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that's a big task understandably but i don't believe in any kind of unbeatable monster there was no giant out there without perhaps a simple achilles heel and what if i told you that one of the best ways to actually overcome this is to have courageous conversations with difficult people people who do not see the world the same way that you see the world oh yes folks conversations may be indeed the key to that upgrade because remember language was the first form of virtual reality it is literally a symbolic representation of the physical world and through this device we change the physical world keep in mind conversations stop violence conversations start countries they build bridges and when the chips are down conversations are the last tools that humans use before they pick up their guns
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in shop talk live somebody's been there right in shop talk live we have the conversations that change lives we meet the community right where they are and we've done everything from divert gang violence in real time to help find people jobs to mentoring homeless youth and the reason why we needed to do this is because there was a severe lack of trust in the black community due to the violence of the crack era and so we ended up taking agency into our own hands solving our own problems not waiting for anybody else and the truth is from the mayor to the felon you're going to find them in that barber shop and so what we did was just organize what was already going on and so what i started doing was mining these alternative viewpoints from these alternative digital universes dissecting them breaking them down into controversial talking points then with my cell phone i flipped the internet against itself and began to broadcast these live conversations to my online followers this made them want to leave the safety of their laptops and meet us in person to have real conversations with real people in real life
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human beings are not the barriers but the gateways to the very things that we want this is a collective and conscious evolution
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my journey began with a terribly popular cell phone video and a fallen friend your journey begins right about now join the renaissance in human connection it is going to happen with or without you my suggestion pick a topic and start a community dialogue in your neck of the woods meet folks back in real life and i'm going to tell you when you trick the algorithm of your existence you will get some diversified experiences
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in the developing world mobile phones have become economic drivers a study last year showed a direct correlation between the growth of mobile phone use and subsequent increases across africa in kenya mobile phone minutes have actually become an alternative currency the political aspects of mobile phones can't be ignored either from text message swarms in korea helping to bring down a government to the project in the keeping tabs on politicians who try to avoid the press
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create can be a future that we'll be proud of i think about this every day it's quite literally my job i'm co founder and senior columnist at com alex steffen and i founded in late and since then we and our growing global team of contributors have documented the ever expanding variety of solutions that are out there right now and on the near horizon in a little over two years we've written up about items models technological tools emerging ideas all providing a path to a future that's more sustainable more equitable and more desirable our emphasis on solutions is quite intentional
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little over two years we've written up about items models technological tools emerging ideas all providing a path to a future that's more sustainable more equitable and more desirable our emphasis on solutions is quite intentional there are tons of places to go online and off if what you want to find is the latest bit of news about just how quickly our hell bound is moving we want to offer people an idea of what they can do about it we focus primarily on the planet's environment but we also address issues of global development international conflict responsible use of emerging technologies even the rise of the so called second superpower and much much more the scope of solutions that we discuss is actually pretty broad but that reflects both the range of challenges that need to be met and the kinds of innovations that will allow us to do so a quick sampling really can barely scratch the surface but to give you a sense of what we cover tools for rapid disaster relief such as this inflatable concrete shelter innovative uses of bioscience such as a flower that changes color in the presence of landmines ultra high efficiency designs for homes and offices distributed power generation using solar power wind power ocean power other clean energy sources ultra ultra high efficiency vehicles of the future ultra high efficiency vehicles you can get right now and better urban design so you don't need to drive as much in the first place bio approaches to design that take advantage of the efficiencies of natural models in both vehicles and buildings distributed computing projects that will help us model the future of the climate also a number of the topics that we've been talking about this week at ted are things that we've addressed in the past on cradle design fab labs the consequences of extreme longevity the one laptop per child project even as a born gen x er hurtling all too quickly to my fortieth birthday i'm naturally inclined to pessimism
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that's where the hyena comes in the hyena is probably the most perfectly designed scavenging animal in the world it strip mines carcasses and it has amazing teeth because it enables the hyena to essentially eat bones now the end product of that action is up on the board here what the missionaries would do is they'd walk around and they'd pick up hyena shit and the incredible thing about hyena shit is it makes great chalk
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that's not what i'm here to talk about but it is a fascinating aspect of animal design what i'm here to talk about is the camel when i started talking to richard about what i was going to speak about i had recently come back from jordan where i had an amazing experience with a camel
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we'll find some camels we got out and walked and sure enough about half a mile we came over the crest of this hill and there was a huge gathering of bedouin with their camels the guy went up and started dickering and dollars later we had four camels they went down like elevators we got on them they went back up and the bedouin each bedouin four of them got behind each of the camels with a little whip and they started slashing away at the back of the camels and they started galloping and if you've ever been on a camel it is a very very uncomfortable ride there's also one other aspect about these camels about every steps they lean back and try to take a chunk out of your leg
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i want you to inspect its mouth look at its teeth go underneath it go above it go around it pull its tail up take a look in there i want you to get as close to that camel as you possibly can so i got a national geographic film crew we went down there and i took one look at this camel it is a pound creature who is in rut
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now if you've ever seen a pound camel in rut it is a scary scary thing to behold and if richard thought i was getting in the ring with that camel someone was smoking bedouin high grade
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and they brought quite a bit of this stuff but over the years the blackboards were fine but they ran out of chalk
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and we were in the desert that's the end keith bellows yeah yeah we were in the desert in rum in a small jeep there were four of us two bedouin drivers you can just imagine this expanse is an ocean of sand degrees one water bottle
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there were four of us two bedouin drivers you can just imagine this expanse is an ocean of sand degrees one water bottle and we were driving in what they told us was their very very best jeep didn't look like it to me and as we started to go through the desert the jeep broke down the guys got out they put the hood up they started working under the hood got it going again about a hundred yards it broke down this went on about times we were getting more and more alarmed we were also getting deeper and deeper into the desert and eventually our worst nightmare happened they flooded the engine
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we'll find some camels we got out and walked and sure enough about half a mile we came over the crest of this hill and there was a huge gathering of bedouin with their camels
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and much meaner by the way than the bedouin who greeted me and tried to sell me one of his daughters to take back to the states so as we talked richard and i i said you know maybe i should bring a camel
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so as we talked richard and i i said you know maybe i should bring a camel it's the best designed animal in the world he went nah i don't think we want to be bringing a camel and you should be really glad we decided not to bring the camel so i did the next best thing i went to the washington zoo richard said i want you to get up close and personal with this camel
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effect of the last judgment was enormous the printing press made sure that everybody saw it and so this wasn't something that happened within a couple of weeks it was something that happened over the space of years of editorials and complaints saying to the church you can't possibly tell us how to live our lives did you notice you have pornography in the pope's chapel and so after complaints and insistence of trying to get this work destroyed it was finally the year that michelangelo died that the church finally found a compromise a way to save the painting and that was in putting up these extra covers and that happens to be the origin of fig leafing that's where it all came about and it came about from a church that was trying to save a work of art not indeed deface or destroyed it this what you just gave us is not the classic tour that people get today when they go to the sistine chapel
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so what are you expecting soaring domes choirs of angels we don't really have any of that there instead you may ask yourself what do we have well curtains up on the sistine chapel and i mean literally you're surrounded by painted curtains the original decoration of this chapel churches used tapestries not just to keep out cold during long masses but as a way to represent the great theater of life
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as i fell deeper into bow making i began to search far and beyond my neighborhood when i went on school field trips family vacations or simply on my way home from extracurricular classes i wandered around wooded areas and gathered tree branches with the tools that i sneaked inside my school bag and they would be somethings like saws knives sickles and axes that i covered up with a piece of towel i would bring the branches home riding buses and subways barely holding them in my hands and i did not bring the tools here to long beach airport security
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used in the outer layer of the limb for maximum tension storage and four horn used to store energy in compression after fixing breaking redesigning mending bending and amending my ideal bow began to take shape and when it was finally done it looked like this i was so proud of myself for inventing a perfect bow on my own this is a picture of korean traditional bows taken from a museum and see how my bow resembles them thanks to my ancestors for robbing me of my invention
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it is said that the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence and i believe this is true especially when i hear president often talk about the korean education system as a benchmark of success well i can tell you that in the rigid structure and highly competitive nature of the korean school system also known as pressure cooker not everyone can do well in that environment while many people responded in different ways about our education system my response to the high pressure environment was making bows with pieces of wood found near my apartment building why bows i'm not quite sure perhaps in the face of constant pressure my caveman instinct of survival has connected with the bows
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one day i was changing the shape of a bamboo piece and ended up setting the place on fire where the rooftop of my apartment building a place where families call home a customer from a department store across from my building called and i ran downstairs to tell my mom with half of my hair burned i want to take this opportunity to tell my mom in the audience today mom i was really sorry and i will be more careful with open fire from now on my mother had to do a lot of explaining telling people that her son did not commit a premeditated arson
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traditionally that was seen as science fiction but now we've moved to a world where actually this has become possible so the best way of explaining it is to just show it what you can see over here is tamara who is holding my phone that's now plugged in so let me start with this what we have here is a painting of the great poet burns and it's just a normal image but if we now switch inputs over to the phone running our technology you can see effectively what seeing on the screen and when she points at this image something magical happens
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thank you the incredible work that made that possible was done here in the u k by scientists at cambridge and they work in our offices and i've got a lovely picture of them here they couldn't all be on stage but we're going to bring their aura to the stage so here they are they're not very animated
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and what's great about this is the technology's actually allowing the phone to start to see and understand much like how the human brain does not only that but as i move the object around it's going to track it and overlay that content seamlessly again the thing that's incredible about this is this is how advanced these devices have become all the processing to do that was actually done on the device itself
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on the emotional side we have people who've done things like send postcards and christmas cards back to their family with little messages on them we have people who have for example taken the inside of the engine bay of an old car and tagged up different components within an engine so that if you're stuck and you want to find out more you can point and discover the information we're all very very familiar with the internet in the last years it's really changed the way that we live and work and the way that we see the world and what's great is we sort of think this is the next paradigm shift because now we can literally take the content that we share we discover and that we enjoy and make it a part of the world around us
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technology has brought us so much the moon landing the internet the ability to sequence the human genome but it also taps into a lot of our deepest fears and about years ago the culture critic neil postman wrote a book called amusing ourselves to death which lays this out really brilliantly and here's what he said comparing the visions of george orwell and aldous huxley he said orwell feared we would become a captive culture huxley feared we would become a trivial culture orwell feared the truth would be concealed from us and huxley feared we would be drowned in a sea of irrelevance in a nutshell it's a choice between big brother watching you and you watching big brother
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we are not passive consumers of data and technology we shape the role it plays in our lives and the way we make meaning from it but to do that we have to pay as much attention to how we think as how we code we have to ask questions and hard questions to move past counting things to understanding them we're constantly bombarded with stories about how much data there is in the world but when it comes to big data and the challenges of interpreting it size isn't everything there's also the speed at which it moves and the many varieties of data types and here are just a few examples images text video audio and what unites this disparate types of data is that they're created by people and they require context now there's a group of data scientists out of the university of illinois chicago and they're called the health media and they've been working with the centers for disease control to better understand how people talk about quitting smoking how they talk about electronic cigarettes and what they can do collectively to help them quit the interesting thing is if you want to understand how people talk about smoking first you have to understand what they mean when they say smoking and on there are four main categories number one smoking cigarettes number two smoking marijuana number three smoking ribs and number four smoking hot women
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so then you have to think about well how do people talk about electronic cigarettes and there are so many different ways that people do this and you can see from the slide it's a complex kind of a query and what it reminds us is that language is created by people and people are messy and we're complex and we use metaphors and slang and jargon and we do this in many many languages and then as soon as we figure it out we change it up so did these ads that the put on these television ads that featured a woman with a hole in her throat and that were very graphic and very disturbing did they actually have an impact on whether people quit and the health media respected the limits of their data but they were able to conclude that those advertisements and you may have seen them that they had the effect of jolting people into a thought process that may have an impact on future behavior and what i admire and appreciate about this project aside from the fact including the fact that it's based on real human need is that it's a fantastic example of courage in the face of a sea of irrelevance
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and so it's not just big data that causes challenges of interpretation because let's face it we human beings have a very rich history of taking any amount of data no matter how small and screwing it up so many years ago you may remember that former president ronald reagan was very criticized for making a statement that facts are stupid things and it was a slip of the tongue let's be fair he actually meant to quote john adams' defense of british soldiers in the boston massacre trials that facts are stubborn things but i actually think there's a bit of accidental wisdom in what he said because facts are stubborn things but sometimes they're stupid too i want to tell you a personal story about why this matters a lot to me i need to take a breath
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i said okay mama she said the first thing i want you to promise me is that you'll always love your mom she said that's my baby girl and you have to promise me now you'll always take care of her well i adored my mom so i said yes mama i'll do that then she said the second thing i want you to promise me is that you'll always do the right thing even when the right thing is the hard thing and i thought about it and i said yes mama i'll do that then finally she said the third thing i want you to promise me is that you'll never drink alcohol
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i had some your sister had some have some beer i said no i don't feel right about that y'all go ahead y'all go ahead and then my brother started staring at me he said what's wrong with you have some beer then he looked at me real hard and he said oh i hope you're not still hung up on that conversation mama had with you i said well what are you talking about he said oh mama tells all the grandkids that they're special
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i spend most of my time in very low income communities in the projects and places where there's a great deal of hopelessness and being here at ted and seeing the stimulation hearing it has been very very energizing to me and one of the things that's emerged in my short time here is that ted has an identity and you can actually say things here that have impacts around the world
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and i think what we've learned is that if you're a teacher your words can be meaningful but if you're a compassionate teacher they can be especially meaningful if you're a doctor you can do some good things but if you're a caring doctor you can do some other things and so i want to talk about the power of identity and i didn't learn about this actually practicing law and doing the work that i do
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now sometimes people use this kind of rules based grammar to discourage people from making up words and i think that is well stupid so for example people are always telling you be creative make new music do art invent things science and technology but when it comes to words they're like don't no creativity stops right here give it a rest
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we should have more of them i want you to make as many new words as possible and i'm going to tell you six ways that you can use to make new words in english the first way is the simplest way basically steal them from other languages go rob other people linguists call this borrowing but we never give the words back so i'm just going to be honest and call it stealing
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so another way that you can make words in english is by two other english words together this is called compounding words in english are like lego if you use enough force you can put any two of them together
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another way that you can make words in english is kind of like compounding but instead you use so much force when you the words together that some parts fall off so these are blend words like brunch is a blend of breakfast and lunch motel is a blend of motor and hotel who here knew that motel was a blend word yeah that word is so old in english that lots of people don't know that there are parts missing is a blend of education and entertainment and of course electrocute is a blend of electric and execute
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the word grammar actually there are two kinds of grammar there's the kind of grammar that lives inside your brain and if you're a native speaker of a language or a good speaker of a language it's the unconscious rules that you follow when you speak that language and this is what you learn when you learn a language as a child and here's an example this is a right it's a now there is another one
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you can also make words by changing how they operate this is called functional shift you take a word that acts as one part of speech and you change it into another part of speech okay who here knew that friend hasn't always been a verb friend used to be noun and then we it almost any word in english can be
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another way to make words in english is to take the first letters of something and them together so national aeronautics and space administration becomes nasa and of course you can do this with anything so it doesn't matter how silly the words are they can be really good words of english is a perfectly good word of english
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doesn't matter how silly the words are they can be really good words of english is a perfectly good word of english is a perfectly good word of english so the words don't have have to sound normal they can sound really silly why should you make words you should make words because every word is a chance to express your idea and get your meaning across and new words grab people's attention they get people to focus on what you're saying and that gives you a better chance to get your meaning across a lot of people on this stage today have said in the future you can do this you can help with this you can help us explore you can help us invent
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i always had a passion for alternative vehicles this is a land yacht racing across the desert in nevada combination of and skiing into this invention there and i also had an interest in dangerous inventions this is a tesla coil that i built in my bedroom much to the dismay of my mother to the dismay of my mother this is dangerous teenage fashion right there
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so wind power solar power we had a lot to talk about we had a lot that got us excited so we decided to do a special project together to combine engineering and design and really make a fully integrated product something beautiful and we made a baby
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you bring out our baby this baby is fully electric it goes miles an hour it's twice the range of any electric motorcycle really the exciting thing about a motorcycle is just the beautiful integration of engineering and design it's got an amazing user experience
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really the exciting thing about a motorcycle is just the beautiful integration of engineering and design it's got an amazing user experience it was wonderful working with yves behar he came up with our name and logo we're mission motors and we've only got three minutes but we could talk about it for hours thank you thank you ted and thank you chris for having us
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but over the years as i have thought about these technologies and the things that i work on a question kind of nags in the back of my mind which is what if we're wrong about the virtues of technology and if it sometimes actively hurts the communities that we're intending to help the tech industry around the world tends to operate under similar assumptions that if we build great things it will positively affect everyone eventually these innovations will get out and find everyone but that's not always the case i like to call this blind championing of technology trickle down to borrow a phrase
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that's for little children we are big people and we're trying to deal with what's happening in our society okay this is the size of the problem okay two thirds of the money stolen or wasted that was years ago was so what has changed i don't like to bring up embarrassing secrets to an international audience but i have to four months ago we suffered a constitutional outrage in this country we call it the section fiasco the section fiasco a suspicious piece of law and i'm going to say it like it is a suspicious piece of law was passed at a suspicious time to free some suspects
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nowhere on the planet have all the creditors been bailed out in excess of what their statutory entitlements were only here so what was the reason for the generosity is our government that generous and maybe they are let's look at it let's look into it so i started digging and writing and so and so on and that work can be found my personal work can be found at com which is my name it's a not that i run not as popular as some of the other people but there you go
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okay this morning i'm speaking on the question of corruption and corruption is defined as the abuse of a position of trust for the benefit of yourself or in the case of our context your friends your family or your financiers okay friends family and financiers but we need to understand what we understand about corruption and we need to understand that we have been about it and we have to admit that we have to have the courage to admit that to start changing how we deal with it
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the first thing is that the big myth number one is that in fact it's not really a crime when we get together with friends and family and we discuss crime in our country crime in belmont or crime in diego or crime in marabella nobody's speaking about corruption that's the honest truth when the commissioner of police comes on tv to talk about crime he isn't speaking about corruption and we know for sure when the minister of national security is speaking about crime he's not talking about corruption either the point i'm making is that it is a crime it is an economic crime because we're involving the looting of taxpayers' money
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the point i'm making is that it is a crime it is an economic crime because we're involving the looting of taxpayers' money public and private corruption is a reality as somebody who comes from the private sector i can tell you there's a massive amount of corruption in the private sector that has nothing to do with government the same bribes and and things that take place under the table it all takes place in the private sector today i'm focusing on public sector corruption which the private sector also participates in the second important myth to understand because we have to destroy these myths dismantle them and destroy them and ridicule them the second important myth to understand is the one that says that in fact corruption is only a small problem if it is a problem it's only a small problem that in fact it's only a little or percent it's been going on forever it probably will continue forever and there's no point passing any laws because there's little we can do about it and i want to demonstrate that that too is a dangerous myth very dangerous it's a piece of public mischief
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technology has a role to play well we need money to experiment with that to get those tools in there there's the idea of paying teachers for effectiveness measuring them giving them feedback taking videos in the classroom that's something i think is very very important well you have to allocate dollars for that system and for that incentive pay in a situation where you have growth you put the new money into this or even if you're flat you might shift money into it but with the type of cuts we're talking about it will be far far harder to get these incentives for excellence or to move over to use technology in the new way so what's going on where's the brain trust that's in error here well there really is no brain trust
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well this is about state budgets this is probably the most boring topic of the whole morning but i want to tell you i think it's an important topic that we need to care about state budgets are big big money i'll show you the numbers and they get very little scrutiny the understanding is very low many of the people involved have special interests or short term interests that get them not thinking about what the implications of the trends are
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when i see them together i know that they're working out how to live in the future green school is going into its third year with children it's a school where you do learn reading one of my favorites writing i was bad at it arithmetic but you also learn other things you learn bamboo building you practice ancient balinese arts this is called mud wrestling in the rice fields the kids love it the mothers aren't quite convinced
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how did we do all this on giant grass it's bamboo it comes out of the ground like a train it grows as high as a coconut tree in two months and three years later it can be harvested to build buildings like this it's as strong and dense as teak and it will hold up any roof when the architects came they brought us these things and you've probably seen things like this the yellow box was called the administration complex
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gore i have four kids and even if part of what he says is true they're not going to have the life that i had and i decided at that moment that i would spend the rest of my life doing whatever i could to improve their possibilities so here's the world and here we are in bali it's a tiny little island miles by miles it has an intact hindu culture cynthia and i were there
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it has an intact hindu culture cynthia and i were there we had had a wonderful life there and we decided to do something unusual we decided to give back locally and here it is it's called the green school i know it doesn't look like a school but it is something we decided to do and it is extremely extremely green the classrooms have no walls the teacher is writing on a bamboo blackboard the desks are not square
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you know in my lab the students that i work with we're talking about some sort of social pattern i'm a movie buff and so i'm often like what kind of movie are we in here with this pattern so what kind of movie are we in with political polarization well it could be a disaster movie it certainly seems like a disaster could be a war movie also fits but what i keep thinking is that we're in a zombie apocalypse movie
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incredibly intuitive and even though it is it's something we really struggle to do you know it turns out that when we go to persuade somebody on a political issue we talk like we're speaking into a mirror we don't persuade so much as we rehearse our own reasons for why we believe some sort of political position we kept saying when we were designing these moral arguments empathy and respect empathy and respect if you can tap into that you can connect and you might be able to persuade somebody in this country so thinking again about what movie we're in maybe i got carried away before maybe it's not a zombie apocalypse movie maybe instead it's a buddy cop movie
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and in a nutshell the answer is sadly yes in study after study we find that liberals and conservatives have grown further apart they increasingly wall themselves off in these ideological silos consuming different news talking only to like minded others and more and more choosing to live in different parts of the country and i think that most alarming of all of it is seeing this rising animosity on both sides
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right you know the kind there's people wandering around in packs not thinking for themselves seized by this mob mentality trying to spread their disease and destroy society and you probably think as i do that you're the good guy in the zombie apocalypse movie and all this hate and polarization it's being propagated by the other people because we're brad pitt right free thinking righteous just trying to hold on to what we hold dear you know not foot soldiers in the army of the not that
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i met recently with a group of ethiopian activists and they told me something that i hear a lot they said they'd already tried nonviolent action and it hadn't worked years ago they held a protest the government arrested everyone and that was the end of that the idea that nonviolent struggle is equivalent to street protests is a real problem because although protests can be a great way to show that people want change on their own they don't actually create change at least change that is fundamental
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of methods that can be used to do this my colleague and mentor gene sharp has identified methods of nonviolent action and protest is only one let me give you a recent example until a few months ago guatemala was ruled by corrupt former military officials with ties to organized crime people were generally aware of this but most of them felt powerless to do anything about it until one group of citizens just regular people put out a call on to their friends to meet in the central plaza holding signs with a message ya resign already to their surprise people showed up they stayed there for months as protests spread throughout the country at one point the organizers delivered hundreds of eggs to various government buildings with a message if you don't have the the balls to stop corrupt candidates from running for office you can borrow ours
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and the activists realized that they couldn't just keep protesting and ask the president to resign they needed to leave him no choice so they organized a general strike in which people throughout the country refused to work in guatemala city alone over businesses and schools shut their doors meanwhile farmers throughout the country blocked major roads within five days the president along with dozens of other government officials resigned already i've been greatly inspired by the creativity and bravery of people using nonviolent action in nearly every country in the world for example recently a group of activists in uganda released a crate of pigs in the streets you can see here that the police are confused about what to do with them
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the pigs were painted the color of the ruling party one pig was even wearing a hat a hat that people recognized
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those early experiences had a major impact on how i now think about war and conflict i learned that when people have a fundamental issue at stake for most of them giving in is not an option for these types conflicts when people's rights are violated when their countries are occupied when they're oppressed and humiliated they need a powerful way to resist and to fight back which means that no matter how destructive and terrible violence is if people see it as their only choice they will use it
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they can disrupt the economy through strikes and boycotts and they can challenge government propaganda by creating alternative media there are a variety of methods that can be used to do this my colleague and mentor gene sharp has identified methods of nonviolent action
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yet this is how most of the world's nonviolent movements operate nonviolent struggle is just as complex as military warfare if not more its participants must be well trained and have clear objectives and its leaders must have a strategy of how to achieve those objectives the technique of war has been developed over thousands of years with massive resources and some of our best minds dedicated to understanding and improving how it works
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the technique of war has been developed over thousands of years with massive resources and some of our best minds dedicated to understanding and improving how it works meanwhile nonviolent struggle is rarely systematically studied and even though the number is growing there are still only a few dozen people in the world who are teaching it this is dangerous because we now know that our old approaches of dealing with conflict are not adequate for the new challenges that we're facing the us government recently admitted that it's in a stalemate in its war against isis but what most people don't know is that people have stood up to isis using nonviolent action when isis captured mosul in june they announced that they were putting in place a new public school curriculum based on their own extremist ideology but on the first day of school not a single child showed up parents simply refused to send them
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however one caveat before i begin my data are really depressing so i want to apologize in advance because i'm going to put you all in a really bad mood but i'm going to bring it up at the end and i'm going to present a silver lining to fix this mess that we've been in for a very very long time so let's start with the gravity of the situation each year my research team examines the top grossing films in the united states what we do is we look at every speaking or named character on screen now to count in one of my investigations all a character has to do is say one word this is a very low bar
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now when we move from prevalence to protagonist the story is still problematic out of a hundred films last year only featured a female lead or driving the action only three out of a hundred films featured an underrepresented female driving the story and only one diverse woman that was years of age or older at the time of theatrical release now let's look at portrayal in addition to the numbers you just saw females are far more likely to be in film than their male counterparts matter of fact they're about three times as likely to be shown in sexually revealing clothing partially naked and they're far more likely to be thin now sometimes in animation females are so thin that their waist size approximates the circumference of their upper arm
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the first is what i call just add five did you know if we looked at the top films next year and simply added five female speaking characters on screen to each of those films it would create a new norm if we were to do this for three contiguous years we would be at gender parity for the first time in over a half of a century now this approach is advantageous for a variety of reasons one it doesn't take away jobs for male actors heaven forbid
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i'm here to talk about movies now in all seriousness movies are actually really important in film we can be wildly entertained and we can also be transported through storytelling storytelling is so important
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in film we can be wildly entertained and we can also be transported through storytelling storytelling is so important stories tell us what societies value they offer us lessons and they share and preserve our history stories are amazing but stories don't give everyone the same opportunity to appear within them particularly not stories compartmentalized in the form of american movies in film interestingly enough females are still erased and marginalized in a lot of our stories and i learned this for the first time about years ago when i did my first study on gender role in g rated films since then we've conducted more than investigations my team is tired
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thus far we've looked at movies from to cataloguing every speaking character on screen for gender race ethnicity and characters with a disability let's take a look at really some problematic trends first females are still noticeably absent on screen in film across movies and speaking characters less than a third of all roles go to girls and women less than a third there's been no change from to and if you compare our results to a small sample of films from to there's been no change in over a half of a century
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or is it it's actually not films directors only percent are women only three are african american or black and only one woman was asian so why is it so difficult to have female directors if they're part of the solution well to answer this question we conducted a study we interviewed dozens of industry insiders and asked them about directors turns out both male and female executives when they think director they think male they perceive the traits of leadership to be masculine in nature
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now what parallel universe do you suppose i live in well i don't live in a parallel universe i live in the world and that is how the world voted so let me take you back and explain what i mean by that in june this year i launched something called the global vote and the global vote does exactly what it says on the tin
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first of all it's been fantastic being here over these past few days and secondly i feel it's a great honor to kind of wind up this extraordinary gathering of people these amazing talks that we've had i feel that i've fitted in in many ways to some of the things that i've heard i came directly here from the deep deep tropical rainforest in ecuador where i was out you could only get there by a plane with indigenous people with paint on their faces and parrot feathers on their headdresses where these people are fighting to try and keep the oil companies and keep the roads out of their forests they're fighting to develop their own way of living within the forest in a world that's clean a world that isn't contaminated a world that isn't polluted and what was so amazing to me and what fits right in with what we're all talking about here at ted is that there right in the middle of this rainforest was some solar panels the first in that part of ecuador and that was mainly to bring water up by pump so that the women wouldn't have to go down the water was cleaned but because they got a lot of batteries they were able to store a lot of electricity so every house and there were i think eight houses in this little community could have light for i think it was about half an hour each evening and there is the chief in all his regal finery with a laptop computer
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so here we are a chimpanzee using a computer chimpanzees gorillas orangutans also learn human sign language but the point is that when i was first in in i remember so well so vividly as though it was yesterday the first time when i was going through the vegetation the chimpanzees were still running away from me for the most part although some were a little bit and i saw this dark shape hunched over a termite mound and i peered with my binoculars it was fortunately one adult male whom i'd named david and by the way science at that time was telling me that i shouldn't name the chimps they should all have numbers that was more scientific anyway david and i saw that he was picking little pieces of grass and using them to fish termites from their underground nest and not only that he would sometimes pick a leafy twig and strip the leaves modifying an object to make it suitable for a specific purpose the beginning of tool making the reason this was so exciting and such a breakthrough is at that time it was thought that humans and only humans used and made tools when i was at school we were defined as man the toolmaker so that when louis leakey my mentor heard this news he said ah we must now redefine redefine or accept chimpanzees as humans
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we want to know about health care we want to know about what other people do we're interested in it and we want to learn other languages we want to know english and french and perhaps chinese and we're good at languages so there he is with his little laptop computer but fighting against the might of the pressures because of the debt the foreign debt of ecuador fighting the pressure of world bank and of course the people who want to exploit the forests and take out the oil and so coming directly from there to here
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i'm a historian steve told us about the future of little technology i'm going to show you some of the past of big technology this was a project to build a nuclear bomb propelled spaceship and go to saturn and jupiter this took place in my childhood it was deeply classified i'm going to show you some stuff that not only has not been declassified but has now been reclassified
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that's me and my sister esther who's a frequent i didn't like nuclear bomb propelled spaceships i mean i thought it was a great idea but i started building kayaks so we had a few kayaks just so you know that i am not dr strangelove but all the time i was out there doing these strange kayak voyages in odd beautiful parts of this planet i always thought in the back of my mind about project orion and how my father and his friends were going to build these big ships they were actually going to go ted taylor who led the project was going to take his children my father was not going to take his children that was one of the reasons we sort of had a falling out for a few years
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the air force started to build smaller models and actually started doing this the guys in la jolla said we've got to get started now they built a high explosive propelled model these are stills from film footage that was saved by someone who was supposed to destroy it but didn't and kept it in their basement for the last years so these are three pound charges of c4 that's about times what the guy had in his shoes
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so all my life i have wanted to find this stuff out and spent the last four years tracking these old guys down these are stills from the video jeff kindly yesterday said he'll put this video up on the amazon site some little clip of it so thanks to him they got quite serious about the engineering of this the size of that mass for us is really large technology in a way we're never going to go back to if you saw the this is what it would feel like in the passenger compartment that's acceleration profile
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and pulse system yield we're looking at yield for an effective thrust of million well here we have a little problem the radiation doses at the crew station per shot
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they were hoping to get clean bombs they didn't this is what happens to the people in miami who are looking up
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trips to satellites of the outer planets august these are the statistics of what would be the good places to go and stop some of the sizes of the ships ranging all the way up to ship mass of million tons so that was the outer extreme here was version two bombs these are five yield bombs about the size of small volkswagens it would take to get into orbit
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here was version two bombs these are five yield bombs about the size of small volkswagens it would take to get into orbit here we see a ship will deliver tons to saturn and back essentially a five year trip possible departure dates october to february these are going to mars all this was done by hand with slide rules the little orion ship and what it would take to do what orion does with chemicals you have a ship the size of the empire state building nasa had no interest they tried to kill the project the people who supported it were the air force which meant that it was all secret
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nasa had no interest they tried to kill the project the people who supported it were the air force which meant that it was all secret and that's why when you get something declassified that's what it looks like military weapon versions that carried hydrogen bombs that could destroy half the planet there's another version there that sends retaliatory strikes at the soviet union this is the really secret stuff how to get directed energy explosions so you're sending the energy of a nuclear explosion not like just a stick of dynamite but you're directing it at the ship and this is still a very active subject it's quite dangerous but i believe it's better to have dangerous things in the open than think you're going to keep them secret
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they liked it because the guys could kind of live there and be like it's like living in a submarine this is crew compartment it switches so what's upside down is right side up when you go to artificial gravity mode the scientists were still going to go along they would take seven astronauts and seven scientists this is a version for going to jupiter bunks storm cellars exercise room you know it was going to be a nice long trip the air force version here we have a military version this is the kind of stuff that's not been declassified just that people managed to sneak home and after you know on their deathbed basically gave me that the sort of artist conceptions
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but we used lots of cheats and shortcuts we basically put something together to get through the meeting i'll roll that for you now this was the first test for benjamin button and in here you can see that's a computer generated head pretty good attached to the body of an actor and it worked and it gave the studio great relief after many years of starts and stops on this project and making that tough decision they finally decided to the movie and i can remember actually when i got the phone call to congratulate us to say the movie was a go i actually threw up
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we got everybody together and it was really more like therapy in the beginning convincing each other and reassuring each other that we could actually undertake this we had to hold up an hour of a movie with a character and it's not a special effects film it has to be a man we really felt like we were in a kind of a program and of course the first step is admit you've got a problem
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this is when we're like ok we're going to be ok this is actually going to work and the aha was what if we could take brad pitt and we could put brad in this device and use this contour process and we could on this makeup and put him under the black lights and we could in fact scan him in real time performing poses right so effectively we ended up with a database of everything brad pitt's face is capable of doing
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of disease what kind of disease i was born old i'm sorry no need to be there's nothing wrong with old age
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maybe not you're different than anybody i've ever met there were many changes some you could see some you couldn't hair started growing in all sorts of places along with other things i felt pretty good considering
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i'm a tourism entrepreneur and a but this is not how i started when i was seven years old i remember watching television and seeing people throwing rocks and thinking this must be a fun thing to do so i got out to the street and threw rocks not realizing i was supposed to throw rocks at israeli cars instead i ended up stoning my neighbors' cars
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is my picture with my brother this is me the little one and i know what you're thinking you used to look cute what the heck happened to you but my brother who is older than me was arrested when he was taken to prison on charges of throwing stones he was beaten up when he refused to confess that he threw stones and as a result had internal injuries that caused his death soon after he was released from prison i was angry i was bitter and all i wanted was revenge but that changed when i was
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