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we were down to five countries but in that year smallpox exploded throughout india and india was the place where smallpox made its last stand in india had a population of million there are linguistic states in india which is like saying different countries there are million people on the road at any time in buses and trains walking villages million households and none of them wanted to report if they had a case of smallpox in their house because they thought that smallpox was the visitation of a deity mata the cooling mother and it was wrong to bring strangers into your house when the deity was in the house no incentive to report smallpox it wasn't just india that had smallpox deities smallpox deities were prevalent all over the world so how we eradicated smallpox was mass vaccination wouldn't work
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it wasn't just india that had smallpox deities smallpox deities were prevalent all over the world so how we eradicated smallpox was mass vaccination wouldn't work you could vaccinate everybody in india but one year later there'd be million new babies which was then the population of canada it wouldn't do just to vaccinate everyone you had to find every single case of smallpox in the world at the same time and draw a circle of immunity around it and that's what we did in india alone my best friends and i went door to door with that same picture to every single house in india we made over one billion house calls and in the process i learned something very important
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and in the process i learned something very important every time we did a house search we had a spike in the number of reports of smallpox when we didn't search we had the illusion that there was no disease when we did search we had the illusion that there was more disease a surveillance system was necessary because what we needed was early detection early response so we searched and we searched and we found every case of smallpox in india we had a reward we raised the reward
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we had a reward we raised the reward we continued to increase the reward we had a scorecard that we wrote on every house and as we did that the number of reported cases in the world dropped to zero and in we declared the globe free of smallpox it was the largest campaign in united nations history until the iraq war people from all over the world doctors of every race religion culture and nation who fought side by side brothers and sisters with each other not against each other in a common cause to make the world better but smallpox was the fourth disease that was intended for eradication
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i was an eighth grader and i entered a drawing contest at school in i was trying my best and my teacher came around and asked me what are you doing i'm drawing diligently i said why are you using only black indeed i was eagerly coloring the sketchbook in black and i explained it's a dark night and a crow is on a branch then my teacher said really well young ha you may not be good at drawing but you have a talent for storytelling or so i wished now you'll get it you rascal was the response
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if he was an ideal teacher he would have responded like i said before young ha may not have a talent for drawing but he has a gift for making up stories and he would have encouraged me but such a teacher is seldom found later i grew up and went to europe's galleries i was a university student and i thought this was really unfair look what i found
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so i can say this it's not the hundreds of reasons why one can't be an artist but rather the one reason one must be that makes us artists why we cannot be something is not important most artists became artists because of the one reason when we put the devil in our heart to sleep and start our own art enemies appear on the outside mostly they have the faces of our parents
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almost everything kids do is art they draw with crayons on the wall they dance to son dam dance on tv but you can't even call it son dam dance it becomes the kids' own dance so they dance a strange dance and inflict their singing on everyone perhaps their art is something only their parents can bear and because they practice such art all day long people honestly get a little tired around kids
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and what's in your filter bubble depends on who you are and it depends on what you do but the thing is that you don't decide what gets in and more importantly you don't actually see what gets edited out so one of the problems with the filter bubble was discovered by some researchers at and they were looking at the queues and they noticed something kind of funny that a lot of us probably have noticed which is there are some movies that just sort of zip right up and out to our houses they enter the queue they just zip right out so iron man zips right out and waiting for superman can wait for a really long time what they discovered was that in our queues there's this epic struggle going on between our future selves and our more impulsive present selves you know we all want to be someone who has watched but right now we want to watch ace ventura for the fourth time
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a question about the news feed and the journalist was asking him why is this so important and said a squirrel dying in your front yard may be more relevant to your interests right now than people dying in africa and i want to talk about what a web based on that idea of relevance might look like so when i was growing up in a really rural area in maine the internet meant something very different to me it meant a connection to the world
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so june the is switched back on my colleagues and i held our breath and bit our fingernails and then finally we saw the first proton collisions at this highest energy ever applause champagne celebration this was a milestone for science and we had no idea what we would find in this brand new data and then a few weeks later we found a bump it wasn't a very big bump but it was big enough to make you raise your eyebrow but on a scale of one to for eyebrow raises if indicates that you've discovered a new particle this eyebrow raise is about a four
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this little bump would not go away so after a few months we presented our little bump to the world with a very clear message this little bump is interesting but it's not definitive so let's keep an eye on it as we take more data so we were trying to be extremely cool about it and the world ran with it anyway the news loved it people said it reminded them of the little bump that was shown on the way toward the higgs discovery better than that my theorist colleagues i love my theorist colleagues my theorist colleagues wrote papers about this little bump
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that all of the other known forces of nature are perfectly described by this thing we call the standard model which is our current best description of nature at its smallest scales and quite frankly one of the most successful achievements of humankind except for gravity which is absent from the standard model it's crazy it's almost as though most of gravity has gone missing we feel a little bit of it but where's the rest of it no one knows but one theoretical explanation proposes a wild solution you and i even you in the back we live in three dimensions of space i hope that's a non controversial statement
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or the extra data will fill in the space around the bump and turn it into a nice smooth line so we took more data and with five times the data several months later our little bump turned into a smooth line the news reported on a huge disappointment on faded hopes and on particle physicists being sad given the tone of the coverage you'd think that we had decided to shut down the and go home
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there is something about physics that has been really bothering me since i was a little kid and it's related to a question that scientists have been asking for almost years with no answer how do the smallest things in nature the particles of the quantum world match up with the largest things in nature planets and stars and galaxies held together by gravity as a kid i would puzzle over questions just like this i would fiddle around with microscopes and electromagnets and i would read about the forces of the small and about quantum mechanics and i would marvel at how well that description matched up to our observation then i would look at the stars and i would read about how well we understand gravity and i would think surely there must be some elegant way that these two systems match up
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i would fiddle around with microscopes and electromagnets and i would read about the forces of the small and about quantum mechanics and i would marvel at how well that description matched up to our observation then i would look at the stars and i would read about how well we understand gravity and i would think surely there must be some elegant way that these two systems match up but there's not and the books would say yeah we understand a lot about these two realms separately but when we try to link them mathematically everything breaks and for years none of our ideas as to how to solve this basically physics disaster has ever been supported by evidence and to little old me little curious skeptical james this was a supremely unsatisfying answer so i'm still a skeptical little kid flash forward now to december of when i found myself smack in the middle of the physics world being flipped on its head it all started when we at cern saw something intriguing in our data a hint of a new particle an inkling of a possibly extraordinary answer to this question
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so i'm still a skeptical little kid i think but i'm also now a particle hunter i am a physicist at large collider the largest science experiment ever mounted it's a tunnel on the border of france and switzerland buried meters underground and in this tunnel we use superconducting magnets colder than outer space to accelerate protons to almost the speed of light and slam them into each other millions of times per second collecting the debris of these collisions to search for new undiscovered fundamental particles its design and construction took decades of work by thousands of physicists from around the globe and in the summer of we had been working tirelessly to switch on the at the highest energy that humans have ever used in a collider experiment now higher energy is important because for particles there is an equivalence between energy and particle mass and mass is just a number put there by nature to discover new particles we need to reach these bigger numbers
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they're very expensive events where only two photons hit out detector are very rare and because of the special quantum properties of photons there's a very small number of possible new particles these mythical bicycles that can give birth to only two photons but one of these options is huge and it has to do with that long standing question that bothered me as a tiny little kid about gravity gravity may seem super strong to you but it's actually crazily weak compared to the other forces of nature
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particle physicists are explorers and very much of what we do is let me put it this way forget about the for a second imagine you are a space explorer arriving at a distant planet searching for aliens what is your first task to immediately orbit the planet land take a quick look around for any big obvious signs of life and report back to home base that's the stage we're at now we took a first look at the for any new big obvious particles and we can report that there are none we saw a weird looking alien bump on a distant mountain but once we got closer we saw it was a rock
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what if the ultimate question what if even artificial intelligence can't help us answer our questions what if these open questions for centuries are destined to be unanswered for the foreseeable future what if the stuff that's bothered me since i was a little kid is destined to be unanswered in my lifetime then that will be even more fascinating we will be forced to think in completely new ways we'll have to go back to our assumptions and determine if there was a flaw somewhere and we'll need to encourage more people to join us in studying science since we need fresh eyes on these century old problems i don't have the answers and i'm still searching for them but someone maybe she's in school right now maybe she's not even born yet could eventually guide us to see physics in a completely new way and to point out that perhaps we're just asking the wrong questions
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okay so how would i like to finish well what should our attitude be towards this world that we see very rapidly developing before us i think there will be good things about it and there will be bad things about it but i want to argue above all a big picture positive for this world for years the world was essentially governed by a fragment of the human population that's what europe and north america represented the arrival of countries like china and india between them percent of the world's population and others like indonesia and brazil and so on represent the most important single act of democratization in the last years civilizations and cultures which had been ignored which had no voice which were not listened to which were not known about will have a different sort of representation in this world as humanists we must welcome surely this transformation and we will have to learn about these civilizations this big ship here was the one sailed in by zheng he in the early century on his great voyages around the south china sea the east china sea and across the indian ocean to east africa the little boat in front of it was the one in which years later christopher columbus crossed the atlantic
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you take the profit from that to buy more ads and it goes around and around and around the same way that the military industrial complex worked a long time ago that model of and we heard it yesterday if we could only get onto the of if we could only figure out how to get promoted there or grab that person by the throat and tell them about what we want to do if we did that then everyone would pay attention and we would win well this tv industrial complex informed my entire childhood and probably yours i mean all of these products succeeded because someone figured out how to touch people in a way they weren't expecting in a way they didn't necessarily want with an ad over and over again until they bought it and the thing that's happened is they canceled the tv industrial complex that just over the last few years what anybody who markets anything has discovered is that it's not working the way that it used to this picture is really fuzzy i apologize i had a bad cold when i took it
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articles about water ads about water imagine what the world was like years ago with just the saturday evening post and time and newsweek now there are magazines about water new product from coke japan water salad
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this is copernicus and he was right when he was talking to anyone who needs to hear your idea the world revolves around me me me me me my favorite person me i don't want to get email from anybody i want to get
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and i don't just mean people who buy stuff at the safeway i mean people at the defense department who might buy something or people at you know the new yorker who might print your article consumers don't care about you at all they just don't care part of the reason is they've got way more choices than they used to and way less time and in a world where we have too many choices and too little time the obvious thing to do is just ignore stuff and my parable here is you're driving down the road and you see a cow and you keep driving because you've seen cows before cows are invisible cows are boring who's going to stop and pull over and say oh look a cow nobody
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isn't that a great special effect i could do that again if you want if the cow was purple you'd notice it for a while i mean if all cows were purple you'd get bored with those too the thing that's going to decide what gets talked about what gets done what gets changed what gets purchased what gets built is is it remarkable and remarkable is a really cool word because we think it just means neat but it also means worth making a remark about and that is the essence of where idea diffusion is going that two of the hottest cars in the united states is a giant car big enough to hold a mini in its trunk people are paying full price for both and the only thing they have in common is that they don't have anything in common
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there's a hot sauce but there's no mustard that's why there's lots and lots of kinds of hot sauces and not so many kinds of mustard not because it's hard to make interesting mustard you could make interesting mustard but people don't because no one's obsessed with it and thus no one tells their friends has figured this whole thing out it has a strategy and what they do is they enter a city they talk to the people with the and then they spread through the city to the people who've just crossed the street this yoyo right here cost dollars but it sleeps for minutes not everybody wants it but they don't care they want to talk to the people who do and maybe it'll spread these guys make the loudest car stereo in the world
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they didn't get this way by advertising a lot they got this way by being remarkable sometimes a little too remarkable and this picture frame has a cord going out the back and you plug it into the wall my father has this on his desk and he sees his grandchildren everyday changing constantly and every single person who walks into his office hears the whole story of how this thing ended up on his desk and one person at a time the idea spreads these are not diamonds not really they're made from after you're cremated you can have yourself made into a gem
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my three stories silk put a product that does not need to be in the refrigerated section next to the milk in the refrigerated section sales tripled why milk milk milk milk milk not milk for the people who were there and looking at that section it was remarkable they didn't triple their sales with advertising they tripled it by doing something remarkable that is a remarkable piece of art you don't have to like it but a tall dog made out of bushes in the middle of new york city is remarkable
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i'm going to give you four specific examples i'm going to cover at the end about how a company called silk tripled their sales how an artist named jeff koons went from being a nobody to making a whole bunch of money and having a lot of impact to how frank gehry redefined what it meant to be an architect and one of my biggest failures as a marketer in the last few years a record label i started that had a cd called sauce before i can do that i've got to tell you about sliced bread and a guy named otto rohwedder now before sliced bread was invented in the i wonder what they said like the greatest invention since the telegraph or something but this guy named otto rohwedder invented sliced bread and he focused like most inventors did on the patent part and the making part
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now before sliced bread was invented in the i wonder what they said like the greatest invention since the telegraph or something but this guy named otto rohwedder invented sliced bread and he focused like most inventors did on the patent part and the making part and the thing about the invention of sliced bread is this that for the first years after sliced bread was available no one bought it no one knew about it it was a complete and total failure and the reason is that until wonder came along and figured out how to spread the idea of sliced bread no one wanted it that the success of sliced bread like the success of almost everything we've talked about at this conference is not always about what the patent is like or what the factory is like it's about can you get your idea to spread or not and i think that the way you're going to get what you want or cause the change that you want to change to happen is to figure out a way to get your ideas to spread and it doesn't matter to me whether you're running a coffee shop or you're an intellectual or you're in business or you're flying hot air balloons i think that all this stuff applies to everybody regardless of what we do that what we are living in is a century of idea diffusion
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i think that all this stuff applies to everybody regardless of what we do that what we are living in is a century of idea diffusion that people who can spread ideas regardless of what those ideas are win when i talk about it i usually pick business because they make the best pictures that you can put in your presentation and because it's the easiest sort of way to keep score but i want you to forgive me when i use these examples because i'm talking about anything that you decide to spend your time to do at the heart of spreading ideas is tv and stuff like tv tv and mass media made it really easy to spread ideas in a certain way i call it the tv industrial complex the way the tv industrial complex works is you buy some ads interrupt some people that gets you distribution
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every week the number one best selling in america changes it's never the godfather it's never citizen kane it's always some third rate movie with some second rate star but the reason it's number one is because that's the week it came out because it's new because it's fresh people saw it and said i didn't know that was there and they noticed it two of the big success stories of the last years in retail one sells things that are super expensive in a blue box and one sells things that are as cheap as they can make them
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we're now in the fashion business no matter what we do for a living we're in the fashion business and people in the fashion business know what it's like to be in the fashion business they're used to it the rest of us have to figure out how to think that way how to understand that it's not about interrupting people with big full page ads or insisting on meetings with people but it's a totally different sort of process that determines which ideas spread and which ones don't they sold a billion dollars' worth of chairs by reinventing what it meant to sell a chair
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but it's a totally different sort of process that determines which ideas spread and which ones don't they sold a billion dollars' worth of chairs by reinventing what it meant to sell a chair they turned a chair from something the department bought to something that was a status symbol about where you sat at work this guy lionel the most famous baker in the world he died two and a half months ago and he was a hero of mine and a dear friend he lived in paris last year he sold million dollars' worth of french bread every loaf baked in a bakery he owned by one baker at a time in a wood fired oven and when lionel started his bakery the french pooh it they didn't want to buy his bread
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that's what mass marketing is smooth out the edges go for the center that's the big market they would ignore the geeks and god forbid the laggards it was all about going for the center but in a world where the tv industrial complex is broken i don't think that's a strategy we want to use any more i think the strategy we want to use is to not market to these people because they're really good at ignoring you but market to these people because they care these are the people who are obsessed with something and when you talk to them they'll listen because they like listening it's about them
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these are the people who are obsessed with something and when you talk to them they'll listen because they like listening it's about them and if you're lucky they'll tell their friends on the rest of the curve and it'll spread it'll spread to the entire curve they have something i call it's a great japanese word it describes the desire of someone who's obsessed to say drive across tokyo to try a new noodle place because that's what they do they get obsessed with it to make a product to market an idea to come up with any problem you want to solve that doesn't have a constituency with an is almost impossible instead you have to find a group that really desperately cares about what it is you have to say talk to them and make it easy for them to tell their friends
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but you don't have to be ozzie osborne you don't have to be super outrageous to do this what you have to do is figure out what people really want and give it to them a couple of quick rules to wrap up the first one is design is free when you get to scale the people who come up with stuff that's remarkable more often than not figure out how to put design to work for them
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quick rules to wrap up the first one is design is free when you get to scale the people who come up with stuff that's remarkable more often than not figure out how to put design to work for them number two the riskiest thing you can do now is be safe proctor and gamble knows this right the whole model of being proctor and gamble is always about average products for average people that's risky the safe thing to do now is to be at the fringes be remarkable and being very good is one of the worst things you can possibly do very good is boring
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and one of the ways we can come across as an expert is by tapping into our passion i want everyone in the next few days to go up to friend of theirs and just say to them i want you to describe a passion of yours to me i've had people do this all over the world and i asked them what did you notice about the other person when they described their passion and the answers are always the same their eyes lit up and got big they smiled a big beaming smile they used their hands all over i had to duck because their hands were coming at me they talk quickly with a little higher pitch
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is hard to do i understood the true meaning of this phrase exactly one month ago when my wife and i became new parents it was an amazing moment it was exhilarating and elating but it was also scary and terrifying and it got particularly terrifying when we got home from the hospital and we were unsure whether our little baby boy was getting enough nutrients from breastfeeding and we wanted to call our pediatrician but we also didn't want to make a bad first impression or come across as a crazy neurotic parent
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well studied sound are echolocation clicks this is the sonar and they use these clicks to hunt and feed but they can also tightly pack these clicks together into buzzes and use them socially for example males will stimulate a female during a courtship chase you know i've been buzzed in the water
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it's a secret and you can really feel the sound that was my point with that
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we know a few things we know that their brain ratio which is a physical measure of intelligence is second only to humans they can understand artificially created languages and they pass self awareness tests in mirrors and in some parts of the world they use tools like sponges to hunt fish but there's one big question left do they have a language and if so what are they talking about so decades ago not years ago i set out to find a place in the world where i could observe dolphins underwater to try to crack the code of their communication system now in most parts of the world the water's pretty murky so it's very hard to observe animals underwater but i found a community of dolphins that live in these beautiful clear shallow of the bahamas which are just east of florida and they spend their daytime resting and socializing in the safety of the but at night they go off the edge and hunt in deep water now it's not a bad place to be a researcher either
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and he was saying you know just after i'd done the biko song we're going to do a tour for amnesty you have to be on it and really that was the first time that i'd been out and started meeting people who'd watched their family being shot in front of them who'd had a partner thrown out of an airplane into an ocean and suddenly this world of human rights arrived in my world and i couldn't really walk away in quite the same way as before so i got involved with this tour which was for amnesty and then in i took over job trying to learn how to hustle i didn't do it as well but we managed to get n'dour sting tracy chapman and bruce springsteen to go the world for amnesty and it was an amazing experience and once again i got an extraordinary education and it was the first time really that i'd met a lot of these people in the different countries and these human rights stories became very physical and again i couldn't really walk away quite so comfortably but the thing that really amazed me that i had no idea was that you could suffer in this way and then have your whole experience your story denied buried and forgotten and it seemed that whenever there was a camera around or a video or film camera it was a great deal harder to do for those in power to bury the story
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as an altar boy i breathed in a lot of incense and i learned to say phrases in latin but i also had time to think about whether my mother's top down morality applied to everybody i saw that people who were religious and non religious were equally obsessed with morality i thought maybe there's some earthly basis for moral decisions but i wanted to go further than to say our brains make us moral i want to know if there's a chemistry of morality i want to know if there was a moral molecule after years of experiments i found it would you like to see it i brought some with me this little syringe contains the moral molecule
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who are these people who manipulate our oxytocin systems we found testing thousands of individuals that five percent of the population don't release oxytocin on stimulus so if you trust them their brains don't release oxytocin if there's money on the table they keep it all so there's a technical word for these people in my lab we call them bastards
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one is through improper nurturing so we've studied sexually abused women and about half those don't release oxytocin on stimulus you need enough nurturing for this system to develop properly also high stress inhibits oxytocin so we all know this when we're really stressed out we're not acting our best there's another way oxytocin is inhibited which is interesting through the action of testosterone so we in experiments have administered testosterone to men and instead of sharing money they become selfish but interestingly high testosterone males are also more likely to use their own money to punish others for being selfish
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so you may be wondering these are beautiful laboratory experiments do they really apply to real life yeah i've been worrying about that too so i've gone out of the lab to see if this really holds in our daily lives so last summer i attended a wedding in southern england people in this beautiful victorian mansion i didn't know a single person and i drove up in my rented vauxhall and i took out a centrifuge and dry ice and needles and tubes and i took blood from the bride and the groom and the wedding party and the family and the friends before and immediately after the vows
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oxytocin connects us to other people oxytocin makes us feel what other people feel and it's so easy to cause people's brains to release oxytocin i know how to do it and my favorite way to do it is in fact the easiest let me show it to you come here give me a hug
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love i'm happy to share a little more love in the world it's great but here's your prescription from dr love eight hugs a day we have found that people who release more oxytocin are happier and they're happier because they have better relationships of all types dr love says eight hugs a day eight hugs a day you'll be happier and the world will be a better place of course if you don't like to touch people i can always shove this up your nose
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is there anything unique about human beings there is we're the only creatures with fully developed moral sentiments we're obsessed with morality as social creatures we need to know why people are doing what they're doing and i personally am obsessed with morality
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in rodents it was known to make mothers care for their offspring and in some creatures allowed for toleration of but in humans it was only known to facilitate birth and breastfeeding in women and is released by both sexes during sex so i had this idea that oxytocin might be the moral molecule i did what most of us do i tried it on some colleagues one of them told me paul that is the world's idea
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i did what most of us do i tried it on some colleagues one of them told me paul that is the world's idea it is he said only a female molecule it can't be that important but i countered well men's brains make this too there must be a reason why but he was right it was a stupid idea but it was stupid in other words i thought i could design an experiment to see if oxytocin made people moral
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turns out it wasn't so easy first of all oxytocin is a shy molecule baseline levels are near zero without some stimulus to cause its release and when it's produced it has a three minute half life and degrades rapidly at room temperature so this experiment would have to cause a surge of oxytocin have to grab it fast and keep it cold i think i can do that now luckily oxytocin is produced both in the brain and in the blood so i could do this experiment without learning neurosurgery
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taking on morality with a capital m is a huge project so i started smaller i studied one single virtue trustworthiness why i had shown in the early that countries with a higher proportion of trustworthy people are more prosperous so in these countries more economic transactions occur and more wealth is created alleviating poverty
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i studied one single virtue trustworthiness why i had shown in the early that countries with a higher proportion of trustworthy people are more prosperous so in these countries more economic transactions occur and more wealth is created alleviating poverty so poor countries are by and large low trust countries so if i understood the chemistry of trustworthiness i might help alleviate poverty but i'm also a skeptic i don't want to just ask people are you trustworthy so instead i use the jerry maguire approach to research if you're so virtuous show me the money so what we do in my lab is we tempt people with virtue and vice by using money
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am going to talk about myself which i rarely do because i well for one thing i prefer to talk about things i know nothing about and secondly i'm a recovering
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i thought narcissism meant you loved yourself and then someone told me there is a flip side to it so it's actually than self love it's unrequited self love
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or this ad that i read in the new york times wearing a fine watch speaks loudly of your rank in society buying it from us screams good taste
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that i talk about science when i don't know math you know because and by the way to i was so grateful to dean kamen for pointing out that one of the reasons that there are cultural reasons that women and minorities don't enter the fields of science and technology because for instance the reason i don't do math is i was taught to do math and read at the same time so you're six years old you're reading snow white and the seven dwarves and it becomes rapidly obvious that there are only two kinds of men in the world dwarves and prince and the odds are seven to one against your finding the prince
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newtonian science like rationality you're supposed to be rational in an argument well rationality is constructed by what christie hefner was talking about today that mind body split you know the head is good body bad head is ego body id when we say i as when rene descartes said i think therefore i am we mean the head and as david lee roth sang in just a i ain't got no body that's how you get rationality
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i was thinking about what moshe safdie said yesterday about beauty because in his book hyde says that sometimes trickster can tip over into beauty but to do that you have to lose all the other qualities because once you're into beauty you're into a finished thing you're into something that occupies space and inhabits time it's an actual thing and it is always extraordinary to see a thing of beauty but if you don't do that if you allow for the accident to keep on happening you have the possibility of getting on a wavelength i like to think of what i do as a probability wave
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what happens on wall street no longer stays on wall street what happens in vegas ends up on
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loyalties are fickle management teams seem increasingly disconnected from their staff
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however in the same survey only four percent of employees agreed companies are losing control of their customers and their employees but are they really i'm a marketer and as a marketer i know that i've never really been in control your brand is what other people say about you when you're not in the room the saying goes and transparency allow companies to be in that room now
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i'm a marketer and as a marketer i know that i've never really been in control your brand is what other people say about you when you're not in the room the saying goes and transparency allow companies to be in that room now they can listen and join the conversation in fact they have more control over the loss of control than ever before they can design for it but how first of all they can give employees and customers more control they can collaborate with them on the creation of ideas knowledge content designs and product they can give them more control over pricing which is what the band did with its pay like online release of its album in rainbows
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if you assign a different parameter to each finger as you play the piano such as facial expression body movement speed hand shape and so on as you play the piano english is a linear language as if one key is being pressed at a time however is more like a chord all fingers need to come down simultaneously to express a clear concept or idea in if just one of those keys were to change the chord it would create a completely different meaning the same applies to music in regards to pitch tone and volume in by playing around with these different grammatical parameters you can express different ideas for example take the sign to this is the sign to i'm looking at you staring at you
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if i was to repeat it and slow it down visually it looks like a piece of music all day i feel the same holds true for all night all night this is all night represented in this drawing and this led me to thinking about three different kinds of nights last night overnight all night long
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this represents how time is expressed in and how the distance from your body can express the changes in time for example is one hand is two hand present tense happens closest and in front of the body future is in front of the body and the past is to your back so the first example is a long time ago then past used to and the last one which is my favorite with the very romantic and dramatic notion to it once upon a time
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i'm now going to demonstrate a hand shape called the flash claw can you please follow along with me everybody hands up now we're going to do it in both the head and the chest kind of like common time or at the same time yes got it that means to fall in love in international sign
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now the third please follow along again and again this is enlightenment in so let's do all three together fall in love colonization and enlightenment good job everyone
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so it has a history of about years i was born deaf and i was taught to believe that sound wasn't a part of my life and i believed it to be true yet i realize now that that wasn't the case at all
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maybe i think about sound etiquette more than the average hearing person does i'm hyper vigilant around sound and i'm always waiting in eager nervous anticipation around sound about what's to come next hence this drawing
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i actually know sound i know it so well that it doesn't have to be something just experienced through the ears it could be felt or experienced as a visual or even as an idea so i decided to reclaim ownership of sound and to put it into my art practice
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there's a massive culture around spoken language and just because i don't use my literal voice to communicate in society's eyes it's as if i don't have a voice at all so i need to work with individuals who can support me as an equal and become my voice and that way i'm able to maintain relevancy in society today so at school at work and institutions i work with many different interpreters and their voice becomes my voice and identity they help me to be heard
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and their voice becomes my voice and identity they help me to be heard and their voices hold value and currency ironically by borrowing out their voices i'm able to maintain a temporary form of currency kind of like taking out a loan with a very high interest rate if i didn't continue this practice i feel that i could just fade off into oblivion and not maintain any form of social currency so with sound as my new art medium i delved into the world of music and i was surprised to see the similarities between music and for example a musical note cannot be fully captured and expressed on paper and the same holds true for a concept in
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with simplified spelling we would normalize etymology in the same place we do now in etymological dictionaries a second objection will come from those who say if we simplify spelling we'll stop distinguishing between words that differ in just one letter that is true but it's not a problem our language has words with more than one meaning yet we don't confuse the banco where we sit with the banco where we deposit money or the that we wear with the things we in the vast majority of situations context dispels any confusion but there's a third objection to me it's the most understandable even the most moving it's the people who'll say i don't want to change i was brought up like this i got used to doing it this way when i read a written word in simplified spelling my eyes hurt
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we lost a lot of time at school learning spelling kids are still losing a lot of time at school with spelling that's why i want to share a question with you do we need new spelling rules i believe that yes we do or even better i think we need to simplify the ones we already have neither the question nor the answer are new in the spanish language
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to give you a chance to think about your own style we all have moments of giving and taking your style is how you treat most of the people most of the time your default i have a short test you can take to figure out if you're more of a giver or a taker and you can take it right now the test step take a moment to think about yourself
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so just out of curiosity how many of you self identify more as givers than takers or raise your hands ok it would have been more before we talked about these data but actually it turns out there's a twist here because givers are often sacrificing themselves but they make their organizations better we have a huge body of evidence many many studies looking at the frequency of giving behavior that exists in a team or an organization and the more often people are helping and sharing their knowledge and providing mentoring the better organizations do on every metric we can measure higher profits customer satisfaction employee retention even lower operating expenses so givers spend a lot of time trying to help other people and improve the team and then unfortunately they suffer along the way
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his name is adam rifkin he's a very successful serial entrepreneur who spends a huge amount of his time helping other people and his secret weapon is the five minute favor adam said you don't have to be mother teresa or gandhi to be a giver you just have to find small ways to add large value to other people's lives that could be as simple as making an introduction between two people who could benefit from knowing each other
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what you see with successful givers is they recognize that it's ok to be a receiver too if you run an organization we can actually make this easier we can make it easier for people to ask for help a couple colleagues and i studied hospitals we found that on certain floors nurses did a lot of help seeking and on other floors they did very little of it the factor that stood out on the floors where help seeking was common where it was the norm was there was just one nurse whose sole job it was to help other nurses on the unit
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there was really only one book about how to raise your children and it was written by dr spock
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crisis might seem like a strong word but there is data suggesting it probably isn't there was in fact a paper of just this very name parenthood as crisis published in and in the years since there has been plenty of scholarship documenting a pretty clear pattern of parental anguish parents experience more stress than non parents their marital satisfaction is lower there have been a number of studies looking at how parents feel when they are spending time with their kids and the answer often is not so great last year i spoke with a researcher named matthew killingsworth who is doing a very very imaginative project that tracks people's happiness and here is what he told me he found interacting with your friends is better than interacting with your spouse which is better than interacting with other relatives which is better than interacting with acquaintances which is better than interacting with parents which is better than interacting with children who are on par with strangers
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find a guy at home and odds are he is doing just one thing at a time in fact recently did a study looking at the most common configuration of family members in middle class homes guess what it was dad in a room by himself according to the american time use survey mothers still do twice as much childcare as fathers which is better than it was in erma day but i still think that something she wrote is highly relevant i have not been alone in the bathroom since october
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when asked about this by the new york times a producer for the show gave a variety of explanations one was that cookie monster smoked a pipe in one skit and then swallowed it bad modeling i don't know but the thing that stuck with me is she said that she didn't know whether oscar the grouch could be invented today because he was too depressive i cannot tell you how much this distresses me
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and it is amazing the variety that one finds on those shelves there are guides to raising an eco friendly kid a gluten free kid a disease proof kid which if you ask me is a little bit creepy there are guides to raising a bilingual kid even if you only speak one language at home there are guides to raising a financially savvy kid and a science minded kid and a kid who is a whiz at yoga short of teaching your toddler how to defuse a nuclear bomb there is pretty much a guide to everything all of these books are well intentioned i am sure that many of them are great but taken together i am sorry i do not see help when i look at that shelf i see anxiety
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but here's the thing i have been looking at what underlies these data for three years and children are not the problem something about parenting right now at this moment is the problem specifically i don't think we know what parenting is supposed to be parent as a verb only entered common usage in our roles as mothers and fathers have changed
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something about parenting right now at this moment is the problem specifically i don't think we know what parenting is supposed to be parent as a verb only entered common usage in our roles as mothers and fathers have changed the roles of our children have changed we are all now furiously improvising our way through a situation for which there is no script and if you're an amazing jazz musician then improv is great but for the rest of us it can kind of feel like a crisis so how did we get here how is it that we are all now navigating a child rearing universe without any norms to guide us well for starters there has been a major historical change until fairly recently kids worked on our farms primarily but also in factories mills mines kids were considered economic assets
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once kids stopped working the economics of parenting changed kids became in the words of one brilliant if totally ruthless sociologist economically worthless but emotionally priceless rather than them working for us we began to work for them because within only a matter of decades it became clear if we wanted our kids to succeed school was not enough today extracurricular activities are a kid's new work but that's work for us too because we are the ones driving them to soccer practice massive piles of homework are a kid's new work but that's also work for us because we have to check it about three years ago a texas woman told something to me that totally broke my heart she said almost casually homework is the new dinner the middle class now pours all of its time and energy and resources into its kids even though the middle class has less and less of those things to give
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you may be wondering why a marine biologist from would come here today to talk to you about world hunger i'm here today because saving the oceans is more than an ecological desire it's more than a thing we're doing because we want to create jobs for fishermen or preserve jobs it's more than an economic pursuit saving the oceans can feed the world let me show you how
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well swimming across the north pole it's not an ordinary thing to do i mean just to put it in perspective degrees is the temperature of a normal indoor swimming pool this morning the temperature of the english channel was degrees the passengers who fell off the titanic fell into water of just five degrees centigrade fresh water freezes at zero and the water at the north pole is minus it's fucking freezing
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and one of the stories he told me so often when i was a young boy was of the first british atomic bomb test he had been there and watched it go off
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and then the second behavior is if i tap the leaf the entire branch seems to fall down so why does it do that it's not really known to science one of the reasons why could be that it scares away insects or it looks less appealing to but how does it do that now that's interesting we can do an experiment to find out so what we're going to do now just like i recorded the electrical potential from my body we're going to record the electrical potential from this plant this mimosa and so what we're going to do is i've got a wire wrapped around the stem and i've got the ground electrode where in the ground it's an electrical engineering joke alright
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i'm a neuroscientist and i'm the co founder of backyard brains and our mission is to train the next generation of by taking graduate level neuroscience research equipment and making it available for kids in middle schools and high schools and so when we go into the classroom one way to get them thinking about the brain which is very complex is to ask them a very simple question about neuroscience and that is what has a brain when we ask that students will instantly tell you that their cat or dog has a brain and most will say that a mouse or even a small insect has a brain but almost nobody says that a plant or a tree or a shrub has a brain and so when you push because this could actually help describe a little bit how the brain actually functions so you push and say well what is it that makes living things have brains versus not and often they'll come back with the classification that things that move tend to have brains and that's absolutely correct
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i'm a garbage man and you might find it interesting that i became a garbage man because i absolutely hate waste i hope within the next minutes to change the way you think about a lot of the stuff in your life and i'd like to start at the very beginning think back when you were just a kid how did look at the stuff in your life perhaps it was like these toddler rules it's my stuff if i saw it first the entire pile is my stuff if i'm building something the more stuff that's mine the better and of course it's your stuff if it's broken
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when i think about dreams like many of you i think about this picture i was eight when i watched neil armstrong step off the lunar module onto the surface of the moon i had never seen anything like it before and i've never seen anything like it since we got to the moon for one simple reason john kennedy committed us to a deadline and in the absence of that deadline we would still be dreaming about it leonard bernstein said two things are necessary for great achievement a plan and not quite enough time
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celebrating america's gay and lesbian citizens' right to marry it is a picture that in my wildest dreams i could never have imagined when i was and figuring out that i was gay and feeling estranged from my country and my dreams because of it i think about this picture of my family that i never dreamed i could ever have and of our children holding this headline i never dreamed could ever be printed about the supreme court ruling we need more of the courage of drag queens and astronauts
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you can go to the moon or you can have stability in your family life and we can't conceive of dreaming in both dimensions at the same time and we don't set the bar much higher than stability when it comes to our emotional life which is why our technology for talking to one another has gone vertical our ability to listen and understand one another has gone nowhere our access to information is through the roof our access to joy grounded but this idea that our present and our future are mutually exclusive that to fulfill our potential for doing we have to surrender our profound potential for being that the number of transistors on a circuit can be doubled and doubled but our capacity for compassion and humanity and serenity and love is somehow limited is a false and suffocating choice now i'm not suggesting simply the uninspiring idea of more work life balance what good is it for me to spend more time with my kids at home if my mind is always somewhere else while i'm doing it i'm not even talking about is all of a sudden becoming a tool for improving productivity
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