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43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
little mark until his final year, when he played Puck in the school's production of "A Midsummer Night's Dream"; his performance was a tour de force that won him popularity among his fellow pupils. In January 1924, his brother left England to work in India as a rubber planter. Olivier missed him greatl... | 6,500 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
with a bursary to cover his tuition fees and living expenses. Olivier's sister had been a student there and was a favourite of Elsie Fogerty, the founder and principal of the school. Olivier later speculated that it was on the strength of this that Fogerty agreed to award him the bursary.
One of Olivi... | 6,501 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
work with small touring companies before being taken on in 1925 by Sybil Thorndike and her husband Lewis Casson as a bit-part player, understudy and assistant stage manager for their London company. He modelled his performing style on that of Gerald du Maurier, of whom he said, "He seemed to mutter on ... | 6,502 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
1926, on Thorndike's recommendation, Olivier joined the Birmingham Repertory Company. His biographer Michael Billington describes the Birmingham company as "Olivier's university", where in his second year he was given the chance to play a wide range of important roles, including Tony Lumpkin in "She St... | 6,503 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
daughter of the actors Henry V. Esmond and Eva Moore. Olivier later recounted that he thought "she would most certainly do excellent well for a wife ... I wasn't likely to do any better at my age and with my undistinguished track-record, so I promptly fell in love with her."
In 1928 Olivier created th... | 6,504 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
"The Manchester Guardian" commented, "Mr. Laurence Olivier did his best as Beau, but he deserves and will get better parts. Mr. Olivier is going to make a big name for himself". For the rest of 1929 Olivier appeared in seven plays, all of which were short-lived. Billington ascribes this failure rate to... | 6,505 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
During work on the latter film, for which he was paid £60, he met Laurence Evans, who became his personal manager. Olivier did not enjoy working in film, which he dismissed as "this anaemic little medium which could not stand great acting", but financially it was much more rewarding than his theatre wo... | 6,506 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
wish". Olivier later recounted that following the wedding he did not keep a diary for ten years and never followed religious practices again, although he considered those facts to be "mere coincidence", unconnected to the nuptials.
In 1930 Noël Coward cast Olivier as Victor Prynne in his new play "Pri... | 6,507 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
determined that two outstandingly attractive performers should play the parts. Olivier played Victor in the West End and then on Broadway; Adrianne Allen was Sybil in London, but could not go to New York, where the part was taken by Esmond. In addition to giving the 23-year-old Olivier his first succes... | 6,508 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
first film was the drama "Friends and Lovers", in a supporting role, before RKO loaned him to Fox Studios for his first film lead, a British journalist in a Russia under martial law in "The Yellow Ticket", alongside Elissa Landi and Lionel Barrymore. The cultural historian Jeffrey Richards describes Ol... | 6,509 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
returned to London, where he appeared in two British films, "Perfect Understanding" with Gloria Swanson and "No Funny Business"—in which Esmond also appeared. He was tempted back to Hollywood in 1933 to appear opposite Greta Garbo in "Queen Christina", but was replaced after two weeks of filming becaus... | 6,510 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
George S. Kaufman and Edna Ferber's "Theatre Royal". His success was vitiated by his breaking an ankle two months into the run, in one of the athletic, acrobatic stunts with which he liked to enliven his performances.
In 1935, under Albery's management, John Gielgud staged "Romeo and Juliet" at the Ne... | 6,511 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
was enraged at the notices after the first night, which praised the virility of his performance but fiercely criticised his speaking of Shakespeare's verse, contrasting it with his co-star's mastery of the poetry. The friendship between the two men was prickly, on Olivier's side, for the rest of his li... | 6,512 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
in an unfashionable location south of the Thames, had offered inexpensive tickets for opera and drama under its proprietor Lilian Baylis since 1912. Her drama company specialised in the plays of Shakespeare, and many leading actors had taken very large cuts in their pay to develop their Shakespearean t... | 6,513 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
the role on the same stage seven years previously to enormous acclaim. "The Observer"'s Ivor Brown praised Olivier's "magnetism and muscularity" but missed "the kind of pathos so richly established by Mr Gielgud". The reviewer in "The Times" found the performance "full of vitality", but at times "too l... | 6,514 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
VI. A pacifist, as he then was, Olivier was as reluctant to play the warrior king as Guthrie was to direct the piece, but the production was a success, and Baylis had to extend the run from four to eight weeks.
Following Olivier's success in Shakespearean stage productions, he made his first foray int... | 6,515 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
him during the run of "Romeo and Juliet", probably early in 1936, and the two had begun an affair sometime that year. Of the relationship, Olivier later said that "I couldn't help myself with Vivien. No man could. I hated myself for cheating on Jill, but then I had cheated before, but this was somethin... | 6,516 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
of the castle at Elsinore, where Shakespeare located the play. Olivier secured the casting of Leigh to replace Cherry Cottrell as Ophelia. Because of torrential rain the performance had to be moved from the castle courtyard to the ballroom of a local hotel, but the tradition of playing Hamlet at Elsino... | 6,517 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
Olivier and Leigh told their respective spouses about the affair and that their marriages were over; Esmond moved out of the marital house and in with her mother. After Olivier and Leigh made a tour of Europe in mid 1937 they returned to separate film projects—"A Yank at Oxford" for her and "The Divorc... | 6,518 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
and most critics failed to spot the supposed motivation of Olivier's Iago, and Richardson's Othello seemed underpowered. After that comparative failure, the company had a success with "Coriolanus" starring Olivier in the title role. The notices were laudatory, mentioning him alongside great predecessor... | 6,519 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
for "The New York Times", thought Olivier was "not quite so good" as Richardson, but was "quite acceptable". In late 1938, lured by a salary of $50,000, the actor travelled to Hollywood to take the part of Heathcliff in the 1939 film "Wuthering Heights", alongside Merle Oberon and David Niven. In less ... | 6,520 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
was a hard taskmaster, and Olivier learned to remove what Billington described as "the carapace of theatricality" to which he was prone, replacing it with "a palpable reality". The resulting film was a commercial and critical success that earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor, an... | 6,521 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
and always both romantic and alive."
After returning to London briefly in mid-1939, the couple returned to America, Leigh to film the final takes for "Gone with the Wind", and Olivier to prepare for filming of Alfred Hitchcock's "Rebecca"—although the couple had hoped to appear in it together. Instead... | 6,522 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
Leigh. He received good reviews for both films and showed a more confident screen presence than he had in his early work. In January 1940 Olivier and Esmond were granted their divorce. In February, following another request from Leigh, her husband also applied for their marriage to be terminated.
On s... | 6,523 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
financial blow. They were married in August 1940, at the San Ysidro Ranch in Santa Barbara.
The war in Europe had been under way for a year and was going badly for Britain. After his wedding Olivier wanted to help the war effort. He telephoned Duff Cooper, the Minister of Information under Winston Chu... | 6,524 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
between the couple was strained. Olivier was tiring of Leigh's suffocating adulation, and she was drinking to excess. The film, in which the threat of Napoleon paralleled that of Hitler, was seen by critics as "bad history but good British propaganda", according to the BFI.
Olivier's life was under th... | 6,525 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
Air Force but instead made another propaganda film, "49th Parallel", narrated short pieces for the Ministry of Information, and joined the Fleet Air Arm because Richardson was already in the service. Richardson had gained a reputation for crashing aircraft, which Olivier rapidly eclipsed. Olivier and L... | 6,526 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
British-Russian relationships.
In 1943, at the behest of the Ministry of Information, Olivier began working on "Henry V". Originally he had no intention of taking the directorial duties, but ended up directing and producing, in addition to taking the title role. He was assisted by an Italian internee,... | 6,527 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
writing for the BFI, considers that it "came too late in the Second World War to be a call to arms as such, but formed a powerful reminder of what Britain was defending." The music for the film was written by William Walton, "a score that ranks with the best in film music", according to the music criti... | 6,528 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
that Olivier "plays Henry on a high, heroic note and never is there danger of a crack", in a film described as "a triumph of film craft". There were Oscar nominations for the film, including Best Picture and Best Actor, but it won none and Olivier was instead presented with a "Special Award". He was un... | 6,529 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
Guthrie felt it time to re-establish the company in a London base and invited Richardson to head it. Richardson made it a condition of accepting that he should share the acting and management in a triumvirate. Initially he proposed Gielgud and Olivier as his colleagues, but the former declined, saying,... | 6,530 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
triumvirate secured the New Theatre for their first season and recruited a company. Thorndike was joined by, among others, Harcourt Williams, Joyce Redman and Margaret Leighton. It was agreed to open with a repertory of four plays: "Peer Gynt", "Arms and the Man", "Richard III" and "Uncle Vanya". Olivi... | 6,531 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
according to Billington, Olivier's triumph was absolute: "so much so that it became his most frequently imitated performance and one whose supremacy went unchallenged until Antony Sher played the role forty years later". In 1945 the company toured Germany, where they were seen by many thousands of Alli... | 6,532 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
Hotspur in the first and the doddering Justice Shallow in the second. He received good notices, but by general consent the production belonged to Richardson as Falstaff. In the second double bill it was Olivier who dominated, in the title roles of "Oedipus Rex" and "The Critic". In the two one-act play... | 6,533 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
in a six-week run on Broadway.
The third, and final, London season under the triumvirate was in 1946–47. Olivier played King Lear, and Richardson took the title role in "Cyrano de Bergerac". Olivier would have preferred the roles to be reversed, but Richardson did not wish to attempt Lear. Olivier's L... | 6,534 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
career. During the run of "Cyrano", Richardson was knighted, to Olivier's undisguised envy. The younger man received the accolade six months later, by which time the days of the triumvirate were numbered. The high profile of the two star actors did not endear them to the new chairman of the Old Vic gov... | 6,535 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
the lead role. The original play was heavily cut to focus on the relationships, rather than the political intrigue. The film became a critical and commercial success in Britain and abroad, although Lejeune, in "The Observer", considered it "less effective than [Olivier's] stage work. ... He speaks the ... | 6,536 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
the stage has been made into one of the greatest of films." "Hamlet" became the first non-American film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture, while Olivier won the Award for Best Actor.
In 1948 Olivier led the Old Vic company on a six-month tour of Australia and New Zealand. He played Richard III... | 6,537 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
biography of Richardson, both comment that Esher's action put back the establishment of a National Theatre for at least a decade. Looking back in 1971, Bernard Levin wrote that the Old Vic company of 1944 to 1948 "was probably the most illustrious that has ever been assembled in this country". "The Tim... | 6,538 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
corpses." Later he would comment that he "lost Vivien" in Australia, a reference to Leigh's affair with the Australian actor Peter Finch, whom the couple met during the tour. Shortly afterwards Finch moved to London, where Olivier auditioned him and put him under a long-term contract with Laurence Oliv... | 6,539 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
in the title role. After that, he was free to embark on a new career as an actor-manager. In partnership with Binkie Beaumont he staged the English premiere of Tennessee Williams's "A Streetcar Named Desire", with Leigh in the central role of Blanche DuBois. The play was condemned by most critics, but ... | 6,540 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
and white and quite distraught at the end of it."
The production company set up by Olivier took a lease on the St James's Theatre. In January 1950 he produced, directed and starred in Christopher Fry's verse play "Venus Observed". The production was popular, despite poor reviews, but the expensive pro... | 6,541 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
of playing deliberately below his usual strength so that Leigh might appear his equal. Olivier dismissed the suggestion, regarding it as an insult to his integrity as an actor. In the view of the critic and biographer W. A. Darlington, he was simply miscast both as Caesar and Antony, finding the former... | 6,542 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
Ruggeri's company giving two Pirandello plays in Italian, followed by a visit from the Comédie-Française playing works by Molière, Racine, Marivaux and Musset in French. Darlington considers a 1951 production of "Othello" starring Orson Welles as the pick of Olivier's productions at the theatre.
## In... | 6,543 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
of the bed, wringing her hands and sobbing, in a state of grave distress; I would naturally try desperately to give her some comfort, but for some time she would be inconsolable." After a holiday with Coward in Jamaica, she seemed to have recovered, but Olivier later recorded, "I am sure that ... [the ... | 6,544 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
manic depression, with its deadly ever-tightening spirals, she retained her own individual canniness—an ability to disguise her true mental condition from almost all except me, for whom she could hardly be expected to take the trouble."
In January 1953 Leigh travelled to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) to film... | 6,545 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
she had been "quite, quite mad", and in his diary, Coward expressed the view that "things had been bad and getting worse since 1948 or thereabouts."
For the Coronation season of 1953, Olivier and Leigh starred in the West End in Terence Rattigan's Ruritanian comedy, "The Sleeping Prince". It ran for e... | 6,546 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
was joined by Cedric Hardwicke, Gielgud and Richardson—led an American reviewer to dub it "An-All-Sir-Cast". The critic for "The Manchester Guardian" described the film as a "bold and successful achievement", but it was not a box-office success, which accounted for Olivier's subsequent failure to raise... | 6,547 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
Leigh as Viola. Rehearsals were difficult, with Olivier determined to play his conception of the role despite the director's view that it was vulgar. Gielgud later commented:
The next production was "Macbeth". Reviewers were lukewarm about the direction by Glen Byam Shaw and the designs by Roger Furse... | 6,548 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
season, Olivier played the title role in "Titus Andronicus", with Leigh as Lavinia. Her notices in the part were damning, but the production by Peter Brook and Olivier's performance as Titus received the greatest ovation in Stratford history from the first-night audience, and the critics hailed the pro... | 6,549 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
she miscarried and entered a period of depression that lasted for months. The same year Olivier decided to direct and produce a film version of "The Sleeping Prince", retitled "The Prince and the Showgirl". Instead of appearing with Leigh, he cast Marilyn Monroe as the showgirl. Although the filming wa... | 6,550 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
in the run and disliked it, but Miller was convinced that Osborne had talent, and Olivier reconsidered. He was ready for a change of direction; in 1981 he wrote:
Osborne was already at work on a new play, "The Entertainer", an allegory of Britain's post-colonial decline, centred on a seedy variety com... | 6,551 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
Anthony Holden, "from a gleefully tacky comic routine to moments of the most wrenching pathos". Tony Richardson's production for the English Stage Company transferred from the Royal Court to the Palace Theatre in September 1957; after that it toured and returned to the Palace. The role of Archie's daug... | 6,552 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
follow his lead for more than a decade. Their first substantial successes in works by any of Osborne's generation were Alan Bennett's "Forty Years On" (Gielgud in 1968) and David Storey's "Home" (Richardson and Gielgud in 1970).
Olivier received another BAFTA nomination for his supporting role in 1959... | 6,553 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
play "Rhinoceros". The production was chiefly remarkable for the star's quarrels with the director, Orson Welles, who according to the biographer Francis Beckett suffered the "appalling treatment" that Olivier had inflicted on Gielgud at Stratford five years earlier. Olivier again ignored his director ... | 6,554 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
while he was appearing in "Coriolanus"; the film was well received by the critics, but not as warmly as the stage show had been. The reviewer for "The Guardian" thought the performances were good, and wrote that Olivier "on the screen as on the stage, achieves the tour de force of bringing Archie Rice ... | 6,555 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
a cliff, even when she's sitting quietly in her own drawing room", at a time when she was threatening suicide. In May 1960 divorce proceedings started; Leigh reported the fact to the press and informed reporters of Olivier's relationship with Plowright. The decree "nisi" was issued in December 1960, wh... | 6,556 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
comedy "The Chances" and John Ford's 1633 tragedy "The Broken Heart", followed by "Uncle Vanya". The company he recruited was forty strong and included Thorndike, Casson, Redgrave, Athene Seyler, John Neville and Plowright. The first two plays were politely received; the Chekhov production attracted ra... | 6,557 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
sexually molesting a student in the film "Term of Trial".
## National Theatre.
### 1963–1968.
At around the time the Chichester Festival opened, plans for the creation of the National Theatre were coming to fruition. The British government agreed to release funds for a new building on the South Bank... | 6,558 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
agreement of both organisations, Olivier remained in overall charge of the Chichester Festival during the first three seasons of the National; he used the festivals of 1964 and 1965 to give preliminary runs to plays he hoped to stage at the Old Vic.
The opening production of the National Theatre was "... | 6,559 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
his peers to perform with his company. Evans, Gielgud and Paul Scofield guested only briefly, and Ashcroft and Richardson never appeared at the National during Olivier's time. Robert Stephens, a member of the company, observed, "Olivier's one great fault was a paranoid jealousy of anyone who he thought... | 6,560 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
one. Apart from his Astrov in the "Uncle Vanya", familiar from Chichester, his first leading role for the National was Othello, directed by Dexter in 1964. The production was a box-office success and was revived regularly over the next five seasons. His performance divided opinion. Most of the reviewer... | 6,561 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
view of an Afro Caribbean person". The burden of playing this demanding part at the same time as managing the new company and planning for the move to the new theatre took its toll on Olivier. To add to his load, he felt obliged to take over as Solness in "The Master Builder" when the ailing Redgrave w... | 6,562 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
Crucible"), taking the comic role of the foppish Tattle in Congreve's "Love for Love", and making one film, "Bunny Lake is Missing", in which he and Coward were on the same bill for the first time since "Private Lives". In 1966, his one play as director was "Juno and the Paycock". "The Times" commented... | 6,563 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
of the Polish prime minister Władysław Sikorski, Chandos regarded it as indefensible. At his urging the board unanimously vetoed the production. Tynan considered resigning over this interference with the management's artistic freedom, but Olivier himself stayed firmly in place, and Tynan also remained.... | 6,564 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
1968–1974.
Olivier had intended to step down from the directorship of the National Theatre at the end of his first five-year contract, having, he hoped, led the company into its new building. By 1968 because of bureaucratic delays construction work had not even begun, and he agreed to serve for a seco... | 6,565 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
"The Guardian": one wrote "this is not a role which stretches him, or for which he will be particularly remembered"; the other commented that the performance "ranks as one of his greatest achievements, involving his whole range".
In 1969 Olivier appeared in two war films, portraying military leaders. ... | 6,566 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
and Plowright to dinner, and persuaded him to accept.
After this Olivier played three more stage roles: James Tyrone in Eugene O'Neill's "Long Day's Journey into Night" (1971–72), Antonio in Eduardo de Filippo's "Saturday, Sunday, Monday" and John Tagg in Trevor Griffiths's "The Party" (both 1973–74).... | 6,567 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
for the Academy Award for Best Actor, losing to Marlon Brando in "The Godfather".
The last two stage plays Olivier directed were Jean Giradoux's "Amphitryon" (1971) and Priestley's "Eden End" (1974). By the time of "Eden End", he was no longer director of the National Theatre; Peter Hall took over on ... | 6,568 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
official opening by the Queen in October 1976, when he made a speech of welcome, which Hall privately described as the most successful part of the evening.
## Later years (1975–1989).
Olivier spent the last 15 years of his life in securing his finances and dealing with deteriorating health, which inc... | 6,569 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
to supporting and cameo roles came about because his poor health meant he could not get the necessary long insurance for larger parts, with only short engagements in films available.
Olivier's dermatomyositis meant he spent the last three months of 1974 in hospital, and he spent early 1975 slowly reco... | 6,570 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
at his best in roles that call for him to be seedy or nasty or both". Olivier was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, and won the Golden Globe of the same category.
In the mid-1970s Olivier became increasingly involved in television work, a medium of which he was initi... | 6,571 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
Collection". Olivier portrayed the Pharisee Nicodemus in Franco Zeffirelli's 1977 miniseries "Jesus of Nazareth". In 1978 he appeared in the film "The Boys from Brazil", playing the role of Ezra Lieberman, an ageing Nazi hunter; he received his eleventh Academy Award nomination. Although he did not win... | 6,572 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
tenth and last BAFTA nomination in the television adaptation of John Mortimer's stage play "A Voyage Round My Father". In 1983 he played his last Shakespearean role as Lear in "King Lear", for Granada Television, earning his fifth Emmy. He thought the role of Lear much less demanding than other tragic ... | 6,573 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
1989 film "War Requiem".
After being ill for the last 22 years of his life, Olivier died of renal failure on 11 July 1989 aged 82 at his home near Steyning, West Sussex. His cremation was held three days later; his ashes were buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey during a memorial service in Oc... | 6,574 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
honours from foreign governments. In 1949 he was made Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog by the Danish King Frederik IX; the French appointed him ', Legion of Honour, in 1953; the Italian government created him ', Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, in 1953; and in 1971 he was granted the Orde... | 6,575 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
1976.
For his work in films, Olivier received four Academy Awards: an honorary award for "Henry V" (1947), a Best Actor award and one as producer for "Hamlet" (1948), and a second honorary award in 1979 to recognise his lifetime of contribution to the art of film. He was nominated for nine other actin... | 6,576 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
Hollywood Walk of Fame, with a star at 6319 Hollywood Boulevard; he is included in the American Theater Hall of Fame. In 1977 Olivier was awarded a British Film Institute Fellowship.
In addition to the naming of the National Theatre's largest auditorium in Olivier's honour, he is commemorated in the L... | 6,577 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
and reputation.
Olivier's acting technique was minutely crafted, and he was known for changing his appearance considerably from role to role. By his own admission, he was addicted to extravagant make-up, and unlike Richardson and Gielgud, he excelled at different voices and accents. His own descriptio... | 6,578 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
Agate remarked, "When I look at a watch it is to see the time and not to admire the mechanism. I want an actor to tell me Lear's time of day and Olivier doesn't. He bids me watch the wheels go round."
Tynan remarked to Olivier, "you aren't really a contemplative or philosophical actor"; Olivier was kn... | 6,579 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
was widely considered "the best actor in the world from the neck up and Olivier from the neck down." Olivier described the contrast thus: "I've always thought that we were the reverses of the same coin... the top half John, all spirituality, all beauty, all abstract things; and myself as all earth, blo... | 6,580 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
clad in it—you could practically see it glowing around him like a nimbus... no one will ever play the roles he played as he played them; no one will replace the splendour that he gave his native land with his genius." Billington commented:
After Olivier's death, Gielgud reflected, "He followed in the ... | 6,581 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
disagreed; he commented that although Olivier's great contemporaries were clearly predestined for the stage, "Larry could have been a notable ambassador, a considerable minister, a redoubtable cleric. At his worst, he would have acted the parts more ably than they are usually lived." The director David... | 6,582 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
to talk of who is and who is not the greatest actor. There is simply no such thing as a greatest actor, or painter or composer". Nonetheless, some colleagues, particularly film actors such as Spencer Tracy, Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall, came to regard Olivier as the finest of his peers. Peter Hall... | 6,583 |
43675 | Laurence Olivier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurence%20Olivier | Laurence Olivier
actor, or painter or composer". Nonetheless, some colleagues, particularly film actors such as Spencer Tracy, Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall, came to regard Olivier as the finest of his peers. Peter Hall, though acknowledging Olivier as the head of the theatrical profession, thought Richardson the g... | 6,584 |
74571 | Verner von Heidenstam | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verner%20von%20Heidenstam | Verner von Heidenstam
Verner von Heidenstam
Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam (6 July 1859 – 20 May 1940) was a Swedish poet, novelist and laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1916. He was a member of the Swedish Academy from 1912. His poems and prose work are filled with a great joy of life, sometimes imbued ... | 6,585 |
74571 | Verner von Heidenstam | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verner%20von%20Heidenstam | Verner von Heidenstam
of poems, "Vallfart och vandringsår" ("Pilgrimage: the Wander Years", 1888). It is a collection of poems inspired by his experiences in the orient and marks an abandonment of naturalism that was dominant then in Swedish literature.
His love for beauty is shown also by the long narrative poem "Han... | 6,586 |
74571 | Verner von Heidenstam | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verner%20von%20Heidenstam | Verner von Heidenstam
"Folkunga Trädet" ("The Tree of the Folkungs", 1905–07) are the inspired, epic story of a clan of Swede chieftains in the Middle Ages.
In 1910 a controversy was waged in Swedish newspapers between a number of Swedish literary men on the topic of the proletarian “degradation” of literature, the pr... | 6,587 |
74571 | Verner von Heidenstam | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verner%20von%20Heidenstam | Verner von Heidenstam
mainly concerning the elevation of man to a better humanity from solitude.
He died at his home Övralid on 20 May 1940.
# Works.
- "Från Col di Tenda till Blocksberg ", pictures of travel (1888)
- "Vallfart och vandringsår" (1888)
- "Renässans" (1889)
- "Endymion" (1889, novel)
- "Hans Alien... | 6,588 |
74571 | Verner von Heidenstam | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verner%20von%20Heidenstam | Verner von Heidenstam
och deras hövdingar" (1910, historical lectures)
- "Nya Dikter" (1915).
Works in English translation
- "A King and his Campaigners" (1902)
- "The Soothsayer" (1919)
- "Sweden's Laureate. Selected Poems of Verner Von Heidenstam" (1919) - (trans. by Charles Wharton Stork)
- "The Birth of God" ... | 6,589 |
74571 | Verner von Heidenstam | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verner%20von%20Heidenstam | Verner von Heidenstam
k)
- "The Birth of God" (1920)
- "The Charles Men" (1920) - (trans. by Charles Wharton Stork)
- "The Swedes and their Chieftains" (1925) - (trans. by Charles Wharton Stork)
- "The Tree of the Folkungs" (1925)
# See also.
- List of Swedish language writers
- List of Swedish language poets
-... | 6,590 |
74553 | Dermatology | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dermatology | Dermatology
Dermatology
Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin, nails, hair ( functions & structures ) and its diseases. It is a specialty with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist is specialist doctor that manages diseases, in the widest sense, and some cosmetic problems of the skin... | 6,591 |
74553 | Dermatology | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dermatology | Dermatology
and atlases (Alibert's, 1806–1814) appeared in print during the same period of time.
# Training.
## United States.
After earning a medical degree (M.D. or D.O.), the length of training in the United States for a general dermatologist to be eligible for Board Certification by the American Academy of Derma... | 6,592 |
74553 | Dermatology | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dermatology | Dermatology
Mohs micrographic surgery, cosmetic surgery, dermatopathology, or pediatric dermatology. For the past several years, dermatology residency positions in the United States have been one of the most competitive to obtain.
## United Kingdom.
In the UK, a dermatologist is a medically qualified practitioner who... | 6,593 |
74553 | Dermatology | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dermatology | Dermatology
Having obtained the MRCP examination, applying to become a Specialty Registrar (StR) in Dermatology and training for four years in dermatology
- Passing the Specialty Certificate Examination (SCE) in Dermatology before the end of training
Upon successful completion of the four-year training period, the do... | 6,594 |
74553 | Dermatology | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dermatology | Dermatology
dermatologists perform cosmetic procedures including liposuction, blepharoplasty, and face lifts. Most dermatologists limit their cosmetic practice to minimally invasive procedures. Despite an absence of formal guidelines from the American Board of Dermatology, many cosmetic fellowships are offered in both ... | 6,595 |
74553 | Dermatology | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dermatology | Dermatology
Alumni of both specialties can qualify as dermatopathologists. At the completion of a standard residency in dermatology, many dermatologists are also competent at dermatopathology. Some dermatopathologists qualify to sit for their examinations by completing a residency in dermatology and one in pathology.
... | 6,596 |
74553 | Dermatology | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dermatology | Dermatology
skin, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.The various diseases often overlap in clinical and histological presentation and, although the diseases themselves are not common, may present with features of common skin disorders such as urticaria, eczema and chronic itch. Therefore, the dia... | 6,597 |
74553 | Dermatology | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dermatology | Dermatology
of 100% of the peripheral and deep tumor margins developed in the 1930s by Dr. Frederic E. Mohs. The procedure is defined as a type of CCPDMA processing. Physicians trained in this technique must be comfortable with both pathology and surgery, and dermatologists receive extensive training in both during the... | 6,598 |
74553 | Dermatology | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dermatology | Dermatology
requires the integration of the same doctor in two different capacities: surgeon as well as pathologist. In case either of the two responsibilities is assigned to another doctor or qualified health care professional, it will not be considered to be Mohs surgery.
## Pediatric dermatology.
Physicians can qu... | 6,599 |
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