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values | concepts listlengths 0 23 ⌀ | triples listlengths 0 4.35k ⌀ | id stringlengths 24 24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
factoid | What does tsDMARD stand for? | ['targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs'] | ['tsDMARDs are targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32550671",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32896492",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32179964",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31787605",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31426398",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30941350",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31504972",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 185,
"offsetInEndSection": 319,
"text": "Whether this potential risk is specific to abatacept or extends to all biologics and targeted synthetic DMARDs (... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 602598101cb411341a0000ae |
factoid | What is the primary indication of tocilizumab? | ['Rheumatoid arthritis'] | ['Tocilizumab is considered first-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31859424"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31859424",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1179,
"offsetInEndSection": 1339,
"text": "For the first-line bDMARD/tsDMARD, either tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), non-TNFi (abatacept, tocili... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 60258edd1cb411341a0000a9 |
factoid | Which transcription factor controls Drosophila's Hes genes? | ['Notch'] | ['The Notch/Hes axis represses a cohort of transcription factor genes . In Drosophila, activation of the Notch receptor induces transcriptional repressors encoded by the hairy/Enhancer of split (HES) genes, which shut off achaete-scute transcription . The molecular details of how Hes and Hey proteins control transcript... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28144959",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9152013",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17028039",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17586813",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19050759",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25248479",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23300480",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 124,
"text": "Transcriptional dynamics elicited by a short pulse of notch activation involves feed-forward regulation by E(spl)/Hes ge... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e4bf9436d0a27794100002d |
factoid | What kind of mutations cause GRK1 associated Oguchi disease? | ['Biallelic mutations in G-Protein coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1)'] | ['Biallelic mutations in G-Protein coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1) cause Hutchinson-Gilford disease as well as congenital stationary night blindness in around 90% of patients.', 'Biallelic mutations in G-Protein coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1) cause Oguchi disease, a rare subtype of congenital stationary night blindn... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33252155"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33252155",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Biallelic mutations in G-Protein coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1) cause Oguchi disease, a rare subtype of congenit... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601bcb5d1cb411341a000003 |
factoid | What disease is associated with Anticitrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs)? | ['rheumatoid arthritis'] | ['nticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are serological biomarkers associated with early, rapidly progressing rheumatoid arthritis (RA)', 'Anticitrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs) are associated with rheumatoid arthritis.', 'Anticitrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs) have been shown to be associated with rh... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32079664",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16188943",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22661643",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27696777",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31565241",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29290168",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29200020",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 6,
"offsetInEndSection": 95,
"text": " Anticitrullinated Protein Antibodies in Patients With Long-standing Rheumatoid Arthritis"
},
{
"beginSection": "... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e6e9a2fc6a8763d23000007 |
factoid | What was the predominant rotavirus genotype in the pre-vaccine era, in Australia? | ['G1P[8]'] | ['G1P[8] was the dominant genotype in Australia in the prevaccine era (1995-2006).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29790933",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30755297",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32060546"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29790933",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 789,
"offsetInEndSection": 867,
"text": "G1P[8] was the dominant genotype nationally in the prevaccine era (1995-2006)."
},
{
"beginSection": "ab... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e7667b1835f4e4777000004 |
factoid | What does csDMARD stand for? | ['conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug'] | ['csDMARDS are conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30629813"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30629813",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 370,
"text": "To determine whether intensive combinations of conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDM... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 602598301cb411341a0000b0 |
factoid | Roughly how many base pairs are in the human mitochondrial genome or mtDNA? | ['16569 bps'] | ['The mitochondrial genome, mtDNA, is 16569 base pairs.', 'The number of base pairs in the human mitochondrial genome (mhl) is currently estimated at 16569.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18623076",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29121011",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19591276",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27814641",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1528004",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8884568",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2517473",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 46,
"text": "The 16569 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e61425e1af46fc13000000d |
factoid | What is caused by heterozygous lamin B1 and lamin B2 variants? | ['Primary microcephaly'] | ['Heterozygous lamin B1 and lamin B2 variants cause primary microcephaly and define a novel laminopathy.', 'Heterozygous lamin B1 and Lamin B2 variants cause primary microcephaly and define a novel laminopathy.', 'Microcephaly is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by heterozygous lamin B1 and Lamin B2 variants.... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33033404",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32910914"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33033404",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "Heterozygous lamin B1 and lamin B2 variants cause primary microcephaly and define a novel laminopathy."
},
{
"be... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601bfa531cb411341a000008 |
factoid | What does Retapamulin treat? | ['bacterial infections'] | ['Retapamulin is a small molecule covalently binding and inhibiting the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).', 'Retapamulin is used to treat topical bacterial infections with both methicillin-susceptible and resistant S. aureus and streptococcus infections.', 'Retapamulin is an antiviral medication used in the trea... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20066388",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19344241",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16957433",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28491950",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18416589",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18725451",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28874907",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 426,
"offsetInEndSection": 678,
"text": " the current study, we investigated the relationship between pleuromutilins, including valnemulin, tiamulin, and... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e5e508b1af46fc13000000c |
factoid | Which histone mark distinguishes active from inactive enhancers? | ['H3K27ac', 'Histone 3 Lysine 27 acetylation'] | ["Histone H3K27ac separates active from poised enhancers and predicts developmental state . In contrast, elements of the second class 'poised enhancers' are linked to genes inactive in hESCs . They are involved in orchestrating early steps in embryogenesis, such as gastrulation, mesoderm formation and neurulation .", "... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27851968",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24038352",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448640",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22920947",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28732206",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24565409",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28732206",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 226,
"offsetInEndSection": 474,
"text": "We demonstrate that UTX, in a demethylase activity-independent manner, facilitates conversion of inactive enhanc... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fe30e06a43ad31278000037 |
factoid | What does DMARD stand for? | ['disease-modifying antirheumatic drug'] | ['DMARD stands for disease-modifying antirheumatic drug.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30629813"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30629813",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 187,
"text": "Cost-Effectiveness of Combination Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Versus Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Activ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 602593101cb411341a0000ab |
factoid | What is targeted by Pexidartinib? | ['CSF1R'] | ['Pexidartinib is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor against CSF1R.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28536100",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31229240",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31258629",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32440095",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32297819",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31862477",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30002809",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 368,
"offsetInEndSection": 805,
"text": "Elucidation of the importance of the colony-stimulating factor (CSF1)/CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) pathway in the patho... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e44cf61f5547e6e27000001 |
factoid | What is the microgenderome? | ["The sexually dimorphic microbiome has been termed the 'microgenderome'."] | ["The sexually dimorphic microbiome has been termed the 'microgenderome'."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26757840",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27808584",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24627581",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30298433"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24627581",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1119,
"offsetInEndSection": 1244,
"text": "A concept of \"microgenderome\" related to the potential role of sex hormone modulation of the gut microbiota ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e920fe42d3121100d00000f |
factoid | Which syndrome is caused by dysfunction of the ciliary ARMC9/TOGARAM1 protein? | ['Joubert syndrome'] | ['Dysfunction of the ciliary ARMC9/TOGARAM1 protein module causes Joubert syndrome.', 'Dysfunction of the ciliary ARMC9/TOGARAM1 protein causes Joubert syndrome.', 'Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a recessive neurodevelopmental disorder caused by dysfunction of the ciliary ARMC9/TOGARAM1 protein.', 'Dysfunction of the cilia... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32453716",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29159890"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32453716",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 81,
"text": "Dysfunction of the ciliary ARMC9/TOGARAM1 protein module causes Joubert syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601d2d001cb411341a00002c |
factoid | Which main viral protein is targeted by the drug remdesivir? | ['Viral Polymerase'] | ['Viral Susceptibility to the Antiviral Remdesivir (GS-5734) Is Mediated by the Viral Polymerase and the Proofreading Exoribonuclease.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29511076",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30275474"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29511076",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1404,
"offsetInEndSection": 1758,
"text": "Combined, the results indicate that GS-5734 interferes with the nsp12 polymerase even in the setting of intact... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e920be42d3121100d00000c |
factoid | Which type of pluripotency is Otx2 associated with? | ['formative pluripotency'] | ['transcription factor Otx2 acts as a negative switch in the regulation of transition from naive to primed pluripotency. Otx2 and Oct4 drive early activation during embryonic stem cell transition from naive pluripotency.', 'Otx2 is an intrinsic determinant of the embryonic stem cell state and is required to stabilize t... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23154415",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27924227",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27019633",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23719282",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30349051",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27732856",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21062744",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 942,
"offsetInEndSection": 1154,
"text": "Specifically, the induction of the gastrulation markers T brachyury, Goosecoid, and Dkk1 and the neuroectoderma... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fd0d880a43ad31278000002 |
factoid | How many DNaseI hypersensitive sites (DHS) mark the murine beta globin locus region? | ['5', 'five'] | ["The expression of genes both from the endogenous locus and from transgenes is strongly influenced by a linked 15-kilobase region of clustered DNaseI hypersensitive sites (HSs) known as the locus control region (LCR) Targeted deletion of 5'HS1 and 5’HS4 of the beta-globin locus Control region reveals additive activity... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9012519",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9114030",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11867225",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9744863",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12324650",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10828050",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10828050",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 469,
"text": "Mammalian beta-globin loci are composed of multiple orthologous genes whose expression is erythroid specific and d... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fe08b50a43ad31278000031 |
factoid | Which loss-of-function ABCC8 mutation is associated with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)? | ['c.G2873A', 'p.R958H'] | ['A de novo novel heterozygous predicted deleterious missense variant c.G2873A (p.R958H) in ABCC8 in a child with idiopathic PAH.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30354297"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30354297",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 399,
"offsetInEndSection": 1563,
"text": "Exome sequencing was performed to identify novel genes in a cohort of 99 pediatric and 134 adult-onset group I ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2e1986fbd6abf43b000025 |
factoid | Which disease is rated using the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin scale? | ['essential tremor'] | ['The Fahn-Tolosa-Marin clinical tremor rating scale is used for essential tremor.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30045955",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16235669",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12722174",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31974808",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28665251",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29385927",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28387629",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1060,
"offsetInEndSection": 1192,
"text": "The Fahn-Tolosa-Marin (FTM) clinical tremor rating scale was used to score tremor, drawing, and drinking befor... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e46eb7a3f5415952900000d |
factoid | Which is the master oncogenic transcription factor in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia? | ['TAL1'] | ['The oncogenic transcription factor TAL1/SCL induces an aberrant transcriptional program in T-cell Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) cells.', 'The oncogenic transcription factor TAL1/SCL induces an aberrant transcriptional program in T-Cell Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) cells.', "The oncogenic transcription ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28028313",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27550837",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32633635",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28652130",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29326336",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9507011",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23263491",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 422,
"offsetInEndSection": 747,
"text": "We identify CNOT3 as a tumor suppressor mutated in 7 of 89 (7.9%) adult T-ALLs, and its knockdown causes tumors ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fe31312a43ad31278000042 |
factoid | HER-2 belongs to what family of proteins? | ['Epidermal growth factor receptor family'] | ['Her-2 belongs to the family of the human epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs).', 'HER-2 belongs to the human epidermal growth factor receptor family, which is a family of proteins that also includes EGF, EGF1, HER3, HER4, HER5, and HER6.', 'HER-2 belongs to the human epidermal growth factor receptor family, whic... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11785652",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12767812",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30312728",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10480346",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25620423",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33202212",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30312728",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 308,
"offsetInEndSection": 357,
"text": " human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "htt... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e639a0a1af46fc130000010 |
factoid | What does bDMARD stand for? | ['biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs'] | ['bDMARDs are biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30876919",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29980576",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32370139",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31058442",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31816434",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28412711",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31058442",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 148,
"text": "Biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment have severa... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 602598201cb411341a0000af |
factoid | Approximately how many genes are contained in the X chromosome's non-pseudoautosomal region (non-PAR)? | ['783'] | ["The total number of genes contained in the X chromosome's non- pseudoautosomal region (PAR) is 783.", 'There are 783 non-pseudoautosomal region (PAR) X-chromosome genes.', 'Six of 783 non-pseudoautosomal region (PAR) X-chromosome genes harbored loss-of-function mutations more frequently in males.', 'There are 783 non... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27869828"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27869828",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 388,
"offsetInEndSection": 559,
"text": "Six of 783 non-pseudoautosomal region (PAR) X-chromosome genes (ATRX, CNKSR2, DDX3X, KDM5C, KDM6A, and MAGEC3) h... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d387c20a1e1595105000010 |
factoid | What is the chromosomal abnormality associated with Klinefelter Syndrome | ['XXY'] | ['About 1 in 650 boys are born with an extra X chromosome (47,XXY or Klinefelter syndrome). 47,XXY', 'About 1 in 650 boys are born with an extra X chromosome (47,XXY or Klinefelter syndrome)'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14018845",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932453",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20172548",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6178494",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28275551",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27408358",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28782868",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "Klinefelter's syndrome is a sex chromosome abnormality affecting approximately 1 in 1000 men. "
},
{
"beg... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e669e0e1af46fc130000019 |
factoid | What distinguishes RIDLs from other transpozable elements? | ['they are exonic'] | ['Here, we link these two concepts by proposing that exonic TEs act as RNA domains that are essential for lncRNA function. We term such elements Repeat Insertion Domains of LncRNAs (RIDLs).', 'One class of sequence elements that is enriched in lncRNA is represented by transposable elements (TEs), repetitive mobile gene... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24850885"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24850885",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 524,
"offsetInEndSection": 710,
"text": "Here, we link these two concepts by proposing that exonic TEs act as RNA domains that are essential for lncRNA f... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d388192a1e1595105000015 |
factoid | What indication has FTY720 been approved for by the FDA? | ['multiple sclerosis'] | ['FTY720 has been pproved (September 2010) by the U.S. FDA as a new treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21456524"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21456524",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "Fingolimod (FTY720): a recently approved multiple sclerosis drug based on a fungal secondary metabolite."
},
{
"... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 605271d994d57fd87900000f |
factoid | Is fingolimod a drug or a pro-drug? | ['prodrug'] | ['FTY720 is a prodrug.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15265669"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15265669",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 121,
"text": "FTY720 is a prodrug for FTY-phosphate, an agonist at four of the five known receptors for sphingosine-1-phosphate ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6053bd5194d57fd879000018 |
factoid | Which conditions is caused by mutations in HFE? | ['Hemochromatosis', 'haemochromatosis', 'Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH)'] | ['Mutations in the HFE gene, encoding the syntaxin binding protein HFE1, are the cause of hereditary hemochromatosis.', 'Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by systemic iron overload with consequent tissue damage . The vast majority of HH patients are homozygous for the C282Y HFE... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19146986",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9358014",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255318",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21175851",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17061732",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15506716",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12874382",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 125,
"text": "The mechanisms by which the hereditary hemochromatosis protein, HFE, decreases transferrin-mediated iron uptake we... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fe0b4cda43ad31278000034 |
factoid | Which chromosome contains the TLR7 locus in the human genome? | ['chromosomeX'] | ['The TLR7 locus acts in vivo as a tumor suppressor gene and is located on chromosome X (X chromosome).', 'The TLR7 locus acts on the X chromosome in humans and is located on chromosome 9 (XC7)', 'TLR7 is encoded by a gene on the X chromosome gene, denoted TLR7 in humans and Tlr7 in the mouse, and expressed in plasmacy... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25650422",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25339659",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29374079",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27347137",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25541140",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21396113",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30276444",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 479,
"offsetInEndSection": 628,
"text": "TLR7 is encoded by a gene on the X chromosome gene, denoted TLR7 in humans and Tlr7 in the mouse, and expressed ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fdb4392a43ad3127800002a |
factoid | What is marked by DNaseI hypersensitive sites? | ['sites of transcriptional regulation', 'gene regulatory sites', 'transcriptional regulation binding sites', 'cis-regulatory elements'] | ['Hypersensitive sites are chromosomal regions up to 2kb distant to known genomic regulatory regions and 5 kb from known regulatory regions.', 'Hypersensitivity of cis-regulatory elements to digestion with DNaseI remains the gold-standard approach to locating such elements.', 'DNaseI hypersensitive sites correspond to ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16963707",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6310495",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857058",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10828050",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15070753",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11409913",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18726358",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 175,
"offsetInEndSection": 525,
"text": "In the present study, the binding of HMG proteins (HMG1/2 and HMG14/17) to the core DNA sequence of DNaseI hyper... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fdb2e23a43ad3127800000a |
factoid | Which type of analysis does DeSeq2 perform? | ['differential analysis of RNASeq data'] | ['DeSeq2 is a software for differential gene expression analysis of RNA sequencing data.', 'Both TMM and DESeq2 are widely used for differential gene expression analysis.', 'DeSeq2 performed differential gene expression analysis of paired-end tag sequencing data.', 'DeSeq2 supports differential gene expression analysis... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33102519",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32368594",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30987214",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27280887",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27528462",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27748458",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25516281",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 81,
"text": "Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fdb41b6a43ad3127800001d |
factoid | What is FeatureCounts used for? | ['assigning sequence reads to genomic features'] | ['featureCounts is a general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features. It is a read summarization program suitable for counting reads generated from either RNA or genomic DNA sequencing experiments.', 'featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic fe... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24227677",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28096075",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28915787",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30379987"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24227677",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 101,
"text": "featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features."
},
{
"beg... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fdb41c5a43ad3127800001e |
factoid | Which deep learning framework has been developed for cancer molecular subtype classification? | ['DeepCC'] | ['Molecular subtyping of cancer is a critical step towards more individualized therapy and provides important biological insights into cancer heterogeneity. Although gene expression signature-based classification has been widely demonstrated to be an effective approach in the last decade, the widespread implementation ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31420533"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31420533",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 90,
"text": "DeepCC: a novel deep learning-based framework for cancer molecular subtype classification."
},
{
"beginSection": ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601eafcd1cb411341a000056 |
factoid | What class of drugs have been given a black box warning for suicide? | ['anti-depressants', 'selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors', 'SSRIs'] | ['In 2004, the European and American authorities released a black-box warning on antidepressants indicating an association with an increased risk of suicidality (suicidal ideation and behavior) in young people', 'In 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) controversially issued a black box warning that antidepr... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31130881",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19488000",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26149466",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24696870",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20222492",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23109125",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31130881",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 98,
"text": "The FDA \"Black Box\" Warning on Antidepressant Suicide Risk in Young Adults: More Harm Than Benefit"
},
{
"begin... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601eab7d1cb411341a000053 |
factoid | What nerve is affected in Carpel Tunnel syndrome? | ['median'] | ['Carpel tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a condition in which median nerve compression results in paresthesias and pain in the wrist and hand.', 'Carpel tunnel syndrome is a common compression neuropathy of the median nerve causing pain, numbness and functional dysfunction of the hand.', 'Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a med... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24886455",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31762916",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19454094",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7085815",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2307889",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3627450",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32459879",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 325,
"offsetInEndSection": 487,
"text": "An ultrasound evaluation of the carpal tunnel can assess for pathologic changes of the median nerve, detect seco... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601eaac81cb411341a000051 |
factoid | What drug, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, is an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist? | ['anakinra', 'anti-il-1ra'] | ['Anakinra is an oral interleukin-1 receptor antagonist that is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.', 'Anakinra is an anti-IL-1RA targeting IL-1beta with a central role in the occurrence of auto-inflammatory diseases.', 'Anakinra is an oral, small molecule, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor that binds to and inact... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12932294",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11776280",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15984903",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29883212",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15965816",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31818504",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31818504",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 14,
"offsetInEndSection": 124,
"text": "Anakinra is an anti-IL-1RA targeting IL-1β with a central role in the occurrence of auto-inflammatory diseases"
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601f08c11cb411341a00006c |
factoid | Herpes viruses have what type of genome? | ['double stranded DNA'] | ['The Herpesviridae are a family of viruses which have a large genome of linear, double-stranded DNA (> 120 kb)', 'The genome of Herpes viruses is composed of linear, double-stranded DNA.', 'Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 are nuclear-replicating viruses composed of a double-stranded DNA genome', 'Herpes simpl... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17296606",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10627574",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26121674",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16160176",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12716057",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21390711",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22020814",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 149,
"offsetInEndSection": 263,
"text": "Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 are nuclear-replicating viruses composed of a double-stranded DNA genom... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601f105e1cb411341a000071 |
factoid | Which cancer can be treated with Darolutamide? | ['Nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer'] | ['Darolutamide is used for treatment of nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32905676",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31571146",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32282865",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31582533",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33237495",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32073798",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31953000",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 215,
"text": "Lately the development of 3 novel second-generation androgen receptor antagonists (enzalutamide, apalutamide, and ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6020b2b21cb411341a000086 |
factoid | What is the target of Volanesorsen? | ['apoC-III'] | ['Volanesorsen is a second-generation antisense oligonucleotide inhibiting apoC-III (apolipoprotein C-III) transcription/translation that has been recently approved in Europe for Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome (FCS) treatment.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31390883",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29889589",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32753844",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27271183",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32589506",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28595549",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32589506",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "Treatment with Volanesorsen, a 2'-O-Methoxyethyl-Modified Antisense Oligonucleotide Targeting APOC3"
},
{
"beginS... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 602343051cb411341a00008d |
factoid | Roflumilast Cream is effective for which disease? | ['psoriasis'] | ['Roflumilast Cream has been shown to be effective for psoriasis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33197348",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32668113",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27038440",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32845114"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32668113",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 232,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Systemic oral phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE-4) inhibitors have been effective in the treatment of psor... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6023518f1cb411341a000097 |
factoid | Which company developed eptinezumab? | ['Lundbeck Seattle BioPharmaceuticals'] | ['Eptinezumab was developed by Lundbeck Seattle BioPharmaceuticals.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32266704"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32266704",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 267,
"offsetInEndSection": 415,
"text": "Eptinezumab, delivered by intravenous (IV) administration, is being developed by Lundbeck Seattle BioPharmaceuti... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6026ef311cb411341a0000d4 |
factoid | Which network analysis method can you use for prioritization of metabolic disease genes? | ['metPropagate'] | ['metPropagate is a network-guided propagation of metabolomic information for prioritization of metabolic disease genes. metPropagate was able to prioritize at least one causative gene in the top 20th percentile of candidate genes for 92% of patients with known IEMs.', 'Many inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are amen... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32637154"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32637154",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "metPropagate: network-guided propagation of metabolomic information for prioritization of metabolic disease genes."
},... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6027f8ae1cb411341a0000ed |
factoid | What is the mode of administration of AZD8601? | ['Intradermal'] | ['AZD8601 is administered intradermally.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32438492"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32438492",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 198,
"text": "Intradermal delivery of AZD8601, an mRNA designed to produce vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), has pr... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 602c19e71cb411341a00011a |
factoid | Which class of disorders are caused by AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit defects? | ['Neurodevelopmental disorders'] | ['Mutations in the AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit cause a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder.', 'AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit defects are a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders. Mutations lead to a decrease in agonist-evoked current mediated by mutant subunits.', 'AMPA receptor GluA... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31300657"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31300657",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 80,
"text": "AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit defects are a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract"... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6030fe7a1cb411341a000128 |
factoid | Where are integrins localized in a cell? | ['transmembrane'] | ['Integrins are transmembrane glycoproteins that are broadly distributed in living organisms.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32584192",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32950537"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32584192",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 57,
"text": "The extracellular domain of plasma membrane integrin αvβ3"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document":... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6032899c1cb411341a000144 |
factoid | What is a bacteriocin? | ['antimicrobial peptide of bacteria'] | ['Bacteriocins, the ribosomally produced antimicrobial peptides of bacteria, represent an untapped source of promising antibiotic alternatives.\nOne such strategy involves using narrow-spectrum protein antibiotics (so-called bacteriocins), which diverse bacteria use to compete against closely related species.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31483516",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31794868",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31705720"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31705720",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 513,
"offsetInEndSection": 679,
"text": "One such strategy involves using narrow-spectrum protein antibiotics (so-called bacteriocins), which diverse bac... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6032a0e21cb411341a000148 |
factoid | What protein complex is altered in "Coffin-Siris syndrome"? | ['SWI/SNF complex'] | ['he genes causative of CSS mainly encode the SWI/SNF complex, which contributes to chromatin remodeling and regulates the access of transcriptional factors to specific gene sites.', 'Report. Mutations in the BAF-Complex Subunit DPF2 Are Associated with Coffin-Siris Syndrome. Variants affecting the function of differen... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32161024",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31706665",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29907796",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30879640",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29698805",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30838730"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30879640",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 421,
"offsetInEndSection": 486,
"text": "Mutations in other SWI/SNF components cause Coffin-Siris syndrome"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6032a8b91cb411341a000149 |
factoid | What is Aortitis? | ['inflammation of the aorta'] | ['Aortitis is the inflammation of the aorta due to various causes, such as the manifestation of an underlying infectious or noninfectious disease process.', 'Aortitis is an inflammation of the aorta due to various causes. It can be a symptom of an underlying infectious or non-infectious disease process.', 'Aortitis is ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32234379",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19867969",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21787438",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27471062",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22991323",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23891316",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33186247",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 19,
"offsetInEndSection": 84,
"text": "Aortitis is the inflammation of the aorta due to various causes. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"d... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 60314c361cb411341a00012e |
factoid | What is a decoy exosome? | ['an exosome may carry antigens as a decoy', ''] | ['exosomes display a large repertoire of tumor antigens that induce autoantibodies and exert a decoy function against complement-mediated cytotoxicity.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27843457",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30651550",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21364924",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22396543"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30651550",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1028,
"offsetInEndSection": 1177,
"text": "exosomes display a large repertoire of tumor antigens that induce autoantibodies and exert a decoy function ag... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 60320ef51cb411341a000130 |
factoid | Which was the first oral drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)? | ['FTY720', 'Fingolimod'] | ['FTY720 (Fingolimod) was approved as the first oral drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2010.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31785606"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31785606",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 257,
"text": "FTY720 (Fingolimod) is a known sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist that exerts strong anti-inflammatory... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6053ba5b94d57fd879000017 |
factoid | How many patients were enrolled in the FREEDOMS clinical trial? | ['1,272'] | ['FREEDOMS study, a randomised, double-blind study included 1272 patients with relapsing-remitting MS.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22494956"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22494956",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 534,
"offsetInEndSection": 866,
"text": "We did subgroup analyses of ARRs (primary outcome) and confirmed disability progression (a secondary outcome) ov... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 605281cf94d57fd879000015 |
factoid | What is blepharospasm? | ['involuntary blinking', 'increased blinking and involuntary muscle spasms of the eyelid', 'involuntary closures of the eyelids', 'increased blinking and involuntary muscle spasms of the eyelid, remain poorly understood', 'involuntary closures of the eyelids due to spasms of the orbicularis oculi muscle.', 'movement di... | ['The neurophysiological disruptions underlying blepharospasm, a disabling movement disorder characterized by increased blinking and involuntary muscle spasms of the eyelid, remain poorly understood.', 'Yes, blepharospasm is an adult-onset dystonia typically present at rest and exacerbated by bright light, stress and v... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14871168",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23747003",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21221669",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32091988",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32250472",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28629634",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31889644",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 136,
"text": "Blepharospasm is a type of focal dystonia depicted by periodic and spontaneous closure of the orbicularis oculi an... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 605256a894d57fd87900000b |
factoid | Which tool has been developed for microRNA-target enrichment and network-based analysis? | ['MIENTURNET'] | ['MIENTURNET (MicroRNA ENrichment TURned NETwork) is a web tool that receives in input a list of miRNAs or mRNAs and tackles the problem of prioritizing miRNA-target interactions by performing a statistical analysis followed by a fully featured network-based visualization and analysis. The statistics is used to assess ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31684860"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31684860",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 94,
"text": "MIENTURNET: an interactive web tool for microRNA-target enrichment and network-based analysis."
},
{
"beginSectio... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 60579cb394d57fd87900002e |
factoid | What promotes amyloid-peptide beta 42 (Aβ42) accumulation in neuroblastoma cells? | ['apoE4-165'] | ["The apolipoprotein (apo) E4 isoform is the strongest risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). ApoE4 is more susceptible to proteolysis than apoE2 and apoE3 isoforms and carboxyl-terminal truncated apoE4 forms have been found in AD patients' brain. A specific apoE4 fragment, apoE4-165, promotes amyloid-pep... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27476701"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27476701",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 798,
"text": "The apolipoprotein (apo) E4 isoform is the strongest risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). ApoE4 is... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6057bf0694d57fd879000031 |
factoid | Which method has been developed for detection of ATAC-seq or ChIP-seq signals with DNA methylation? | ['EpiMethylTag'] | ['EpiMethylTag is a fast, low- input, low sequencing depth method that combines ATAC-seq or ChIP-seq (M-ATAC or M-ChIP) with bisulfite conversion, to simultaneously examine accessibility/TF binding and methylation on the same DNA.', 'EpiMethyl tag is a method that combines ATAC-seq or ChIP-seq (M-ATAC or M-ChIP) with b... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31752933"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31752933",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 90,
"text": "EpiMethylTag: simultaneous detection of ATAC-seq or ChIP-seq signals with DNA methylation."
},
{
"beginSection": ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6057c2f894d57fd879000033 |
factoid | Which protein is involved in the organization and regulation of pluripotency-associated three-dimensional enhancer networks? | ['KLF4'] | ['KLF4 is involved in the organization and regulation of pluripotency-associated three-dimensional enhancer networks.', 'KLF4 is involved in the organization and regulation of pluripotency-associated three-dimensional enhancer networks. Cell fate transitions are accompanied by global transcriptional, epigenetic and top... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31548608"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31548608",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 115,
"text": "KLF4 is involved in the organization and regulation of pluripotency-associated three-dimensional enhancer networks."
}... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6057c78994d57fd879000034 |
factoid | Where is the agouti-related peptide expressed? | ['in the Hypothalamus'] | ['Function. Agouti-related protein is expressed primarily in the adrenal gland, subthalamic nucleus, and hypothalamus, with lower levels of expression in the testis, kidneys, and lungs.', 'The agouti-related peptide is expressed in neurons in the hypothalamus.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31974377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31557134",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31995643",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31692367"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31974377",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "Activation of Agouti-Related Peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons promotes feeding and insulin resistance. "
},
{... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 60578f2894d57fd87900002c |
factoid | What is the function of ketohexokinase-A? | ['Ketohexokinase is the central fructose-metabolising enzyme'] | ['The central fructose-metabolising enzyme is ketohexokinase (KHK), which exists in two isoforms: KHK-A and KHK-C.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27088854",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31750240",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26083752",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29604362"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26083752",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 132,
"offsetInEndSection": 320,
"text": "The central fructose-metabolising enzyme is ketohexokinase (KHK), which exists in two isoforms: KHK-A and KHK-C,... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 60578bc994d57fd87900002b |
factoid | Which bioconductor tool has been developed for accessing bacterial regulatory networks? | ['regutools'] | ['The Regutools R package to facilitates programmatic access to RegulonDB data in computational biology. regutools gives researchers the possibility of writing reproducible workflows with automated queries to RegulonDB. The regutools package serves as a bridge between RegulonDB data and the Bioconductor ecosystem by re... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32573705"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32573705",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 68,
"text": "Programmatic access to bacterial regulatory networks with regutools."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"docum... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606081e594d57fd879000041 |
factoid | What impacts stability of genomic imprinting in mouse pluripotent stem cells? | ['a susceptibility locus on chromosome 13'] | ['A susceptibility locus on chromosome 13 profoundly impacts the stability of genomic imprinting in mouse pluripotent stem cells.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32187532"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32187532",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 127,
"text": "A Susceptibility Locus on Chromosome 13 Profoundly Impacts the Stability of Genomic Imprinting in Mouse Pluripotent Stem... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6057c0cd94d57fd879000032 |
factoid | What are the end products of the shikimate pathway? | ['aromatic amino acids'] | ['The shikimate pathway responsible for the generation of aromatic amino acids'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32616740",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31961458",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32154231",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32642925",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32538627"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32642925",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "The shikimate pathway is indispensable for the biosynthesis of natural products with aromatic moieties. "
},
{... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6057057c94d57fd879000023 |
factoid | Which key gene is involved in syndromic obesity phenotype of patients with 1p21.3 microdeletions? | ['MIR137'] | ['MIR137 is the key gene mediator of the syndromic obesity phenotype of patients with 1p21. 3 microdeletions.', 'MIR137 is the key gene mediator of the syndromic obesity phenotype of patients with 1p21.3 microdeletions.', 'The MIR137 gene. It is the one that is responsible for the obesity phenotype of patients with 1p2... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27822311",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22003227"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27822311",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 552,
"text": "Deletions in the long arm of chromosome 1 have been described in patients with a phenotype consisting primarily o... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6031270b1cb411341a00012c |
factoid | What is the main manifestation of Liebenberg syndrome? | ['elbow dysplasia'] | ['Liebenberg syndrome (MIM 186550) is a very rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by three main features: dysplasia of all of the bony components of the elbow joint, abnormalities in the shape of carpal bones, and brachydactyly.', 'Liebenberg syndrome (MIM 186550) is a very rare autosomal dominant condition ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23940102",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23395106",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23587911"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23940102",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 385,
"offsetInEndSection": 513,
"text": "We discuss the genetic abnormality that causes Liebenberg syndrome, the genomic rearrangement at the PITX1 locus... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e4565c63f54159529000001 |
factoid | Which disease is treated with Anti–Siglec-8 Antibody? | ['Eosinophilic Gastritis and Duodenitis'] | ['Anti-Siglec-8 Antibody was shown to be effective for Eosinophilic Gastritis and Duodenitis. It is also undergoing clinical investigation for treatment of allergic, inflammatory, and proliferative diseases.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29680938",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31465299",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31401630",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33085861"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33085861",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 65,
"text": "Anti-Siglec-8 Antibody for Eosinophilic Gastritis and Duodenitis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601cb4541cb411341a000024 |
factoid | What syndrome is associated with mutations in lysine methyltransferase 2D KMT2D? | ['Kabuki syndrome'] | ['Mutations in lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) gene, which encodes the catalytic core of a multisubunit chromatin remodeling enzyme, are responsible for the neurodegenerative disorder Kabuki syndrome.', 'Mutations in lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) cause Kabuko syndrome.', 'Kabuki syndrome (KS) is commonly caus... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28475860",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28007623",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31935506",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31813957",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24838796",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29914387",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31816409",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 134,
"text": "Kabuki syndrome (KS) is commonly caused by mutations in the histone-modifying enzyme lysine methyltransferase 2D ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601ebbeb1cb411341a00005b |
factoid | How many nucleotides long is the HOTAIR CNE? | ['32'] | ['The HOTAIR CNE is a 32-nucleotide long conserved noncoding element', 'HOTAIR was proposed to regulate either HoxD cluster genes in trans or HoxC cluster genes in cis, a mechanism that remains unclear. A 32-nucleotide conserved noncoding element (CNE) was identified as HOTAIR ancient sequence that likely originated at... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32268280"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32268280",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 807,
"text": "HOTAIR was proposed to regulate either HoxD cluster genes in trans or HoxC cluster genes in cis, a mechanism that ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 602967de1cb411341a000113 |
factoid | What is the function of osteolectin? | ['osteogenic growth factor'] | ['C-type lectin domain family 11 member A (Clec11a), also known as stem cell growth factor (SCGF), C-type lectin superfamily member 3 (CLECSF3), or osteolectin was initially identified as a growth factor for hematopoietic progenitor cells.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32003015",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30632962",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33053358"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32003015",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 238,
"text": "C-type lectin domain family 11 member A (Clec11a), also known as stem cell growth factor (SCGF), C-type lectin sup... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 604911661cb411341a000169 |
factoid | What is ECMO? | ['Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation'] | ['Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an increasingly prevalent treatment for acute respiratory failure (ARF)', "The method of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) has developed from being used as a 'rescue therapy' to become an accepted treatment option for patients with acute lung failure.", 'Extra... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32144062",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24809246",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28413074",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30386759",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29768983",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23817232",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32144062",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 103,
"text": "Over the last decade, the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has increased significantly"
},
{
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601d74391cb411341a000041 |
factoid | Which receptors does bimagrumab block? | ['activin type II receptors'] | ['Bimagrumab blocks the activin type II receptors.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30095981"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30095981",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 185,
"text": "Bimagrumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks the activin type II receptors, preventing the activit... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 602c1d3b1cb411341a00011e |
factoid | Which RNA polymerase transcribes enhancer RNAs? | ['RNA polymerase II', 'RNA polII', 'RNAPII'] | ["Analogously to mRNAs, the non-protein-encoding enhancer RNAs are synthesized by RNA Pol II and post-transcriptionally modified by addition of a 5'-cap and a 3'-poly (A) tail.", 'Enhancers are bound by sequence-specific transcription factors, which in turn facilitate the cooperative binding of chromatin remodeling enz... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27662874",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30448228",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28533025",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27662872",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32060325",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3299107",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29378668",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 689,
"offsetInEndSection": 894,
"text": "Remarkably, we found that in response to E2 TDG localized to enhancers which also recruit ERα, RNA Pol II and ot... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fe3131ba43ad31278000047 |
factoid | Which cell secretes the enzyme tryptase? | ['Mast cells'] | ['Degranulation of mast cells (MCs) releases several mediators such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), chymase, tryptase, histamine, and cytokines.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31709696",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31858758",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31853339"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31709696",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 168,
"text": "Degranulation of mast cells (MCs) releases several mediators such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), c... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6048ff3e1cb411341a000160 |
factoid | What disease does BCG immunotherapy used to treat? | ['bladder cancer', 'bladder cancer (NMIBC)', 'high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)'] | ['Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy is used for treatment of bladder cancer.', 'Bacillus Calmette- Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy is used for treatment of bladder cancer.', 'Bacillus Calmette- Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy is used in the treatment of bladder cancer.', 'BCG immunotherapy is the choice of care for hi... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31755155",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23517232",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29576423",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12084297",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10575270",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26032289",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31755155",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 130,
"text": "Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy for bladder cancer: a review of immunological aspects, clinical effects and BCG i... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 60292d191cb411341a00010e |
factoid | Which epigenetic marks are deposited by PRC1? | ['H2Aub1'] | ['PRC2 induces histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) trimethylation (H3K27me3), which is subsequently read by PRC1 that further catalyzes H2A monoubiquitination (H2Aub1), creating a transcriptional silent chromatin conformation.', 'H2A monoubiquitination (H2Aub1), catalyzed by Polycomb-Repressive Complex1 (PRC1) is a key epigen... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27410265",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26151332",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311219",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25071008",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19462008",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25754661",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27410265",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 395,
"offsetInEndSection": 571,
"text": " In Arabidopsis thaliana, LHP1 co-localizes with H3K27me3 epigenetic marks throughout the genome and interacts w... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5d35ee08b3a6380763000012 |
factoid | Which key gene is involved in interstitial 6q25 microdeletion syndrome? | ['ARID1B'] | ['Interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 6 are rare. Clinically, these deletions are considered to be part of a unique microdeletion syndrome associated with intellectual disability and speech impairment, typical dysmorphic features, structural anomalies of the brain, microcephaly, and non-specific multip... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26754677"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26754677",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 65,
"text": "Interstitial 6q25 microdeletion syndrome: ARID1B is the key gene."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6031287e1cb411341a00012d |
factoid | Brensocatib was tested for treatment of which disease? | ['bronchiectasis'] | ['Brensocatib was tested for bronchiectasis. Brensocatib in patients with bronchiectasis was associated with improvements in bronchiectasis clinical outcomes.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32897034"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32897034",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 67,
"text": "Phase 2 Trial of the DPP-1 Inhibitor Brensocatib in Bronchiectasis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"docume... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601c42ad1cb411341a00001b |
factoid | What is the function of the protein Cuf1? | ['Cuf1 is a copper-sensing transcription factor.'] | ['Cuf1 is a copper-sensing transcription factor.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11274192",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21489137",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18723604",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17384198",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12244050"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21489137",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 106,
"offsetInEndSection": 213,
"text": " CUF1 was involved both in copper acquisition and in copper detoxification in response to copper variation."
}... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 60355c0f1cb411341a000156 |
factoid | How many groups of viruses exist in the Baltimore Classification? | ['7', 'seven'] | ['There are seven "Baltimore classes" (BCs) that define the major features of virus reproduction.', 'seven "Baltimore classes" (BCs) that define the major features of virus reproduction', 'The Baltimore Classification system consists of seven classes (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, C and D) that are classified into seven differe... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28588308",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32132243"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32132243",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 289,
"offsetInEndSection": 374,
"text": " seven \"Baltimore classes\" (BCs) that define the major features of virus reproduction"
},
{
"beginSect... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601f10b71cb411341a000072 |
factoid | What disease is associate with defects in both the KDM6A (lysine specific demethylase 6A) and KMT2D (lysine methyltransferase 2D) | ['Kabuki syndrome', 'KS'] | ['Over the last 20 years, mutations in five key COMPASS complex genes have been linked to three human congenital syndromes: Kabuki syndrome (type 1 [KMT2D] and 2 [KDM6A]', 'Kabuki syndrome is a rare genetic disorder, caused by mutation in the KMT2D or KDM6A genes, which affects several organs in the majority of patient... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31740281",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29073101",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31924266",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30509212",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24838796",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29725259",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31924266",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 678,
"offsetInEndSection": 849,
"text": " Over the last 20 years, mutations in five key COMPASS complex genes have been linked to three human congenital ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601ec2d61cb411341a000062 |
factoid | Which transcription factor regulates emergency granulopoiesis? | ['c/EBPβ', 'c/EBPbeta'] | ['The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) plays critical roles in the differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells.', "The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) plays critical roles in emergency granulopoiesis, but the precise developmental stages in ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20581311",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19796237",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23024276",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23382991",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25940801",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29973462",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29382715",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 989,
"offsetInEndSection": 1305,
"text": "In this study, we observed that Stat3 and C/ebpβ activate FANCC transcription and contribute to DNA repair. Our... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fdb43aea43ad3127800002b |
factoid | When did eptinezumab get its first FDA approval? | ['In February 2020'] | ['In February 2020, eptinezumab was approved in the USA for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32266704"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32266704",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 415,
"offsetInEndSection": 521,
"text": " In February 2020, eptinezumab was approved in the USA for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults."
},... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6026ef9d1cb411341a0000d5 |
factoid | Which database exists that contains regulatory sites for splicing in human basal ganglia? | ['http://braineacv2.inf.um.es/'] | ['Braineacv2 has been identified as a database that contains regulatory sites for splicing in human basal ganglia.', 'Genome-wide association studies have generated an increasing number of common genetic variants associated with neurological and psychiatric disease risk. An improved understanding of the genetic control... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32098967"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32098967",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "Regulatory sites for splicing in human basal ganglia are enriched for disease-relevant information."
},
{
"beginS... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6030fcb51cb411341a000127 |
factoid | What is a HapMap | ['a haplotype map of the human genome', 'The "HapMap" project is now underway to characterize patterns of LD in the human genome', 'Phase II HapMap, which characterizes over 3.1 million human single nucleotide polymorphisms'] | ['HapMap is a international effort for creating an annotated haplotype map of the world’s most commonhaplotype sequences.', 'HapMap provides linkage disequilibrium information on a sample of 3.7 million SNPs that can be used for tag SNP selection in whole-genome association studies.', 'A haplotype map (HapMap)is aimed ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16877472",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21210977",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16982009",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18453083",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19933162",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22844100",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17943122",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 260,
"text": "We describe the Phase II HapMap, which characterizes over 3.1 million human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601db8111cb411341a00004b |
factoid | What pathological condition is MK-1602 used for? | ['acute treatment of migraine'] | ['MK-1602 has been assessed in clinical trials for the acute treatment of migraine.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27269043",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28644160",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31758661",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29136283"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28644160",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 500,
"offsetInEndSection": 643,
"text": "Meanwhile, 1 small-molecule CGRP receptor antagonist (ubrogepant, MK-1602) is currently in phase 3 studies for t... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6026d6891cb411341a0000cc |
factoid | Which yeast genes encode for condensin? | ['Smc2/4'] | ['Smc2-Smc4 forms the core of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae condensin, which promotes metaphase chromosome compaction . Both SMC2 and SMC4 are essential for chromosome transmission in anaphase . Smc 2-8 suppresses catenanes accumulation, mitotic arrest and growth defects induced by histone depletion at semi-permissive t... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26904946",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16100111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12783798",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10811823",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25300489",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12719426",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26904946",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 52,
"text": "Condensin Smc2-Smc4 Dimers Are Flexible and Dynamic."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://ww... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fe31301a43ad31278000039 |
factoid | What is another name for the drug AMG334? | ['Erenumab'] | ['AMG334 is also called erenumab.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28240610"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28240610",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 19,
"offsetInEndSection": 396,
"text": "The results of phase 2 randomized controlled trials for the prevention of episodic and chronic migraine demonstra... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6026ed981cb411341a0000d2 |
factoid | Which gene is primarily associated with the Saethre-Chotzen syndrome? | ['TWIST1'] | ['Saethre-Chotzen syndrome is a craniosynostosis syndrome that is rarely diagnosed prenatally . It is caused by cytogenetic deletions or mutations of the TWIST1 gene . Of the 37 patients with classic features of the syndrome, the overall detection rate for TWIST mutations was 68% . Increased risk for developmental dela... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25118508",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8988166",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8988167",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15923834",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10094188",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11314068",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22569119",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 163,
"text": "Saethre-Chotzen syndrome is a craniosynostosis syndrome that is rarely diagnosed prenatally. It is caused by cytog... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fe08b77a43ad31278000032 |
factoid | Which master regulator drives liver development? | ['HNF4a', 'Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α'] | ['Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)4α regulates fetal liver development.', "The HNF4α plays a major role in liver development, but it's not the only factor. There's a lot of other factors that play a role, but that's the big one."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23607685",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20657840",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29234104",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29332143",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27709008",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18462375",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23607685",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 5,
"offsetInEndSection": 138,
"text": "The molecular mechanisms by which hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)4α regulates fetal liver development have not bee... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fdb2e74a43ad3127800000d |
factoid | Which subcortical brain structure is influenced the most by common genetic variants? | ['Putamen'] | ['The highly complex structure of the human brain is strongly shaped by genetic influences. Subcortical brain regions form circuits with cortical areas to coordinate movement, learning, memory and motivation, and altered circuits can lead to abnormal behaviour and disease. Five novel genetic variants influencing the vo... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25607358"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25607358",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1489,
"text": "The highly complex structure of the human brain is strongly shaped by genetic influences. Subcortical brain regio... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6028183e1cb411341a0000f1 |
factoid | Givosiran is used for treatment of which disease? | ['porphyria'] | ['Givosiran is approved for treatment of porphyria.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31792921",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32521132",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33043761",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32034693",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31994716",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30847674",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33043761",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 111,
"text": "Cost savings with hemin versus givosiran for the treatment of patients with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP)."
},
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601c4b231cb411341a000020 |
factoid | What is Exencephaly? | ['a disorder where the brain is located outside of the skull', 'failure of the cranial neural folds to close which leads to degeneration of the exposed brain tissue'] | ['Exencephaly is a type of cephalic disorder wherein the brain is located outside of the skull', 'exencephaly, a failure of the cranial neural folds to close which leads to degeneration of the exposed brain tissue termed anencephaly. .', 'exencephaly, a failure of the cranial neural folds to close which leads to degene... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18078364",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15517958",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7651715",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2303880",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1746228",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3054653",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24902834",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 678,
"offsetInEndSection": 814,
"text": "exencephaly, a failure of the cranial neural folds to close which leads to degeneration of the exposed brain tis... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601f027f1cb411341a00006b |
factoid | Inhaled Molgramostim can be used for treatment of which disease? | ['Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis'] | ['Inhaled Molgramostim was shown to be effective for Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29719809",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32897035"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32897035",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 74,
"text": "Inhaled Molgramostim Therapy in Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601cb5be1cb411341a000025 |
factoid | What is a likely origin of intronless genes? | ['retrotransposition'] | ['More than half of SEGs identified in most of the species have at least one ortholog multiple exon gene in the same genome, which provides insight to their possible origin by retrotransposition', 'There is strong support for the idea that retrotransposition followed by tandem duplications is the most probable event th... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21620332",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10843807",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24820954",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13677319",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26415210",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22732409",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469316",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 238,
"offsetInEndSection": 340,
"text": "These highly conserved intronless genes were found to be involved in essential housekeeping functions."
},
{... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fdb4264a43ad31278000023 |
factoid | Which company developed ivosidenib? | ['Agios Pharmaceuticals'] | ['Ivosidenib has been developed by Agios Pharmaceuticals.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31660152"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31660152",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 545,
"offsetInEndSection": 836,
"text": "Hence, enasidenib and ivosidenib, the IDH2 and IDH1 inhibitors developed by Agios Pharmaceuticals, have been app... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6028fc841cb411341a000103 |
factoid | How is the STING protein activated? | ['By intracellular DNA'] | ['During DNA virus infections, detection of cytosolic DNA by the cGAS-STING pathway leads to activation of IFN-β.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31928996",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31820985",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31896590",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31980485",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31991682"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31820985",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 341,
"text": "Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an endoplasmic reticulum-localized adaptor protein (STING receptor) that... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 60490c421cb411341a000166 |
factoid | What does "28" stand for in the Disease Activity Score DAS28? | ['28 joints'] | ['It stands for the Disease Activity Score 28 Joint Index (DAS28). It’s basically a measure of how active a patient is in regards to how active they are in relation to the DAS28. The 28 joint DAS (28 joints) is a way to measure how active the patient is compared to other people with the same disease.', 'DAS28 is a subj... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25173347",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23378146",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28089983",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32427982",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25600850",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26449852",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24599677",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 159,
"offsetInEndSection": 400,
"text": " In order to further dissect this issue, we numerically and graphically modeled 28-joint disease activity scale ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5fe3130da43ad3127800003f |
factoid | Which receptor is blocked by Finerenone? | ['mineralocorticoid'] | ['Finerenone is a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28025025",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32088716",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28926607",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30171161",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30356804",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26203193",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32088716",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 242,
"offsetInEndSection": 543,
"text": "Finerenone (FIN), a novel, nonsteroidal, potent, and selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, improves e... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601c3fc21cb411341a000019 |
factoid | What is the effect of carbamazepine on CYP3A4? | ['Induces', 'inducer', 'induction'] | ['Carbamazepine is an inducer of CYP3A4.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31650711"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31650711",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 274,
"offsetInEndSection": 379,
"text": "Carbamazepine, a UGT and cytochrome P450 3A4 inducer, is a first-line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia."
}
] | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606ab57394d57fd87900004f |
factoid | What protein is Otof gene encoding? | ['The OTOF gene encodes otoferlin'] | ['The OTOF gene encodes otoferlin, a critical protein at the synapse of auditory sensory cells, the inner hair cells (IHCs)', 'The OTOF gene encodes otoferlin, a critical protein at the synapse of auditory sensory cells, the inner hair cells (IHCs). In the absence of otoferlin, signal transmission of IHCs fails due to ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31875531",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32265471",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30509897",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32476384",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32106631",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33256196"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31875531",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 323,
"text": "Hereditary hearing loss is characterized by a very high genetic heterogeneity. The OTOF (Locus: DFNB9), encoding ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6080646c4e6a4cf630000004 |
factoid | Does the HercepTest use a polycloncal or monoclonal antibody? | ['polyclonal'] | ['The HercepTest uses a polyclonal antibody.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22827758"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22827758",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 160,
"text": "Comparison of HER2 immunohistochemical results using a monoclonal antibody (SV2-61γ) and a polyclonal antibody (for Dako... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 606c34c994d57fd879000077 |
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