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can you feel it de yeah actually this was the first time i felt applause on the vest it's nice it's like a massage
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we are built out of very small stuff and we are embedded in a very large cosmos and the fact is that we are not very good at understanding reality at either of those scales and that's because our brains haven't evolved to understand the world at that scale instead we're trapped on this very thin slice of perception right in the middle but it gets strange because even at that slice of reality that we call home we're not seeing most of the action that's going on so take the colors of our world this is light waves electromagnetic radiation that bounces off objects and it hits specialized receptors in the back of our eyes but we're not seeing all the waves out there
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this is light waves electromagnetic radiation that bounces off objects and it hits specialized receptors in the back of our eyes but we're not seeing all the waves out there in fact what we see is less than a of what's out there so you have radio waves and microwaves and x rays and gamma rays passing through your body right now and you're completely unaware of it because you don't come with the proper biological receptors for picking it up there are thousands of cell phone conversations passing through you right now and you're utterly blind to it now it's not that these things are inherently snakes include some infrared in their reality and honeybees include ultraviolet in their view of the world and of course we build machines in the dashboards of our cars to pick up on signals in the radio frequency range and we built machines in hospitals to pick up on the x ray range but you can't sense any of those by yourself at least not yet because you don't come equipped with the proper sensors now what this means is that our experience of reality is constrained by our biology and that goes against the common sense notion that our eyes and our ears and our fingertips are just picking up the objective reality that's out there
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so we already know that we can marry our technology to our biology because there are hundreds of thousands of people walking around with artificial hearing and artificial vision so the way this works is you take a microphone and you digitize the signal and you put an electrode strip directly into the inner ear or with the retinal implant you take a camera and you digitize the signal and then you plug an electrode grid directly into the optic nerve and as recently as years ago there were a lot of scientists who thought these technologies wouldn't work why it's because these technologies speak the language of silicon valley and it's not exactly the same dialect as our natural biological sense organs but the fact is that it works the brain figures out how to use the signals just fine now how do we understand that well here's the big secret your brain is not hearing or seeing any of this your brain is locked in a vault of silence and darkness inside your skull
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now how do we understand that well here's the big secret your brain is not hearing or seeing any of this your brain is locked in a vault of silence and darkness inside your skull all it ever sees are electrochemical signals that come in along different data cables and this is all it has to work with and nothing more now amazingly the brain is really good at taking in these signals and extracting patterns and assigning meaning so that it takes this inner cosmos and puts together a story of this your subjective world but here's the key point your brain doesn't know and it doesn't care where it gets the data from whatever information comes in it just figures out what to do with it and this is a very efficient kind of machine it's essentially a general purpose computing device and it just takes in everything and figures out what it's going to do with it and that i think frees up mother nature to tinker around with different sorts of input channels so i call this the p
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the revolution in education is happening in our schools with adults who provide love structure support and knowledge these are the things that inspire children but it is not an easy task and there are high demands within an education system that is not perfect but i have a dynamic group of educators who collaborate as a team to determine what is the best curriculum they take time beyond their school day and come in on weekends and even use their own money to often provide resources when we do not have it and as the principal i have to inspect what i expect so i show up in classes and i conduct observations to give feedback because i want my teachers to be just as successful as the name mott hall bridges academy and i give them access to me every single day which is why they all have my personal cell number including my scholars and those who graduated which is probably why i get phone calls and text messages at three o'clock in the morning
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in my goal was simple open a school to close a prison now to some this was an audacious goal because our school is located in the brownsville section of brooklyn one of the most underserved and violent neighborhoods in all of new york city like many urban schools with high poverty rates we face numerous challenges like finding teachers who can empathize with the complexities of a disadvantaged community lack of funding for technology low parental involvement and neighborhood gangs that recruit children as early as fourth grade so here i was the founding principal of a middle school that was a district public school and i only had kids to start thirty percent of them had special needs eighty six percent of them were below grade level in english and in math
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children assume permission in a very different way children live on things they live under things they live around things and so their spatial awareness relationship and their thinking around storage is totally different so the first thing you have to do this is graham the designer is sort of put yourself in their shoes and so here he is sitting under the table so what came out of this this is the storage system that he designed so what is this i hear you all ask no i don't
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it's this and i think this is a particularly lovely solution so you know it's a totally different way of looking at the situation it's a completely solution apart from the fact that teddy's probably not loving it
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actually that's hello in bauer for the hysterical amongst us one of the threads that seems to have come through loud and clear in the last couple of days is this need to reconcile what the big wants the big being the organization the system the country and what the small wants the individual the person and how do you bring those two things together charlie ledbetter yesterday i thought talked very about this need to bring consumers to bring people into the process of creating things and that's what i want to talk about today
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i call this first chapter for the brits in the room the blinding glimpse of the bleeding obvious often the good ideas are so staring that you kind of miss them and i think a lot of times what we do is just sort of hold the mirror up to our clients and sort of go duh you know look what's really going on and rather than talk about it in the theory i think i'm just going to show you an example we were asked by a large healthcare system in minnesota to describe to them what their patient experience was
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here's the go that we built together that's me behind the wheel with my sister and my best friend at the time and one day he came home when i was about years old and at the dinner table he announced that for our next project we were going to build a robot a robot now i was thrilled about this because at school there was a bully named kevin and he was picking on me because i was the only jewish kid in class so i couldn't wait to get started to work on this so i could introduce kevin to my robot
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so they could see what she was seeing but then more importantly they could participate by interacting with each other and coming up with ideas about what she should do next and where she should go and then conveying those to the tele actor so we got a chance to take the tele actor to the awards in san francisco and that year sam donaldson was the host just before the curtain went up i had about seconds to explain to mr donaldson what we were going to do and i said the tele actor is going to be joining you onstage this is a new experimental project and people are watching her on their screens there's cameras involved and there's microphones and she's got an in her ear and people over the network are giving her advice about what to do next and he said wait a second that's what i do
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we were totally surprised we had no idea that would happen and he was great he just gave her a big hug in return and it worked out great but that night as we were packing up i asked the tele actor how did the tele directors decide that they would give a kiss to sam donaldson and she said they hadn't she said when she was just about to walk onstage the tele directors still were trying to agree on what to do and so she just walked onstage and did what felt most natural
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so the success of the tele actor that night was due to the fact that she was a wonderful actor she knew when to trust her instincts and so that project taught me another lesson about life which is that when in doubt improvise
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and the field of robotics has gotten much better over time nowadays high school students can build robots like the industrial robot my dad and i tried to build but it's very now and now i have a daughter named odessa she's eight years old and she likes robots too maybe it runs in the family
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so dad continued to do this kind of work by hand and a few years later he was diagnosed with cancer
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you see what the robot we were trying to build was telling him was not about doing the heavy lifting it was a warning about his exposure to the toxic chemicals he didn't recognize that at the time and he contracted leukemia and he died at the age of i was devastated by this and i never forgot the robot that he and i tried to build when i was at college i decided to study engineering like him
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and i never forgot the robot that he and i tried to build when i was at college i decided to study engineering like him and i went to carnegie mellon and i earned my in robotics i've been studying robots ever since so what i'd like to tell you about are four robot projects and how they've inspired me to be a better human by i was a young professor at and i was just building up my own robotics lab and this was the year the world wide web came out and i remember my students were the ones who told me about it and we would we were just amazed we started playing with this and that afternoon we realized that we could use this new universal interface to allow anyone in the world to operate the robot in our lab so rather than have it fight or do industrial work we decided to build a planter put the robot into the center of it and we called it the
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so rather than have it fight or do industrial work we decided to build a planter put the robot into the center of it and we called it the and we had put a camera in the of the hand of the robot and we wrote some special scripts and software so that anyone in the world could come in and by clicking on the screen they could move the robot around and visit the garden but we also set up some other software that lets you participate and help us water the garden remotely and if you watered it a few times we'd give you your own seed to plant now this was an engineering project and we published some papers on the system design of it but we also thought of it as an art installation it was invited after the first year by the museum in austria to have it installed in their lobby and i'm happy to say it remained online there hours a day for almost nine years that robot was operated by more people than any other robot in history
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this was right about the time that i was offered a position here at berkeley and when i got here i looked up hubert dreyfus who's a world renowned professor of philosophy and i talked with him about this and he said this is one of the oldest and most central problems in philosophy
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so because we were interested more in the system design and the user interface than in the hardware we decided that rather than have a robot replace the human to go to the party we'd have a human replace the robot we called it the tele actor we got a human someone who's very outgoing and gregarious and she was outfitted with a helmet with various equipment cameras and microphones and then a backpack with wireless internet connection and the idea was that she could go into a remote and interesting environment and then over the internet people could experience what she was experiencing so they could see what she was seeing but then more importantly they could participate by interacting with each other and coming up with ideas about what she should do next and where she should go and then conveying those to the tele actor so we got a chance to take the tele actor to the awards in san francisco
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so it's very common that some of the needles penetrate sensitive organs and as a result the needles damage these organs cause damage which leads to trauma and side effects
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so by questioning this assumption that all the needles have to be parallel this project also taught me an important lesson when in doubt when your path is blocked pivot and the last project also has to do with medical robotics
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so what we proposed was let's create a new body let's create a robotic vest and that's exactly why juliano could kick that ball just by thinking because he was wearing the first brain controlled robotic vest that can be used by paraplegic quadriplegic patients to move and to regain feedback that was the original idea years ago what i'm going to show you is how people from countries all over the five continents of this beautiful earth dropped their lives dropped their patents dropped their dogs wives kids school jobs and congregated to come to brazil for months to actually get this done because a couple years after brazil was awarded the world cup we heard that the brazilian government wanted to do something meaningful in the opening ceremony in the country that reinvented and perfected soccer until we met the germans of course
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but what brazil wanted to do is to showcase a completely different country a country that values science and technology and can give a gift to millions million people around the world that cannot move any longer because of a spinal cord injury well we went to the brazilian government and to and proposed well let's have the kickoff of the world cup be given by a brazilian paraplegic using a brain controlled exoskeleton that allows him to kick the ball and to feel the contact of the ball they looked at us thought that we were completely nuts and said okay let's try we had months to do everything from zero from scratch we had no exoskeleton we had no patients we had nothing done these people came all together and in months we got eight patients in a of training and basically built from nothing this guy that we call bra santos dumont the first brain controlled exoskeleton to be built was named after the most famous brazilian scientist ever alberto santos dumont who on october created and flew himself the first controlled airship on air in paris for a million people to see sorry my american friends i live in north carolina but it was two years before the wright brothers flew on the coast of north carolina flight control is brazilian
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well we took this to a little higher limit by getting monkeys to collaborate mentally in a brain net basically to donate their brain activity and combine them to move the virtual arm that i showed you before and what you see here is the first time the two monkeys combine their brains synchronize their brains perfectly to get this virtual arm to move one monkey is controlling the x dimension the other monkey is controlling the y dimension but it gets a little more interesting when you get three monkeys in there and you ask one monkey to control x and y the other monkey to control y and z and the third one to control x and z and you make them all play the game together moving the arm in into a target to get the famous brazilian orange juice and they actually do the black dot is the average of all these brains working in parallel in real time that is the definition of a biological computer interacting by brain activity and achieving a motor goal where is this going we have no idea we're just scientists
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on june precisely at in a balmy winter afternoon in so paulo brazil a typical south american winter afternoon this kid this young man that you see celebrating here like he had scored a goal juliano pinto years old accomplished a magnificent deed despite being paralyzed and not having any sensation from mid chest to the tip of his toes as the result of a car crash six years ago that killed his brother and produced a complete spinal cord lesion that left juliano in a wheelchair juliano rose to the occasion and on this day did something that pretty much everybody that saw him in the six years deemed impossible juliano pinto delivered the opening kick of the brazilian world soccer cup here just by thinking he could not move his body but he could imagine the movements needed to kick a ball he was an athlete before the lesion he's a para athlete right now
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he was an athlete before the lesion he's a para athlete right now he's going to be in the paralympic games i hope in a couple years but what the spinal cord lesion did not rob from juliano was his ability to dream and dream he did that afternoon for a stadium of about people and an audience of close to a billion watching on tv and that kick crowned basically years of basic research studying how the brain how this amazing universe that we have between our ears that is only comparable to universe that we have above our head because it has about billion elements talking to each other through electrical what juliano accomplished took years to imagine in laboratories and about years to plan when john chapin and i years ago proposed in a paper that we would build something that we called a brain machine interface meaning connecting a brain to devices so that animals and humans could just move these devices no matter how far they are from their own bodies just by imagining what they want to do our colleagues told us that we actually needed professional help of the psychiatry variety and despite that a scot and a brazilian persevered because that's how we were raised in our respective countries and for years we made demonstration after demonstration suggesting that this was possible and a brain machine interface is not rocket science it's just brain research
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brain machine interface is not rocket science it's just brain research it's nothing but using sensors to read the electrical that a brain is producing to generate the motor commands that have to be downloaded to the spinal cord so we projected sensors that can read hundreds and now thousands of these brain cells simultaneously and extract from these electrical signals the motor planning that the brain is generating to actually make us move into space and by doing that we converted these signals into digital commands that any mechanical electronic or even a virtual device can understand so that the subject can imagine what he she or it wants to make move and the device obeys that brain command by these devices with lots of different types of sensors as you are going to see in a moment we actually sent messages back to the brain to confirm that that voluntary motor will was being enacted no matter where next to the subject next door or across the planet and as this message gave feedback back to the brain the brain realized its goal to make us move so this is just one experiment that we published a few years ago where a monkey without moving its body learned to control the movements of an arm a virtual arm that doesn't exist what you're listening to is the sound of the brain of this monkey as it explores three different visually identical spheres in virtual space and to get a reward a drop of orange juice that monkeys love this animal has to detect select one of these objects by touching not by seeing it by touching it because every time this virtual hand touches one of the objects an electrical pulse goes back to the brain of the animal describing the fine texture of the surface of this object so the animal can judge what is the correct object that he has to grab and if he does that he gets a reward without moving a muscle
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once upon a time at the age of i was a student at st john's medical college in bangalore i was a guest student during one month of a public health course and that changed my mindset forever the course was good but it was not the course content in itself that changed the mindset it was the brutal realization the first morning that the indian students were better than me
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you see i was a study nerd i loved statistics from a young age and i studied very much in sweden i used to be in the upper quarter of all courses i attended but in st john's i was in the lower quarter and the fact was that indian students studied harder than we did in sweden they read the textbook twice or three times or four times in sweden we read it once and then we went partying
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but i will start with a historical background and you can see my map if i get it up here you know i will start at was a year of great technological advancement in the west that was the year when queen victoria was able for the first time to communicate with president buchanan through the transatlantic cable and they were the first to
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the geographical macro geographical difference is not so big pradesh the biggest of the states here is poorer and has a lower health than the rest of india kerala is flying on top there matching united states in health but not in economy and here maharashtra with is forging forward now in india the big inequities are within the state rather than between the states and that is not a bad thing in itself if you have a lot inequity macro geographical inequities can be more difficult in the long term to deal with than if it is in the same area where you have a growth center relatively close to where poor people are living no there is one more inequity look there united states
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this is japan coming up you see japan did it like that we add japan to it and there is no doubt that fast catch up can take place can you see here what japan did japan did it like this until full catch up and then they follow with the other high income economies but the real projections for those ones i would like to give it like this can be worse can be better it's always difficult to predict especially about the future now a historian tells me it's even more difficult to predict about the past
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what i'm really worried about is war will the former rich countries really accept a completely changed world economy and a shift of power away from where it has been the last to to years back to asia and will asia be able to handle that new position of being in charge of being the most mighty and the governors of the world so always avoid war because that always pushes human beings backward now if these inequalities climate and war can be avoided get ready for a world in equity because this is what seems to be happening and that vision that i got as a young student that indians can be much better than swedes is just about to happen and it will happen precisely the year in the later part of the summer in july more precisely the of july the of july is my birthday
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it's not the statistics although i tried to make it funny and i will now here onstage try to predict when that will happen that asia will regain its dominant position as the leading part of the world as it used to be over thousands of years
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those are nice words but i got sort of curious of what he meant with liberty and liberty for whom and we will think about that when we look at the wider picture of the world in because was also watershed year in the history of asia was the year when the courageous uprising against the foreign occupation of india was defeated by the british forces
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in china was the victory in the opium war by the british forces and that meant that foreigners as it said in the treaty were allowed to trade freely in china it meant paying with opium for chinese goods and in japan was the year when japan had to sign the harris treaty and accept trade on favorable condition for the u s and they were threatened by those black ships there that had been in tokyo harbor over the last year but japan in contrast to india and china maintained its national sovereignty and let's see how much difference that can make
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and we will see you know look here india was here china was here japan was there united states and united kingdom was richer over there and i will start the world like this india was not always like this level actually if we go back into the historical record there was a time hundreds of years ago when the income per person in india and china was even above that of europe but had already been many many years of foreign domination and india had been de industrialized and you can see that the countries who were growing their economy was united states and united kingdom
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actually if we go back into the historical record there was a time hundreds of years ago when the income per person in india and china was even above that of europe but had already been many many years of foreign domination and india had been de industrialized and you can see that the countries who were growing their economy was united states and united kingdom and they were also by the end of the century getting healthy and japan was starting to catch up india was trying down here can you see how it starts to move there but really really natural sovereignty was good for japan and japan is trying to move up there and it's the new century now health is getting better united kingdom united states
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it's the new century now health is getting better united kingdom united states but careful now we are approaching the first world war and the first world war you know we'll see a lot of deaths and economical problems here united kingdom is going down and now comes the spanish flu also and then after the first world war they continue up still under foreign domination and without sovereignty india and china are down in the corner not much has happened
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what is truer than truth answer the story i'm a storyteller i want to convey something that is truer than truth about our common humanity all stories interest me and some haunt me until i end up writing them certain themes keep coming up justice loyalty violence death political and social issues freedom i'm aware of the mystery around us so i write about coincidences emotions dreams the power of nature magic in the last years i have published a few books but i have lived in anonymity until february of when i carried the olympic flag in the winter olympics in italy that made me a celebrity now people recognize me in macy's and my grandchildren think that i'm cool
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one of the organizers of the olympic ceremony of the opening ceremony called me and said that i had been selected to be one of the flag bearers i replied that surely this was a case of mistaken identity because i'm as far as you can get from being an athlete actually i wasn't even sure that i could go around the stadium without a walker
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lives here isn't it always true heart is what drives us and determines our fate that is what i need for my characters in my books a passionate heart i need mavericks dissidents adventurers outsiders and rebels who ask questions bend the rules and take risks people like all of you in this room nice people with common sense do not make interesting characters
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and by doing so she has changed the soil the weather in some places in africa and of course the economic conditions in many villages and mam a cambodian activist who fights passionately against child prostitution when she was years old her grandfather sold her to a brothel she told us of little girls raped by men who believe that having sex with a very young virgin will cure them from aids and of brothels where children are forced to receive five clients per day and if they rebel they are tortured with electricity in the green room i received my uniform it was not the kind of outfit that i normally wear but it was far from the michelin man suit that i had anticipated not bad really i looked like a refrigerator
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sophia is over and she looks great she's sexy slim and tall with a deep tan now how can you have a deep tan and have no wrinkles i don't know when asked in a tv interview how could she look so good she replied posture my back is always straight and i don't make old people's noises
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sophia is over and she looks great she's sexy slim and tall with a deep tan now how can you have a deep tan and have no wrinkles i don't know when asked in a tv interview how could she look so good she replied posture my back is always straight and i don't make old people's noises so there you have some free advice from one of the most beautiful women on earth no grunting no coughing no wheezing no talking to yourselves no
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at some point around midnight we were summoned to the wings of the stadium and the loudspeakers announced the olympic flag and the music started by the way the same music that starts here the aida march sophia loren was right in front of me she's a foot taller than i am not counting the hair
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in swahili means great love the protagonists of my books are strong and passionate women like rose i don't make them up there's no need for that i look around and i see them everywhere i have worked with women and for women all my life i know them well i was born in ancient times at the end of the world in a patriarchal catholic and conservative family no wonder that by age five i was a raging feminist although the term had not reached chile yet so nobody knew what the heck was wrong with me
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we had a memorable fight feminism is dated yes for privileged women like my daughter and all of us here today but not for most of our sisters in the rest of the world who are still forced into premature marriage prostitution forced labor they have children that they don't want or they cannot feed they have no control over their bodies or their lives they have no education and no freedom they are raped beaten up and sometimes killed with impunity for most western young women of today being called a feminist is an insult feminism has never been sexy but let me assure you that it never stopped me from flirting and i have seldom suffered from lack of men
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they all deserved to win but there's the element of luck a speck of snow an inch of ice the force of the wind can determine the result of a race or a game however what matters most more than training or luck is the heart only a fearless and determined heart will get the gold medal
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and by doing so she has changed the soil the weather in some places in africa and of course the economic conditions in many villages and mam a cambodian activist who fights passionately against child prostitution when she was years old her grandfather sold her to a brothel
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so here's a tale of passion the year is the place is a prison camp for tutsi refugees in congo by the way percent of all refugees and displaced people in the world are women and girls we can call this place in congo a death camp because those who are not killed will die of disease or starvation
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by the way percent of all refugees and displaced people in the world are women and girls we can call this place in congo a death camp because those who are not killed will die of disease or starvation the protagonists of this story are a young woman rose and her children she's pregnant and a widow soldiers have forced her to watch as her husband was tortured and killed somehow she manages to keep her seven children alive and a few months later she gives birth to premature twins two tiny little boys she cuts the umbilical cord with a stick and ties it with her own hair she names the twins after the camp's commanders to gain their favor and feeds them with black tea because her milk cannot sustain them
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the place is a small women's clinic in a village in bangladesh the year is jenny is a young american dental hygienist who has gone to the clinic as a volunteer during her three week vacation she's prepared to clean teeth but when she gets there she finds out that there are no doctors no dentists and the clinic is just a hut full of flies outside there is a line of women who have waited several hours to be treated the first patient is in excruciating pain because she has several rotten jenny realizes that the only solution is to pull out the bad teeth she's not licensed for that she has never done it she risks a lot and she's terrified
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she's not licensed for that she has never done it she risks a lot and she's terrified she doesn't even have the proper instruments but fortunately she has brought some jenny has a brave and passionate heart she murmurs a prayer and she goes ahead with the operation at the end the relieved patient kisses her hands that day the hygienist pulls out many more teeth the next morning when she comes again to the so called clinic her first patient is waiting for her with her husband the woman's face looks like a watermelon
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the next morning when she comes again to the so called clinic her first patient is waiting for her with her husband the woman's face looks like a watermelon it is so swollen that you can't even see the eyes the husband furious threatens to kill the american jenny is horrified at what she has done but then the translator explains that the patient's condition has nothing to do with the operation the day before her husband beat her up because she was not home in time to prepare dinner for him millions of women live like this today they are the poorest of the poor although women do two thirds of the world's labor they own less than one percent of the world's assets
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they are the poorest of the poor although women do two thirds of the world's labor they own less than one percent of the world's assets they are paid less than men for the same work if they're paid at all and they remain vulnerable because they have no economic independence and they are constantly threatened by exploitation violence and abuse it is a fact that giving women education work the ability to control their own income inherit and own property benefits the society if a woman is empowered her children and her family will be better off if families prosper the village prospers and eventually so does the whole country goes to a village in kenya she talks with the women and explains that the land is barren because they have cut and sold the trees she gets the women to plant new trees and water them drop by drop
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she talks with the women and explains that the land is barren because they have cut and sold the trees she gets the women to plant new trees and water them drop by drop in a matter of five or six years they have a forest the soil is enriched and the village is saved the poorest and most backward societies are always those that put women down yet this obvious truth is ignored by governments and also by philanthropy for every dollar given to a women's program dollars are given to men's programs women are percent of humankind empowering them will change everything more than technology and design and entertainment i can promise you that women working together linked informed and educated can bring peace and prosperity to this forsaken planet
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what kind of world do we want this is a fundamental question that most of us are asking does it make sense to participate in the existing world order we want a world where life is preserved and the quality of life is enriched for everybody not only for the privileged in january i saw an exhibit of fernando paintings at the berkeley library no museum or gallery in the united states except for the new york gallery that carries work has dared to show the paintings because the theme is the abu prison they are huge paintings of torture and abuse of power in the voluminous botero style i have not been able to get those images out of my mind or my heart what i fear most is power with impunity i fear abuse of power and the power to abuse in our species the alpha males define reality and force the rest of the pack to accept that reality and follow the rules
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but given a choice i would rather have the warrior hearts of mam jenny and rose i want to make this world good not better but to make it good why not it is possible look around in this room all this knowledge energy talent and technology
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for the first time i was exposed to the internet social media cars that talk like kitt from knight rider but the thing that fascinated me the most was phone technology see when i went to prison our car phones were this big and required two people to carry them so imagine what it was like when i first grabbed my little blackberry and i started learning how to text but the thing is the people around me they didn't realize that i had no idea what all these abbreviated texts meant like until one day i was having a conversation with one of my friends via text and i asked him to do something and he responded back k and i was like what is k and he was like k is okay so in my head i was like well what the hell is wrong with k and so i text him a question mark and he said k okay and so i tap back fu
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see when i went to prison our car phones were this big and required two people to carry them so imagine what it was like when i first grabbed my little blackberry and i started learning how to text but the thing is the people around me they didn't realize that i had no idea what all these abbreviated texts meant like until one day i was having a conversation with one of my friends via text and i asked him to do something and he responded back k and i was like what is k and he was like k is okay so in my head i was like well what the hell is wrong with k and so i text him a question mark and he said k okay and so i tap back fu and then he texts back and he asks me why was i cussing him out and i said fu as in i finally understand
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twenty three years ago at the age of i shot and killed a man i was a young drug dealer with a quick temper and a semi automatic pistol but that wasn't the end of my story in fact it was beginning and the years since is a story of acknowledgment apology and atonement but it didn't happen in the way that you might imagine or think these things occurred in my life in a way that was surprising especially to me
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see like many of you growing up i was an honor roll student a scholarship student with dreams of becoming a doctor but things went dramatically wrong when my parents separated and eventually divorced the actual events are pretty straightforward at the age of i got shot three times standing on the corner of my block in detroit my friend rushed me to the hospital doctors pulled the bullets out patched me up and sent me back to the same neighborhood where i got shot throughout this ordeal no one hugged me no one counseled me no one told me i would be okay
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and then i waited and then i had that funny feeling where i wondered if i crossed the line so i sent out a few other about my own country and a few other african countries i'm familiar with and then i waited again but this time i read through almost every tweet i had ever to convince myself no to remind myself that i'm really funny and that if nobody gets it that's fine but luckily i didn't have to do that for very long very soon people were participating in fact by the end of that week in july the would have garnered around lit up the continent and made its way to publications all over the world people were using the to do many different things to poke fun at their stereotypes nigeria would be outside explaining that he will pay the entrance fee all he needs is the account details
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of course this luxury was not available to everybody so this meant that if you were a teenage girl in botswana and you wanted to have fun on the internet one you had to tweet in english two you had to follow more than just the three other people you knew online you had to follow south africans ghanaians nigerians and suddenly your whole world opened up and my whole world did open up i followed vibrant africans who were travelling around the continent taking pictures of themselves and posting them under the because at that time if you were to search africa on or on or any kind of social media you would think that the entire continent was just pictures of animals and white guys drinking cocktails in hotel resorts
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it began with one question if africa was a bar what would your country be drinking or doing i kicked it off with a guess about south africa which wasn't exactly according to the rules because south africa's not my country but alluding to the country's continual attempts to build a society after being ravaged for decades by apartheid i south africa would be drinking all kinds of alcohol and begging them to get along in its stomach and then i waited and then i had that funny feeling where i wondered if i crossed the line so i sent out a few other about my own country and a few other african countries i'm familiar with
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my mother's country is the kingdom of swaziland it's a very very small country also in southern africa it is africa's last complete monarchy so it's been ruled by a king and a royal family in line with their tradition for a very long time on paper these countries seem very different and when i was a kid i could see the difference it rained a lot in one country it didn't rain quite as much in the other but outside of that i didn't really realize why it mattered that my parents were from two different places but it would go on to have a very peculiar effect on me
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boys are percent more likely than girls to drop out of school in canada five boys drop out for every three girls girls outperform boys now at every level from elementary school to graduate school there's a percent differential between getting and all graduate programs with guys falling behind girls two thirds of all students in special ed remedial programs are guys and as you all know boys are five times more likely than girls to be labeled as having attention deficit disorder and therefore we drug them with ritalin what's the evidence of wiping out first it's a new fear of intimacy intimacy means physical emotional connection with somebody else and especially with somebody of the opposite sex who gives off ambiguous contradictory signals
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and the problem is the industry is supplying it jane mcgonigal told us last year that by the time a boy is he's played hours of video games most of that in isolation as you remember cindy gallop said men don't know the difference between making love and doing porn the average boy now watches porn video clips a week and there's some guy watching a hundred obviously
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so the effect very quickly is it's a new kind of arousal boys' brains are being digitally rewired in a totally new way for change novelty excitement and constant arousal that means they're totally out of sync in traditional classes which are analog static passive they're also totally out of sync in romantic relationships which build gradually and subtly so what's the solution it's not my job i'm here to alarm it's your job to solve
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so today i want us to reflect on the demise of guys guys are flaming out academically they're wiping out socially with girls and sexually with women other than that there's not much of a problem so what's the data so the data on dropping out is amazing boys are percent more likely than girls to drop out of school
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and this is two kinds it's a social awkwardness the old shyness was a fear of rejection it's a social awkwardness like you're a stranger in a foreign land they don't know what to say they don't know what to do especially one with the opposite sex
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that was so painful and confusing that all you wanted to do was learn as much as you could to make sense of it all when i was a close family friend who was like an uncle to me passed away from pancreatic cancer when the disease hit so close to home i knew i needed to learn more so i went online to find answers using the internet i found a variety of statistics on pancreatic cancer and what i had found shocked me over percent of all pancreatic cancers are diagnosed late when someone has less than a two percent chance of survival why are we so bad at detecting pancreatic cancer the reason today's current modern medicine is a old technique that's older than my dad
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the sensor would have to be inexpensive rapid simple sensitive selective and minimally invasive now there's a reason why this test hasn't been updated in over six decades and that's because when we're looking for pancreatic cancer we're looking at your bloodstream which is already abundant in all these tons and tons of protein and you're looking for this miniscule difference in this tiny amount of protein just this one protein that's next to impossible however undeterred due to my teenage optimism i went online to a teenager's two best friends and
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and these are pretty cool because they only react with one specific protein but they're not nearly as interesting as carbon and so then i was sitting in class and suddenly it hit me i could combine what i was reading about carbon with what i was supposed to be thinking about antibodies essentially i could weave a bunch of these antibodies into a network of carbon such that you have a network that only reacts with one protein but also due to the properties of these it will change its electrical properties based on the amount of protein present
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and over the course of that week this feeling got worse and worse and i started to become convinced that something was there in my little guest house haunting me and i started to hear these sounds this whoosh kind of whisper like something passing through me i called my best friend claire and said i know this is going to sound crazy but um i think there's a ghost in my house and i need to get rid of it and she said she's very open minded and she said i don't think you're crazy i think you just need to do a cleansing ritual
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so i said ok and i went and i bought sage i had never done this before so i set the sage on fire waved it about and said go away this is my house i live here you don't live here but the feeling stayed nothing got better and then i started to think ok well now this thing is probably just laughing at me because it hasn't left and i probably just look like this impotent powerless thing that couldn't get it to go away so every day i'd come home and you guys this feeling got so bad that i mean i'm laughing at it now but i would sit there in bed and cry every night and the feeling on my chest got worse and worse it was physically painful and i even went to a psychiatrist and tried to get her to prescribe me medicine and she wouldn't just because i don't have schizophrenia ok
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carbon monoxide poisoning is when you have a gas leak leaking into your home i looked it up and the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include a pressure on your chest auditory hallucinations whoosh and an unexplained feeling of dread so that night i called the gas company i said i have an emergency i need you to come out i don't want to get into the story now but i need you to come out
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now i believe there are two kinds of truth and it's taken me a while to get to this place but i think this is right so hear me out i think there is outer truth and there's inner truth so if you say to me there was a man named jesus and he once existed that's outer truth right and we can go and look at the historical record we can determine whether that seems to be true and i would argue it does seem to be true if you say jesus rose from the dead ooh trickier
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eight years ago i was haunted by an evil spirit i was at the time and i was living in a tiny house behind someone else's house in los angeles it was this guest house it had kind of been dilapidated not taken care of for a long time and one night i was sitting there and i got this really spooky feeling kind of the feeling like you're being watched but no one was there except my two dogs and they were just chewing their feet and i looked around
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they came out i said i suspect a gas leak they brought their carbon monoxide detector and the man said it's a really good thing that you called us tonight because you could have been dead very soon thirty seven percent of americans believe in haunted houses and i wonder how many of them have been in one and how many of them have been in danger so that haunting story has led me to my job i'm an investigator and i'm an investigator in two senses i'm an investigative journalist and i'm also an investigator of the claims of the paranormal and claims of the spiritual
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so that haunting story has led me to my job i'm an investigator and i'm an investigator in two senses i'm an investigative journalist and i'm also an investigator of the claims of the paranormal and claims of the spiritual and that means a few things sometimes that means that i'm pretending to need an so i can get yes that's right so i can go to an exorcist and see if he's using gimmicks or psychological tricks to try to convince someone that they're possessed sometimes that means i'm going undercover in a fringe group which i report on for a that i co host and i've done over investigations like this with my co host ross i would love to tell you that nine times out of science wins saves the day it's all explained that's not true
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because as soon as we have these scientific explanations we know to give up the ghost we use these things as for things that we can't explain we don't believe them because of evidence we believe them because of a lack of evidence so there is a group in los angeles called the independent investigations group or the and they do great work they'll give a prize to anyone who can show under scientific conditions that they have a paranormal ability no one's done it yet but they've had a couple people who claim that they were which means that they can hear voices either from the great beyond or they can read minds
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talk to you a little bit about fear and the cost of fear and the age of fear from which we are now emerging i would like you to feel comfortable with my doing that by letting you know that i know something about fear and anxiety i'm a jewish guy from new jersey
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but the world's coming apart all of a sudden there are going to be massive regulatory changes and massive issues associated with conflict and massive issues associated with security and privacy and we haven't even gotten to the next set of issues which are philosophical issues if you can't vote if you can't have a job if you can't bank if you can't get health care if you can't be educated without internet access is internet access a fundamental right that should be written into constitutions if internet access is a fundamental right is electricity access for the billion who don't have access to electricity a fundamental right these are fundamental issues where are the philosophers where's the dialogue and that brings me to the reason that i'm here i live in washington pity me
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please applaud that thank you but i also grew up in a time where there was something to fear we were brought out in the hall when i was a little kid and taught how to put our coats over our heads to protect us from global thermonuclear war now even my seven brain knew that wasn't going to work
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on september guys took over four airplanes and flew them into a couple of buildings they exacted a horrible toll it is not for us to minimize what that toll was but the response that we had was clearly disproportionate disproportionate to the point of verging on the unhinged we rearranged the national security apparatus of the united states and of many governments to address a threat that at the time that those attacks took place was quite limited in fact according to our intelligence services on september there were members of core al there were just a few thousand terrorists
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than you are suppose i said that with just a few changes in your genes you could get a better memory more precise more accurate and quicker or maybe you'd like to be more fit stronger with more stamina would you like to be more attractive and self confident how about living longer with good health or perhaps you're one of those who's always yearned for more creativity which one would you like the most which would you like if you could have just one audience member creativity creativity how many people would choose creativity raise your hands let me see a few probably about as many as there are creative people here
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what will come in the future are we at some kind of evolutionary as a species or are we destined to become something different something perhaps even better adapted to the environment now let's take a step back in time to the big bang billion years ago the earth the solar system about four and a half billion years the first signs of proto life maybe three to four billion years ago on earth the first multi celled organisms perhaps as much as or a billion years ago and then the human species finally emerging in the last years in this vast unfinished symphony of the universe life on earth is like a brief measure the animal kingdom like a single measure and human life a small grace note that was us that also constitutes the entertainment portion of this talk so i hope you enjoyed it
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i have to confess when i was a college undergraduate i thought okay death for sex it seemed pretty reasonable at the time but with each passing year i've come to have increasing doubts i've come to understand the sentiments of george burns who was performing still in las vegas well into his and one night there's a knock at his hotel room door he answers the door standing before him is a gorgeous scantily clad showgirl she looks at him and says i'm here for super sex that's fine says george i'll take the soup
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i came to realize as a physician that i was working toward a goal which was different from the goal of evolution not necessarily contradictory just different i was trying to preserve the body i wanted to keep us healthy i wanted to restore health from disease i wanted us to live long and healthy lives evolution is all about passing on the genome to the next generation adapting and surviving through generation after generation from an evolutionary point of view you and i are like the booster rockets designed to send the genetic payload into the next level of orbit and then drop off into the sea i think we would all understand the sentiment that woody allen expressed when he said i don't want to achieve immortality through my work i want to achieve it through not dying
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creativity how many people would choose creativity raise your hands let me see a few probably about as many as there are creative people here that's very good how many would opt for memory quite a few more how about fitness a few less what about longevity ah the majority
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do you realize that we can take advantage and commandeer the machinery of a common bacterium to produce the protein of human insulin used to treat diabetics this is not like human insulin this is the same protein that is chemically indistinguishable from what comes out of your pancreas and speaking of bacteria do you realize that each of us carries in our gut more bacteria than there are cells in the rest of our body maybe times more i mean think of it when antonio asks about your self image do you think about the bacteria our gut is a wonderfully hospitable environment for those bacteria it's warm it's dark it's moist it's very cozy and you're going to provide all the nutrition that they could possibly want with no effort on their part it's really like an easy street for bacteria with the occasional interruption of the unintended forced rush to the exit but otherwise you are a wonderful environment for those bacteria just as they are essential to your life they help in the digestion of essential nutrients and they protect you against certain diseases
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to go back to that toilet it wasn't a particularly fancy toilet it wasn't as nice as this one from the world toilet organization that's the other
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fifty communicable diseases like to travel in human shit all those things the eggs the cysts the bacteria the viruses all those can travel in one gram of human feces how well that little boy will not have washed his hands he's barefoot he'll run back into his house and he will contaminate his drinking water and his food and his environment with whatever diseases he may be carrying by fecal particles that are on his fingers and feet in what i call the flushed world that most of us in this room are lucky to live in the most common symptoms associated with those diseases diarrhea is now a bit of a joke it's the runs the hershey squirts the where i come from we call it delhi belly as a legacy of empire but if you search for a stock photo of diarrhea in a leading photo image agency this is the picture that you come up with
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get despondent about the state of sanitation even though these are pretty exciting times because we've got the bill and melinda gates foundation reinventing the toilet which is great we've got matt damon going on bathroom strike which is great for humanity very bad for his colon but there are things to worry about it's the most off track millennium development goal it's about or so years off track we're not going to meet targets providing people with sanitation at this rate so when i get sad about sanitation i think of japan because japan years ago was a nation of people who used pit latrines and wiped with sticks and now it's a nation of what are called toilets they have in built nozzles for a lovely hands free cleaning experience and they have various other features like a heated seat and an automatic lid raising device which is known as the marriage saver
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billion people worldwide have no adequate toilet they don't have a bucket or a box forty percent of the world with no adequate toilet and they have to do what this little boy is doing by the side of the airport expressway which is called open or poo in the open
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