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wish i'd let myself be happier well here i can't help but think of the groundbreaking clinical trials recently conducted at east carolina university that showed that online games can outperform pharmaceuticals for treating clinical anxiety and depression just minutes of online game play a day was enough to create dramatic boosts in mood and long term increases in happiness i wish i'd had the courage to express my true self well are a way to express our true selves our most heroic idealized version of who we might become you can see that in this alter ego portrait by robbie cooper of a gamer with his and stanford university has been doing research for five years now to document how playing a game with an idealized changes how we think and act in real life making us more courageous more ambitious more committed to our goals
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and push david gallo says push yourself physically mentally you've got to push push push you've got to push through shyness and self doubt goldie hawn says i always had self doubts i wasn't good enough i wasn't smart enough i didn't think i'd make it now it's not always easy to push yourself and that's why they invented mothers
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so i get off the plane and i come to ted and i think jeez i'm in the middle of a room of successful people so why don't i ask them what helped them succeed and pass it on to kids so here we are seven years interviews later and i'm going to tell you what really leads to success and makes tick and the first thing is passion freeman thomas says i'm driven by my passion do it for love they don't do it for money
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alex garden says to be successful put your nose down in something and get damn good at it there's no magic it's practice practice practice and it's focus norman said to me i think it all has to do with focusing yourself on one thing
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there's a trend that we noticed in these numbers so let's look at the first metric here survival now this has been a huge problem for many years basically since the late when the mite came and brought many different viruses bacteria and fungal diseases with it success is hard and that's when most of the colonies are lost and we found that in the cities bees are surviving better than they are in the country a bit right we think oh bees countryside agriculture but that's not what the bees are showing the bees like it in the city
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they don't experience this the bees just aren't around anymore so we need bees and they're disappearing and it's a big problem what can we do here so what i do is honeybee research i got my ph d studying honeybee health i started in studying honeybees in honeybees started disappearing so suddenly like this little nerd kid going to school working with bugs became very relevant in the world
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also have a classroom hives project where this is a nonprofit venture we're spreading the word around the world for how honeybee hives can be taken into the classroom or into the museum setting behind glass and used as an educational tool this hive that you see here has been in fenway high school for many years now the bees fly right into the outfield of fenway park nobody notices it if you're not a flower these bees do not care about you
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they don't they'll say me flying around
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that's a big problem because what's going to pollinate all of the gardens and the produce locally hands i mean locally in boston there is a terrific company called green city growers and they are going and their squash crops by hand with q tips and if they miss that three day window there's no fruit their clients aren't happy and people go hungry so this is important we have also some images of honey from brooklyn now this was a mystery in the new york times where the honey was very red and the new york state forensics department came in and they actually did some science to match the red dye with that found in a maraschino cherry factory down the street
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i would like to encourage you to open your mind what can you do to save the bees or to help them or to think of sustainable cities in the future well really just change your perspective try to understand that bees are very important a bee isn't going to sting you if you see it the bee dies honeybees die when they sting so they don't want to do it either
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notice that this man is not getting stung he probably has a queen bee tied to his chin and the other bees are attracted to it
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so honeybees are important for their role in the economy as well as in agriculture here you can see some pictures of what are called green roofs or urban agriculture we're familiar with the image on the left that shows a local neighborhood garden in the south end that's where i call home i have a beehive in the backyard and perhaps a green roof in the future when we're further utilizing urban areas where there are stacks of garden spaces check out this image above the orange line in boston try to spot the beehive
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this image above the orange line in boston try to spot the beehive it's there it's on the rooftop right on the corner there and it's been there for a couple of years now the way that urban currently operates is that the are quite hidden and it's not because they need to be it's just because people are uncomfortable with the idea and that's why i want you today to try to think about this think about the benefits of bees in cities and why they really are a terrific thing let me give you a brief rundown on how pollination works so we know flowers we know fruits and vegetables even some alfalfa in hay that the livestock for the meats that we eat rely on but you've got male and female parts to a plant here and basically are attracted to plants for their nectar and in the process a bee will visit some flowers and pick up some pollen or that male kind of sperm counterpart along the way and then travel to different flowers and eventually an apple in this case will be produced you can see the orientation
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me give you a brief rundown on how pollination works so we know flowers we know fruits and vegetables even some alfalfa in hay that the livestock for the meats that we eat rely on but you've got male and female parts to a plant here and basically are attracted to plants for their nectar and in the process a bee will visit some flowers and pick up some pollen or that male kind of sperm counterpart along the way and then travel to different flowers and eventually an apple in this case will be produced you can see the orientation the stem is down the blossom end has fallen off by the time we eat it but that's a basic overview of how pollination works and let's think about urban living not today and not in the past but what about in a hundred years what's it gonna look like we have huge grand challenges these days of habitat loss we have more and more people billions of people in years god knows how many people and how little space there will be to fit all of them so we need to change the way that we see cities and looking at this picture on the left of new york city today you can see how gray and brown it is we have tar paper on the rooftops that bounces heat back into the atmosphere contributing to global climate change no doubt
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again a bit and looking back historically at the timeline of honeybee health we can go back to the year and see that there was also a great mortality of bees in ireland
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looking back historically at the timeline of honeybee health we can go back to the year and see that there was also a great mortality of bees in ireland so the problems of bees today isn't necessarily something new it has been happening since over a thousand years ago but what we don't really notice are these problems in cities so one thing i want to encourage you to think about is the idea of what an urban island is you think in the city maybe the warmer why are bees doing better in the city this is a big question now to help us understand why they should be in the city perhaps there's more pollen in the city
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now the mite is what changed the game in and you can see at the top right the years are changing we're coming up to modern times and you can see the spread of the mite from the early through now it's and we're pretty much covering asia we saw it spread to europe and south america and then when we get to the and specifically to the mite finally came to north america and to the united states and that is when the game changed for honeybees in the united states many of us will remember our childhood growing up maybe you got stung by a bee you saw bees on flowers think of the kids today their a bit different they don't experience this
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gero is a brilliant but slightly mad scientist in the z android saga if you look very carefully you see that his skull has been replaced with a transparent plexiglas dome so that the workings of his brain can be observed and also controlled with light that's exactly what i do optical mind control
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you're familiar with these cells because they are the ones that frustrate you when you try to swat the fly they trained the escape reflex that makes the fly jump into the air and fly away whenever you move your hand in position and you can see here that the flash of light has exactly the same effect the animal jumps it spreads its wings it vibrates them but it can't actually take off because the fly is sandwiched between two glass plates now to make sure that this was no reaction of the fly to a flash it could see susana did a simple but brutally effective experiment she cut the heads off of her flies these headless bodies can live for about a day but they don't do much they just stand around and groom excessively so it seems that the only trait that survives decapitation is vanity
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each chamber in these two vertical stacks contains one fly the left and the right halves of the chamber are filled with two different odors and a security camera watches as the flies pace up and down between them here's some such footage whenever a fly reaches the midpoint of the chamber where the two odor streams meet it has to make a decision it has to decide whether to turn around and stay in the same odor or whether to cross the midline and try something new these decisions are clearly a reflection of the actor's policy now for an intelligent being like our fly this policy is not written in stone but rather changes as the animal learns from experience we can incorporate such an element of adaptive intelligence into our model by assuming that the brain contains not only an actor but a different group of cells a critic that provides a running commentary on the actor's choices you can think of this nagging inner voice as sort of the brain's equivalent of the catholic church if you're an austrian like me or the super ego if you're freudian or your mother if you're jewish
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my motives are not sinister i control the brain in order to understand how it works now wait a minute you may say how can you go straight to controlling the brain without understanding it first isn't that putting the cart before the horse many agree with this view and think that understanding will come from more detailed observation and analysis they say if we could record the activity of our neurons we would understand the brain
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now wait a minute you may say how can you go straight to controlling the brain without understanding it first isn't that putting the cart before the horse many agree with this view and think that understanding will come from more detailed observation and analysis they say if we could record the activity of our neurons we would understand the brain but think for a moment what that means even if we could measure what every cell is doing at all times we would still have to make sense of the recorded activity patterns and that's so difficult chances are we'll understand these patterns just as little as the brains that produce them take a look at what brain activity might look like in this simulation each black dot is one nerve cell the dot is visible whenever a cell fires an electrical impulse there's neurons here so you're looking at roughly one percent of the brain of a cockroach
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the dot is visible whenever a cell fires an electrical impulse there's neurons here so you're looking at roughly one percent of the brain of a cockroach your brains are about million times more complicated somewhere in a pattern like this is you your perceptions your emotions your memories your plans for the future but we don't know where since we don't know how to read the pattern we don't understand the code used by the brain to make progress we need to break the code but how an experienced code breaker will tell you that in order to figure out what the symbols in a code mean it's essential to be able to play with them to rearrange them at will
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in your life now where you're actually investing though at the other end of the supply chain you're actually boosting mathematics across america this is your wife marilyn you're working on philanthropic issues together tell me about that well marilyn started there she is up there my beautiful wife she started the foundation about years ago i think i claim it was she says it was but it was one of those two years
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you were something of a mathematical phenom you had already taught at harvard and mit at a young age and then the came calling what was that about well the that's the national security agency they didn't exactly come calling they had an operation at princeton where they hired mathematicians to attack secret codes and stuff like that
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the that's the national security agency they didn't exactly come calling they had an operation at princeton where they hired mathematicians to attack secret codes and stuff like that and i knew that existed and they had a very good policy because you could do half your time at your own mathematics and at least half your time working on their stuff and they paid a lot so that was an irresistible pull so i went there you were a code cracker i was
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i'm also rather surprised because when i look back on my life the last thing i ever wanted to do was write or be in any way involved in religion after i left my convent i'd finished with religion frankly i thought that was it and for years i kept clear of it i wanted to be an english literature professor and i certainly didn't even want to be a writer particularly but then i suffered a series of career catastrophes one after the other and finally found myself in television
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these doctrines seemed unproven abstract and to my astonishment when i began seriously studying other traditions i began to realize that belief which we make such a fuss about today is only a very recent religious enthusiasm that surfaced only in the west in about the century the word belief itself originally meant to love to prize to hold dear in the century it narrowed its focus for reasons that i'm exploring in a book i'm writing at the moment to include to mean an intellectual assent to a set of propositions a credo i believe it did not mean i accept certain articles of faith it meant i commit myself i engage myself indeed some of the world traditions think very little of religious orthodoxy in the religious opinion religious orthodoxy is dismissed as self indulgent guesswork about matters that nobody can be certain of one way or the other but which makes people quarrelsome and stupidly sectarian
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and this is absolutely crucial to the too there's a famous story about the great rabbi hillel the older contemporary of jesus a pagan came to him and offered to convert to judaism if the rabbi could recite the whole of jewish teaching while he stood on one leg hillel stood on one leg and said that which is hateful to you do not do to your neighbor that is the torah the rest is commentary go and study it
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also a great deal i think of religious illiteracy around people seem to think now equate religious faith with believing things as though that we call religious people often believers as though that were the main thing that they do and very often secondary goals get pushed into the first place in place of compassion and the golden rule because the golden rule is difficult i sometimes when i'm speaking to congregations about compassion i sometimes see a mutinous expression crossing some of their faces because a lot of religious people prefer to be right rather than compassionate
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and i was doing some rather controversial religious programs this went down very well in the u k where religion is extremely unpopular and so for once for the only time in my life i was finally in the mainstream but i got sent to jerusalem to make a film about early christianity and there for the first time i encountered the other religious traditions judaism and islam the sister religions of christianity and while i found i knew nothing about these faiths at all despite my own intensely religious background i'd seen judaism only as a kind of prelude to christianity and i knew nothing about islam at all
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in that city that tortured city where you see the three faiths jostling so uneasily together you also become aware of the profound connection between them and it has been the study of other religious traditions that brought me back to a sense of what religion can be and actually enabled me to look at my own faith in a different light and i found some astonishing things in the course of my study that had never occurred to me frankly in the days when i thought i'd had it with religion i just found the whole thing absolutely incredible these doctrines seemed unproven abstract and to my astonishment when i began seriously studying other traditions i began to realize that belief which we make such a fuss about today is only a very recent religious enthusiasm that surfaced only in the west in about the century the word belief itself originally meant to love to prize to hold dear
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so if religion is not about believing things what is it about what i've found across the board is that religion is about behaving differently instead of deciding whether or not you believe in god first you do something you behave in a committed way and then you begin to understand the truths of religion and religious doctrines are meant to be summons to action you only understand them when you put them into practice now pride of place in this practice is given to compassion
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now pride of place in this practice is given to compassion and it is an arresting fact that right across the board in every single one of the major world faiths compassion the ability to feel with the other in the way we've been thinking about this evening is not only the test of any true religiosity it is also what will bring us into the presence of what jews christians and muslims call god or the divine it is compassion says the buddha which brings you to nirvana why because in compassion when we feel with the other we dethrone ourselves from the center of our world and we put another person there and once we get rid of ego then we're ready to see the divine and in particular every single one of the major world traditions has highlighted has said and put at the core of their tradition what's become known as the golden rule first propounded by confucius five centuries before christ do not do to others what you would not like them to do to you
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in ruby's world you learn technology through play and for instance computers are really good at repeating stuff so the way ruby would teach loops goes like this this is ruby's favorite dance move it goes clap clap stomp stomp clap clap and jump and you learn counter loops by repeating that four times and you learn while loops by repeating that sequence while i'm standing on one leg and you learn until loops by repeating that sequence until mom gets really mad
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code is the next universal language in the seventies it was punk music that drove the whole generation in the eighties it was probably money but for my generation of people software is the interface to our imagination and our world and that means that we need a radically radically more diverse set of people to build those products to not see computers as mechanical and lonely and boring and magic to see them as things that they can tinker and turn around and twist and so forth my personal journey into the world of programming and technology started at the tender age of
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my personal journey into the world of programming and technology started at the tender age of i had this mad teenage crush on an older man and the older man in question just happened to be the then vice president of the united states mr al gore and i did what every single teenage girl would want to do i wanted to somehow express all of this love so i built him a website it's over here and in there was no there was no there was no so i needed to learn to code in order to express all of this longing and loving and that is how programming started for me it started as a means of self expression
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between up to our country lebanon went through unstable years invasions and more assassinations that brought us close to a civil war the country was divided again so much that our parliament resigned we had no president for a year and no prime minister but we did have a marathon so through the marathon we learned that political problems can be overcome when the opposition party decided to shut down part of the city center we negotiated alternative government protesters became sideline cheerleaders they even hosted juice stations
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i come from lebanon and i believe that running can change the world i know what i have just said is simply not obvious you know lebanon as a country has been once destroyed by a long and bloody civil war honestly i don't know why they call it civil war when there is nothing civil about it with syria to the north israel and palestine to the south and our government even up till this moment is still fragmented and unstable for years the country has been divided between politics and religion
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thank you for setting up my display i mean it's just wonderful and i haven't the slightest idea of what it does or what it's good for but i want it and that's my new life my new life is trying to understand what beauty is about and pretty and emotions the new me is all about making things kind of neat and fun and so this is a philippe starck produced by alessi it's just neat it's fun it's so much fun i have it in my house but i have it in the entryway i don't use it to make juice
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in fact i bought the gold plated special edition and it comes with a little slip of paper that says don't use this to make juice the acid will ruin the gold plating
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second of all it's really beautifully balanced it holds well it feels well and third of all it's so sharp it just cuts it's a delight to use and so it's got everything right it's beautiful and it's functional and i can tell you stories about it which makes it reflective and so you'll see i have a theory of emotion and those are the three components hiroshi ishii and his group at the mit media lab took a ping pong table and placed a projector above it and on the ping pong table they projected an image of water with fish swimming in it and as you play ping pong whenever the ball hits part of the table the ripples spread out and the fish run away but of course then the ball hits the other side the ripples hit the poor fish they can't find any peace and quiet
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so just took their logo and they spread it out instead of saying you got results this is one through next they just give you as many o's as there are pages it's really simple and subtle i bet a lot of you have seen it and never noticed it that's the subconscious mind that sort of notices it it probably is kind of pleasant and you didn't know why and it's just clever and of course what's especially good is if you type design and emotion the first response out of those pages is my website
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that's why the global knives are so neat they're so nicely balanced so sharp that you really feel you're in control of the cutting or just driving a high performance sports car over a demanding curb again feeling that you are in complete control of the environment or the sensual feeling this is a kohler shower a waterfall shower and actually all those knobs beneath are also it will squirt you all around and you can stay in that shower for hours and not waste water by the way because it the same dirty water
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and what's neat is sometimes you pit one emotion against the other the visceral fear of falling against the reflective state saying it's ok it's ok it's safe it's safe if that amusement park were rusty and falling apart you'd never go on the ride so it's pitting one against the other the other neat thing
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and he makes this unbelievable set of furniture and this is his chair with claw and the poor little chair has lost its ball and it's trying to get it back before anybody notices and what's so neat about it is how you accept that story and that's what's nice about emotion so that's the new me i'm only saying positive things from now on
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second of all it's really beautifully balanced it holds well it feels well and third of all it's so sharp it just cuts it's a delight to use
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so i type design emotion and my website wasn't first again it was third oh well different story
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there was this wonderful review in the new york times about the mini cooper automobile it said you know this is a car that has lots of faults buy it anyway it's so much fun to drive and if you look at the inside of the car i mean i loved it i wanted to see it i rented it this is me taking a picture while my son is driving and the inside of the car the whole design is fun it's round it's neat the controls work wonderfully
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no problem now i'm going to put the plank feet in the air and i'm not going to go near it thank you intense fear paralyzes you
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now some people can circus workers steel workers but it really changes the way you think and then a psychologist alice did this wonderful experiment
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a psychologist alice did this wonderful experiment she brought students in to solve problems so she'd bring people into the room and there'd be a string hanging down here and a string hanging down here it was an empty room except for a table with a bunch of crap on it some papers and scissors and stuff and she'd bring them in and she'd say this is an test and it determines how well you do in life would you tie those two strings together so they'd take one string and they'd pull it over here and they couldn't reach the other string still can't reach it
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happy not very happy but a little bit of happy and guess what they solved the problem and it turns out that when you're anxious you squirt neural transmitters in the brain which focuses you makes you depth first and when you're happy what we call positive valence you squirt dopamine into the prefrontal lobes which makes you a breadth first problem solver you're more susceptible to interruption you do out box thinking that's what brainstorming is about right with brainstorming we make you happy we play games and we say no criticism and you get all these weird neat ideas but in fact if that's how you always were you'd never get any work done because you'd be working along and say oh i got a new way of doing it so to get work done you've got to set a deadline right you've got be anxious the brain works differently if you're happy things work better because you're more creative
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i prided myself as a nonconformist in the conservative u s state i live in kansas i didn't follow along with the crowd i wasn't afraid to try weird clothing trends or i was outspoken and extremely social even these pictures and postcards of my london semester abroad years ago show that i obviously didn't care if i was perceived as weird or different
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but that same year i was in london years ago i realized something about myself that actually was somewhat unique and that changed everything i became the opposite of who i thought i once was i stayed in my room instead of socializing i stopped engaging in clubs and leadership activities i didn't want to stand out in the crowd anymore i told myself it was because i was growing up and maturing not that i was suddenly looking for acceptance
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now i know that's a dirty word for some people but we evolved from common ancestors with the gorillas the chimpanzee and also the bonobos we have a common past and we have a common future and it is important to remember that all of these great apes have come on as long and as interesting evolutionary journey as we ourselves have today and it's this journey that is of such interest to humanity and it's this journey that has been the focus of the past three generations of my family as we've been in east africa looking for the fossil remains of our ancestors to try and piece together our evolutionary past and this is how we look for them a group of dedicated young men and women walk very slowly out across vast areas of africa looking for small fragments of bone fossil bone that may be on the surface and that's an example of what we may do as we walk across the landscape in northern kenya looking for fossils i doubt many of you in the audience can see the fossil that's in this picture but if you look very carefully there is a jaw a lower jaw of a upright walking ape as it was found at lake on the west side
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today we've got great technology we have we mark it with a fix and we also take a digital photograph of the specimen so we could essentially put it back on the surface exactly where we found it and we can bring all this information into big packages today when we then find something very important like the bones of a human ancestor we begin to excavate it extremely carefully and slowly using dental picks and fine paintbrushes and all the sediment is then put through these screens and where we go again through it very carefully looking for small bone fragments and it's then washed and these things are so exciting they are so often the only or the very first time that anybody has ever seen the remains and here's a very special moment when my mother and myself were digging up some remains of human ancestors and it is one of the most special things to ever do with your mother
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now let me take you back to africa two million years ago i'd just like to point out if you look at the map of africa it does actually look like a hominid skull in its shape now we're going to go to the east african and the rift valley it essentially runs up from the gulf of aden or runs down to lake malawi and the rift valley is a depression it's a basin and rivers flow down from the highlands into the basin carrying sediment preserving the bones of animals that lived there if you want to become a fossil you actually need to die somewhere where your bones will be rapidly buried you then hope that the earth moves in such a way as to bring the bones back up to the surface and then you hope that one of us lot will walk around and find small pieces of you
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lake which is one such lake basin in the very north of our country kenya and if you look north here there's a big river that flows into the lake that's been carrying sediment and preserving the remains of the animals that lived there fossil sites run up and down both lengths of that lake basin which represents some square miles that's a huge job that we've got on our hands two million years ago at lake homo one of our human ancestors actually lived in this region you can see some of the major fossil sites that we've been working in the north but essentially two million years ago homo up in the far right corner lived alongside three other species of human ancestor and here is a skull of a homo which i just pulled off the shelf there
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put this in terms of generations because people do find it hard to think of time homo left africa generations ago we evolved essentially from an african stock again at about years as a fully fledged us and we only left africa about years ago and until years ago at least three upright walking apes shared the planet earth the question now is well who are we we're certainly a polluting wasteful aggressive species with a few nice things thrown in perhaps
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that is the big question and essentially we are just an upright walking big brained super intelligent ape this could be us we belong to the family called the we are the species called homo sapiens sapiens and it's important to remember that in terms of our place in the world today and our future on planet earth
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we are one species of about five and a half thousand mammalian species that exist on planet earth today and that's just a tiny fraction of all species that have ever lived on the planet in past times we're one species out of approximately or let's say at least upright walking apes that have existed over the past six to eight million years but as far as we know we're the only upright walking ape that exists on planet earth today except for the bonobos and it's important to remember that because the bonobos are so human and they share percent of their genes with us and we share our origins with a handful of the living great apes it's important to remember that we evolved
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we still really haven't got a very complete picture of it when we find a fossil we mark it today we've got great technology we have we mark it with a fix and we also take a digital photograph of the specimen so we could essentially put it back on the surface exactly where we found it and we can bring all this information into big packages today when we then find something very important like the bones of a human ancestor we begin to excavate it extremely carefully and slowly using dental picks and fine paintbrushes
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but it is not to say that being a single species on planet earth is the norm in fact if you go back in time it is the norm that there are multiple species of or of human ancestors that coexist at any one time where did these things come from that's what we're still trying to find answers to and it is important to realize that there is diversity in all different species and our ancestors are no exception here's some reconstructions of some of the fossils that have been found from lake but i was very lucky to have been brought up in kenya essentially accompanying my parents to lake in search of human remains
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but i was very lucky to have been brought up in kenya essentially accompanying my parents to lake in search of human remains and we were able to dig up when we got old enough fossils such as this a slender crocodile and we dug up giant tortoises and elephants and things like that but when i was as i was in this picture a very exciting expedition was in place on the west side when they found essentially the skeleton of this homo i could relate to this homo skeleton very well because i was the same age that he was when he died and i imagined him to be tall dark skinned his brothers certainly were able to run long distances chasing prey probably sweating heavily as they did so he was very able to use stones effectively as tools
| 0
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9,904
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m i taught my intro class p m to p m i taught my advanced class where were you the where were you the where were you the the where were you october we read about six months of my calendar and i don't think he was expecting me to have such detailed records of what i did but good thing i did because i don't look good in orange
| 1
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9,906
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was well the first one was is your name hasan yes are we in florida yes is today tuesday yes because you have to base it on a yes or no then of course the next question is do you belong to any groups that wish to harm the united states i work at a university
| 1
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9,907
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since then before i would go anywhere i would call the i would tell them hey guys this is where i'm going this is my flight northwest flight seven coming into seattle on march or whatever a couple weeks later i'd call again let them know it wasn't that i had to but i chose to just wanted to say hey guys don't want to make it look like i'm making any sudden moves
| 1
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9,908
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but i'll watch myself it's okay you don't have to waste your energy or your resources and i'll help you out so in the process i start thinking well what else might they know about me well they probably have all my flight records so i decided to put all my flight records from birth online so you can see delta going from kansas city to atlanta and then you see these are some of the meals that i've been fed on the planes this was on delta going from to san francisco see that they won't let me on a plane with that but they'll give it to me on the plane
| 1
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9,913
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and he's still a little confused but i think that anyone who talks to me for more than a couple of minutes realizes i'm not exactly a terrorist threat and so we're sitting there and eventually after about an hour hour and a half of just going back and forth he says okay i have enough information here i'm going to pass this onto the tampa office they're the ones who initiated this
| 0
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9,915
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and in the meanwhile you're left with questions to which nobody gives an answer these are the can i questions can i work while i have cancer can i study can i make love can i be creative and you wonder what have i done to deserve this you wonder can i change something about my lifestyle you wonder can i do something are there any other options and obviously doctors are the good guys in all these scenarios because they are very professional and dedicated to curing you but they also are very used to having to deal with patients so i'd say that they sometimes lose the idea that this is torture for you and that you become literally a patient patient means the one who waits
| 1
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9,916
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i talked to it and i said okay cancer you're not all there is to me there's more to me a cure whichever it is will have to deal with the whole of me and so the next day i left the hospital against medical advice i was determined to change my relationship with the cancer and i was determined to learn more about my cancer before doing anything as drastic as a surgery i'm an artist i use several forms of open source technologies and open information in my practice so my best bet was to get it all out there get the information out there and use it so that it could be accessed by anyone so i created a website which is called la on which i put my medical data online i actually had to hack it and that's a thing which we can talk about in another speech
| 1
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9,918
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i knew nothing about cancer in western cultures when you have cancer it's as if you disappear in a way your life as a complex human being is replaced by medical data your images your exams your lab values a list of medicines and everyone changes as well
| 0
|
9,920
|
but instead you're forced there to wait in the hands of a series of very professional strangers while i was in the hospital i asked for a printed out picture of my cancer and i spoke with it it was really hard to obtain because it's not common practice to ask for a picture of your own cancer i talked to it and i said okay cancer you're not all there is to me there's more to me a cure whichever it is will have to deal with the whole of me
| 0
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9,921
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and this was going on scientists the traditional medicine experts several researchers doctors all connected with me to give advice with all this information and support i was able to form a team of several neurosurgeons traditional doctors oncologists and several hundred volunteers with whom i was able to discuss the information i was receiving which is very important and together we were able to form a strategy for my own cure in many languages according to many cultures and the current strategy spans the whole world and thousands of years of human history which is quite remarkable for me surgery the follow up showed luckily little to no growth of the cancer
| 0
|
9,924
|
i work with a species called and i'm happy most of the time because i think this is the happiest species on the planet it's kind of a well kept secret this species lives only in the congo and they're not in too many zoos because of their sexual behavior their sexual behavior is too human like for most of us to be comfortable with
| 1
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9,926
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i have a lighter in my pocket if you need one that's a nest you can get it out i hope i have a lighter you can use the lighter to start the fire so kanzi is very interested in fire he doesn't do it yet without a lighter but i think if he saw someone do it he might be able to do make a fire without a lighter he's learning about how to keep a fire going he's learning the uses for a fire just by watching what we do with fire
| 1
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9,927
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forgot to zip up the back half of his backpack but he likes to carry things from place to place austin i hear you saying austin he talks to other bonobos at the lab long distance farther than we can hear this is his sister this is her first time to try to drive a golf cart goodbye
| 1
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9,928
|
she's got the pedals down but not the wheel she switches from reverse to forward and she holds onto the wheel rather than turns it
| 1
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9,930
|
go ahead go ahead i'm listening do that real fast part that you did yeah that part kanzi plays the xylophone using both hands he enthusiastically accompanies dr singing kanzi and are stimulated by this fun filled environment which promotes the emergence of these cultural capabilities
| 1
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9,931
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a very egalitarian society and they're a very empathetic society and sexual behavior is not confined to one aspect of their life that they sort of set aside it permeates their entire life and it's used for communication and it's used for conflict resolution and i think perhaps somewhere in our history we sort of divided our lives up into lots of parts
| 0
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9,932
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and it's used for conflict resolution and i think perhaps somewhere in our history we sort of divided our lives up into lots of parts we divided our world up with lots of categories and so everything sort of has a place that it has to fit but i don't think that we were that way initially there are many people who think that the animal world is hard wired and that there's something very very special about man maybe it's his ability to have causal thought maybe it's something special in his brain that allows him to have language maybe it's something special in his brain that allows him to make tools or to have mathematics
| 0
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9,934
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he doesn't stand quite as upright but there are a lot of similarities and i think that as we look at culture we kind of come to understand how we got to where we are and i don't really think it's in our biology i think we've attributed it to our biology but i don't really think it's there so what i want to do now is introduce you to a species called the this is kanzi he's a right now he's in a forest in georgia his mother originally came from a forest in africa
| 0
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9,935
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now this shows a on your right and a chimpanzee on your left clearly the chimpanzee has a little bit harder time of walking the although shorter than us and their arms still longer is more upright just as we are this shows the compared to an australopithecine like lucy as you can see there's not a lot of difference between the way a walks and the way an early australopithecine would have walked as they turn toward us you'll see that the pelvic area of early is a little flatter and doesn't have to rotate quite so much from side to side
| 0
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9,936
|
as you can see there's not a lot of difference between the way a walks and the way an early australopithecine would have walked as they turn toward us you'll see that the pelvic area of early is a little flatter and doesn't have to rotate quite so much from side to side so the the gait is a little easier and now we see all four narrator the wild lives in central africa in the jungle encircled by the congo river trees as tall as meters feet grow densely in the area it was a japanese scientist who first undertook serious field studies of the almost three decades ago bonobos are built slightly smaller than the chimpanzee slim bodied bonobos are by nature very gentle creatures
| 0
|
9,938
|
so i teach college students about inequality and race in education and i like to leave my office open to any of my students who might just want to see me to chat and a few semesters ago one of my more cheerful students actually came to see me and mentioned that he was feeling a bit like an outcast because he's black he had just transferred to from a community college on a merit scholarship and turns out only about five percent of students at are black and so i started to remember that i know that feeling of being an outsider in your own community it's partially what drew me to my work at my university i'm one of the few faculty members of color and growing up i experienced my family's social mobility moving out of apartments into a nice house but in an overwhelmingly white neighborhood i was and kids would say that were surprised that i didn't smell like curry
| 1
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9,941
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these stories primarily indicate is that teaching is social and benefits from social scaffolding there were factors pushing these two in one direction but through tailored and opportunities they were able to reflect on their circumstances and resist negative influences they also learned simple skills like developing a network or asking for help things many of us in this room can forget that we have needed from time to time or can take for granted and when we think of people like this we should only think of them as exceptional but not as exceptions thinking of them as exceptions absolves us of the collective responsibility to help students in similar situations when presidents bush and now even trump have called education the civil rights issue of our time perhaps we should treat it that way if schools were able to think about the agency that their students have and bring to the table when they push them what students learn can become more relevant to their lives and then they can tap into those internal reservoirs of grit and character so this here my student got accepted to law school with scholarships and not to brag but i did write one of his letters of recommendation
| 1
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9,942
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and even though i know hard work is what got him this achievement i've seen him find his voice along the way which as someone who's grown up a little bit shy and awkward i know it takes time and support so even though he will rely a lot on his grit to get him through that first year law school grind i'll be there as a mentor for him check in with him from time to time maybe take him out to get some curry
| 1
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9,944
|
sociologist i also study achievement but from a slightly different perspective i research students who have overcome immense obstacles related to their background students from low income often single parent households students who have been homeless incarcerated or perhaps undocumented or some who have struggled with substance abuse or lived through violent or sexual trauma so let me tell you about two of the people i've met was raised by a single mother and then after high school he fell in with the wrong crowd he got arrested for armed robbery but in prison he started to work hard
| 0
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9,945
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he got arrested for armed robbery but in prison he started to work hard he took college credit courses so when he got out he was able to get a master's and today he's a manager at a nonprofit vanessa had to move around a lot as a kid from the lower east side to staten island to the bronx she was raised primarily by her extended family because her own mother had a heroin addiction yet at vanessa had to drop out of school and she had a son of her own but eventually she was able to go to community college get her associate's then go to an elite college to finish her bachelor's so some people might hear these stories and say yes those two definitely have grit they basically pulled themselves up by the bootstraps
| 0
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9,947
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and vanessa well after the birth of her son she happened to find a program called vocational foundation that gave her dollars biweekly a and her first experiences with a computer these simple resources are what helped her get her ged but then she suffered from a very serious kidney failure which was particularly problematic because she was only born with one kidney she spent years on dialysis waiting for a successful transplant after that her mentors at community college had kept in touch with her and so she was able to go and they put her in an honors program and that's the pathway that allowed her to become accepted to one of the most elite colleges for women in the country and she received her bachelor's at setting an incredible example for her young son what these stories primarily indicate is that teaching is social and benefits from social scaffolding
| 0
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9,964
|
i admit that i'm a little bit nervous here because i'm going to say some radical things about how we should think about cancer differently to an audience that contains a lot of people who know a lot more about cancer than i do but i will also contest that i'm not as nervous as i should be because i'm pretty sure i'm right about this
| 1
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9,965
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so the other reason it's been very popular is because we can measure it it's digital and in fact thanks to kary mullis you can basically measure your genome in your kitchen with a few extra ingredients so for instance by measuring the genome we've learned a lot about how we're related to other kinds of animals by the closeness of our genome or how we're related to each other the family tree or the tree of life there's a huge amount of information about the genetics just by comparing the genetic similarity now of course in medical application that is very useful because it's the same kind of information that the doctor gets from your family medical history except probably your genome knows much more about your medical history than you do and so by reading the genome we can find out much more about your family than you probably know and so we can discover things that probably you could have found by looking at enough of your relatives but they may be surprising i did the thing and was very surprised to discover that i am fat and bald
| 1
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9,966
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and it matters how much of the protein it is it could be very significant that a protein changed by percent so it's not a nice digital thing like and basically our problem is somebody's in the middle of this very long stage they pause for just a moment and they leave something in an enzyme for a second and all of a sudden all the measurements from then on don't work and so then people get very inconsistent results when they do it this way people have tried very hard to do this i tried this a couple of times and looked at this problem and gave up on it i kept getting this call from this oncologist named david and applied minds gets a lot of calls from people who want help with their problems and i didn't think this was a very likely one to call back so i kept on giving him to the delay list and then one day i get a call from john doerr bill berkman and al gore on the same day saying return david phone call
| 1
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9,969
|
so let me start with it is the hot topic it is the place where we're learning the most this is the great frontier but it has its limitations and in particular you've probably all heard the analogy that the genome is like the blueprint of your body and if that were only true it would be great but it's not it's like the parts list of your body it doesn't say how things are connected what causes what and so on so if i can make an analogy let's say that you were trying to tell the difference between a good restaurant a healthy restaurant and a sick restaurant and all you had was the list of ingredients that they had in their larder
| 0
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9,971
|
so if i look at a person and i look at a person's genome it's the same thing the part of the genome that we can read is the list of ingredients and so indeed there are times when we can find ingredients that are bad cystic fibrosis is an example of a disease where you just have a bad ingredient and you have a disease and we can actually make a direct correspondence between the ingredient and the disease but most things you really have to know what's going on in the kitchen because mostly sick people used to be healthy people they have the same genome so the genome really tells you much more about predisposition so what you can tell is you can tell the difference between an asian person and a european person by looking at their ingredients list
| 0
|
9,973
|
jeff and i were full time ballroom dance instructors when the big tv ballroom revival hit and this was incredible i mean one day we would say and people were like foxes trotting
| 1
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9,976
|
you weren't just learning to dance you were learning to man and to woman it's a relic and in the way of relics you don't throw it out but you need to know that this is the past this isn't the present it's like shakespeare respect it revive it great but know that this is history this doesn't represent how we think today so we asked ourselves if you strip it all down what is at the core of partner dancing well the core principle of partner dancing is that one person leads the other one follows the machine works the same regardless of who's playing which role the physics of movement doesn't really give a crap about your gender
| 1
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9,982
|
since our work has focused on building driving cars that can drive anywhere by themselves any street in california we've driven miles our cars have sensors by which they magically can see everything around them and make decisions about every aspect of driving it's the perfect driving mechanism we've driven in cities like in san francisco here we've driven from san francisco to los angeles on highway we've encountered joggers busy highways toll booths and this is without a person in the loop the car just drives itself in fact while we drove miles people didn't even notice mountain roads day and night and even crooked lombard street in san francisco
| 1
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9,984
|
i would like to talk to you about a very special group of animals there are species of birds in the world vultures are amongst the most threatened group of birds when you see a vulture like this the first thing that comes to your mind is these are disgusting ugly greedy creatures that are just after your flesh associated with politicians
| 1
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