wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
Olympics. But the only Head Judge criticized – in either the men's or women's competition – was Simionescu.
The report which included this criticism was accepted unanimously by the 48 Federation delegate present. In 1984, before the LA Olympics, the United States Gymnastics Federation proposed "When th... | 6,700 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
on the front cover of the European edition of Newsweek magazine, issue 4 August 1980. She was voted 14th best female athlete in the world that year. In the Soviet Union, a flower was named after the 2 Yelenas – Davydova and Naimushina.
Under the present Olympic AA scoring system — "New Life" — Davydova... | 6,701 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
the gymnasts performed 2 different vaults and the scores were averaged instead of taking the best of the 2 scores as in Montreal Olympics ef. Davydova would have won gold with her 1st vault – scoring 9.95 – if the Montreal rules had still applied. Donnerstag 215,11 September 1980,"This gymnast led the w... | 6,702 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
Davydova), "There was never a doubt about her all-around abilities. Simply stated, however, it was expected that judges, by their very nature, might favour the better known and more established international stars ... But the order of finish Davydova, Gnauck and Comaneci (tie), Shaposhnikova and Kim cer... | 6,703 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
herself acknowledges "That day, Yelena just performed better"; John Goodbody wrote that Davydova was successful because of her "consistency and her willingness to take risks"- over 3 days of competition her lowest score was a 9.8; Glenn Sundby, then editor of the International Gymnast (IG) magazine, and... | 6,704 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
Davydova's routines in the highest terms and said she should have won by more; Paul Williams, another British judge there,"Davydova fully deserved her gold medal, with a brilliant display of high quality work"; Maxi Gnauck's coach Juergen Heritz; Lyn Moran, assistant editor of IG and author of the book ... | 6,705 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
Karen Inskip-Hayward, "The Golden Decade : women's gymnastics in the 1980s; Tony Duffy and Paul Wade Winning Women : The Changing Face of Women in Sport, p. 96,1982; C. Robert Paul, Jr, first sports information Director and Director communications for the United States Olympic Committee, United States O... | 6,706 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
of the International Gymnastics Federation took place. Davydova was invited to perform her famous floor exercise which she did twice and won a standing ovation from the people present.
In August Elena won the tournament in Giresum, Turkey. She won the AA title and was top scorer on vault, bars, floor a... | 6,707 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
championship attracted as much interest in the gymnastics community as the USSR Championship. It was notoriously difficult to win – Latynina was twice Olympic AA champion, twice European AA champion and once World champion before winning the Soviet AA title; Shushunova won 1 World championship, 1 Europe... | 6,708 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
Championships, her last major international event. The USSR won team gold. Davydova contributed more points towards the Soviet team score than anyone else. She finished third in the all-around final after an improper landing in the balance beam event. Had she not sat down on her beam dismount she would ... | 6,709 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
own invention, full twist on front tuck off. Jackie Fie, the US Head Judge on vault at the 81 World championships wrote that if the other vaults were to be marked out of 10 then Davydova's one should be scored out of 10.5. Davydova's vault was the pinnacle of the event. It was the most difficult vault o... | 6,710 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
perfected our saltos, pirouettes and flic-flacs. In this instance they seemed light and natural, and did not look like a bag of tricks. This is what made the audience gasp. Today this is happening more rarely, perhaps with Elena Davidova alone".
In October 1981 International Gymnast magazine (IG) chose... | 6,711 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
from competitive gymnastics in late 1982. She was competing on vault at the Rome gymnastics Grand Prix in 82 when she damaged her ankle. Later that year the West German newspaper Die Weltnoted that Elena had had a dangerous fall in training and asked "Will the case of Elena Davidova become a second case... | 6,712 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
her doctorate in Pedagogical science at the "P.F. Lesgraft State Institute of Athletic Education". The title of her thesis was "Nontraditional preparation of top gymnasts for competitions" and with it she was assisted by world-famous professors of medicine Kima Ivanova and Leonid Korolev. Upon graduatio... | 6,713 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
owns Gemini Gymnastics, a high performance gymnastics club in Oshawa, Ontario where she has been a coach since immigrating to Canada, and Head Coach since 1999. Some of her better known gymnasts include Stephanie Capucitti, Sarah Deegan, Danielle Hicks, Katherine Fairhurst, Kristina Vaculik, Brittnee Ha... | 6,714 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
2006 and 2010 Gymnastics Canada Gymnastique awarded Elena and long-time associate coach, Valery Yahchybekov, as the "Junior High Performance Coaches of the Year". Gemini Gymnastics has been recognised by GCG as Club of Excellence for 10 consecutive years since the inception of the awards in 2001. It is ... | 6,715 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
of Gemini represented Canada at the World Championships. In April 2008 Vaculik won gold and silver World Cup trophies. She was the Canadian team reserve at the Beijing Olympics. In March 2010, Vaculik earned 2 gold and 2 silver medals at the Cottbus World Cup, an unprecedented result for Canadian Artist... | 6,716 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
At the end of October, 2011, Davydova and Vaculik travelled to Guadalajara, Mexico to compete for Team Canada in the Pan Am Games, coming home with team silver, and an individual bronze all-around and silver beam event final medals. In December 2011 Elena fulfilled a dream by purchasing Gemini Gymnastic... | 6,717 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
Lee (Toronto Ontario), Talia Chiarelli(former Ottawa resident living in Boston) and reserve Mikaela Gerber (Cambridge, Ontario). Davydova was chosen as one of two coaches to the women's team. On 11 January 2012, the Women's team secured a spot at the 2012 London Olympics by coming in second overall in t... | 6,718 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
score on the Canadian Brevet judging course.
In June 2006 she received the FIG Coaching Brevet. As of 2007 She is 1 of only 31 female coaches worldwide to hold this Brevet and the only Olympic AA champion.
She was a judge at the 2009 World Championships. At the F.I.G. Academy coach education programme... | 6,719 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
unsuccessfully tried to win the 2004 Olympic Games for that city.
# Olympics once again.
On 28 June 2012, Elena was named as one of coaches to the Canadian Women's Artistics Gymnastics team for the 2012 Olympics in London, England. Kristina Vaculik, who trained under Elena and Valery Yahchybekov at Ge... | 6,720 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
either male or female, had qualified for the team event in a non-boycotted Olympics. As well, Dominique Pegg earned a spot in the all-around event, and Brittany Rogers and Ellie Black both qualified for the vault finals.
The Team finals were seen as a battle between the Americans, Russians and the Chin... | 6,721 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
behind the Chinese, who had won the team event at the 2008 Olympics – a spectacular score for a team which had not been expected to be a contender.
In commenting about the teams, accomplishment, Davydova compared it to winning the all-around gold medal at the 1980 Olympics.
"It was like I just won the... | 6,722 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
Gymnastics. Elena was named as head judge for the women's floor events at the Olympics. This meant that Elena had now attended the Olympics in all capacities – as an athlete, a coach and a judge – something that is rare in the world of athletics, and almost unheard of in gymnastics.
# Acknowledgements ... | 6,723 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
in Brisbane Australia the Australian government produced first day covers of several famous gymnasts including Davydova
In 1996 she was invited by the Atlanta organising committee to the Olympic Games where she met US President Bill Clinton.
In 2000 Elena was one of the gymnasts pictured in the Intern... | 6,724 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
of the riskiest elements was matched by her exquisite presentation".
IGHOF video "One of the most original precise and elegant of all the legendary Soviet stars was Yelena Davydova. When she first entered the international scene it was clear she would make an impact with her clean execution and exquisi... | 6,725 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
in Bethel, Connecticut, U.S. wrote on his website in 2004 that "In the late 1970s Elena Davydova first performed a skill that has become the basis for today's optional uneven bar routines – the Giant". Indeed, Davydova advanced the difficulty of gymnastics through the introduction of her moves, and is o... | 6,726 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
Handspring forward onto table – tucked salto forward (5.2)
Uneven Bars: Swing forward counter-straddle reverse hecht over high bar to regrasp (D); almost universally referred to as a Tkatchev which is the name of the skill in Men's Artistic Gymnastics
# References.
## On-line sources.
- http://www.g... | 6,727 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
p. 6
- August 1981 p. 42–43
- January 1982 p. 28
- March 1982 p. 75
- January 1998 p. 49
- July/August 2007 p. 36
- July/August 2010 p 19,29.
- British Gymnast magazine
- September 1980 p. 7,11,13–15,21–24,26,31
- April 1981 p. 11,21–24
- September 1981 p. 29
- November 1981 p. 25
- FIG Worl... | 6,728 |
74552 | Yelena Davydova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yelena%20Davydova | Yelena Davydova
p. 217, 218.
- Wonderful moment of victory, 1983, pp. 8–14.
- Artistic Gymnastics: A history of development, Anton Gadjos,1997, pp. 264, 265.
- Winning Women : The Changing Face Of Women in Sport, p. 96, Tony Duffy and Paul Wade, .
- The Golden Decade : women's gymnastics in the 1980s – volume 1 – 1... | 6,729 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
Hardware description language
In computer engineering, a hardware description language (HDL) is a specialized computer language used to describe the structure and behavior of electronic circuits, and most commonly, digital logic circuits.
A hardware description language enables a precise... | 6,730 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
looks much like a programming language such as C; it is a textual description consisting of expressions, statements and control structures. One important difference between most programming languages and HDLs is that HDLs explicitly include the notion of time.
HDLs form an integral part o... | 6,731 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
technology, such as CMOS or BJT. HDLs were created to implement register-transfer level abstraction, a model of the data flow and timing of a circuit.
There are two major hardware description languages: VHDL and Verilog. There are different types of description in them
"dataflow, behavio... | 6,732 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
which is a primary attribute of hardware. Languages whose only characteristic is to express circuit connectivity between a hierarchy of blocks are properly classified as netlist languages used in electric computer-aided design (CAD). HDL can be used to express designs in structural, behavi... | 6,733 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
piece of hardware before it is created physically. It is this executability that gives HDLs the illusion of being programming languages, when they are more precisely classified as specification languages or modeling languages. Simulators capable of supporting discrete-event (digital) and c... | 6,734 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
however, software programming languages do not include any capability for explicitly expressing time, and thus cannot function as hardware description languages. Before the introduction of System Verilog in 2002, C++ integration with a logic simulator was one of the few ways to use object-... | 6,735 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
behaviour. Synthesizers generally ignore the expression of any timing constructs in the text. Digital logic synthesizers, for example, generally use clock edges as the way to time the circuit, ignoring any timing constructs. The ability to have a synthesizable subset of the language does n... | 6,736 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
of the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) PDP-8.
The language became more widespread with the introduction of DEC's PDP-16 RT-Level Modules (RTMs) and a book describing their use.
At least two implementations of the basic ISP language (ISPL and ISPS) followed.
ISPS was well suited to d... | 6,737 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
about 1979 at the University of Kaiserslautern produced a language called KARL ("KAiserslautern Register Transfer Language"), which included design calculus language features supporting VLSI chip floorplanning and structured hardware design. This work was also the basis of KARL's interacti... | 6,738 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
the late 1970s, design using programmable logic devices (PLDs) became popular, although these designs were primarily limited to designing finite state machines. The work at Data General in 1980 used these same devices to design the Data General Eclipse MV/8000, and commercial need began to... | 6,739 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
Department of Defense led to the development of VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language). VHDL was based on the Ada programming language, as well as on the experience gained with the earlier development of ISPS. Initially, Verilog and VHDL were used to document and simulate circuit desig... | 6,740 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
HDL source files (written in a constrained format called RTL) into a manufacturable netlist description in terms of gates and transistors. Writing synthesizable RTL files required practice and discipline on the part of the designer; compared to a traditional schematic layout, synthesized R... | 6,741 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
low-power, or asynchronous circuitry.
Within a few years, VHDL and Verilog emerged as the dominant HDLs in the electronics industry, while older and less capable HDLs gradually disappeared from use. However, VHDL and Verilog share many of the same limitations: neither is suitable for anal... | 6,742 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
known as IEEE 1800-2005 SystemVerilog, introduces many new features (classes, random variables, and properties/assertions) to address the growing need for better test bench randomization, design hierarchy, and reuse. A future revision of VHDL is also in development, and is expected to matc... | 6,743 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
is highly dependent on the nature of the circuit and the designer's preference for coding style. The HDL is merely the 'capture language', often beginning with a high-level algorithmic description such as a C++ mathematical model. Designers often use scripting languages such as Perl to aut... | 6,744 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
from standardized code guidelines, identify potential ambiguous code constructs before they can cause misinterpretation, and check for common logical coding errors, such as floating ports or shorted outputs. This process aids in resolving errors before the code is synthesized.
In industry... | 6,745 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
the design database becomes progressively more laden with technology-specific information, which cannot be stored in a generic HDL description. Finally, an integrated circuit is manufactured or programmed for use.
# Simulating and debugging HDL code.
Essential to HDL design is the abilit... | 6,746 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
their behavior in simulation. Thus, simulation is critical for successful HDL design.
To simulate an HDL model, an engineer writes a top-level simulation environment (called a test bench). At minimum, a testbench contains an instantiation of the model (called the device under test or DUT)... | 6,747 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
for all events in the testbench simulation. Events occur only at the instants dictated by the testbench HDL (such as a reset-toggle coded into the testbench), or in reaction (by the model) to stimulus and triggering events. Modern HDL simulators have full-featured graphical user interfaces... | 6,748 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
and user libraries are compiled and linked outside the HDL environment.
Design verification is often the most time-consuming portion of the design process, due to the disconnect between a device's functional specification, the designer's interpretation of the specification, and the imprec... | 6,749 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
a real-world view of the design. Prototyping is the best way to check interfacing against other hardware devices and hardware prototypes. Even those running on slow FPGAs offer much shorter simulation times than pure HDL simulation.
# Design verification with HDLs.
Historically, design v... | 6,750 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
Language.
In formal verification terms, a property is a factual statement about the expected or assumed behavior of another object. Ideally, for a given HDL description, a property or properties can be proven true or false using formal mathematical methods. In practical terms, many proper... | 6,751 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
assertions, reporting the location and severity of any violations. In a synthesis environment, the synthesis tool usually operates with the policy of halting synthesis upon any violation. Assertion based verification is still in its infancy, but is expected to become an integral part of th... | 6,752 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
(such as flip-flops and adders) that automatically execute independently of one another. Any change to the process's input automatically triggers an update in the simulator's process stack.
Both programming languages and HDLs are processed by a compiler (often called a synthesizer in the ... | 6,753 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
Interchange Format (EDIF) (for subsequent conversion to a JEDEC-format file).
On the other hand, a software compiler converts the source-code listing into a microprocessor-specific object code for execution on the target microprocessor. As HDLs and programming languages borrow concepts an... | 6,754 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
language that can perform some tasks of both hardware design and software programming. SystemC is an example of such—embedded system hardware can be modeled as non-detailed architectural blocks (black boxes with modeled signal inputs and output drivers). The target application is written i... | 6,755 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
model used in SystemC relies on shared memory, causing the language not to handle parallel execution or low-level models well.
# High-level synthesis.
In their level of abstraction, HDLs have been compared to assembly languages. There are attempts to raise the abstraction level of hardwa... | 6,756 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
other extensions allowing parallel programming) are found in the Catapult C tools from Mentor Graphics, and the Impulse C tools from Impulse Accelerated Technologies.
Annapolis Micro Systems, Inc.'s CoreFire Design Suite and National Instruments LabVIEW FPGA provide a graphical dataflow a... | 6,757 |
74554 | Hardware description language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardware%20description%20language | Hardware description language
formerly Accel DSP) from Xilinx.
# Examples of HDLs.
## HDLs for digital circuit design.
The two most widely used and well-supported HDL varieties used in industry are Verilog and VHDL.
## HDLs for printed circuit board design.
Several projects exist for defining printed circuit board... | 6,758 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
Rear Window
Rear Window is a 1954 American Technicolor mystery thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock and written by John Michael Hayes based on Cornell Woolrich's 1942 short story "It Had to Be Murder". Originally released by Paramount Pictures, the film stars James Stewart, Grace Kelly, Wendell Corey... | 6,759 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
to the United States National Film Registry in the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
# Plot.
Recuperating from a broken leg, adventuresome professional photographer L. B. "Jeff" Jefferies (Stewart) is confined to a wheelchair in his Greenwich Village ap... | 6,760 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
a female sculptor; and Lars Thorwald (Burr), a traveling jewelry salesman with a bedridden wife.
Jeff's sophisticated, beautiful socialite girlfriend, Lisa Fremont (Grace Kelly), visits him regularly, as does his insurance company's nurse, Stella (Thelma Ritter). Stella wants Jeff to settle down and marry ... | 6,761 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
handsaw. Later, Thorwald ties a large trunk with heavy rope and has moving men haul it away. Jeff discusses all this with Lisa and with Stella.
Jeff becomes convinced that Thorwald has murdered his wife. Jeff explains this to his friend Tom Doyle (Wendell Corey), a New York City Police detective, and asks ... | 6,762 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
can be seen glowing as he sits quietly in his dark apartment.
Certain that Thorwald is also guilty of killing the dog, Jeff asks Lisa to slip an accusatory note under his door, so Jeff can watch his reaction when he reads it. Then, as a pretext to get Thorwald out of his apartment, Jeff telephones him and ... | 6,763 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
and grabs Lisa, Jeff calls the police, who arrive in time to save her by arresting her. Jeff sees Lisa has her hands behind her back, wiggling her finger with Mrs. Thorwald's wedding ring on it. Thorwald notices this, and, realizing that she is signaling to someone, he sees Jeff across the courtyard.
Jeff ... | 6,764 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
him. However, Thorwald grabs Jeff and manages to push him out of the open window, as Jeff is yelling for help. Police officers enter the apartment as he falls to the ground; other officers have run over to break his fall. Thorwald confesses to the police soon afterward.
A few days later, the heat has lifte... | 6,765 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
the High Himalayas". As soon as Jeff falls asleep, Lisa puts the book down and happily opens a fashion magazine.
# Cast.
- James Stewart as L. B. "Jeff" Jefferies
- Grace Kelly as Lisa Carol Fremont
- Wendell Corey as NYPD Det. Lt. Thomas "Tom" J. Doyle
- Thelma Ritter as Stella
- Raymond Burr as Lars... | 6,766 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
Lonelyhearts
- Ralph Smiles as Carl, the waiter
- Fred Graham as detective
Cast notes
- Director Alfred Hitchcock makes his traditional cameo appearance in the songwriter's apartment, where he is seen winding a clock.
# Production.
The film was shot entirely at Paramount studios, which included an eno... | 6,767 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
around a highly nuanced lighting system which was able to create natural-looking lighting effects for both the day and night scenes. Though the address given in the film is 125 W. Ninth Street in New York's Greenwich Village, the set was actually based on a real courtyard located at 125 Christopher Street.
... | 6,768 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
are versions of songs popularized earlier in the decade by Nat King Cole ("Mona Lisa", 1950) and Dean Martin ("That's Amore", 1952), along with segments from Leonard Bernstein's score for Jerome Robbins' ballet "Fancy Free" (1944), Richard Rodgers' song "Lover" (1932), and ""M'appari tutt'amor"" from Friedr... | 6,769 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
a composer (Ross Bagdasarian), during the film. This was Waxman's final score for Hitchcock. The director used primarily "diegetic" sounds—sounds arising from the normal life of the characters—throughout the film.
# Reception.
A "benefit world premiere" for the film, with United Nations officials and "pro... | 6,770 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
on to earn an estimated $5.3 million at the North American box office in 1954.
The film received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics and is considered one of Hitchcock's finest films. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 100% of critics have given the film a positive review ... | 6,771 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
a "tense and exciting exercise" and Hitchcock a director whose work has a "maximum of build-up to the punch, a maximum of carefully tricked deception and incidents to divert and amuse." Crowther also notes: "Mr. Hitchcock's film is not 'significant.' What it has to say about people and human nature is super... | 6,772 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
Hitchcock" and a film in which there is "never an instant ... when Director Hitchcock is not in minute and masterly control of his material." The same review did note "occasional studied lapses of taste and, more important, the eerie sense a Hitchcock audience has of reacting in a manner so carefully forese... | 6,773 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
He said the film "develops such a clean, uncluttered line from beginning to end that we're drawn through it (and into it) effortlessly. The experience is not so much like watching a movie, as like ... well, like spying on your neighbors. Hitchcock traps us right from the first ... And because Hitchcock make... | 6,774 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
in the film. He asserts ""Rear Window's" story is "about" spectacle; it explores the fascination with looking and the attraction of that which is being looked at."
## Voyeurism.
John Fawell notes in Dennis Perry's book, "Hitchcock and Poe: The Legacy of Delight and Terror", that Hitchcock "recognized that... | 6,775 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
Pictures", the "social contagion" of acting as voyeur.
In an explicit example of a condemnation of voyeurism, Stella expresses her outrage at Jeffries' voyeuristic habits, saying, "In the old days, they'd put your eyes out with a red hot poker" and "What people ought to do is get outside and look in for a ... | 6,776 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
notice the irregular placement of the purse on the bed. Jeffries anxiously jitters in his wheelchair, and grabs his telephoto camera to watch the situation unfold, eventually calling the police because Miss Lonelyhearts is contemplating suicide in the neighboring apartment. Chillingly, Jeffries watches Lisa... | 6,777 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
for Lisa now that he cannot see her. The police go to the Thorwald apartment, the lights flicker on, and any danger coming toward Lisa is temporarily dismissed. Although Lisa is taken to jail, Jeffries is utterly mesmerized by her dauntless actions.
With further analysis, Jeffries' positive evolution under... | 6,778 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
by Patron Inc., a production company set up by Hitchcock and Stewart. As a result, Stewart and Hitchcock's estate became involved in the Supreme Court case, and Sheldon Abend became a producer of the 1998 remake of "Rear Window".
"Rear Window" is one of several of Hitchcock's films originally released by P... | 6,779 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
its theme of voyeurism, and other reworkings of the film soon followed, which included Brian De Palma's 1984 film "Body Double" and Phillip Noyce's 1993 film "Sliver".
"Rear Window" was restored by the team of Robert A. Harris and James C. Katz for its 1999 limited theatrical re-release (using Technicolor ... | 6,780 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
a television movie of the same name in 1998, with an updated storyline in which the lead character is paralyzed and lives in a high-tech home filled with assistive technology. Actor Christopher Reeve, himself paralyzed as a result of a 1995 horse-riding accident, was cast in the lead role. The telefilm also... | 6,781 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
2008, the Sheldon Abend Trust sued Steven Spielberg, DreamWorks, Viacom, and Universal Studios, alleging that the producers of "Disturbia" violated the copyright to the original Woolrich story owned by Abend. On September 21, 2010, the U.S. District Court in "Abend v. Spielberg", 748 F.Supp.2d 200 (S.D.N.Y.... | 6,782 |
74577 | Rear Window | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rear%20Window | Rear Window
he original Woolrich story.
# Home media.
On September 4, 2012, Universal Studios Home Entertainment re-released "Rear Window" to DVD, as a Region 1 widescreen DVD. This release includes the items available in the 2001 release.
On May 6, 2014, Universal Studios Home Entertainment released "Rear Window" t... | 6,783 |
74582 | Freedb | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Freedb | Freedb
Freedb
freedb is a database of compact disc track listings, where all the content is under the GNU General Public License. To look up CD information over the Internet, a client program calculates a hash function from the CD table of contents and uses it as a disc ID to query the database. If the disc is in the ... | 6,784 |
74582 | Freedb | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Freedb | Freedb
often introduced in the database by different people, resulting in inconsistent spelling and naming conventions across discs. the database held just under 2,000,000 CDs. As of 2007, MusicBrainz – a project with similar goals – had a freedb gateway that allows access to their own database.
# History.
The origin... | 6,785 |
74582 | Freedb | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Freedb | Freedb
(such as freedb), and any programs using a CDDB lookup had to display a CDDB logo while performing the lookup.
In March 2001, CDDB, now owned by Gracenote, banned all unlicensed applications from accessing their database. New licenses for CDDB1 (the original version of CDDB) were no longer available, since Grac... | 6,786 |
74582 | Freedb | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Freedb | Freedb
vated the freedb project, which is intended to remain free.
freedb is used primarily by media players, cataloguers, audio taggers and CD ripper software. As of version 6 of the freedb protocol, freedb accepts and returns UTF-8 data.
Magix acquired freedb in 2006. MusicBrainz – a project with similar goals – re... | 6,787 |
74572 | National Socialist black metal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Socialist%20black%20metal | National Socialist black metal
National Socialist black metal
National Socialist black metal (also known as NSBM, Aryan black metal or Neo-Nazi black metal) is a political philosophy within black metal music that promotes Nazism or similar ideologies. NSBM artists typically combine neo-Nazi ideology with ethnic Europe... | 6,788 |
74572 | National Socialist black metal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Socialist%20black%20metal | National Socialist black metal
there is an undercurrent of ethnic nationalism in black metal, NSBM artists are a small minority within the genre. Many NSBM artists are not very explicit with their political beliefs in the music, instead expressing their beliefs offstage. Artists who hold far-right or white nationalist ... | 6,789 |
74572 | National Socialist black metal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Socialist%20black%20metal | National Socialist black metal
However, according to Christian Dornbusch and Hans-Peter Killguss, the writers of "Unheilige Allianzen", völkisch pagan metal and neo-Nazism are the current trends in black metal, and in turn are affecting the broader metal scene.
# Black metal.
Black metal is a style of extreme metal m... | 6,790 |
74572 | National Socialist black metal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Socialist%20black%20metal | National Socialist black metal
often met with hostility from mainstream culture, due to the actions and ideologies associated with it. Many artists express extreme anti-Christian and misanthropic views, advocating various forms of Satanism or ethnic paganism. In the 1990s, members of the scene were responsible for a sp... | 6,791 |
74572 | National Socialist black metal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Socialist%20black%20metal | National Socialist black metal
out of Newcastle,England. Their debut album Welcome To Hell released in 1981 was followed by 1982's Black Metal. Venom's image lyrics and musical style were copied and inspired by bands such as Metallica, Slayer, Hellhammer, Bathory, Exodus and Possessed to name a few. In the early 1990s,... | 6,792 |
74572 | National Socialist black metal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Socialist%20black%20metal | National Socialist black metal
the scene burnt down a number of churches. In August of the same year, Faust of Emperor killed a gay man who had propositioned him in Lillehammer. In August 1993, Varg Vikernes of Burzum killed fellow musician Euronymous – a well-known figure in the scene – and was arrested shortly after.... | 6,793 |
74572 | National Socialist black metal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Socialist%20black%20metal | National Socialist black metal
Zorn 88 (later called the National Socialist Movement of Norway) in 1992 and joined White Aryan Resistance before he killed Euronymous. While in prison, "Vikernes began to formulate his nationalist heathen ideology" and wrote a manifesto called "Vargsmål". It became available on the inter... | 6,794 |
74572 | National Socialist black metal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Socialist%20black%20metal | National Socialist black metal
"as a nationalistic (Norwegian-centric), racist and anti-Christian revolt" but was "hijacked" by the "Jew-dominated music industry". He claims the industry made it into another tool with which to destroy Europe, by promoting bands who embraced "everything sick and anti-European on this pl... | 6,795 |
74572 | National Socialist black metal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Socialist%20black%20metal | National Socialist black metal
Black Metal') printed on the back cover. This caused much controversy, but Darkthrone offered an explanation and stated that they were "not a Nazi band nor a political band". At around this time, some other Norwegian black-metallers made seemingly racist statements. In 1994, Mayhem drumme... | 6,796 |
74572 | National Socialist black metal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Socialist%20black%20metal | National Socialist black metal
go hand in hand".
In 1995, prominent Norwegian black metal vocalist Gaahl described "niggers" and "mulattoes" as "subhuman" and stated his admiration for Vikernes and Adolf Hitler. However, he too has since distanced himself from these statements. Gaahl was voted Gay Person of the Year i... | 6,797 |
74572 | National Socialist black metal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Socialist%20black%20metal | National Socialist black metal
do with some of the controversial comments I made in various magazines in my youth, when I still aspired to play in the most hated band in the world. I used a lot of provocative language back then. But to sort things out: I associate with people of all creeds and colours. ... So to be lab... | 6,798 |
74572 | National Socialist black metal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Socialist%20black%20metal | National Socialist black metal
NSBM scene include Graveland, Infernum, and Veles (from Poland), Branikald (from Russia), and Spear of Longinus and Waffenbrüder (from Australia). In the 1990s, some of the earliest American black metal bands—like Judas Iscariot—joined an international NSBM organization called the Pagan F... | 6,799 |
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