type stringclasses 1 value | question stringlengths 13 210 | answer stringlengths 5 521 | ideal_answer stringlengths 9 22.1k | documents listlengths 1 133 | snippets listlengths 0 125 | asq_challenge int64 5 13 | folder_name stringclasses 6 values | concepts listlengths 0 23 ⌀ | triples listlengths 0 4.35k ⌀ | id stringlengths 24 24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
factoid | When is the drug Ivermectin used? | ['Ivermectin is used to treat parasitic diseases'] | ['Ivermectin (IVM) has been well known for its role in the treatment of parasitic diseases, due to its effect on glutamate-gated chloride channels. These same channels are also present in the mosquito vector, and thus, research has focused on the insecticidal effects of this drug.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31786697",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31758387",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31808594"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31758387",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 403,
"text": "The aim of this study was to compare the economic revenue related to the use of low- or high-efficacy anthelmintic... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6049173d1cb411341a00016b |
factoid | What is the effect of rHDL-apoE3 on vascular permeability? | ['Improves'] | ['rHDL-apoE3 markedly improves vascular permeability as demonstrated by the reduced concentration of Evans Blue dye in tissues such as the stomach, the tongue and the urinary bladder and ameliorated hypercholesterolemia.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34875308"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34875308",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2985,
"offsetInEndSection": 3531,
"text": "Finally, administration of a single dose of rHDL-apoE3 in apoE KO mice markedly improved vascular permeability... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6206b740c9dfcb9c0900003b |
factoid | What is inhibited by TH1579? | ['MTH1'] | ['TH1579 is a best-in-class MTH1 inhibitor.', 'MTH1', 'TH1579 inhibits the MTH1 protein, which is the protein that cancer cells rely on to make their DNA.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27827301"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27827301",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 395,
"text": "Previously, we showed cancer cells rely on the MTH1 protein to prevent incorporation of otherwise deadly oxidised... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6217bf6a3a8413c65300001d |
factoid | What is the Versene Solution used for? | ['for the detachment of cells'] | ['the Versene Solution is used for the detachment of stem cell sheets.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28041835",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29244941",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8266579"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8266579",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1206,
"offsetInEndSection": 1324,
"text": " in 0.01 versene solution, containing 0.011% w/v trypsin (Difco), 0.4 mg/ml D-glucose, 0.17 mg/ml KCl, 1.7 mg/m... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606b32af94d57fd879000060 |
factoid | What is the indication for Favipiravir? | ['Covid-19', 'influenza'] | ['Favipiravir (FVP) has been used for treatment of COVID-19 in many countries.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34339547",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22809499",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34497279",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34044777",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33191372",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24563658",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34535038",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 125,
"offsetInEndSection": 316,
"text": ". In the COVID-19 era, there has been a race for drugs to be effective against SARS-CoV-2. There are reports abo... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 621ebb733a8413c65300005c |
factoid | Which syndrome is caused by pathogenic COL4A3-COL4A5 variants? | ['Alport syndrome'] | ['Massively parallel sequencing identifies pathogenic variants in the genes affected in Alport syndrome (COL4A3-COL4A5) in as many as 30% of individuals with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 10% of those with kidney failure of unknown cause, and 20% with familial immunoglobulin A (IgA) glomerulonephritis. The population frequencies for Alport syndrome are suggested by the frequencies of predicted pathogenic COL4A3-COL4A5 variants, but must be adjusted for the disease penetrance of individual variants and for the likelihood of already diagnosed disease and non-Gly substitutions.', 'Pathogenic variants in the genes in Alport Syndrome (COL4A3-C4A5) are found in as many as 30% of individuals with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and 20% with familial immunoglobulin A (IGA) Glomerulonephritis. The population frequencies for Alport syndrome are suggested to be higher than the frequencies of predicted pathogenic variants, but must be adjusted for the disease penetrance individual variants and for the likelihood of already diagnosed disease and non-Gly substitutions.', 'Massively parallel sequencing identifies pathogenic variants in the genes affected in Alport syndrome (COL4A3-COL4A5) in as many as 30% of individuals with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 10% of those with kidney failure of unknown cause, and 20% with familial immunoglobulin A (IgA) glomerulonephritis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34245817",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34400539"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34245817",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 137,
"text": "Pathogenic Variants in the Genes Affected in Alport Syndrome (COL4A3-COL4A5) and Their Association With Other Kidney Con... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f56284882a024a10000005 |
factoid | Which disease do pathogenic NR2F1 variants cause? | ['Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome', 'BBSOAS'] | ['Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by optic atrophy and intellectual disability caused by loss-of-function mutations in NR2F1.', 'Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome', 'Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf Optic Atrophy Syndrome'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26986877"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26986877",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 202,
"text": "Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by optic atr... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f52f22882a024a10000002 |
factoid | Which mutation is targeted by Tepotinib? | ['MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutation'] | ['MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutation is targeted by Tepotinib that is used for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34037224",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32469185",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33818908",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32702795",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32716573",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28024693",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32469185",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 297,
"text": "BACKGROUND: A splice-site mutation that results in a loss of transcription of exon 14 in the oncogenic driver MET ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6020b5681cb411341a000088 |
factoid | Nemolizumab has been shown to be effective for which disease? | ['atopic dermatitis'] | ['Nemolizumab has been shown to be effective for atopic dermatitis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33735876",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34213742",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32507066",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29753033",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28703903",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32640132",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33045848",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 631,
"offsetInEndSection": 759,
"text": "Dupilumab, lebrikizumab, and nemolizumab demonstrate efficacy as agents producing improvement in clinical severi... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 602354e41cb411341a000098 |
factoid | What is the mammalian version of arginine vasotocin? | ['Arginine vasopressin (AVP)'] | ['Arginine vasotocin (AVT) is the non-mammalian homolog of arginine vasopressin (AVP)', 'Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is the mammalian homolog of arginine vasotocin (AVT).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16005652",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11423156",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26129685",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/192600",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18330923",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25997523",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18174156",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 101,
"offsetInEndSection": 336,
"text": " Conopressin-T belongs to the vasopressin-like peptide family and displays high sequence homology to the mammali... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 603bc3181cb411341a00015c |
factoid | Which kinase does PD98059 inhibit? | ['MEK'] | ['PD98059 is a specific, reversible MEK inhibitor.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32378175"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32378175",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 146,
"text": "An injectable microparticle formulation for the sustained release of the specific MEK inhibitor PD98059: in vitro evalua... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6206bf3cc9dfcb9c0900003d |
factoid | What is caused by loss-of-function variants in BCAS3? | ['A syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder'] | ['Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in BCAS3 cause a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder. BCAS3 microtubule-associated cell migration factor (BCAS3) is a large, highly conserved cytoskeletal protein previously proposed to be critical in angiogenesis and implicated in human embryogenesis and tumorigenesis.', 'Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in BCAS3 cause a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder.', 'BCAS3 microtubule-associated migration factor (BCAS3) is a large, highly tuned cytoskeletal protein previously proposed to be critical in angiogenesis and implicated in the growth of tumors. It has been linked to a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder.', 'BCAS3 microtubule-associated cell migration factor (BCAS3) is a large, highly conserved cytoskeletal protein previously proposed to be critical in angiogenesis and implicated in human embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in BCAS3 cause a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34022130"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34022130",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 92,
"text": "Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in BCAS3 cause a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder."
},
{
"beginSection"... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f80e22882a024a1000003d |
factoid | What is the main use of ETD fragmentation? | ['Analysis of intact proteins'] | ['Electron-based fragmentation methods have revolutionized biomolecular mass spectrometry, in particular native and top-down protein analysis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34788003",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33068214",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31999103",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32070774"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34788003",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 196,
"text": "Electron transfer dissociation (ETD) is an analytically useful tool for primary structure interrogation of intact ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6217d8f03a8413c653000021 |
factoid | What is Congo red agar plates used for? | ['Assessment of bacterial biofilm-formation ability.'] | ['Congo red agar plates are used as a canonical indicator of biofilm-formation ability. Culture on Congo red agar plates in which slime-producing strains form black colonies, while nonslime-forming ones develop red colonies.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30159221",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11774314",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23558135",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29621629",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30325222",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32982324",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32982324",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1282,
"offsetInEndSection": 1342,
"text": "Biofilm-forming ability was tested on Congo Red agar plates."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"do... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 60329dc11cb411341a000147 |
factoid | What is the protein that is truncated to produce progerin? | ['lamin-A', 'prelamin', 'lamin a', 'progerin', 'lamin A (LMNA)'] | ['The truncated lamin A protein produced "progerin', 'Hutchinson Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a devastating accelerated aging disease caused by LMNA gene mutation. The truncated lamin A protein produced "progerin"'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22895092",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20580717",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28229933",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30422822",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23213444",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21106101",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31833196",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 267,
"text": "Mutations in lamin A (LMNA) are responsible for a variety of human dystrophic and metabolic diseases. Here, we cre... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601db4ac1cb411341a000048 |
factoid | What treatment was studied in the KEYNOTE-522 trial? | ['pembrolizumab'] | ['KEYNOTE-522 trial studied adjuvant pembrolizumab for patients with triple-negative breast cancer.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32396855",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34468351",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32709714",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32101663",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31420357",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32870473"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32396855",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 138,
"offsetInEndSection": 334,
"text": "The phase 3 KEYNOTE-522 trial now shows that the addition of pembrolizumab to chemotherapy improves pathological... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 602357ff1cb411341a00009a |
factoid | Which disease is associated with DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion gene? | ['Fibrolamellar carcinoma'] | ['Fibrolamellar carcinoma is distinctive at clinical and histologic levels. A novel DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion gene characterizes almost all cases.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29751881",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32154962",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31736218",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29222914"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29222914",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1813,
"offsetInEndSection": 1882,
"text": "DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion gene found in sporadic fibrolamellar carcinomas,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract"... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6081b0b44e6a4cf630000009 |
factoid | When was dupilumab approved by EMA? | ['2017'] | ['Dupilumab was approved fby the EMA in 2017.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31231591"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31231591",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 380,
"offsetInEndSection": 632,
"text": "This article covers etiology of the disease and summarizes dermatologic treatment standards of selected countrie... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606b75c194d57fd87900006c |
factoid | Aducanumab can be used for treatment of which disease? | ["Alzheimer's disease"] | ["Aducanumab is approved for treatment of Alzheimer's disease."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34506904",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34827546",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34550687",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34263875",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34324167",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29686315",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34506904",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 914,
"offsetInEndSection": 1325,
"text": "We highlight additional evidence consistent with the underwhelming efficacy of Aβ oligomer-lowering agents, suc... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f5914e882a024a1000000d |
factoid | Covid-19 is though to have arisen from what species? | ['bats'] | ['COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 most likely originated in bats and transmitted to humans through a possible intermediate host.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32580969",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32369435",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34695342",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32760632",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34329631",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33457109"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32760632",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 266,
"offsetInEndSection": 391,
"text": "COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 most likely originated in bats and transmitted to humans through a possible interm... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601efe051cb411341a00006a |
factoid | Where are Goblet cells localized? | ['Epithelium'] | ['Goblet cells are found in the intestine, in the lungs, in the eyes etc. Goblet cells are localized in the epithelium.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31751647",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31819932",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31734511",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31782555",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31762020",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31922915"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31782555",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 92,
"text": "Goblet cells (GCs) and endocrine cells (ECs) play an important role in intestine physiology,"
},
{
"beginSe... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6049080c1cb411341a000164 |
factoid | What is the brand name for erenumab? | ['Aimovig'] | ['Aimovig (erenumab; erenumab-aooe in the United States) is the only US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy against the CGRP receptor (CGRPR) for the prevention of migraine.', 'Erenumab-aooe (erenumab, Aimovig®)-a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor-is approved for the prevention of migraine in adults in a number of countries'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32049005",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32753854",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32259079",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29968151"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32049005",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 85,
"offsetInEndSection": 297,
"text": "Aimovig (erenumab; erenumab-aooe in the United States) is the only US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601dbe101cb411341a00004c |
factoid | Which protein does capmatinib bind? | ['MET', 'mesenchymal-epithelial transition'] | ['Capmatinib binds MET.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32557339"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32557339",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 644,
"text": "Capmatinib (Tabrecta™) is an oral, small molecule mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) inhibitor being develope... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606b7d6c94d57fd87900006f |
factoid | What is carboxyglutamate? | ['carboxyglutamateis a a post-translational glutamic acidof'] | ['One of the important glutamic acid modifications is post-translationally modified 4-carboxyglutamate.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31040920",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33037248",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29856932"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33037248",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 87,
"offsetInEndSection": 189,
"text": " One of the important glutamic acid modifications is post-translationally modified 4-carboxyglutamate."
},
{
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6082f0ec4e6a4cf63000000e |
factoid | Which company produces the HercepTest? | ['DAKO'] | ['DAKO is the company producing the companion diagnostic HercepTest.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30668632"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30668632",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 113,
"text": "The FDA-Approved Breast Cancer HER2 Evaluation Kit (HercepTest; Dako) May Miss Some HER2-Positive Breast Cancers."
}
] | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606bff2194d57fd879000075 |
factoid | In what year did Gregor Mendel die? | ['1884'] | ['The life and personality of Johann Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)', 'Gregor Mendel, OSA (1822-1884), founder of scientific genetics.', 'Johann Gregor Mendel 1822-1884'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1887835",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14602707"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1887835",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 49,
"text": "Historical study: Johann Gregor Mendel 1822-1884."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.nc... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601ff4021cb411341a000075 |
factoid | Where is the protein "Single-stranded DNA-binding protein" found? | ['Mitochondrion'] | ['In the mitochondrion (mitochondrial single-stranded DNA binding protein, mtSSB) and its role is the regulation of mitochondrial DNA replication initiation in mammalian mitochondria.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33847964",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33847967",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34215584",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34185867",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34539752"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34539752",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 379,
"offsetInEndSection": 440,
"text": "the mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein (mtSSB)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"doc... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 624c919ee764a53204000004 |
factoid | For which indication has inotersen been approved? | ['stage 1 and stage 2 hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis polyneuropathy'] | ['Inoteresen has been approved for patients in stage 1 and stage 2 hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis polyneuropathy.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32865784"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32865784",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 68,
"text": "Inotersen for the Treatment of Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"docum... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 626aed2fe764a53204000043 |
factoid | Which disease is caused by mutations in the gene CALR? | ['myeloproliferative neoplasms'] | ['Somatic mutations of calreticulin (CALR) have been identified as a main disease driver of myeloproliferative neoplasms,'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32733014",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33202418",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34571965",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33202112",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34804436",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32694616"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32694616",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 75,
"text": "JAK2, CALR, and MPL are myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)-driver mutations,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 623e04e4f0baec9a1b000006 |
factoid | Which tool has been developed for annotation of Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits of G-proteins? | ['GprotPRED'] | ['GprotPRED is an online tool that uses profile Hidden Markov Models (pHMMs) and application to proteomes. The sensitivity and specificity for all pHMMs were equal to 100% with the exception of the Gβ case, where sensitivity equals to 100%, while specificity is 99.993%.', 'GprotPRED is a tool that has been developed for annotation of Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits of G-proteins using profile Hidden Markov Models (pHMMs).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26854601"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26854601",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 134,
"text": "GprotPRED: Annotation of Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits of G-proteins using profile Hidden Markov Models (pHMMs) and application... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 62005c68c9dfcb9c09000017 |
factoid | What is the KDEL retention signal? | ['ER retention sequence (KDEL)'] | ['the -KDEL retention signal sequence is characteristic of many proteins localized to the ER.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10767987",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7893163",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28669732",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29733248",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32020276"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32020276",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 901,
"offsetInEndSection": 1092,
"text": "By fusing the antibody with a KDEL retention signal, the interaction of antibodies and native membrane antigens... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 623e02e0f0baec9a1b000005 |
factoid | When was Vitravene approved in Brazil? | ['1999'] | ['Vitravene was approved in Brazil in the summer of 1999.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11497353"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11497353",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 486,
"offsetInEndSection": 701,
"text": "In August 1998, the FDA approved the marketing of Vitravene for the local treatment of CMV retinitis [296420], [... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 626aef83e764a53204000044 |
factoid | What is the association between maternal and fetal alloantigens and RANTES production? | ['induction of tolerance'] | ['Induction of maternal tolerance to fetal alloantigens by RANTES production.', 'Maternal tolerance to fetal alloantigens may be induced by RANTES production.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9886550",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17076674",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17217369"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17076674",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 75,
"text": "Induction of maternal tolerance to fetal alloantigens by RANTES production."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 623c8330f0baec9a1b000003 |
factoid | What is the half-life of epimutations across generations of C. elegans? | ['Typically 2-3 generations. Sometimes >10 generations.'] | ['In C. elegans, epimutations typically have short half-lives of two to three generations. Nevertheless, some epimutations last at least ten generations.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31301033",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32868918"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32868918",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 877,
"offsetInEndSection": 1117,
"text": "We show that epimutations arise spontaneously at a rate approximately 25 times greater than DNA sequence change... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 626ae803e764a5320400003c |
factoid | What does temsirolimus inhibit? | ['mTOR'] | ['Temsirolimus is a mTOR inhibitor'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34804848",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31331862",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34589671",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34565342"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34565342",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1065,
"offsetInEndSection": 1116,
"text": "a clinically relevant mTOR inhibitor, temsirolimus,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 62507602e764a5320400000d |
factoid | What happens to the expression levels of piRNAs in the case of intracranial aneurysm rupture? | ['Decreased'] | ['piRNAs showed a substantial decrease in RNA abundance that was sustained after IA rupture.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32424559"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32424559",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 865,
"offsetInEndSection": 1007,
"text": "piRNAs and rRNAs showed a substantial decrease in RNA abundance that was sustained after IA rupture, whereas mi... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 626aa929e764a53204000039 |
factoid | Lucio’s Phenomenon is characteristic to which disease? | ['leprosy'] | ["Lucio's phenomenon is a rare but distinctive skin eruption seen in patients with diffuse lepromatous leprosy."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24863848",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34672479",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22475236",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31783808",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15985035",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19702985",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31114260",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 184,
"text": "Diffuse multibacillary leprosy patient with Lucio's phenomenon and positive anticardiolipin antibody misdiagnosed as lup... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f7c9ac882a024a10000028 |
factoid | Where are the complexins expressed? | ['presynaptic terminal'] | ['Complexins (CPLXs), initially identified in neuronal presynaptic terminals, are cytoplasmic proteins that interact with the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) complex to regulate the fusion of vesicles to the plasma membrane.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23658160",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30471689",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31691534",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23159779",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26019341"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31691534",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 14,
"offsetInEndSection": 283,
"text": "Complexins (CPLXs), initially identified in neuronal presynaptic terminals, are cytoplasmic proteins that interac... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 62507520e764a5320400000c |
factoid | What is the gene ABCG1 encoding? | ['ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter'] | ['ABCG1 is an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter that removes excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34608503",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32725886",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34461069"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32725886",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 130,
"offsetInEndSection": 189,
"text": "ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1),"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"docum... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6252f496e764a53204000020 |
factoid | When was Volanesorsen approved in the EU? | ['May 2019'] | ['In May 2019, volanesorsen was approved in the EU for the treatment of adult patients with familial chylomicronemia syndrome.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31301033"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31301033",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 313,
"offsetInEndSection": 497,
"text": "In May 2019, volanesorsen was approved in the EU for the treatment of adult patients with FCS based on positive ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 626aeab6e764a5320400003e |
factoid | How many copies of LBX are found in teleosts? | ['8'] | ['In teleosts, that have undergone an additional genome duplication, 8 Lbx paralogons (three of which retain Lbx genes) were found.', 'URL_0 > In teleosts, that have undergone an additional genome duplication, 8 LBx paralogons (three of which retain Lbx genes) were found.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18541024"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18541024",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 892,
"offsetInEndSection": 1022,
"text": "In teleosts, that have undergone an additional genome duplication, 8 Lbx paralogons (three of which retain Lbx ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6253307fe764a53204000024 |
factoid | What is the drug Aduhelm approved for? | ["treatment of Alzheimer's disease"] | ["he Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approval for Aduhelm (aducanumab) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease under its accelerated approval program"] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34657891",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34217830",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34324167",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34554982",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34585212"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34657891",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 244,
"text": "According to the FDA, aducanumab (Aduhelm), the recently approved anti-Alzheimer drug, reduces the level of cerebr... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6250787be764a5320400000e |
factoid | What disease is presenilin involved in? | ["familial Alzheimer's disease"] | ["Loss-of-function mutations in PSEN1/2 genes are the leading cause of familial Alzheimer's disease (fAD)."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34593029",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34100423",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34662541",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31606858"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34100423",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 239,
"text": "The presenilin genes (PSEN1 and PSEN2) are mainly responsible for causing early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 624c838ee764a53204000001 |
factoid | In what part of the body is the masseter muscle located? | ['Jaw', 'head', 'face', 'orofacial region', 'mandible'] | ['In human anatomy, the masseter is one of the muscles of mastication and is located in the jaw.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28128087",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/281140",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9257133",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19697646",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20553891",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10530166",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34474547",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 306,
"text": "Intramuscular hemangiomas of the masseter muscle are uncommon tumors and therefore can be difficult to accurately ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 62532ce6e764a53204000021 |
factoid | What is the function of the protein SLC26A5? | ['voltage-dependent transporter'] | ['SLC26A5 transporter prestin is fundamental for the higher hearing sensitivity and frequency selectivity of mammals. Prestin is a voltage-dependent transporter found in the cochlear outer hair cells responsible for their electromotility.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34294052",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33667636",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33951436",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34373481",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34695838"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33667636",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 237,
"text": "SLC26A5 transporter prestin is fundamental for the higher hearing sensitivity and frequency selectivity of mammals... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6251a2ffe764a5320400001c |
factoid | Bimekizumab is used for treatment of which disease? | ['psoriasis'] | ['Bimekizumab is used for psoriasis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34623614",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33727793",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34260044",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27859546",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34471992",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31214486",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34471992",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 339,
"offsetInEndSection": 662,
"text": "In BE RADIANT, patients were randomised 1:1 to bimekizumab 320 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W) or secukinumab 300 mg (wee... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f609d3882a024a10000024 |
factoid | What is the rate of epimutations in C. elegans? | ['25 times greater than DNA sequence changes'] | ['In C. elegans epimutations arise spontaneously at a rate approximately 25 times greater than DNA sequence changes.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32868918"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32868918",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 877,
"offsetInEndSection": 1054,
"text": "We show that epimutations arise spontaneously at a rate approximately 25 times greater than DNA sequence change... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 626aab13e764a5320400003b |
factoid | Which disease can be prevented with PfSPZ Vaccine? | ['malaria'] | ['PfSPZ Vaccine is used for prevention of malaria.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32920641",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28216244",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26324116",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33947856",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28362549",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29438525",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32920641",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 248,
"text": "BACKGROUND: A live-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite (SPZ) vaccine (PfSPZ Vaccine) has shown up to 100% ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f7d745882a024a10000038 |
factoid | What is MACE in the context of cardiotoxicity? | ['Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events.'] | ['MACE is an acronym for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events.', 'major adverse cardiac events (MACE)'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34396256",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32493217",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589442",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28544100",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25075166",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32947416",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33966333",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 400,
"offsetInEndSection": 442,
"text": "major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 624d9492e764a53204000006 |
factoid | Which clinical trials led to the first approval of Volanesorsen by the EU? | ['APPROACH and COMPASS'] | ['The approval of Volanesorsen by the EU was based on the positive results from the multinational, phase III APPROACH and COMPASS studies.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31301033"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31301033",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 313,
"offsetInEndSection": 496,
"text": "In May 2019, volanesorsen was approved in the EU for the treatment of adult patients with FCS based on positive ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 626aeb2fe764a5320400003f |
factoid | Which company developed Waylivra? | ['Ionis Pharmaceuticals', 'Akcea Therapeutics'] | ['Waylivra is being developed by Ionis Pharmaceuticals through its subsidiary company, Akcea Therapeutics.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31301033"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31301033",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 312,
"text": "Volanesorsen (Waylivra®), an antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) mRNA, is being d... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 626aeba1e764a53204000040 |
factoid | What is the most frequent evolution (next stage) when Aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) is not treated? | ['aortic dissection', 'aortic type A dissection', 'dissecting aneurysm', 'classic aortic dissection'] | ['Aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) evolves very dynamically in the short-term to regression, dissection, or aortic rupture', 'Intramural hematoma IMH may progress to classic dissection, frank rupture, or aneurysmal dilation.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29945807",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10585078",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19793400",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25512883",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29274600",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32652687",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29274600",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1442,
"offsetInEndSection": 1605,
"text": "We consider that IMH may represent a part of a disease (aortic dissection), depicted by radiological images in... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 625ebf76e764a53204000033 |
factoid | When is lorlatinib used? | ['In ALK-positive NSCLC'] | ['Lorlatinib is a third-generation ALK inhibitor that can overcome the largest number of acquired ALK resistance mutations, including the solvent-front mutation G1202R.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34589977",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34548910",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34585621"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34589977",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 167,
"text": "Lorlatinib is a third-generation ALK inhibitor that can overcome the largest number of acquired ALK resistance mut... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 625bb257e764a5320400002e |
factoid | Ladybird homeobox (Lbx) transcription factors regulate the development of what body systems/organs? | ['muscle and nervous system'] | ['Ladybird homeobox (Lbx) transcription factors have crucial functions in muscle and nervous system development in many animals', 'Ladybird homeobox (Lbx) transcription factors have crucial functions in muscle and nervous system development in many animals.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18541024",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12588966",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18056427",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28843494",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9342040",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34411410",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34411410",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 126,
"text": "Ladybird homeobox (Lbx) transcription factors have crucial functions in muscle and nervous system development in m... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 62532ffee764a53204000023 |
factoid | When is the protein OAS1 activated? | ['IFN stimulated for antiviral resonse.'] | ['OAS1 is a IFN-stimulated gene. Antiviral response.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34108012",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34082434",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33307546",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34826092",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34873989"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33307546",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 617,
"offsetInEndSection": 687,
"text": " encodes antiviral restriction enzyme activators (OAS1, OAS2 and OAS3)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 62587803e764a5320400002b |
factoid | Which is the protein-membrane interface of the Cholesterol-regulated Start protein 4 protein (STARD4)? | ['L124', 'Omega-1 (Ω1) loop'] | ['L124 is the protein-membrane interface of the Cholesterol-regulated Start protein 4 protein (STARD4).', 'Our results show that STARD4 interacts with anionic membranes through a surface-exposed basic patch and that introducing a mutation (L124D) into the Omega-1 (Ω1) loop, which covers the sterol binding pocket, attenuates sterol transfer activity.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26168008"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26168008",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 750,
"offsetInEndSection": 994,
"text": "Our results show that STARD4 interacts with anionic membranes through a surface-exposed basic patch and that int... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6278ca4a56bf9aee6f00000c |
factoid | What causes the "worst headache" of a patient's life? | ['Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)', 'Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage'] | ['This is a classic description of a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The gold standard for the diagnostic evaluation of a SAH remains non-contrast head computed tomography (CT) followed by lumbar puncture if the CT is negative.', 'Headache is the most common presenting symptom of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), ranging from mild headache to the "worst headache of my life"', "Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with a mortality of more than 30%. Acute, severe headache, typically described as the worst headache of the patient's life, and meningismus are the characteristic manifestations of SAH."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17929738",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28434443",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27741994",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9737490",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22338211"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28434443",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 101,
"text": "Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with a mortality of more than 30%."
},
{
"beginSec... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 627a875a56bf9aee6f000023 |
factoid | Which disease phenotype has the worst prognosis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy? | ['Dp140 isoform'] | ['A strong association between the risk of cognitive disability and the involvement of groups of DMD isoforms was found. In particular, improvements in the correlation of FSIQ with mutation location were identified when a new classification system for mutations affecting the Dp140 isoform was implemented.', ' A strong association between the risk of cognitive disability and the involvement of groups of DMD isoforms was found. In particular, improvements in the correlation of FSIQ with mutation location were identified when a new classification system for mutations affecting the Dp140 isoform was implemented.', 'Dp140 isoform is related to increased risk of cognitive impairment and thus worse prognosis.', 'A strong association between the risk of cognitive disability and the involvement of groups of DMD isoforms was found.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34342696",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1865568",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15637982",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21178099",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32791185",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20098710"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20098710",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1039,
"offsetInEndSection": 1344,
"text": " A strong association between the risk of cognitive disability and the involvement of groups of DMD isoforms w... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6278dfe956bf9aee6f000016 |
factoid | What is the most sensitive test for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis? | ['Magnetic resonance imaging', 'MRI', 'MR'] | ['These results support previous conclusions that MRI is the most sensitive test for detecting white matter asymptomatic lesions, and the most predictive for the diagnosis of CDMS.', 'MRI is the most sensitive tool for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). It can detect asymptomatic lesions in the white matter and is the most predictive test for diagnosing clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS). It is also a reliable measure of the current disease activity. The presence of oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides supportive evidence for the diagnosis of MS.', 'MRI is the most sensitive test for detecting white matter asymptomatic lesions, and the most predictive for the diagnosis of CDMS. MRI also is a reliable measure of the extent of the MS process, serial MRI scans detect evidence of disease activity in MS not always disclosed by clinical evaluation. Results indicate that the presence of oligoclonal bands provides sensitive supporting evidence'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400831",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10919200",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3208208",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20003089",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6830166",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7629529",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8164014",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 704,
"offsetInEndSection": 843,
"text": "The initial MRI was strongly suggestive of MS in 19 of these (68%), while 27 (96%) had at least one MS-like abnor... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6277de0d56bf9aee6f000006 |
factoid | Should acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) be used when providing supportive care for COVID-19? | ['Acetaminophen', 'Paracetamol'] | ['Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been theorized to cause harm in patients with COVID-19, but clinical data are limited. Given the uncertainty, acetaminophen is the preferred antipyretic agent for most patients rather than NSAIDs. If NSAIDs are needed, the lowest effective dose is recommended.', 'Although based on existing evidence, NSAIDs have been effective in treating respiratory infections caused by influenza and rhinovirus, since there is no clinical trial on COVID-19 and case-reports and clinical experiences are indicative of elongation of treatment duration and exacerbation of the clinical course of patients with COVID-19, it is recommended to use substitutes such as acetaminophen for controlling fever and inflammation and be cautious about using NSAIDs in management of COVID-19 patients until there are enough evidence.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32805057",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33824640",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34318916",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33135113",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33658615",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32447629",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32460369",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1136,
"offsetInEndSection": 1676,
"text": "Although based on existing evidence, NSAIDs have been effective in treating respiratory infections caused by i... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6277e4ee56bf9aee6f000008 |
factoid | What is the incubation period for COVID-19? | ['5-7 days', '5 days', '6 days', '7 days'] | ['For COVID-19, the mean incubation period was 6.0\xa0days globally but near 7.0\xa0days in the mainland of China, which will help identify the time of infection and make disease control decisions. The Delta VOC yielded a significantly shorter incubation period (4.0 vs. 6.0 days), higher viral load (20.6 vs. 34.0, cycle threshold of the ORF1a/b gene), and a longer duration of viral shedding in pharyngeal swab samples (14.0 vs. 8.0 days) compared with the wild-type strain.', 'The incubation period for COVID-19 is thought to be within 14 days following exposure, with most cases occurring approximately five to seven days after exposure. The incubation period also varies by viral variant. For example, the incubation period for the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) appears to be slightly shorter, with symptoms first appearing around four days after exposure.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34579681",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34131198",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33998486",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34368314",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33915459",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34485577",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32627172",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1199,
"offsetInEndSection": 1304,
"text": "We find that the incubation period has a median of 8.50 days (95% confidence interval [CI] [7.22; 9.15])."
}... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6277e52256bf9aee6f000009 |
factoid | Which factor is inhibited by Milvexian? | ['XIa'] | ['Milvexian is a small molecule, active-site inhibitor of factor XIa (FXIa) being developed to prevent and treat thrombotic events.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34558200",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34752670",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34494428",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34780683"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34494428",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 132,
"text": "Discovery of Milvexian, a High-Affinity, Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of Factor XIa in Clinical Studies for Antithrombo... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f58de2882a024a1000000a |
factoid | What is Granzyme B? | ['Granzyme B is a serine protease'] | ['Granzyme B is a serine protease that is secreted by Natural Killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes during a cellular immune response and can induce apoptosis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32324629",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32302642",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32079690",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34549432",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32608278",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34509050"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34549432",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1122,
"offsetInEndSection": 1192,
"text": "expression of the non-specific cytotoxic cell marker (granzyme B, grb)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6217d9de3a8413c653000025 |
factoid | Which signaling pathway does LY294002 inhibit? | ['PI3K/AKT'] | ['LY294002, can block the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34820336"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34820336",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 143,
"text": "LY294002 Is a Promising Inhibitor to Overcome Sorafenib Resistance in FLT3-ITD Mutant AML Cells by Interfering With PI3K... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6206c22ac9dfcb9c0900003e |
factoid | Which disease is caused by mutations in the gene PRF1? | ['haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)'] | ['The presence of mutations in PRF1, UNC13D, STX11 and STXBP2 genes in homozygosis or compound heterozygosis results in immune deregulation. Most such cases lead to clinical manifestations of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34339548",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29216683",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33869605",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31865540"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34339548",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 123,
"text": "Spectrum mutations of PRF1, UNC13D, STX11, and STXBP2 genes in Vietnamese patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytos... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6217db1b3a8413c653000027 |
factoid | What protein is encoded by the GRN gene? | ['progranulin'] | ['Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding for the protein progranulin (PGRN), GRN, are one of the major genetic abnormalities involved in frontotemporal lobar degeneration.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31962288",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22277331",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30862089",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31626287",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33433878",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33028409",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32507413",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 178,
"text": "Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding for the protein progranulin (PGRN), GRN, are one of the major gene... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 62211f453a8413c653000072 |
factoid | What is disrupted by ALS- and FTD-associated missense mutations in TBK1? | ['mitophagy'] | ['ALS- and FTD-associated missense mutations in TBK1 differentially disrupt mitophagy.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34099552"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34099552",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 84,
"text": "ALS- and FTD-associated missense mutations in TBK1 differentially disrupt mitophagy."
}
] | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 62190ca03a8413c653000035 |
factoid | What is the mode of action of primaquine? | ['anti-Malarial'] | ['Primaquine (PQ) not only eliminates P. falciparum gametocytes but also kills liver dormant forms of P. vivax and P. ovale.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34474834",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34216464",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4625625",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1475854",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34546758",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34257648",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34257648",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 123,
"text": "Primaquine (PQ) not only eliminates P. falciparum gametocytes but also kills liver dormant forms of P. vivax and P... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 621ecac13a8413c65300005f |
factoid | Proteins in the karyopherin family (Kaps) are associated with what cellular process? | ['nuclear transport'] | ['Nuclear translocation of large proteins is mediated through specific protein carriers, collectively named karyopherins (importins, exportins and adaptor proteins)'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33571591",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21347375",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10385521",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11777942",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34034774",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33728352",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33482249",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 175,
"text": "Nuclear translocation of large proteins is mediated through specific protein carriers, collectively named karyoph... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6221209b3a8413c653000074 |
factoid | What percentage of human genes have no introns? | ['3%'] | ['About 3% of human genes have no introns. URL_0', 'Intronless genes (IGs) constitute approximately 3% of the human genome. Intronless genes (IGs) fraction varies between 2.7 and 97.7% in eukaryotic genomes.', '3 percent of the human genome', 'Intronless genes (IGs) constitute approximately 3% of the human genome.', 'Intronless genes (IGs) constitute approximately 3% of the human genome. Intronless genes, which constitute 3 percent of the human genome, differ from intron-containing genes in evolution and function.', 'Intronless genes, which constitute 3 percent of the human genome, differ from intron-containing genes in evolution and function.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21914464",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22732409",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11333024",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26415210",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469316"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22732409",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Intronless genes (IGs) constitute approximately 3% of the human genome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fe1fc84a43ad31278000036 |
factoid | What is caused by biallelic variants in PCDHGC4? | ['A novel neurodevelopmental syndrome with progressive microcephaly, seizures, and joint anomalies'] | ['Biallelic variants in PCDHGC4 cause a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome with progressive microcephaly, seizures, and joint anomalies.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34244665"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34244665",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "Biallelic variants in PCDHGC4 cause a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome with progressive microcephaly, seizures, and joi... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f563f7882a024a10000006 |
factoid | What induces downstream of gene (DoG) readthrough transcription? | ['stress conditions'] | ['Stress-induced transcriptional readthrough generates very long downstream of gene containing transcripts (DoGs), which may explain up to 20% of intergenic transcription. Massive induction of transcriptional readthrough generates downstream of gene-containing transcripts (DoGs) in cells under stress condition. Ca2+ signaling mediates reduced transcription termination in response to certain stress conditions. This reduction allows readthrough transcription, generating a highly inducible and diverse class of downstream of gene containing transcripts (DoGs) that we have recently described.', 'osmotic stress', 'DoGs are induced by osmotic stress at the level of transcription by a mechanism that depends on calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum mediated by IP3 receptors.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28928151",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9343185",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30089468",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29945683",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26861889",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29147672",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9343185",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 65,
"text": "Readthrough activation of early adenovirus E1b gene transcription"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document"... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fe31316a43ad31278000043 |
factoid | What is the effect of rHDL-apoE3 on endothelial cell migration? | ['Promotion'] | ['rHDL-apoE3 has been shown to promote endothelial cell migration.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34875308"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34875308",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 3531,
"offsetInEndSection": 3690,
"text": "These novel insights into the rHDL-apoE3 functions suggest a potential clinical use to promote re-endotheliali... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6206b5a8c9dfcb9c0900003a |
factoid | Hampton’s hump is characteristic to which disease? | ['pulmonary embolism'] | ['Hampton’s hump is characteristic to pulmonary embolism.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24862753",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8372182",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26521192"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26521192",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 64,
"text": "Hampton's hump in a patient with endocarditis and septic emboli."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document"... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f5ee57882a024a10000012 |
factoid | What is the activity of Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. | ['Immunosuppressive activity'] | ['Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a known immunosuppressive enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the oxidation of tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn), has received increasing attention as an attractive immunotherapeutic target for cancer therapy.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34535017",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34520819",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34752953",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34557196"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34752953",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 263,
"text": "Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a known immunosuppressive enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in th... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6217d9493a8413c653000022 |
factoid | What is the purpose of Macropinocytosis? | ['transport across an external cell membrane'] | ['Macropinocytosis is an endocytic process, which involves the engulfment of extra-cellular content in vesicles known as macropinosomes.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30967003",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33520357",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30967006",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30967007",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30967008",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30967009",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17760832",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 195,
"text": "Macropinocytosis defines a series of events initiated by extensive plasma membrane reorganization or ruffling to f... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 62211ebc3a8413c653000071 |
factoid | Which was the first species in which a de novo gene emergence ("gene birth") was reported? | ['the Arctic codfish'] | ['New genes can arise through duplication of a pre-existing gene or de novo from non-coding DNA, providing raw material for evolution of new functions in response to a changing environment. A prime example is the independent evolution of antifreeze glycoprotein genes (afgps) in the Arctic codfishes and Antarctic notothenioids to prevent freezing.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25506301",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29556078",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28943376",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27358863",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28642936",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29216381",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722833",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 239,
"offsetInEndSection": 474,
"text": "de novo gene birth remains poorly understood, mainly because translation of sequences devoid of genes, or 'non-g... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5eb422150d431b5f73000009 |
factoid | Which type of cancer has been suggested as a strategy for potential small-molecule inhibition of METTL3? | ['myeloid leukaemia'] | ['Small-molecule inhibition of METTL3 is a strategy against myeloid leukaemia. Targeting of RNA-modifying enzymes represents a promising avenue for anticancer therapy.', 'Small-molecule inhibition of METTL3 as a strategy against myeloid leukaemia.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33902106"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33902106",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "Small-molecule inhibition of METTL3 as a strategy against myeloid leukaemia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 620c28d03a8413c653000007 |
factoid | Where are the PUX proteins found? | ['PUX proteins specifically associate with the nucleoskeleton underneath the INM.'] | ['PUX proteins specifically associate with the nucleoskeleton underneath the INM.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32601292",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34141135"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32601292",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 849,
"offsetInEndSection": 1036,
"text": " These PUX proteins specifically associate with the nucleoskeleton underneath the INM and physically interact w... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 621b54f03a8413c65300003b |
factoid | Which substance use is associated with Brodifacoum poisoning? | ['marijuana'] | ['Brodifacoum poisoning was linked to marijuana use.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31579608",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32659068",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32300441",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32771937",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9111096",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33132381",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32659068",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 69,
"text": "Brodifacoum Poisoning Linked to Synthetic Marijuana Use in Wisconsin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"docu... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6024a6871cb411341a0000a4 |
factoid | What is Alphafold? | ['Highly accurate protein structure prediction approoach'] | ['AlphaFold is a novel machine learning approach that incorporates physical and biological knowledge about protein structure, leveraging multi-sequence alignments, into the design of the deep learning algorithm.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34469019",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34265844",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34586808"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34265844",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 60,
"text": "Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "h... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 621b4a223a8413c65300003a |
factoid | Which receptor is targeted by Spesolimab? | ['interleukin-36'] | ['Spesolimab is a novel anti-interleukin-36 receptor antibody.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33919434",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34626330",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34678325",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33661508",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33785490",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34085329",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33785490",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 536,
"offsetInEndSection": 771,
"text": "A prior Phase I proof-of-concept study showed rapid improvements in skin and pustule clearance with a single int... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f5847b882a024a10000008 |
factoid | What is the effect of grapefruit juice on CYP3A4? | ['Inhibitory'] | ['Grapefruit juice inhibits CYP3A4 activity.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31828807"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31828807",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 886,
"offsetInEndSection": 995,
"text": "The inhibition of CYP3A by grapefruit juice was significantly attenuated by processing particularly with γCD."
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 62058198c9dfcb9c09000030 |
factoid | Which is the major clinical feature observed in FDXR-associated disease? | ['Retinal dystrophy'] | ['FDXR-associated disease is a phenotypically heterogeneous disorder with retinal dystrophy being a major clinical feature observed in this cohort.', 'Retinal dystrophy is a major clinical feature observed in FDXR-associated disease.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33938912"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33938912",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1204,
"offsetInEndSection": 1531,
"text": "FDXR-associated disease is a phenotypically heterogeneous disorder with retinal dystrophy being a major clinic... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f81857882a024a10000040 |
factoid | Where is the the protein perforin localized? | ['In secretory granules'] | ['Perforin are stored inside the leukocytes in secretory granules.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33710487",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33884612",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33410220",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33467515"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33467515",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 139,
"offsetInEndSection": 220,
"text": " a family of pore-forming proteins (PFPs), known as perforin like proteins (PLPs)"
},
{
"beginSection": ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6217da133a8413c653000026 |
factoid | Which disease is associated with X-linked recessive TLR7 deficiency? | ['critical COVID-19 pneumonia'] | ['X-linked recessive TLR7 deficiency is a highly penetrant genetic etiology of critical COVID-19 pneumonia, in about 1.8% of male patients below the age of 60 years.', 'COVID-19 pneumonia', 'Overall, X-linked recessive TLR7 deficiency is a highly penetrant genetic etiology of critical COVID-19 pneumonia, in about 1.8% of male patients below the age of 60 years.', 'COVID-19'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34413140"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34413140",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "X-linked recessive TLR7 deficiency in ~1% of men under 60 years old with life-threatening COVID-19."
},
{
"beginS... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 62190bac3a8413c653000034 |
factoid | Which one was the first chromone in clinical use? | ['Khellin'] | ['The first chromone in clinical use, khellin.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24925412"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24925412",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 142,
"offsetInEndSection": 322,
"text": "The first chromone in clinical use, khellin, was extracted from the seeds of the plant Ammi visnaga, and had bee... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6206cfd5c9dfcb9c09000040 |
factoid | Which resource is used for visualisation of non-covalent contacts? | ['Protein Contacts Atlas'] | ['The Protein Contacts Atlas is an interactive resource of non-covalent contacts from over 100,000 PDB crystal structures. The Protein Contacts Atlas enables researchers from different disciplines to investigate diverse questions in the framework of non-covalent contacts, including the interpretation of allostery, disease mutations and polymorphisms, by exploring individual subunits, interfaces, and protein-ligand contacts and by mapping external information. The Protein Contacts Atlas is available at http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/pca/ and also through PDBe.', 'The Protein Contacts Atlas is an interactive resource of non-covalent contacts at different scales of organization: atoms, residues, secondary structures, secondary structure, subunits, and entire complexes.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29335563"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29335563",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 85,
"text": "Visualization and analysis of non-covalent contacts using the Protein Contacts Atlas."
},
{
"beginSection": "abst... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 605fb19794d57fd879000038 |
factoid | Which disease is treated with Emapalumab? | ['primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis'] | ['Emapalumab is a human monoclonal antibody directed against interferon-γ (IFN-γ) that was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34096649",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31537529",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33686916",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32374962",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32648854",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33484058",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32447592",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1117,
"offsetInEndSection": 1283,
"text": "All patients who received the complement blocker eculizumab in addition to the interferon gamma blocker emapal... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 60234dc61cb411341a000094 |
factoid | What is the function of the protein encoded by PUMILIO1? | ['developmental and translational regulator of RNA', 'regulate specific target mRNAs posttranscriptionally', 'translational regulation of target mRNAs', 'RNA-binding proteins that function as a developmental regulator in diverse animal species.'] | ['Pumilio1 (Pum1) has been shown to play key roles in translational regulation of target mRNAs in many systems of diverse organisms.', 'Pumilio is a member of the highly conserved PUF family of RNA-binding proteins that function as a developmental regulator in diverse animal species. Pumilio1 (Pum1) has been shown to play key roles in translational regulation of target mRNAs in many systems of diverse organisms.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21098481",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34541851",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16954190",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30289101",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21397187",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25768905",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34541851",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 128,
"text": "Human Pumilio (hPUM) is a structurally well-analyzed RNA-binding protein that has been used recently for artificia... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 621fcaf93a8413c653000065 |
factoid | What is the prevalence of the inactivating AKT variant p.Pro50Thr in the Finnish population? | ['1.1%'] | ['1.1% frequency', 'The P.Pro50Thr allele is present at 1.1% frequency in Finns but virtually absent in other ancestries.', 'A study identified a novel association between the coding variant (p.Pro50Thr) in AKT2 and fasting plasma insulin (FI), a gene in which rare fully penetrant mutations are causal for monogenic glycemic disorders. The low-frequency allele is associated with a 12% increase in FI levels. This variant is present at 1.1% frequency in Finns but virtually absent in individuals from other ancestries. Carriers of the FI-increasing allele had increased 2-h insulin values, decreased insulin sensitivity, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.05). In cellular studies, the AKT2-Thr50 protein exhibited a partial loss of function.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28341696"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28341696",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1179,
"text": "To identify novel coding association signals and facilitate characterization of mechanisms influencing glycemic t... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6028f5851cb411341a0000ff |
factoid | What class of drugs is commonly associated with Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DIILD)? | ['cytotoxic drugs'] | ["[' Numerous agents including cytotoxic and noncytotoxic drugs have the potential to cause pulmonary toxicity.']", 'Numerous agents including cytotoxic and noncytotoxic drugs have the potential to cause pulmonary toxicity', 'Cytotoxic drugs are the most common cause of toxic lung disease.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2185802",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34177523",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1327232",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29631763",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24231065",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8765915",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1327232",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "The problem of the drug induced pulmonary toxicity (cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic drugs) is discussed."
},
{
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 621ec0313a8413c65300005e |
factoid | What pathological phenotype could potentially concomitant pomegranate juice and rosuvastatin use cause? | ['Rhabdomyolysis'] | ['Concomitant use of rosuvastatin and pomegranate juice has been hypothesized to be associated with the development of rhabdomyolysis in a case report.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16923466"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16923466",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 365,
"offsetInEndSection": 680,
"text": "In conclusion, because both grapefruit and pomegranate juice are known to inhibit intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6206b399c9dfcb9c09000039 |
factoid | Which tool has been developed to discover VNTR-associated deletions? | ['trfermikit'] | ['Τrfermikit is a software tool designed to detect deletions larger than 50\u2009bp occurring in Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) using Illumina DNA sequencing reads. In such regions, it achieves a better trade-off between sensitivity and false discovery than a state-of-the-art structural variation (SV) caller, Manta, and complements it by recovering a significant number of deletions that Manta missed. trfermikit is based upon the fermikit pipeline, which performs read assembly, maps the assembly to the reference genome, and calls variants from the alignment.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34864893"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34864893",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 57,
"text": "trfermikit: a tool to discover VNTR-associated deletions."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 621911323a8413c653000038 |
factoid | Which enzyme is inhibited by Aramchol? | ['hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1'] | ['Arachidyl amido cholanoic acid (Aramchol) is a potent downregulator of hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) protein expression.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32982112",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31931543",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29159325",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31013363",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34621052",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21044742",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34151243",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 190,
"offsetInEndSection": 354,
"text": "Aramchol attenuates NASH in mouse models and decreases steatosis by downregulating the fatty acid synthetic enzy... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f7d683882a024a10000036 |
factoid | What is the cause of the Diamond Blackfan Anemia? | ['Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a congenital bone marrow failure syndrome associated with ribosomal gene mutations that lead to ribosomal insufficiency.'] | ['Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a congenital bone marrow failure syndrome associated with ribosomal gene mutations that lead to ribosomal insufficiency.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32643123",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32630050",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32620751"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32620751",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 153,
"text": "Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a congenital bone marrow failure syndrome associated with ribosomal gene mutation... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 622d17b83a8413c6530000a2 |
factoid | Which molecule is targeted by Fenebrutinib? | ["Bruton's tyrosine kinase"] | ["Fenebrutinib is a noncovalent, oral, and highly selective inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK)."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34750553",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31494233",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32832028",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32270926",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33806595",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31907670",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33689480",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 600,
"offsetInEndSection": 898,
"text": "These inhibitors include four Syk inhibitors, Bay 61-3606, R406 (fostamatinib), entospletinib, TAK-659; four irr... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f7d5a0882a024a10000035 |
factoid | Which protein family is epiregulin a member of? | ['epidermal growth factor family'] | ['EREG (epiregulin), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32700456"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32700456",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 225,
"text": "EREG (epiregulin), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, plays a role in inflammation, wound heal... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6237a8343a8413c6530000b2 |
factoid | What is the Daughterless gene? | ['The daughterless (da) gene in Drosophila encodes a broadly expressed transcriptional regulator whose specific functions in the control of sex determination and neurogenesis have been extensively examined.'] | ['The daughterless (da) gene in Drosophila encodes a broadly expressed transcriptional regulator whose specific functions in the control of sex determination and neurogenesis have been extensively examined.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11731451",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8217842",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8149916"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11731451",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 227,
"text": "As the only class I helix-loop-helix transcription factor in Drosophila, Daughterless (Da) has generally been rega... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 622d1ed13a8413c6530000a3 |
factoid | What is amphiregulin a ligand of? | ['epidermal growth factor receptor'] | ['Amphiregulin (AREG) is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34893673"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34893673",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 73,
"text": "Amphiregulin (AREG) is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand."
}
] | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6237a8a33a8413c6530000b3 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.