type stringclasses 1 value | question stringlengths 13 210 | answer stringlengths 5 521 | ideal_answer stringlengths 9 22.1k | documents listlengths 1 133 | snippets listlengths 0 125 | asq_challenge int64 5 13 | folder_name stringclasses 6 values | concepts listlengths 0 23 ⌀ | triples listlengths 0 4.35k ⌀ | id stringlengths 24 24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
factoid | Where is the organ of Corti located? | ['In the inner ear'] | ['The cochlea, a coiled structure located in the ventral region of the inner ear, acts as the primary structure for the perception of sound. Along the length of the cochlear spiral is the organ of Corti, a highly derived and rigorously patterned sensory epithelium that acts to convert auditory stimuli into neural impulses.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32571852",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31939628",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32393641",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32154838",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32579963"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31939628",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 273,
"offsetInEndSection": 436,
"text": "We used mouse cochlear hair cells and House Ear Institute‑Organ of Corti 1 (HEI‑OC1) cells to explore the relati... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 60805c344e6a4cf630000001 |
factoid | What is the function of the stard10 protein? | ['STARD10 is a lipid transfer protein'] | ['STARD10, a member of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)-related lipid transfer (START) protein family, is highly expressed in the liver and has been shown to transfer phosphatidylcholine.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23200860",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15976441",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15911624"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23200860",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 202,
"text": "STARD10, a member of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)-related lipid transfer (START) protein fami... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 608069984e6a4cf630000006 |
factoid | What is the target of adalimumab? | ['TNF', 'TNFα', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha'] | ['adalimumab is an anti-tumour necrosis factor (tf)-α antibody.', 'Adalimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against tumor necrosis factor-alpha, a central cytokine in the immune response in psoriasis that has already been shown to be an effective target for therapy. Targeted drugs against key pathogenetic molecules such as TNF-alpha have significantly improved outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They are widely used in clinical practice and drug registries give us information to support their use.', 'Adalimumab is a fully human anti-TNF-alpha IgG1-κ monoclonal antibody.', 'Adalimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody against TNF-alpha.', 'The objective of this study was to assess the relative importance of local versus systemic interactions between adalimumab and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), identify localization of the site of adalimumab action and assess the efficacy of local (intra-articular) versus systemic adalimumab administration for treatment of RA', 'Adalimumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets TNF-alpha, a central cytokine in the immune response in psoriasis that has been linked to autoimmune disease.', 'Adalimumab is a fully human anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody.', 'Adalimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against tumor necrosis factor-alpha, a central cytokine in the immune response in psoriasis that has already been shown to be an effective target for therapy.', 'Adalimumab is a human anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody that has been reported to demonstrate clinical efficacy and safety, resulting in reversal of epidermal hyperplasia and cutaneous inflammation. The major pathway of TNFα elimination from the synovial fluid (∼77% for subcutaneous administration, and ∼72% for intravenous and intra-articular administration of adgalimumab 40 mg) is interaction with adalumumab, which reaches the joints following local or systemic administration.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16164218",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18680684",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30701218",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25381481",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19707417",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29752913",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22540283",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 532,
"offsetInEndSection": 887,
"text": "The objective of this study was to assess the relative importance of local versus systemic interactions between ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fe31305a43ad3127800003b |
factoid | Which gene is implicated in the metabolism of codeine, and its polymorphisms in the mother can pose a risk to breastfeeding children? | ['CYP2D6'] | ['Mothers with a CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer phenotype may expose their infants to risk of adverse events when taking codeine while breastfeeding, by producing more of the active metabolite, morphine.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28696420"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28696420",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 200,
"text": "Mothers with a CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer phenotype may expose their infants to risk of adverse events when tak... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606ae4fd94d57fd879000056 |
factoid | What is the cause of the Kleefstra syndrome? | ['Mutations in the Euchromatic Histone Methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1)'] | ['Mutations in the Euchromatic Histone Methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1) gene cause Kleefstra syndrome, a rare form of intellectual disability (ID) with strong autistic traits and sensory processing deficits.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32531423",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32975655",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30585561",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31750954",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32539280"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31750954",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 182,
"text": "Kleefstra syndrome is a rare neurogenetic disorder caused by a subtelomeric 9q34.3 deletion or by an intragenic mu... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 60805e204e6a4cf630000002 |
factoid | The Shingrix vaccine is used to prevent what disease? | ['Postherpetic neuralgia, also known as Shingles', 'herpes zooster'] | ['Shingrix is a 4-component vaccine against capsular herpes zoster (4CZV), which has recently been licensed in Europe, Canada and Australia.', 'the shingrix vaccine is used for the prevention of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia.', 'Shingrix vaccine is used for prevention of herpes zoster.', 'The Shingrix vaccine is used for prevention of herpes zoster.', 'The Shingrix vaccine prevents Postherpetic neuralgia, also known as Shingles, which is caused by herpes zoster (HZ)'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32999027",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31399377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33067034",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31423396",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30145235",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33163688",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32606264",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 514,
"text": "Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a challenging condition for pain management specialists. The prevention of herpes ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601c17c21cb411341a00000e |
factoid | Which class of genomic elements was assessed as part of the FANTOM6 project? | ['Long noncoding RNAs', 'lncRNAs'] | ['Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute the majority of transcripts in the mammalian genomes, and yet, their functions remain largely unknown. As part of the FANTOM6 project, the expression of 285 lncRNAs was systematically knocked down in human dermal fibroblasts. Cellular growth, morphological changes, and transcriptomic responses were quantified using Capped Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE).', 'The functional annotation of the mammalian genome 6 (FANTOM6) project aims to systematically map all human long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in a gene-dependent manner through dedicated efforts from national and international teams'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32718982",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33211864"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32718982",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 872,
"text": "Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute the majority of transcripts in the mammalian genomes, and yet, their func... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 602a84ae1cb411341a000116 |
factoid | Which molecule is targeted by Camrelizumab? | ['PD-1', 'programmed death-1'] | ['Camrelizumab is a humanised antibody that targets programmed death-1 (PD-1) ligand.', 'Camrelizumab is PD-1 (programmed cell death-1 receptor) inhibitor that is used for treatment of cancer.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31939447",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31939448",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30213452",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32112738",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32416073",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32499235",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30213452",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 333,
"offsetInEndSection": 417,
"text": "Camrelizumab (SHR-1210) is a humanised anti-programmed death-1 (anti PD-1) antibody."
},
{
"beginSection... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 602828b11cb411341a0000fc |
factoid | What is a foam cell? | ['A foam cell is prominently derived from monocyte-differentiated macrophage, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through unlimitedly phagocytizing oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)'] | ['Foam cell, a hallmark of atherosclerosis, is prominently derived from monocyte-differentiated macrophage, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through unlimitedly phagocytizing oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Therefore, the inhibition of monocyte adhesion to endothelium and uptake of oxLDL might be a breakthrough point for retarding atherosclerosis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31945610",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31938053",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012706",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31894855",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31909985",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31967154"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31938053",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 90,
"offsetInEndSection": 455,
"text": "Foam cell, a hallmark of atherosclerosis, is prominently derived from monocyte-differentiated macrophage, and vas... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6086f0ef4e6a4cf630000011 |
factoid | What class of drugs frequently has muscle pain and other muscle toxicities such as mysositis and rhabdomyolysis as a side effect? | ['statins'] | [' Muscular complaints are known side-effects of statin therapy, ranging from myalgia to clinically important myositis and rhabdomyolysis.', '3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase reductase inhibitors (statins) are generally well tolerated, with statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) the most common side effect (~10%) seen in statin users.', 'The most commonly experienced side-effect of statin medication is muscle pain', "A class of drug called a statin. It's a drug that works by reducing the amount of cholesterol in the body, which is what causes muscle fatigue.", 'statins are generally well tolerated, with statin-associated muscle symptoms (sams) the most common side effect (~10%) seen in statin users.', 'Statin use has been associated with an increased risk of glucocorticoid-induced rhabdomyolysis as well as with adverse effects such as mysositis and hypercholesterolemia.', '3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase reductase inhibitors, a class of drugs called statins are generally well tolerated, with statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) such as muscle pain, myositis, and rarely rhabdomyolysis, the most common side effect (~10%) seen in statin users.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17143099",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940267",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20195425",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26402985",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27870723",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33194498",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27870723",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 223,
"text": "3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase reductase inhibitors (statins) are generally well tolerated, with... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601ff4a61cb411341a000076 |
factoid | Which cytokine molecule activates SMADs? | ['TGFbeta', 'TGFβ'] | ['SMADs are activated by Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta)', 'smads are activated by transforming growth factor-β (tgf-β).', 'SMADs are activated by Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)', 'TGF-β1 effects appear to be mediated through the canonical Smad pathway.', 'SMADs are activated by Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta).', 'In an NEC animal model, oral administration of the isoform TGF-β1 activated the downstream effector Smad2 in intestine and significantly reduced NEC incidence Transcription factor specificity protein 1 modulates TGFβ1/Smad signaling to negatively regulate SIGIRR expression by human M1 macrophages stimulated with substance P.', 'The protein expression of TGF‑β1/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad) and phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways was evaluated by western blotting regulates the ERK/MAPK pathway independent of the SMAD pathway', 'Activated SMADs are phosphorylated by TGF-β superfamily type I receptors at two serine residues at an S-M/V-S motif at their extreme C-terminus. Once phosphorylated, activated R-SMADs form complexes with SMAD4, which accumulate in the nucleus where they activate or repress transcription.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29973939",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15225217",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21975932",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16998902",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12957874",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23347175",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24129565",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 421,
"offsetInEndSection": 579,
"text": "In an NEC animal model, oral administration of the isoform TGF-β1 activated the downstream effector Smad2 in int... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fe3131fa43ad3127800004a |
factoid | What are common variants at 12q14 and 12q24 associated with? | ['Hippocampal volume'] | ["Common variants at 12q14 and 12q24 are associated with hippocampal volume. Aging is associated with reductions in hippocampal volume that are accelerated by Alzheimer's disease and vascular risk factors.", 'Common variants at 12q14 and 12q24 are associated with hippocampal volume. As we age, our hippocampus (the part of the brain that is responsible for memory and cognition) becomes less and less efficient at storing information. As a result, the volume of the hippocampus shrinks.', 'Common variants at 12q14 and 12q24 are associated with hippocampal volume.', "Aging is associated with reductions in hippocampal volume that are accelerated by Alzheimer's disease and vascular risk factors. Common variants at 12q14 and 12q24 are associated with hippocampal volume."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22504421",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24361131"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22504421",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 74,
"text": "Common variants at 12q14 and 12q24 are associated with hippocampal volume."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 60281eb11cb411341a0000f5 |
factoid | Which mutation is targeted by Sotorasib? | ['KRASG12C'] | ['Sotorasib is a small molecule that selectively and irreversibly targets KRASG12C.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32955176",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33097477",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33004338"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33097477",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 139,
"offsetInEndSection": 290,
"text": "In a phase I trial, the KRASG12C inhibitor sotorasib elicited responses in about a third of patients with the di... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601d74681cb411341a000042 |
factoid | When is DELE1 exiting the mitochondrion? | ['Upon stress'] | ['Mitochondrial stress stimulates OMA1-dependent cleavage of DELE1 and leads to the accumulation of DELE1 in the cytosol.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32132707",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32132706"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32132706",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1025,
"offsetInEndSection": 1201,
"text": " stress-induced activation of OMA1 causes DELE1 to be cleaved into a short form that accumulates in the cytoso... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 603404f41cb411341a00014f |
factoid | Which histone mark is recognized by HP1? | ['H3K9me'] | ['h3k9me3 is the major histone mark that is recognized by hp1.', 'Here, we present structural, energetic, and mutational analyses of the complex between the Drosophila HP1 chromodomain and the histone H3 tail with a methyllysine at residue 9, a modification associated with epigenetic silencing Methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 creates a binding site for HP1 proteins.', 'Histone H3 at lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3)', 'Histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me3)', 'Methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 creates a binding site for HP1 proteins. We show that methylated lysine 9 of histone H3 (Me9H3) is a marker of heterochromatin in divergent animal species.', 'HP1 can bind with high affinity to histone H3 methylated at lysine 9 but not at lysine 4. Methylation of lysine 9 in histone H3 is recognized by heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), which directs the binding of other proteins to control chromatin structure and gene expression.', 'Methylation of lysine 9 in histone H3 is recognized by heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), which directs the binding of other proteins to control chromatin structure and gene expression.', 'Methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 creates a binding site for HP1 proteins. Here we show that mammalian methyltransferases that selectively methylate histone H3 on lysine 9 (Suv39h HMTases) generate a binding site for HP1 proteins--a family of heterochromatic adaptor molecules implicated in both gene silencing and supra-nucleosomal chromatin structure.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11242054",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27733730",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16222246",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19788305",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17406994",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11859155",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11242054",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 446,
"offsetInEndSection": 552,
"text": "Here we show that HP1 can bind with high affinity to histone H3 methylated at lysine 9 but not at lysine 4"
},... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ebac76b0d431b5f7300000d |
factoid | What is the function of the HSJ1 proteins? | ['HSJ1 are chaperones.'] | ['HSJ1 is a neuronal enriched member of the HSP40/DNAJ co-chaperone family.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28031292",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21625540",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22522442",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25274842"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28031292",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 121,
"text": "HSJ1 (DNAJB2), a member of the DNAJ family of molecular chaperones, is a key player in neuronal proteostasis maint... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6081b64d4e6a4cf63000000a |
factoid | What is the indication for zolmitriptan? | ['migraine', 'headache'] | ['Development of a novel zolmitriptan intracutaneous microneedle system (Qtrypta™) for the acute treatment of migraine', 'Zolmitriptan is an effective medicine used in the treatment of migraine.', 'zolmitriptan is approved for the treatment of migraine.', 'zolmitriptan is approved for migraine treatment.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14642738",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9399013",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9399012",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9170337",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9399017",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14743270",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31889312",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 556,
"text": "here are many new treatment options available for migraine and more are coming. Three calcitonin gene-related pept... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601dbe2b1cb411341a00004d |
factoid | What percentage of C. elegans genes reside in operons? | ['15%'] | ['Nearly 15% of the ~20,000 C. elegans genes are contained in operons, multigene clusters controlled by a single promoter. Our evidence indicates that the genome contains at least 1,000 operons, 2 8 genes long, that contain about 15% of all C. elegans genes.', 'Nearly 15% of the ~20,000 C. elegans genes are contained in operons, multigene clusters controlled by a single promoter.', 'Approximately 15% of the genes in C. elegans are operons.', 'Nearly 15% of the ~20,000 C. elegans genes are contained in operons, multigene clusters controlled by a single promoter. Both methods indicate that the pre-mRNAs of about 70% of Caenorhabditis elegans genes are trans-spliced and as many as a quarter are transcribed in these operons.', 'about 15% of genes in Caenorhabditis elegans, a model organism belonging to Nematoda, reside in operons (Blumenthal et al. 2002; Blumenthal and Gleason 2003). For two reasons, nematode and prokaryotic operons are believed to have separate origins.', 'Our evidence indicates that the genome contains at least 1,000 operons, 2 8 genes long, that contain about 15% of all C. elegans genes. Nearly 15% of the ~20,000 C. elegans genes are contained in operons, multigene clusters controlled by a single promoter.', 'Our data indicate that 15% of the genes in C. elegans reside in operons.', 'Approximately 15% of the genes in C. elegans are located in operons, of which at least 15% are known to date.', 'Nearly 15% of the ~20,000 C. elegans genes are contained in operons, multigene clusters controlled by a single promoter. Our evidence indicates that the genome contains at least 1,000 operons, 2 8 genes long, that contain about 15% of all C. elegans genes. Because operons account for about 15% of the genes in C. elegans, this lower duplication frequency might place a large constraint on the plasticity of the genome.', 'Nearly 15% of the ~20,000 C. elegans genes are contained in operons, multigene clusters controlled by a single promoter. Because operons account for about 15% of the genes in C. elegans, this lower duplication frequency might place a large constraint on the plasticity of the genome.', 'Our evidence indicates that the genome contains at least 1,000 operons, 2 8 genes long, that contain about 15% of all C. elegans genes. Because operons account for about 15% of the genes in C. elegans, this lower duplication frequency might place a large constraint on the plasticity of the genome.', 'Approximately 15% of the genes in C. elegans are located in operons.', 'About 15% of all C. elegans genes reside in operons. URL_0 > Nearly 15 percent of the ~20,000 C. Elegans genes are contained in operon, multigene clusters controlled by a single promoter.', 'Evidence indicates that the genome of C. elegans contains at least 1,000 operons, 2 8 genes long, that contain about 15% of all C. elegans genes.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20382830",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16752214",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27631780",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12386927",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12075352",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25936768",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25936768",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 120,
"text": "Nearly 15% of the ~20,000 C. elegans genes are contained in operons, multigene clusters controlled by a single pro... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fe09c99a43ad31278000033 |
factoid | What is the most advanced phase of clinical trial that fingolimod has entered? | ['phase IV'] | ['Fingolimod has been assessed in phase IV clinical trials.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29938336"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29938336",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 246,
"offsetInEndSection": 437,
"text": "In this longitudinal, 2-year prospective, phase IV, single-blind study, 40 MS patients treated with fingolimod a... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 60527e8c94d57fd879000012 |
factoid | What is caused by a gain-of-function mutation in CLCN2? | ['Primary aldosteronism'] | ['A gain-of-function mutation in the CLCN2 chloride channel gene causes primary aldosteronism, which is the most common and curable form of arterial hypertension.', 'A gain-of-function mutation in the CLCN2 chloride channel gene causes primary aldosteronism. ', 'A gain-of-function mutation in the CLCN2 chloride channel gene causes primary aldosteronism. The leukodystrophy of Glialcam, which is encoded in the gene, is associated with dysregulated extracellular ion homeostasis, and abnormal RPE cell function.', 'Primary aldosteronism is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by gain-of-function mutations in CLCN2 and clinically characterized by severe intrauterine and post-natal growth retardation', 'A gain-of-function mutation in the CLCN2 chloride channel gene causes primary aldosteronism.', 'Primary aldosteronism is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by gain-of-function mutations in CLCN2.', 'A gain-of-function mutation in the CLCN2 chloride channel gene causes primary aldosteronism. Primary aldosteronism is the most common and curable form of secondary arterial hypertension.', 'Primary aldosteronism is the most common and curable form of secondary arterial hypertension. A gain-of-function mutation in the CLCN2 chloride channel gene causes primary aldosteronism.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29403011",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29403012"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29403012",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 92,
"text": "A gain-of-function mutation in the CLCN2 chloride channel gene causes primary aldosteronism."
},
{
"beginSection"... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 605fb41094d57fd879000039 |
factoid | What is the mode of administration of Ubrogepant? | ['oral'] | ['Ubrogepant (MK-1602) is administered orally.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31537107",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31899602",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31758661",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29136283",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32020557"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31758661",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 181,
"text": "Ubrogepant (MK-1602) is a novel, oral, calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist in clinical development... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6026d8bf1cb411341a0000ce |
factoid | Which animal bite can cause Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection? | ['Dog'] | ['Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection is typically associated with dog bites, especially in asplenic or immunocompromised patients, and typically manifest as sepsis and/or bacteremia.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20407357",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25828064",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30706413",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16904274",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31857872",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29593919",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30706413",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 188,
"text": "INTRODUCTION: Capnocytophaga canimorsus infections are associated with dog bites, especially in asplenic or immuno... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6020a9f11cb411341a000080 |
factoid | What is the function of lysozyme? | ['lysozyme is an antimicrobial enzyme.'] | ['Lysozymes are an ancient group of antimicrobial enzymes of the innate immune system. Lysozyme activity is a marker of Paneth cell function.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32730854",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31790908",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31989035"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31989035",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 819,
"offsetInEndSection": 871,
"text": "Lysozyme activity (a marker of Paneth cell function)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6032ba631cb411341a00014b |
factoid | What methodology does the HercepTest use? | ['immunohistochemistry', 'ICH'] | ['The HercepTest is immunohistochemistry based.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32256703"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32256703",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 523,
"offsetInEndSection": 677,
"text": " The expression of HER2 was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using DAKO-HercepTest™ and gene amplificati... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606c34ff94d57fd879000078 |
factoid | Which R/Bioconductor package has been developed for gene expression signature searching? | ['SignatureSearch'] | ['SignatureSearch is an R/Bioconductor package that integrates a suite of existing and novel algorithms into an analysis environment for gene expression signature (ESE) searching combined with functional enrichment analysis (FEA) and visualization methods to facilitate the interpretation of the search results.', 'SignatureSearch is an R/Bioconductor package that integrates a suite of existing and novel algorithms into an analysis environment for gene expression signature (ESE) searching combined with functional enrichment analysis (FEA) and visualization methods to facilitate the interpretation of the search results. To identify which processes are predominantly modulated in the GESS results, FEA methods are combined with drug-target network visualization tools. The provided analysis tools are useful for studying the effects of genetic, chemical and environmental perturbations on biological systems, as well as searching single cell GES databases to identify novel network connections or cell types', 'SignatureSearch is an R/Bioconductor package that integrates a suite of existing and novel algorithms into an analysis environment for gene expression signature (GES) searching combined with functional enrichment analysis (FEA) and visualization methods to facilitate the interpretation of the search results.', 'SignatureSearch is an R/Bioconductor package that integrates a suite of existing and novel algorithms into an analysis environment for gene expression signature (GES) searching combined with functional enrichment analysis (FEA) and visualization methods to facilitate the interpretation of the search results. The provided analysis tools are useful for studying the effects of genetic, chemical and environmental perturbations on biological systems, as well as searching single cell GES databases to identify novel network connections or cell types.', 'SignatureSearch is an R/Bioconductor package that integrates a suite of existing and novel algorithms into an analysis environment for gene expression signature (ANS) searching combined with functional enrichment analysis (FEA) and visualization methods to facilitate the interpretation of the search results.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33068417"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33068417",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "signatureSearch: environment for gene expression signature searching and functional interpretation."
},
{
"beginS... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601ebde11cb411341a00005d |
factoid | Which molecule is targeted by Upadacitinib? | ['Janus kinase 1'] | ['Upadacitinib is a Janus kinase 1 inhibitor developed for treatment of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis.', 'Upadacitinib is a Janus kinase 1 inhibitor under development for the treatment of several inflammatory disorders including rheumatoid arthritis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31287230",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31781755",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31867699",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29688617",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31130260",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30973649",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28765121",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1255,
"offsetInEndSection": 1554,
"text": "We summarise the development and recent application of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in the treatment of IMIDs... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601c317a1cb411341a000014 |
factoid | On what chromosome is the gene for "SILVER" coat color found for the domestic cat? | ['D2', 'chromosome D2'] | ['Linkage mapping defined a genomic region for SILVER as a 3.3-Mb region, (95.87-99.21 Mb) on chromosome D2 in the domestic cat.', 'the gene for "silver" coat color found for the domestic cat is located on chromosome d2.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19398491"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19398491",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 367,
"offsetInEndSection": 472,
"text": "Linkage mapping defined a genomic region for SILVER as a 3.3-Mb region, (95.87-99.21 Mb) on chromosome D2"
},
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601db60e1cb411341a000049 |
factoid | What is the prevalence of poor metabolizers of CYP2C19 among Southern Asians compared to East Asians? | ['higher'] | ['Southeast Asians exhibit a higher prevalence of CYP2C19-poor metabolisers compared with Caucasians and East Asians.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31846723"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31846723",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 136,
"offsetInEndSection": 338,
"text": "There is paucity of data on voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) among Southeast Asians, who exhibit a... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606ad07394d57fd879000050 |
factoid | Which R/Bioconductor package has been developed for network-based differential expression analysis? | ['INDEED'] | ['INDEED is an R/Bioconductor package for network based differential expression analysis. INDEED allows users to construct a sparse network based on partial correlation, and to identify biomolecules that have significant changes both at individual expression and pairwise interaction levels.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31179159"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31179159",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 68,
"text": "INDEED: R package for network based differential expression analysis"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"docum... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601d79e01cb411341a000047 |
factoid | Which database contains gene expression data for yeast? | ['ExpressDB'] | ['We developed the ExpressDB database for yeast RNA expression data and loaded it with approximately 17.5 million pieces of data reported by 11 studies with three different kinds of high-throughput RNA assays.', 'The MOPED database (http://arep.med.har. Edu/ expressDB) provides access to extensive gene expression data from yeast genomes.', 'We developed the ExpressDB database for yeast RNA expression data and loaded it with approximately 17.5 million pieces of data reported by 11 studies with three different kinds of high-throughput RNA assays. MOPED (Multi-Omics Profiling Expression Database; http://moped.proteinspire.org) has transitioned from solely a protein expression database to a multi-omics resource for human and model organisms.', 'The ExpressDB database is a database for yeast RNA expression data. The FED database is for fungal gene expression data for yeast.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25024351",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10779484",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20025988",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25404128",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24350770"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10779484",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 109,
"offsetInEndSection": 316,
"text": "We developed the ExpressDB database for yeast RNA expression data and loaded it with approximately 17.5 million ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fe30efea43ad31278000038 |
factoid | Which CYP gene polymorphism is a well-known predictor of efavirenz disposition? | ['CYP2B6 G516T', 'rs3745274'] | ['Cytochrome P450 (CYP) CYP2B6 G516T (rs3745274) is a well-known predictor of efavirenz disposition.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31514420",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31628422"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31628422",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 125,
"offsetInEndSection": 223,
"text": "Cytochrome P450 (CYP) CYP2B6 G516T (rs3745274) is a well-known predictor of efavirenz disposition."
}
] | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606b5ba794d57fd879000067 |
factoid | What is the role of the IRE1a-XBP1 pathway? | ['Promotion of T helper cell differentiation by resolving secretory stress and accelerating proliferation'] | ['The IRE1a-XBP1 pathway is a conserved adaptive mediator of the unfolded protein response, playing an important role in the regulation of cell differentiation.', 'The IRE1a-XBP1 pathway is a conserved adaptive mediator of the unfolded protein response, playing an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation.', 'The inositol-requiring enzyme 1a (IRE1a)/X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) pathway plays crucial roles in cell survival and cell death by upregulating UPR-associated genes involved in protein entry into the endoplasmic reticulum and ER-associated degradation (ERAD).', 'The IRE1a-XBP1 pathway is a conserved adaptive mediator of the unfold protein response.', 'The IRE1a-XBP1 pathway is a conserved adaptive mediator of the unfolded protein response. The pathway is indispensable for the development of secretory cells by facilitating protein folding and enhancing secretory capacity.', 'The IRE1a-XBP1 pathway is a conserved adaptive mediator of the unfolded protein response.', 'Genome-wide analyses reveal the IRE1a-XBP1 pathway promotes T helper cell differentiation by resolving secretory stress and accelerating proliferation.', 'The IRE1a-XBP1 pathway is a conserved adaptive mediator of the unfolded protein response. It is indispensable for the development of secretory cells by facilitating protein folding and enhancing secretory capacity.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30355343"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30355343",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 151,
"text": "Genome-wide analyses reveal the IRE1a-XBP1 pathway promotes T helper cell differentiation by resolving secretory stress ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 605cc21d94d57fd879000036 |
factoid | What methodology does the FoundationOne CDx test use? | ['next generation sequencing', 'NGS'] | ['FoundationOne CDx is a next generation sequencing (NGS) based test.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32393302"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32393302",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 585,
"offsetInEndSection": 748,
"text": "Genetic alterations and TMB were determined by FoundationOne CDx next generation sequencing (NGS) and the associ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606b800994d57fd879000071 |
factoid | Which R/bioconductor package exists for discovery of intergenic transcripts? | ['PRAM', 'Pooling RNA-seq and Assembling Models'] | ["To increase the power of transcript discovery from large collection of RNA-seq data sets, a novel '1-Step' approach named pooling RNA-Seq and Assembling Models (PRAM) has been developed that build transcript models from pooled RNA- sequencing data sets. PRAM is implemented as an R/Bioconductor package.", 'PRAM is a novel pooling approach for discoveries of intergenic transcripts from large-scale RNA sequencing experiments.', 'PRAM is a novel pooling approach for discovering intergenic transcripts from large-scale RNA sequencing experiments. PRAM is implemented as an R/Bioconductor package. It covers raw reads alignment, RNA methylation site detection, motif discovery and functional analysis. More than 50% of reconstructed transcripts represent novel transcriptome elements, including 8,343 novel exons and exon extensions of annotated coding genes, 11,217 novel antisense transcripts and 29,541 novel intergenic transcript or their fragments showing canonical features of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).', 'Pooling RNA-seq and Assembling Models (PRAM) is a novel approach for discovering intergenic transcripts from large-scale RNA sequencing experiments. Applying PRAM to 30 human ENCODE RNA-seq data sets identified unannotated transcripts with epigenetic signatures similar to those of recently annotated transcripts.', 'PRAM (Pooling RNA-seq and Assembling Models) is a novel pooling approach for discovering intergenic transcripts from large-scale RNA sequencing experiments.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32958497"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32958497",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "PRAM: a novel pooling approach for discovering intergenic transcripts from large-scale RNA sequencing experiments."
},... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6060701c94d57fd87900003c |
factoid | Where is corticosterone synthesized? | ['Adrenal glands'] | ['Following a stressful event, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis mediates the release of the stress hormone cortisol (corticosterone in rodents; CORT).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30318934",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32347034",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31953122",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32047871",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31972205"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32347034",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1094,
"offsetInEndSection": 1298,
"text": ", the adrenal levels of aldosterone, corticosterone, and pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were det... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606b390f94d57fd879000062 |
factoid | Which particular intersex phenotype is related to steroid reductase? | ['male pseudohermaphroditism'] | ['Steroid reductase mutations are associated with both sex-determining and non-syndromic hypospadias', 'Virilization of the external genitalia in the male fetus requires testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is formed from testosterone by the action of the enzyme, 5alpha-reductase type 2 (5alphaR-2). Numerous cases of male pseudohermaphroditism due to 5 alpha reductase-2 deficiency have been identified.', 'Mutations in the steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 gene are the cause of 5 alpha reductase deficiency. In the 20 yr since it was established that impairment of dihydrotestosterone formation is a cause of a rare form of human intersex, a wealth of information has accumulated about the genetics, endocrinology, and variable phenotypic manifestations.', 'Hypospadias is a rare form of intersex due to reduced activity of steroid reductase 5 alpha-reductase.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21893969",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31981690",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9247984",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24383016",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11392378",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25077171",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9247984",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "Gender identity and role in a pedigree of Arabs with intersex due to 5 alpha reductase-2 deficiency"
},
{
"beginSe... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fd779b4a43ad31278000004 |
factoid | Which gene is responsible for the Liebenberg syndrome? | ['PITX1', ''] | ['Liebenberg syndrome is a genetic disease caused by heterozygous mutations or deletions of the zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) gene. Patients present with prominent neurological, medical, and behavioral symptoms.', 'We discuss the genetic abnormality that causes Liebenberg syndrome, the genomic rearrangement at the PITX1 locus on chromosome 5', 'We re-define the phenotype of Liebenberg syndrome as a transformation of the upper limbs to reflect lower limb characteristics. We speculate that the area of deletion contains a regulatory sequence that suppresses the expression of PITX1 in the upper limb buds.', 'Liebenberg syndrome is caused by genetic changes near the PITX1 gene. The protein produced from this gene plays a critical role in lower limb development by controlling the activity of other genes involved in limb development, directing the shape and structure of bones and other tissues in the legs and feet.', 'Liebenberg syndrome is a genetic disease caused by heterozygous mutations or deletions of the zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) gene.', 'Liebenberg syndrome is a genetic disease caused by heterozygous mutations or deletions of the zinc finger E-box-binding homeodomain complex 1 (PITX1) gene.', 'Liebenberg syndrome is caused by a deletion upstream to the PITX1 gene resulting in transformation of the upper limbs to reflect lower limb characteristics The deleted region is upstream to the PITX1 gene.', 'Liebenberg syndrome is caused by a deletion upstream to the PITX1 gene resulting in transformation of the upper limbs to reflect lower limb characteristics'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23940102",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30711920",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23587911",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23022097",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23395106",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32598510"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23587911",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "Liebenberg syndrome is caused by a deletion upstream to the PITX1 gene resulting in transformation of the upper limbs to... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fdb1023a43ad31278000009 |
factoid | Which is the main ligand for the glucocorticoid receptor? | ['cortisol'] | ['Glucocorticoids (GC) such as cortisol regulate multiple physiological functions, notably those involved in development, metabolism, inflammatory processes and stress, and exert their effects upon binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR, encoded by NR3C1 gene in humans).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32381682",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32528419",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31995340",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32607951"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31995340",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 274,
"text": "Glucocorticoids (GC) such as cortisol regulate multiple physiological functions, notably those involved in develop... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606b396994d57fd879000063 |
factoid | What is the function of the Eyeless associated gene in Drosophila? | ['transcription factor', 'transcriptional regulator', 'eye development'] | ['Eyeless (ey) also known as Pax6, is one of the most critical transcription factors for initiating the entire eye development in Drosophila.', 'Theeye-associated Pax6 gene controls neuronal navigation in Drosophila.', 'Eyeless (ey) is one of the most critical transcription factors for initiating the entire eye development in Drosophila. Two Pax6 genes are in Drosophila: eyeless (ey) and twin of eyeless (toy)', 'Eyeless (ey) is one of the most critical transcription factors for initiating the entire eye development in Drosophila.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11536287",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10198632",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9159393",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15253940",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11804780",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30706848",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30706848",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 394,
"offsetInEndSection": 538,
"text": "Moreover, we found that the temporal transcription factor (TTF) Eyeless/Pax6 regulates the development of two re... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6068640894d57fd87900004b |
factoid | What percent of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients are not responding to anti-TNF therapy? | ['30%'] | ['These therapies are, however, expensive and 30% of patients fail to respond.', 'Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents have revolutionized the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These therapies are, however, expensive and 30% of patients fail to respond. After 6 months, 18% had a good EULAR response, of whom 9% were considered to be in remission and 50% had a moderate response.', 'Despite this, a substantial proportion of patients (approximately 30-40%) fail to respond to these potentially toxic and expensive therapies. Treatment strategies blocking tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) have proven very successful in patients with RA, showing beneficial effects in approximately 25% of the patients.', 'Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents have revolutionized the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These therapies are, however, expensive and 30% of patients fail to respond. By contrast, those patients who had failed to respond to 2 or more anti-TNF agents had a 72.5% lower probability of achieving a moderate to good EULAR response.', 'Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents have revolutionized the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These therapies are, however, expensive and 30% of patients fail to respond', 'Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents have revolutionized the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These therapies are, however, expensive and 30% of patients fail to respond.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16705046",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19211043",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18713756",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17354663",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27974105",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20444755",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18713756",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 196,
"text": "Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents have revolutionized the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fe31307a43ad3127800003d |
factoid | Which component of the Influenza A Virus affects mRNA transcription termination? | ['NS1', 'The IAV NS1 protein'] | ['Defective Pol II termination occurs independently of the ability of the viral NS1 protein to interfere with host mRNA processing. Instead, this termination defect is a common effect of diverse cellular stresses and underlies the production of previously reported downstream-of-gene transcripts (DoGs).', "Influenza A virus (IAV) infection induces global transcriptional defects at the 3' ends of active host genes and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) run-through into extragenic regions. This phenomenon occurs with multiple strains of IAV, is dependent on influenza NS1 protein, and can be modulated by SUMOylation of an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of NS1 expressed by the 1918 pandemic IAV strain"] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21118126",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6328745",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29768209",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30177761",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18631147",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21207185",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21207185",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2059,
"offsetInEndSection": 2232,
"text": "Optimized conditions are presented for the T7 and SP6 phage polymerase systems to minimize these early termina... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e4e3cee6d0a277941000030 |
factoid | What effect does Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) have on inflammation? | ['reduces inflammation'] | ['Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a sulfur-based nutritional supplement that is purported to have pain and inflammation-reducing effects.', 'Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is an anti-inflammatory drug with anti-proinflammatory activity', 'Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) exerts anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of inflammation', 'These findings indicate that MSM may protect against inflammation in the heart', 'Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is an anti-inflammatory agent that acts by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine production and epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation.', 'Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) exerts anti-inflammatory activity in the body', 'Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a naturally occurring compound that demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects in humans and various animal and cell culture models.', 'Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a sulfur-based compound that is purported to have anti-inflammatory and inflammation-reducing effects. URL_0'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32619204",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28300758",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32234879",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32466845",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23595869",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23013531",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30038844",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 415,
"offsetInEndSection": 575,
"text": "Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a naturally occurring compound that demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects in hum... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e52cb6d6d0a277941000050 |
factoid | Which R package can infer protein-protein interactions via thermal proximity coaggregation (TPCA)? | ['Rtpca'] | ['Rtpca is an R package implemented methods for inferring protein-protein interactions (PPIs) based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called thermal proximity coaggregation. It offers user-friendly tools to explore datasets for their PPI predictive performance and easily integrates with available R packages.', 'Rtpca is an R package implemented methods for inferring protein-protein interactions (PPIs) based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called Thermal proximity coaggregation. It offers user-friendly tools to explore datasets for their PPI predictive performance and easily integrates with available R packages.', 'Rtpca is an R package implementing methods for inferring protein-protein interactions based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called thermal proximity coaggregation (TPCA). Rtpca can be used for high-throughput intracellular monitoring of protein complex dynamics.', 'Rtpca is an R package implementing methods for inferring protein-protein interactions based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called thermal proximity coaggregation (TPCA). Rtpca was reported to be able to integrate downloaded protein/protein interaction information from different online databases with private data to construct new and personalized interaction networks.', 'Rtpca is an R package implementing methods for inferring protein-protein interactions based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called thermal proximity coaggregation (TPCA).', 'Rtpca is an R package implementing methods for inferring protein-protein interactions based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called thermal proximity coaggregation (TPCA). It offers user-friendly tools to explore datasets for their protein-protein interaction predictive performance and easily integrates with available R packages.', 'Rtpca is an R package implementing methods for inferring protein-protein interactions based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called thermal proximity coaggregation (TPCA)', 'Rtpca is an R package for differential thermal proximity coaggregation analysis. It is based on a model of thermal proximity (TFD) analysis performed by combining multiple layers of TSSs with TSSS (TSC) and TSSF (TSS-FANCA) data.', 'Rtpca is an R package implementing methods for inferring protein-protein interactions (PPIs) based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called thermal proximity coaggregation.', 'Rtpca is an R package implemented methods for inferring protein-protein interactions (PPIs) based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called Thermal proximity coaggregation (TPCA). It offers user-friendly tools to explore datasets for their PPI predictive performance and easily integrates with available R packages.', 'Rtpca is an R package implemented methods for inferring protein-protein interactions (PPIs) based on Thermal proteome profiling experiments or in a differential setting via an approach called Thermal proximity coaggregation. It offers user-friendly tools to explore datasets for their PPI predictive performance and easily integrates with available R packages.', 'Rtpca is an R package implementing methods for inferring protein-protein interactions based on thermal proteome profiling experiments of a single condition or in a differential setting via an approach called thermal proximity coaggregation (TPCA) It offers user-friendly tools to explore datasets for their protein-protein interaction predictive performance and easily integrates with available R packages.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32717044"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32717044",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 78,
"text": "Rtpca: an R package for differential thermal proximity coaggregation analysis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606074ab94d57fd87900003e |
factoid | What year was the first successful human heart transplant performed? | ['1967'] | ['The first human heart transplant in 1967 was performed using a deceased donor heart,', 'the first human heart transplant in 1967 was performed using a deceased donor heart,'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11391041",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18702960",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15056065",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15726762",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32493185",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15061629",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31102725",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 474,
"offsetInEndSection": 558,
"text": "the first human heart transplant in 1967 was performed using a deceased donor heart,"
},
{
"beginSection... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601ee4c61cb411341a000066 |
factoid | Which disease is monitored in the BIOCURA cohort? | ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'RA'] | ['Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is one of the diseases that is monitored in the BIOCURA cohort. There are other diseases that are monitored as well, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and thyroid cancer.', 'BiOCura cohort is used to monitor rheumatoid arthritis.', 'The BiOCURA registry includes patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) with the aim of defining their response profile to different RA treatments.', 'BiOCura cohort is used for clinical monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28650254",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27631111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29808722",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27558398",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27749223"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28650254",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 326,
"offsetInEndSection": 471,
"text": "In RA patients eligible for biological treatment included in the BiOCURA registry, 53 inflammatory proteins were... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fe3130ca43ad3127800003e |
factoid | Which gene is associated with response to abacavir? | ['HLA-B'] | ['Large studies established the effectiveness of prospective HLA-B*57:01 screening to prevent HSRs to abacavir.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23204921"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23204921",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 398,
"offsetInEndSection": 507,
"text": "Large studies established the effectiveness of prospective HLA-B*57:01 screening to prevent HSRs to abacavir."
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606aea9b94d57fd879000058 |
factoid | Which human tissue synthesize CRP? | ['liver'] | ['CRP is predominantly produced in the liver in a native pentameric form (nCRP).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31758923",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31840602"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31840602",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 278,
"offsetInEndSection": 420,
"text": "The accumulating data suggests that CRP has two distinct forms. It is predominantly produced in the liver in a n... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6032b6661cb411341a00014a |
factoid | The formation of which inflammatory molecule is regulated by MAP3K8 (TPL2)? | ['IL-1β', 'IL1-beta'] | ['MAP3K8 (Tpl2) regulates the formation of inflammatory molecule IL-1β', 'MAP3K8 (Tpl2) regulates the formation of IL-1β by masking its inflammatory function.', 'MAP3K8 (also known as Map3k8) regulates the formation of IL-1β', 'IL-1β formation is regulated by MAP3K8 (TPL2)', 'Tpl2 as an important mediator for collaboration of pattern recognition receptors with danger-associated molecular patterns to induce TNF and IL-1beta production and optimal host defense.', 'MAP3K8 is involved in local adipose tissue inflammation, specifically for IL-1β and its responsive cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, but does not seem to have systemic effects on insulin resistance.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20736176",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24517997",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30463908",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26215868",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19808894",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27261457",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19933865",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 205,
"offsetInEndSection": 306,
"text": "Tpl2(-/-) macrophages have abrogated TNF production but overproduce IL-12 in response to TLR ligands."
},
{
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fe31317a43ad31278000044 |
factoid | Which company produces the Oncomine Dx target test? | ['Thermo Fisher Scientific'] | ['The Oncomine Dx Target Test Panel is produced by Thermo Fisher Scientific.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31349061"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31349061",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 632,
"offsetInEndSection": 991,
"text": "All specimens were screened by using two antibodies (clone D4D6 from Cell Signaling Technology and clone SP384 f... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606bfe5b94d57fd879000073 |
factoid | Which molecule is targeted by Teprotumumab? | ['IGF-1R'] | ['Teprotumumab is a human monoclonal antibody that targets IGF-1R. It can be used for treatment of thyroid eye disease.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30575804",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29273685",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31377284",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31813786",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30385883",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25105999",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31813786",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 823,
"offsetInEndSection": 966,
"text": "Teprotumumab (a human monoclonal anti-IGF-1R blocking antibody) has been investigated in a trial, showing it was... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6024a4111cb411341a0000a2 |
factoid | Which protein is encoded by the protein APOBEC3C? | ['apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3C'] | ['The gene APOBEC3C codes for: apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3C'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33193411",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30431097",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31664825",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31519749",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32345636"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32345636",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 152,
"offsetInEndSection": 343,
"text": "apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3; shortened here to A3), act by deamin... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 607323fe94d57fd879000079 |
factoid | What is the major sequence determinant for nucleosome positioning? | ['G+C content', 'GC%'] | ['G+C content is the primary determinant of MNase-derived nucleosome occupancy.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20232936",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19620965",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21551148",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22435808",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26305225",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038564",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19620965",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 252,
"offsetInEndSection": 410,
"text": "Many yeast promoter and terminator regions intrinsically disfavor nucleosome formation, and nucleosomes assemble... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fe3131ca43ad31278000048 |
factoid | Which is the primary enzyme metabolizing esomeprazole? | ['CYP2C19'] | ['Esomeprazole is primarily metabolized by CYP2C19.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32227647"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32227647",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 368,
"offsetInEndSection": 418,
"text": "Esomeprazole is primarily metabolized by CYP2C19. "
}
] | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606ad16594d57fd879000051 |
factoid | What disease is treated with BIVV001? | ['Hemophilia A'] | ['BIVV001 fusion protein has been developed as Factor VIII replacement therapy for hemophilia A'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32078672",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32905674"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32078672",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 131,
"text": "BIVV001, a new class of factor VIII replacement for hemophilia A that is independent of von Willebrand factor in primate... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6020af2e1cb411341a000084 |
factoid | What is the mode of action of Thiazovivin? | ['Thiazovivin is a selective small molecule that directly targets Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and increases expression of pluripotency factors.'] | ['Thiazovivin is a selective small molecule that directly targets Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and increases expression of pluripotency factors.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25490878",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28849097",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27647250"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28849097",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 230,
"offsetInEndSection": 404,
"text": "This study aimed to investigate the effects of the novel Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (R... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606b2bf594d57fd87900005d |
factoid | How many genes are screened by the FoundationOne companion diagnostic? | ['324'] | ['FoundationOne CDx comprises a 324-gene panel.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32504034"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32504034",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 324,
"offsetInEndSection": 543,
"text": "In this study, we analyzed the clinicopathologic characteristics and comprehensive genomic profiling of 18 patie... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606b7e5694d57fd879000070 |
factoid | Interaction of WDR5 with which gene has a critical role in pancreatic cancer? | ['c-Myc'] | ['Mechanistically, WDR5 functions to sustain proper execution of DNA replication in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, as previously suggested by replication stress studies involving MLL1, and c-Myc, also found to interact with WDR5. It was indeed demonstrated that interaction with c-Myc is critical for this function.', 'WDR5 is a core member of the COMPASS histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4) MLL (1-4) methyltransferase complex, as a top tumor maintenance hit required across multiple human and mouse tumors. Mechanistically, WDR5 functions to sustain proper execution of DNA replication in PDAC cells, as previously suggested by replication stress studies involving MLL1, and c-Myc, also found to interact with WDR', 'WDR5 has been implicated in cancer for its role in the COMPASS complex and its interaction with Myc. Interaction of the oncoprotein transcription factor MYC with its chromatin cofactor WDR5 is essential for tumor maintenance. The long non-coding RNA HOTTIP enhances pancreatic cancer cell proliferation', 'Interaction of WDR5 with WDR4 and c-Myc is critical for the development of pancreatic cancer.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27320920"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27320920",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 144,
"text": "In Vivo Functional Platform Targeting Patient-Derived Xenografts Identifies WDR5-Myc Association as a Critical Determina... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 603251f81cb411341a00013a |
factoid | Which R/Bioconductor package has been developed for visualizing differential amino acid group usage in proteomics? | ['DagLogo'] | ['DagLogo is an R/Bioconductor package for identifying and visualizing differential amino acid group usage in proteomics data. DagLogo allows various formats for input sets and provides comprehensive options to build optimal background models. It implements different reduced AA alphabets to group AAs of similar properties. Furthermore, dagLogo provides statistical and visual solutions for differential AA (or AA group) usage analysis of both large and small data sets. Case studies showed that dagLogo can better identify and visualize conserved protein sequence patterns from different types of inputs and can potentially reveal the biological patterns that could be missed by other logo generators.', 'dagLogo is an R/Bioconductor package for identifying and visualizing differential amino acid group usage in data. dagLogo allows various formats for input sets and provides comprehensive options to build optimal background models.', 'DagLogo is an R/Bioconductor package for identifying and visualizing differential amino acid group usage in proteomics data.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33156866"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33156866",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 121,
"text": "dagLogo: An R/Bioconductor package for identifying and visualizing differential amino acid group usage in proteomics dat... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601ebba41cb411341a00005a |
factoid | Dasatinib and Blinatumomab are used for treatment of which disease? | ['Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia'] | ['Dasatinib and Blinatumomab produces molecular responses in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32170867",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32569380",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33085860",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20038231",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33168588"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32170867",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 650,
"offsetInEndSection": 767,
"text": "Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib or dasatinib) were added in Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph-positive) ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601cb2e41cb411341a000023 |
factoid | Which is the main gene signature in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)? | ['IFN signature', 'Interferon signature'] | ['Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) has a type I interferon (IFN) gene signature.', 'SLE is characterized by a type-I interferon gene signature.', 'Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a type I interferon (IFN) disease. The main gene signature is a 4-gene expression of 4 genes.', 'SLE is characterized by dysregulation of both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. An increased expression of type I IFN-regulated genes, termed IFN signature, has been reported in patients with SLE.', 'A role for interferon (IFN) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis is inferred from the prominent IFN gene signature (IGS), but the major IFN species and its relationship to disease activity are unknown.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23400715",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15593221",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18075793",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27009916",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19790071",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30745462",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29644082",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 393,
"offsetInEndSection": 653,
"text": "The effects of anifrolumab on type I IFN pathway activation were assessed using signal transducer and activator ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fdb42e7a43ad31278000026 |
factoid | What is the use of Atogepant? | ['preventive treatment of migraine'] | ['Atogepant is used for preventive treatment of migraine.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32297990",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33142014",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34521260",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34813050",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34407343",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33369482",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34521260",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 135,
"text": "Time course of efficacy of atogepant for the preventive treatment of migraine: Results from the randomized, double-blind... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f60157882a024a1000001e |
factoid | What is the function of the protein SERT? | ['Serotonin transporter'] | ['SERT is a Serotonin transporter.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34599615",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34506649",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34136961",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34564289",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31822819",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34517785"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34136961",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 696,
"offsetInEndSection": 747,
"text": "serotonin and dopamine transporters (SERT and DAT)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "h... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6217e5433a8413c653000032 |
factoid | What causes Ocular Thelaziasis? | ['Thelazia callipaeda'] | ['Ocular Thelaziasis is caused by Thelazia callipaeda.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30349847",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29087095",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24399399",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30672496",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28710682",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25116781",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30672496",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 94,
"text": "Human ocular thelaziasis caused by gravid Thelazia callipaeda - A unique and rare case report."
},
{
"beginSectio... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f5fcb6882a024a1000001b |
factoid | What is the role of cytidine deaminase in healthy cells? | ['deamination of deoxycytidines'] | ['Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) catalyses the deamination of deoxycytidines to deoxyuracils within immunoglobulin genes to induce somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34819671",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34819670",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32729075",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34528388",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32729074"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32729074",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 83,
"text": "The AID/APOBEC family of enzymes are cytidine deaminases that act upon DNA and RNA."
},
{
"beginSection": "... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6217d8973a8413c653000020 |
factoid | Through which pathway does the FTO-guided demethylation of GADD46 drive myogenesis? | ['p38 MAPK pathway'] | ['FTO-mediated demethylation of GADD45B promotes myogenesis through the activation of p38 MAPK pathway.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34513292"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34513292",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 101,
"text": "FTO-mediated demethylation of GADD45B promotes myogenesis through the activation of p38 MAPK pathway."
},
{
"beg... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 622628b03a8413c65300007d |
factoid | What is the function of the protein PIEZO1? | ['mechanotransduction process'] | ['Piezo1 is a key element of the mechanotransduction process and can transduce mechanical signals into biological signals by mediating Ca2+ influx, which in turn regulates cytoskeletal remodeling and stress alterations.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34766984",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34687906",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34548087",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34489534"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34687906",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 35,
"offsetInEndSection": 75,
"text": "the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncb... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 621d02f33a8413c653000047 |
factoid | What is the most common N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification site of RUNX1T1? | ['RRACH motif'] | ['The RRACH motif is the most common N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification site of RUNX1T1.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32589708"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32589708",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 651,
"offsetInEndSection": 879,
"text": "Of these SNPs only rs34269950 located in the 'RRACH' motif, the most common N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 622627103a8413c65300007c |
factoid | Which disorder is caused by biallelic mutations in G-Protein coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1)? | ['Oguchi disease'] | ['Biallelic mutations in G-Protein coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1) cause Oguchi disease, a rare subtype of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB).', 'Biallelic mutations in G-Protein coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1) cause Oguchi disease, a rare subtype of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB)', 'Biallelic mutations in G-Protein coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1) cause Oguchi disease, a rare subtype of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB), which is caused by a protein-coupled receptor-protein interaction.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33252155"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33252155",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 151,
"text": "Biallelic mutations in G-Protein coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1) cause Oguchi disease, a rare subtype of congenit... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f95f9f882a024a1000004e |
factoid | Which disease is treated with Tebentafusp? | ['Metastatic Uveal Melanoma'] | ['Tebentafusp is used for treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32725406",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34551229",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885078",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33839690",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32273508",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32816891"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34551229",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Overall Survival Benefit with Tebentafusp in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"do... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f5fb64882a024a1000001a |
factoid | What are TAMs in cancer therapy? | ['Tumor Associated Macrophages'] | ['TAMs are Tumor Associated Macrophages and are important in Cancer therapy.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33568427",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29730267",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34060821",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34006822",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32708142",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28341752",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34695762",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1041,
"offsetInEndSection": 1078,
"text": " tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.nc... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6222257e3a8413c653000077 |
factoid | Which java utility has been developed for class hidden markov models? | ['JUCHMME'] | ['JUCHMME is an open-source software package designed to fit arbitrary custom Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) with a discrete alphabet of symbols, and is used for biological sequence analysis and class hidden markov models in Java EE 8 and Java EE 9.', 'JUCHMME is an open-source software package designed to fit arbitrary custom Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) with a discrete alphabet of symbols.', 'JUCHMME is an open-source software package in Java designed to fit arbitrary custom Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) with a discrete alphabet of symbols.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31250907"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31250907",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 103,
"text": "JUCHMME: a Java Utility for Class Hidden Markov Models and Extensions for biological sequence analysis."
},
{
"b... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6200411cc9dfcb9c09000014 |
factoid | Where is the body would the Peyer's patches be found | ['gut', 'abdomen', 'the small intestine', 'intestinal mucosal'] | ["Peyer's patches (PPs) play a major role in intestinal mucosal immunity and are located in the gut."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11979138",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8674142",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2342879",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28847272",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3500086",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31970486",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31734952",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 20,
"offsetInEndSection": 90,
"text": "Peyer's patches (PPs) play a major role in intestinal mucosal immunity"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601eb3b61cb411341a000057 |
factoid | Which disease is treated with Risdiplam? | ['spinal muscular atrophy'] | ['Risdiplam is approved for spinal muscular atrophy.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33098622",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33626251",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34888619",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34745484",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33231373",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33044711",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33130193",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1511,
"offsetInEndSection": 1750,
"text": "Furthermore, drug therapies including injectables such as onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi (ZOLGENSMA®), nusiners... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f60735882a024a10000022 |
factoid | When was galcanezumab approved by FDA? | ['September 2018'] | ['Galcanezumab was approved by the FDA in September 2018.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30550780"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30550780",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 323,
"offsetInEndSection": 448,
"text": "Two antibodies, fremanezumab and galcanezumab, directed towards the CGRP ligand, were approved by the FDA in Sep... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6028fad21cb411341a000101 |
factoid | Tofersen has been developed for treatment of which disease? | ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis'] | ['Tofersen is an antisense oligonucleotide that mediates the degradation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) messenger RNA to reduce SOD1 protein synthesis is being studied for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis due to SOD1 mutations.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32640130",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34704267"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32640130",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 416,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Tofersen is an antisense oligonucleotide that mediates the degradation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 602356b81cb411341a000099 |
factoid | What is the cause of lactose intolerance? | ['Lactase deficiency'] | ['Lactose intolerance is a common condition caused by lactase deficiency and may result in symptoms of lactose malabsorption (bloating, flatulence, abdominal discomfort, and change in bowel habits).\nFour clinical subtypes of lactose intolerance may be distinguished, namely lactase deficiency in premature infants, congenital lactase deficiency, adult-type hypolactasia and secondary lactase intolerance.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32048961",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31802224",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32443748",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30617948",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31904838"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30617948",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 197,
"text": "Lactose intolerance is a common condition caused by lactase deficiency and may result in symptoms of lactose malab... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606b2b1994d57fd87900005c |
factoid | What is the activity of a Oligosaccharyltransferases ? | ['attachment of glycans to specific amino acid residues in target proteins'] | ['oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs), which catalyze the attachment of glycans to specific amino acid residues in target proteins'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31769974",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29178580",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29282902",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33997889",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34493791"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29282902",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 158,
"text": "Oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) mediate the en bloc transfer of N-glycan intermediates onto the asparagine resid... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 621b78e63a8413c65300003f |
factoid | On what chromosome would the MKKS gene for McKusick-Kaufman(AKA Kaufman-McKusick) syndrome be found? | ['20', '20p12', 'mkks or bbs6 gene on chromosome 20p12', '20p12 between D20S162 and D20S894 markers'] | ['The MKKS gene is mapped to chromosome 20'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10973238",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22090721",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15266619",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10802661"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22090721",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 235,
"offsetInEndSection": 353,
"text": "The syndrome is caused by mutations in the MKKS gene mapped onto chromosome 20p12 between D20S162 and D20S894 ma... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601eb56c1cb411341a000058 |
factoid | What is another name for keratomileusis? | ['LASIK'] | ['Report the outcomes of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for high myopia correction after long-term follow-up', "['Report the outcomes of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for high myopia correction after long-term follow-up.']", 'Laser in situ keratomileusis is also known as LASIK', 'Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9848072",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31513041",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23868667",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14991311",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12165712",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30845834",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30845834",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 123,
"text": "Report the outcomes of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for high myopia correction after long-term follow-up"... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601ef0571cb411341a000067 |
factoid | In which motif of the RUNX1T1 protein is the rs34269950 SNP located? | ['RRACH motif'] | ["The rs34269950 SNP of RUNX1T1 is located in the 'RRACH' motif."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32589708"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32589708",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 651,
"offsetInEndSection": 878,
"text": "Of these SNPs only rs34269950 located in the 'RRACH' motif, the most common N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 62260afb3a8413c65300007b |
factoid | Isotocin is an homolog of what hormone? | ['oxytocin'] | ['Isotocin is a homolog of oxytocin.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21112347",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32071244",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28927876",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26064593",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33141148",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16691572",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32071244",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 293,
"offsetInEndSection": 472,
"text": " comprising the vast majority of vertebrate species, remains unclear. To address this issue, we evaluated the in... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 603bc2801cb411341a00015a |
factoid | Fingolimod is a selective antagonist for which molecule? | ['S1P1'] | ['Fingolimod is a selective S1P1 functional antagonist by induction of irreversible S1P1 internalization and degradation.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30776422"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30776422",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1111,
"offsetInEndSection": 1375,
"text": "Pharmacologically, fingolimod was characterized as a non-selective agonist of all of the S1P receptors (S1PR),... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6052729c94d57fd879000011 |
factoid | Telomestatin is derived from what organism? | ['Streptomyces anulatus'] | ['Telomestatin is a natural macrocyclic compound derived from Streptomyces anulatus 3533-SV4'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27632666",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11878947",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34285374",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15283144",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12810655"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34285374",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 388,
"offsetInEndSection": 478,
"text": "Telomestatin is a natural macrocyclic compound derived from Streptomyces anulatus 3533-SV4"
},
{
"beginS... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 622118a43a8413c65300006a |
factoid | Which plant is khellin extracted from? | ['Ammi visnaga'] | ['Khellin is extracted from the seeds of the plant Ammi visnaga.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24925412"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24925412",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 142,
"offsetInEndSection": 322,
"text": "The first chromone in clinical use, khellin, was extracted from the seeds of the plant Ammi visnaga, and had bee... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6206d06ec9dfcb9c09000041 |
factoid | What is vesiduction? | ["'Vesiduction' as a fourth mode of intercellular DNA transfer."] | ["'Vesiduction' as a fourth mode of intercellular DNA transfer."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32363801",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784449"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32363801",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 338,
"text": "Besides the canonical gene transfer mechanisms transformation, transduction and conjugation, DNA transfer involvin... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 603219c21cb411341a000133 |
factoid | What is the route of administration of eptinezumab? | ['Intravenously'] | ['Eptinezumab is administered intravenously.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32266704"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32266704",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 267,
"offsetInEndSection": 415,
"text": "Eptinezumab, delivered by intravenous (IV) administration, is being developed by Lundbeck Seattle BioPharmaceuti... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6026f0251cb411341a0000d6 |
factoid | What is the origin of HEp-2 cells? | ['human larynx epidermoid carcinoma cell line'] | ['human larynx epidermoid carcinoma cell line (HEp-2)'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30702281",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25658113",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32409089",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32384969"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32409089",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 245,
"offsetInEndSection": 276,
"text": "oropharyngeal carcinoma (HEp-2)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606b648394d57fd879000069 |
factoid | What is another name for bimagrumab | ['BYM338'] | ['Bimagrumab also goes by the name BYM338.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32690797"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32690797",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 93,
"text": "Long-term safety and tolerability of bimagrumab (BYM338) in sporadic inclusion body myositis."
}
] | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 602c1b141cb411341a00011c |
factoid | What is the generic name of the Xofluza? | ['Baloxavir marboxi'] | ['Baloxavir marboxi is the generic name of Xofluza. It is approved for influenza.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32601915",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30852344",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29623652",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33497124",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30766008",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30710642",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32601915",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 232,
"text": "Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza®; hereafter referred to as baloxavir), the prodrug of baloxavir acid, is a first-in-cl... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6023501a1cb411341a000096 |
factoid | What is the synonym of MK-1602? | ['ubrogepant'] | ['MK-1602 is also named Ubrogepant.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31758661"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31758661",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 181,
"text": "Ubrogepant (MK-1602) is a novel, oral, calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist in clinical development... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6026d8641cb411341a0000cd |
factoid | How many families did the 100,000 Genomes Pilot enrol? | ['2183'] | ['The U.K. 100,000 Genomes Project is in the process of investigating the role of genome sequencing in patients with undiagnosed rare diseases after usual care and the alignment of this research with health care implementation in the U.K. National Health Service. Other parts of this project focus on patients with cancer and infection. A pilot study was conducted involving 4660 participants from 2183 families, among whom 161 disorders covering a broad spectrum of rare diseases were present.', 'The 100,000 Genomes Project is a pilot study involving 4660 participants from 2183 families, among whom 161 disorders covering a broad spectrum of rare diseases were present.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34758253"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34758253",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 511,
"text": "The U.K. 100,000 Genomes Project is in the process of investigating the role of genome sequencing in patients wit... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f919cc882a024a10000048 |
factoid | What methodology does the Oncomine Dx target test use? | ['next generation sequencing', 'NGS'] | ['The Oncomine Dx target test uses the next generation sequencing methodology.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31349061"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31349061",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 861,
"offsetInEndSection": 992,
"text": "FISH-positive samples were also analyzed with next-generation sequencing (Oncomine Dx Target Test Panel, Thermo ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606bfeb494d57fd879000074 |
factoid | Which CD38 antibody has been shown to be effective for Lupus Erythematosus? | ['Daratumumab'] | ['Daratumumab, a human monoclonal antibody that targets CD38, has been used to treat Lupus Erythematosus.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33828555",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32937047",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29720240"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32937047",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 75,
"text": "Targeting CD38 with Daratumumab in Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6020a8431cb411341a00007f |
factoid | What is a circRNA? | ['Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of non-coding RNA with a stable structure formed by special loop splicing.'] | ['Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of non-coding RNA with a stable structure formed by special loop splicing.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32667692",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32889059",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33112505"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32889059",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 127,
"text": "Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of non-coding RNA with a stable structure formed by special loop splicin... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 60853db94e6a4cf630000010 |
factoid | Which one of the CYP450 enzymes is the second most frequently implicated in the metabolism of the drugs currently available on the market? | ['CYP2D6'] | ['CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 are the most relevant since they metabolize about 50% and 30% of the drugs on the market, respectively.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32786546"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32786546",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 290,
"offsetInEndSection": 430,
"text": "Among CYP enzymes, CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 are the most relevant since they metabolize about 50% and 30% of the drugs ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6211454a3a8413c65300000b |
factoid | What is the msDNA? | ['msDNA is actually a complex of DNA, RNA, and probably protein.'] | ["msDNA is actually a complex of DNA, RNA, and probably protein. It is composed of a small, single-stranded DNA, linked to a small, single-stranded RNA molecule. The 5' end of the DNA molecule is joined to an internal guanosine residue of the RNA molecule by a unique 2'-5' phosphodiester bond. msDNA is produced in many hundreds of copies per cell, but its function remains unknown."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16093702",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29087272",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11525386",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22102774",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459648"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16093702",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 355,
"offsetInEndSection": 738,
"text": " msDNA is actually a complex of DNA, RNA, and probably protein. It is composed of a small, single-stranded DNA, ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 603534671cb411341a000153 |
factoid | What percentage of currently available drugs are metabolized by CYP3A4? | ['50%'] | ['CYP3A4 metabolizes approximately 50% of the drugs available today on the market.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32786546"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32786546",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 290,
"offsetInEndSection": 431,
"text": "Among CYP enzymes, CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 are the most relevant since they metabolize about 50% and 30% of the drugs ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 621142713a8413c65300000a |
factoid | What is caused by bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in IPO8? | ['A syndromic form of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) with clinical overlap with Loeys-Dietz and Shprintzen-Goldberg syndromes'] | ['Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in IPO8 cause a syndromic form of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) with clinical overlap with Loeys-Dietz and Shprintzen-Goldberg syndromes.', 'Importin, a member of the importin-β protein family, is a protein that translocates cargo molecules, proteins, and ribonucleoprotein complexes into the nucleus in RanGTP-dependent manner. Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in IPO8 cause a syndromic form of thoracic aortic aneurysm.', 'Syndromic thoracic aortic aneurysm'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34010605"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34010605",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 127,
"text": "A human importin-β-related disorder: Syndromic thoracic aortic aneurysm caused by bi-allelic loss-of-function variants i... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f810a5882a024a1000003e |
factoid | Which glands in the bee secretes royal jelly? | ['hypopharyngeal glands'] | ['hypopharyngeal glands'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30272666",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26083737",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31410279",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30953617"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30953617",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 195,
"text": "The hypopharyngeal glands (HGs) of honey bee nurse workers secrete the major protein fraction of jelly, a protein ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6056fef294d57fd87900001f |
factoid | When did FDA approve the first B-cell maturation antigen-targeted CAR-T cell therapy? | ['26 March 2021'] | ['FDA approved the first B-cell maturation antigen-targeted CAR-T cell therapy on March 26, 2021.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34549909",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32683672"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34549909",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 288,
"offsetInEndSection": 551,
"text": "The most recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of the first B-cell maturation antigen-targeted CAR-T c... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 621145c63a8413c65300000c |
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