wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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74606 | Wałbrzych | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wałbrzych | Wałbrzych
place where a weekly market took place in the past. In the years 1731-1853 its center was occupied by the Baroque town hall.
- Alberti Palace (District Museum)
- Wałbrzych, the Guardian Angels Church. Built in 1898 in the neo-Gothic style, in the place of the previous church.
- Protestant church. Designed ... | 7,200 |
74606 | Wałbrzych | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wałbrzych | Wałbrzych
Mountain Borowa (black mountain). The highest mountain in the Wałbrzyskie Mountains, in 2017 a public observation tower was built
- Mountain Chełmiec. The second largest peak in the area. A monumental mountain in the shape of a dome that dominates the city. At the top there is an observation tower, 45 meter ... | 7,201 |
74606 | Wałbrzych | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wałbrzych | Wałbrzych
park which has been secured and made accessible for visitors.
- Mining monuments in the city have been a lot of post-mining objects, among others, buildings, halls and mining towers.
# City districts.
Including date of incorporation into the city
# Education.
- Angelus Silesius State University in Wałbrz... | 7,202 |
74606 | Wałbrzych | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wałbrzych | Wałbrzych
of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Wałbrzych constituency:
- Zbigniew Chlebowski, PO
- Henryk Gołębiewski, SLD
- Roman Ludwiczuk, PO (Senat)
- Katarzyna Mrzygłocka, PO
- Giovanni Roman, PiS
- Mieczysław Szyszka, PiS (Senat)
- Anna Zalewska, PiS
# Sports.
- Górnik Wałbrzych is a professional men's bask... | 7,203 |
74606 | Wałbrzych | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wałbrzych | Wałbrzych
club, which played in the Ekstraklasa in the 1960s and 1970s, finishing 3rd in 1971. It's currently competing in the amateur Klasa A.
- KK Wałbrzych (former Górnik Nowe Miasto Wałbrzych) – is a semi-professional men's basketball club playing in the Polish 3rd league.
- Victoria PWSZ Wałbrzych is a professio... | 7,204 |
74606 | Wałbrzych | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wałbrzych | Wałbrzych
ASZ PWSZ Walbrzych -(women soccer)-(Level 1)-(Ekstraliga)-(poland)- TBA
# Media.
- New Walbrzych Headlines official site
- Tygodnik Wałbrzyski official site
- www.walbrzych.info official site
- TV Zamkowa official site
- TV Walbrzych official site
- 30 minut – Gazeta która nie ma ceny ((Free) Newspaper... | 7,205 |
74606 | Wałbrzych | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wałbrzych | Wałbrzych
(b. 1949), German soccer journalist
- Urszula Włodarczyk (b. 1965), Polish heptathlete
- Joanna Bator (b. 1968), Polish Nike Award-winning novelist, journalist, feminist and academic
- Krzysztof Ignaczak (b. 1978), Polish volleyball player
- Sebastian Janikowski (b. 1978), retired Polish-American football... | 7,206 |
74606 | Wałbrzych | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wałbrzych | Wałbrzych
zysztof Ignaczak (b. 1978), Polish volleyball player
- Sebastian Janikowski (b. 1978), retired Polish-American football placekicker for the NFL Oakland Raiders and Seattle Seahawks
- Adrian Mrowiec (b. 1983), Polish footballer
- Bartosz Kurek (b. 1988), Polish volleyball player
# International relations.
... | 7,207 |
74605 | Rybnik | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rybnik | Rybnik
Rybnik
Rybnik (, ) is a city in southwestern Poland, in the Silesian Voivodeship. The city first developed as a fishing centre ("rybnik" means "fishpond" in several Slavic languages) in the Middle Ages, then was a capital of so-called Rybnik State. Rybnik grew as an important centre of coal mining and the seat ... | 7,208 |
74605 | Rybnik | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rybnik | Rybnik
Population.
The city's population peaked in 1997 at 144,943. Currently Rybnik has 138,696 inhabitants (as of 2018). 88.9% of the city's residents identified themselves as Polish in the 2002 National Census. Its density is 955.3 per km². Rybnik's demographic situation remains far better than most other Polish ci... | 7,209 |
74605 | Rybnik | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rybnik | Rybnik
body. Most of them are suburban areas, including: Chwałęcice, Golejów, Gotartowice, Grabownia (German: Grabowina), Kamień, Kłokocin, Ligota – Ligocka Kuźnia (German: Ellguth-Carstenhütte), Meksyk, Ochojec, Orzepowice, Popielów (German: Poppelau), Radziejów (German: Radzieow), Rybnicka Kuźnia (German: Rybniker Ha... | 7,210 |
74605 | Rybnik | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rybnik | Rybnik
schools) built in communist time. The remaining three districts, Smolna (German: Smollna), Śródmieście and Paruszowiec-Piaski (German: Paruschowitz) formed the pre-war town of Rybnik. Those areas are densely built-up, with old town, city hall, most of schools, offices and shopping malls in Śródmieście (literally... | 7,211 |
74605 | Rybnik | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rybnik | Rybnik
The name highlights the importance of fish farming for the city's economy in the Middle Ages, which is reflected in its coat of arms until this day.
The city's origins can be traced back into the 9th and 10th century, when three Slavic settlements existed on Rybnik's present-day territory which eventually merge... | 7,212 |
74605 | Rybnik | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rybnik | Rybnik
to be part of the Kingdom of Poland, until Silesia as a whole became a fiefdom of the Bohemian crown in 1327. The city continued to grow and developed into a regional trade centre. In the 15th century, the Hussites devastated the city, before being eventually defeated in a decisive battle on a hill nearby. From ... | 7,213 |
74605 | Rybnik | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rybnik | Rybnik
in 1763. Coal mining gained importance for Rybnik's economy as early as the 18th century. In 1871, Prussia, including Rybnik, merged into the German Empire, the first modern German nation state. At this point, Poland had already ceased to exist as an independent state, having been divided between Prussia, Austri... | 7,214 |
74605 | Rybnik | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rybnik | Rybnik
an atmosphere of ethnic unrest, a referendum was organized to determine the future national affiliation of Upper Silesia. Although an overall majority had opted for Germany, the area was finally divided in an attempt to satisfy both parties. Although both parties considered the territory they were assigned insuf... | 7,215 |
74605 | Rybnik | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rybnik | Rybnik
The referendum and eventual division of Upper Silesia were accompanied by three Silesian Uprisings, the first of which (in 1919) was centered on Rybnik.
Within the Second Polish Republic of the interwar period, Rybnik was part of the Silesian Voivodeship and enjoyed far-reaching political and financial autonomy... | 7,216 |
74605 | Rybnik | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rybnik | Rybnik
in 1945, Rybnik was once more integrated into Poland, the territory of which was shifted westward on Joseph Stalin's initiative. Rybnik thus ceased to be German-Polish border city. Its population was again categorized to be either "re-polonized" or forcefully resettled to Germany. A large portion of ethnic Germa... | 7,217 |
74605 | Rybnik | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rybnik | Rybnik
University of Economics ("Akademia Ekomomiczna"), the University of Silesia ("Uniwersytet Śląski"), both in based Katowice, and the Silesian Polytechnic University ("Politechnika Śląska") based in Gliwice established a joint campus in Rybnik to improve academic training opportunities in the area.
# Tourism.
In... | 7,218 |
74605 | Rybnik | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rybnik | Rybnik
river Ruda, which serves as a cooling water source for the power station. Surrounded by forests, it offers swimming, fishing, sailing and surfing opportunities, and due to the power station's waste heat it is warm enough all year to be a habitat for grass carps. The Beskidy Mountains, a popular recreational area... | 7,219 |
74605 | Rybnik | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rybnik | Rybnik
("Kościół św. Katarzyny") (1534)
- the Church of St. Lawrence ("Kościół św. Wawrzyńca") (1717)
- a late Baroque estate house (1736)
- a Piast castle from the early 13th century, completely redesigned in the 18th century
# Famous people from Rybnik.
- Krzysztof Bodziony (born 1985), Polish footballer
- Herm... | 7,220 |
74605 | Rybnik | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rybnik | Rybnik
pianist
- Ewa Sonnet, Polish model and singer
- Tomasz Zdebel, Polish football player of Silesian-German descent
# Sports.
In 2006, the 8th European Glider Aerobatic Championships took place in Rybnik.
The aeroclub of Rybnik is very successful in national and international glider aerobatic competitions: Jer... | 7,221 |
74605 | Rybnik | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rybnik | Rybnik
american football
# International relations.
## Twin towns — sister cities.
Rybnik is twinned with:
# References.
- Notes
# External links.
- Rybnik's official website (Polish, some content in English)
- Rybnik City Guide (English only)
- Commercial information portal (Polish only)
- Independent inform... | 7,222 |
74605 | Rybnik | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rybnik | Rybnik
- Rybnik's official website (Polish, some content in English)
- Rybnik City Guide (English only)
- Commercial information portal (Polish only)
- Independent information portal (Polish only)
- Photo-website (Polish and Silesian)
- Rybnik, Silesia (Polish, some content in English)
- Football fan site (KS ROW... | 7,223 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
Palma de Mallorca
Palma, formerly Palma de Mallorca ( or , , ), is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain. It is situated on the south coast of Mallorca on the Bay of Palma. The Cabrera Archipelago, though widely separated from Palma proper, is admin... | 7,224 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
the 13th century, by James I of Aragon.
## Roman period.
After the conquest of Mallorca, the city was loosely incorporated into the province of Tarraconensis by 123 BC; the Romans founded two new cities: "Palma" on the south of the island, and "Pollentia" in the northeast — on the site of a Phoenici... | 7,225 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
Roman Wall can be seen at Can Bordils, the Municipal Archive, and below it, at the Maimó ben Faraig Center.
## Byzantine period.
Though the period between the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the Muslim conquest is not well understood (due to lack of documents), there is clear evidence of a Byza... | 7,226 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
of the Moors in the Balearic Islands occurred at the beginning of the 8th century. During this period, the population developed an economy based on self-sufficiency and piracy, and even showed evidence of a relative hierarchy. The dominant groups took advantage of the Byzantine withdrawal due to Islam... | 7,227 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
a peace treaty. This treaty was granted in exchange for a tax, respect for social, economic and political structures to the communities that subscribed to it, as well as the continuity of their religious beliefs.
After 707, the city was inhabited by Christians who were nominally in allegiance to the ... | 7,228 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
waters was a source of riches over the next fifteen decades. Eventually, continued piracy in the region lead to a retaliation by Al-Andalus which launched a naval fleet against the city and the whole of the Islands.
The Islands were defended by the emperor Charlemagne in 799 from a Muslim pirate incu... | 7,229 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
the Emirate of Córdoba reinforced its influence upon the Mediterranean, Al-Andalus increased its interest in the city. The consequence of this was the substitution of the submission treaty for the effective incorporation of the islands to the Islamic state. A squad under the command of Isam al-Jawlani... | 7,230 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
growth, thereby establishing Medina Mayurqa as one of the major ports for trading goods in and out of the Emirate of Córdoba.
### Dénia—Balearic taifa (1015–1087).
The Umayyad regime, despite its administrative centralisation, mercenary army and struggle to gain wider social support, could neither h... | 7,231 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
to their origin, these "taifas" can be grouped under three broad categories: people of Arab, Berber or Slavic origin.
Palma was part of the taifa of Dénia. The founder of this state was a client of the Al-Mansur family, Muyahid ibn Yusuf ibn Ali, who could profit from the progressive crumbling of the... | 7,232 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
Sardinia was launched between 1016 and 1017, which caused the Pisans and Genoese forces to intervene. Later, this intervention set the basis for Italian mercantile penetration of the city.
The Denian dominion lasted until 1087, a period during which the city, as well as the rest of the islands, was r... | 7,233 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
briefly enjoyed independence, during which Medina Mayurqa was the capital.
The economy during this period depended on both agriculture and piracy. In the latter 11th century, Christian commercial powers took the initiative at sea against the Muslims. After centuries of fighting defensively in the fac... | 7,234 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
piracy mainly based in Palma and surrounding havens. In 1115, Palma was sacked and later abandoned by an expedition commanded by Ramon Berenguer III the Great, count of Barcelona and Provence, which was composed of Catalans, Pisans and other Italians, and soldiers from Provence, Corsica, and Sardinia,... | 7,235 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
al-Andalus and western Maghreb by the Almohad. Almoravid dominions, from 1157 on, were restricted to the Balearic Islands, with Palma again acting as the capital, governed by Muhammad ibn Ganiya. Massive arrival of al-Andalus refugees contributed to reinforce the positions of the last Almoravid legiti... | 7,236 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
Santarém, attacked Ifriqiya, where the Almohad dominion had not been consolidated yet, in the same year. However, this attack was repelled and the Almohad authorities encouraged anti-Almoravid revolts in the Islands. The city was captured by the Almohads in 1203.
## Christian reconquest and late Midd... | 7,237 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
became joint capital of the Kingdom of Majorca, together with Perpignan. His son, James II of Majorca, championed the construction of statues and monuments in the city: Bellver Castle, the churches of St. Francesc and St. Domingo, reformed the Palace of Almudaina and began the construction of the Cath... | 7,238 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
school from Palma; Cresques is credited with the authorship of the famous Catalan Atlas.
The river that cut through the city gave rise to two distinct areas within the city; the "Upper town" and "Lower town", depending upon which side of the river one was situated.
The city's advantageous geographic... | 7,239 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
activities and a huge inversion in defensive structures. As a consequence, the city entered a period of decadence that would last till the end of the 17th century.
## 17th to 19th centuries.
The 17th century is characterised by the division of the city in two sides or gangs, named "Canamunts" and "C... | 7,240 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
and destruction of the Crown of Aragon, and this was reflected on the Nueva Planta decrees, issued by Philip V of Spain in 1715. These occupation decrees changed the government of the island and separated it from the municipality's government of Palma, which became the official city name. By the end o... | 7,241 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
who had exiled themselves from the Napoleonic occupation of Catalonia and Valencia; during this period freedom flourished, until the absolutist restoration. With the establishment of contemporary Spanish state administrative organization, Palma became the capital of the new province of Balearic Island... | 7,242 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
from mainland Spain. This has contributed to a huge change in the city's traditions, its language, and its economic power.
The boom in tourism has caused Palma to grow significantly. In 1960, Mallorca received 500,000 visitors, in 1997 it received more than 6,739,700. In 2001 more than 19,200,000 peo... | 7,243 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
the main economic portal of Palma. Tourism has affected the rapid economic growth of Palma, making the island of Mallorca wealthier compared to other regions in Spain.
The second economic portal of Palma is agriculture. Main exports of Palma's agriculture are, almonds, oranges, lemons and olives. The... | 7,244 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
Islands archipelago. The land area of the city is about with an altitude of above sea level.
The city center of Palma is located north of the homonymous bay ("Badia de Palma" in the local Catalan language). The area that extends eastwards is mostly a flat fertile plain known as Es Pla. To the north a... | 7,245 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
Mediterranean climate, the climate classification named after the sea surrounding the city. There is a significant marine influence to warm winters, but summers are warmed by the surrounding continental landmasses.
# Main sights.
## Plaça d'Espanya.
The "Plaça d'Espanya" is the transport hub of Pal... | 7,246 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
are also train-themed playing structures, each one shaped like a train carriage and named after towns along the line of the Ferrocarril de Sóller, a railway dating back to 1911 which has its Palma Station right next to the park. Just down the street from here a new bus station is under construction. A... | 7,247 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
de la Mar (Park of the Sea) lies just south, overlooked by the great building which sits above it on the city's stone foundations. Between the two are the town walls.
## The Rocks.
The rocks located a short walk from the cathedral are a place of calm and tranquility.
## Old city.
The Old City (in ... | 7,248 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
as Florence. The majority are private houses, some of which are open to the public as discreet museums or galleries. The Old City is also home to the "Ajuntament" (or Town Hall), the Convent of the Cathedral and the "Banys Àrabs".
### Banys Àrabs.
The "Banys Àrabs", or Arab Baths, one of the few rem... | 7,249 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
part of the home of a Muslim nobleman. The bathroom has a cupola with five oculi which let in dazzling light. The twelve columns holding up the small room were pillaged from an earlier Roman construction. The floor over the hypocaust has been worn away by people standing in the centre, mainly to photo... | 7,250 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
Katie Hall- Famous Model
- Concha Buika, singer
- Rudy Fernández, basketball player for Real Madrid
- Ramon Llull, philosopher and writer
- Jorge Lorenzo, motorcyclist and multiple MotoGP champion
- Guillermo Pont, footballer
- Luis Salom, motorcyclist
- Agustí Villaronga, filmmaker
- Rossy de... | 7,251 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
all sea sports have also a big presence in Palma. Maybe the most important sporting event in the city is the Ciutat de Palma Prizes.
Road cycling is very popular in Mallorca. An international race for professional cyclists, the Vuelta a Mallorca, is held in February, the first day of which consists o... | 7,252 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
through the World Federation Company Sport and was promoted for both local people and tourists to come together in the city. It became a large business venture by offering packages including accommodations close to the events and additional tourism information for future events.
# Transport.
- Palma... | 7,253 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
and most of them have a radiotelephone station, with four existing companies: Taxis Palma Radio, Radio-Taxi Ciutat, Taxi Teléfono and Taxis adapted for users with reduced mobility. Until the change of colour regulated through the Municipal Decree No. 19985 of 15 October 1999, the taxis of Palma for 50... | 7,254 |
74592 | Palma de Mallorca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palma%20de%20Mallorca | Palma de Mallorca
ompanies: Taxis Palma Radio, Radio-Taxi Ciutat, Taxi Teléfono and Taxis adapted for users with reduced mobility. Until the change of colour regulated through the Municipal Decree No. 19985 of 15 October 1999, the taxis of Palma for 50 years had been of the characteristic black and ivory colours. Curre... | 7,255 |
74596 | Sosnowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec
Sosnowiec
Sosnowiec () is an industrial city county in the Dąbrowa Basin ("Zagłębie Dąbrowskie") of southern Poland, in the Silesian Voivodeship , which is also part of the Silesian Metropolis municipal association. Located in the eastern part of the Upper Silesian Industrial Region, Sosnowiec is one of the ... | 7,256 |
74596 | Sosnowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec
in the area prior to 1830. The village was originally known as "Sosnowice". Other variations of the name include "Sosnowietz, Sosnowitz, Sosnovitz" (Yiddish), "Sosnovyts, Sosnowyts, Sosnovytz, Sosnowytz," and "Sosnovetz". There are five other smaller settlements in Poland also called Sosnowiec, located in the... | 7,257 |
74596 | Sosnowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec
in the Silesian Upland on the rivers Brynica and Przemsza, a tributary of the Vistula. The full list of rivers includes Biała Przemsza as well as Czarna Przemsza, Brynica, Bobrek, and Potok Zagórski creek. The city is part of the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999. Previously (since 1945), it wa... | 7,258 |
74596 | Sosnowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec
then was a small settlement in the Polish Duchy of Kraków, located in close vicinity of much larger and better developed villages of Sielce and Zagórze (both are now districts of the city). Other districts are even older. Milowice was first mentioned in 1123 as "Miley". Documents from 1228 already mention Mil... | 7,259 |
74596 | Sosnowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec
by the Kingdom of Prussia and was included into the newly established province of New Silesia. During the Napoleonic Wars, it became part of the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 and later, of Congress Poland ruled by the namiestniks of the Russian Empire. Located at the borders with the German Empire and Austria-Hunga... | 7,260 |
74596 | Sosnowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec
Apart from steelworks and coal-mines and many enterprises of heavy and light industry, new cultural and social establishments were opened as well. The newly established town consisted of the districts of Sosnowiec, Pogoń, Ostra Górka, Sielec, Kuźnica and Radocha, all of which had been separate villages before... | 7,261 |
74596 | Sosnowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec
had an important influence on the development of Sosnowiec. The opening of a branch line of the Warsaw-Vienna Railway in 1859 was vitally important for the growth of the town. Development of industry with the new factory of rope and wire, rolling mill, steelworks, iron foundry, steam boilers factory, and late... | 7,262 |
74596 | Sosnowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec
Sosnowiec became part of the Kielce Voivodeship, and in 1934 the "City County of Sosnowiec" was established. Sosnowiec suffered war damages during both major military conflicts in the 20th century: World War I, which caused mainly destruction to industry, and World War II, which brought about the terror of ex... | 7,263 |
74596 | Sosnowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec
The ghetto was liquidated two months later and almost all remaining Jews (around 15,000) were also deported to Auschwitz. Previously there had been considerable underground activity among them. The Vistula–Oder Offensive of the Red Army in January 1945 brought about the liberation of the city, which gave it a... | 7,264 |
74596 | Sosnowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec
of Katowice Steelworks, and in 1981, the population of Sosnowiec was 250,000, reaching its peak in 1987, when it was 259,000. Since then, the population has been declining. In 1992, the city became seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sosnowiec.
## Parks and gardens.
Sosnowiec has more than 2,250 ha of gre... | 7,265 |
74596 | Sosnowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec
Dietel Park; the Park-Palace Complex of Schöen with two palaces; the Millennium Park, the Środula Park with a sport complex; the nature park "Szopienice-Borki"; as well as the peatbog "Bory" protected area, part of Natura 2000.
# Economy.
Sosnowiec is characterised by its urban dynamics, economic activity, ... | 7,266 |
74596 | Sosnowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec
plays a major role in attracting new businesses into the area. As a result, several companies with Polish and foreign capital opened their businesses in the city. Sosnowiec City Office was awarded the ISO 9001 2001 quality certificate for its management system for providing services for the local community.
... | 7,267 |
74596 | Sosnowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec
image. In 2004 Sosnowiec authorities and designers were awarded the Grand Prix for the rebuilding of the downtown area in a competition for the best public space in the "Śląskie" Provinces. This investment had been accompanied by a program designed to improve the esthetic qualities of the city, under which a ... | 7,268 |
74596 | Sosnowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec
of Sosnowiec
- Sielec
- Stary Sosnowiec
- Środula
- Sosnowiec Śródmieście
- Zagórze
## Points of interest.
There are many relics of the industrial era, especially residences of industrialists. Most of them are located outside strict city center, on the Czarna Przemsza river bank. One of the oldest is a... | 7,269 |
74596 | Sosnowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec
Thomas Church
- Railway Station Sosnowiec Główny
- Railway Station Sosnowiec Maczki
- Huta Buczek
- Old Jewish cemetery
- Three Emperors' Corner
# Education and Science.
Sosnowiec is an academic centre with well-developed research and educational infrastructure on top of industry, services and trade. I... | 7,270 |
74596 | Sosnowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec
and Management
- The Silesian University of Technology
- Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science
- The private School of Ecology
Among general secondary level schools in Sosnowiec there are high-schools such as the II Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Emilii Plater, III Liceum Ogólnokszta... | 7,271 |
74596 | Sosnowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec
is twinned with:
# Notable residents.
- Paula Kania (born 1992), Polish tennis player
- Edward Gierek (1913–2001), Polish communist politician; first secretary of the ruling Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR)
- Jędrzej Giertych (1903–1992), Polish politician
- Paul Godwin (1902–1982), Polish-German viol... | 7,272 |
74596 | Sosnowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec
Włodzimierz Sedlak (1911–1993), Polish priest
- Władysław Spiegelman (1906–1982), father of Art Spiegelman
- James Spigelman (born 1946), Australian judge who served as Chief Justice of New South Wales from 1998 to 2011
- Władysław Szpilman (1911–2000), Polish pianist and classical composer, widely known a... | 7,273 |
74596 | Sosnowiec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec
002 Roman Polanski film "The Pianist"
- Shlomo Sztencl (1884–1919), Polish Orthodox Jewish rabbi
- Ignaz von Szyszylowicz (1857–1910), Polish botanist
- Joanna Krupa (born 1979), Polish-American model, actress and animal rights activist
- Magdalena Ho (born 1994), Vietnamese-Polish model
# External links... | 7,274 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
Lublin
Lublin ( ) is the ninth-largest city in Poland and the second-largest city of Lesser Poland. It is the capital and the center of Lublin Voivodeship (province) with a population of 339,682 (December 2018). Lublin is the largest Polish city east of the Vistula River and is about to the southeast of Warsaw ... | 7,275 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
of a real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, thus creating the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Lublin witnessed the early stages of Reformation in the 16th century. A Calvinist congregation was founded and groups of radical Arians appeared in the city, making it an... | 7,276 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
seat of the Crown Tribunal, the highest appeal court in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and for centuries, the city has been flourishing as a centre of culture and higher learning, with Kraków, Warsaw, Poznań, and Lwów.
Although Lublin was not spared from severe destruction during World War II, its pictures... | 7,277 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
in Poland. The Foreign Direct Investment ranking placed Lublin second among larger Polish cities in the cost-effectiveness category. Lublin is noted for its green spaces and a high standard of living.
# History.
Archaeological finds indicate a long presence of cultures in the area. A complex of settlements sta... | 7,278 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
around the stronghold on Old Town Hill, which was likely one of the main centers of Lendians tribe. When the tribal stronghold was destroyed in the 10th century, the center shifted to the northeast, to a new stronghold above Czechówka valley and, after the mid-12th century, to Castle Hill. At least two churches ... | 7,279 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
mentioning Lublin dates from 1198, so the name must have come into general use some time earlier.
The location of Lublin at the eastern borders of the Polish lands gave it military significance. During the first half of the 13th century, Lublin was a target of attacks by Mongols, Ruthenians, and Lithuanians, wh... | 7,280 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
1326, if not earlier, the stronghold on Castle Hill included a chapel in honor of the Holy Trinity. A stone church dated to 1335-1370 exists to this day.
## Jagiellonian Poland.
In 1392, the city received an important trade privilege from king Władysław II Jagiełło. With the coming of peace between Poland and ... | 7,281 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
held in Lublin. During the 16th century, the noble parliaments ("sejm") were held in Lublin several times. On 26 June 1569, one of the most important proclaimed the Union of Lublin, which united Poland and Lithuania. The Lithuanian name for the city is Liublinas. Lublin was one of the most influential cities of ... | 7,282 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
century, Protestant Reformation movements devolved in Lublin, and a large congregation of Polish Brethren was present in the city. One of Poland's most important Jewish communities was established in Lublin around this time. Jews established a widely respected" yeshiva", Jewish hospital, synagogue, cemetery, and... | 7,283 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
"rosh yeshiva" (headmaster) received the title of rector from the king along with rights and privileges equal to those of the heads of Polish universities.
In the 17th century, the town declined due to a Russo-Ukrainian invasion in 1655 and a Swedish invasion during the Northern Wars.
## 19th century to the pr... | 7,284 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
spurring industrial development. Lublin's population grew from 28,900 in 1873 to 50,150 in 1897 (including 24,000 Jews).
Russian rule ended in 1915, when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the defeat of the Central Powers in 1918, the first government of independent Poland operat... | 7,285 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
population, Jews - 39.5%. In 1931, 63.7% of the inhabitants were Roman Catholic and 34.7% Jewish.
After the 1939 German and Soviet invasion of Poland, the city found itself in the General Government territory controlled by Nazi Germany. The population became a target of severe Nazi repressions focusing on Polis... | 7,286 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
The city served as headquarters for Operation Reinhardt, the main German effort to exterminate all Jews in occupied Poland. The majority of the ghetto inmates, about 26,000 people, were deported to the Bełżec extermination camp between 17 March and 11 April 1942. The remainder were moved to facilities around the... | 7,287 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
West.
On 24 July 1944, the city was taken by the Soviet Army and became the temporary headquarters of the Soviet-controlled communist Polish Committee of National Liberation established by Joseph Stalin, which was to serve as basis for a puppet government. The capital of new Poland was moved to Warsaw in Januar... | 7,288 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
has a humid continental climate (Köppen "Dfb") with cold, damp winters and warm summers.
# Population.
The diagram shows population growth over the past 400 years. In 1999, the population of Lublin was estimated to 359,154, the highest in the city's history.
# Economy and infrastructure.
The Lublin region is... | 7,289 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
enabling nearby satellite municipality Świdnik for large-scale industrial investments, seamlessly testing the capacity of the agglomeration. The close cooperation with Warsaw is significant to the regional economy, bringing quality cultural events inshore, yet the proximity of Warsaw is an underestimated asset.
... | 7,290 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
in professionals eager to work in Lublin, due to reasons, like quality of life, culture management, the environment, improving connection to Warsaw, levels of education, or financial, because of usually higher operating margins of global organizations present in the area.
The large car factory Fabryka Samochodó... | 7,291 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
keep its prime market. With the decline of Lublin as a regional industrial centre, the city's economy has been reoriented toward service industries. Currently, the largest employer is the Maria Curie-Sklodowska University.
The price of land and investing costs are lower than in western Poland. However, the Lubl... | 7,292 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
zone in Lublin that offers tax incentives. It is part of “Park Mielec” — the European Economic Development area. At least 13 large companies had declared their wish to invest here, e.g., Carrefour, Comarch, Safo, Asseco, Aliplast, Herbapol and Perła Browary Lubelskie. At the same time, the energy giant Polska Gr... | 7,293 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
and a new underground gallery ("Alchemy") between and beneath Świętoduska and Lubartowska Streets.
## Media.
There is a public TV station in the city: TVP Lublin which owns a 104-meter-tall concrete television tower. The station put its first program on the air in 1985. In recent years it contributed programmi... | 7,294 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
include "Kurier Lubelski" daily, regional partner of the national newspaper "Dziennik Wschodni" daily, "Gazeta Wyborcza" [ Lublin Edition] daily (regional supplement to the national newspaper "Gazeta Wyborcza"), "[ Metro]" (daily, free) and "Nasze Miasto Lublin" weekly (free).
## Transport.
From Lublin railway... | 7,295 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
train to Warsaw takes about two and half hours. The Lublin Airport is located in Świdnik, about SE of Lublin. There is a direct train link from the airport to downtown.
## Roads.
, no motorways or expressways connect the city with the rest of Poland; currently, there is an expressway bypass around the city and... | 7,296 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
a high capacity bypass road around Lublin, removing most of the through traffic from the city streets and decreasing congestion. Furthermore, the construction of S17 in the direction of Warsaw is due to open in 2019 and the construction of S19 towards Rzeszów will begin.
Lublin is one of only four towns in Pola... | 7,297 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
Chapel in Lublin Castle are a mixture of Catholic motifs with eastern Russian-Byzantine styles, reinforcing how the city connects the West with the East.
## The arts.
### Museum.
The premier museum in the city is the Lublin Museum, one of the oldest and largest museums of Eastern Poland, as well as the Majdan... | 7,298 |
74594 | Lublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lublin | Lublin
cities. Films were handed out between filmmakers present at Cannes Festival. "Action" was sponsored by the European Union. There are movie theaters in Lublin including Cinema City (multiplex), Cinema Bajka, Cinema Chatka Żaka, and Cinema Medyk.
### Theatres.
There are many cultural organizations in Lublin, eit... | 7,299 |
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