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train · ~45.2M rows (showing the first 6.14M)

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43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics International Association of Athletics Federations, the sport's governing body, defines athletics in six disciplines: track and field, road running, race walking, cross country running, mountain running, and trail running (mountain running was added in 2003 and trail running was added in 2015). All f...	7,400
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics emerged in the late 19th century and were typically contested between athletes who were representing rival educational institutions, military organisations and sports clubs. Participating athletes may compete in one or more events, according to their specialities. Men and women compete separately. Tr...	7,401
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics track events. Relay races feature teams comprising four runners each, who must pass a baton to their teammate after a specified distance with the aim of being the first team to finish. Hurdling events and the steeplechase are a variation upon the flat running theme in that athletes must clear obstacl...	7,402
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics the high jump and pole vault are decided on the height achieved. Combined events, which include the decathlon (typically competed by men) and heptathlon (typically competed by women), are competitions where athletes compete in a number of different track and field events, with each performance going ...	7,403
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics and field events have become the most prominent part of major athletics championships and many famous athletes within the sport of athletics come from this discipline. Discrete track and field competitions are found at national championships-level and also at annual, invitational track and field meet...	7,404
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics often finish on the track of a main stadium. In addition to being a common recreational sport, the elite level of the sport – particularly marathon races – are one of the most popular aspects of athletics. Road racing events can be of virtually any distance, but the most common and well known are the...	7,405
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics includes the five most prestigious marathon competitions at the elite level – the Berlin, Boston, Chicago, London, and New York City marathons. The sport of road running finds its roots in the activities of footmen: male servants who ran alongside the carriages of aristocrats around the 18th century...	7,406
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics movement in the late 19th century marginalised competitions based on the professional, gambling model. The 1896 Summer Olympics saw the birth of the modern marathon and the event led to the growth of road running competitions through annual events such as the Boston Marathon (first held in 1897) and ...	7,407
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics Cross country running. Cross country running is the most naturalistic of the sports in athletics as competitions take place on open-air courses over surfaces such as grass, woodland trails, and earth. It is both an individual and team sport, as runners are judged on an individual basis and a points ...	7,408
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics schools in the 19th century and culminated in the creation of the first International Cross Country Championships in 1903. The annual IAAF World Cross Country Championships was inaugurated in 1973 and this remains the highest level of competition for the sport. A number of continental cross country c...	7,409
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics having featured in the athletics programme from 1912–1924, it has been present as one of the events within the modern pentathlon competition since the 1912 Summer Olympics. One variation on traditional cross country is mountain running, which incorporates significant uphill and/or downhill sections a...	7,410
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics is the only sport in athletics in which judges monitor athletes on their technique. Racewalkers must always have a foot in contact with the ground and their advancing leg must be straightened, not bent at the knee – failure to follow these rules results in disqualification from the race. Racewalking...	7,411
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics period, racewalking was frequently held on athletics tracks for ease of measurement, and the 1908 Summer Olympics in London saw the introduction of the 3500-metre and 10-mile walks. Racewalking was briefly dropped from the Olympic programme in 1928, but the men's 50 kilometres race walk has been held...	7,412
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics in Athletics and at the Summer Olympics, although the sport also has its own separate major competition – the IAAF World Race Walking Cup – which has been held since 1961. The IAAF World Race Walking Challenge forms the primary seasonal competition – athletes earn points for their performances at ten...	7,413
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics otherwise not be competitive in open-to-all events. The eligibility of athletes for a given category is occasionally a source of controversy among the sport's participants, officials and spectators, with disputes typically being rooted in deliberate cheating in order to gain a competitive advantage o...	7,414
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics sex. In contrast to the men's division, the development of the women's division has caused regular dispute in terms of eligibility. Several intersex athletes had success in the women's division in the early 20th century, such as Stanisława Walasiewicz and Mary Weston (later Mark), and the IAAF respon...	7,415
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics José Martínez-Patiño failed a test and was disqualified in 1985, but publicly fought the ban in court and was reinstated in 1988. In 1991, the IAAF replaced the sex chromatin test with general medical tests for athletes of all divisions, due to changes in ethical and scientific viewpoints. The quest...	7,416
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics caused other athletes in the division to raise questions of fairness in competition. The dispute reached new heights in 2019 with the United Nations Human Rights Council issuing a statement that the IAAF was breaching "international human rights norms and standards" through its practice of allowing s...	7,417
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics in women's sport. ## Age. Age is a significant determiner of ability to compete in athletics, with athletic ability generally increasing through childhood and adolescence, peaking in early adulthood, then gradually declining from around the age of 30 onwards. As a result, numerous age categories ha...	7,418
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics older athletes and these are commonly organised under the umbrella of masters athletics, which has age groups spanning five years for all athletes aged 35 and above. There is no limit to the number of age groupings, hence Stanisław Kowalski holds a world record for men aged 105 years and over. For co...	7,419
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics at all of the IAAF's global age category championships. One prominent incident was Olympic medalist Thomas Longosiwa, who provided a falsified passport to compete at the 2006 World Junior Championships in Athletics at age 24. Age falsification for youth categories is mostly limited to less developed ...	7,420
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics to be over 100 years old) reaching mainstream attention. ## Athletes with disabilities. Athletes with physical disabilities have competed at separate international events since 1952. The International Paralympic Committee governs the competitions in athletics, and hosts the Paralympic Games, which ...	7,421
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics palsy - 40–46 – amputation, and others (including athletes with dwarfism) - 51–58 – Wheelchair Operating independently of the Paralympic movement, deaf athletes have a long-established tradition of organised athletics, with the first major world competition being included at the 1924 Deaflympics. ...	7,422
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics Most major marathons have wheelchair divisions and the elite racers consistently beat the runners on foot. The speed of wheel chair racers has caused difficulties for race organisers in properly staggering their start times compared to runners. A collision between Josh Cassidy (a wheelchair racer) an...	7,423
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics a semi-finalist at the 2011 World Championships and won a silver medal as part of South Africa's 4 × 400 metres relay team. In masters athletics it is far more common to make an accommodation for athletes with a disability. Blind Ivy Granstrom set numerous Masters world records while being guided aro...	7,424
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics athletics programme was only restored twelve years later at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. # Venues. Professional athletics almost exclusively takes place in one of three types of venue: stadiums, set courses on grass or woodland, and road-based courses. Such venues ensure that events take place in a...	7,425
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics a stadium, 400 metres in length, and has at least eight lanes 1.22 m in width (small arenas might have six lanes). Older track facilities may have nonstandard track lengths, such as 440 yards (402.3 m; 1/4 mile) (common in the United States). Historically, tracks were covered by a dirt running surfac...	7,426
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics width between 0.90 m and 1.10 m. Often, the bends of an indoor track will be banked to compensate for the small turning radius. However, because of space limitations, indoor tracks may have other nonstandard lengths, such as 160-yard (146.3 m) indoor track at Madison Square Garden used for the Millro...	7,427
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics tight turns, and undulating ground. While a small number of purpose-built courses exist, the vast majority of cross country running courses are created by cordoning a specific area within any open natural land, typically a park, woodland or greenspace near a settlement. At the elite and professional...	7,428
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics minimum or avoided entirely. Because the majority of races take place on areas of grass, soil, mud or earth, weather conditions can significantly affect the difficulty of cross country courses, as snow and rain reduces traction and can create areas of standing water. ## Road courses. The surface o...	7,429
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics field stadium. Road racing courses come in two primary types: looped and point-to-point. Courses may be measured and designed to cover a standardised distance, such as , or they may simply follow a set route between two landmarks. Road running courses over 5 km usually offer drinks or refreshment st...	7,430
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics lap for races longer than 10 km. # Organizations. Since its foundation in 1912, the international governing body for athletics has been the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). It was initially known as the International Amateur Athletics Federation but changed later its name ...	7,431
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics international or continental level; instead, all fall under the athletics authorities. - AAA – Asian Athletics Association - CAA – Confederation of African Athletics - CONSUDATLE – South American Athletics Confederation - NACACAA – North America, Central America and Caribbean Athletic Association...	7,432
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics national championships, and annual meetings and races. Athletics at international championships, or Games, represent the pinnacle of competition within the sport, and they are contested between athletes representing their country or region. The organisation of these competitions is usually overseen b...	7,433
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics purpose of deciding the country's best athlete in each event. Annual one-day meetings and races form the most basic level of competition and are the most common format of athletics contests. These events are often invitational and are organised by sports organisations, sports promoters, or other inst...	7,434
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics a global athletics competition took place. All the four major sports within athletics have featured in the Olympic athletics programme since its inception in 1896, although cross country has since been dropped. The Olympic competition is the most prestigious athletics contest, and many athletics even...	7,435
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics with a physical disability. Track and field, and road events have featured in the Paralympic athletics programme since its inception in 1960. The Paralympic competition is the most prestigious athletics contest where athletes with a physical disability compete. Athletics at the Paralympic Games also...	7,436
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics IAAF World Championships in Athletics is the primary global athletics championships held by IAAF. The biennial competition was first held in 1983 and now features an event programme which is identical to the Olympics. Thus, road running, racewalking and track and field are the sports which feature at...	7,437
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics (formerly World Road Running Championships). While not having official world championship status, the biennial IAAF World Race Walking Cup fulfils a similar role for the sport of racewalking. Outdoor track and field is the only sport in athletics that does not have a its own distinct global champions...	7,438
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics Masters Athletics Championships for athletes in 5-year age divisions over the age of 35. The now defunct IAAF World Road Relay Championships served as the global event for ekiden marathon relay races. Elite athletes with a physical disability compete at the World Para Athletics Championships and at ...	7,439
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics at the biennial summer Universiade competition. It has been one of the event's competed sports since the inaugural edition. # Culture and media. Athletics, and its athletes in particular, has been artistically depicted since ancient times – one of the surviving instances include runners and high ju...	7,440
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics aesthetic of the period: "a body capable of enduring all efforts, either of the racecourse or of bodily strength...This is why the athletes in the pentathlon are most beautiful". Films about athletics are overwhelmingly focused on running events: the 1962 film "The Loneliness of the Long Distance Ru...	7,441
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics Biopics are found within the genre, including "Prefontaine" (regarding Steve Prefontaine) and "Jim Thorpe – All-American" (1951) featuring Burt Lancaster as Thorpe. Documentaries are also common with examples such as 2007 film "Spirit of the Marathon", which follows runners' preparations for the 2005...	7,442
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics both of which were first published in England in the early 1940s, and "Track & Field News" which was first published in the United States in 1948. "Runner's World" has been in print since 1966 and the "Track & Field Magazine of Japan" ("Rikujyo Kyogi Magazine") is another long-running publication. A...	7,443
43719	Sport of athletics	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport%20of%20athletics	Sport of athletics appearance of a coin that is "worn" by time. This scene originally appeared on a black-figure vase of the 6th century BC. # See also. - List of Olympic medalists in athletics (men), (women) - List of world records in athletics - World records (athletes with a disability) - National records in at...	7,444
74609	Płock	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Płock	Płock Płock Płock ( ) is a city on the Vistula river in central Poland. It is located in the Masovian Voivodeship (since 1999), having previously been the capital of the Płock Voivodeship (1975–1998). According to the data provided by GUS on 31 December 2018 there were 120,000 inhabitants in the city. Its full ceremon...	7,445
74609	Płock	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Płock	Płock contains the sarcophagi of a number of Polish monarchs. It is the cultural, academic, scientific, administrative and transportation center of the west and north Masovian region. The first Jewish settlers came to the city in the 14th century, responding to the extension of rights by the Polish kings. They built a...	7,446
74609	Płock	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Płock	Płock to other areas but exterminated most of them in the Holocaust. By the war's end, only 300 Jewish residents were known to have survived, of more than 10,000 in the region. # History. The area was long inhabited by the pagan peoples. In the 10th century, a fortified location was established high of the Vistula Ri...	7,447
74609	Płock	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Płock	Płock and Bolesław III Wrymouth (1079–1138). It was also a seat of several of the dukes of Masovia. During the rule of the first monarchs of the Piast dynasty, even prior to the Baptism of Poland, Płock served as one of the monarchial seats, including that of Prince Mieszko I and King Bolesław I the Brave. The king bu...	7,448
74609	Płock	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Płock	Płock the Polish monarchs Władysław I Herman and Bolesław III Wrymouth. The city suffered major losses in population due to plague, fire, and warfare, with wars between Sweden and Poland in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. At that time, the Swedes destroyed much of the city, but the people rebuilt and recovered...	7,449
74609	Płock	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Płock	Płock It laid out a new city plan in the early 19th century, as new residents continued to arrive. Many of its finest buildings were constructed in this period in the Classical style. It had a scientific society before mid-century, and in the late 19th century began to industrialize. Germany attacked Poland in 1939, a...	7,450
74609	Płock	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Płock	Płock and interpretation of the city and region's history. Płock is the oldest legislated seat of the Roman Catholic diocese; the Masovian Blessed Virgin Mary Cathedral was built here in the first half of the 12th century and houses the sarcophagi of Polish monarchs. It is one of the five oldest cathedrals in Poland. ...	7,451
74609	Płock	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Płock	Płock and in the early 20th century established a separate and independent denomination. This site is the main seat of the Mariavite bishops. Their most important church was built here in the beginning of the 20th century; it is called "Temple of Mercy and Charity" and is situated in a pleasant garden on the hill on wh...	7,452
74609	Płock	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Płock	Płock Płock (Yiddish: "Plotzk") dates back many centuries, probably to the 13th and 14th centuries, when records include them. The Polish kings extended rights to them in 1264 and the 14th century, and provided continued political support through the centuries. At the beginning of the 19th century, their more than 1200...	7,453
74609	Płock	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Płock	Płock the late 19th century, Jews established two factories to produce farm machines and tools, and the first iron foundry in the city. They had two synagogues and two cemeteries (dating to the 15th century), religious and secular schools, and established a library and hospital. They contributed strongly to the economy...	7,454
74609	Płock	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Płock	Płock They were assigned to locations far from the front. In 1940, the Nazis established a ghetto in Płock. They started actions against the Jews, killing those in an old people's home and sick children, and transporting others to be killed at Brwilski Forest. Ultimately, they transported the Jews to 20 camps and sites...	7,455
74609	Płock	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Płock	Płock Mazowsze region of Poland. The Great Synagogue was destroyed during the Holocaust. The small synagogue was designated as a historic building about 1960, but deteriorated in physical condition while vacant. It was renovated and adapted for use as a museum, opening in April 2013 as the Museum of Masovian Jews, a br...	7,456
74609	Płock	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Płock	Płock & Co. factory is located in Płock and provides manufacturing jobs. # Education. - Szkoła Wyższa im. Pawła Włodkowica - Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Płocku - Płock Campus of Warsaw University of Technology - LO im. Marszałka Stanisława Małachowskiego w Płocku - the oldest school in Poland - LO im. Wlad...	7,457
74609	Płock	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Płock	Płock Sport. - Wisła Płock - football team (Polish Cup and Polish Supercup, currently playing in Polish First Division) - Wisła Płock - handball team (repeated Polish Champion and repeated winner Cup of Poland) # Politics. Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Płock constituency - Julia Pitera, PO - Mirosław ...	7,458
74609	Płock	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Płock	Płock inner Cup of Poland) # Politics. Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Płock constituency - Julia Pitera, PO - Mirosław Koźlakiewicz, PO - Andrzej Nowakowski, PO - Wojciech Jasiński, Pis - Marek Opioła, Pis - Robert Kołakowski, Pis - Dariusz Kaczanowski, Pis - Waldemar Pawlak, PSL - Adam Struzik, P...	7,459
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów Rzeszów Rzeszów ( ; ; ) is the largest city in southeastern Poland and eighteenth in the whole country, with a population of 191,564 (31 December 2018). It is located on both sides of the Wisłok River in the heartland of the Sandomierz Basin. Rzeszów has been the capital of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship since ...	7,460
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów Sea. It also experienced growth in commerce and craftsmanship, especially under local rulers and noblemen. Following the Partitions of Poland, Rzeszów was annexed by the Austrian Empire and did not regain its position until it returned to Poland after World War I. During World War II Rzeszów's large Jewish comm...	7,461
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów and foreign consulates. Rzeszów is also developing as a regional tourist destination; its Old Town, Main Market Square, churches and synagogues are among the best preserved in the country. In recent years, the population of Rzeszów has grown from 159,000 (2005) to over 190,000 (2018). Further plans for extendi...	7,462
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów the mid-6th century BC, the first farmers came to the area of the city, most likely through the Moravian Gate. Later on, Rzeszów was a settlement of the Lusatian culture, which was followed by the Przeworsk culture. In the 5th century, the first Slavs appeared in the area, which is confirmed by numerous archeo...	7,463
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów sides agreed that the border would go between Rzeszów and Czudec (Rzeszów belonged to Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, while Czudec and Strzyżów to Lesser Poland). After unification of Poland (see Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth), Rzeszów remained in Ruthenian hands until 1340, when Casimir III the Great annexe...	7,464
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów Rzeszów's local authorities the permission to punish criminals, build fortifications and tax merchants. In 1458 Rzeszów was burned by the Vlachs and the Turkic Tatars. In 1502 the Tatars destroyed it again. Earlier, in 1427, Rzeszów had burned to the ground in a big fire, but the town recovered after these eve...	7,465
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów and a monastery. Rzeszów then had some 2,500 inhabitants, with a rapidly growing Jewish community. The town was granted several royal rights, including the privilege to organise several markets a year. At that time, Rzeszów finally grew beyond its medieval borders, marked by fortifications. In 1638 Rzeszów pas...	7,466
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów then by the troops of George II Rákóczi leading to the Treaty of Radnot. During the Great Northern War, the Swedes again captured Rzeszów, in 1702, then several different armies occupied the town, ransacking it and destroying houses. In the mid-eighteenth century, the town's population was composed of Poles (R...	7,467
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów In 1858, Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis reached Rzeszów, which resulted in further development of the town. In 1888 first telephone lines were opened, in 1900 – gas street lamps, and in 1911 – power plant and water system. The population grew to 23,000, with half of inhabitants being Jews. A number ...	7,468
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów September, they captured it. First Russian occupation lasted only 16 days, ending after an attack of the Austrians, on 4 October. Under Russian pressure, the Austrians were unable to keep the town, and on 7 November, the Russians again appeared in Rzeszów. In late fall of 1914, the frontline was established bet...	7,469
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów a negative effect on the population, and the quality of life deteriorated. ## Interwar period and Second World War. On 12 October 1918, Rzeszów's mayor, together with the town council, sent a message to Warsaw, announcing loyalty to the independent Polish government. On November 1st, after clashes with German...	7,470
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów had an enormous impact on Rzeszów. It became a major center of defense industry, with PZL Rzeszów opening there in 1937, it also was a home to a large garrison of the Polish Army, with the 10th Motorized Cavalry Brigade stationed there. In 1939, Rzeszów had 40,000 inhabitants, but its dynamic growth was stopped...	7,471
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów there, whose Jewish inhabitants were later murdered in Bełżec extermination camp. During the war, Rzeszów was a main center of Polish resistance (Home Army, AK), with Rzeszów Inspectorate of the AK covering several counties. On 25 May, during Action Kosba, Home Army soldiers killed on Rzeszów street Gestapo he...	7,472
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów Castle, sending there a number of Home Army soldiers. In the night of 7/9 October 1944, Home Army unit under Łukasz Ciepliński attacked the castle, trying to release 400 inmates kept there. The attack failed, and Ciepliński was captured and subsequently executed in 1951. ### The Holocaust. Until the outbreak ...	7,473
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów to live in the Gestapo-controlled ghetto. Many Jews managed to flee to Soviet-occupied Poland. By June 1940, the number of Jews in Rzeszów had decreased to 11,800, of whom 7,800 were pre-war residents of the city; the rest were from surrounding villages. Life in the ghetto was impossible and hundreds died. Duri...	7,474
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów their demise in Auschwitz. Of Rzeszów's 14,000 Jews, only 100 survived the war in Rzeszów itself, hiding all over Poland, and in various camps. After the war an additional 600 Rzeszów Jews returned from the Soviet Union. Almost all of them subsequently left the city and the country. ## Communist era and presen...	7,475
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów and the area of the city grew to 39 km. In 1971 and 1977, further villages were annexed. In early 1981, Rzeszów was a main center of peasant's protests, who for fifty days occupied local offices, which resulted in the signing of the Rzeszów – Ustrzyki Agreement, and the creation of Rural Solidarity. On 1 Janua...	7,476
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów Informatics (CEOI). ### Papal visit. In 1991 Pope John Paul II visited Rzeszów. During the celebrations in which nearly 1,000,000 people participated, the pope beatified Bishop Józef Sebastian Pelczar, former bishop of Przemyśl. On 25 March 1992 Pope John Paul II established the new Diocese of Rzeszów. The ci...	7,477
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów from and in winter from . The average annual temperature is . In summer temperatures often exceed , and sometimes even , while winter drops to at night and about at day; during very cold nights the temperature drops to . In view of the fact that Rzeszów lies near the Carpathian Mountains, there is sometimes a h...	7,478
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów to other cities close to the size of Rzeszów in Poland, the population is growing. Rzeszów is the 18th Polish city in terms of population and 22 in terms of area. The decisions of the Council of Ministers from 2015 and 2016 with a significant increase in the area of cities Zielona Góra and Opole had an impact ...	7,479
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów Gallery ## Libraries. - Provincial and City Public Library in Rzeszów - Rzeszów University Library - Rzeszów University of Technology Library ## Other. - Podpromie Hall - Artur Malawski Philharmonic Hall ## Notable people. As the largest city of the region Rzeszów has a diverse set of notable people as...	7,480
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów in Rzeszów. Anja Rubik, Polish model, was born in 1983 in Rzeszów. Natalie Portman's family come from Rzeszów. Tomasz Stańko, internationally acclaimed jazz trumpeter, Rich Szaro, American football player, and Dawid Kostecki, professional boxer, come from Rzeszów. ## Sports. - Resovia Rzeszów - men's volleyb...	7,481
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów International (NYSE:VRX) Rzeszów (formerly ICN Polfa Rzeszów) - United Technologies Corporation (NYSE:UTX) Pratt & Whitney division (acquired WSK-PZL Rzeszów) – Aerospace engineering including one of the world's two F-16 engine manufacturers - Zelmer SA – household equipment - Asseco Poland SA (earlier Comp ...	7,482
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów in the field of ICT systems - G2A.COM Limited - a global digital marketplace which specializes in gaming products At Widełka substation, situated approximately north-northeast of Rzeszów, the Rzeszów–Khmelnytskyi powerline, the only 750 kV powerline in Poland, ends. ## Media. ### Radio. - Radio Rzeszów - ...	7,483
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów in France via Belgium, across Germany, Poland, Ukraine and onto Russia and Kazakhstan. Within Poland the E40 follows the A4 Highway. Other Polish cities located by the E40 highway are Wrocław, Katowice, Kraków and Korczowa. In recent years, communication has been improved by modernisation of the roads within t...	7,484
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów supplemented seasonally by tourist charter flights to typical summer leisure destinations. For more details see Rzeszów-Jasionka Airport or its Official website. ### Buses. The city operates 49 bus lines including night and airport buses. Rzeszów is also a gateway to the Bieszczady mountains, with many buses...	7,485
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów "Rzeszów Staroniwa", "Rzeszów Zwięczyca", "Rzeszów Osiedle", "Rzeszów Załęże" and "Rzeszów Zachodni" (freight only). There are also two non-electrified lines stemming from Rzeszów – to Jasło and to Tarnobrzeg. # Education. Universities: - Rzeszów University (established in 2001 from a number of smaller schoo...	7,486
74604	Rzeszów	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzeszów	Rzeszów website Notable high schools: - Konarski's Number 1 High School in Rzeszów - John Paul II High School # International relations. ## Twin towns – Sister cities. Rzeszów is twinned with: - Gainesville, Florida, United States - Buffalo, New York, United States - Košice, Slovakia - Nyíregyháza, Hungary -...	7,487
74601	Bytom	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bytom	Bytom Bytom Bytom ( ; Silesian: "Bytůń", ) is a city with powiat rights in southern Poland, in Silesia, in centre of Metropolitan Association of Upper Silesia and Dąbrowa Basin. It is one of the oldest cities in the Upper Silesia, and the former seat of the Piast dukes of the Duchy of Bytom. Until 1532, it was in the...	7,488
74601	Bytom	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bytom	Bytom national, social, cultural and publishing organisations fighting to preserve Polish identity in Upper Silesia. During Kristallnacht in 1938, Nazi Germans burned down the Bytom Synagogue. In 1942, the Beuthen Jewish community was liquidated and its members were the first transport to be sent to Auschwitz concentr...	7,489
74601	Bytom	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bytom	Bytom Upland of consists primarily of sandstones and slates. The rocks are punctuated with abundant natural resources of coal and iron ore from the Carboniferous period. In the north part of the upland, in the Bytom basin lays the broad range of the triassic rocks, from sandstones to limestones, with rich ore, zinc and...	7,490
74601	Bytom	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bytom	Bytom Kingdom of Poland. Archaeological discoveries have shown that there was a fortified settlement (a "gród") here, probably founded by the Polish King Bolesław I the Brave in the early 11th century. After the fragmentation of Poland in 1138, Bytom became part of the Seniorate Province, as it was still considered pa...	7,491
74601	Bytom	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bytom	Bytom and Greater Poland from north to south. The first Roman Catholic Church of the Virgin Mary was built in 1231. In 1259 Bytom was raided by the Mongols. The Duchy of Opole was split and in 1281 Bytom became a separate duchy, since 1289 under overlordship and administration of the Kingdom of Bohemia. It existed unti...	7,492
74601	Bytom	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bytom	Bytom 19th and the first part of the 20th centuries, the city rapidly grew and industrialized. Bytom was one of the main centers of Polish resistance against Germanization in Upper Silesia in the 19th century, up until the mid-20th century. Polish social, political and cultural organizations were formed and operated h...	7,493
74601	Bytom	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bytom	Bytom Kwidzyn) in Germany, in which a Polish gymnasium was allowed to operate. Before 1939, the town, along with Gleiwitz (now Gliwice), was at the southeastern tip of German Silesia. The Bytom Synagogue was burned down by Nazi German SS and SA troopers during the Kristallnacht on 9–10 November 1938. During World War ...	7,494
74601	Bytom	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bytom	Bytom Some of the indigenous Silesian population remained. # Economy. Trade is one of main pillars of the economy of Bytom. Being a city with long traditions of commercial trade, Bytom is fulfilling its new postindustrial role. In the centre of Bytom, and mainly around Station Street and the Market Square, is the lar...	7,495
74601	Bytom	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bytom	Bytom football team played in the Ekstraklasa most recently from 2007 to 2011, winning it twice in 1954 and in 1962. The Szombierki district is home to another former Polish champion Szombierki Bytom which won the title in 1980, and is one of the oldest clubs in the region. # Culture. Bytom's cultural venues include:...	7,496
74601	Bytom	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bytom	Bytom Galeria "Pod Szrtychem", Galeria Sztuki "Od Nowa 2", Galeria SPAP "Plastyka" – Galeria "Kolor", Galeria "Stowarzyszenia.Rewolucja.Art.Pl", and Galeria-herbaciarnia "Fanaberia". Festivals - Annual International Contemporary Dance Conference and Performance Festival - Theatromania – Theatre Festival - Bytom Lit...	7,497
74601	Bytom	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bytom	Bytom Stefana Żeromskiego - IV Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Bolesława Chrobrego - 21 other secondary schools # Confederation of Silesia. Bytom is a place from where Confederation of Silesia – Polish Bonapartists originates. # Politics. ## Bytom/Gliwice/Zabrze constituency. Members of 2001–2005 Parliament (Sejm) e...	7,498
74601	Bytom	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bytom	Bytom musician - Heinrich Schulz-Beuthen (1838–1915), German composer - Siegfried Karfunkelstein (1848–1870), Prussian soldier - Ernst Gaupp (1865–1916), German anatomist - Ludwig Halberstädter (1876–1949), radiologist - Adolf Kober (1879–1958), rabbi and historian - Maximilian Kaller (1880–1947), bishop of Warmi...	7,499

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