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La Carlota may refer to:
La Carlota, Negros Occidental, a fourth class city in the central Philippine province of Negros Occidental.
La Carlota, Spain, a municipality in the province of Córdoba, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain.
La Carlota, Argentina, a municipality in the Argentine province of Córdoba.
Generalissimo Francisco de Miranda Airbase, an urban airbase in Caracas, Venezuela, commonly referred to as "La Carlota". | wiki |
Lake Krasnoye (, literally “Red Lake”) may refer to:
Lake Krasnoye (Leningrad Oblast), a lake in the central part of the Karelian Isthmus, in Leningrad Oblast, Russia
Lake Krasnoye (Chukotka), a lake in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia
See also
Lake Gołdap, a lake divided between Poland's Gołdap County and Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast, which is also named “Krasnoye” in Russian
ru:Красное#Озёра | wiki |
Del Young may refer to:
Del Young (outfielder) (1885-1959), Major League Baseball outfielder from 1909 to 1915
Del Young (infielder) (1912-1979), Major League Baseball from 1937 to 1940 | wiki |
The Cub – film del 1913 diretto da Harold M. Shaw
The Cub – film del 1915 diretto da Maurice Tourneur
The Cub – film del 2013 diretto da Riley Stearns | wiki |
Revival (Eminem-album)
Revival (John Fogerty-album)
Revival (Selena Gomez-album) | wiki |
The cone of power is a method of raising energy in ritual magic, especially in Wicca. The cone of power is visualized as a
cone of energy that encompasses the circumference of the magic circle of Wiccans and tapering off to a point above the group. As a group, the cone is formed by the Wiccans standing in a circle, sometimes holding hands, and focusing on a single point above the group and in the centre of the circle. They then dance, drum, chant, or perform various other ritual gestures, in order to raise the energy and extend it upwards. When the state that these actions create has reached a peak, the ritual leader will signal the group and the energy is released upwards and the cone is “sent” towards the goal. This is called "Raising the Cone of Power".
Uses
The cone of power is used in Wicca because it is believed that through work, Wiccans can raise energy from their bodies that can be directed towards their magical goals. This work is most commonly done through singing, dancing, chanting, and/or drumming. This energy is directed upwards towards their gods and their goals being achieved. Wiccans say that the cone of power has been utilized to end wars, but can function on a smaller level as well. The cone of power can be used to target a specific person, bring good fortune, or accomplish a specific goal. The goal of the cone of power depends entirely on the goals of the coven performing it.
Importance of the cone shape
The cone itself holds significance in Wicca. The cone is most commonly linked to the chakras. The base of the cone correlates with the root chakra at the base of the spine. The root chakra forms the base of the cone. The cone then extends upwards to the crown chakra at the top of the head forming the point of the cone. The chakras themselves deal with the flow of energy in the body, and the cone of power is created by harnessing the body’s natural energy and directing it upwards.
The shape of the cone can also be broken down into a circle and a triangle. Both of these shapes have significance in Wicca. The circle represents the sun, unity, and rebirth. The triangle itself is associated with the elements and with pyramids. Pyramids represent higher spiritual desires. Wicca is a religion that is based on nature, so these symbols hold importance. The Triangle is also a symbol for the Triple Goddess, an important Wicca Goddess.
Early examples
One of the first cited examples of the cone of power comes from Gerald Gardner. Gardner, the founder of the Gardnerian tradition of Wicca, who wrote in his early writing that his New Forest Coven performed a cone of power ritual to keep Hitler’s troops from invading Great Britain. Other early examples where witches have been reported to use the cone of power against enemies are:
1588, cone of power helped to defeat the Spanish Armada
1805, cone of power raised against Napoleon's planned invasion
1971, California witches gathered and performed a cone of power ritual to end the war in Vietnam.
Increasing effectiveness
There are a few ways Wiccans are taught to increase the effectiveness of the cone of power ritual. The overall success of the magic is first dependent on the intention or goal of the people performing it. The best way to increase the overall effectiveness of the ritual is to work magic in a group. The methods taught to increase the success are grounding and centering energy, creating a sacred space, specifically a circle, and training to focus attention on the stated goal of the magical ritual. This enables the achievement of the ecstatic trance required to release the energy upwards and send it to the stated goal.
References
Works cited
Wiccan terminology
Ceremonial magic | wiki |
The English Churchman is a Protestant family newspaper published in England with a global readership. The newspaper is not an official organ of the Church of England, but is one of only three officially recognised church papers, alongside the Church Times and the Church of England Newspaper. The formal title of the newspaper is English Churchman and St James's Chronicle.
The St James's Chronicle dates from 1761. The first edition of a newspaper under the name English Churchman was published on 5 January 1843.
Contrary to general ecclesiastical trends, the English Churchman began life as an Anglo-Catholic newspaper. It was 'set up for the express purpose of advocating Tractarian views' and ranked alongside the British Critic as one of the 'two great Tractarian organs'.
In 1884, the paper was acquired by those in sympathy with the Church Association, thus coming into evangelical hands, where it has remained ever since. It has gained a reputation for being 'robustly Reformed and Protestant, Evangelical, as the Formularies of the Church of England teach' (i.e. the Thirty-Nine Articles, the Book of Common Prayer, and the ordinal).
As of 1 February 2021, the editor was a clergyman of the Church of Ireland.
The cover cost of English Churchman has risen from one penny per copy in the late nineteenth century to one pound at present. The newspaper was originally weekly, but since the 1970s has been published fortnightly. Most readers are subscribers who receive the newspaper by post, although the paper was historically available through newsagents.
References
External links
John Wilkes & The St James Chronicle - UK Parliament Living Heritage
Christian magazines
Publications established in 1843
1843 establishments in England | wiki |
Greg Brock may refer to:
Greg Brock (baseball) (born 1957), American baseball player
Greg Brock (The West Wing), a fictional character on The West Wing | wiki |
Temperance may refer to:
Moderation
Temperance movement, movement to reduce the amount of alcohol consumed
Temperance (virtue), habitual moderation in the indulgence of a natural appetite or passion
Culture
Temperance (group), Canadian dance-pop musical group
Temperance (Tarot card), Major Arcana Tarot card
Temperance, album by Astrud Gilberto
Temperance Brennan, fictional character by Kathy Reichs
Temperance "Bones" Brennan, fictional character of TV series Bones
Temperance (Italian band), Italian melodic metal group
Temperance (album), 2014 debut album by the Italian band
Places
United States
Temperance, Georgia, an unincorporated community
Temperance Bell, Georgia, an unincorporated community
Temperance, Michigan, a community
Temperance Hall, Tennessee, a small community
Temperance Island, Lake Michigan
Temperance River, Minnesota
Other places
Temperance Vale, New Brunswick, Canada
Temperance Town, Cardiff, Wales
See also
Temperance bar, bars of the temperance movement opposed to alcohol
Temperance Hall (disambiguation)
Virtue names | wiki |
Pompey's Pillar may refer to:
Pompey's Pillar (column), an ancient column in Alexandria, Egypt
Pompeys Pillar National Monument, a large rock formation in Montana, USA, named after a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
Pompey's Pillar, Montana, an unincorporated community in Montana, named after the rock formation
Pompeys Pillar (South Australia), a mountain in Wilpena Pound
The Pillar of Pompey, an ancient altar on the European side of the Symplegades | wiki |
James Gardner Brooks Jr. (August 12, 1942 – December 1, 1999), known as Stephen Brooks, was an American film and television actor.
Life
Born in Columbus, Ohio, Brooks was best known as Special Agent Jim Rhodes in the first two seasons of the television series The F.B.I. (1965-1967). His guest appearances included roles as Ensign Garrovick in the Star Trek episode "Obsession" (1967), and as Officer Joe Nash in The Invaders second season episode "The Life Seekers" (1968).
Death
He died of a heart attack, aged 57, in Seattle, Washington.
External links
1942 births
1999 deaths
American male television actors
Male actors from Columbus, Ohio
20th-century American male actors | wiki |
Retardation is the act or result of delaying; the extent to which anything is retarded or delayed; that which retards or delays.
Retardation or retarded or similar may refer to:
Medicine and biology
Mental retardation, also known as intellectual disability, a disorder characterized by significantly impaired cognitive functioning and deficits in adaptive behaviors
Psychomotor retardation, a slowing-down of thought and a reduction of physical movements in an individual
A form of heterochrony, able to cause effects such as neoteny, retention by adults of traits previously seen only in the young
Physics and engineering
Retardation factor, in chromatography, the fraction of an analyte in the mobile phase of a chromatographic system
Retarded potential, in electrodynamics, electromagnetic potentials generated by time-varying electric current or charge distributions in the past
Retarded time, time when an electromagnetic field began to propagate from a point in a charge distribution to an observer
Retardation time
Retardation, in telegraphy, a kind of distortion of signal pulses; see law of squares
Music
Retardation (music), a suspension that resolves upward instead of downward
"Retarded" (song), a 1990 single by the band The Afghan Whigs
Other uses
A process used in proofing (baking technique)
Retard (pejorative), a pejorative term for someone with a mental disability
See also
Retarder (disambiguation)
Get Retarded (disambiguation) | wiki |
Ashbel est un fils de Benjamin fils de Jacob et de Rachel. Ses descendants s'appellent les Ashbélites.
Ashbel et ses frères
Ashbel a pour frères Béla, Béker, Guéra, Naamân, Éhi, Rosh, Mouppim, Houppim et Ard.
Ashbel en Égypte
Ashbel part avec son père Benjamin et son grand-père Jacob pour s'installer en Égypte au pays de Goshen dans le delta du Nil.
La famille des Ashbélites dont l'ancêtre est Ashbel sort du pays d'Égypte avec Moïse.
Références
Personnage du Tanakh
Personnage de l'Ancien Testament | wiki |
DeepL Translator is a neural machine translation service launched in August 2017 and owned by Cologne based DeepL SE. The translating system was first developed within Linguee and launched as entity DeepL. It initially offered translations between seven European languages and was gradually expanded to support 31 languages.
Its algorithm uses convolutional neural networks and an English pivot. It offers a paid subscription for additional features and access to its translation application programming interface.
Service
Translation methodology
The service uses a proprietary algorithm with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that have been trained with the Linguee database. According to the developers, the service uses a newer, improved architecture of neural networks, which results in a more natural sound of translations compared to competing services. The translation is said to be generated using a supercomputer that reaches 5.1 petaflops and is operated in Iceland with hydropower. In general, CNNs are slightly more suitable for long, coherent word sequences, but have so far not been used by the competition due to their weaknesses compared to recurrent neural networks. The weaknesses at DeepL are compensated for by supplemental techniques, some of which are publicly known.
Translator and subscription
The translator can be used for free with a 5,000 characters limit per translation. Microsoft Word and PowerPoint files in Office Open XML file formats (.docx and .pptx) and PDF files can also be translated.
It offers a paid subscription called DeepL Pro, which has been available since March 2018, and includes application programming interface access and a software plug-in for computer-assisted translation tools, including SDL Trados Studio. Unlike the free version, translated texts are stated to not be saved on the server and the character limit is removed. The monthly pricing model includes a set amount of text, with texts beyond this calculated according to the number of characters.
Supported languages
As of January 2023, the translation service supports the following languages:
Bulgarian
Chinese (Simplified)
Czech
Danish
Dutch
English (American and British)
Estonian
Finnish
French
German
Greek
Hungarian
Indonesian
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Latvian
Lithuanian
Norwegian (Bokmål)
Polish
Portuguese (Brazilian and European)
Romanian
Russian
Slovak
Slovene
Spanish
Swedish
Turkish
Ukrainian
History
The translating system was first developed within Linguee by a team led by Chief technology officer Jaroslaw Kutylowski in 2016. It was launched as DeepL Translator on 28 August 2017, offering translations between English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Polish and Dutch. With the launch, it claimed to have surpassed its competitors in self-conducted blind tests and BLEU scores, including Google Translate, Amazon Translate, Microsoft Translator and Facebook's translation feature. With the release of DeepL in 2017, Linguee's company name was changed to DeepL GmbH, while being also financed by advertising on its sister site linguee.com.
Support for Portuguese and Russian languages was added on 5 December 2018. In July 2019, Jaroslaw Kutylowski became CEO of DeepL GmbH and restructured the company into a Societas Europaea in 2021. Translation software for Microsoft Windows and macOS was released in September 2019. Support for Chinese (Simplified) and Japanese was added on 19 March 2020, which it claimed had surpassed aforementioned competitors as well as Baidu and Youdao. 13 more European languages were added in March 2021. On 25 May 2022, support for Indonesian and Turkish languages was added, while support for Ukrainian language was added on 14 September 2022. In January 2023, the company reached a valuation of 1 billion euro and became the most valued startup in Cologne.
DeepL Write
In November 2022, DeepL launched a tool to improve monolingual texts in English and German, called DeepL Write. In December the company removed access, informing journalists that it was only for internal use and that DeepL Write will be launched in early 2023. The public beta version was finally released on January 17, 2023.
Reception
Reception of DeepL Translator in 2017 has been generally positive, with TechCrunch appreciating it for the accuracy of its translations, stating that it was more accurate and nuanced than Google Translate, and Le Monde thanking its developers for translating French text into more 'French-sounding' expressions. A news article from the website of the Dutch television channel RTL Z stated that DeepL Translator "offers better translations […] when it comes to Dutch to English and vice versa". An Italian newspaper la Repubblica and a Latin American website "WWWhat's new?" showed praise as well. In 2020, Japanese website Gigazine found the Japanese translation to be accurate, even when the text was mixed with dialects.
Press noted it had far fewer languages available for translation than competing products. It also lacks a website translation feature and free app integrations. A 2018 paper by the University of Bologna evaluated the Italian to German translation capabilities and found the preliminary results to be in similar quality to Google Translate. In September 2021, Slator remarked that the language industry response was more measured than the press, while noting it is still highly regarded.
DeepL Translator won the 2020 Webby Award for Best Practices, and the 2020 Webby Award for Technical Achievement (Apps, Mobile, and Features), both in the category Apps, Mobile & Voice. DeepL.com was ranked 136th in the Alexa ranking of the most-visited sites in the world as of October 2021.
See also
Comparison of machine translation applications
References
Bibliography
External links
Machine translation software
Multilingual websites
Natural language processing software
Free and open-source Android software
Products introduced in 2017
Translation websites | wiki |
Yellow loosestrife is a common name for several plants in the genus Lysimachia and may refer to:
Lysimachia × commixta, native to eastern North America
Lysimachia punctata
Lysimachia vulgaris, native to Europe | wiki |
Hurricane season may refer to:
Atlantic hurricane season
Pacific hurricane season
Hurricane Season (film), a 2010 film by Tim Story
Hurricane Season (album), a 2011 album by Dan Andriano
Sports years of various sports of the Miami Hurricanes of the University of Miami
Hurricane Season: Walking on Dead Fish, 2008 documentary film about football in the wake of Katrina directed by Franklin Martin
Hurricane Season, a 2007 book by author Neal Thompson about a football team's success after Hurricane Katrina
Hurricane Season (novel), a 2017 novel by Mexican writer Fernanda Melchor | wiki |
Lagoa Grande è un comune del Brasile nello Stato del Minas Gerais, parte della mesoregione del Noroeste de Minas e della microregione di Paracatu.
Note
Altri progetti
Comuni del Minas Gerais | wiki |
Revelations – album grupy Audioslave
Revelations – singel grupy Audioslave
Revelations – album grupy Fields of the Nephilim
Revelations – album grupy Killing Joke
Revelations – album grupy Vader
Assassin’s Creed: Revelations – gra komputerowa z 2011 roku
en:Revelation (disambiguation)
it:Revelation
nl:Revelation
pt:Revelation
ru:Откровение (значения) | wiki |
Queen's Metal, an alloy of nine parts tin and one each of antimony, lead, and bismuth, is intermediate in hardness between pewter and britannia metal. It was developed by English pewtersmiths in the 16th century; the recipe was initially a secret and was reserved for pieces made for the English royal family.
References
Fusible alloys
Tin alloys
Lead alloys | wiki |
Arifana is a type of celebration in Turkish tradition, especially in Artvin. Usually taking place in winter, it is a festival incorporating song, dance, theatre, and feasting. Rams are slaughtered and made into kebabs and roasts and served with sweet pastries. The expenses of the Arifana are paid equally by the participants, although the poor and visitors are not required to pay.
References
Özhan Öztürk "Karadeniz: Ansiklopedik Sözlük". 2 Vol. Heyamola Publishing. Istanbul. 2005. .
Festivals in Turkey
Winter events in Turkey | wiki |
The Champion Pub is a pinball game released by Williams Electronics Games (under the Bally label) in 1998. The theme of the game revolves around boxing in a 1920s pub.
Description
The playfield of The Champion Pub features several toys which include:
A jump rope area, in which the player must jump the ball over a rotating metal bar using a flipper-controlled solenoid
A speed bag area, where the player must knock the ball against a target with a pair of plastic fists controlled by the flippers
A rotating wall with a heavy bag on one side and a boxer figure on the other, which the player can hit with the ball to train for a fight or land punches against an opponent, respectively
Game features include four multiball modes and 15 jackpot levels, 10 different international opponents, and over 300 speech sound effects.
Gameplay
The primary goal is to build up a health bar by making indicated shots, then begin a fight against one of the pub's 10 resident opponents and hit the boxer figure enough times to completely drain his health.
Multiball modes
The multiballs are as follows:
Multi-Brawl: A three-ball mode, started by locking three balls. Each lit shot made awards the current jackpot and advances it by one level. Jackpots can also be collected by making lit shots outside of this mode.
Raid Multiball: A three-ball mode, started by winning three fights. All targets are worth a set value, which increases with every hit up to a maximum.
Fisticuffs Multiball: A two-ball mode, started by hitting the heavy bag enough times to spell BAR FLY FISTICUFFS. The wall rotates to expose the boxer, who can be hit in the head or stomach for points.
Champion Multiball: A four-ball mode, started by winning five fights; consists of all three modes above at once, with a bonus for making lit shots.
Certain groups of multiballs can run simultaneously, for which four balls are put into play.
Wizard mode: The Ultimate Challenge
The wizard mode of the game is the Ultimate Challenge, with the following requirements:
Play Multi-Brawl, Raid Multiball, and Fisticuffs Multiball
Collect all 15 jackpots
Complete all three training exercises (speed bag, heavy bag, jump rope)
Become the Pub Champion by winning five fights
Win at least one fight by knockout
Once the Ultimate Challenge begins, four balls are put into play and the player is given one full health bar with which to defeat the five fighters not defeated to become Pub Champion. Successfully doing so lights additional shots for bonus points.
After the player's fifth victory, all fights outside of the Ultimate Challenge are played as "Cash Fights," in which the player must wager a portion of their score. The wager is added for a victory or deducted for a loss.
Game quotes
"Welcome to Champion Pub, kid!"
"I'm your coach kid so ya better listen up!"
"I'm O'Brien, and these are me knuckles!"
Cast of Characters
The Kid, the character assumed by the player
Sir Winston Pounds, from England
Master Bim Bam Boom, from China
Knuckles O'Brien, from Ireland
Franz von Pain, from Germany
Pierre LePunche, from France
Patrotsky Yirbitov, from Russia
Antonio Jaberini, from Italy
Steveo, from San Francisco (USA)
Armando Santiago, from Spain
Dan Unda, from Australia
The Drunk
Crazy Bob
The Coach
The Pub Owner
Credits
Champion Pub Design Team: Pete Piotrowski, Dwight Sullivan, Brad Cornell, Rich Carle, Paul Barker, Linda Doane, Adam Rhine
Voices: Vince Pontarelli as Sir Winston Pounds, Jon Hey as The Master, Scott Stevenson as Knuckles O'Brien, Scott Stevenson as Franz von Pain, Jon Hey as Pierre LePunche, Herman Sanchez as Patrotsky Yirbitov, Rich Carle as Antonio Jaberini, Vince Pontarelli as Steveo, Herman Sanchez as Armando Santiago, Rich Carle as Dan Unda, Scott Stevenson as The Drunk, Jon Hey as Crazy Bob, Greg Freres as The Coach, Rob Berry as the Pub Owner
Copy Consultant: Scott Adsit
Special Thanks to: Kevin O'Connor, Margaret Hudson, Pat McMahon, Andy Eloff, Inger Carle, Graham West, Loren Stanton, Howard Thomas, Ben Rodriguez, Butch Ortega, Chuck Bleich, Brian Magruder, Kent Pemberton, Jose Delgado, Jim Shird, Wally Roeder, Mark Johnson, Ted Chmiola, Mike Laporta, Dwen Larson, Hernando Azarcon, Mike Mendes, Al Cardenas, Dale Prasse, Bill Thomson, Phil Kohler, Jerry Bartel, Edwin Toliver, Linda Williams, Loriene Livingston, Fred Flores, Joe Pratt, Juan Abrams, John McCaffer, Elaine Johnson, Karen Trybula
Extra Special Thanks to: Sue Piotrowski, Anna Sullivan, Liz Cornell, Inger Carle, Traci Barker, Dave Doane, Karen Rhine
Digital versions
The Champion Pub is available as a licensed table of Pinball FX 3 for several platforms. It was formerly available for The Pinball Arcade until license expiration.
References
External links
IPDB listing for The Champion Pub
Background of Boxing Pubs
1998 pinball machines
Midway pinball machines
Bally pinball machines | wiki |
The Reina World Tag Team Championship (Campeonato Mundial en Parejas de Reina in Spanish; in Japanese) was a professional wrestling Tag team championship promoted by Reina Joshi Puroresu. The championship was created in September 2011 in Universal Woman's Pro Wrestling Reina (UWWR) promotion. Through UWWR's working relationship with Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), CMLL wrestlers have also competed for the title. Following the dissolution of UWWR in May 2012, the title moved over to Reina X World, later renamed Reina Joshi Puroresu.
History
Teams:
Canadian NINJAs (Nicole Matthews and Portia Perez)
Mia Yim and Sara Del Rey
La Comandante and Zeuxis
Aki Kanbayashi and Saya
Reigns
Combined reigns
By team
By wrestler
External links
Official UWWR's site
See also
International Ribbon Tag Team Championship
WWE Women's Tag Team Championship
Oz Academy Tag Team Championship
Wave Tag Team Championship
Goddess of Stardom Championship
Women's World Tag Team Championship
References
Women's professional wrestling tag team championships
Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre championships | wiki |
Robert Ortiz may refer to:
Robert Ortiz (gridiron football) (born 1983), former professional football player
Robert Ortiz (born 1987), drummer for band Escape the Fate
See also
Roberto Ortiz (disambiguation)
Ortiz (surname) | wiki |
Broad-leaved pondweed is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
Potamogeton amplifolius, native to North America
Potamogeton natans, native to the northern hemisphere, and known as broad-leaved pondweed in the British Isles | wiki |
Go out may refer to:
Go out (cards), to empty one's hand or achieve the target number of points in certain card games
Go out policy, a Chinese overseas investment strategy
Dating, socialising romantically with another person | wiki |
Run, Rose, Run is the forty-eighth solo studio album by American singer-songwriter Dolly Parton. It was released March 4, 2022, through Parton's own Butterfly Records. The album was produced by Parton with Richard Dennison and Tom Rutledge. It is a companion album to the novel of the same name, co-written by Parton and James Patterson. The album was preceded by the release of the singles "Big Dreams and Faded Jeans" and "Blue Bonnet Breeze". On March 21, 2022, it was announced that Parton would star in and produce a film adaptation of the novel from Reese Witherspoon's Hello Sunshine.
Background
Parton prematurely announced that she was working on a novel with James Patterson in July 2020, during an interview with Eddie Stubbs on WSM. Following the broadcast, the interview was posted to WSM's SoundCloud page, but was deleted by mid-afternoon the next day. She first mentioned that she was working on a new bluegrass album in June 2021 during a press conference at Dollywood announcing their new Heartsong Lodge & Resort. Parton teased the album again in July 2021 during an interview with Tim McGraw on his Apple Music radio show Beyond the Influence. She mentioned that she had recorded duets with Merle Haggard’s son (though she did not specify whether it was Marty, Noel, or Ben) and Joe Nichols (who she previously collaborated with on "If I Were a Carpenter" for her 2005 album Those Were the Days). She went on to say that she had recorded some bluegrass and some country material for the record.
Release and promotion
On Wednesday, August 11, 2021, Parton officially announced that she had teamed up with James Patterson to write a new book titled Run, Rose, Run, to be published on March 7, 2022, by Little, Brown and Company. She also announced that the book would be released alongside an album of 12 original songs produced by Richard Dennison and Tom Rutledge. The album was released March 4, 2022, on CD, digital download, and LP. Parton's online store offered an exclusive marble red LP, while Barnes & Noble, Target, Walmart, and Talk Shop Live offered opaque blue, clear green, peach, and violet LPs, respectively. Target stores also offered a CD edition containing an exclusive bookmark. Jeni's Splendid Ice Creams offered an exclusive digital version of the album containing one bonus track, "Rose of My Heart" (which was originally released in March 2009 as a bonus track on the Collector's Edition of Parton's 2008 album Backwoods Barbie sold at Cracker Barrel).
Singles
The album's first single, "Big Dreams and Faded Jeans", was released on January 14, 2022. "Blue Bonnet Breeze" was released as the second single on February 11. "Woman Up (And Take It Like a Man)" was issued as the third single alongside the album's release on March 4.
Critical reception
Run, Rose, Run was met with favorable reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from professional publications, the album received an average score of 68, based on six reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Writing for The Times, Will Hodgkinson described the album as "bluegrass-tinged country with the energy of rock and the emotion of MOR balladry." He noted that while "there are no surprises" on the album, it demonstrates "Parton's remarkable ability to write songs that hide their sophistication underneath language and themes anyone can understand and relate to." In a positive review for the Evening Standard, David Smyth said this may seem "more like a money-printing marketing exercise than any deep-rooted desire to produce a great American novel," but "the album itself is significantly more straightforward than all the elements around it." He felt that the songs are "good enough to deserve more than status as footnotes to a book." Helen Brown gave a positive review for The Independent, saying that the album will leave listeners "marveling at Parton's ability to capitalize on her slick professionalism without ever compromising her huge heart and sparkling spirit." Emma Harrison at Clash described the album as "effervescent, exuberant, wry, but always appealing." She said the album "displays Dolly's evergreen storytelling prowess and is a vibrant and compelling body of work." Further describing the album as "uplifting and vulnerable," she said that it "effortlessly accompanies the story that unfolds in her novel. However, it is strong enough to work as a standalone body of work." Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic also reviewed the album positively. He theorized that Parton might be "cloaking her personal experiences in the guise of a fictional narrative...to allude to her past in this fashion." He went on to say that "no matter the inspiration" the album is "a satisfying listen on its own terms."
In a mixed review for The Arts Desk, Tim Cumming described the album as "a hot mix of bluegrass and acoustic, down-home country." Nick Levine of NME also gave a mixed review of the album. He called the album "a thoroughly enjoyable listen that confirms what fans already know: even a middle-of-the-road Dolly Parton album has lashings of charm." In a mixed review for Rolling Stone, Jonathan Bernstein said "Run, Rose, Run is an impressive display of Parton's songwriting and vocal mastery that nevertheless leaves one hoping she one day releases the classic late-era record she's so clearly primed to make, should she choose." Andy Fyfe of Mojo gave the album a mixed review, rating it three out of five stars. He felt that "while some of her peers are making late-life albums that push both them and their audience, it's a pity Parton has retreated into much safer and predictable territory."
Commercial performance
Run, Rose, Run debuted and peaked at number 34 on Billboard 200 with 17,000 equivalent album units sold in its first week. The album also debuted and peaked at number four on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart. It is Parton's forty-seventh top ten entry on the chart, extending her record for the most top tens by a female artist. The album also peaked at number one on the Billboard Top Americana/Folk Albums chart and the Billboard Bluegrass Albums chart. It peaked at number six on the Billboard Independent Albums chart. In Europe the album peaked at number 23 on the UK Albums chart, number one on the UK Country Albums chart, number four on the UK Independent Albums chart, number four on the Scottish Albums chart, number 76 on the Dutch Albums chart, and number 122 on the Belgium Albums chart. It also peaked at number six on the Australian Country Albums chart.
Track listing
Personnel
Adapted from the album liner notes.
Performance
David Angell – violin (6, 12)
Monissa Angel – violin (6)
Appalachian Road Show – background vocals (10)
Barry Abernathy, Jim Van Cleve, Darrel Webb
Pat Bergeson – harmonica (2, 7)
Becky Isaacs Bowman – background vocals (4)
Jamie Dailey – background vocals (1)
David Davidson – violin (6, 12)
Richard Dennison – piano (1, 4, 8, 11, 12), B3 organ (2, 7), keys (3, 9), guest artist (12), background vocals (2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10)
Ben Haggard – guest artist (3)
Vicki Hampton – background vocals (2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10)
Steve Hinson – steel guitar (10)
Paul Hollowell – B3 organ (5)
Sonya Isaacs – background vocals (4)
Dirk Johnson – keys (10)
Steve Mackey – bass (1–5, 7, 8–11)
Jimmy Mattingly – fiddle (1, 8, 11), mandolin (6, 9, 12)
Charlie McCoy – harmonica (3)
Aaron McCune – background vocals (1)
Joe Nichols – guest artist (10)
Jennifer O'Brien – background vocals (2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10)
Richie Owens – Weissenborn resonator guitar (5)
Carole Rabinowitz – cello (6)
Sarighani Reist – cello (12)
Dolly Parton – lead vocals, harmony vocals (3, 6, 8–10)
Tom Rutledge – banjo (1, 4, 11), acoustic guitar (3, 5–7, 9, 10)
Val Storey – background vocals (8)
Scott Vestal – banjo (8)
Darrin Vincent – background vocals (1)
Rhonda Vincent – background vocals (8)
Kent Wells – acoustic guitar (1, 2, 4, 8, 11), electric guitar (1–5, 7–11)
Kristin Wilkinson – viola (12)
Lonnie Wilson – drums (1–5, 7–11)
Production
Daniel Bacigalupi – Dolby Atmos mastering assistant, vinyl mastering assistant (Infrasonic Mastering, Nashville, Tennessee)
Mark Capps – mixing (Sound Shop East, Nashville, Tennessee)
Joe Corey – recording engineer (The Sound House, Redding, California)
Joey Crawford – recording engineer (Adventure Studio, Nashville, Tennessee)
David Davidson – string arrangement (tracks 6, 12)
Richard Dennison – producer, co-producer, vocal arrangements
Ben Isaacs – recording engineer, edit engineer (Ben's Den Recording Studio, Hendersonville, Tennessee)
Chris Latham – edit engineer (The Gorilla's Nest, Joelton, Tennessee)
Pete Lyman – Dolby Atmos mastering (Infrasonic Mastering, Nashville, Tennessee)
Andrew Mendelson – mastering (Georgetown Masters, Nashville, Tennessee)
Mark Needham – Dolby Atmos mixing (In the Woods Studio)
Dolly Parton – producer, executive producer
Piper Payne – vinyl mastering (Infrasonic Mastering, Nashville, Tennessee)
Tom Rutledge – producer, co-producer, recording engineer, edit engineer (Velvet Apple Studios, Nashville, Tennessee)
Phillip Smith – Dolby ATMOS mixing assistant (In the Woods Studio)
Darrin Vincent – recording engineer (Dailey and Vincent, Nashville, Tennessee)
Kent Wells – recording engineer (KWP Productions, Nashville, Tennessee)
Lonnie Wilson – recording engineer (The Freeway, Franklin, Tennessee)
Other personnel
Stacie Huckeba – photographer
Iisha Lemming – wardrobe production
Vance Nichols – wardrobe production
Riley Reed – wardrobe production
Cheryl Riddle – hair
J.B. Rowland – art direction
Rebecca Seaver – creative production manager
Steve Summers – costume designer
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2022 albums
Dolly Parton albums | wiki |
Saying Goodbye may refer to:
Saying Goodbye (TV series), a 1990 Canadian drama anthology series
Saying Goodbye, a 2009 short film by Casper Andreas
"Saying Goodbye", a song by Deborah Cox from The Promise, 2008
"Saying Good-Bye", a song by Joe Satriani from Joe Satriani, 1984 | wiki |
Glen Campbell (1936–2017) was an American country musician.
Glen(n) Campbell may also refer to:
People
Glen Campbell (actor), (1964) Jamaican actor and comedian
Glenn Ross Campbell (born 1946), American guitarist based in the UK
Glenn Campbell (broadcaster) (born 1976), Scottish journalist
Glen Campbell (curler) (1916–2005), Canadian curler
Glenn Campbell (American football) (1904–1973), American football end
Other
Glen Campbell, Pennsylvania, town
"Glen Campbell (Space Ghost Coast to Coast)", an episode of Space Ghost Coast to Coast
Glen Travis Campbell (album), a 1972 album by Glen Campbell
See also
Campbell (surname)
Campbell, Glen | wiki |
An air gunner or aerial gunner is a member of a military aircrew who operates flexible-mount or turret-mounted machine guns or autocannons in an aircraft. Modern aircraft weapons are usually operated automatically without the need for a dedicated air gunner, but older generation (World War II and earlier) bombers used to carry up to eight air gunners.
Most modern air gunners are helicopter door gunners, who typically have other primary roles such as crew chief or observer in addition to their air gunner role. Others fly as members of aircrews on gunships, where their duties may include loading guns or manually firing them if computer systems fail.
See also
Aircrew (Flight crew)
Door gunner
Tail gunner
Nose gunner
Gunner Badge
Military aviation occupations
Combat occupations | wiki |
Xplosion may refer to:
Impact Xplosion, an American TV series
Xplosión, a 1993 album by Vico C
"Xplosion", a song by OutKast from their 2000 album Stankonia | wiki |
Godiva or Lady Godiva was an Anglo-Saxon noblewoman who, according to legend, rode naked through the streets of Coventry, in England, in order to gain a remission of the oppressive taxation imposed by her husband on his tenants.
Godiva or Lady Godiva may also refer to:
Arts and entertainment
Films and television
Lady Godiva (1911 film), an American silent historical drama film
Lady Godiva (1921 film), a German silent historical drama film
Lady Godiva (2008 film), a British romantic comedy film
Godiva's, a Canadian television series depicting a small restaurant in Vancouver
Music
Godiva's Hymn, traditional drinking song for engineers
Godiva Festival, an annual festival of pop music held in July in the War Memorial Park, Coventry, England
Godiva (album), a 2003 album by Godiva
"Lady Godiva" (song), a 1966 song by Peter and Gordon, notably covered by Alex Day
"Godiva", a song by Heaven Shall Burn from the 2013 album Veto
Other arts
Godiva (comics), the name of three DC Comics characters
"Godiva" (poem), an 1842 poem by Alfred Tennyson
Lady Godiva (painting), an 1898 painting by John Collier
Others
Godiva (gastropod), a genus of nudibranchs (sea slugs)
Godiva (horse), a racehorse
3018 Godiva, an asteroid
Godiva Chocolatier, a chocolate maker
Godiva device, an experimental nuclear reactor at the Los Alamos National Laboratory that caused a criticality accident in 1954
See also
Lady Godiva syndrome or exhibitionism
Lady Godiva Memorial Bnad (sic), organization of University of Toronto engineering students
Lady Godiva of Coventry, an American historical film released in 1955
Lady Godiva Rides Again, British comedy film released in 1951
"Lady Godiva's Operation", a 1968 song by The Velvet Underground
Lady Godiva in popular culture | wiki |
A virtual globe is a three-dimensional (3D) software model or representation of Earth or another world. A virtual globe provides the user with the ability to freely move around in the virtual environment by changing the viewing angle and position. Compared to a conventional globe, virtual globes have the additional capability of representing many different views of the surface of Earth. These views may be of geographical features, man-made features such as roads and buildings, or abstract representations of demographic quantities such as population.
On November 20, 1997, Microsoft released an offline virtual globe in the form of Encarta Virtual Globe 98, followed by Cosmi's 3D World Atlas in 1999. The first widely publicized online virtual globes were NASA WorldWind (released in mid-2004) and Google Earth (mid-2005).
Types
Virtual globes may be used for study or navigation (by connecting to a GPS device) and their design varies considerably according to their purpose. Those wishing to portray a visually accurate representation of the Earth often use satellite image servers and are capable not only of rotation but also zooming and sometimes horizon tilting. Very often such virtual globes aim to provide as true a representation of the world as is possible, with worldwide coverage up to a very detailed level. When this is the case, the interface often has the option of providing simplified graphical overlays to highlight man-made features, since these are not necessarily obvious from a photographic aerial view. The other issue raised by such detail available is that of security, with some governments having raised concerns about the ease of access to detailed views of sensitive locations such as airports and military bases.
Another type of virtual globe exists whose aim is not the accurate representation of the planet, but instead a simplified graphical depiction. Most early computerized atlases were of this type and, while displaying less detail, these simplified interfaces are still widespread since they are faster to use because of the reduced graphics content and the speed with which the user can understand the display.
List of virtual globe software
As more and more high-resolution satellite imagery and aerial photography become accessible for free, many of the latest online virtual globes are built to fetch and display these images. They include:
ArcGIS Explorer, a lightweight client for ArcGIS Server, supports WMS and many other GIS file formats.
Bing Maps, 3D interface runs inside Internet Explorer and Firefox, and uses NASA Blue Marble: Next Generation.
Bhuvan is an India-specific virtual globe.
Earth3D, a program that visualizes the Earth in a real-time 3D view. It uses data from NASA, USGS, the CIA and the city of Osnabrück. Earth3D is free software (GPL).
EarthBrowser, an Adobe Flash/AIR-based virtual globe with real-time weather forecasts, earthquakes, volcanoes, and webcams.
Google Earth, satellite and aerial photos dataset (including commercial DigitalGlobe images) with international road dataset, the first popular virtual globe along with NASA World Wind.
MapJack is a flash based map covering areas in Canada, France, Latvia, Macau, Malaysia, Puerto Rico, Singapore, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States.
Marble, part of KDE, with data provided by OpenStreetMap, as well as NASA Blue Marble: Next Generation and others. Marble is free and open-source software (LGPL).
NASA World Wind, USGS topographic maps and several satellite and aerial image datasets, the first popular virtual globe along with Google Earth. World Wind is open-source software (NOSA).
NORC is a street view web service for Central and Eastern Europe.
OpenWebGlobe, a virtual globe SDK written in JavaScript using WebGL. OpenWebGlobe is free and open-source software (MIT).
WorldWide Telescope features an Earth mode with emphasis on data import/export, time-series support and a powerful tour authoring environment.
As well as the availability of satellite imagery, online public domain factual databases such as the CIA World Factbook have been incorporated into virtual globes.
History
The use of virtual globe software was widely popularized by (and may have been first described in) Neal Stephenson's famous science fiction novel Snow Crash. In the metaverse in Snow Crash, there is a piece of software called Earth made by the Central Intelligence Corporation (CIC). The CIC uses their virtual globe as a user interface for keeping track of all their geospatial data, including maps, architectural plans, weather data, and data from real-time satellite surveillance.
Virtual globes (along with all hypermedia and virtual reality software) are distant descendants of the Aspen Movie Map project, which pioneered the concept of using computers to simulate distant physical environments (though the Movie Map's scope was limited to the city of Aspen, Colorado).
Many of the functions of virtual globes were envisioned by Buckminster Fuller who in 1962 envisioned the creation of a Geoscope that would be a giant globe connected by computers to various databases. This would be used as an educational tool to display large scale global patterns related to topics such as economics, geology, natural resource use, etc.
See also
Digital Earth
Geovisualization
Geoweb
Macroscope (science concept)
Orbiter
Planetarium software
Science On a Sphere
Terragen
References
External links
VirtualGlobes@Benneten – screenshots of many virtual globes
Atlases
Map types
Virtual reality
Geodesy | wiki |
Sun-dried tomatoes are ripe tomatoes that lose most of their water content after spending a majority of their drying time in the sun. These tomatoes are usually pre-treated with sulfur dioxide or salt before being placed in the sun in order to improve colour and appearance. Typically, tomatoes spend 4–10 days in the sun in order for the sun-drying process to be complete. Cherry tomatoes will lose 88% of their initial (fresh) weight, while larger tomatoes can lose up to 93% during the process. As a result, it takes anywhere from 8 to 14 kilograms of fresh tomatoes to make a single kilogram of sun-dried tomatoes.
After the procedure, the tomato fruits will keep their nutritional value. The tomatoes are high in lycopene, antioxidants, and vitamin C. The final products may contain up to 2–6% of salt and could provide a significant contribution to the day's intake.
Sun-dried tomatoes can be used in a wide variety of recipes and come in a variety of shapes, colors, and types of tomato. Traditionally, they were made from dried red plum tomatoes, but they can be purchased in yellow varieties. Sun-dried tomatoes are also available in the form of pastes or purées.
Sun-dried tomatoes are often preserved in sunflower or olive oil, sometimes along with other ingredients such as capers and garlic or with a variety of herbs.
History
Tomatoes were originally salted and dried to preserve the fruit. Salting and evaporating the moisture out of tomatoes (as with most foods) significantly delays the process of decomposition. By drying ripe tomatoes, these foods could be enjoyed and provide valuable nutrition in the winter when it is difficult or impossible to grow fresh produce. The true origin of sun-dried tomatoes is unclear. Italians originally dried their tomatoes on their ceramic roof-tops in the summer sun. Sun-dried tomatoes surged in popularity in the United States in the late 1980s to early 1990s, where they were often found in antipasto, tapas, pasta dishes and salads, becoming a trend before losing popularity from overuse by the end of the 1990s.
See also
List of tomato dishes
References
Dried fruit
Tomato products | wiki |
Microsoft ION is Microsoft's self-sovereign identity system. It builds on the Bitcoin blockchain and IPFS through a Sidetree-based DID network.
References
External links
https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/identity-standards-blog/ion-we-have-liftoff/ba-p/1441555
Identity management systems | wiki |
ISO 9564 is an international standard for personal identification number (PIN) management and security in financial services.
The PIN is used to verify the identity of a customer (the user of a bank card) within an electronic funds transfer system, and (typically) to authorize the transfer or withdrawal of funds. Therefore, it is important to protect PINs against unauthorized disclosure or misuse. Modern banking systems require interoperability between a variety of PIN entry devices, smart cards, card readers, card issuers, acquiring banks and retailers – including transmission of PINs between those entities – so a common set of rules for handling and securing PINs is required, to ensure both technical compatibility and a mutually agreed level of security. ISO 9564 provides principles and techniques to meet these requirements.
ISO 9564 comprises three parts, under the general title of Financial services — Personal Identification Number (PIN) management and security.
Part 1: Basic principles and requirements for PINs in card-based systems
ISO 9564-1:2011 specifies the basic principles and techniques of secure PIN management. It includes both general principles and specific requirements.
Basic principles
The basic principles of PIN management include:
PIN management functions shall be implemented in software and hardware in such a way that the functionality cannot be modified without detection, and that the data cannot be obtained or misused.
Encrypting the same PIN with the same key but for a different bank account shall not predictably give the same cipher text.
Security of the PIN encryption shall depend on secrecy of the key, not secrecy of the algorithm.
The PIN must always be stored encrypted or physically secured.
Only the customer (i.e. the user of a card) and/or authorized card issuer staff shall be involved with PIN selection or issuing. Where card issuer staff are involved, appropriate strictly enforced procedures shall be used.
A stored encrypted PIN shall be protected from substitution.
A PIN shall be revoked if it is compromised, or suspected to be.
The card issuer shall be responsible for PIN verification.
The customer shall be advised of the importance of keeping the PIN secret.
PIN entry devices
The standard specifies some characteristics required or recommended of PIN entry devices (also known as PIN pads), i.e. the device into which the customer enters the PIN, including:
All PIN entry devices shall allow entry of the digits zero to nine. Numeric keys may also have letters printed on them, e.g. as per E.161. These letters are only for the customers' convenience; internally, the PIN entry device only handles digits. (E.g. the standard does not support multi-tap or similar.) The standard also recommends that customers should be warned that not all devices may have letters.
The PIN entry device shall be physically secured so that it is not feasible to modify its operation or extract PINs or encryption keys from it.
The PIN entry device should be designed or installed so as to prevent other people from observing the PIN as it is entered.
The keyboard layout should be standardized, with consistent and unambiguous labels for function keys, such as "enter", "clear" (this entry) and "cancel" (the transaction). The standard also recommends specific colours for function keys: green for "enter", yellow for "clear", red for "cancel".
Smart card readers
A PIN may be stored in a secure smart card, and verified offline by that card. The PIN entry device and the reader used for the card that will verify the PIN may be integrated into a single physically secure unit, but they do not need to be.
Additional requirements that apply to smart card readers include:
The card reader should be constructed in such a way as to prevent someone monitoring the communications to the card by inserting a monitoring device into the card slot.
If the PIN entry device and the card reader are not both part of an integrated secure unit, then the PIN shall be encrypted while it is transmitted from the PIN entry device to the card reader.
Other specific PIN control requirements
Other specific requirements include:
All hardware and software used for PIN processing shall be implemented such that:
Their correct functioning can be assured.
They cannot be modified or accessed without detection.
The data cannot be inappropriately accessed, modified or misused.
The PIN cannot be determined by a brute-force search.
The PIN shall not be communicated verbally. In particular bank personnel shall never ask the customer to disclose the PIN, nor recommend a PIN value.
PIN encryption keys should not be used for any other purpose.
PIN length
The standard specifies that PINs shall be from four to twelve digits long, noting that longer PINs are more secure but harder to use. It also suggests that the issuer should not assign PINs longer than six digits.
PIN selection
There are three accepted methods of selecting or generating a PIN:
assigned derived PIN The card issuer generates the PIN by applying some cryptographic function to the account number or other value associated with the customer.
assigned random PIN The card issuer generates a PIN value using a random number generator.
customer selected PIN The customer selects the PIN value.
PIN issuance and delivery
The standard includes requirements for keeping the PIN secret while transmitting it, after generation, from the issuer to the customer. These include:
The PIN is never available to the card issuing staff.
The PIN can only be displayed or printed for the customer in an appropriately secure manner. One method is a PIN mailer, an envelope designed so that it can be printed without the PIN being visible (even at printing time) until the envelope is opened. A PIN mailer must also be constructed so that any prior opening will be obvious to the customer, who will then be aware that the PIN may have been disclosed.
The PIN shall never appear where it can be associated with a customer's account. For example, a PIN mailer must not include the account number, but only sufficient information for its physical delivery (e.g. name and address). The PIN and the associated card shall not be mailed together, nor at the same time.
PIN encryption
To protect the PIN during transmission from the PIN entry device to the verifier, the standard requires that the PIN be encrypted, and specifies several formats that may be used. In each case, the PIN is encoded into a PIN block, which is then encrypted by an "approved algorithm", according to part 2 of the standard).
The PIN block formats are:
Format 0
The PIN block is constructed by XOR-ing two 64-bit fields: the plain text PIN field and the account number field, both of which comprise 16 four-bit nibbles.
The plain text PIN field is:
one nibble with the value of 0, which identifies this as a format 0 block
one nibble encoding the length N of the PIN
N nibbles, each encoding one PIN digit
14−N nibbles, each holding the "fill" value 15 (i.e. 11112)
The account number field is:
four nibbles with the value of zero
12 nibbles containing the right-most 12 digits of the primary account number (PAN), excluding the check digit
Format 1
This format should be used where no PAN is available. The PIN block is constructed by concatenating the PIN with a transaction number thus:
one nibble with the value of 1, which identifies this as a format 1 block
one nibble encoding the length N of the PIN
N nibbles, each encoding one PIN digit
14−N nibbles encoding a unique value, which may be a transaction sequence number, time stamp or random number
Format 2
Format 2 is for local use with off-line systems only, e.g. smart cards. The PIN block is constructed by concatenating the PIN with a filler value thus:
one nibble with the value of 2, which identifies this as a format 2 block
one nibble encoding the length N of the PIN
N nibbles, each encoding one PIN digit
14−N nibbles, each holding the "fill" value 15 (i.e. 11112)
(Except for the format value in the first nibble, this is identical to the plain text PIN field of format 0.)
Format 3
Format 3 is the same as format 0, except that the "fill" digits are random values from 10 to 15, and the first nibble (which identifies the block format) has the value 3.
Extended PIN blocks
Formats 0 to 3 are all suitable for use with the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm, as they correspond to its 64-bit block size. However the standard allows for other encryption algorithms with larger block sizes, e.g. the Advanced Encryption Standard has a block size of 128 bits. In such cases the PIN must be encoding into an extended PIN block, the format of which is defined in a 2015 amendment to ISO 9564-1.
Part 2: Approved algorithms for PIN encipherment
ISO 9564-2:2014 specifies which encryption algorithms may be used for encrypting PINs. The approved algorithms are:
Triple Data Encryption Algorithm
RSA;
Advanced Encryption Standard
Part 3 (withdrawn)
ISO 9564-3 Part 3: Requirements for offline PIN handling in ATM and POS systems, most recently published in 2003, was withdrawn in 2011 and its contents merged into part 1.
Part 4: Requirements for PIN handling in eCommerce for Payment Transactions
ISO 9564-4:2016 defines minimum security requirements and practices for the use of PINs and PIN entry devices in electronic commerce.
Notes
References
External links
Complete list of PIN-blocks, with examples
09564
Financial technology | wiki |
Results
Up to 105 kg (Men)
Up to 69 kg (Women)
58 kg (Women)
85 kg (Men)
94 kg (Men)
63 kg (Women)
56 kg (Men)
69 kg (Men)
48 kg (Women)
53 kg (Women)
77 kg (Men)
References
2003 in African sport
2003 in Asian sport
2003 in Indian sport | wiki |
Field artillery may refer to:
Field artillery, a category of mobile weapons supporting armies in the field
Field Artillery (magazine), a discontinued bimonthly magazine published from 1911 to 2007 by the U.S. Field Artillery Association
Field artillery team, a type of tactical organization in the U.S. Army
Royal Field Artillery, a branch of British Army artillery, from 1899 to 1924
United States Army Field Artillery Corps, a corps of the U.S. Army
U.S. Field Artillery March, song by John Philip Sousa | wiki |
This article lists magician characters depicted on film, both real and fictional.
Real-life magicians
Fictional magicians
See also
Magic (illusion)
List of magicians | wiki |
Anadoras is a genus of thorny catfishes native to tropical South America.
This genus has been assigned to the subfamily Astrodoradinae.
Species
There are currently four recognized species in this genus:
Anadoras grypus (Cope, 1872)
Anadoras insculptus (A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1912) (of uncertain affinities, may belong here or in Amblydoras)
Anadoras regani (Steindachner, 1908)
Anadoras weddellii (Castelnau, 1855)
References
Doradidae
Fish of South America
Fish of the Amazon basin
Taxa named by Carl H. Eigenmann
Freshwater fish genera | wiki |
Thuraya Al-Baqsami (born 1952) is a Kuwaiti artist and writer.
References
External links
Interview in Art Interview Online Magazine
1952 births
Living people
Kuwaiti women artists
Kuwaiti contemporary artists
Kuwaiti writers | wiki |
The power key, or power button, is a key found on many computer keyboards during the 1980s and into the early 2000s. They were introduced on the first Apple Desktop Bus keyboards in the 1980s and have been a standard feature of many Macintosh keyboards since then. They are also found on an increasing number of Microsoft Windows keyboards, sometimes supplanted with additional keys for sleep. The power key is becoming increasingly rare, as most modern personal computers using USB allow the system to be started up by pressing any key on the keyboard.
Mac
The Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) was introduced on the Apple IIGS in 1986. This peripheral bus was intended to connect low-speed input devices like keyboards and computer mice. Looking for a low-cost connector, the design team selected the 4-pin mini-DIN connector, which is also used for S-Video. ADB only used one data pin and +5V and ground, leaving one pin free. This was used to implement the PSW connection, used to turn on the machine. A separate connection was required as the keyboard controller of machines of this era was not powered when the machine was powered down.
Introduced along with the IIGS was the Apple Keyboard, which featured a rather large power key roughly centered above the main part of the keyboard. A power key became a standard feature of all ADB keyboards, notably the lauded Apple Extended Keyboard and its follow-ons. It began to become less common on later USB-based keyboards as these machines keep the keyboard powered when the machine is sleeping, so any key can act as a power key. Power keys remain on some modern Macs, including the MacBook Air, but most others have replaced it with an "eject" key, formerly used to open the now-non-existent CD drive.
Windows
Early Windows PCs generally lacked the ability to control power through software, and power keys were not physically possible. The increasing use of USB connections allowed these, but the ability to use any key for "power on" generally negated their need in most cases. Power keys did become relatively common on some multimedia keyboards, where they were known as power management keys.
Special keycodes are associated with these functions, e05e for Power, e05f for Sleep, and e063 Wake. These are supported in Microsoft Windows and various Unix-like systems.
References
Computer keys | wiki |
The United Kingdom is a hybrid unitary constitutional monarchy with parliamentary government. The national legislature is located in London, which also serves as the sole legislature in the region of England. As a result of devolution in the United Kingdom, the regions of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own autonomous legislatures. The Greater London urban area has the only local government legislature in the country.
National
Parliament of the United Kingdom, located at the Palace of Westminster in London
Scotland
Scottish Parliament, located in Holyrood, Edinburgh
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland Assembly, located at the Parliament Buildings in Belfast
Wales
Senedd Cymru, located at the Senedd building in Cardiff
Greater London
London Assembly, located in City Hall, London
See also
List of United States state legislatures
Legislative assemblies of Canadian provinces and territories
Parliaments of the Australian states and territories
United Kingdom
Legislatures | wiki |
A bidirectional current (BidC) is one which both charges and discharges at once. It is a current that flows primarily in one direction and then in the other.
Complicated systems which have integrated recharging capability sometimes resort to using bidirectional currents, as in Laptops or other systems. Monitoring of a bidirectional current is required for a laptop to report the battery level and charging status. Components are available for this purpose.
See also
Difference amplifier
References
Electric current | wiki |
Long may you run (album van The Stills-Young Band) (1976) muziekalbum van Neil Young
Long may you run (single van The Stills-Young Band) (1976 en 2003, live) single van Neil Young | wiki |
Miscellaneous electric loads (MELs) in buildings are electric loads resulting from a multitude of devices (electronic and other) excluding main systems for space heating, cooling, water heating, or lighting. MELs are produced by hard-wired and “plug-in” electrical devices that draw power, including office equipment such as desktop computers and monitors, mobile electronics (laptops, tablets, mobile phones, and their charging units), printers, fans, task lighting, and home equipment such as home entertainment centers, kitchen electronics (microwaves, toaster ovens, cooking accessories), bath items (hair dryers, lighted mirrors, and electric hot tubs), and other devices such as security systems and ceiling fans. MELs are gaining greater importance in energy management as personal electronics proliferate and become standard across demographic groups. MELs demand has been rising as a percentage of total energy end-use and is expected to continue rising.
Description
Miscellaneous electric load comes from the power used by a diverse collection of devices that include a wide array of electro-mechanical and electronic equipment that serve specific purposes within the building overall and for specific functions within the facility. Although each device may draw only a small amount of power, as more people use more personal powered devices at home, at work, and everywhere we go, MELs has disproportionately increased as a share of total electricity demand.
Domestic/Residential Facility MELs: Powered devices found in most single-family homes and multi-family residences include a multitude of small hand-held or tabletop units—for example toasters, televisions, laptops, tablets, and internet routers, and fish tanks; equipment with higher power draws, such as pool pumps, well pumps, home workshops, are present in fewer residential properties. On average, home entertainment equipment, including televisions, audio equipment, and computers, make up about half of the total MELs in a United States home. About 13 percent of MELs come from devices in standby mode.
Commercial/Institutional/Government Facility MELs: Powered devices frequently found in office buildings, cultural facilities (e.g. libraries, museums, entertainment venues), schools and higher education institutions, and hospitality venues are often similar to those found in homes but at greater size, scale and density.
Industrial/Culinary/Technical/Laboratory/Healthcare Facility MELs: Powered devices and equipment in a range of specialized facilities are exceptionally diverse and often underestimated or unmeasured.
In the United States and Europe, MELs comprise nearly one quarter of residential energy use, larger than either heating or cooling energy end-use. In Passive Haus and other low-energy houses, this percentage increases due to dramatic whole-house energy efficiency improvements while MELs remain largely unaltered.
MELs are known by other terms elsewhere in the world, e.g. as "Small Power" in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
Significance to zero-energy buildings
Reducing energy loads of main systems equipment providing heating, cooling and water heating can be achieved by upgrading physical equipment including replacing older equipment with newer, more energy-efficient units, upgrading the building envelope with insulation and higher-grade windows, creating more efficient zoning within heating/cooling air distribution ducts, and deployment of advanced operating technologies such as building automation systems (BAS) and building energy management systems (BEM). None of these options enable management or control of MELs. Thus, MELs have been a significant obstacle in the effort to create zero-energy buildings.
MELs are more difficult to quantify and manage due to their diversity, the limitations of conventional building energy metering, and the lack of energy management systems in the majority of existing building stock, especially older properties and small buildings.
It has been a generally accepted principle that, given these constraints, MELs could not be cost-effectively monitored or managed by means other than product selection decisions and occupant conservation methods. These include choosing more efficient electronics (for example, Energy Star appliances), using fewer electronic devices, managing standby power modes, and raising awareness of personal energy usage and energy peak cost periods to modify behavior.
However, recent advances in three technology areas is fostering next generation energy management solutions including a new pathway for cost-effective MELs monitoring and control solutions: 1) environmental and electrical sensor technologies, 2) cloud computing capacity and access to support AI and machine learning, and 3) wide acceptance of cloud-based software-as-a-service options by organizations of all types and sizes.
Energy feedback devices
One reason MELs are difficult to reduce is because the use of small electric devices are controlled directly by a building’s inhabitants. One way to reduce MELs is by the use of energy feedback devices which report real-time energy use to a house’s occupants. The use of these devices has been tested in numerous studies which suggest whole-house savings of 5%-15%.
With recent advances in technology, energy feedback devices can be purchased for less than $100. Feedback devices allow people to identify and reduce standby power and as well as cut back on unnecessary power draws. In addition, occupants can see the effects of running pool pumps/heaters, supplemental space heaters, air conditioners, etc.
Energy feedback devices can further assist zero energy buildings, where it is desirable to align electric loads with photovoltaic panel output.
See also
The Energy Detective
Energy Star
Plug load
References
Energy conservation
Low-energy building
Electric power | wiki |
William Laidlaw may refer to:
William Laidlaw (poet) (1780–1845), Scottish poet
William G. Laidlaw (1840–1908), American politician
William Laidlaw (cricketer) (1912–1992), Scottish cricketer
Bill Laidlaw (1914–1941), Scottish golfer | wiki |
Amaze may refer to:
Amaze (software), a digital accessibility technology
Amaze Entertainment, a video game development company
Honda Amaze, a car by Honda | wiki |
Big Boys Don't Cry may refer to:
Big Boys Don't Cry, a 2000 novella by Tom Kratman
"Big Boys Don't Cry", a song by Blue System from Walking on a Rainbow
"Big Boys Don't Cry", a song by Extreme from Extreme
Big Boys Don't Cry, a 2020 British film
See also
Boys Don't Cry (disambiguation)
Big Girls Don't Cry (disambiguation) | wiki |
Equipment most commonly refers to a set of tools or other objects commonly used to achieve a particular objective. Different jobs require different kinds of equipment.
Types of equipment
Types of equipment include:
See also
:Category:Equipment
References | wiki |
Sino-Korean relations or Relations between Korea and China mainly refers to:
Bilateral relations between China (the People's Republic of China) and South Korea (the Republic of Korea), whose official diplomatic relation has been established since 1992.
Bilateral relations between China (the People's Republic of China) and North Korea (the Democratic People's Republic of Korea), whose official diplomatic relation has been established since 1949.
It can also refer to:
Bilateral relations between Taiwan (the Republic of China) and South Korea (the Republic of Korea), whose official diplomatic relation has been severed since 1992.
Historical bilateral relations between Imperial China and the Kingdoms of the Korean Peninsula, prior to World War II. | wiki |
FASB Interpretations are published by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). They extend or explain existing standards (primarily published in Statements of Financial Accounting Standards). Interpretations are a part of the U.S. Generally accepted accounting principles (US GAAP). 48 interpretations have been published as of September 2006.
External links
U.S. Generally accepted accounting principles
Financial Accounting Standards Board
FASB Interpretations - Full Text, Summary, and Status
United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Financial Accounting Standards Board | wiki |
Amerikai Egyesült Államok
McAdam (Virginia)
McAdam (Washington)
Kanada
McAdam (Új-Brunswick)
McAdam vasútállomás, McAdam
Nevek
McAdam, családnév | wiki |
Photobacterium phosphoreum or Vibrio phosphoreum is a Gram-negative bioluminescent bacterium living in symbiosis with marine organisms, such as anglerfish. It can emit bluish-green light (490 nm) due to a chemical reaction between FMN, luciferin and molecular oxygen catalysed by an enzyme called luciferase.
External links
Piotr Madanecki's Website about Luminescent Bacteria
Isolation of P. phosphoreum Cultures from Seafish
Type strain of Photobacterium phosphoreum at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Vibrionales
Bioluminescent bacteria | wiki |
The pineapple is a tropical plant, and also refers to the edible fruit it bears.
Pineapple may also refer to:
Music
"Pineapple" (Ty Dolla Sign song), 2018
Pineapple (Karol G song), 2018
"Pineapple", a song by Jah Wobble from The Legend Lives On... Jah Wobble in "Betrayal", 1980
"Pineapple", a song by Karol G from Ocean, 2019
"Pineapple", a song by New World Sound, 2014
"Pineapple", a song by Sparks from Indiscreet, 1975
Other uses
The Pineapple, a folly building in Scotland
Pineapple grenade, nickname for the U.S. Mk 2 hand grenade
Pineapple, a 2008 film featuring Skye McCole Bartusiak
A community card variation of poker
A member of the Pi Alpha Phi fraternity
A nickname for the Our Gang character played by Eugene Jackson
See also
Anana (disambiguation)
Pine (disambiguation)
Apple (disambiguation) | wiki |
The chapters of the Japanese manga Fuuka, written and illustrated by Kōji Seo.
Volume list
References
Fuuka | wiki |
Wavyleaf may refer to:
Wavyleaf basketgrass, an extremely invasive grass
Wavyleaf Indian paintbrush, a parasitic plant
Wavyleaf sea-lavender, a herbaceous perennial plant
Wavyleaf silktassel, a common evergreen shrub | wiki |
El NWA Florida X Division Championship o Campeonato de la División X de Florida de la NWA es un título defendido en Championship Wrestling from Florida territorio de desarrollo de la National Wrestling Alliance.
Lista de campeones
Referencias
Véase también
National Wrestling Alliance
Campeonatos de la NWA | wiki |
Maestro is a board game published in 1989 by Hans im Glück.
Contents
Maestro is a game in which a player must fill ten orchestras of varying size with musicians from the player's theatrical agency.
Reception
Brian Walker reviewed Maestro for Games International magazine, and gave it 3 1/2 stars out of 5, and stated that "We found the game to be fun to play and quite skilful, though not something you'd want to spend all night over."
References
Board games introduced in 1989
Hans im Glück games | wiki |
The 1979 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship was the 16th staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964.
Roscommon entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated in the Connacht Championship.
On 23 September 1979, Down won the championship following a 1-9 to 0-7 defeat of Cork in the All-Ireland final. This was their first All-Ireland title.
The final was refereed by Gerry Mc Cabe from Clonoe in Co Tyrone
Results
All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship
Semi-finals
Final
Statistics
Miscellaneous
The All-Ireland semi-final between Cork and Offaly is the first ever championship meeting between the two teams.
The All-Ireland final between Cork and Down is the first ever championship meeting between the two teams.
References
1979
All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship | wiki |
Deadly earthquakes may refer to:
List of deadly earthquakes since 1900
List of natural disasters by death toll#Earthquakes
Lists of earthquakes#Deadliest earthquakes (by year) | wiki |
Amphimasoreus is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. This genus has a single species, Amphimasoreus amaroides. It is found in Israel, Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey.
References
Platyninae | wiki |
The Castleford Male Voice Choir (CMVC) is a male voice choir based in Castleford, West Yorkshire, England. The choir was established in 1926.
The choir has recorded LPs. It has appeared on the BBC television programme The One Show. It has toured nationally and internationally, for example to Salzburg in Austria where it appeared with the Salzburg Singers. The choir undertakes joint concerts as well as appearing on its own.
The Castleford MVC meets weekly at the Trinity Methodist Church Hall in Castleford.
Discography
Recordings include:
Golden Jubilee (1975)
Yorkshire Mixture (1978) – with the Queensbury Music Centre Band
With A Voice Of Singing (2001)
References
External links
Castleford Male Voice Choir website
Castleford Male Voice Choir on YouTube
1926 establishments in England
Musical groups established in 1926
Boys' and men's choirs
Yorkshire choirs
Musical groups from West Yorkshire
Castleford | wiki |
The Sheriffs Are Coming is a British television fly on the wall documentary series, broadcast on BBC One, that follows the work of High Court Enforcement Officers (HCEOs) from Frank G Whitworth, High Court Enforcement. The initial idea for the series came after a ten-minute feature on HCEOs on the BBC One show Inside Out South West in 2011. The first series, containing ten episodes, commenced on 19 March 2012 and nine Series have been broadcast to date. As well as eight daytime series, six hour-long prime time series have been broadcast, compiling footage from episodes from the parent series. On 5 February 2014, The Sheriffs Are Coming was announced as the winner of the Best Daytime Programme at the Broadcast Awards 2014.
Basis
High Court enforcement officers (HCEOs) act under High Court writs and they operate within England and Wales. County Court judgements and awards with a value of £600 and above made in the County Court can be transferred to the High Court for enforcement for a court fee of £66. If enforcement is successful, the court fee is recoverable from the judgement debtor, along with the original debt, judgement interest and enforcement costs. If unsuccessful, all the claimant pays is a £75 plus VAT compliance stage fee (referred to as an admin fee in the programme). In the case of Employment Tribunal and Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS) awards, there is no minimum value before a claimant can use an HCEO.
HCEOs can enforce County Court judgements when the claimant has instructed them to transfer the judgement to the High Court making it a writ. Judgements can include Employment Tribunal awards, ACAS settlements and foreign judgements where the judgement debtor is based in England or Wales. Part 3 of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 was implemented in April 2014. The new regulations include a requirement to send a seven-day notice of enforcement to judgement debtors, an increase in the time delay between seizure and sale and how peaceable entry may be effected. There has also been reform of fees charged by HCEOs.
Broadcast
The first series began on 19 March 2012 with a team of Sheriffs from The Sheriffs Office, containing a total of ten episodes. A second series continuing with a team from The Sheriffs Office, contained fifteen episodes which aired daily (on weekdays) from 14 January to 1 February 2013 at 11:00am. Following their broadcast, each episode would be repeated the following morning at 7:00am on BBC Two. The first prime-time series broadcast during the Summer of 2013. A total of four episodes, containing highlights from the first and second series, broadcast at 7:00pm between 22 and 31 July, being shown on both Mondays and Wednesdays. The third series, again reducing to ten episodes, aired daily (on weekdays) from 13 to 24 January 2014. Once again, each episode would be repeated the following morning at 7:00am on BBC Two.
A second prime-time series followed in Summer 2014, containing highlights from Series 3. Again, four episodes broadcast at 7:00pm between 4 and 14 August, again being shown on Mondays and Wednesdays. A fourth series with The Sheriffs Office, containing just five episodes, the shortest of any series yet, aired daily between 16 and 20 March 2015. This was followed by the first series of the half-hour reversions, containing highlights from the first three series. These aired daily (on weekdays) from 23 March to 17 April 2015. A third prime-time series following in Summer 2015, containing highlights from Series 4. Three episodes broadcast weekly at 7:00pm on Wednesday evenings from 22 July 2015. The fifth series, again increasing to ten episodes and with a team of Sheriffs from The Sheriffs Office, aired daily from 11 to 24 April 2016. Again, each episode was repeated the following day at 6:45am on BBC Two.
The second series of half-hour reversions aired from 17 to 27 October 2016. The fourth prime-time series followed in January 2017, containing six episodes. These were broadcast weekly from 4 January to 8 February 2017, airing at 8:00pm on Wednesdays. The sixth series aired daily (on weekdays) from 3 to 14 April 2017, again at 11:00am. Again, each episode was repeated the next morning at 6:30am on BBC Two. The fifth prime-time series followed in July 2017, containing just three episodes. These were broadcast from 13 July to 23 August, again at 8:00pm on Wednesdays. The third series of half-hour reversions, containing highlights from the sixth series, aired daily (on weekdays) from 20 November to 1 December 2017. The seventh series, which commenced filming in October, aired on BBC One from 12 March 2018.
The ninth series aired with a new team of Enforcement Agents from Frank G Whitworth, High Court Enforcement who form part of Enforcement Bailiffs Ltd on 31 May 2021. Ten 45-minute episodes were shown on BBC One every weekday at 11:00am until the final episode of the series aired on Friday 11 June 2021.
Transmissions
Main series
Hour long reversions
Half hour reversions
Cast
Current cast
Ben Dirom
Grant Bailey-Rodriguez
James King
Luke Peacock
Mark King
Myles Whitworth
Former cast
Lawrence Grix
Kevin Kev McNally
Tommy Coyle
Gerald Anderson
Robert Foster
Jess Paton
Jamie Wykes
Mike Perkins
Jon Farley
Adam Crossley
Tracey Lee
Billy Evans
Andrew "Andy" Joryeff
Adrian "Ady" Long
Dave Steele
Craig Wild
Ken Warby
Alan Pennington
Chris Pearson
Marc Newton
Tony Smith
Daryll Oreton
Mark Povey
Pete Spencer
Dave Crabtree
Dave Woodcock
Steve Hockborn
See also
Can't Pay? We'll Take It Away!
References
External links
Sheriffs are Coming High Court Enforcement Officer & Bailiff Services | The Sheriffs are coming
The Sheriffs Are Coming (IMDB)
2012 British television series debuts
BBC television documentaries
Television shows set in London | wiki |
Melancholia was one of the four temperaments in proto-psychology and pre-modern medicine, representing a state of low mood.
Melancholia may also refer to:
Depression (mood), a state of low mood also known as "melancholia"
Major depressive disorder, a mood disorder historically called "melancholia"
Involutional melancholia, a traditional name for a psychiatric disorder affecting mainly elderly or late middle-aged people that is no longer in use
Film and television
Melancholia, a 1989 British-German film by Andi Engel, starring Jeroen Krabbé
Melancholia (2008 film), a Philippine film by Lav Diaz
Melancholia (2011 film), an English-language film by Lars von Trier
Melancholia (TV series), a 2021 South Korean thriller TV series
Other uses
"Melancholia", a musical composition by Duke Ellington that first appeared on the album The Duke Plays Ellington
5708 Melancholia, an asteroid
Melencolia I, an engraving by Albrecht Dürer
Melancholy (novel) or Melancholia I, a 1995 novel by Jon Fosse
Melancholy II or Melancholia II, a 1996 novella by Jon Fosse
Melancholia (painting), a painting by Lucas Cranach the Elder
See also
Melancholy (disambiguation)
La Malinconia (disambiguation) | wiki |
In law, a commercial code is a codification of private law relating to merchants, trade, business entities (especially companies), commercial contracts and other matters such as negotiable instruments.
Many civil law legal systems have codifications of commercial law.
See also
Civil code
Civil law (legal system)
Commercial law
References
Civil law (legal system) | wiki |
Curry chicken noodle usually uses curry as soup base coupled with yellow noodles.
The dish contains chicken meat and tau pok. Curry plays an important part in this dish. Usually a more watery curry base is preferred so that the noodles are not hard to swallow.
East Asian curries
Japanese cuisine
Curry dishes | wiki |
The New England hurricane may refer to:
1815 New England hurricane
1938 New England hurricane
1940 New England hurricane
List of New England hurricanes | wiki |
Rainha is a Brazilian sports equipment manufacturing company based in São Paulo.
History
It began in 1934 when the Saad & Cia company, using a new process in the Brazilian manufacturing market with sterilization technology, launched sports shoes on the market. In the following decades the brand, widely recognized by a "torch" in its logo. In 1978, Alpargatas S.A. purchases the brand.
In the early 1980s the brand gains scale and distribution with its iconic Mont Car, Iate, Bullit and VL 2500 models. Rainha stops being just an elite item and becomes a high-volume brand, choosing sports as its platform. It is the first sports brand to sign a sponsorship contract with Pirelli Santo André. In 1983, it becomes the sponsor of The Great Volleyball Challenge - Brazil vs. USSR, a friendly match between Brazil vs. USSR, at Maracanã Stadium.
In 2015 it becomes part of the BR Sports holding company, which is part of the Sforza Group, whose president is Carlos Wizard Martins.
Past sponsorships
Football
National Teams
Paraguay (1984-86)
Clubs teams
Londrina
Atlético Mineiro (1981–1982)
Náutico
Taubaté
Volleyball
National Teams
Brazil
Clubs teams
Minas
Pirelli Santo André
References
External links
Brazilian brands
Sportswear brands
Clothing companies established in 1934
Sporting goods manufacturers of Brazil
Clothing companies of Brazil
Manufacturing companies based in São Paulo | wiki |
Chi-X may refer to:
Chi-X Global, an operator of exchanges for trading equities
BATS Chi-X Europe, a London-based equity exchange | wiki |
CPAC may refer to:
Conferences
Conservative Political Action Conference, an annual gathering of conservative activists in the United States, and/or associated activities in other countries
Castle Point Anime Convention, an annual anime convention held in Hoboken, New Jersey, U.S.
Organizations
Carpenter Performing Arts Center, at California State University, Long Beach, U.S.
Casula Powerhouse Arts Centre, Sydney, Australia
Central Plains Athletic Conference, former name of the Manitoba Colleges Athletic Conference, Canada
Colorado Photographic Arts Center, in Denver, Colorado, U.S.
Community Police Accountability Council, watchdog organization in Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
CPAC, Inc., former parent company of the Fuller Brush Company
CPAC (TV channel) (Cable Public Affairs Channel), a Canadian specialty television channel
Schools
Central Philippine Adventist College, educational institution in the Philippines | wiki |
Msisi may refer to:
Msisi (Dodoma Rural region), a Tanzanian ward in Dodoma Rural district
Msisi (Singida Rural ward), a Tanzanian ward in Singida Rural district | wiki |
Kindle may refer to:
Companies and products
Amazon Kindle, an e-reader line by Amazon.com
Kindle Direct Publishing, an e-book publishing platform by Amazon
Kindle Store, an online e-book e-commerce store by Amazon
Kindle Banking Systems, a company that produced banking software
Kindle Entertainment, a children's television production company based in London, England
Other uses
Kindle (surname)
Generation Kindle, authors who publish their works digitally through Kindle Direct Publishing
Kindle County, a fictional US county in novels by Scott Turow
Kris Kindle or Secret Santa, a Western Christmas tradition
See also
Amazon Fire, formerly known as Kindle Fire, a tablet line by Amazon
Kindling (disambiguation) | wiki |
A crime forum is a generic term for an Internet forum specialising in computer crime and Internet fraud activities such as hacking, identity theft, phishing, pharming, malware or spamming.
During the early days of the Internet, public dial up BBSes would serve to put miscreants in touch with one another to share tips of credit card fraud, hacking and other illicit services.
By the 2000s and the rise of the modern internet, modern internet forum software was preferred, with private invite-only sites being the most long lived. Sites like ShadowCrew, counterfeitlibrary.com and the Russian language carderplanet.com would specialise in various illegal activities before each eventually succumbing to law enforcement action.
By 2015, notorious forums such as Darkode would be infiltrated and dismantled prior to returning with increased security.
As of July 2015, there are estimated to be several hundred such forums.
See also
Carding (fraud)
Darknet market
Hacker (computer security)
Hacker group
Operation Shrouded Horizon
Nulled
References
Cybercrime
Internet forums
Internet fraud
Crime forums
Dark web | wiki |
This is a list of civil parishes in the County of London, excluding the City of London, on the night of the United Kingdom census, 1891. The total population of this area was 4,194,413.
There were 196 civil parishes in the county at large on this date, of which 80 were entirely outside the City, 112 were entirely within the City, and four were partly within the City.
Notes
References
1891 United Kingdom census
1891 in London
Civil parishes 1801
County of London | wiki |
Women's Artistic Gymnasts are women who participate in the sport of gymnastics, specifically artistic gymnastics. Women first competed in Gymnastics at the Summer Olympics in 1928. This list is of those who are considered to be notable in women's artistic gymnastics. See gymnasium (ancient Greece) for the origin of the word gymnast from gymnastikos.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
L
M
N
P
R
S
U
See also
List of gymnasts
International Gymnastics Hall of Fame
List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (women)
List of current female artistic gymnasts
Notes
References
Gymnastics-related lists
Women's Artistic | wiki |
The Good Fight is a 2017 American legal drama television series.
The Good Fight or Good Fight may also refer to:
Film and television
The Good Fight, the 1983 documentary film about the Spanish Civil War
The Good Fight, a 1992 TV film directed by John David Coles
"The Good Fight", a 2002 TV episode of Sex and the City
"Ka Hakaka Maikaʻi" (Hawaiian: ), a 2011 episode of Hawaii Five-0
Literature
The Good Fight, a 1946 autobiography by Manuel L. Quezon
The Good Fight, a 1973 poetry collection by Thomas Kinsella
The Good Fight, a 1975 memoir by Louis Waldman
The Good Fight, a 2006 book by Peter Beinart
Music
Albums
The Good Fight (Bizzle album), 2013
The Good Fight (Oddisee album), 2015
The Good Fight, a 2015 album by Cory Morrow
The Good Fight, a 2014 EP by The Exchange
The Good Fight, a 2007 album by Johnny Panic
Songs
"The Good Fight", a song by Jimmy Buffett from the 1981 album Coconut Telegraph
"The Good Fight", a song by Dashboard Confessional from the 2001 album The Places You Have Come to Fear the Most
"The Good Fight", a song by Brant Bjork from the 2004 album Local Angel
"The Good Fight", a song by Phonte from the 2011 album Charity Starts at Home
Other uses
Good Fight Entertainment, a business conglomerate
See also
A Good Fight, an American rock band
"Fight the Good Fight", a Christian hymn
New Testament military metaphors | wiki |
Men's Artistic Gymnasts are men who participate in the sport of gymnastics, specifically artistic gymnastics. Men first competed in Gymnastics at the Summer Olympics in 1896. This list is of those who are considered to be notable in men's artistic gymnastics. See gymnasium (ancient Greece) for the origin of the word gymnast from gymnastikos.
A
B
C
E
F
G
H
I
J
L
Luxembourg
Mathias Logelin, two-time Olympian (1928, 1936), and medalist at the 1934 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships.
M
N
R
S
U
See also
List of gymnasts
International Gymnastics Hall of Fame
List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (men)
Notes
References
Gymnastics-related lists
Men's Artistic | wiki |
A travelling salesman is a travelling door-to-door seller of goods, also known as a peddler.
Travelling salesman may also refer to:
Travelling salesman problem, in discrete or combinatorial optimization
The Traveling Salesman, a 1908 play by James Forbes
The Traveling Salesman (1916 film), a silent film based on the play by Forbes
The Traveling Salesman (1921 film), a silent film based on the play by Forbes
Travelling Salesman (2012 film), a intellectual thriller
"Traveling Salesmen", the twelfth episode of the third season of the US version of The Office
See also
Death of a Salesman, a 1949 play by Arthur Miller about a traveling salesman
pt: Caixeiro-viajante | wiki |
Glasgow distillery is a Scotch whisky, gin and rum distillery in Glasgow, Scotland. In 2020, the distillery was named distillery of the year at the Scottish Whisky Awards. Glasgow distillery was the first active distillery in greater Glasgow since 1902 (note that Clydeside distillery later began production in the city centre in 2017).
Location
The distillery is located in Hillington in south-western Glasgow. The distillery is near the M8 motorway.
The distillery also has an office and tour facility on West George Street in Glasgow city centre.
History
The distillery was formed with funding from private investors under the direction of founders Liam Hughes, Mike Hayward and Ian MacDougall in 2012. Production commenced on 20 March 2015.
In 2020, the distillery received a £5.5m loan to enable it to expand.
Facilities
The distillery has a specially built laboratory for experimenting with new make spirit and different wood casks.
The distillery production stills are named after sisters Frances and Margaret MacDonald who were both Scottish artists and part of the Glasgow Girls, a group of female designers and artists associated with the Glasgow School. The stills have the capacity to produce 440,000 litres a year (equivalent to 1 million bottles) of whisky.
The distillery offers joint tours with Tennents Brewery.
Products
The distillery produces a Lowland style single malt using water from Loch Katrine in the nearby Trossachs area. The first single malt from the distillery was released in 2018. One of the core bottlings from the distillery is named the 1770 Glasgow Single Malt in reference to Glasgow's first distillery in Dundashill (built 1770 now defunct).
The distillery produces a gin Makar Glasgow Gin.
In 2019, the distillery launched a special edition spiced rum, named after 18th and 19th century drinkers.
References
Distilleries in Scotland
Scottish malt whisky
Gins
Buildings and structures in Glasgow | wiki |
In the 1990s, the Belgium national football team played at all three World Cups, but missed out on Euro 1992 and Euro 1996. They also appeared at three minor tournaments.
The overall match balance is positive with 36 wins versus 30 losses (and 23 draws).
Results
89 matches played:
* Friendly tournament; in 1998 Belgium participated at the King Hassan II Tournament, in February 1999 at the Cyprus Tournament and in May and June 1999 at the Kirin Cup.
References
External links
football
1990s
1990–91 in Belgian football | wiki |
The Spanish handball league is divided into divisions. The top teams play in the Liga ASOBAL. In each division, a team plays all other teams twice, once at home and once away.
The Spanish league teams compete in Europe under the European Handball Federation, most notably in the EHF Champions League. The teams also compete in a domestic cup competition each year, called the Copa del Rey. The winners of the Liga ASOBAL play the winners of the Copa del Rey in the Supercopa ASOBAL (Super Cup).
Current hierarchical divisional breakdowns
División de Honor (16 teams)
División de Plata (16 teams)
List of handball clubs in Spain
For a list of teams, see List of handball clubs in Spain
The Spain men's national handball team represents the whole country, who has won two World Championships.
Current female hierarchical divisional breakdowns
División de Honor Femenina (14 teams)
For a list of teams, see List of handball clubs in Spain
The Spain national women's handball team represents the whole country.
Others Competitions
Copa del Rey de Balonmano
Copa de la Reina de Balonmano
Supercopa ASOBAL
Copa ASOBAL
External links
Liga ASOBAL Official Website
División de Honor Femenina Official Website
Royal Spanish Handball Federation Official Website
Spanish Handball "balonmano" Community
Document for handball trainers | wiki |
Psyche Abandoned may refer to:
Psyche Abandoned (painting)
Psyche Abandoned (sculpture) | wiki |
Albert Kai-Wing Ng, (; born 1950 in Hong Kong) is a prominent graphic designer who lives and works in the Greater Toronto Area in Ontario, Canada. He is known as the "Father of Canadian graphic design accreditation" and is currently an adjunct professor at York University.
Albert Ng was born and educated in Hong Kong and emigrated to Canada in 1974. He was a past president of the Ontario chapter of the Society of Graphic Designers of Canada, the founding president of the Association of Registered Graphic Designers, and a vice-president of Icograda during the 1995–1997 term.
His notable commissions include the Mississauga Chinese Centre stamp in 2013 and other stamp designs for Canada Post.
Albert Ng is the second graphic designer to be inducted into the Order of Ontario.
Honours
2008 – listed in Canadian Who's Who 2008
2007 (December) – Order of Ontario
2006 - Fellow, The Association of Registered Graphic Designers of Ontario
2005 - Chinese Canadian Legend Award
1996 - Fellow, The Society of Graphic Designers of Canada
References
Canadian graphic designers
1950 births
Living people
Members of the Order of Ontario
Academic staff of York University | wiki |
Josh Edmondson may refer to:
Josh Edmondson (cyclist)
Josh Edmondson (songwriter) | wiki |
This is a list of video games for the Nintendo DS and Wii published under the Touch! Generations brand.
Games for Nintendo DS
The video games published under the Touch! Generations brand for the Nintendo DS vary between countries. Organized alphabetically by title:
Games for Wii
The video games published under the Touch! Generations brand for the Wii vary between countries. Organized alphabetically by title:
Notes
References
Nintendo-related lists
!List of Touch! Generations titles | wiki |
En mathématiques, le terme groupoïde peut désigner des concepts distincts :
synonyme de magma, un groupoïde est une structure algébrique ;
un groupoïde est un cas particulier de catégorie qui apparaît en particulier en topologie algébrique.
Structure algébrique
Théorie des catégories | wiki |
Milagros ("miracles" in Spanish) may refer to:
Milagros, Masbate, Philippines, a first-class municipality
Milagros, Province of Burgos, a municipality in Castile and León, Spain.
Milagros (given name)
Fernando Milagros (born 1980), Chilean pop rock singer and songwriter
Milagros (album), a 2001 studio album by American singer Myra
Milagros (film), a 1997 film
Milagros (telenovela), a 2001 Peruvian telenovela
Milagros: Girl from Away, a 2008 book by Meg Medina
See also
Acueducto de los Milagros, an ancient Roman aqueduct bridge in Spain
Milagro (disambiguation) | wiki |
A Parisian Affair () is a short story by Guy de Maupassant, first published in French in 1881, and published in English as a collection of short stories, by Penguin Classics in 2004. It was republished by Pocket Penguins in 2016.
References
External links
1881 short stories
Short stories by Guy de Maupassant | wiki |
"Deez nuts" or deez nutz is a euphemism and slang term for testicles.
Deez Nuts may also refer to:
Deez Nuts (band), Australian hardcore punk band
Deez Nuts (satirist) (born Brady C. Olson, 1999/2000), satirical candidate for the 2016 United States presidential election
"Deez Nuts", a song by A.L.T. from the 1993 album Stone Cold World
"Deez Nuts", a song by Mr. Serv-On from the 2001 album Take a Sip
Other uses
"Deeez Nuuuts", a song by Dr. Dre from the 1992 album The Chronic
See also | wiki |
The common name leaf cactus (plural leaf cacti) refers to any of the following genera in the family Cactaceae:
Epiphyllum, a genus of epiphytic cacti
Pereskia, a genus with very primitive elements including well developed leaves
Pereskiopsis | wiki |
"Do You Love What You Feel" is a soul/disco song by Rufus and Chaka.
Background
"Do You Love What You Feel" was released in late 1979 from the Quincy Jones produced album, Masterjam.
Charts
"Do You Love What You Feel" spent three weeks at the top of the Hot Soul Singles chart, becoming the fourth of five songs that they would send to the top of that chart; it was the final single to top that chart during the 1970s. It also peaked at number thirty on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. Along with the track, "Any Love", "Do You Love What You Feel" peaked at number five on the disco charts.
Chart positions
References
1979 singles
Chaka Khan songs
Disco songs
Song recordings produced by Quincy Jones
Songs written by Hawk Wolinski
1979 songs
MCA Records singles | wiki |
Directorate for Science and Technology may refer to:
Central Intelligence Agency Directorate of Science & Technology
DHS Directorate for Science and Technology
See also
Department of Science and Technology (disambiguation) | wiki |
Caroline Laforge (born 28 April 1991) is a retired Belgian volleyball player. She last played as outside hitter for Belgian club VC Lessines. Caroline is the sister of former Belgium women's national volleyball team member and Dauphines Charleroi setter Celine Laforge.
References
External links
Caroline Laforge at CEV.eu
1991 births
Living people
Belgian women's volleyball players
21st-century Belgian women | wiki |
Traditional sub-Saharan African harmony is a music theory of harmony in sub-Saharan African music based on the principles of homophonic parallelism (chords based around a leading melody that follow its rhythm and contour), homophonic polyphony (independent parts moving together), counter-melody (secondary melody) and ostinato-variation (variations based on a repeated theme). Polyphony (contrapuntal and ostinato variation) is common in African music and heterophony (the voices move at different times) is a common technique as well. Although these principles of traditional (precolonial and pre-Arab) African music are of Pan-African validity, the degree to which they are used in one area over another (or in the same community) varies. Specific techniques that used to generate harmony in Africa are the "span process", "pedal notes" (a held note, typically in the bass, around which other parts move), "rhythmic harmony", "harmony by imitation", and "scalar clusters" (see below for explanation of these terms).
General overview
"By Western standards, African music is characteristically complex...Two or more events tend to occur simultaneously within a musical context. Even players of simple solo instruments (such as the musical bow or the flute) manage to manipulate the instrument in such a way to produce simultaneous sounds by playing overtones with the bow, by humming while bowing, and the like...Overlapping choral antiphony and responsorial singing are principal types of African polyphony. Various combinations of ostinato and drone-ostinato, polymelody (mainly two-part), and parallel intervals are additional polyphonic techniques frequently employed. Several types may intermingle within one vocal or instrumental piece, with the resulting choral or orchestral tendency being the stacking of parts or voices. Consequently three- or four-part density is not an uncommon African musical feature. Such densities are constantly fluctuating so that continuous triads throughout an entire piece are uncommon. Canonic imitation may occur in responsorial or antiphonal sections of African music as a result of the repetition of the first phrase or the introduction of new melodic material in the form of a refrain. The latter may involve a contrasting section or a completion of the original melody." —Karlton E. Hester
Chordal relationships that occur as a result of the polyphony, homophonic parallelism and homophonic polyphony found in African music are not always 'functional' in the western musical sense. However, they accomplish the balance of tension-release and dissonance-consonance. In addition, they form varieties of chord combinations and clusters, as well as varying levels of harmonic patterning.
Scales
Chords are constructed from scales. Pentatonic and hexatonic scales are very common scales across Africa. Nonetheless, heptatonic scales can be found in abundance. Anhemitonic scales, equal heptatonic scales, and scales based on the selected use of partials are used in Africa as well. The same community that may use one set of instruments tuned to a certain scale (i.e. pentatonic), can use a different scale for a different set of instruments, or song type (i.e. heptatonic) (Gerhard Kubik)
In traditional African music, scales are practised and thought of as descending from top to bottom. African harmony is based on the scales being employed in a particular musical setting. Scales have a profound impact on the harmony because Africans modalize their music. Modalization is the process of applying modal concepts in a non-modal setting. African music uses recurring harmonic reference points as a means of musical organization. Therefore, African music is not modal or purely based on one mode. Nonetheless modal concepts are employed in African music. This predates exposure to Western and Arab musics.
Principles
Homophonic parallelism and homophonic polyphony
Homophonic parallelism is the harmonizing of a single melody, or subordinate melody and moving with it in parallel. This means the notes that harmonize the melody follow its characteristic shape and rhythm. This type of parallelism is common to all African peoples, but the degree to which it is employed varies. It is important to note that parallelism in thirds (inversely tenths), fourths, fifths, and octaves (inversely unison) are Pan-African methods of homophonic parallel harmonization. These intervals are interchanged depending on the melody they are accompanying and the scale source of the harmonization.
Homophonic polyphony occurs when two different melodies are harmonized in the style of homophonic parallelism, and either (1) occur simultaneously by means of overlapping antiphony or (2) over at the simultaneously as a result of melodic counterpoint.
This parallelism is not to be confused with strict parallelism. Gerhard Kubik states that much variation and freedom is permitted in parallel parts, with the stipulation that words remain intelligible (or in the case of instruments the melody remains recognizable), and the scalar source is observed. The harmonic line harmonized normally moves by step rarely jumping beyond a fourth.
"A.M. Jones states that 'generally speaking all over the continent south of the Sahara, African harmony is in organum and is sung either in parallel fourths, parallel fifths, parallel octaves or parallel thirds.' Parallelism, however, is not without limitations. Melodic and scale considerations, as has been shown, are of primary importance in deciding what notes are employed in harmonizing tunes and, consequently, what intervals are formed. The adaptation of parallelism to fit melodic requirements is much more apparent in the music of those areas of Africa where the pentatonic scale is the norm. Kirby has shown how the demands of a pentatonic scale result in the employment of sixths in Bantu polyphony, where parallelism in fifths is the principle. He points out that the limitations of the pentatonic scale make for the awareness of other intervals instead of what apparently was the strict duplication of the melody at the same interval employed by early European musicians."—Lazarus Ekweme
Secondary melody
The harmonization of a subordinate melody – be it responsorial or with regular repetitions within the cycle – is often based on a counter melody or secondary melody. From this melody the span process, pedal notes and other techniques can be used to for the harmony supporting the main melody.
Gerhard Kubik notes "In the Ijesha multipart singing style the basic chorus phrase, to which harmonically parallel lines may be added above and below, is the one in the middle, standing at the same pitch level with the leader's phrase...The basic chorus line is the one with which the chorus member singing alone would invariably link 'in unison' with the leader's phrase. as other chorus members join in, more voices are then added above and below in intervals perceived as consonant. These additional voices are essentially euphoric in concept; they are equivalent to a basic one, but are only collaterally dependent on the voice of the leader".
Lazarus Ekweme quotes J. H. Kwabena Nketia saying "In chorus response, there is primacy in the sense that one line is regarded as the basic melody. But the supporting line, by virtue of its running parallel to it, shares its characteristic progressions and is accordingly treated as a secondary melody. Indeed, when a cantor has to sing the chorus response, he may have the freedom of singing either of the two or of moving from one section to the other."
Secondary melody in this case refers to the voice harmonizing the chorus response. However, the chorus response is the secondary melody, which is harmonized. The harmonizing parts can vary just as the chorus response (or secondary melody) may vary. The added harmony part embellishes its own line as an independent melody, instead of following rigidly the intervocalic distance from the main chorus line in parallel movement.
The underlying concept is to create a melody and then a responsoral secondary melody. This secondary melodic line or phrase is then harmonized in parallel motion. The harmonic line harmonized normally moves by step rarely jumping beyond a fourth.
Ostinato-variation
Musical instruments in traditional African music often serve as a modal and/or rhythmic support for vocal music. Instrumental Music can also be heard frequently without vocal music and to a lesser extent solo. Harmony produced through ostinato produced on instruments is common place. These ostinati can be varied, or embellished, but otherwise provide modal support. Ostinato used in African music is a principal means of polyphony although other procedures for producing polyphony exist. Arom Simha states "music in the Central African Republic, regardless of the kind of polyphony or polyrhythm that is practiced, always involves the principle of ostinato with variations."
The principle of ostinato with variations is significant to African music and its polyphonic nature as most forms of traditional African polyphony are based on this principle. Simha continues "If one had to describe in a formula all the polyphonic and polyrhythmic procedures
used in the Central African Republic, one might define them as ostinato (ostinati) with variations." The ostinato is normally used to create a modal pattern or background.
Arom Simha continues "This definition does not conflict with Western musicological definitions of the term. Thus Riemann defines ostinato as 'a technical term that describes the continual return of a theme surrounded by ever changing counterpoint [...] The great masters of the age of polyphony loved to write a whole mass or long motets on a single phrase constantly repeated by the tenor. But the repetitions are not always identical, and the little theme would appear in all sorts of modified forms' (Riemann 1931:953)."
Many African musics correspond exactly to this definition and are musical pieces based on a phrase, which reappears in varied and modified forms. These ostinato can be continuous or intermittent, vocal or instrumental, and may appear above or below the main line. Frequently in African music two or more ostinatos moving contrapuntally are employed, with or without a longer melodic line to create an orchestral texture (dense textures are desired and aimed for by both composers and performers alike). This type of polyphony is of the contrapuntal or horizontal type. In practice each ostinato moves in independent melodic and rhythmic patterns.
Cadences and chord structures
Chords are normally formed using one of two techniques: the span process or scalar clusters.
These chords can be embellished as a result of variation in which any combination of notes permitted by the scale can be used in a chord. However, in common practice, chords are formed by harmonizing in 3rds, 4ths, 5ths, 6ths, etc. The type of chord formed depends on the scale system being used.
Recent research has shown that African music has chord progressions. Gerhard Kubik states "until recently, little attention has been paid to a further structuring element, namely, the tonal-harmonic segmentation of a cycle. In most African music, cycles are sub-divided into two, four or eight tonal-harmonic segments." (A theory of African music, Volume II, page 44, paragraph 5).
In addition, the use of the tritone interval for tension is common in Africa. Oluwaseyi Kehinde notes "it is interesting that the interval of the tritone (augmented fourth or diminished fifth) is a salient feature in both vocal and instrumental music throughout Africa” (Karlton E. Hester and Francis Tovey use the same phrase to describe it). Gerhard Kubik in his article "bebop a case in point: the African matrix in Jazz harmonic practices" and his book "Africa and the Blues" echoes this point. This is significant to chords used as reference points or chord progressions in African musical structures.
Through the use of parallelism cadential patterns are inevitable. O.O. Bateye clarifies: "The subdominant (plagal) cadence is (resulting from the frequent tendency toward parallelism in African music) the favored cadence and not the perfect cadence, which is the norm in classical western music...Cadential patterns are frequent in African music and invariably result as a consequence of melodic movement either by thirds, fourths, or fifths – that is as a consequence of what may be referred to as shadow harmony ... A cadential descending minor third is frequently noted between the minor third step and the tonic (Reiser, 1982:122) in African music." These cadential movements are made using the melody and the scale as the guiding factor.
He continues "T.K. Philips objects to the te-doh and fah-me cadences as being authentic for African music, but nevertheless, as has been pointed out, are a frequent occurrence in African music utilizing scales other than the pentatonic. The presence of drones (see pedal notes below) is a common feature of African music."
"Target chords"
African music whose scalar source for the harmony is based on anhemtonic (every note is consonant with every other note) pentatonic and hexatonic scalar sources, Targeting specific vertical structures in relation to the secondary melodic phrase being harmonized is not a concern although this does happen.
For scalar systems that are not anhemtonic, target chords or vertical structures that are targeted for resolution are common place. Although the arrangement of the notes may be altered and/or embellished notes viewed as dissonant traditionally will be omitted from that structure. In harp music and xylophone music with 2 beaters these structures are dyads and are targeted for resolution by means of suspensions, anticipations, and other techniques of variation.
The "target chord" concept is applied equally to homomphonic parallelism and its various iterations as it is to polyphony. These vertical combinations by means of their strict repetition serve as an organizing structure to the improvised nature of the harmonic motions.
Polyphony
Polyphonic techniques used in African music include:
Melodic counterpoint – related to homophony, however there is no predominant melodic line or no hierarchy among the parts. Although it is not a general rule, all the parts frequently observe the same rhythmic values.
Polymelody – two different melodies with different start and end points occurring simultaneously.
Ostinato-variation – variations on a theme with an onstinato or ostinati above or below the melody line.
Hocket – interlocking, interweaving and overlapping rhythmic figures which are tiered on different pitches in a scalar system.
Polyphony by polyrhythmics – Polyphony normally does not occur unless the melodies are rhythmically independent. When two African melodies occur at the same time and are rhythmically independent it is polyphony.
Polyphony by inherent patterns – using auxiliary and passing note groups separated by disjunct intervals gives the facade of two melodies occurring back to back. This technique is used often by solo instrumentalists to create a pseudo-polyphony.
(Definitions Arom Simha)
Techniques
Traditional African music often employs the following techniques to create harmony:
Span process
Gerhard Kubik describes succinctly a process he attributes to the formation of chords used in parallelism throughout Africa. This process he calls the "span process". He states "The Span process or skipping process,(is) a structural principle implying that usually one note of a given scale is skipped by a second singer (or instrumental line) to obtain harmonic simultaneous sound in relation to the melodic line of a first vocalist (or instrumental line)". The harmonic line harmonized normally moves by step rarely jumping beyond a fourth.
Pedal notes
A frequent technique employed in African music (either as a means of variation or as part of a harmonic reference point) in which notes are repeated (on a monotone) in a part while others move in parallel motion above it. When there are at least 3 singers, the two or more upper parts follow the shape of the tune, while maintaining the intonation of the words, in parallel or similar motion. The lowest part repeats a basic drone (pedal notes can equally be found in higher voices as well). The repetitions may be temporary or extended depending on the performers and the particular musical piece. The employment of pedal notes is often the sources that oblique motion and contrary motion in African choral music. This technique is also applied to instrumental music.—Lazarus Ekweme
Rhythmic harmony
The use of harmony to enhance a rhythmic accent or to emphasize a note in the melody.
these normally occur at the end of melodic phrases, but may take place anywhere it is desirable to accentuate a note or text in the melody.
Harmony by imitation
This occurs when an added part imitates the shape of a portion of the melody (or other portion of the song) at a higher or lower pitch and after the initial musical phrase but overlapping with it. Due to tonal inflections (in the regions using tonal languages), the shape of the new musical phrase is similar to, but not necessarily identical with, that of the previous one. The use of imitation accounts for a wide variety of interval combinations within the scale system being used in African musics.
Scalar clusters
In parallel motion, rhythmic harmony or in harmonic patterns varying interval combinations can be found. However, all these intervals are limited to those permitted by the scale. The intervals of the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, octave, ninth and tenth can all be found. As African music and harmony is based on a cyclical structure with recurring reference points and harmonic reference points (or chords) some of these intervals are seen as color tones while others have structural significance. Generally the tones and intervals of structural significance are based on thirds, fourths, fifths, and octaves.
Simha states "In Central African polyphony, one can in fact find clusters of all the combinations of intervals allowed by the scale. The number of sounds included in vertical combinations varies with the number and type of performing instruments: while there are no more than two in Sanza music, it is not unusual to find four in xylophone music. In the limiting case, it can happen that the 5 sounds of the scale are simultaneously emitted as a cluster. This particular
type of verticality can easily be explained by referring each sound comprising a 'chord'
or sound cluster to its own melodic axis. It then becomes clear that the vertical configurations are the (partly fortuitous) consequence of the horizontal conception of melodic counterpoint."
This not only occurs when using pentatonic scales. Gerhard Kubik notes that the use of a partials derived system, or a Bordon system can also lead to the use of scalar clusters as consonance. In addition communities, and ethnic groups that use pentatonic systems many times also employ hexatonic and heptatonic scalar systems.
Variation principle
The variation principle describes the process of altering, embellishing, and modifying of melodic, rhythmic, harmonic, and/or other parts of a musical structure. These variations are made within and/or around the role of the part being varied. These variations rarely break the function of the part to be varied. In African music these variations are often improvised. Variation in African music are abundant and the musicians view them as necessary. Simha Arom states, "All musical pieces are characterized by cyclic structure that generates numerous improvised variations: repetition and variation is one of the most fundamental principles of all Central African musics,as indeed of many other musics in Black Africa." He continues, "Finally, improvisation, which I have described as the driving force behind melodic and rhythmic variations, plays an important part in every group. But there is no such thing as free improvisation, that is, improvisation that does not refer back to some precise and identifiable piece of music. It is always subordinate to the musical structure in which it appears..."
Variation is a very important aspect in African music (and the musics of the African diaspora). At every level of music variation is expected, with the stipulation that the structure of the part being played is not compromised. Harmony is no exception. He explains: "Melodic and rhythmic variations can, however, affect the instrumental formula, just as they can appear in the song the formula supports and summarizes. These variations engender a large variety of vertical combinations, or consonances."
Vertical combinations in African music have two different yet complementary functions. One function is that of being a structural reference point. The other is that of being an embellishment, or "color tone".
Arom Simha proceeds to note "We have already remarked that specific vertical combinations in each formula act as temporal reference points by virtue of their regular repetition at a given position in the periodic cycle. These combinations are the points at which several superposed melodic lines meet. They are usually based on octaves, fifths, and fourths, precisely the intervals which make up sections 1–4 of Chailley's resonance table (i960: 35), and this is certainly no accident. We may therefore assume that they take on a structural function." These vertical combinations that constitute reference points are chords that, together, form a chord progression. This is similar to the concepts of chords and progressions in cyclical forms in Jazz, Blues and other musics of the African diaspora.
Simha concludes "All other consonances can be viewed in the same way as the result of conjunctions of different melodies, but unlike the regularly repeated ones, their content (and at times even their position) is an arbitrary consequence of the numerous melodic and, particularly, rhythmic variations allowed in the various realizations of the formula. Consonances of this type seem intended to provide color, over and above the melodic nature of their constituent elements. This is a natural consequence of the fact that musicians tend to make full use of their available resources to enrich and variegate the texture of sound when performing cyclic music." These harmonic variations combined with rhythmic variations explain (in addition to the implementation of pedal notes) both "oblique" phenomena (anticipations and suspensions) and horizontal phenomena (drones and broken or ornamented pedal points).
David Locke in an article entitled "improvisation in west African music" states "...African musicians do improvise on various aspects of music, including melody, text, form, polyphony, rhythm, and timbre." These improvisations are based on preexisting musical structures and as such are variations and embellishments.
The Principles and techniques outlined above are all subject to variation not only by region, and the people, but also, by spontaneously improvised variations during performance. This creates complex harmonies. This is similar to the way Jazz musicians during a performance will alter a chord and embellish it with different "color tones", while still emphasizing principle chord tones so as not to disrupt the chord progression of the song.
Homophonic parallelism is also affected by this variation principle. With regards to improvised vocal parts within homophonic parallelism Gerhard Kubik in his book "Theory of African music", volume I says, "Another implicit concept of this multi-part musical system is linearity, i.e. each voice exists in its own right, though at the same time there remains the perspective of simultaneous vertical sound. All participants sing the same text, but their melodic lines are not parallel throughout, as might be expected from the tonal inflections of the language. on the contrary, oblique and counter-movement is consciously employed in order to emphasize the individuality of each participating voice. contrary motion is not always perceptible in recordings because the voices merge with one another. In practice an individual singer in the group can change the direction of his melodic line whenever he likes...An individual singer can also string up several variants of his voice part successively along the time-line. In 'chiyongoyongo' for instance, there are dozens of simultaneous variants possible and each are perceived as correct. this leads to a very lively style of variation, in which each individual voice is conceived to be linear and independent while contributing to the euphoric whole."
He continues "Where the precepts of tonal languages permit it (and this is the case in eastern Angola) we can thus find a kind of multi-part singing which transcends the "parallel harmony," so often described by authors as typical of one or the other African style. The multi-part singing style of the peoples of eastern Angola, including the Mbwela, Luchazi, Chokwe, Luvale and others is only parallel in theory. the creation of harmonic sound is accomplished within a relatively loose combination of individual voices, fluctuating between triads, bichords and more or less dense accumulations of notes. the exact shape of the chords, the duplication and omissions of individual notes in the total pattern may change with every repetition."
Traditional African harmony as the basis for jazz and blues harmony
See:
Gerhard Kubik's A case in point: Bebop: the African matrix in Jazz harmonic practices
Gerhard Kubik's Africa and the Blues
Gerhard Kubiks's Theory of African Music volumes I and II
David Locke's Improvisation in West Africa
Karlton E. Hester's Bigotry and the Afrocentric “Jazz” Evolution
Gunther Schuller Early Jazz, Its Roots and Musical Development
See also
Parallel harmony
Polyphony
Homophony
Harmony
Chords
Chord progression
Heterophony
Countermelody
Harmonization
Improvisation
Africa
Quartal and quintal harmony
Tertian
Secundal
Extended chord
Jazz
Mbube
References
Sources
Joseph Hanson Kwabena Nketia, The Music of Africa, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., published 1974.
External links
http://www.tinotenda.org/improvisation.htm
http://www.tinotenda.org/aspects.htm
https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-57093
https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-57094
https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-57095
Harmony
African traditional music | wiki |
iPhone est une marque qui peut désigner :
l'iPhone, une gamme de smartphones lancée en 2007 par l'entreprise américaine Apple ;
l'iPhone OS, ancien nom de iOS, système d'exploitation mobile d'Apple ;
iPhone, une gamme de téléphones sans-fil VoIP commercialisée par Linksys de 1998 à 2011. | wiki |
Time fades away (album van Neil Young) (1973), muziekalbum van Neil Young
Time fades away (lied van Neil Young) (1973), lied van Neil Young | wiki |
The title of Lemon Capital of the World has been give to these places, for growing large amounts of lemons:
South Riverside Land and Water Company now Corona, California. (1887 to 1980s).
Chula Vista, California (1888 to present)
Ventura County, California - Santa Paula, California - Saticoy, California (1938 to present)
Florida
Mexico
India
Lemons need a minimum temperature of around 7 °C (45 °F), so the list is all places with mild winters.
See also
Citrus production
Citrus rootstock
List of citrus diseases
Mother Orange Tree
Gallery
References
Citrus production
City nicknames | wiki |
Prairie wind (album van Neil Young) (2005), muziekalbum van Neil Young
Prairie wind (nummer van Neil Young) (2005), lied van Neil Young | wiki |
Gail Robinson may refer to:
Gail Robinson (Neighbours), a fictional character on the Australian soap opera Neighbours
Gail Robinson (soprano) (1946–2008), American opera singer
Gail Robinson (writer), Canadian poet, novelist, and writer for radio | wiki |
Specific output is a measure of internal combustion engine performance. It describes the efficiency of an engine in terms of the brake horsepower it outputs relative to its displacement. The measure enables the comparison of differently sized engines, and is usually expressed as kilowatts or horsepower per litre or per cubic inch. On average, forced induction engines out-perform naturally aspirated engines by this measure, primarily due to their increased volumetric efficiency.
See also
Power density
List of automotive superlatives
References
Engine technology | wiki |
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