, April 2000, (because most of the poems are humorous, they could be best be described as science fiction senryū)
- | 6,141,533 |
1643412 | Scifaiku | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scifaiku | Scifaiku
"Scifaikuest", a quarterly online and print short-form SFF poetry journal from Alban Lake Publishing (formerly Sam's Dot Publishing) ISSN 1558-9757
- "Stellar Possibilities" by John J. Dunphy, Sam's Dot Publishing, 2006 (a collection of scifaiku and haibun)
- "Red Planet Dust" by Deborah P. Kolodji, Gromagon Press, 2006 (a chapbook of scifaiku)
- "A Nameless Place" by Joanne Morcom, Sam's Dot Publishing, 2006 (a chapbook of scifaiku, tanka and haibun)
- "Random Planets" edited by Teri Santitoro and L.A. Story Houry, Sam's Dot Publishing (an anthology of scifaiku)
- "Dwarf Stars: 30 Stellar Short-Short Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Poems from 2004", edited by Deborah P. Kolodji, 2005 | 6,141,534 |
1643412 | Scifaiku | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scifaiku | Scifaiku
(an anthology of scifaiku and other very short speculative fiction poems; the first in an annual series published by the Science Fiction Poetry Association)
- "Instantaneous (In)sanity" by Jess C Scott, jessINK Publishing, 2012 (a poetry anthology that features scifaiku)
# Awards.
The Science Fiction Poetry Association gives out the Dwarf Stars Award for the best short-short speculative poem each year, including scifaiku and related short-short science-fictional poetry (defined as under ten lines in length). The nominees for the award are published in an annual anthology, "Dwarf Stars".
# External links.
- SciFaiku.com.
- Scifaiku Manifesto.
- mailing list at Yahoo! Groups
- Rethinking | 6,141,535 |
1643412 | Scifaiku | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scifaiku | Scifaiku
iation gives out the Dwarf Stars Award for the best short-short speculative poem each year, including scifaiku and related short-short science-fictional poetry (defined as under ten lines in length). The nominees for the award are published in an annual anthology, "Dwarf Stars".
# External links.
- SciFaiku.com.
- Scifaiku Manifesto.
- mailing list at Yahoo! Groups
- Rethinking The Scifaiku Manifesto
- The Periodic Table of Haiku (archived version)
- Chemical Elements Reduced to Words "All Things Considered", June 9, 2005 · Melissa Block and Robert Siegel read scifaiku from the "Periodic Table of Haiku"
- Five Haiku by Geoffrey A. Landis (astronomy haiku from http://astropoetica.com) | 6,141,536 |
1643511 | Multiplicative quantum number | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiplicative%20quantum%20number | Multiplicative quantum number
Multiplicative quantum number
In quantum field theory, multiplicative quantum numbers are conserved quantum numbers of a special kind. A given quantum number "q" is said to be additive if in a particle reaction the sum of the "q"-values of the interacting particles is the same before and after the reaction. Most conserved quantum numbers are additive in this sense; the electric charge is one example. A multiplicative quantum number "q" is one for which the corresponding product, rather than the sum, is preserved.
Any conserved quantum number is a symmetry of the Hamiltonian of the system (see Noether's theorem). Symmetry groups which are examples of the abstract group called Z give rise to | 6,141,537 |
1643511 | Multiplicative quantum number | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiplicative%20quantum%20number | Multiplicative quantum number
multiplicative quantum numbers. This group consists of an operation, P, whose square is the identity, P = 1. Thus, all symmetries which are mathematically similar to parity (physics) give rise to multiplicative quantum numbers.
In principle, multiplicative quantum numbers can be defined for any abelian group. An example would be to trade the electric charge, Q, (related to the abelian group U(1) of electromagnetism), for the new quantum number exp(2"i"π "Q"). Then this becomes a multiplicative quantum number by virtue of the charge being an additive quantum number. However, this route is usually followed only for discrete subgroups of U(1), of which Z finds the widest possible use.
# See also.
- | 6,141,538 |
1643511 | Multiplicative quantum number | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiplicative%20quantum%20number | Multiplicative quantum number
ty (physics) give rise to multiplicative quantum numbers.
In principle, multiplicative quantum numbers can be defined for any abelian group. An example would be to trade the electric charge, Q, (related to the abelian group U(1) of electromagnetism), for the new quantum number exp(2"i"π "Q"). Then this becomes a multiplicative quantum number by virtue of the charge being an additive quantum number. However, this route is usually followed only for discrete subgroups of U(1), of which Z finds the widest possible use.
# See also.
- Parity, C-symmetry, T-symmetry and G-parity
# References.
- "Group theory and its applications to physical problems, by M. Hamermesh" (Dover publications, 1990) | 6,141,539 |
1643491 | OK (dinghy) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OK%20(dinghy) | OK (dinghy)
OK (dinghy)
The OK Dinghy is an international class sailing dinghy, designed by Knud Olsen in 1956.
# History.
In 1957 Axel Dangaard Olsen of Seattle, asked the Danish yacht designer Knud Olsen to prepare drawings for a light and fast single-handed sailing dinghy based on conventional plywood construction. The resulting design was named the "OK", using Knud Olsen's initials in reverse.
The OK was intended as a preparation class for the Olympic Finn and it has followed its technical evolution ever since. The rig is identical to a Finn comprising a single sail set on a rotating, un-stayed, bending mast.
OKs are built in plywood, G.R.P and composite construction; all forms enjoy equal racing | 6,141,540 |
1643491 | OK (dinghy) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OK%20(dinghy) | OK (dinghy)
success. Freedom of choice in hull materials is replicated in choice of rig. The choice of mast, sail and fittings must fit within the class rules but enables all sailors to have a combination suited to their own requirements. Consequently, every OK develops to suit the owner's style of sailing, while the shape of the hull is defined by a comprehensive set of strict one-design rules ensuring a long competitive life span. Old boats often only need a rig update and minor constructional modifications to make them competitive, provided they meet modern buoyancy requirements.
In the 60s and 70s, the OK class enjoyed an explosive success, with the total number of boats exceeding 10,000, and large | 6,141,541 |
1643491 | OK (dinghy) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OK%20(dinghy) | OK (dinghy)
racing fleets building up. In the 80s, the success of the popular one-design single-handed Laser affected the success of the OK.
In the eastern European countries, the OK was the official youth single hander and after the breakdown of the socialist system, many 'old' sailors came back to the class of their youth, now with their own boats instead of club-owned.
The OK Dinghy was selected as the Open class single hander for the Asian Games 1998.
In 2003 carbon fibre masts were introduced to the class.
In 2005, there was a revival of the OK class with many older boats being restored and updated, new boats being built and participation in club races rising.
The 50th anniversary of the design | 6,141,542 |
1643491 | OK (dinghy) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OK%20(dinghy) | OK (dinghy)
socialist system, many 'old' sailors came back to the class of their youth, now with their own boats instead of club-owned.
The OK Dinghy was selected as the Open class single hander for the Asian Games 1998.
In 2003 carbon fibre masts were introduced to the class.
In 2005, there was a revival of the OK class with many older boats being restored and updated, new boats being built and participation in club races rising.
The 50th anniversary of the design of the OK dinghy was marked by the largest ever OK Dinghy World Championships held at Łeba on the Polish coast in July 2007.
# See also.
Knud Olsen
# External links.
- OK Dinghy - International Association
- ISAF OK Dinghy Microsite | 6,141,543 |
1643492 | Cosmic latte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cosmic%20latte | Cosmic latte
Cosmic latte
Cosmic latte is a name assigned to the average color of the universe, found by a team of astronomers from Johns Hopkins University. In 2001, Karl Glazebrook and comrade Ivan Baldry determined that the average color of the universe was a greenish white, but they soon corrected their analysis in a 2002 paper in which they reported that their survey of the light from over 200,000 galaxies averaged to a slightly beigeish white. The hex triplet value for cosmic latte is #FFF8E7.
# Discovery of the color.
Finding the average color of the universe was not the focus of the study. Rather, the study examined spectral analysis of different galaxies to study star formation. Like Fraunhofer | 6,141,544 |
1643492 | Cosmic latte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cosmic%20latte | Cosmic latte
lines, the dark lines displayed in the study's spectral ranges display older and younger stars and allow Glazebrook and Baldry to determine the age of different galaxies and star systems. What the study revealed is that the overwhelming majority of stars formed about 5 billion years ago. Because these stars would have been "brighter" in the past, the color of the universe changes over time shifting from blue to red as more blue stars change to yellow and eventually red giants.
As light from distant galaxies reaches the Earth, the average "color of the universe" (as seen from Earth) tends towards pure white, due to the light coming from the stars when they were much younger and bluer.
## Naming | 6,141,545 |
1643492 | Cosmic latte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cosmic%20latte | Cosmic latte
of the color.
The corrected color was initially published on the Johns Hopkins News website and updated on the team's initial announcement. Multiple news outlets, including NPR and BBC, displayed the color in stories and some relayed the request by Glazebrook on the announcement asking for suggestions for names, jokingly adding all were welcome as long as they were not "beige".
These were the results of a vote of the scientists involved based on the new color:
Though Drum's suggestion of "cappuccino cosmico" received the most votes, the researchers favored Drum's other suggestion, "cosmic latte". This is because the similar "Latteo" means "Milky" in Italian, Galileo's native language. It | 6,141,546 |
1643492 | Cosmic latte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cosmic%20latte | Cosmic latte
most votes, the researchers favored Drum's other suggestion, "cosmic latte". This is because the similar "Latteo" means "Milky" in Italian, Galileo's native language. It also leads to the similarity to the Italian term for the Milky Way, "Via Lattea", and they enjoyed the fact that the color would be similar to the Milky Way's average color as well, as it is part of the sum of the universe. They also claimed to be "caffeine biased".
Drum came up with the name while sitting in a Starbucks drinking a latte and reading the "Washington Post". Drum noticed that the color of the universe as displayed in the newspaper was the same color as his latte.
# External links.
- Official project website: | 6,141,547 |
1643483 | Joseph Sambrook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph%20Sambrook | Joseph Sambrook
Joseph Sambrook
Joseph Frank Sambrook (born 1 March 1939 in Liverpool, England) is a British molecular biologist known for his studies of DNA oncoviruses and the molecular biology of normal and cancerous cells. He resides in Melbourne, Australia with his wife and daughter.
# Education and early career.
Sambrook was educated at the University of Liverpool (BSc (hons) 1962) and obtained his PhD at the Australian National University in 1966. He did postdoctoral research at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (1966–67) and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies (1967–69). In 1969 he was hired by James D. Watson to work at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York. Watson has been reported | 6,141,548 |
1643483 | Joseph Sambrook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph%20Sambrook | Joseph Sambrook
to say this was the best hiring decision he ever made. Joe was responsible for creating a combative creative environment at CSHL that fomented discovery. Subsequently he worked at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (Dallas).
# Achievements.
Sambrook is best known for his studies on DNA tumor viruses and the molecular biology of normal and neoplastic cells. His Tumour Virus Group at Cold Spring Harbor identified and mapped all of the major genes of adenoviruses and SV40, determined their transcriptional control in infected and transformed cells, and elucidated the mechanism of integration of these viruses into the genome of the host cell. He has also made important contributions | 6,141,549 |
1643483 | Joseph Sambrook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph%20Sambrook | Joseph Sambrook
to the understanding of intracellular traffic and protein folding and is an influential leader in the field of the molecular genetics of human cancer.
Sambrook is a former Director of Research at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre in Melbourne. He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 2000. and is a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was the founder and director of the Kathleen Cunningham Consortium for research into familial breast cancer, KConFab, that was established in 1995.
Sambrook has published four editions of the best-selling, highly influential laboratory manual "Molecular Cloning", the third in 2001 with David Russell and the fourth in 2012 with Michael R. Green. | 6,141,550 |
1643483 | Joseph Sambrook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph%20Sambrook | Joseph Sambrook
is a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was the founder and director of the Kathleen Cunningham Consortium for research into familial breast cancer, KConFab, that was established in 1995.
Sambrook has published four editions of the best-selling, highly influential laboratory manual "Molecular Cloning", the third in 2001 with David Russell and the fourth in 2012 with Michael R. Green. He is also co-editor of "Inspiring Science: Jim Watson and the Age of DNA" and "Life Illuminated: Selected Papers from Cold Spring Harbor Volume 2, 1972–1994". All three books were published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
In 2009 he was awarded the "Victorian Government Leadership and Innovation Award". | 6,141,551 |
1643523 | Adamawa Plateau | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adamawa%20Plateau | Adamawa Plateau
Adamawa Plateau
The Adamawa Plateau () is a plateau region in central Africa stretching from south-eastern Nigeria through north-central Cameroon (Adamawa and North Provinces) to the Central African Republic. The plateau was named after Fulani Muslim leader Modibo Adama. The part of the plateau that lies in Nigeria is more popularly known as Gotel Mountains. The Adamawa Plateau is the source of many waterways, including the Benue River. It is important for its deposits of bauxite. The average elevation is about 3,300 feet (1,000 meters), but elevations can reach as high as 8,700 feet (2,650 meters). The vegetation is mostly savanna, and is sparsely populated. Cattle raising is the main occupation | 6,141,552 |
1643523 | Adamawa Plateau | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adamawa%20Plateau | Adamawa Plateau
gh north-central Cameroon (Adamawa and North Provinces) to the Central African Republic. The plateau was named after Fulani Muslim leader Modibo Adama. The part of the plateau that lies in Nigeria is more popularly known as Gotel Mountains. The Adamawa Plateau is the source of many waterways, including the Benue River. It is important for its deposits of bauxite. The average elevation is about 3,300 feet (1,000 meters), but elevations can reach as high as 8,700 feet (2,650 meters). The vegetation is mostly savanna, and is sparsely populated. Cattle raising is the main occupation in the area.
The endangered toad "Amietophrynus djohongensis" is only known from the Adamawa Plateau in Cameroon. | 6,141,553 |
1643538 | The Great Songs of Roy Orbison | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Great%20Songs%20of%20Roy%20Orbison | The Great Songs of Roy Orbison
The Great Songs of Roy Orbison
The Great Songs of Roy Orbison is an album recorded by Roy Orbison for MGM Records that was released in the United States in February 1970.
# Track listing.
All tracks composed by Roy Orbison and Bill Dees, except where indicated
- Side one
- 2. "Breakin' Up Is Breakin' My Heart" (P) 1966
- 3. "Cry Softly Lonely One" (Joe Melson, Don Gant) (P) 1967
- 4. "Penny Arcade" (Sammy King) (P) 1969
- 5. "Ride Away" (P) 1965
- 6. "Southbound Jericho Parkway" (Bobby Bond) (P) 1969
- Side two
- 2. "Crawling Back" (P) 1965
- 3. "Heartache" (P) 1968
- 4. "Too Soon to Know" (Don Gibson) (P) 1966
- 5. "My Friend" (P) 1966
- 6. "Here Comes the Rain, Baby" (Mickey | 6,141,554 |
1643538 | The Great Songs of Roy Orbison | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Great%20Songs%20of%20Roy%20Orbison | The Great Songs of Roy Orbison
osed by Roy Orbison and Bill Dees, except where indicated
- Side one
- 2. "Breakin' Up Is Breakin' My Heart" (P) 1966
- 3. "Cry Softly Lonely One" (Joe Melson, Don Gant) (P) 1967
- 4. "Penny Arcade" (Sammy King) (P) 1969
- 5. "Ride Away" (P) 1965
- 6. "Southbound Jericho Parkway" (Bobby Bond) (P) 1969
- Side two
- 2. "Crawling Back" (P) 1965
- 3. "Heartache" (P) 1968
- 4. "Too Soon to Know" (Don Gibson) (P) 1966
- 5. "My Friend" (P) 1966
- 6. "Here Comes the Rain, Baby" (Mickey Newbury) (P) 1967
Produced by Wesley Rose and Jim Vienneaubr
except "My Friend" & "Southbound Jericho Parkway" Produced by Don Gantbr
Arrangers: Bill McElhiney, Jim Hall, Emory Gordy, Jr., Tupper Saussy | 6,141,555 |
1643482 | Tool bit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool%20bit | Tool bit
Tool bit
A tool bit is a non-rotary cutting tool used in metal lathes, shapers, and planers. Such cutters are also often referred to by the set-phrase name of single-point cutting tool, as distinguished from other cutting tools such as a saw or water jet cutter. The cutting edge is ground to suit a particular machining operation and may be resharpened or reshaped as needed. The ground tool bit is held rigidly by a tool holder while it is cutting.
# Geometry.
Back rake is to help control the direction of the chip, which naturally curves into the work due to the difference in length from the outer and inner parts of the cut. It also helps counteract the pressure against the tool from the work | 6,141,556 |
1643482 | Tool bit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool%20bit | Tool bit
by pulling the tool into the work.
Side Rake along with back rake controls the chip flow and partly counteracts the resistance of the work to the movement of the cutter and can be optimized to suit the particular material being cut. Brass for example requires a back and side rake of 0 degrees while aluminum uses a back rake of 35 degrees and a side rake of 15 degrees.
Nose Radius makes the finish of the cut smoother as it can overlap the previous cut and eliminate the peaks and valleys that a pointed tool produces. Having a radius also strengthens the tip, a sharp point being quite fragile.
All the other angles are for clearance in order that no part of the tool besides the actual cutting | 6,141,557 |
1643482 | Tool bit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool%20bit | Tool bit
edge can touch the work. The front clearance angle is usually 8 degrees while the side clearance angle is 10-15 degrees and partly depends on the rate of feed expected.
Minimum angles which do the job required are advisable because the tool gets weaker as the edge gets keener due to the lessening support behind the edge and the reduced ability to absorb heat generated by cutting.
The Rake angles on the top of the tool need not be precise in order to cut but to cut efficiently there will be an optimum angle for back and side rake.
# Materials.
## Steels.
Originally, all tool bits were made of high carbon tool steels with the appropriate hardening and tempering. Since the introductions of | 6,141,558 |
1643482 | Tool bit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool%20bit | Tool bit
high-speed steel (HSS) (early years of the 20th century), sintered carbide (1930s), ceramic and diamond cutters, those materials have gradually replaced the earlier kinds of tool steel in almost all cutting applications. Most tool bits today are made of HSS, cobalt steel, or carbide.
## Carbides and ceramics.
Carbide, ceramics (such as cubic boron nitride) and diamond, having higher hardness than HSS, all allow faster material removal than HSS in most cases. Because these materials are more expensive and brittler than steel, typically the body of the cutting tool is made of steel, and a small cutting edge made of the harder material is attached. The cutting edge is usually either screwed or | 6,141,559 |
1643482 | Tool bit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool%20bit | Tool bit
clamped on (in this case it is called an insert), or brazed on to a steel shank (this is usually only done for carbide).
# Inserts.
Almost all high-performance cutting tools use indexable inserts. There are several reasons for this. First of all, at the very high cutting speeds and feeds supported by these materials, the cutting tip can reach temperatures high enough to melt the brazing material holding it to the shank. Economics are also important; inserts are made symmetrically so that when the first cutting edge is dull they can be rotated, presenting a fresh cutting edge. Some inserts are even made so that they can be flipped over, giving as many as 16 cutting edges per insert. There are | 6,141,560 |
1643482 | Tool bit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool%20bit | Tool bit
many types of inserts: some for roughing, some for finishing. Others are made for specialized jobs like cutting threads or grooves. The industry employs standardized nomenclature to describe inserts by shape, material, coating material, and size.
# Form tools.
A form tool is precision-ground into a pattern that resembles the part to be formed. The form tool can be used as a single operation and therefore eliminate many other operations from the slides (front, rear and/or vertical) and the turret, such as box tools. A form tool turns one or more diameters while feeding into the work. Before the use of form tools, diameters were turned by multiple slide and turret operations, and thus took more | 6,141,561 |
1643482 | Tool bit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool%20bit | Tool bit
work to make the part. For example, a form tool can turn many diameters and in addition can also cut off the part in a single operation and eliminate the need to index the turret. For single-spindle machines, bypassing the need to index the turret can dramatically increase hourly part production rates.
On long-running jobs it is common to use a "roughing tool" on a different slide or turret station to remove the bulk of the material to reduce wear on the form tool.
There are different types of form tools. Insert form tools are the most common for short- to medium-range jobs (50 to 20,000 pcs). Circular form tools are usually for longer jobs, since the tool wear can be ground off the tool tip | 6,141,562 |
1643482 | Tool bit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool%20bit | Tool bit
many times as the tool is rotated in its holder. There is also a skiving tool that can be used for light finishing cuts. Form tools can be made of cobalt steel, carbide, or high-speed steel. Carbide requires additional care because it is very brittle and will chip if chatter occurs.
A drawback when using form tools is that the feed into the work is usually slow, 0.0005" to 0.0012" per revolution depending on the width of the tool. Wide form tools create more heat and usually are problematic for chatter. Heat and chatter reduces tool life. Also, form tools wider than 2.5 times the smaller diameter of the part being turned have a greater risk of the part breaking off. When turning longer lengths, | 6,141,563 |
1643482 | Tool bit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool%20bit | Tool bit
a support from the turret can be used to increase turning length from 2.5 times to 5 times the smallest diameter of the part being turned, and this also can help reduce chatter. Despite the drawbacks, the elimination of extra operations often makes using form tools the most efficient option.
# Toolholders.
By confining the expensive hard cutting tip to the part doing the actual cutting, the cost of tooling is reduced. The supporting tool holder can then be made from a tougher steel, which besides being cheaper is also usually better suited to the task, being less brittle than the cutting-edge materials.
The tool holders may also be designed to introduce additional properties to the cutting | 6,141,564 |
1643482 | Tool bit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool%20bit | Tool bit
action, such as
- Angular approach - direction of tool travel.
- Spring loading - deflection of the tool bit "away" from the material when excessive load is applied.
- Variable overhang - the tool bit may be extended or retracted as the job requires.
- Rigidity - the tool holder can be "sized" according to the work to be performed.
- Direct cutting fluid or coolant to the work area.
Note that since stiffness (rather than strength) is usually the design driver of a tool holder, the steel used doesn't need to be particularly hard or strong as there is relatively little difference between the stiffnesses of most steel alloys.
## Holders used on lathes.
### Bit holder and toolpost.
The | 6,141,565 |
1643482 | Tool bit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool%20bit | Tool bit
"toolpost" is the part of a metalworking lathe which either holds the tool bit directly or holds a toolholder which contains the tool bit. There are a great variety of designs for toolposts (including basic toolposts, rocker toolposts, quick-change toolposts, and toolpost turrets) and toolholders (with varying geometry and features).
### Box tool.
A box tool is mounted on the turret of a turret lathe or screw machine. It is essentially a toolpost that brings its follower rest along with it. A tool bit (or several tool bits) and a compact follower rest (usually V-shaped or with two rollers) are mounted opposite each other in a body which surrounds the workpiece (forms a "box" around it). As | 6,141,566 |
1643482 | Tool bit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool%20bit | Tool bit
the tool bit puts a lateral deflecting force on the workpiece, the follower rest opposes it, providing rigidity. A different and popular type of box tool uses two rollers rather than a follower rest. One roller is called a "sizing roller" and the other roller is called a "burnishing roller". The rollers turn with the stock to reduce scarring on the finished turn. Opposing tool bits may be used (instead of a rest) to cancel each other's deflecting forces (called a "balanced turning tool"), in which case the box tool begins to overlap in form, function, and identity with a hollow mill.
## Holders used on shapers, slotters, and planers.
### Clapper box.
Shapers, slotters, and planers often employ | 6,141,567 |
1643482 | Tool bit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool%20bit | Tool bit
a kind of toolholder called a "clapper box" that swings freely on the return stroke of the ram or bed. On the next cutting stroke, it "claps" back into cutting position. Its movement is analogous to that of a butterfly-style check valve.
## Holders used on milling machines.
### Fly cutters.
Fly cutters are a type of milling cutter in which one or two tool bits are mounted. The bits spin around with the rotation of the spindle, taking facing cuts. Fly cutters are an application of tool bits where the bits are part of a rotary unit (whereas most other tool bit use is linear).
# History.
Tool bits have been used for centuries, yet their further technological development continues even today. | 6,141,568 |
1643482 | Tool bit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool%20bit | Tool bit
Before about 1900, almost all tool bits were made by their users, and many machine shops had forges. In fact, good machinists were expected to have blacksmithing knowledge, and although the chemistry and physics of the heat treatment of steel were not well understood (as compared with today's sciences), the practical "art" of heat treatment was quite advanced, and something that most skilled metalworkers were comfortably acquainted with. Tool bits were made of carbon tool steels, which have high enough carbon content to take hardening well. Each bit was forged with a hammer, quenched, and then ground with a grindstone. The exact details of the heat treatment and tip geometry were a matter of | 6,141,569 |
1643482 | Tool bit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool%20bit | Tool bit
individual experience and preference.
A substantial technological advance occurred in the 1890–1910 period, when Frederick Winslow Taylor applied scientific methods to the study of tool bits and their cutting performance (including their geometry, metallurgy, and heat treatment, and the resulting speeds and feeds, depths of cut, metal-removal rates, and tool life). Along with Maunsel White and various assistants, he developed high speed steels (whose properties come from both their alloying element mixtures and their heat treatment methods). His cutting experiments chewed through tons of workpiece material, consumed thousands of tool bits, and generated mountains of chips. They were sponsored | 6,141,570 |
1643482 | Tool bit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool%20bit | Tool bit
in large part by William Sellers (a principal of Midvale Steel and Cramp's shipyard) and later by Bethlehem Steel. Not only did Taylor develop new materials to make single-point cutters from, but he also determined optimum geometry (rake angles, clearance angles, nose radiuses, etc.). He developed Taylor's Equation for Tool Life Expectancy. After Taylor, it was no longer taken for granted that the black art of individual craftsmen represented the highest level of metalworking technology. This was part of a larger trend during the 19th and 20th centuries by which science was mixed with art in the material culture of everyday life (applied science).
Stellite soon joined high speed steels as a | 6,141,571 |
1643482 | Tool bit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool%20bit | Tool bit
material for single-point cutters. Although diamond turning had been around for a long time, it was not until these new, expensive metals came about that the idea of cutting inserts became commonly applied in machining. Before this, most single-point cutters were forged entirely of tool steel (then ground at the tip). Now it became more common to attach a separate tip (of one material) to a holder (of another). With the development of commercially available cemented carbide (1920s) and ceramic inserts (post-WWII), this trend accelerated, because carbide and ceramic are even more expensive and even less suited to serving as a shank. The technological development, however, did not immediately | 6,141,572 |
1643482 | Tool bit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool%20bit | Tool bit
displace the older ways. Between 1900 and 1950, it was still not uncommon for a machinist to forge a tool from carbon tool steel.
Today, among the single-point cutters used in mass production (such as of automotive parts), insert tools using carbide and ceramic far outnumber HSS or cobalt steel tools. In other machining contexts (e.g., job shops, toolrooms, and hobbyist practice), the latter are still well represented. An entire system of industry-standard notation has been developed to name each insert geometry type. The number of carbide and ceramic formulations continues to expand, and diamond is used more than ever before. Speeds, feeds, depths of cut, and temperatures at the cutting interface | 6,141,573 |
1643482 | Tool bit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tool%20bit | Tool bit
ber of carbide and ceramic formulations continues to expand, and diamond is used more than ever before. Speeds, feeds, depths of cut, and temperatures at the cutting interface continue to rise (the latter counterbalanced by copious cooling via liquid, air, or aerosols), and cycle times continue to shrink. Competition among product manufacturers to lower the unit costs of production continually drives technological development by the tool manufacturers, as long as the costs of R&D and tooling purchase amortization are lower than the amount of money saved by productivity increases (e.g., wage expense reduction).
# See also.
- Tool wear
- Diamond tools
- Balancing machine
- Tool management | 6,141,574 |
1643542 | Knud Olsen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Knud%20Olsen | Knud Olsen
Knud Olsen
Knud Olsen (1919 in Præstø – 31 August 2010 in Bandholm) was a Danish builder and designer of boats, who designed one of the most popular sailing dinghies in use over the past 50 years, the OK Dinghy, which became an ISAF International Class in 1974.
Olsen went on to design sailboats built in the town of Bandholm under that name. The Bandholm boats were built between 20 and 35 feet long starting in 1961 and until the builders went under in the late 80s.
# Biography.
Olsen was born in 1919 in Præstø, Denmark. In 1939, he and his brother, Bjørn, formed a boatbuilding business and designed and built several boats until a shortage of boatbuilding material caused by World War II ended | 6,141,575 |
1643542 | Knud Olsen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Knud%20Olsen | Knud Olsen
the business. In the early 1950s, he joined the Danish company, A. P. Botved, who were producing speedboats, and worked there until he started his own business in Bandholm in 1961. He designed and built a number of boats including the Bandholm 26, the Bianca 27 and the Great Dane 28, which were the first Danish boats to be built using fibreglass hulls, the Bandholm 20, Bandholm 30, the Mariboat and the Bandholm 24.
In 1956, Danish architect, Axel Damgaard Olsen, asked Olsen to create a design for a light, fast, single-handed sailing dinghy that could be built and sailed by amateurs.
The outcome was the OK dinghy, which went on to be a classic design, became an ISAF International Class in 1974 | 6,141,576 |
1643542 | Knud Olsen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Knud%20Olsen | Knud Olsen
sign for a light, fast, single-handed sailing dinghy that could be built and sailed by amateurs.
The outcome was the OK dinghy, which went on to be a classic design, became an ISAF International Class in 1974 and is still used in international competition. The 50th anniversary of the design of the OK dinghy was marked by the largest ever OK Dinghy World Championships held at Łeba on the Polish coast in July 2007.
Knud Olsen died aged 90 on 31 August 2010 in his hometown Bandholm.
# Sources.
- Okdia: Knud Olsen
- OK Dinghy World Championships, Leba, Poland
- Sailworld.com: Largest ever OK Dinghy World Championships
- Welcome to the OK coral, Dansk Okjolle Klub
# See also.
- OK Dinghy | 6,141,577 |
1643486 | Felix Kulov | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Felix%20Kulov | Felix Kulov
Felix Kulov
Felix Sharshenbayevich Kulov (; , Feliks Şarşenbayeviç (Şarşenbay uulu) Kulov; born 29 October 1948) is a Kyrgyz politician who was Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 2005 to 2007, following the Tulip Revolution. He first served from 1 September 2005 until he resigned on 19 December 2006. President Kurmanbek Bakiyev reappointed him acting Prime Minister the same day, but parliamentary opposition meant Bakiyev's attempts to renominate Kulov in January 2007 were unsuccessful and on 29 January the assembly's members approved a replacement. Kulov cofounded and leads Ar-Namys, a political party, and chairs the People's Congress, an electoral alliance to which Ar-Namys belongs.
# Political | 6,141,578 |
1643486 | Felix Kulov | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Felix%20Kulov | Felix Kulov
career.
Kulov was born in Frunze (present-day Bishkek), and initially trained as a policeman. Between 1978 and 1998 he held various posts in the Kyrgyz government, including Minister of the Interior, Minister for National Security and Governor of Chuy Province. From 1992–1993 he was Vice President, in which position he oversaw the launch of the Kyrgyz currency, the Som. However, he was forced to resign following a scandal over missing gold reserves.
From 1998 to 1999 Kulov served as Mayor of Bishkek, becoming a popular politician in the city. In 1999 he participated in the formation of Ar-Namys, becoming its first leader. In February 2000 he announced his intention to run as a member of the | 6,141,579 |
1643486 | Felix Kulov | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Felix%20Kulov | Felix Kulov
Supreme Council. Kyrgyz police arrested him a month later for corruption. On 22 January 2001 a military court found him guilty and sentenced him to seven years in prison. He was cleared of all charges against him in 2005, and in 2010, the UN Human Rights Committee found several civil rights violations in his detention and trial.
# Kyrgyz revolution, 2005.
On March 24, 2005, Kulov was released during the Kyrgyz revolution (the Tulip Revolution) and appointed as co-ordinator of law enforcement and security services (effectively, the Kyrgyz head of security) by acting president and prime minister Kurmanbek Bakiyev. He resigned this position on March 30, saying that he had restored order.
On | 6,141,580 |
1643486 | Felix Kulov | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Felix%20Kulov | Felix Kulov
6 April a special working group of the Kyrgyz Supreme Court was formed to review Kulov's earlier prosecution and convictions, and by 11 April he had been cleared of all charges. During this time period Kulov was accused by politician and alleged crime figure Ryspek Akmatbayev of organising the murder of his brother Tynychbek, leading to a national wave of protests.
Kulov initially announced his intention to stand as a candidate for President in the elections scheduled for 10 July. It was unclear at first whether language would be a barrier to his election: the president is required by law to be fluent in the Kyrgyz language, and in common with many from the north of the country, Kulov's native | 6,141,581 |
1643486 | Felix Kulov | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Felix%20Kulov | Felix Kulov
tongue is Russian. The issue became moot, however, when he withdrew his candidacy in mid-May, pledging his support to Bakiyev. At that time he was also appointed Acting First Deputy Prime Minister. He was already expected to be appointed as Prime Minister by the elected President. Bakiyev won the election in July. He was sworn in on 11 August. He appointed Kulov acting prime minister. On 1 September 2005, Kulov was confirmed as Prime Minister by the Kyrgyz parliament, by a vote of 55 to 8.
# Kyrgyz politics since 2005.
Kulov served as Prime Minister until 19 December 2006 when he resigned, automatically triggering the dismissal of his cabinet per the Constitution. President Bakiyev immediately | 6,141,582 |
1643486 | Felix Kulov | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Felix%20Kulov | Felix Kulov
appointed him Acting Prime Minister. Bakiyev appointed Kulov Prime Minister again in mid-January 2007.
Parliamentarians voted 39 to 23 against the confirmation of Kulov, 15 votes short the minimum for confirmation, on 18 January 2007. Opposition Parliamentarian Azimbek Beknazarov told Kulov prior to the vote, "I may be wrong, but I believe your nomination will be rejected. Be brave and admit that you cannot perform your duties of prime minister. Admit that you have been unable to do so for the past year-and-a-half. I think it would be better if you refused [to be reappointed]. Be a man!"
President Bakiyev renominated Kulov the next day, since the new constitution permits the same candidate | 6,141,583 |
1643486 | Felix Kulov | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Felix%20Kulov | Felix Kulov
to be presented three times. The Kyrgyz Parliament's Constitution Committee ruled on 22 January 2007 that Bakiyev could not renominate Kulov because it violated the Constitution. Committee chairman Iskhak Masaliyev told Bakiyev to nominate someone else. Myrza Kaparov, Bakiyev's envoy to the Parliament disagreed, telling Parliamentarians, "We must also refer to the constitutional law on government, which says that the president has the right to submit the candidacy three times. If the Jorgorku Kenesh rejects his choice three times, you know all the consequences. Everything is clearly written in this law."
After Kulov's nomination failed for the second time on 26 January, the president nominated | 6,141,584 |
1643486 | Felix Kulov | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Felix%20Kulov | Felix Kulov
agriculture minister Azim Isabekov, a close associate of his and former deputy head of the Presidential Administration, on 26 January 2007.
In February, Kulov joined an opposition group, the United Front for a Worthy Future for Kyrgyzstan, which called for an early presidential election. As leader of the group, he has also supported the idea of establishing a confederation with Russia.
Anti-Bakiyev protests from April 11 to April 19, 2007 culminated with clashes between the protesters and the police, and Kulov was questioned in connection with the clashes on April 21, after initially refusing to appear for questioning on the previous day. Kulov blamed the authorities for the clashes. On August | 6,141,585 |
1643486 | Felix Kulov | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Felix%20Kulov | Felix Kulov
ential election. As leader of the group, he has also supported the idea of establishing a confederation with Russia.
Anti-Bakiyev protests from April 11 to April 19, 2007 culminated with clashes between the protesters and the police, and Kulov was questioned in connection with the clashes on April 21, after initially refusing to appear for questioning on the previous day. Kulov blamed the authorities for the clashes. On August 1, 2007, Kulov was charged with creating public disorder in connection with the clashes.
# External links.
- BBC News profile
- Ar-Namys Party biography
- Felix Kulov cleared of all charges
- Kyrgyzstan on the edge
- New Kyrgyzstan leader appoints key ministers | 6,141,586 |
1643419 | The Interpreter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Interpreter | The Interpreter
The Interpreter
The Interpreter is a 2005 political thriller film directed by Sydney Pollack, starring Nicole Kidman, Sean Penn, Catherine Keener, and Jesper Christensen. It is notable for being the first movie to have been shot inside the United Nations Headquarters in New York City.
# Plot.
The movie opens in a dusty African landscape: the Republic of Matobo, where rebel leader Ajene Xola (Curtiss Cook) is driving two men, Simon and Philippe, to the abandoned Centennial Stadium. They briefly discuss how President Edmond Zuwanie (Earl Cameron)'s regime has ruthlessly exterminated most of the population, and intimidated the survivors into silence. Upon their arrival at the stadium, they discover | 6,141,587 |
1643419 | The Interpreter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Interpreter | The Interpreter
that the informants are schoolboys, who point Ajene and Simon in the direction of corpses left by Zuwanie's security apparatus, while Philippe stays in the car.
Shouting lures Ajene and Simon back to the field, where they are promptly executed by the boys, who are revealed to be willing accomplices of Zuwanie's secret police. Upon hearing the gunshots, Philippe clambers out of the car and hides, taking pictures of a car arriving carrying Matoban officials, and then escapes the vicinity.
Meanwhile, Silvia Broome (Nicole Kidman) is an interpreter for the United Nations in New York City. Born in the United States to a British mother and white African father, she spent most of her life in her | 6,141,588 |
1643419 | The Interpreter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Interpreter | The Interpreter
father's homeland of Matobo (a stand-in for Zimbabwe), studied music in Johannesburg, linguistics at Sorbonne University, Paris, and various other European countries, and is a dual citizen of both Matobo and the United States (with the possibility of deriving British citizenship through her mother). Her diverse background leads to UN Security Chief Lee Wu (Clyde Kusatsu) wryly describing her as "being the UN".
The U.N. is considering indicting Zuwanie, to stand trial in the International Criminal Court. Initially a liberator, over the past 20 years he has become as corrupt and tyrannical as the government he overthrew, and is now responsible for ethnic cleansing and other atrocities within | 6,141,589 |
1643419 | The Interpreter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Interpreter | The Interpreter
Matobo. Zuwanie is soon to visit the U.N. and put forward his own case to the General Assembly, in an attempt to avoid the indictment.
A security scare caused by a malfunctioning metal detector forces the evacuation of the U.N. building, and, as Silvia returns at night to reclaim some personal belongings, she overhears two men discussing an assassination plot in Ku (the Matoban lingua franca). Silvia runs from the building when those discussing the plot become aware of her presence. The next day, Silvia recognizes words in a meeting, where she is interpreting, from phrases she overheard the night before, and reports the incident to U.N. security; the plot's target appears to be Zuwanie himself.
They, | 6,141,590 |
1643419 | The Interpreter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Interpreter | The Interpreter
in turn, call in the U.S. Secret Service, which assigns Dignitary Protection Division agents Tobin Keller (Sean Penn) and Dot Woods (Catherine Keener) to investigate, as well as protect Zuwanie when he arrives, as well as Zuwanie's personal head of security, Dutch mercenary Nils Lud (Jesper Christensen). Keller, whose estranged wife was accidentally killed just days earlier, learns that Silvia has, in the past, been involved in a Matoban guerrilla group, that her parents and sister were killed by land mines laid by Zuwanie's men, and that she has dated one of Zuwanie's political opponents. Although Keller is suspicious of Silvia's story, the two grow close, in part because of their shared grief, | 6,141,591 |
1643419 | The Interpreter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Interpreter | The Interpreter
and Keller ends up protecting her from attacks on her person.
Philippe calls Silvia to meet and informs her of Xola's death, but, unable to bear her grief, lies and says he doesn't know what happened to Simon (her brother). Silvia attempts to obtain information by way of Kuman-Kuman, an exiled Matoban minister living in New York, only to almost be killed in a bus bombing perpetrated by Gabonese national Jean Gamba, Nils Lud's right-hand man, and part of the opening scene's coterie.
Philippe is later found dead in his hotel room, and Silvia finds out that her brother was killed along with Ajene Xola (as shown in the opening scene). She narrowly avoids an assassination attempt by Gamba (who | 6,141,592 |
1643419 | The Interpreter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Interpreter | The Interpreter
Tobin kills) and leaves a voicemail on Tobin's phone saying she's going back home. Keller takes this to mean she's returning to Matobo, and dispatches an agent to intercept her at John F. Kennedy International Airport.
The purported assassin is discovered (and shot to death) while Zuwanie is in the middle of his address to the General Assembly, and security personnel rush Zuwanie to a safe room for his protection. Silvia, anticipating this, has been hiding in the safe room, and confronts Zuwanie and intends to kill him herself. Keller determines that the assassination plot is a false flag operation created by Zuwanie to gain credibility that his rivals are terrorists and to deter potential | 6,141,593 |
1643419 | The Interpreter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Interpreter | The Interpreter
supporters of his removal. Keller realizes that returning home means going to UN, and rushes to the safe room, just in time to prevent Silvia from murdering Zuwanie. Zuwanie is indicted, and Silvia reconciles with Tobin before leaving for Matobo.
# Cast.
- Nicole Kidman as Silvia Broome, United Nations interpreter
- Sean Penn as Tobin Keller, U.S. Secret Service agent assigned to Dignitary Protection Division
- Catherine Keener as Dot Woods, U.S. Secret Service agent and Tobin's partner
- Jesper Christensen as Nils Lud, head of security at the Matoban Permanent Representative to the United Nations
- Yvan Attal as Philippe Broullet, photographer for a French magazine and a Broome family | 6,141,594 |
1643419 | The Interpreter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Interpreter | The Interpreter
friend
- Earl Cameron as Edmond Zuwanie, President of the Republic of Matobo
- Curtiss Cook as Ajene Xola, leader of the African Freedom Party
- George Harris as Kuman-Kuman, exiled Matoban minister living in Brooklyn
- Michael Wright as Marcus
- Tsai Chin as Luan
- Clyde Kusatsu as Lee Wu, United Nations Security Chief
- Eric Keenleyside as Rory Robb
- Hugo Speer as Simon Broome, Silvia's brother
- Maz Jobrani as Mo, U.S. Secret Service agent
- Yusuf Gatewood as Doug, U.S. Secret Service agent
- Robert Clohessy as King, U.S. Secret Service agent
- Terry Serpico as Agent Lewis
- David Zayas as Charlie Russell
- Sydney Pollack as Jay Pettigrew
- Adrian Martinez as Roland
- Byron | 6,141,595 |
1643419 | The Interpreter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Interpreter | The Interpreter
Utley as Jean Gamba, Nils Lud's right-hand man
# Production.
"The Interpreter" was shot almost entirely in New York City. The opening sequence was shot in Mozambique with a support crew made up largely of South African nationals.
## Filming in U.N. buildings.
Parts of "The Interpreter" were filmed inside the U.N. General Assembly and Security Council chambers. The producers approached the U.N. about filming there before, but their request was turned down. The production would have relocated to Toronto with a constructed set; however, this would have substantially increased costs, and so Sydney Pollack approached then-Secretary-General Kofi Annan directly, and personally negotiated permission | 6,141,596 |
1643419 | The Interpreter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Interpreter | The Interpreter
to film inside the United Nations. Annan commented on "The Interpreter" that "the intention was really to do something dignified, something that is honest and reflects the work that this Organization does. And it is with that spirit that the producers and the directors approached their work, and I hope you will all agree they have done that."
Ambassadors at the U.N. had hoped to appear in the film, but actors were asked to play the roles of diplomats. Spain's U.N. Ambassador Inocencio Arias jokingly complained that his "opportunity to have a nomination for the Oscar next year went away because of some stupid regulation."
## Matobo and Ku.
The country "Republic of Matobo" and its corresponding | 6,141,597 |
1643419 | The Interpreter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Interpreter | The Interpreter
constructed language "Ku" were created for this film. The director of the "Centre for African Language Learning" in Covent Garden, London, England, Said el-Gheithy, was commissioned in January 2004 to create Ku. It is based on Bantu languages spoken in Eastern and Southern Africa, and is a cross between Swahili and Shona, with some unique elements.
In Ku, the film's tagline "The truth requires no translation" is "Angota ho ne njumata".
# Reception.
"The Interpreter" earned mixed reviews from critics, as it now holds a 56% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 192 reviews.
## Box office.
The picture was No. 1 In its opening weekend. According to Box Office Mojo, "The Interpreter" had a domestic | 6,141,598 |
1643419 | The Interpreter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Interpreter | The Interpreter
x office.
The picture was No. 1 In its opening weekend. According to Box Office Mojo, "The Interpreter" had a domestic gross of $72,708,161 and an international tally of $90,236,762, bringing the picture's worldwide gross to $162,944,923 versus an $80 million budget, so the film was considered a box office success.
# Awards.
In 2005, the Los Angeles Film Critics Association awarded Catherine Keener as Best Supporting Actress for her performances in several films, including "The Interpreter".
# See also.
- Ku (language)
- United Nations
- United Nations General Assembly
- United Nations Interpreters
- Matobo National Park
# External links.
- Dialogue transcript of "The Interpreter" | 6,141,599 |
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