type stringclasses 1
value | question stringlengths 13 210 | answer stringlengths 5 521 | ideal_answer stringlengths 9 22.1k | documents listlengths 1 133 | snippets listlengths 0 125 | asq_challenge int64 5 13 | folder_name stringclasses 6
values | concepts listlengths 0 23 ⌀ | triples listlengths 0 4.35k ⌀ | id stringlengths 24 24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
factoid | For which type of cancer can uc.189 be used as a potential prognostic biomarker? | ['Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC)'] | ['ESCC', 'High expression of uc.189 might reflect poor prognosis of Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) and indicate a potential diagnostic target in ESCC patients. Uc.189 might be considered as a novel molecule involved in ESCC progression, which provides a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28941722"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28941722",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 107,
"text": "Upregulation of uc.189 in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its clinicopathologic value."
},
{
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D054316",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D015415",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D014408"
] | null | 5a6e1280b750ff4455000037 |
factoid | What causes Black Lung? | ['Chronic exposure to coal dust'] | ['Black lung, also known as pneumoconiosis, is caused by chronic exposure to coal dust.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6453959",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8803434",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8199664",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8456342"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8803434",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 326,
"text": "A prospective case-control study was undertaken to assess respiratory disability in 133 former coal miners who were... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a87145861bb38fb24000004 |
factoid | Which package in Bioconductor has been developed with the aim to analyze differential DNA loops from sequencing data? | ['Diffloop'] | ['Diffloop is an R/Bioconductor package that provides a suite of functions for the quality control, statistical testing, annotation, and visualization of DNA loops.', 'diffloop'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29028898"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29028898",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "diffloop: a computational framework for identifying and analyzing differential DNA loops from sequencing data."
},
{... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a6e2578b750ff445500003d |
factoid | Which disease can be diagnosed with the "probe to bone" test? | ['diabetic foot osteomyelitis'] | ['Probe-to-bone test is used for the diagnosis of diabetic foot osteomyelitis. The test has good sensitivity and specificity. Other diagnostic tests of diabetic foot osteomyelitis are plain films and magnetic resonance imaging.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28440774",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20622159",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27369321",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17259493",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26804367",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18285592",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28440774",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 552,
"offsetInEndSection": 698,
"text": "Clinical inflammatory signs, probe-to-bone test, and plain X-rays are postulated as the basic tests for clinical... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D003933",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004194"
] | null | 5a6f853ab750ff4455000055 |
factoid | What body process does the Dentate Gyrus Mossy Cell control? | ['eplipsy and cognition'] | ['Dentate gyrus mossy cells control spontaneous convulsive seizures and cognition'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28791347",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15986406",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28132828",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28132825",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16943315",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25583290"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25583290",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1407,
"offsetInEndSection": 1673,
"text": "We propose that this aberrant activity-dependent intrinsic plasticity, which lastingly impairs the information... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D018891",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0044302"
] | null | 5a871b8d61bb38fb2400000a |
factoid | Which ligament is most commonly injured in dashboard injury? | ['Posterior cruciate ligament'] | ['Posterior cruciate ligament injuries have a reported incidence of between 3 and 37%, depending on the clinical setting. The most common mechanism of injury in motor vehicle accidents is a dashboard injury or direct force to the proximal anterior tibia.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3425783",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20306414",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10623985"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10623985",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 258,
"text": "Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries have a reported incidence of between 3 and 37%, depending on the clinic... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D008022"
] | null | 5a6f98e6b750ff445500005d |
factoid | What is the normal body temperature in dogs? | ['101 to 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit or 38.3 to 39.2 degrees Celsius'] | ['According to the American Kennel Club (AKC), a temperature of 101 to 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit (38.3 to 39.2 degrees Celsius) is typical for dogs'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25854787",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28992906"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28992906",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 427,
"offsetInEndSection": 491,
"text": "Clinical examination revealed normal rectal temperature (38.3°C)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004285",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D001831"
] | null | 5a897a06fcd1d6a10c00000b |
factoid | Which tool exists for microsatellite (SSR) loci detection and primer design? | ['FullSSR'] | ['Microsatellites are genomic sequences comprised of tandem repeats of short nucleotide motifs widely used as molecular markers in population genetics. FullSSR is a new bioinformatic tool for microsatellite (SSR) loci detection and primer design using genomic data from NGS assay.', 'FullSSR is a new bioinformatic tool ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27366148"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27366148",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 51,
"text": "FullSSR: Microsatellite Finder and Primer Designer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D018895",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D017931"
] | null | 5a6fa61ab750ff4455000060 |
factoid | Treatment of which disease was studied in the Gore REDUCE Clinical Study? | ['patent foramen ovale'] | ['The Gore REDUCE Clinical Study studied superiority of patent foramen ovale closure in conjunction with antiplatelet therapy over antiplatelet therapy alone in reducing the risk of recurrent clinical ischemic stroke or new silent brain infarct in patients who have had a cryptogenic stroke.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29090661",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28902580"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28902580",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2058,
"offsetInEndSection": 2502,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with a PFO who had had a cryptogenic stroke, the risk of subsequent ischemic strok... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D013812",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D000068397"
] | null | 5a72302b2dc08e987e000005 |
factoid | What is the link between psoriatic arthritis and depression | ['comorbidity'] | ['Depression Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Psoriatic Arthritis among Patients with Psoriasis. ', 'Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory disease which is associated with extensive comorbidities, including psoriatic arthritis. '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22556134",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25161652",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28212760",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24692521",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28052180",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26178281",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28237512",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "Depression Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Psoriatic Arthritis among Patients with Psoriasis"
},
{
"begi... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:9008",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D015535"
] | null | 5a8712af61bb38fb24000002 |
factoid | What is the preDIVA clinical trial? | ['Prevention of Dementia by Intensive Vascular Care'] | ['The preDIVA trial (Prevention of Dementia by Intensive Vascular Care) was an open-label, cluster-randomized controlled trial in community-dwelling individuals aged 70 to 78 years.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28263374",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28596452",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27474376",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19812459"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28263374",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 291,
"text": "To explore and compare sociodemographic, clinical, and neuropsychiatric determinants of dropout and nonadherence ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a9dad764e03427e73000007 |
factoid | What effect does azeliragon have on RAGE? | ['Inhibitory'] | ['Azeliragon is an inhibitor of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27678025"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27678025",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 531,
"offsetInEndSection": 901,
"text": "Expert opinion: Drugs in Phase III clinical development for AD include one inhibitor of the β-secretase cleaving... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a9d29571d1251d03b000018 |
factoid | What is the drug forxiga used for? | ['Treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.'] | ['Dapagliflozin (Forxiga®) is the first in a novel class of glucose-lowering agents known as sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and is used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23170914",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28383856",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24030968",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25389049",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25402624",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25418019"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28383856",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 103,
"text": "Dapagliflozin (forxiga®) : SGLT 2 cotransporter inhibitor as glucose-lowering agent in type 2 diabetes"
},
{
"be... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a9e2386de7cb99d40000004 |
factoid | What is the most common feature of the Doege–Potter syndrome? | ['hypoglycemia'] | ['Doege-Potter syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by hypoglycemia secondary to a solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25636632",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27376978",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23302323",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28784156",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27932370",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28523334",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28109372",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 181,
"text": "We describe a patient with Doege-Potter syndrome (solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura presenting with hypoglycemi... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a761ac3aacfb9cd4c000002 |
factoid | Milwaukee protocol was tested for treatment of which disease? | ['rabies'] | ['The Milwaukee protocol was tested for treatment of rabies. Therapies suggested in the Milwaukee protocol include therapeutic coma, ketamine infusion, amantadine, and the screening/prophylaxis/management of cerebral vasospasm. The Milwaukee Protocol has proved to be ineffective for rabies and should no longer be used.... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24708671",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19263274",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26639059",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18305449",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28559126",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25156675",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28559126",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "Caring for a patient with rabies: implications of the Milwaukee protocol for infection control and public health measure... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D013812",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004194"
] | null | 5a679e8cb750ff4455000006 |
factoid | What does intepirdine target? | ['5-HT6'] | ['Intepiridine is a 5-HT6 antagonist.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28253832"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28253832",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 551,
"offsetInEndSection": 725,
"text": "The 5-HT-6 receptor antagonists Idalopirdine and Intepirdine have shown the most progress in current clinical tr... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a9ac7ba1d1251d03b000013 |
factoid | Which R package has been developed for analyzing Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) data? | ['RAPIDR (Reliable Accurate Prenatal non-Invasive Diagnosis R package)'] | ['Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) of fetal aneuploidy using cell-free fetal DNA is becoming part of routine clinical practice. RAPIDR (Reliable Accurate Prenatal non-Invasive Diagnosis R package) is an easy-to-use open-source R package that implements several published NIPT analysis methods. The input to RAPIDR is... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24990604"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24990604",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "RAPIDR: an analysis package for non-invasive prenatal testing of aneuploidy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D011296"
] | null | 5a8b27e6fcd1d6a10c00001e |
factoid | Which method is available for whole genome identification of pathogenic regulatory variants in mendelian disease? | ['Genomiser'] | ['Genomiser'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27569544"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27569544",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 216,
"offsetInEndSection": 717,
"text": "Here we present Genomiser, an analysis framework that is able not only to score the relevance of variation in th... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a67c497b750ff4455000012 |
factoid | In what phase of clinical trials is crenezumab? (November 2017) | ['Phase III'] | ['Crenezumab is undergoing phase III clinical trials.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28720101"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28720101",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1424,
"offsetInEndSection": 1569,
"text": "Ongoing Phase III clinical trials via passive immunotherapy against Aβ peptides (crenezumab, gantenerumab, and... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a9acd921d1251d03b000016 |
factoid | Which sequence-based algorithm for branch point prediction has been proposed? | ['BPP'] | ['BPP is a sequence-based algorithm for branch point prediction.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28633445"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28633445",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 60,
"text": "BPP: a sequence-based algorithm for branch point prediction."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D000465"
] | null | 5a76160a83b0d9ea66000020 |
factoid | What organism causes scarlet fever also known as scarletina? | ['Group A Streptococcus or Streptococcus pyogenes'] | ['Scarlet fever is a disease which can occur as a result of a group A streptococcus (group A strep), group C Streptococcus and Streptococcus hemolyticus infection.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10405382",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19868695",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23305889",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19868926",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8219499",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232184",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23735582",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 84,
"text": "Scarlet fever is one of a variety of diseases caused by group A Streptococcus (GAS)."
},
{
"beginSection": ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D012541",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:8596"
] | null | 5aa55b45d6d6b54f7900000d |
factoid | What is the BioArchive system? | ['automated cryopreservation and storage system'] | ['A small-scale automated cryopreservation and storage system (Mini-BioArchive system) used in the banking of umbilical cord blood (UCB) units.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28716596",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15812389",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18682250"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28716596",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 168,
"text": "Umbilical cord blood (CB) banks usually freeze and store CB for clinical transplantation using conventional contro... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a9d8a651d1251d03b00001f |
factoid | Which algorithm has been proposed for efficient storage of WGS variant calls? | ['SeqArray'] | ["Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data are being generated at an unprecedented rate. Analysis of WGS data requires a flexible data format to store the different types of DNA variation. Variant call format (VCF) is a general text-based format developed to store variant genotypes and their annotations. However, VCF files a... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28334390"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28334390",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 80,
"text": "SeqArray-a storage-efficient high-performance data format for WGS variant calls."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract"... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D000465"
] | null | 5a76179d83b0d9ea66000021 |
factoid | Which protein is regulated by Tudor interacting repair regulator (TIRR)? | ['P53-binding protein 1', '53BP1'] | ['Tudor interacting repair regulator (TIRR) regulates P53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) by masking its histone methyl-lysine binding function.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14602918",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28213517",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28241136"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28213517",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 109,
"text": "The p53-binding protein 1-Tudor-interacting repair regulator complex participates in the DNA damage response."
},
{
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TIRR_CHICK",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D000071856",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TIRR_MOUSE",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D011506",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TIRR_HUMAN"
] | null | 5a774fdcfaa1ab7d2e000008 |
factoid | Which algorithm is used for detection of long repeat expansions? | ['ExpansionHunter'] | ['Identifying large expansions of short tandem repeats (STRs), such as those that cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fragile X syndrome, is challenging for short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. A solution to this problem is an important step toward integrating WGS into precision medicine. For that p... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28887402"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28887402",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1547,
"text": "Identifying large expansions of short tandem repeats (STRs), such as those that cause amyotrophic lateral scleros... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D019680",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D042622"
] | null | 5a804f71faa1ab7d2e00001d |
factoid | Which brain tumors does neuroligin-3 promote? | ['high-grade gliomas'] | ['Neuroligin-3 promotes the growth of high-grade gliomas.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28959975"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28959975",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 605,
"offsetInEndSection": 1576,
"text": "An important mechanism that mediates this neural regulation of brain cancer is activity-dependent cleavage and ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a9ac4e81d1251d03b000011 |
factoid | Which web resource for LIR motif-containing proteins in eukaryotes has been developed? | ['The iLIR database'] | ['In the past few years it has been revealed that Atg8-interacting proteins include not only receptors but also components of the core autophagic machinery, proteins associated with vesicles and their transport, and specific proteins that are selectively degraded by autophagy. Atg8-interacting proteins contain a short ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27484196"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27484196",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 78,
"text": "iLIR database: A web resource for LIR motif-containing proteins in eukaryotes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a8056a2faa1ab7d2e00001f |
factoid | What is liquid liquid phase transition? | ['membrane-free microcompartments'] | ['The influence of membrane-free microcompartments resulting from crowding-induced liquid/liquid phase separation (LLPS) on the dynamic spatial organization of FtsZ, the main component of the bacterial division machinery, has been studied using several LLPS systems.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27725777",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28980860",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25436423"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28980860",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 980,
"offsetInEndSection": 1190,
"text": "engaged in or are at least related to the physiological liquid-liquid phase transitions (LLPTs) leading to the ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5aa6c800d6d6b54f79000012 |
factoid | What is the approximate size of gas vesicles? | ['100 nm'] | ['The diameter of gas vesicles is approximately 100nm.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/807555"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/807555",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 379,
"offsetInEndSection": 514,
"text": "This number remained relatively constant while the size of the vesicles increased until they attained their maximu... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a9d31711d1251d03b00001c |
factoid | What is the proteoform? | ['proteoforms are protein products with various primary structure alterations resulting from gene mutations, alternative splicing, post-translational modifications, and other biological processes'] | ['Although proteomics has rapidly developed in the past decade, researchers are still in the early stage of exploring the world of complex proteoforms, which are protein products with various primary structure alterations resulting from gene mutations, alternative splicing, post-translational modifications, and other b... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27989944",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28453668",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28414281",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26670565"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28414281",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 679,
"offsetInEndSection": 812,
"text": "proteoforms - splice variants, single amino acid substitutions (SAP variants), and post-translational modificati... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5aad4b37fcf456587200000a |
factoid | How does neuronal activity affect neuroligin-3? | ['Induces secretion'] | ['Neuronal activity-induces secretion of neuroligin-3.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25957677"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25957677",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 113,
"offsetInEndSection": 317,
"text": "In this issue of Cell, Venkatesh et al. demonstrate that this also occurs in the brain, identifying neuronal act... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a9ac6821d1251d03b000012 |
factoid | Sclerostin regulates what process? | ['bone metabolism'] | ['Sclerostin plays a critical role in bone homeostasis and its deficiency or pharmacological neutralization increases bone formation'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20043874",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27342581",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25248363",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23737439",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22836717",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28571484",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27965160",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 82,
"offsetInEndSection": 326,
"text": " Sclerostin is a soluble antagonist of Wnt/β-catenin signaling secreted primarily by osteocytes. Current evidence... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SOST_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SOST_BOVIN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SOST_CHLAE"
] | null | 5a9700adfcd1d6a10c00002c |
factoid | What is the association of the protein RAB10 and Alzheimers disease? | ['RAB10 may be potential biomarkers of AD'] | ['The genes SEC22B, RAB10 and FLT1 may be potential biomarkers of AD.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26082458"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26082458",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1050,
"offsetInEndSection": 1125,
"text": "The target genes SEC22B, RAB10, and FLT1 may be potential biomarkers of AD."
}
] | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a9d8d691d1251d03b000020 |
factoid | What is emicizumab? | ['ACE910 (emicizumab) is a humanized bispecific antibody recognizing factor IXa and X mimicking factor VIII function.'] | ['ACE910 (emicizumab) is a humanized bispecific antibody recognizing factor IXa and X mimicking factor VIII function.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27405674",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27795538",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27885373",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28691557",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29042366"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28691557",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 172,
"text": "Emicizumab (ACE910) bridges activated factor IX and factor X to restore the function of activated factor VIII, wh... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a9da8df4e03427e73000006 |
factoid | Which is the function of ubiquilins? | ['Ubiquilins, a family of ubiquitin-binding proteins, are involved in all protein degradation pathways.'] | ['Ubiquilins, a family of ubiquitin-binding proteins, are involved in all protein degradation pathways. Ubiquilin (UBQLN) proteins are adaptors thought to link ubiquitinated proteins to the proteasome.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19398896",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23046644",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27345149",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22628307",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24674348",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28933694",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28315615",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": "Ubiquilin (UBQLN) proteins are adaptors thought to link ubiquitinated proteins to the proteasome."
},
{
"be... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5aa50086d6d6b54f7900000c |
factoid | Which algorithm has been developed for prediction of protein subcellular localization using deep learning? | ['DeepLoc'] | ['DeepLoc is an algorithm which has been developed for prediction of protein subcellular localization using deep learning.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29036616"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29036616",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "DeepLoc: prediction of protein subcellular localization using deep learning."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D000465"
] | null | 5a7639419e632bc066000005 |
factoid | Gallbladder carriage is a well recognised means of spread of which bacteria? | ['Salmonella Typhi'] | ['Gallbladder carriage is associated with spread of Salmonella Typhi.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25253258",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23732169",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24349565",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27600501",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25065707",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27131005"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27131005",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 113,
"text": "Carriage prevalence of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi in gallbladders of adult autopsy cases from Mozambique."
},
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D001419",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D005704"
] | null | 5a7347a02dc08e987e00001b |
factoid | Which disease is treated with Fexinidazole? | ['human african trypanosomiasis'] | ['Oral fexinidazole is effective for late-stage human african trypanosomiasis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29113731",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22301556",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28552771",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27748443",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25409760",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24535888",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28552771",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 150,
"offsetInEndSection": 358,
"text": "n the search for new therapeutics, the repurposing of the broad-spectrum antiprotozoal drug fexinidazole has com... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4257906"
] | null | 5a7373f63b9d13c708000008 |
factoid | What part of what body organ controls the circadian clock? | ['suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus in the brain'] | ['the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus acts as the central clock in mammals, the circadian expression of clock genes ', 'The mammalian circadian system is composed of a hierarchical multi-oscillator structure, with the central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus in th... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28707700",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28285822",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17517647",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20174808",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28596466",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25512305",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28232786",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 10,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus acts as the central clock in mammals, the circadian express... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a95765bfcd1d6a10c000028 |
factoid | What does MetaHIT stand for? | ['Metagenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract'] | ['Metagenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract (MetaHIT) project are focusing mainly on the human microbiome'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23431991"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23431991",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 459,
"offsetInEndSection": 689,
"text": "The importance of microbiome constituency is so relevant that several consortia like the Human Microbiome projec... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a992b371d1251d03b00000a |
factoid | What drug cures hepatitis C? | ['Sofosbuvir based therapy'] | ['Sofosbuvir-based therapy cures hepatitis C virus infection'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26085900",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26209383"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26209383",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 58,
"text": "Sofosbuvir-based therapy cures hepatitis C virus infection"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http:/... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1883",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D006526"
] | null | 5aa3fb7ad6d6b54f79000009 |
factoid | What can be predicted with the Wells criteria? | ['pulmonary embolism'] | ['Wells criteria are used to determine clinical probability of pulmonary embolism.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28969751",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15520710",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28970024",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27689922",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25763885",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26559176",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27689922",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 220,
"offsetInEndSection": 725,
"text": "Materials and Methods This HIPAA-compliant, institutional review board-approved study was performed at a tertiar... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a7428090384be9551000001 |
factoid | What is the drug Tecfidera used against? | ['Tecifidera is approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis'] | ['Tecifidera is approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24588595",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24259625",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26195059",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27226838"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26195059",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera™) is an effective therapy for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS)."
},
{
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5aa824a8fcf4565872000002 |
factoid | Dinutuximab is used for treatment of which disease? | ['neuroblastoma'] | ['Dinutuximab, a monoclonal antibody against disialoganglioside, is used for treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26934530",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26917818",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27756784",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26791869",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28748630",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28061552",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26791869",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 177,
"text": "PURPOSE: Dinutuximab (Unituxin™; ch14.18), a monoclonal antibody against disialoganglioside, improved survival as ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D013812",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004194"
] | null | 589a247078275d0c4a000035 |
factoid | What is the ChIP-exo method used for? | ['location of DNA binding proteins at high resolution'] | ['Precise Identification of DNA-Binding Proteins Genomic Location by Exonuclease Coupled Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP-exo).', 'ChIP-exo method for identifying genomic location of DNA-binding proteins with near-single-nucleotide accuracy. ', 'ChIP-exo method for identifying genomic location of DNA-binding protein... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23026909",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28060339",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26404150"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23026909",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "ChIP-exo method for identifying genomic location of DNA-binding proteins with near-single-nucleotide accuracy."
},
{... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ac24c9495d0062724000002 |
factoid | Where do mitochondrial DNA deletion breakpoints tend to occur? | ['Near mitochondrial G-rich sequences '] | ['Circular dichroism and UV spectral analysis demonstrated that mitochondrial G-rich sequences near deletion breakpoints prevalent in human disease form G-quadruplex DNA structures.', 'Non-B DNA conformations are a key element of the mtDNA deletion process and most of the analyzed deletion breakpoints showed nucleotide... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25193669",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10912916",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26530670",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22661583",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9128755",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124333"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25193669",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 349,
"offsetInEndSection": 635,
"text": "n this work, we performed a computational analysis of the human mitochondrial genome using the \"Pattern Finder\... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D054856"
] | null | 5abc9ecffcf4565872000021 |
factoid | Which is the enzymatic activity of nardilysin? | ['Nardilysin (N-arginine dibasic convertase; Nrdc) is a metalloendopeptidase of the M16 family that promotes ectodomain shedding of the precursor forms of various growth factors and cytokines by enhancing the protease activities of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) proteins.'] | ['Nardilysin (N-arginine dibasic convertase; Nrdc) is a metalloendopeptidase of the M16 family that promotes ectodomain shedding of the precursor forms of various growth factors and cytokines by enhancing the protease activities of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) proteins.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27385158",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28230087"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28230087",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 315,
"offsetInEndSection": 597,
"text": "Nardilysin (N-arginine dibasic convertase; Nrdc) is a metalloendopeptidase of the M16 family that promotes ectod... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ac138aa95d0062724000001 |
factoid | The Mantoux test detects what latent infection/disease? | ['tuberculosis'] | ['screened for TB infection with a Mantoux tuberculin skin testtuberculin skin test (TST) performed according to the Mantoux method.', 'screened for TB infection with a Mantoux tuberculin skin test ', 'The Mantoux tuberculin skin test tests for latent tuberculosis', 'screened for TB infection with a Mantoux tuberculin ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28337457",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12238571",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27187878",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16307510",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27529924",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17663901",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28276801",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 659,
"offsetInEndSection": 721,
"text": "screened for TB infection with a Mantoux tuberculin skin test "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"do... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D055985",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D012882",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D014374"
] | null | 5ab147edfcf4565872000013 |
factoid | What is measured with the Proseek panels? | ['Differnet Proseek multiplex protein biomarker panels exists: CVD, inflammatory, neurology and oncology biomarker.'] | ['Differnet Proseek multiplex protein biomarker panels exists: CVD, inflammatory, neurology and oncology biomarker.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28734077",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28930774",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26475405",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27383427",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29026368",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28083617",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28586402",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 215,
"offsetInEndSection": 360,
"text": "A total of 92 biomarkers were measured before a standardized meal as well as 30 and 120 minutes afterwards with ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a9d99ac4e03427e73000002 |
factoid | The common house cat, Felis silvestris catus and the domestic dog, Canis familiaris both belong to what taxonomic order? | ['Carnivora'] | ['Domestic dogs and cats can be interpreted in terms of their descent from members of the order Carnivora. ', 'The common house cat and domestic dog both belong to the order Carnivora in the class Mammalia', 'domestic dogs and cats can be interpreted in terms of their descent from members of the order Carnivora. ', 'do... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16772461"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16772461",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 53,
"offsetInEndSection": 157,
"text": "domestic dogs and cats can be interpreted in terms of their descent from members of the order Carnivora."
},
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004285",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D000829",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D002415"
] | null | 5ab1483bfcf4565872000014 |
factoid | In which syndrome is the RPS19 gene most frequently mutated? | ['Diamond-Blackfan Anemia', 'DBA'] | ['Ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19), currently the only gene associated with DBA, is mutated in 25% of DBA patients, but its role in erythropoiesis is unknown. ', 'Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital red-cell aplasia characterized by anemia, bone-marrow erythroblastopenia, and congenital anomalies and is ass... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20606162",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29044489",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675553",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18768533",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990987",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12718904",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29044489",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 475,
"offsetInEndSection": 594,
"text": "The RPS19 mutation group was associated with higher requirement for chronic treatment for anemia than other DBA ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a896c26fcd1d6a10c000007 |
factoid | What type of sequences do enhancers evolve from? | ['exaptation of ancestral DNA'] | ['Studies have identified enhancers that were pivotal for morphological divergence and highlighted how novel genetic networks shaping form emerged from pre-existing ones.Most of the recently evolved enhancers arise from ancestral dna exaptation , rather than lineage-specific expansions of repeat elements.', 'Recently e... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24097306",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28527813",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635462",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21783031",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24218638",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24218631",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21783031",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 107,
"text": "The sequences of some gene regulatory elements diverge considerably, even between closely related species. "
},
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ac37afc0340b9f058000002 |
factoid | What nerve is involved in carpal tunnel syndrome? | ['median'] | ['Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a focal compressive neuropathy of the median nerve at the level of the wrist.', 'Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a medical condition due to compression of the median nerve as it travels through the wrist at the carpal tunnel.', 'Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a focal compressive neuro... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28718333",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18683528",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28582584",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1888865",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7594983",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28447963",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28091439",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 154,
"text": "In this study, it was aimed to determine whether median nerve epineurectomy is beneficial in the surgical managem... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D020423",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D002349",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D009408",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:12169",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:573"
] | null | 5abcf010fcf4565872000023 |
factoid | What is the function of LOX proteins in the ECM? | ['The best-studied role of LOX enzymes is the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animals by cross-linking collagens and elastin.'] | ['Lysyl oxidases (LOX) are copper-dependent enzymes that oxidize primary amine substrates to reactive aldehydes. The best-studied role of LOX enzymes is the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animals by cross-linking collagens and elastin'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26780438",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25146937",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26582054",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28668305",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26024311",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28273952"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28273952",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 285,
"text": "Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and stiffness are major driving forces for the development and persistence ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ad243e30340b9f058000016 |
factoid | Which olfactory gene senses androsterone? | ['OR7D4'] | ['A previously reported association between the olfactory receptor or7d4 and the androstenone was not detected until we specifically typed this gene p = 1.1 × 10 -4.Any mammals can decipher these scent codes to discern the gender , age , endocrine status , social status , and genotype of conspecifics using dedicated ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9566734",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20836008",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17013929",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22977065",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22362865"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20836008",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 110,
"offsetInEndSection": 303,
"text": "any mammals can decipher these scent codes to discern the gender, age, endocrine status, social status, and geno... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ace17c30340b9f058000009 |
factoid | Where in the body would the navicular bone be found? | ['foot'] | ['The navicular bone is located in the foot'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28295608",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28099198"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28295608",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 182,
"text": "The accessory navicular (AN) is an accessory ossicle anatomically located on the medial side of the foot, proximal... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5abd13e1fcf4565872000029 |
factoid | Name an lncRNA associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. | ['lncRNA H19'] | ['The lncRNA H19 is significantly upregulated in the myocardial tissue in dilated cardiomyopathy.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28430627"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28430627",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 197,
"text": "In the previous study, we generated a rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) induced by adriamycin and found th... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ac716810340b9f058000003 |
factoid | Which gene is responsible for red hair? | ['Melanocortin 1 receptor', 'MC1R'] | ['Variants of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor gene are associated with red hair and fair skin in humans.', 'Red hair is the null phenotype of MC1R. Loss-of-function mutations at the MC1R are associated with a switch from eumelanin to phaeomelanin production, resulting in a red or yellow coat colour. ', 'Me... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11689486",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7581459",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10885670",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11672965",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19016241",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27755135",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7581459",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "Variants of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor gene are associated with red hair and fair skin in humans."
},
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ace19420340b9f05800000a |
factoid | Which bacteria was EcoRI, restriction endonuclease isolated from? | ['E coli'] | ['Among hundreds of restriction endonucleases, the Eco R1 enzyme is the most useful and widely investigated enzyme and was isolated from E. coli RY 13'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2996987",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6099579",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3025706",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/349563"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6099579",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 91,
"offsetInEndSection": 281,
"text": ". Among hundreds of restriction endonucleases, the Eco R1 enzyme is the most useful and widely investigated enzyme... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D015246",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/T2E1_ECOLX",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D015280",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004262",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MTE1_ECOLX"
] | null | 5abd5a62fcf4565872000031 |
factoid | Which is the main reason for the increase in the incidence of cryptococcal disease? | ['HIV infection', 'HIV'] | ['It is an increasing cause of infection in immunosuppressed patients, most notably those with HIV infection. Currently, 4.0% patients with AIDS in the United Kingdom are known to have developed cryptococcosis. The incidence of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans has increased four-fold in the last decade. ', 'It is... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11428412",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16034947",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19127040",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16011530",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716388",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19009138",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8228302",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 548,
"offsetInEndSection": 856,
"text": "The incidence of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans has increased four-fold in the last decade. It is an incr... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ace37d50340b9f058000011 |
factoid | Which is the main protein in brown adipose tissue (BAT) active in thermogenesis? | ['Uncoupling protein 1', 'UCP1'] | ['Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is the hallmark protein responsible for cold- and diet-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28794154",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26304220",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28453364",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28057582",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26515423",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26518386"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28453364",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 496,
"text": "Brown adipose tissue (BAT) mitochondria are distinct from their counterparts in other tissues in that ATP producti... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a8980d2fcd1d6a10c00000d |
factoid | Which method is Proseek based on? | ['proximity extension immunoassay', 'PEA'] | ['proximity extension immunoassay'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29026368",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29050213"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29026368",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 423,
"offsetInEndSection": 652,
"text": "We used proximity extension immunoassay (PEA, Proseek Multiplex, Olink) to assess the serum levels of ninety-two... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a9e202bde7cb99d40000002 |
factoid | What is the function of HDAC proteins? | ['HDACs regulate chromatin structure and gene expression'] | ['Histone deacetylases influence diverse cellular processes and may contribute to tumor development and progression by multiple mechanisms. Histone deacetylases prevent the relaxation of chromatin, and positively or negatively regulate transcription. ', 'Histone deacetylases (HDACs) prevent the relaxation of chromatin,... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17767915",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10220385",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23724067",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26927903",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27345839",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10869435",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28930559",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 107,
"offsetInEndSection": 226,
"text": "Histone deacetylases (HDACs) prevent the relaxation of chromatin, and positively or negatively regulate transcri... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D006655",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000118"
] | null | 5aafc37afcf4565872000010 |
factoid | What is the H4S47C cleavage mapping method used for? | ['nucleosome positioning', 'H4 position'] | ['To identify nucleosomes with alternative structures genome-wide, we used H4S47C-anchored cleavage mapping, which revealed that 5% of budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) nucleosome positions have asymmetric histone-DNA interactions. To map fission yeast centromeres, we applied H4S47C-anchored cleavage mapping and... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24737863",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26275423",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25491770"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25491770",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 113,
"offsetInEndSection": 349,
"text": "To identify nucleosomes with alternative structures genome-wide, we used H4S47C-anchored cleavage mapping, which... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a885add61bb38fb24000017 |
factoid | Which human gene encode for DNA polymerase θ? | ['DNA polymerase theta (pol θ) is an evolutionarily conserved protein encoded by the POLQ gene in mammalian genomes'] | ['DNA polymerase theta (pol θ) is an evolutionarily conserved protein encoded by the POLQ gene in mammalian genomes'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27264557",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28668117"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28668117",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 115,
"text": "DNA polymerase theta (pol θ) is an evolutionarily conserved protein encoded by the POLQ gene in mammalian genomes.... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5aacd487fcf4565872000007 |
factoid | In what percentage of skeletal muscle fibers is dystrophin expression restored after PPMO- mediated exon skipping? | ['100%'] | ['PPMO-mediated exon skipping restored the dystrophin expression in nearly 100% skeletal muscle fibers in all age groups.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24942628"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24942628",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 702,
"offsetInEndSection": 1109,
"text": "Biweekly intravenous (i.v.) administration of the PPMO restored the dystrophin expression in nearly 100% skelet... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ac0a82d19833b0d7b000003 |
factoid | Which miRNA is associated with the circular RNA ciRS-7? | ['miR-7'] | ['circular RNA-7 (ciRS-7) acts as a sponge of miR-7 and thus inhibits its activity.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28253710"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28253710",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 390,
"offsetInEndSection": 975,
"text": "In addition, according to recent studies, circular RNA-7 (ciRS-7) acts as a sponge of miR-7 and thus inhibits it... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ac725250340b9f058000006 |
factoid | Which are the two main bacterial phyla in human gut? | ['Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes'] | ['Out of thousands of bacterial species-level phylotypes inhabiting the human gut, the majority belong to two dominant phyla, the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28293225",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27900395"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27900395",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 147,
"offsetInEndSection": 303,
"text": "Out of thousands of bacterial species-level phylotypes inhabiting the human gut, the majority belong to two domi... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5abd2ce0fcf456587200002a |
factoid | Which test is used for the definition of colour-blindness? | ['Ishihara test', 'Ishihara'] | ['Color-blindness problems are detected by the Ishihara Test.', '12 patients had color blindness based on the Ishihara test', '12 patients had color blindness based on the Ishihara test. '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23267377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2378506",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7819984",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6600702",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21137654"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23267377",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1106,
"offsetInEndSection": 1164,
"text": "12 patients had color blindness based on the Ishihara test"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"docu... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ad6e431133db5eb7800000e |
factoid | Of what origin is the MCF-7 cell line? | ['MCF7 is an ER+ breast cancer cell line'] | ['MCF7 is an ER+ breast cancer cell line.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29055574",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25792283",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26877254",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28358602"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26877254",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 866,
"offsetInEndSection": 905,
"text": " an ER+ breast cancer cell line (MCF-7)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.nc... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ac08fe7d0c506ce46000003 |
factoid | Cytochrome p450 CYP3A is induced by rifampicin and compounds used to treat what virus? | ['HIV'] | ['Etravirine is an effective and well-tolerated recently approved non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) for HIV type-1-infected patients with previous antiretroviral treatment experience. Etravirine is a weak inducer of cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A', 'Four CYP3A inducers were used: rifampicin, rifabutin, c... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16432264",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20834094"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20834094",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 451,
"text": "Etravirine is an effective and well-tolerated recently approved non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NN... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D014780"
] | null | 5ab2cc66fcf4565872000015 |
factoid | Which human chromosome is the product of fusion? | ['chromosome 2', '2'] | ['The evolution of African great ape subtelomeric heterochromatin and the fusion of human chromosome 2. We propose a model where an ancestral human-chimpanzee pericentric inversion and the ancestral chromosome 2 fusion both predisposed and protected the chimpanzee and human genomes, respectively, to the formation of su... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15815621",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27423248",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22419167",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28333343",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11435402",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1924367",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22419167",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 101,
"text": "The evolution of African great ape subtelomeric heterochromatin and the fusion of human chromosome 2."
},
{
"beg... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ace238e0340b9f05800000d |
factoid | Where is the EpCam protein mainly located? | ['transmembrane expression'] | ['Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23486470",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477371",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26268754",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28327103",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26493939",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25960617"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28327103",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 954,
"offsetInEndSection": 1216,
"text": "The following cell-surface markers were immunohistochemically analyzed: E-cadherin, epithelial membrane antigen... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ac09a7b19833b0d7b000001 |
factoid | What is the drug target for Eliquis (Apixaban)? | ['factor Xa'] | ['The new oral anticoagulants (NOAC) Apixaban (Eliquis) is a direct anti-Xa inhibitors'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27653758",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26095540",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24624626",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26369819",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25322783",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28439702",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23649961",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 245,
"offsetInEndSection": 457,
"text": "The new oral anticoagulants (NOAC) include dabigatran etexilate (Pradaxa®), a direct thrombin inhibitor, and riv... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D065427",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4243936"
] | null | 5abbe429fcf456587200001c |
factoid | What is the Formalin test used for? | ['pain modeling'] | ['And persistent pain produced by peripheral tissue injury and inflammation was modeled by formalin test. ', 'And persistent pain produced by peripheral tissue injury and inflammation was modeled by formalin test.', 'Persistent pain, In vivo antinociceptive activity, is produced by peripheral tissue injury and inflamma... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20832171",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28114822",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1688935",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22453493",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3347367",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23308208",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27716994",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 681,
"offsetInEndSection": 784,
"text": "And persistent pain produced by peripheral tissue injury and inflammation was modeled by formalin test."
},
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004195",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D010147"
] | null | 5abbfd97fcf456587200001d |
factoid | What drug treatment can cause a spinal epidural hematoma? | ['Anticoagulant therapy'] | ['Spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) is a rare disease that causes cord compression and neurologic deficit. Spontaneous SEH is related to minor trauma, bleeding disorders, and anticoagulant medications.', 'Spinal epidural hematomas are rare entity in neurosurgery practice. Most of them are spontaneous due to anticoagulant ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28255506",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12520314",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26074484",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2797370",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15043358",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27923756",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27347652",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 4,
"offsetInEndSection": 187,
"text": "Spinal epidural hematomas are rare entity in neurosurgery practice. Most of them are spontaneous due to anticoagul... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D006407",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D046748"
] | null | 5ab90a79fcf456587200001b |
factoid | What is the nucleotide composition of the Lamin Associated Domains (LADs)? | ['A/T rich sequences'] | ['Instead, cLADs are universally characterized by long stretches of DNA of high A/T content. This suggests that the A/T rule represents a default positioning mechanism that is locally overruled during lineage commitment.', 'Cell-type specific LADs also tend to adhere to this "A/T rule" in embryonic stem cells, but not ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23124521"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23124521",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 731,
"offsetInEndSection": 1267,
"text": "Instead, cLADs are universally characterized by long stretches of DNA of high A/T content. Cell-type specific L... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D034921",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D034882",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D001482",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D034904"
] | null | 5a86e6fafaa1ab7d2e000036 |
factoid | What is the clathrin triskelia structure? | ['A three-legged pinwheel-shaped heteropolymer.'] | ['The clathrin triskelion, which is a three-legged pinwheel-shaped heteropolymer, is a major component in the protein coats of certain post-Golgi and endocytic vesicles.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18502808",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16669634",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22704991"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22704991",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 653,
"offsetInEndSection": 771,
"text": "Clathrin assembles into triskelia composed of three clathrin heavy chains and associated clathrin light chains (... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ad4dd93133db5eb78000008 |
factoid | What percentage of Homo sapiens DNA is of Neanderthal origin? | ['2-4%'] | ['We find that the power to reject ancient admixture might be particularly low if the population size of Homo sapiens was comparable to the Neanderthal population size. Our results indicate that 3.6% of the Neanderthal genome is shared with roughly 65.4% of the average European gene pool, which clinally diminishes with... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18768141",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24336922",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27038113",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23872234",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27824859",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26392408"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18768141",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 998,
"offsetInEndSection": 1164,
"text": "We find that the power to reject ancient admixture might be particularly low if the population size of Homo sap... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ace1a590340b9f05800000b |
factoid | What is an exosome? | ['Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that have important roles in intercellular communication. They contain and carry bioactive molecules within their membranes which are delivered to target cells.'] | ['Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that have important roles in intercellular communication. They contain and carry bioactive molecules within their membranes which are delivered to target cells.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28733901",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32722531",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11188932",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18331451",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27018079",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31316512",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28718905",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 177,
"text": "Exosomes are small extracellular membrane-based vesicles with a variety of cargoes that are involved in numerous p... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ac0a36f19833b0d7b000002 |
factoid | Are human enhancers or promoters evolving faster? | ['enhancers'] | ['Our data further reveal that recently evolved enhancers can be associated with genes under positive selection, demonstrating the power of this approach for annotating regulatory adaptations in genomic sequences. We report that rapid evolution of enhancers is a universal feature of mammalian genomes. ', 'We report tha... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24097306",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28527813",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635462",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21783031",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20023155",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24218635"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20023155",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 288,
"offsetInEndSection": 402,
"text": " Recent comparative studies have begun to investigate the evolution of the sequence architecture within enhancer... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ac3699f0340b9f058000001 |
factoid | What biologic process in the body is associated with Mast cells? | ['allergy'] | ['Mast cells (MCs) are innate immune cells that are a major source of costimulatory signals and inflammatory mediators in the intestinal mucosa. ', 'Mast cells are significantly involved in IgE-mediated allergic reactions but may be involved in defense against parasites as well as other immune mediated diseases includi... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15480318",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27619824",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16964309",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27288329",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11447391",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27381924",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27288329",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 125,
"text": "Mast cells (MCs) may play an important role in plaque destabilization and atherosclerotic coronary complications.... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D008407"
] | null | 5aac543bfcf4565872000004 |
factoid | What causes leishmaniasis? | ['Leishmania Species'] | ['Leishmania spp. is a group of very successful protozoan parasites that cause a range of diseases from self-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis to visceral leishmaniasis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28034363",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24105765",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25714343",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16477557",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24946952",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15259461",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28903998",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 466,
"offsetInEndSection": 665,
"text": "we will focus on the shape and form ofLeishmaniaspp., a group of very successful protozoan parasites that cause ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D016774",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D007897",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D007896",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D007898",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:9155",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DO... | null | 5abcf0b0fcf4565872000024 |
factoid | What part of the body is affected by mesotheliomia? | ['lining of the lungs and chest wall'] | ['Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that develops from the thin layer of tissue that covers many of the internal organs (known as the mesothelium). The most common area affected is the lining of the lungs and chest wall.', 'Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a hard to treat malignancy arising from the mesothelial s... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28042777",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28007619",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27431778"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27431778",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive malignant disease"
},
{
"beginSection": "abst... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a74eaa50384be955100000b |
factoid | What is BORSA? | ['Borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus'] | ['Borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is also known as (BORSA)', 'Borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (BORSA)', 'Borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (BORSA). '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10834971",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2069374",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17108271",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28893360",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2261916",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25352679",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28893360",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 60,
"text": "Borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (BORSA)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "h... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D024881",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D024901",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D013211"
] | null | 5aae6499fcf456587200000c |
factoid | Which gene is responsible for proper speech development? | ['FOXP2'] | ['Transcription factor forkhead box protein P2 (FOXP2) plays an essential role in the development of language and speech.', 'The Key Regulator for Language and Speech Development, FOXP2, is a Novel Substrate for SUMOylation.', 'The Key Regulator for Language and Speech Development, FOXP2, is a Novel Substrate for SUMOy... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15983371",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26980647",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25269856",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17033973",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12876151",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26212494",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26212494",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "The Key Regulator for Language and Speech Development, FOXP2, is a Novel Substrate for SUMOylation."
},
{
"beginS... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ace12be0340b9f058000007 |
factoid | What is PNPPP? | ['personally normalized plasma protein profiles'] | ['personally normalized plasma protein profiles (PNPPP)'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26551787"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26551787",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 10,
"offsetInEndSection": 197,
"text": " To study the impact of genetic and lifestyle factors on protein biomarkers and develop personally normalized pla... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a9da59c4e03427e73000005 |
factoid | What does the pembrolizumab companion diagnostic test assess? | ['PD-L1 status'] | ['Administration of pembrolizumab requires a companion diagnostic test, to assess PD-L1 status of patients.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28293123"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28293123",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1139,
"offsetInEndSection": 1303,
"text": "The initial approval and subsequent studies of pembrolizumab required and utilized a companion diagnostic test... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5be48c39133db5eb7800001d |
factoid | What is the combined effect of Nfat and miR-25? | ['Re-express the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor dHAND (also known as Hand2) in the diseased human and mouse myocardium.'] | ['Increased calcineurin/Nfat signalling and decreased miR-25 expression integrate to re-express the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor dHAND (also known as Hand2) in the diseased human and mouse myocardium.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24161931"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24161931",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 88,
"text": "Nfat and miR-25 cooperate to reactivate the transcription factor Hand2 in heart failure."
},
{
"beginSection": "a... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c5f56501a4c55d80b00002a |
factoid | Which genomic positions are preferentially selected for transposon insertion? | ['non coding DNA', 'heterochromatin'] | ['Preferential integration occurs in non-coding DNA and heterochromatin. A preference for structural features in the target DNA associated with DNA flexibility (Twist, Tilt, Rise, Roll, Shift, and Slide) was also observed.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9689229",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947908",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12399934",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26818075",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16717285",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21276256"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12399934",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 437,
"offsetInEndSection": 617,
"text": "These results suggest that in Drosophila preferential insertion sites may be defined with the contribution of ho... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c34ad63da8336e21a000007 |
factoid | Which Lisp framework has been developed for image processing? | ['FunImageJ'] | ['FunImageJ is a Lisp framework for scientific image processing built upon the ImageJ software ecosystem. The framework provides a natural functional-style for programming, while accounting for the performance requirements necessary in big data processing commonly encountered in biological image analysis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29106446"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29106446",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 60,
"text": "FunImageJ: a Lisp framework for scientific image processing."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "h... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c65b7657c78d6947100000c |
factoid | Which gene controls the consistency of cerumen (ear wax)? | ['ABCC11'] | ['A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ABCC11 affects the cerumen VOC profiles of individuals from African, Caucasian, and Asian descent Our findings also reveal that ABCC11 genotype alone does not predict the type and relative levels of volatiles found in human cerumen, and suggest that other biochemical pathways... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25501636",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24572763"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25501636",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 215,
"offsetInEndSection": 354,
"text": "A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ABCC11 affects the cerumen VOC profiles of individuals from African, C... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5acf74460340b9f058000013 |
factoid | What is the origin of human breast milk bacteria? | ['Bacterial endero-mammary pathway'] | ['It is believed that certain bacteria from the maternal gastrointestinal tract could translocate through a mechanism involving mononuclear immune cells, migrate to the mammary glands via an endogenous cellular route (the bacterial entero-mammary pathway), and subsequently colonize the gastrointestinal tract of the bre... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25398740"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25398740",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 183,
"offsetInEndSection": 575,
"text": "In the past years, results provided by different research groups suggest that certain bacteria from the maternal... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5be44ed3133db5eb78000016 |
factoid | Which species is the carrier of the SFTS ( severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome) virus? | ['Haemaphysalis longicornis'] | ['The possibility that SFTSV transmission may occur by both the transstadial and transovarial routes was suggested by the fact that viral RNA was detected in Haemaphysalis longicornis at all developmental stages. Tick-derived sequences shared over 95.6% identity with human- and animal-derived isolates. This study provi... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26957392",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24793967",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29665796",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25711611",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27495089"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24793967",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1161,
"offsetInEndSection": 1324,
"text": "Seroprevalence in animal species were: goats (66.8%), cattle (28.2%), dogs (7.4%), pigs (4.7%), chickens (1.2%... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ad83cd6133db5eb78000010 |
factoid | Which algorithm has been developed for the automatic extraction of co-expressed gene clusters from gene expression data? | ['Clust'] | ['Clust is a method for automatic extraction of optimal co-expressed gene clusters from gene expression data. Clust is available at https://github.com/BaselAbujamous/clust.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30359297"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30359297",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 92,
"text": "Clust: automatic extraction of optimal co-expressed gene clusters from gene expression data."
},
{
"beginSection"... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c58474786df2b9174000001 |
factoid | Which member of the human mycobiota is associated to atherosclerosis? | ['Mucor racemosus'] | ['Mucor racemosus is negatively associated with carotid atherosclerosis'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29124969"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29124969",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 750,
"offsetInEndSection": 856,
"text": "Interestingly, the relative abundance of Mucor racemosus was negatively associated both with FRS and cIMT."
},... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5be47fcb133db5eb7800001a |
factoid | Where is the protein Bouncer located? | ['Bouncer is membrane bound.'] | ['Bouncer is membrane bound.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30190407",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11099133"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30190407",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 229,
"offsetInEndSection": 252,
"text": "Membrane-bound Bouncer "
}
] | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c5f094c1a4c55d80b00000c |
factoid | How many genes in S. cerevisiae are the result of an ancient whole genome duplication? | ['2500'] | ['The two genomes subsequently converged onto similar current sizes (5,600 protein-coding genes each) and independently retained sets of duplicated genes that are strikingly similar. Almost half of their surviving single-copy genes are not orthologs but paralogs formed by WGD, as would be expected if most gene pairs we... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527865",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20820472",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17494770",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15004568",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17194778",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21546358"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17194778",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 156,
"offsetInEndSection": 516,
"text": "By comparing three species (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, and S. castellii) that underwent WGD to ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c2f669e133db5eb78000031 |
factoid | Which intoxication is associated with Burton's line? | ['lead'] | ["Burton's line is characteristic for lead poisoning."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27803011",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24559541",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17179719"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27803011",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 476,
"offsetInEndSection": 585,
"text": "The patient's serum lead concentration was substantially elevated and he perhaps demonstrated Burton's line. "
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c58962286df2b9174000007 |
factoid | Which tool has been developed for coverage calculation for genomes? | ['Mosdepth'] | ['Mosdepth is a command-line tool for rapidly calculating genome-wide sequencing coverage. It measures depth from BAM or CRAM files at either each nucleotide position in a genome or for sets of genomic regions. Genomic regions may be specified as either a BED file to evaluate coverage across capture regions, or as a fi... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29096012"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29096012",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 60,
"text": "Mosdepth: quick coverage calculation for genomes and exomes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "h... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c59872b86df2b9174000017 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.