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The Tides is a building in Miami Beach. As a 49-meter building in 1936, it was the tallest in the city and one of the tallest in the state of Florida. The building was renovated in 1997, and is currently a residential condominium. and luxury hotel.
It was previously operated by the Chris Blackwell resort group Island Outpost. Since being operated by Island Outpost, it has had multiple owners and is currently the King & Grove Tides South Beach
References
Buildings and structures completed in 1936
Residential skyscrapers in Miami Beach, Florida
1936 establishments in Florida | wiki |
(, translating to "anchovy drippings") is an Italian fish sauce made from anchovies, from the small fishing village of Cetara, Campania. The sauce is a transparent, amber-colored liquid, produced by fermenting salted anchovies inside terzigni, small chestnut barrels. The fish used in the sauce are harvested from the Amalfi Coast between March 25 (Annunciation) and July 22 (Feast of Mary Magdalene).
History
The origins of colatura di alici date back to ancient Rome, where a similar sauce known as garum was widely used as a condiment. The recipe for garum was recovered by a group of Medieval monks, who would salt anchovies in wooden barrels every August, allowing the fish sauce to drip away through the cracks of the barrels over the course of the process. Eventually the process spread across the region and was perfected by using wool sheets to filter the fish sauce. One common way this fish sauce has been used is in a dish called spaghetti alla colatura di alici, which includes small amounts of the fish sauce with spaghetti, garlic, and olive oil.
See also
References
Fish sauces
Italian sauces
Cuisine of Campania
Anchovy dishes | wiki |
The 1973–74 Pittsburgh Penguins season was the franchise's seventh season in the National Hockey League. The 'Century Line' of Syl Apps Jr., Lowell MacDonald and Jean Pronovost was established this season. The trio took their name as a result of combining for more than 100 goals over the course of the year.
Offseason
Regular season
Final standings
Schedule and results
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 1 || Oct 12 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 4–3 || Atlanta Flames || Omni Coliseum || 1–0–0 || 2
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 2 || Oct 13 || New York Rangers || 8–2 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 1–1–0 || 2
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 3 || Oct 17 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 4–2 || Minnesota North Stars || Met Center || 2–1–0 || 4
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 4 || Oct 20 || California Golden Seals || 3–5 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 3–1–0 || 6
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 5 || Oct 21 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 2–8 || Boston Bruins || Boston Garden || 3–2–0 || 6
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 6 || Oct 24 || Montreal Canadiens || 3–2 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 3–3–0 || 6
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 7 || Oct 27 || Philadelphia Flyers || 6–0 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 3–4–0 || 6
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 8 || Oct 28 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 7–2 || New York Rangers || Madison Square Garden (IV) || 4–4–0 || 8
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 9 || Oct 31 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 1–1 || Montreal Canadiens || Montreal Forum || 4–4–1 || 9
|-
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 10 || Nov 3 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 0–6 || Toronto Maple Leafs || Maple Leaf Gardens || 4–5–1 || 9
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 11 || Nov 4 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 0–7 || Philadelphia Flyers || The Spectrum || 4–6–1 || 9
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 12 || Nov 7 || New York Islanders || 1–1 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 4–6–2 || 10
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 13 || Nov 10 || Atlanta Flames || 4–4 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 4–6–3 || 11
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 14 || Nov 13 || Minnesota North Stars || 2–5 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 5–6–3 || 13
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 15 || Nov 15 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 3–5 || St. Louis Blues || St. Louis Arena || 5–7–3 || 13
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 16 || Nov 17 || Chicago Black Hawks || 4–1 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 5–8–3 || 13
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 17 || Nov 18 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 0–7 || New York Rangers || Madison Square Garden (IV) || 5–9–3 || 13
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 18 || Nov 21 || Vancouver Canucks || 4–5 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 6–9–3 || 15
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 19 || Nov 22 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 4–2 || Toronto Maple Leafs || Maple Leaf Gardens || 7–9–3 || 17
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 20 || Nov 24 || Montreal Canadiens || 5–2 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 7–10–3 || 17
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 21 || Nov 28 || Toronto Maple Leafs || 4–3 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 7–11–3 || 17
|-
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 22 || Dec 1 || Atlanta Flames || 2–2 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 7–11–4 || 18
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 23 || Dec 2 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 1–2 || Chicago Black Hawks || Chicago Stadium || 7–12–4 || 18
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 24 || Dec 5 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 1–4 || Los Angeles Kings || The Forum || 7–13–4 || 18
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 25 || Dec 7 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 3–4 || California Golden Seals || Oakland Coliseum Arena || 7–14–4 || 18
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 26 || Dec 8 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 2–3 || Vancouver Canucks || Pacific Coliseum || 7–15–4 || 18
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 27 || Dec 12 || California Golden Seals || 1–9 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 8–15–4 || 20
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 28 || Dec 15 || Detroit Red Wings || 2–0 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 8–16–4 || 20
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 29 || Dec 16 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 2–1 || Atlanta Flames || Omni Coliseum || 9–16–4 || 22
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 30 || Dec 20 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 5–6 || Boston Bruins || Boston Garden || 9–17–4 || 22
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 31 || Dec 22 || New York Rangers || 4–1 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 9–18–4 || 22
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 32 || Dec 23 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 2–3 || Buffalo Sabres || Buffalo Memorial Auditorium || 9–19–4 || 22
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 33 || Dec 26 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 2–2 || Detroit Red Wings || Olympia Stadium || 9–19–5 || 23
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 34 || Dec 28 || St. Louis Blues || 3–1 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 9–20–5 || 23
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 35 || Dec 29 || Chicago Black Hawks || 4–2 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 9–21–5 || 23
|-
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 36 || Jan 2 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 4–8 || Minnesota North Stars || Met Center || 9–22–5 || 23
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 37 || Jan 3 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 1–6 || Buffalo Sabres || Buffalo Memorial Auditorium || 9–23–5 || 23
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 38 || Jan 5 || Buffalo Sabres || 2–5 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 10–23–5 || 25
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 39 || Jan 9 || Toronto Maple Leafs || 6–4 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 10–24–5 || 25
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 40 || Jan 12 || Buffalo Sabres || 2–5 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 11–24–5 || 27
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 41 || Jan 13 || Boston Bruins || 5–3 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 11–25–5 || 27
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 42 || Jan 16 || Los Angeles Kings || 2–0 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 11–26–5 || 27
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 43 || Jan 18 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 6–2 || Vancouver Canucks || Pacific Coliseum || 12–26–5 || 29
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 44 || Jan 20 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 5–3 || Philadelphia Flyers || The Spectrum || 13–26–5 || 31
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 45 || Jan 23 || St. Louis Blues || 1–4 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 14–26–5 || 33
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 46 || Jan 26 || Los Angeles Kings || 2–0 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 14–27–5 || 33
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 47 || Jan 27 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 5–6 || Detroit Red Wings || Olympia Stadium || 14–28–5 || 33
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 48 || Jan 30 || New York Rangers || 4–2 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 14–29–5 || 33
|-
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 49 || Feb 2 || Chicago Black Hawks || 3–1 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 14–30–5 || 33
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 50 || Feb 3 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 4–5 || Boston Bruins || Boston Garden || 14–31–5 || 33
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 51 || Feb 7 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 4–5 || Philadelphia Flyers || The Spectrum || 14–32–5 || 33
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 52 || Feb 9 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 3–2 || New York Islanders || Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum || 15–32–5 || 35
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 53 || Feb 10 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 3–5 || Chicago Black Hawks || Chicago Stadium || 15–33–5 || 35
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 54 || Feb 13 || Detroit Red Wings || 3–5 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 16–33–5 || 37
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 55 || Feb 16 || California Golden Seals || 3–7 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 17–33–5 || 39
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 56 || Feb 20 || St. Louis Blues || 1–1 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 17–33–6 || 40
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 57 || Feb 23 || Boston Bruins || 6–2 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 17–34–6 || 40
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 58 || Feb 24 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 4–2 || Chicago Black Hawks || Chicago Stadium || 18–34–6 || 42
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 59 || Feb 27 || Los Angeles Kings || 1–4 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 19–34–6 || 44
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 60 || Feb 28 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 1–7 || Montreal Canadiens || Montreal Forum || 19–35–6 || 44
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 61 || Mar 2 || Vancouver Canucks || 1–6 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 20–35–6 || 46
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 62 || Mar 5 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 2–1 || New York Islanders || Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum || 21–35–6 || 48
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 63 || Mar 7 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 2–2 || Toronto Maple Leafs || Maple Leaf Gardens || 21–35–7 || 49
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 64 || Mar 9 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 7–5 || St. Louis Blues || St. Louis Arena || 22–35–7 || 51
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 65 || Mar 10 || Montreal Canadiens || 5–4 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 22–36–7 || 51
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 66 || Mar 13 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 1–5 || Los Angeles Kings || The Forum || 22–37–7 || 51
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 67 || Mar 15 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 6–1 || California Golden Seals || Oakland Coliseum Arena || 23–37–7 || 53
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 68 || Mar 16 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 8–6 || Vancouver Canucks || Pacific Coliseum || 24–37–7 || 55
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 69 || Mar 20 || New York Islanders || 1–1 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 24–37–8 || 56
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 70 || Mar 23 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 1–5 || Minnesota North Stars || Met Center || 24–38–8 || 56
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 71 || Mar 24 || Detroit Red Wings || 0–8 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 25–38–8 || 58
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 72 || Mar 27 || Minnesota North Stars || 3–3 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 25–38–9 || 59
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 73 || Mar 30 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 3–4 || St. Louis Blues || St. Louis Arena || 25–39–9 || 59
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 74 || Mar 31 || Atlanta Flames || 2–4 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 26–39–9 || 61
|-
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 75 || Apr 2 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 2–3 || New York Islanders || Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum || 26–40–9 || 61
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 76 || Apr 4 || Buffalo Sabres || 2–4 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 27–40–9 || 63
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 77 || Apr 6 || Philadelphia Flyers || 1–6 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 28–40–9 || 65
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 78 || Apr 7 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 3–6 || Atlanta Flames || Omni Coliseum || 28–41–9 || 65
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Legend: = Win = Loss = Tie
Playoffs
The Penguins failed to make the playoffs for the second consecutive year.
Player statistics
Skaters
Goaltenders
†Denotes player spent time with another team before joining the Penguins. Stats reflect time with the Penguins only.
‡Denotes player was traded mid-season. Stats reflect time with the Penguins only.
Transactions
The Penguins were involved in the following transactions during the 1973–74 season:
Trades
Additions and subtractions
Draft picks
Pittsburgh Penguins' picks at the 1973 NHL Amateur Draft.
Draft notes
The Detroit Red Wings' second-round pick went to the Pittsburgh Penguins as a result of an October 6, 1972, trade that sent Roy Edwards to the Red Wings in exchange for a 1974 second-round pick and this pick.
The Pittsburgh Penguins' third-round pick went to the Detroit Red Wings as the result of a February 25, 1973, trade that sent Andy Brown to the Penguins in exchange for this pick.
References
Pittsburgh Penguins seasons
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh
Pitts
Pitts | wiki |
Hopalong Cassidy is a fictional cowboy hero created in 1904 by author Clarence E. Mulford who has appeared in a variety of media.
Hopalong Cassidy may also refer to:
Hopalong Cassidy, a 1910 novel by Clarence E. Mulford
Hopalong Cassidy (film series), a 1935-1948 film series starring William Boyd as Hopalong Cassidy
Hop-Along Cassidy, the first film in the series
Hopalong Cassidy (radio program), a radio program that aired from 1948 to 1952 and starred Boyd as Cassidy
Hopalong Cassidy (TV series), a TV series that aired from 1949 to 1952 and starred Boyd as Cassidy
Hopalong Cassidy, a 1949–1955 comic strip drawn by Dan Spiegle
See also
Hopalong Cassady or Howard Cassady (1934–2019), an American football player
Hopalong Cassidy River Trail, a trail in Illinois
Hopalong Casualty, a 1960 animated short film | wiki |
Richmond Spiders basketball may refer to either of the basketball teams that represent the University of Richmond:
Richmond Spiders men's basketball
Richmond Spiders women's basketball | wiki |
A backup camera (also called a reversing camera or rear-view camera) is a special type of video camera that is produced specifically for the purpose of being attached to the rear of a vehicle to aid in backing up and to alleviate the rear blind spot. It is designed to avoid a backup collision. The area directly behind vehicles has been described as a "killing zone" due to associated accidents. Backup cameras are usually connected to the vehicle head unit display. A common variant is a Surround View system, which assembles a synthetic but positionally accurate top-down view of the vehicle and its adjacencies.
Backup cameras have been regulated by law in Canada and the United States since 2018. Backup cameras are increasingly common on new vehicles and beginning in May 2018 they are now required on all new automobiles sold in the United States.
Function
The design of a backup camera is distinct from other cameras in that the image is horizontally flipped so that the output is a mirror image. This is necessary because the camera and the driver face opposite directions, and without it, the camera's right would be on the driver's left and vice versa. A mirrored image makes the orientation of the display consistent with the physical mirrors installed on the vehicle. A backup camera typically uses a wide-angle or fisheye lens. While such a lens impairs the camera's ability to see faraway objects, it allows the camera to see an uninterrupted horizontal path from one rear corner to the other. The camera is typically pointed at a downward angle to view potential obstacles on the ground.
Backup cameras make use of dashboard screens that are also used with GPS navigation systems. Inside the vehicle, the display is typically wired to automatically sense when the transmission is set in reverse, showing the backup view on the dashboard screen while the vehicle is in reverse and/or providing grid guidelines by detecting the parking lot markings to aid the driver.
Variations
Backup cameras are produced in different varieties depending on the application.
Backup cameras can be added as aftermarket additions to vehicles that do not come with factory-fitted systems. They are available in both wired and wireless versions.
For large vehicles such as motorhomes, camera systems with built-in servomechanisms allow the driver to remotely pan and tilt the camera.
Wireless Backup Cameras come with a wireless camera and receiver, which make it easier and cheaper to install them.
Built-in audio intercoms (one-way or two-way) are used in addition to the camera system for communicating with a spotter outside the vehicle - common when backing large trailers or launching boats.
Night vision cameras use a series of infrared lights for backing in the dark, when the positioning or the intensity of the vehicle's white reverse lights are insufficient for this purpose.
Portable or semi-permanent all-in-one camera systems, also known as dashboard cameras or dashcams, are typically sold for vehicles that don't have displays permanently installed in the dash. Such systems consist of a small portable screen that can be affixed on the dashboard or on a rearview mirror, and a length of wire to reach the cameras, including a backup camera.
Some backup and rear cameras are connected to displays on the rearview mirror and are used in vehicles to detect activity behind the car to "avoid the tooling, software, hardware, and testing costs associated with integrating the display/feature in other areas of the vehicle."
License-plate-frame versions permit installation without any permanent vehicle modifications.
Custom cameras: brake light cameras are combination devices that contain a camera, while still illuminating as a brake light. Some backup cameras also use a combination of LEDs surrounding the camera lens to illuminate the surroundings while in use.
History
The first backup camera was used in the 1956 Buick Centurion concept car, presented in January 1956 at the General Motors Motorama. The vehicle had a rear-mounted television camera that sent images to a TV screen on the dashboard in place of the rear-view mirror.
Later the 1972 Volvo Experimental Safety Car (VESC) had a backup camera. However, the camera did not make it into the following Volvo 240 model.
The first production automobile to incorporate a backup camera was the 1991 Toyota Soarer Limited (UZZ31 and UZZ32), which was only available in Japan and not on U.S. counterpart Lexus SC. The Toyota system used a color EMV screen, with a rear-spoiler-mounted CCD camera. The system was discontinued in 1997. In April 2000, Nissan's Infiniti division introduced the RearView Monitor on the 2002 Infiniti Q45 flagship sedan at the 2000 New York International Auto Show. Using coloured onscreen guide lines as a parking distance parameter, the RearView Monitor operated from a license-plate-mounted camera in the trunk that transmitted a mirrored image to an 7-inch in-dash LCD screen. It was available as optional equipment upon North American launch in March 2001. The 2002 Nissan Primera introduced the RearView Monitor backup camera system to territories outside Japan and North America.
Aftermarket options for cars have been available for some time. Electronics manufacturers have made multiple car upgrades available that can be installed by professionals without replacing the car's center console.
Others
Other types of camera systems can give a more comprehensive view.
Surround-view cameras
Infiniti introduced the first surround-view cameras, making the system available on the 2008 EX35 and marketing it as the Around View Monitor. The system used four cameras located at the front, back and sides of the vehicle, feeding images to an image processing unit to analyze, assemble and synthesize inputs together to create a synthetic but positionally accurate top-down view of the car and its surroundings. In most modern systems, the pictures appear in such detail that it's difficult to believe they were not taken from above the vehicle.
BMW introduced their competing system called Surround View in 2009 on the F10 5 Series. Other automobile manufacturers have since offered similar systems, e.g., Bird's Eye View Camera (Toyota), or Surround Vision (Chevrolet). Collectively, J.D. Power calls such systems surround-view cameras.
Side mirror
First offered in October 2018, the Japanese market Lexus ES can be optioned with cameras as side view mirrors. This feature is also offered as an option on the Audi Q8 e-tron and Hyundai Ioniq 5.
Wireless Backup Camera
This is an advanced type of reversing camera that does not require the use of cables between the camera itself and the display. It functions remotely. Wireless rear-view cameras usually have separate sources of power from the display. The cameras are usually powered by the same power source as the brake and thus switch on automatically when the reverse gear is engaged. The majority of these backup cameras come with a transmitter near the camera and a receiver near the display for relaying signals and live images. Some models, such as the Pearl RearVision backup camera, made by Pearl Automation, used solar energy for power. The display for these types of backup camera can be powered from the 12-volt socket on the car's dashboard. Some of the displays are also integrated on the rear-view mirror thereby giving it a multipurpose function. Some models also sync directly with a mobile phone using an app which then acts as the display. The main advantage of this type of backup camera is that it is extremely easy to install and rarely requires professional installation. The installation of these cameras also does not interfere with a car's look as minimal to no drilling or laying of wires is required. However, some wireless cameras are quite expensive.
Blind spot monitors and other technology
Blind spot monitors are an option that may include more than monitoring the sides of the vehicle. It can include "Cross Traffic Alert", which alerts drivers backing out of a parking space when traffic is approaching from the sides.
Mandates
In the United States, the Cameron Gulbransen Kids Transportation Safety Act of 2007 required the United States Department of Transportation to issue backup-collision-safety regulations within three years and require full compliance within four years after final rulemaking.
The law specified a statutory deadline of February 2011 for issuing the final regulations. However, under the Obama administration, the USDOT repeatedly granted itself extensions to the deadline, claiming it needed more time to analyze costs and benefits of the requirement. In September 2013, Greg Gulbransen, the father of the child whom the law was named after, along with a group of consumers and advocates submitted a petition to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, demanding that the USDOT implement regulations on backup cameras within 90 days. About half of model year 2012 automobiles were equipped with backup cameras.
On March 31, 2014, three years past its deadline, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration announced that it would require all automobiles sold in the United States built beginning in May 2018 to include backup cameras. On October 31, 2016, Transport Canada issued a similar mandate beginning at the same time.
See also
Automatic parking
Blind spot monitor
Collision avoidance system
Experimental Safety Vehicle (ESV)
Intelligent Parking Assist System
Intelligent car
Lane departure warning system
Omniview technology
Parking sensors
RCA
Waterproof
Wing mirror
Notes
External links
Advanced driver assistance systems
Vehicle safety technologies | wiki |
Portsmouth Public Library may refer to:
Portsmouth Public Library (Ohio), United States
Portsmouth Public Library (New Hampshire), United States | wiki |
VCU Rams basketball may refer to either of the basketball teams that represent Virginia Commonwealth University:
VCU Rams men's basketball
VCU Rams women's basketball | wiki |
Margaret Taylor may refer to:
Margaret Taylor (1788–1852), wife of Zachary Taylor and First Lady of the United States from 1849 to 1850
Margaret Young Taylor (1837–1919), American leader in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Margaret L. Curry (born Taylor, 1898–1986), American state parole officer and medical social worker
Peggy Taylor (1912–2002), American singer and television announcer
Peg Taylor (cricketer) (1917–2004), New Zealand cricketer
Peggy Taylor (spy) (1920–2006), French World War II spy
Peggy Taylor (EastEnders), a character from EastEnders
See also
Margaret Taylor-Burroughs, American artist and writer | wiki |
Navy Midshipmen basketball may refer to either of the basketball teams that represent the United States Naval Academy:
Navy Midshipmen men's basketball
Navy Midshipmen women's basketball | wiki |
Methyl-DOB, or 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-methylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. It is similar in structure to DOB. Methyl-DOB was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved), the minimum dosage is listed as 8 mg, and the effects onset begin after 3 hours and last up to 36 hours. Methyl-DOB produces many physical effects, such as mydriasis and muscle tenseness, but few psychoactive effects. Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of Methyl-DOB.
See also
Phenethylamine
Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants
External links
Methyl-DOB entry in PiHKAL
Methyl-DOB entry in PiHKAL • info
Methamphetamines | wiki |
Post-antibiotic may refer to:
Antibiotic resistance
Post Antibiotic Effect | wiki |
Mary Cameron may refer to:
Mary Cameron (painter) (1865–1921), Scottish portrait painter
Mary Gilmore (1865–1962), née Mary Cameron, Australian socialist poet and journalist
Mary Cameron (mother of David Cameron) (born 1934), mother of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Mary Cameron (entomologist), professor of medical entomology | wiki |
Anything But Straight: Unmasking the Scandals and Lies Behind the Ex-Gay Myth is a 2003 book by Wayne Besen, a gay rights advocate. The book examines the claims of prominent gay "conversion therapists" and provides insight into "ex-gay" ministries such as Love in Action, Exodus International, Homosexuals Anonymous.
The book received a positive review from American psychiatrist Jack Drescher, known for his work on sexual orientation and gender identity.
References
External links
Anything But Straight
Wayne Besen
2003 non-fiction books
American non-fiction books
English-language books
LGBT literature in the United States
2000s LGBT literature
Harrington Park Press books | wiki |
International Movement for a Just World (JUST) is an international NGO based in Malaysia. It was founded by the social activist and academic Chandra Muzaffar, the current president.
References
External links
International human rights organizations
Non-profit organisations based in Malaysia
Organizations with year of establishment missing
Human rights in Malaysia | wiki |
Floating bridge may refer to:
Bridges that float on water
Pontoon bridge
Submerged floating tunnel
Vlotbrug, a design of retractable pontoon bridge used in the Dutch province of North Holland
Ferries
A cable ferry, especially one designed by British civil engineer James Meadows Rendel
Cowes Floating Bridge
Torpoint Ferry
Woolston Floating Bridge
Other uses
In music, a type of bridge (instrument)
Fender floating bridge
Singaporean bridge, a card game also known as floating bridge
See also
List of pontoon bridges | wiki |
September 2019
See also
References
killings by law enforcement officers
09 | wiki |
Robin-chat is a name given to a number of bird species:
Cossypha
Cossyphicula, also named the White-bellied robin-chat
Birds by common name | wiki |
Maison des Enfants – stacja metra w Lille, położona na linii 2. Znajduje się w Lille, w dzielnicy Lomme. Stacja obsługuję mediatekę w dzielnicy Délivrance.
Została oficjalnie otwarta 1 kwietnia 1989.
Przypisy
Metro w Lille | wiki |
Louise Herlinveaux is a Canadian curler.
She is a and a .
Awards
British Columbia Curling Hall of Fame: 1995, together with all of the Pat Sanders 1987 team.
British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame: 1996, together with all of the 1987 Pat Sanders Rink.
Greater Victoria Sports Hall of Fame: 1997
Teams and events
Women's
Mixed
Private life
She works for British Columbia Government Directory as Senior Infrastructure Architect for Technical Services and Operations.
References
External links
Louise Herlinveaux – Curling Canada Stats Archive
Living people
Curlers from Victoria, British Columbia
Canadian women curlers
World curling champions
Canadian women's curling champions
Canadian mixed curling champions
Year of birth missing (living people) | wiki |
People of Earth is a 2016 American comedy television series.
People of Earth may also refer to:
"People of Earth", a reference to humans
People of Earth, a 2007 album by Doctor Steel
People of Earth, an episode of Star Trek: Discovery
See also
People of the Earth, a 1992 novel by W. Michael Gear and Kathleen O'Neal Gear in the First North Americans series.
Citizens of Earth, a 2015 video game | wiki |
It's a Wonderful Lie may refer to:
"It's a Wonderful Lie" (House), an episode of House, M.D.
"It's a Wonderful Lie", an episode of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
"It's a Wonderful Lie", an episode of The Riches | wiki |
A complete protein or whole protein is a food source of protein that contains an adequate proportion of each of the nine essential amino acids necessary in the human diet.
Amino acid profile
The following table lists the optimal profile of the nine essential amino acids in the human diet, which comprises complete protein, as recommended by the US Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board. The foodstuffs listed for comparison show the essential amino acid content per unit of the total protein of the food, 100g of spinach, for example, only contains 2.9g of protein (6% Daily Value), and of that protein 1.36% is tryptophan.(note that the examples have not been corrected for digestibility)
Total adult daily intake
The second column in the following table shows the amino acid requirements of adults as recommended by the World Health Organization calculated for a adult. Recommended Daily Intake is based on per day, which could be appropriate for a adult.
See also
Protein quality
Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score
References
Nutrition
Proteins as nutrients | wiki |
Civic Center – architettura di Atlanta
Civic Center – architettura di Los Angeles
Civic Center – area del quartiere Allapattah di Miami
Civic Center – quartiere di New York
Civic Center – architettura di San Francisco | wiki |
"Buffy vs. Dracula" is the season 5 premiere of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Buffy faces the infamous Count Dracula, who has come to Sunnydale to make her one of his brides. In the process, he turns Xander into a Renfield of sorts, and Giles becomes enthralled with the three sisters, much like Jonathan Harker in the novel. However, after a brief spell during which Buffy is mesmerized by the Count, she regains her usual composure and defeats him.
Plot
On a stormy day, two men deliver a large crate to a residence, but when they drop it, a clawed hand breaks through the wood and attacks one of the men.
Giles has Willow start scanning books into a computer so that they can be resources for the gang to use. He then tells her that he is going back to England as he feels like Buffy and the gang no longer need him.
While patrolling, Buffy is confronted by a vampire who condenses from mist: he introduces himself as none other than Count Dracula himself. Buffy is starstruck, but when she tries to stake the legendary vampire, he disappears. Xander and Willow arrive to see Dracula before he turns into a bat and flies away. The women discuss how amazing Dracula is, and Riley and Xander both express their jealousy towards the infamous Dark Prince. Willow attempts to attract attention to Giles and his usefulness, but the gang seems oblivious.
As Xander is walking home alone, he encounters Dracula. Using his mysterious charms, the vampire persuades Xander to be his aide and lure the Slayer to him. Riley asks Spike about Dracula, but the former commando is warned that Dracula is too dangerous for him to take on alone. Buffy awakens to find Dracula in her bedroom, as Joyce had earlier invited him into their home. She is helpless against his powers and unable to stop him from biting her. When she wakes the next morning, she hides the puncture marks in her neck with a scarf.
Later, the gang discusses their plan of attack. Buffy seems distracted and after hearing about the truths of Dracula, she leaves abruptly. Riley follows her and forces her to take off the scarf to show the puncture marks on her neck. Everyone is shocked to see that she has been under the control of Dracula. Since Xander is under Dracula's power, he has a strange hunger for spiders and attempts to defend the powerful vampire to his friends. Xander volunteers to have Buffy stay safely at his place, Willow and Tara use magic to protect the Summers home, and Giles and Riley go after Dracula.
Xander locks Anya in the closet and takes the willing Slayer to his "Master" in hopes of getting immortality in return. After being left alone with Dracula, Buffy tries to take control and stake him, but he is easily able to make her put the stake down, telling her about all the things he will do for her while she struggles to regain control of herself. As Giles and Riley arrive at the castle, Xander tries to stop them from going after Dracula, but Riley knocks him out with one punch, while Giles finds himself seduced by the Three Sisters. Dracula offers his blood to Buffy, and she hesitantly takes a drink. A flash of memories allows Buffy to break his control over her. Riley rescues a reluctant Giles from the vampire sisters, and they go to save Buffy. Buffy and Dracula fight in a vicious battle, and finally Buffy stakes him. After they leave, Dracula comes back from the dust. Buffy is there and stakes him again, knowing he would come back. Dracula attempts to re-form again but is reminded by Buffy that she is "standing right here". He slips away in his mist-form.
Buffy tells Giles that she wants to be the Slayer again, to learn about her duties and her future. She asks him to be her Watcher again, which she accepts. Buffy comes home and announces to her mom that she is going out with Riley. As she enters her room, she finds a strange girl there going through her stuff. Joyce tells Buffy that she should take her sister with her if she goes out, much to both girls' chagrin.
Production
The vampire who was going to show Buffy a darker side of herself was originally envisioned as "just another vampire who rode a horse and was all cool," says writer Marti Noxon. "I kept saying, 'Like Dracula - until Joss Whedon said, "Why not Dracula? He's public domain."
Rudolf Martin, the actor who played Dracula had also played Vlad III Dracula, "the Impaler" (the real life inspiration for Bram Stoker's book Dracula and thus, the vampire Dracula) in the TV movie Dark Prince: The True Story of Dracula which aired on the USA Network a month after this episode aired. Near the end of the film, the story strays into fiction by having Vlad excommunicated by the Orthodox Church (this didn't happen in real life) before getting assassinated by his brother Radu (how Vlad actually died is unknown). Due to Vlad's violent life as shown in the film and the excommunication, he is denied entry to both Heaven and Hell and rises from the grave as a vampire and is implied to be one and the same as Count Dracula. The movie therefore has an unintended sense of continuity with the episode as both cast the same actor to play the same character.
Noxon says the scene in which Dracula implies that Buffy would "make an amazing vampire" thematically resonates with the questions of identity with which Buffy struggles throughout Season 5.
When questioning Dracula's identity, Buffy mentions having encountered "pimply and overweight" vampires who named themselves after Anne Rice's vampire character Lestat de Lioncourt. This is the first indication that some vampires appreciate Rice's perspective on vampirism; in contrast, "School Hard" and "Darla" depicted some vampires as having contempt for Rice's concepts.
Broadcast and release
"Buffy vs. Dracula" was first broadcast on September 26, 2000 on The WB Television Network. During its original broadcast, the episode was watched by 5.8 million viewers and received a Nielsen rating share of 3.9/6. This means that 3.9 percent of all households with a television viewed the episode, while among those households watching TV during this time period, six percent of them were actively watching the program. This was lower than the season three premiere, but higher than the season one and two premieres.
It was released on DVD as part of the fifth season on December 9, 2003.
See also
Vampire film
References
External links
Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 5) episodes
Television episodes about Dracula
2000 American television episodes
Television episodes written by Marti Noxon | wiki |
The Stimpmeter is a device used to measure the speed of a golf course putting green by applying a known velocity to a golf ball and measuring the distance traveled in feet.
History
It was designed in 1935 by golfer Edward S. Stimpson, Sr. (1904–1985). The Massachusetts state amateur champion and former Harvard golf team captain, Stimpson was a spectator at the 1935 U.S. Open at Oakmont near Pittsburgh, where the winning score was 299 (+11). After witnessing a putt by a top professional (Gene Sarazen, a two-time champion) roll off a green, Stimpson was convinced the greens were unreasonably fast, but wondered how he could prove it. He developed a device, made of wood, now known as the Stimpmeter, which is an angled track that releases a ball at a known velocity so that the distance it rolls on a green's surface can be measured.
In 1976, it was redesigned from aluminum by Frank Thomas of the United States Golf Association (USGA). It was first used by the USGA during the 1976 U.S. Open at Atlanta and made available to golf course superintendents in 1978. The 1976 version is painted green.
In January 2013, the USGA announced a third generation device based on work by Steven Quintavalla, a senior research engineer at the USGA labs. A second hole in this version enables the option of a shorter run-out. This version is painted blue, and is manufactured to a higher engineering tolerance to improve accuracy and precision.
Description
The 1976 device is an extruded aluminum bar, long and wide, with a 145° V-shaped groove extending along its entire length, supporting the ball at two points, apart. It is tapered at one end by removing metal from its underside to reduce the bounce of the ball as it rolls onto the green. It has a notch at a right angle to the length of the bar from the lower tapered end where the ball is placed. The notch may be a hole completely through the bar or just a depression in it. The ball is pulled out of the notch by gravity when the device is slowly raised to an angle of about 20°, rolling onto the green at a repeatable velocity of . The distance travelled by the ball in feet is the 'speed' of the putting green. Six distances, three in each of two opposite directions, should be averaged on a flat section of the putting green. The three balls in each direction must be within of each other for USGA validation of the test.
Sloped greens
One problem is finding a near level surface as required in the USGA handbook. Many greens cannot be correctly measured as there may not be an area where the measured distance or green speed in opposing directions is less than a foot, particularly when they are very fast and thus require a very long level surface. A formula, based on the work of Isaac Newton, as derived and extensively tested by A. Douglas Brede, solves that problem. The formula is:
(where S↑ is speed up the slope and S↓ is speed down the slope on the same path). This eliminates the effect of the slope and provides a true green speed even on severely sloped greens.
Recommendations
The USGA stimpmetered putting greens across the country to produce the following recommendations:
For the U.S. Open, they recommend:
The greens at Oakmont Country Club (where the device was conceived) are some of the fastest in the world, with readings of .
References
External links
A Better Stimpmeter And Calculator. CSG, Computer Support Group, Inc. and CSGNetwork.Com
How to build your own Stimpmeter
The Stimpmeter by the Rambling Man (with a picture)
Golf equipment | wiki |
How to Survive est un jeu vidéo de type action-RPG et survival horror développé par Eko Software et édité par 505 Games, sorti en 2013 sur Windows, Wii U, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360 et Xbox One.
Il a pour suite How to Survive 2.
Système de jeu
Accueil
Notes et références
Jeu vidéo sorti en 2013
Jeu Windows
Jeu Wii U
Jeu PlayStation 3
Jeu PlayStation 4
Jeu Xbox 360
Jeu Xbox One
Action-RPG
Survival horror
Jeu vidéo développé en France
Jeu vidéo de zombie
Jeu Eko Software
Jeu 505 Games
Jeu Nintendo eShop (Wii U)
Jeu Xbox Live Arcade
Jeu PlayStation Network | wiki |
Marital separation occurs when spouses in a marriage stop living together without getting divorced. Married couples may separate as an initial step in the divorce process or to gain perspective on the marriage and determine whether divorce is warranted. Other couples may separate as an alternative to divorce for economic or religious reasons, for tax purposes, or to ensure continuing retirement and/or health insurance benefits for both spouses. A separation can be initiated informally, or there can be a legal separation with a formal separation agreement filed with the court. As for a divorce, the latter may include provisions for alimony, whether to have sole custody or shared parenting of any children, and the amount of child support.
Separation to enhance a marriage
Although the emotional impact of separation is similar to that of divorce, some argue that a temporary separation may also occur to enhance the marriage as a tool to stay together. Some experts regard a six-month separation as good amount of time for a temporary separation, since it is long enough to set up a second household and gain perspective, but not long enough to seem permanent.
Ground for divorce
A separation may be unilaterally decided by one of the spouses moving away. Many U.S. state statutes, for example Virginia's, specify that being separated for a given period of time can be grounds for divorce.
See also
Divorce
Legal separation
References
Disrupted marriage | wiki |
"Best Day Ever" is an episode of the animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants.
Best Day Ever or The Best Day Ever may also refer to:
Best Day Ever (mixtape), a 2011 mixtape by Mac Miller
The Best Day Ever, a 2006 SpongeBob SquarePants album
Best Day Ever, a 2013 album by Rissi Palmer
"Best Day Ever", a song by Blondie from the 2017 album Pollinator
The Best Day Ever, an episode of the children's animated series Arthur
See also
"This Is the Best Day Ever", a song by My Chemical Romance from the album I Brought You My Bullets, You Brought Me Your Love | wiki |
General elections were held in Italy on 15 May 1921. It was the first election in which the recently acquired regions of Trentino-Alto Adige, Venezia Giulia, Zara and Lagosta island elected deputies, many of whom were from the Germanic and South Slavic ethnic groups.
Background
From 1919 to 1920, Italy was shocked by a period of intense social conflict following the First World War known as the Biennio Rosso (Red Biennium). The revolutionary period was followed by the violent reaction of the Fascist Blackshirt militia and eventually by the March on Rome of Benito Mussolini in 1922.
The Biennio Rosso took place in a context of economic crisis at the end of the war, with high unemployment and political instability. It was characterized by mass strikes, worker manifestations as well as self-management experiments through land and factories occupations. In Turin and Milan, workers councils were formed and many factory occupations took place under the leadership of anarcho-syndicalists. The agitations also extended to the agricultural areas of the Po Valley and were accompanied by peasant strikes, rural unrests and guerrilla conflicts between left-wing and right-wing militias.
In the general election of 1921, the Liberal governing coalition, strengthened by the joining of Fascist candidates in the National Bloc (33 of whom were elected deputies), came short of a majority. The Italian Socialist Party, weakened by the split of the Communist Party of Italy, lost many votes and seats, while the Italian People's Party was steady around 20%. The Socialists were stronger in Lombardy (41.9%), than in their historical strongholds of Piedmont (28.6%), Emilia-Romagna (33.4%) and Tuscany (31.0%), due to the presence of the Communists (11.9, 5.2 and 10.5%), while the Populars were confirmed the largest party of Veneto (36.5%) and the Liberal parties in most Southern regions.
Parties and leaders
Results
Deputies elected by region
References
General elections in Italy
Italy
General
Italy | wiki |
These are the lists of Eurovision Song Contest entries:
List of Eurovision Song Contest entries (1956–2003)
List of Eurovision Song Contest entries (2004–present)
See also
List of Junior Eurovision Song Contest entries
List of Eurovision Song Contest winners
entries
Lists of songs
Lists of singers | wiki |
See also
Tango music
Tango
Tango music | wiki |
Red Pop or red cream soda is a variant of cream soda that is traditionally flavored with strawberries.
Description
Major producers of Red Pop include Faygo/Shasta and Big Red. The brands do differ to some extent as to the character of their Red Pop. The Faygo Red Pop focuses more on the strawberry flavor, whereas Big Red's Red Pop includes a blend of several fruit flavors, including apple, cherry, and strawberry, with a focus on the cream soda aspect of the drink. Many people refer to the flavor as Red. The original was Faygo Pop Company.
History
Faygo introduced strawberry pop in its 1907 initial line up. In the 1960s, the name of the strawberry pop was officially changed to Red Pop. This is Faygo's top seller.
References
External links
Big Red Ltd
Faygo Inc.
Soft drinks | wiki |
"Him" is the sixth episode of the seventh and final season of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer.
Plot
Xander introduces a reluctant Spike to his new living environment: Xander's apartment. Buffy tries to convince an equally reluctant Xander that Spike needs their help and a place better than the school basement to live. Buffy and Dawn talk privately about Buffy's feelings for Spike and why she is helping him in light of the pain he has caused her. Dawn starts to rant about love and relationships and Buffy leaves so she can return to work. Dawn then sees an attractive jock named R.J. on the football field and falls in love with him.
Buffy fights with and kills a demon at Anya's apartment that was sent by D'Hoffryn. Anya thanks her, but does not want to appear weak. Buffy explains that the gang needs Anya's help and she wants to protect her friends, Anya included. At the high school, Dawn awkwardly tries to start a conversation with R.J., who is discussing cheerleader tryouts with another player, O'Donnell, and two cheerleaders. Later, Dawn tries out for the cheerleading team wearing Buffy's old cheerleading uniform, but she falls and makes a fool out of herself. At home that night, Dawn locks herself in the bathroom and cuts up the cheerleading uniform while Buffy tries to get her to come out.
Buffy tries to offer help and support, but considering Buffy's track record with guys, Dawn is not interested. The next day at school, Dawn overhears O'Donnell inform R.J. that he will not be starting quarterback for the game and she confronts O'Donnell. She yells at him at first, but then in a moment of anger, she shoves him and he falls down a flight of stairs. Dawn has a meeting with Principal Wood and Buffy about the incident and informs them that the jock just tripped and fell down the stairs. Buffy realizes though that Dawn may have been motivated by her love for R.J. and actually pushed O'Donnell down the stairs.
R.J. catches up with Dawn after her meeting and asks her out on a date. At the Bronze, the gang sit around and talk about Spike's progress at Xander's place as they are shocked to see R.J. dancing with a "slutty-looking" Dawn. Buffy confronts her sister about her clothes and behavior, but Dawn acts stubborn. Unable to get past Buffy to return to the dance floor, Dawn leaves and encounters one of the cheerleader girls in the alley. They begin to fight over R.J. and have to be broken up by Buffy.
After watching Wood lecture R.J. about not doing his own homework, Buffy attempts to lecture R.J. about the way he treats girls but, quickly, she finds herself falling in love with him. Buffy catches Dawn as she returns home that night and tells her about her meeting with R.J. Buffy offers encouragement to her sister by explaining that she has a chance with R.J. and that he really likes her.
At school the next day, Buffy pulls R.J. out of class and takes him to an empty room. While Dawn walks the halls searching for R.J., Buffy adoringly listens to R.J. talk about football and his troubles at school and then starts passionately kissing him just as Dawn peeks into the room. Dawn runs outside in tears and into Xander, who is surprised to find Buffy on top of R.J. and promptly takes her home for a much-needed intervention with the others. At the Summers house, that night, Buffy and Dawn fight about their love with R.J., while Xander, Willow and Anya try to keep the peace until they can reverse the love spell obviously affecting the sisters; Xander recalling an incident he had with a backfired love spell meant for Cordelia.
Willow searches for information on R.J. and instead finds information on R.J.'s older brother, Lance, who Xander remembers from high school. Xander and Spike go to find R.J.'s brother and despite his popular status at high school, he is not quite his attractive, popular self anymore. After some chatting, the guys realize that R.J.'s jacket has been handed down through the family. R.J. shows up at Buffy's house looking for her, but Willow and Anya tell him to leave. As R.J. walks away, Willow and Anya start to look at him lovingly and then argue about which of them he loves more. Buffy and Dawn jump into the fight, and soon Dawn is hurt and depressed that her friends and sister are taking her guy away, while the other three plot to win R.J. Buffy goes to kill Wood with her old rocket launcher, Willow works on a spell to make R.J. a woman, Anya takes off to rob banks and Dawn lays herself across the railroad tracks.
Xander stops Willow from completing her spell and then brings her along to stop Buffy from killing Wood. Spike tackles Buffy before she can kill the principal and confiscates the weapon from her. Using Willow's locator spell, they find Dawn on the railroad tracks just as a train is headed for her. Buffy jumps in and rescues her sister just before the train hits; scared at the thought of losing her sister, Buffy shows that the spell was not that strong, and admits that she is willing to give up R.J. if it means that much to Dawn. Finally, Xander and Spike jump R.J. on the street and steal his jacket, then burn it in the fireplace at the Summers home. All the girls feel terrible about the way they acted and the things they almost did. Willow questions what Anya did to prove her love to R.J.; Anya dodges the subject with a quick lie and turns off the radio as a news report is heard about a wanted bank robber on the loose.
References
External links
Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 7) episodes
2002 American television episodes | wiki |
"Conversations with Dead People" is the seventh episode of the seventh and final season of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. It is the only episode other than "Once More, with Feeling" where the title appears on screen.
Plot
Several encounters take place around Sunnydale on one night, which are told in real time. Uniquely among Buffy episodes, the main characters do not interact with one another. According to the staff writers, this was intended to enforce the idea of "being alone."
On patrol in the Sunnydale cemetery, Buffy encounters a newly-risen vampire. After a brief struggle, he abruptly stops, having recognized her as an old high school classmate. Buffy is surprised to discover that the vampire is Holden "Webs" Webster, a classmate that she barely remembers until he casually begins reminiscing. Webs, a psychology major in life, proceeds to psychoanalyze Buffy, and she opens up to him about her innermost conflicts and feelings of isolation. Webs offers several insights, including that Buffy's problems with commitment and frequent targeting of unavailable men stems from her damaged relationship with her father, and that her emotional distance to her friends results from the isolation she feels as the slayer. While the two sporadically interrupt their discussion with fighting, Buffy ultimately concludes that her only regret in opening up to Webs is that she will have to kill him in their battle. She slays him in the end, but not before he identifies Spike as the vampire who recently sired him, leaving her standing in shock.
Meanwhile, Dawn prepares for a night alone at home. An unnaturally loud banging sets her nerves on edge, the electronics begin to malfunction and the house suffers from heavy wind and earthquakes. Eventually, Dawn comes to believe that her mother is trying to contact her, and the malevolent force is working to prevent her. Dawn manages to exorcise the malevolent force and a vision of Joyce appears to warn her that she cannot trust Buffy.
In a story entirely devoid of dialogue, Spike picks up a woman at a bar, walks her home, and feeds on her, leaving her dead on her own doorstep.
Jonathan and Andrew return from Mexico after several months in hiding. Both are plagued by nightmares and hope to share discoveries about an artifact hidden near the Hellmouth to win favor with Buffy. However, Andrew is secretly in contact with what appears to be the ghost of Warren, while Jonathan is having a personal revelation that he misses high school and still cares for his old friends. After they dig up the artifact, Andrew, on Warren's instructions, insults and kills Jonathan, causing his blood to spill all over a "door" in the dirt.
In the library, Willow is visited by the ghost of Cassie, a girl Buffy once helped, who claims to have been sent by the dead Tara. The ghost relays Tara's message that Willow will end up killing everyone if she ever uses magic again, and recommends suicide as a solution. This tips Willow off that she has not been talking to Cassie, and she demands to know who the being really is. The being reveals itself as the First Evil and threatens Willow and all her friends before vanishing.
Production
The writing of this episode is credited to Jane Espenson and Drew Goddard. However, according to the commentary by Espenson and Goddard on the DVD, this episode actually had four distinct writers: Espenson wrote the Dawn scenes, Goddard wrote the Geek Trio scenes, Joss Whedon wrote the Buffy-Holden scenes, and Marti Noxon wrote the Willow-Cassie scenes. Since Whedon and Noxon were the executive producers of the show, they would often forgo formal credit for their contributions to various scripts. Whedon wanted Amber Benson to appear as Tara, taunting Willow instead of Cassie, but Benson chose not to appear, partly because she did not want Tara to appear as an evil character after her death.
Other storylines considered were for Eric Balfour, who played Jesse McNally in the pilot episode, "Welcome to the Hellmouth", to have conversed with Xander; and, according to Drew Goddard on the "Selfless" DVD commentary, for Kali Rocha (Halfrek) to return and haunt Anya, but she was unavailable. As a result of the omitted storylines, this is the only episode of the series in which Xander does not appear. On the DVD commentary for the show, Jane Espenson revealed that the image of Joyce is the First. In the original draft of the script, Dawn was going to try to raise her mother. When Joyce appeared, she was to say, "They said I couldn't bring someone back." To which The First/Joyce would reply: "Maybe I'm the First."
Reception
This episode was awarded the 2003 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form. The Futon Critic named it the 42nd best episode of 2002, saying it was "Heartbreaking and deliciously evil at the same time—that's Buffy at its best for sure."
References
External links
Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 7) episodes
Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form-winning works
2002 American television episodes
Television episodes written by Jane Espenson
Television episodes written by Drew Goddard | wiki |
A tux is a type of formal dress.
Tux or TUX may also refer to:
Arts and entertainment
Tux (band), a Hong Kong alternative rock band
Tux, a minor character from Super Mario 64
Tux the Penguin, an animated character from Out of Jimmy's Head
Computing
Tux (mascot), the Linux mascot
TUX web server, an in-kernel Web server for Linux
Places
Tux, Tyrol, Austria
Tumbler Ridge Airport, Canada (by IATA code)
Other uses
MW Tux, a chain of clothing stores
Tux Cattle, an Austrian cattle breed
See also
Tuck (disambiguation)
Tuxedo (disambiguation) | wiki |
Crisper or Crispers may refer to:
Crisper drawer, or crisper, a compartment in a refrigerator
Crispers (snack food), a snack food by Nabisco
Crispers (restaurant), a fast-casual restaurant chain in Florida, U.S.
See also
Crisp (disambiguation)
CRISPR, a family of DNA sequences
CRISPR gene editing | wiki |
Dvinosauroidea is a superfamily of dvinosaurian temnospondyls that lived during the Late Carboniferous period.
Gallery
References
Dvinosaurs | wiki |
"Two to Go" is the 21st episode of season 6 of the television show Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The name of the episode is a reference to the previous one, which ends with Willow saying "One down" after killing Warren. Despite the death of Tara Maclay, she remains in brief scenes that are part of the opening credits.
This episode, and its second part, "Grave", were shown, back-to-back, as a two-hour feature on its original airing in both the United States and UK – consequently, the presentation of this episode on DVD includes credits such as "Grave" Written by...
Joss Whedon wanted to keep Anthony Stewart Head's appearance in this episode a surprise, and thus left him off of the main cast list; Head is listed as a 'special guest' in the closing credits. Whedon also does this in Angel for Julie Benz in "To Shanshu in L.A.", Eliza Dushku in "Judgment", Juliet Landau in "The Trial" and Alyson Hannigan in "There's No Place Like Plrtz Glrb".
Plot
While Spike continues to pass trials in his quest in Africa, Buffy, Xander, and Anya try to pursue Willow, who has killed Warren to avenge his murder of Tara and now plans to execute his two jailed accomplices. They discover that Willow has damaged Xander's car to prevent them from catching her. Buffy continues her pursuit on foot.
Anya teleports into Jonathan and Andrew's cell shortly before Willow arrives. Anya and Buffy manage to evade Willow's attack and slip away with the two men. As Xander drives them away in a stolen police cruiser, Willow attacks them with a truck she is wielding magically; but her overuse of magic has drained her power, and they escape.
Dawn and Clem decide to go to the dark magician Rack's lair, expecting Willow to try to deal with him to recharge her powers. Buffy, Xander and Anya regroup at the Magic Box and debate their course of action. Buffy believes she can convince Willow to relent, but the others disagree; Buffy heads for Rack's, alone. Xander admits to Anya that he might have been able to stop Warren before he fired on Buffy and Tara, but was afraid to intervene, unarmed.
Willow meets with Rack, who attempts to seduce her. She rejects his advances, drains his power and kills him, just as Dawn arrives. Dawn's effort to calm the much more powerful Willow prove futile and serve only to annoy her, but Buffy arrives before she acts against Dawn. Buffy tries to talk with Willow, who replies that nothing in the world matters anymore since Tara's death. Willow teleports the group back to the Magic Shop, where Buffy and Dawn collapse. As Willow attacks, Anya fires up a protection spell to shield Jonathan and Andrew. As Willow intensifies her attack, Buffy tries a physical attack, allowing all but Anya to escape.
Willow subdues Buffy, then disables Anya and negates her protection spells. As she declares her victory, she is struck down by a bolt of energy from an arriving Giles.
References
External links
Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 6) episodes
2002 American television episodes
Television episodes about revenge | wiki |
A personal assistant, also referred to as personal aide (PA) or personal secretary (PS), is a job title describing a person who assists a specific person with their daily business or personal task. It is a sub-specialty of secretarial duties.
Duties, responsibilities and functions
An assistant helps with time and daily management, of meetings, correspondence, and note-taking. The role of a personal assistant can be varied, such as answering phone calls, taking notes, scheduling meetings, emailing, texts, etc.
In business or personal contexts, assistants are people who provide services that relieve his or her employer from the stress of tasks that are associated with managing one's personal and/or business life. They assist with a variety of life management tasks, including running errands, arranging travel (e.g., travel agent services such as purchasing airline tickets, reserving hotel rooms and rental cars, and arranging activities, as well as handling more localized services such as recommending a different route to work based on road or travel conditions), finance (paying bills, buying and selling stocks), and shopping (meal planning, remembering special occasions like birthdays).
An Assistant often acts as the manager's first point of contact with people from both inside and outside the organization. This means that his/her tasks and skills can often be divided into two fields: technical skills, and personal skills.
Tasks may include but are not limited to:
devising and maintaining office systems, including data management and filing;
arranging travel, visas and accommodation and, occasionally, traveling with the manager to take notes or dictation at meetings or to provide general assistance during presentations;
screening phone calls, inquiries and requests, and handling them when appropriate;
meeting and greeting visitors at all levels of seniority;
organizing and maintaining diaries and making appointments;
dealing with incoming email, faxes and post, often corresponding on behalf of the manager;
taking dictation and minutes;
carrying out background research and presenting findings;
producing documents, briefing papers, reports and presentations;
organizing and attending meetings and ensuring the manager is well prepared for meetings;
liaising with clients, suppliers and other staff.
In addition to supporting managers, their team and departments, many PA's also have their own personal workload and responsibilities. The scope of the PA's role can be extensive and additional duties may include:
carrying out specific projects and research;
responsibility for accounts and budgets;
taking on some of the manager's responsibilities and working more closely with management;
deputizing for the manager, making decisions and delegating work to others in the manager's absence;
being involved in decision-making processes.
See also
Au pair
Manager (disambiguation), title of some similar professions, especially in politics and entertainment
Body man, U.S. political jargon for a personal assistant to a politician or political candidate
References
Office and administrative support occupations
Assistance | wiki |
Lord Nelson class may refer to:
SR Lord Nelson-class steam locomotive | wiki |
A minute is a unit of time in a basketball game. Technically, just a minimum of one second in silo (1-59) would count as one minute of playing time. There are forty-eight minutes in each NBA basketball game, excluding overtime. As five people from one team will be on the court at any given time, a total of 240 minutes can be distributed in regulation among a team in an NBA basketball game.
For players, the total number of minutes played in a season—and the average number of minutes played per game—are both tracked as statistics.
Leaders
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar is the all-time leader in minutes played with 57,446. Karl Malone (54,852), Dirk Nowitzki (51,368), LeBron James (active), Kevin Garnett (50,418), Jason Kidd (50,111), and Elvin Hayes (50,000) are the only other players with 50,000 or more minutes played in a career. Most of Abdul-Jabbar and Hayes's minutes can largely be attributed to the amount of playing time that star players had in the late 1960s and early-to-mid 1970s. Abdul-Jabbar played 40 or more minutes per game from the to the , while Hayes played 40 or more minutes per game from the to the and from the to the .
Wilt Chamberlain holds the record for most minutes played in the NBA in one season with 3,882, set in the .
References
Basketball statistics | wiki |
A coa de jima or coa ("hoe for harvesting", "hoe") is a specialized tool for harvesting agaves.
It is a long, machete-like round-ended knife on a long wooden handle used by a jimador to cut the leaves off an agave being harvested and to cut the agave from its roots. The core (or "heart") left, called piña ("pineapple"), is used for the production of mezcal, sotol or tequila.
The shape of the coa is adapted for the efficiency of carrying out these operations.
References
Machetes
Gardening tools | wiki |
This is a list of network games on the Xbox video game console. It includes Online Multiplayer titles as well as System link enabled games, which can be played by connecting multiple Xbox systems together locally.
After Microsoft's termination of the original Xbox Live service on April 15, 2010, the majority of the game titles remain virtually playable, but their online connectivity and functionality are rendered defunct, even after some of them were re-released digitally. However, services run by fans, such as Insignia, allow players to continue to play Xbox Live titles online.
Network Features
Basic Features
Online Multiplayer: Create, join, and spectate matches with other players.
Content Download: Additional updates, maps, missions, modes, or characters are available to download via Xbox Live.
Scoreboards: Measure your performance against other players with global leaderboards.
Friends: View, invite, and manage your list of Xbox Live friends.
Voice: Communicate with other players using in-game voice chat.
System Link: Connect multiple Xbox consoles together to play over a local network connection.
Additional Features
Clans: Create organised player groups in-game, with a clan tag for easy identification.
Competitions: Join and create tournaments directly through the in-game Xbox Live menu.
Xbox Live Aware: Receive invitations and view Xbox Live friends, even when playing single player modes.
XSN: Xbox Sports Network, a service for Microsoft-developed sports titles that allows for web-based player tournaments and stats.
Released Games
Unreleased games
See also
List of Xbox games
Xbox network games | wiki |
Bukchon Hanok Village is a Korean traditional village in Seoul with a long history located on the top of a hill between Gyeongbok Palace, Changdeok Palace and Jongmyo Royal Shrine. The traditional village is composed of many alleys, hanok and is preserved to show a 600-year-old urban environment.
History
The area of Bukchon, which consists of neighborhoods: Wonseo-dong, Jae-dong, Gye-dong, Gahoe-dong and Insa-dong, was traditionally the residential quarter of high-ranking government officials and nobility during the Joseon Dynasty. It is located north of Cheonggye Stream and Jongno, hence named Bukchon, which means north village
Tourism
A poll of nearly 2,000 foreign visitors, conducted by the Seoul Metropolitan Government in November 2011, stated that exploring the narrow streets of Bukchon was their fourth favorite activity in Seoul.
According to data by the Bukchon Traditional Culture Center, 30,000 people visited the area in 2007. However, after the village was featured in television programmes, such as 1 Night 2 Days and Personal Taste, the number rose to 318,000 in 2010. In 2012 the figure is expected to double to more than 600,000.
A large beautiful hanok has open to the public in 2015, as part of the Seoul Museum of History. It is located in an alley, just on the foot of the hill. Entrance is free, the visit allows to see those traditional housing in 15–20 minutes.
If you want to get to Bukchon Hanok Village it is close to Samcheongdong street and located between the Gyeongbokgung Palace and Changdeokgung Palace. You can get to the Bukchon Hanok Village in Seoul by taking the subway to the Anguk Station (Seoul Subway Line 3). Take exit 3 and head to your right. After about 200 meters you will see large information signs that begin the Bukchon Village Walking Tour. In this Hanok Village there is a free walking tour is about 2–3 hours long taking you to multiple destinations will you collect stamps from each of them and at the end you can get a keychain at the end. The village is the home to Bukchon Traditional Culture Center, Seoul Intangible Cultural Heritage Center, Donglim Knot Museum, Gahoe Museum, Han Sangsu Embroidery Museum, Bukchon Asian Art Museum, and Owl Museum. Sll place to you should make sure to visit on your trip to Korea. In Bukchon that has over 600 years of history surrounding it many of these hanoks operate as cultural centers, guesthouses, restaurants, and tea houses, providing visitors with an opportunity to experience, learn and immerse themselves in traditional Korean culture. They have very picturesque locations and beautiful architecture that you no longer seen in modern-day society. Overall the villages are amazing locations that everyone should see and enjoy. Many tourists come here for photo opportunities and to immerse themselves in the history that is now surrounded by the modern Korea. You can make a guided tour reservation to help you go around the trail. There are tons if things to do while you are there. Recently in 2018 because of so many tourists visiting the area they have changed the hours of when people may visit from 9-5 Monday-Saturday and Sundays is now closed off to nonresidents. Currently there is an issue with tourists making trouble for the residents that live there; one resident even being yelled at for driving their car on its narrow roads. Residents who live there are not very happy that their resident environment is being taken over by an overwhelming number of tourists taking photos all the time. This village averages about 10,000 visitors a day. Because of the tourists the number of residents fell from over 9000 to 7530; they say the tourists are driving the residents out of the neighborhood.
Some tourists compare Bukchon Hanok Village to a typical town in Switzerland, or Gatlinburg, Tennessee, or Galena, Illinois in the United States.
Gallery
Media
KBS《Documentary 3 days - Morning at Bukchon》(June 27, 2009)
KBS《1 Night 2 Days() - Seoul special》 (September 26, 2010)
See also
Namsangol Hanok Village
Korean Folk Village
Hahoe Folk Village
Yangdong Village of Gyeongju
Jeonju Hanok Village
Rakkojae
References
External links
Bukchon Hanok Village - Seoul's official site
Bukchon (Jongno-gu)
Gallery of Buchon Hanok Village
Gahoe-dong Hanok Village at the Women Dong-a
Rakkojae Seoul Hanok Hotel
A detailed guide to Bukchon Hanok Village
Folk villages in South Korea
Neighbourhoods of Jongno-gu
Joseon dynasty
Architecture in Korea
Tourist attractions in Seoul
Korean traditions | wiki |
Mucormycosis, also known as black fungus, is a serious fungal infection that comes under fulminant fungal sinusitis, usually in people who are immunocompromised. It is curable only when diagnosed early. Symptoms depend on where in the body the infection occurs. It most commonly infects the nose, sinuses, eyes and brain resulting in a runny nose, one-sided facial swelling and pain, headache, fever, blurred vision, bulging or displacement of the eye (proptosis), and tissue death. Other forms of disease may infect the lungs, stomach and intestines, and skin.
It is spread by spores of molds of the order Mucorales, most often through inhalation, contaminated food, or contamination of open wounds. These fungi are common in soils, decomposing organic matter (such as rotting fruit and vegetables), and animal manure, but usually do not affect people. It is not transmitted between people. Risk factors include diabetes with persistently high blood sugar levels or diabetic ketoacidosis, low white blood cells, cancer, organ transplant, iron overload, kidney problems, long-term steroids or use of immunosuppressants, and to a lesser extent in HIV/AIDS.
Diagnosis is by biopsy and culture, with medical imaging to help determine the extent of disease. It may appear similar to aspergillosis. Treatment is generally with amphotericin B and surgical debridement. Preventive measures include wearing a face mask in dusty areas, avoiding contact with water-damaged buildings, and protecting the skin from exposure to soil such as when gardening or certain outdoor work. It tends to progress rapidly and is fatal in about half of sinus cases and almost all cases of the widespread type.
Mucormycosis is usually rare, affecting fewer than 2 people per million people each year in San Francisco, but is now ~80 times more common in India. People of any age may be affected, including premature infants. The first known case of mucormycosis was possibly the one described by Friedrich Küchenmeister in 1855. The disease has been reported in natural disasters; 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the 2011 Missouri tornado. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an association between mucormycosis and COVID-19 has been reported. This association is thought to relate to reduced immune function during the course of the illness and may also be related to glucocorticoid therapy for COVID-19. A rise in cases was particularly noted in India.
Classification
Generally, mucormycosis is classified into five main types according to the part of the body affected. A sixth type has been described as mucormycosis of the kidney, or miscellaneous, i.e., mucormycosis at other sites, although less commonly affected.
Sinuses and brain (rhinocerebral); most common in people with poorly controlled diabetes and in people who have had a kidney transplant.
Lungs (pulmonary); the most common type of mucormycosis in people with cancer and in people who have had an organ transplant or a stem cell transplant.
Stomach and intestine (gastrointestinal); more common among young, premature, and low birth weight infants, who have had antibiotics, surgery, or medications that lower the body's ability to fight infection.
Skin (cutaneous); after a burn, or other skin injury, in people with leukaemia, poorly controlled diabetes, graft-versus-host disease, HIV and intravenous drug use.
Widespread (disseminated); when the infection spreads to other organs via the blood.
Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms of mucormycosis depend on the location in the body of the infection. Infection usually begins in the mouth or nose and enters the central nervous system via the eyes.
If the fungal infection begins in the nose or sinus and extends to brain, symptoms and signs may include one-sided eye pain or headache, and may be accompanied by pain in the face, numbness, fever, loss of smell, a blocked nose or runny nose. The person may appear to have sinusitis. The face may look swollen on one side, with rapidly progressing "black lesions" across the nose or upper inside of mouth. One eye may look swollen and bulging, and vision may be blurred.
Fever, cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing, or coughing up blood, can occur when the lungs are involved. A stomach ache, nausea, vomiting and bleeding can occur when the gastrointestinal tract is involved. Affected skin may appear as a dusky reddish tender patch with a darkening centre due to tissue death. There may be an ulcer, and it can be very painful.
Invasion of the blood vessels can result in thrombosis and subsequent death of surrounding tissue due to a loss of blood supply. Widespread (disseminated) mucormycosis typically occurs in people who are already sick from other medical conditions, so it can be difficult to know which symptoms are related to mucormycosis. People with disseminated infection in the brain can develop changes in mental status or lapse into a coma.
Cause
Mucormycosis is a fungal infection caused by fungi in the order Mucorales. In most cases it is due to an invasion of the genera Rhizopus and Mucor, common bread molds. Most fatal infections are caused by Rhizopus oryzae. It is less likely due to Lichtheimia, and rarely due to Apophysomyces. Others include Cunninghamella, Mortierella, and Saksenaea.
The fungal spores are present in the environment, can be found on items such as moldy bread and fruit, and are breathed in frequently, but cause disease only in some people. In addition to being breathed in and deposited in the nose, sinuses, and lungs, the spores can also enter the skin via blood or directly through a cut or open wound, and can also grow in the intestine if eaten. Once deposited, the fungus grows branch-like filaments which invade blood vessels, causing clots to form and surrounding tissues to die. Other reported causes include contaminated wound dressings. Mucormycosis has been reported following the use of elastoplast and the use of tongue depressors for holding in place intravenous catheters. Outbreaks have also been linked to hospital bed sheets, negative-pressure rooms, water leaks, poor ventilation, contaminated medical equipment, and building works.
Risk factors
Predisposing factors for mucormycosis include immune deficiencies, a low neutrophil count, and metabolic acidosis. Risk factors include poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (particularly DKA), organ transplant, iron overload, such cancers as lymphomas, kidney failure, liver disease, severe malnutrition, and long term corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy. Other risk factors include tuberculosis (TB), deferoxamine and to a lesser extent HIV/AIDS. Cases of mucormycosis in fit and healthy people are less common.
Corticosteroids are commonly used in the treatment of COVID-19 and reduce damage caused by the body's own immune response to the virus. They are immunosuppressant and increase blood sugar levels in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. It is thought that both these effects may contribute to cases of mucormycosis.
Mechanism
Most people are frequently exposed to Mucorales without developing the disease. Mucormycosis is generally spread by breathing in, eating food contaminated by, or getting spores of molds of the Mucorales type in an open wound. It is not transmitted between people.
The precise mechanism by which diabetics become susceptible is unclear. In vivo, a high sugar level alone does not permit the growth of the fungus, but acidosis alone does. People with high sugar levels frequently have high iron levels, also known to be a risk factor for developing mucormycosis. In people taking deferoxamine, the iron removed is captured by siderophores on Rhizopus species, which then use the iron to grow.
Diagnosis
There is no blood test that can confirm the diagnosis. Diagnosis requires identifying the mold in the affected tissue by biopsy and confirming it with a fungal culture. Because the causative fungi occur all around and may therefore contaminate cultures underway, a culture alone is not decisive. Tests may also include culture and direct detection of the fungus in lung fluid, blood, serum, plasma and urine. Blood tests include a complete blood count to look specifically for neutropenia. Other blood tests include iron levels, blood glucose, bicarbonate, and electrolytes. Endoscopic examination of the nasal passages may be needed.
Imaging
Imaging is often performed, such as CT scan of lungs and sinuses. Signs on chest CT scans, such as nodules, cavities, halo signs, pleural effusion and wedge-shaped shadows, showing invasion of blood vessels, may suggest a fungal infection, but do not confirm mucormycosis. A reverse halo sign in a person with a blood cancer and low neutrophil count is highly suggestive of mucormycosis. CT scan images of mucormycosis can be useful to distinguish mucormycosis of the orbit and cellulitis of the orbit, but images may appear identical to those of aspergillosis. MRI may also be useful. Currently, MRI with gadolinium contrast is the investigation of choice in rhinoorbito-cerebral mucormycosis.
Culture and biopsy
To confirm the diagnosis, biopsy samples can be cultured. Culture from biopsy samples does not always give a result as the organism is very fragile. To precisely identify the species requires an expert. The appearance of the fungus under the microscope will determine the genus and species. The appearances can vary but generally show wide, ribbon-like filaments that generally do not have septa and that—unlike in aspergillosis—branch at right angles, resembling antlers of a moose, which may be seen to be invading blood vessels.
Other
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization may be used to identify the species. A blood sample from an artery may be useful to assess for metabolic acidosis.
Differential diagnosis
Other filamentous fungi may however look similar. It may be difficult to differentiate from aspergillosis. Other possible diagnoses include anthrax, cellulitis, bowel obstruction, ecthyma gangrenosum, lung cancer, clot in lungs, sinusitis, tuberculosis and fusariosis.
Prevention
Preventive measures include wearing a face mask in dusty areas, washing hands, avoiding direct contact with water-damaged buildings, and protecting skin, feet, and hands where there is exposure to soil or manure, such as gardening or certain outdoor work. In high risk groups, such as organ transplant patients, antifungal drugs may be given as a preventative.
Treatment
Treatment involves a combination of antifungal drugs, surgically removing infecting tissue and correcting underlying medical problems, such as diabetic ketoacidosis.
Medication
Once mucormycosis is suspected, amphotericin B at an initial dose of 1 mg is initially given slowly over 10–15 minutes into a vein, then given as a once daily dose according to body weight for the next 14 days. It may need to be continued for longer. Isavuconazole and Posaconazole are alternatives.
Surgery
Surgery can be very drastic, and, in some cases of disease involving the nasal cavity and the brain, removal of infected brain tissue may be required. Removal of the palate, nasal cavity, or eye structures can be very disfiguring. Sometimes more than one operation is required.
Other considerations
The disease must be monitored carefully for any signs of reemergence. Treatment also requires correcting sugar levels and improving neutrophil counts. Hyperbaric oxygen may be considered as an adjunctive therapy, because higher oxygen pressure increases the ability of neutrophils to kill the fungus. The efficacy of this therapy is uncertain.
Prognosis
It tends to progress rapidly and is fatal in about half of sinus cases, two thirds of lung cases, and almost all cases of the widespread type. Skin involvement carries the lowest mortality rate of around 15%. Possible complications of mucormycosis include the partial loss of neurological function, blindness, and clotting of blood vessels in the brain or lung.
As treatment usually requires extensive and often disfiguring facial surgery, the effect on life after surviving, particularly sinus and brain involvement, is significant.
Epidemiology
The true incidence and prevalence of mucormycosis may be higher than appears. Mucormycosis is rare, affecting fewer than 1.7 people per million population each year in San Francisco. It is around 80 times more prevalent in India, where it is estimated that there are around 0.14 cases per 1000 population, and where its incidence has been rising. Causative fungi are highly dependent on location. Apophysomyces variabilis has its highest prevalence in Asia and Lichtheimia spp. in Europe. It is the third most common serious fungal infection to infect people, after aspergillosis and candidiasis.
Diabetes is the main underlying disease in low and middle-income countries, whereas, blood cancers and organ transplantation are the more common underlying problems in developed countries. As new immunomodulating drugs and diagnostic tests are developed, the statistics for mucormycosis have been changing. In addition, the figures change as new genera and species are identified, and new risk factors reported such as tuberculosis and kidney problems.
COVID-19–associated mucormycosis
During the COVID-19 pandemic in India, the Indian government reported that more than 11,700 people were receiving care for mucormycosis as of 25 May 2021. Many Indian media outlets called it "black fungus" because of the black discoloration of dead and dying tissue the fungus causes. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, rates of mucormycosis in India were estimated to be about 70 times higher than in the rest of the world. Due to its rapidly growing number of cases some Indian state governments have declared it an epidemic. One treatment was a daily injection for eight weeks of anti-fungal intravenous injection of amphotericin B which was in short supply. The injection could be standard amphotericin B deoxycholate or the liposomal form. The liposomal form cost more but it was considered "safer, more effective and [with] lesser side effects".§ The major obstacle of using antifungal drugs in black fungus is the lack of clinical trials.
Recurrence of mucormycosis during COVID-19 second wave in India
Pre-COVID mucormycosis was a very rare infection, even in India. It is so rare that an ENT (ear, nose, throat) doctor would not witness often a case during their university time. So, the documentation available on the treatment of mucormycosis is limited. In fact, there used to be a couple of mucormycosis expert ENT surgeons for millions of people pre-pandemic. The sudden rise in mucormycosis cases has left a majority of the ENT doctors with no option but to accept mucormycosis cases, as the expert doctors were very much occupied and the patient would die if left untreated. The majority of the ENT doctors had to manage with minimal or no experience on mucormycosis, this has led to the recurrence of mucormycosis in the patients they treated. When a highly experienced doctor in mucormycosis treats a patient even he cannot guarantee that the individual is completely cured and will not have a relapse of mucormycosis; an inexperienced ENT surgeon will definitely have a high number of patients with recurrence due to which there were many recurrent cases of mucormycosis although it did not get the limelight of media or the Indian Government.
History
The first case of mucormycosis was possibly one described by Friedrich Küchenmeister in 1855. Fürbringer first described the disease in the lungs in 1876. In 1884, Lichtheim established the development of the disease in rabbits and described two species; Mucor corymbifera and Mucor rhizopodiformis, later known as Lichtheimia and Rhizopus, respectively. In 1943, its association with poorly controlled diabetes was reported in three cases with severe sinus, brain and eye involvement.
In 1953, Saksenaea vasiformis, found to cause several cases, was isolated from Indian forest soil, and in 1979, P. C. Misra examined soil from an Indian mango orchard, from where they isolated Apophysomyces, later found to be a major cause of mucormycosis. Several species of mucorales have since been described. When cases were reported in the United States in the mid-1950s, the author thought it to be a new disease resulting from the use of antibiotics, ACTH and steroids. Until the latter half of the 20th century, the only available treatment was potassium iodide. In a review of cases involving the lungs diagnosed following flexible bronchoscopy between 1970 and 2000, survival was found to be better in those who received combined surgery and medical treatment, mostly with amphotericin B.
Naming
Arnold Paltauf coined the term "Mycosis Mucorina" in 1885, after describing a case with systemic symptoms involving the sinus, brain and gastrointestinal tract, following which the term "mucormycosis" became popular. "Mucormycosis" is often used interchangeably with "zygomycosis", a term made obsolete following changes in classification of the kingdom Fungi. The former phylum Zygomycota included Mucorales, Entomophthorales, and others. Mucormycosis describes infections caused by fungi of the order Mucorales.
COVID-19–associated mucormycosis
COVID-19 associated mucormycosis cases were reported during first and second(delta) wave, with maximum number of cases in delta wave. There were no cases reported during the Omicron wave. A number of cases of mucormycosis, aspergillosis, and candidiasis, linked to immunosuppressive treatment for COVID-19 were reported during the COVID-19 pandemic in India in 2020 and 2021. One review in early 2021 relating to the association of mucormycosis and COVID-19 reported eight cases of mucormycosis; three from the U.S., two from India, and one case each from Brazil, Italy, and the UK. The most common underlying medical condition was diabetes. Most had been in hospital with severe breathing problems due to COVID-19, had recovered, and developed mucormycosis 10–14 days following treatment for COVID-19. Five had abnormal kidney function tests, three involved the sinus, eye and brain, three the lungs, one the gastrointestinal tract, and in one the disease was widespread. In two of the seven deaths, the diagnosis of mucormycosis was made at postmortem. That three had no traditional risk factors led the authors to question the use of steroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Although, there were cases without diabetes or use of immunosuppressive drugs. There were cases reported even in children. In May 2021, the BBC reported increased cases in India. In a review of COVID-19-related eye problems, mucormycosis affecting the eyes was reported to occur up to several weeks following recovery from COVID-19. It was observed that people with COVID-19 were recovering from mucormycosis a bit easily when compared to non-COVID-19 patients. This is because unlike non-COVID-19 patients with severe diabetes, cancer or HIV, the recovery time required for the main cause of immune suppression is temporary.
Other countries affected included Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Russia, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile, Egypt, Iran, Brazil, Iraq, Mexico, Honduras, Argentina Oman, and Afghanistan. One explanation for why the association has surfaced remarkably in India is high rates of COVID-19 infection and high rates of diabetes. In May 2021, the Indian Council of Medical Research issued guidelines for recognising and treating COVID-19–associated mucormycosis. In India, as of 28 June 2021, over 40,845 people have been confirmed to have mucormycosis, and 3,129 have died. From these cases, 85.5% (34,940) had a history of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 and 52.69% (21,523) were on steroids, also 64.11% (26,187) had diabetes.
Society and culture
The disease has been reported in natural disasters and catastrophes; 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the 2011 Missouri tornado. The first international congress on mucormycosis was held in Chicago in 2010, set up by the Hank Schueuler 41 & 9 Foundation, which was established in 2008 for the research of children with leukaemia and fungal infections. A cluster of infections occurred in the wake of the 2011 Joplin tornado. By July 19, 2011, a total of 18 suspected cases of mucormycosis of the skin had been identified, of which 13 were confirmed. A confirmed case was defined as 1) necrotizing soft-tissue infection requiring antifungal treatment or surgical debridement in a person injured in the tornado, 2) with illness onset on or after May 22 and 3) positive fungal culture or histopathology and genetic sequencing consistent with a mucormycete. No additional cases related to that outbreak were reported after June 17. Ten people required admission to an intensive-care unit, and five died.
In 2014, details of a lethal mucormycosis outbreak that occurred in 2008 emerged after television and newspaper reports responded to an article in a pediatric medical journal. Contaminated hospital linen was found to be spreading the infection. A 2018 study found many freshly laundered hospital linens delivered to U.S. transplant hospitals were contaminated with Mucorales. Another study attributed an outbreak of hospital-acquired mucormycosis to a laundry facility supplying linens contaminated with Mucorales. The outbreak stopped when major changes were made at the laundry facility. The authors raised concerns on the regulation of healthcare linens.
Other animals
Mucormycosis in other animals is similar, in terms of frequency and types, to that in people. Cases have been described in cats, dogs, cows, horses, dolphins, bison, and seals.
References
Further reading
External links
Mycosis-related cutaneous conditions
Rare diseases
Rare infectious diseases
Fungal diseases | wiki |
A.L. Gebhardt & Co. was a leather tanning company founded in 1895. It operated in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Berlin, Germany It produced leather for shoes, handbags and belts. It was owned by U.S. Leather in the late 1980s. Operations were ceased by U.S. Leather in 2000.
References
1895 establishments in Wisconsin
2000 disestablishments in Wisconsin
Defunct leather manufacturers
Manufacturing companies based in Milwaukee
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 2000
Manufacturing companies established in 1895
Defunct companies based in Wisconsin
Manufacturing companies based in Wisconsin | wiki |
Loxwood is an electoral ward of Chichester District, West Sussex, England and returns two members to sit on Chichester District Council.
Following a district boundary review, Loxwood was created from the Petworth, Plaistow and Wisborough Green wards in 2019.
Councillors
Election results
* Elected
Notes
Defected to the Greens on 30 July 2019.
References
External links
Chichester District Council
Election Maps
Wards of Chichester District | wiki |
Kadhal Seiya Virumbu () is a 2005 Indian Tamil language romantic drama film directed by Ravi Bhargavan. The film stars Santhosh, Srisha and Ashwini, with Karunas, Vaiyapuri, Manivannan, Ravikumar, Chithra and Bharathi playing supporting roles. The film, produced by Salai Maitri, was released in May 2005. The film was dubbed in Telugu as Preminchaka.
Plot
For misinterpreting a friendly relationship with a girl to be a love affair, the college student Santhosh (Santhosh) gets a punishment from the court: to read Mahatma Gandhi's autobiography for a week in the Mother Teresa's library.
A few months later, Santhosh joins a college in Chennai. Nithika (Srisha), a studious student and a social worker, is attracted by his attitude and she falls in love with him. Santhosh likes her too but he has only one thing in mind: having sex with her. They fall in love with each other and start dating each other. One day, Santhosh tries to have sex with Nithika in his home but Nithika, who strongly believes that premarital sex is taboo, insults him and runs away.
A few months ago, Santhosh was a dedicated student in Coimbatore, he had the ambition to study aeronautics and to become a pilot. He and his collegemate Subha (Ashwini) fell in love with each other. One day, Subha wanted to have sex with him but he refused. He explained to her that love should be pure and sex should be only after the marriage. For his love, he made several sacrifices including not going to an aeronautics training. Thereafter, Subha announced to him that she will marry a wealthy NRI and explained that their love wasn't strong enough (because they didn't have sexual intercourse). He created a ruckus at the registrar's office and Subha lied by saying that they were just friends. The police then arrested Santhosh hence the punishment to read Mahatma Gandhi's autobiography.
Back to the present, Santhosh tries to reconcile with Nithika but she tells him that he is "unfit" for love. Santhosh then meets Subha, she tells him that her husband divorced her when she got breast cancer. She apologizes to him for her mistakes and she is now working in an ashram. Santhosh and Nithika finally understand their feelings, and they make up after their quarrel.
Cast
Santhosh as Santhosh
Srisha as Nithika
Ashwini (Aswitha) as Subha
Karunas as Odibaba Ulaganathan
Vaiyapuri as Dharma
Manivannan as Nithika's father
Ravikumar as Santhosh's father
Chithra as Nithika's mother
Bharathi as Santhosh's mother
Sangeetha Balan as Flower seller
Sabitha
Sundari
Baby Shathiga as Sowmya
Balu Anand as Traffic police Palanisamy
Muthukaalai as Mechanic
Bava Lakshmanan as Pongal Perumal
Ravi Shanth as Dharman
Nakkheeran as Nakkheeran
Bayilvan Ranganathan
Omakuchi Narasimhan
Rajkrishnan
Theni Murugan
Vijay Ganesh as Tea master
Suja Varunee in a special appearance
Production
Ravi Bhargavan who made his directorial debut with Well Done (2003), returned with Kadhal Seiya Virumbu under the banner of Vision 21 Creative Team Works. Newcomer Santhosh signed to play the hero while Srisha had been signed to play the female lead. Srisha, known as Damini in Kannada cinema, made her debut as heroine in Upendra (1999). Ashwini who was credited as Aswitha in this film was selected to play the second heroine.
Soundtrack
The film score and the soundtrack were composed by G. Ram. The soundtrack features 5 tracks.
Reception
Sify described it as "a crass film which depends mainly on its heroine Srisha's anatomy and can be classified as a soft-porn movie" and concluded, "the message from the film is regressive". A reviewer wrote, "to drive home the point that premarital sex is wrong, the director bores you to tears" and added, "Music by G. Ram and cinematography by Salai Sahadevan is the only saving grace of the film". Another critic called the film "average" and praised the music.
References
2005 films
2000s Tamil-language films
2000s erotic drama films
2005 romantic drama films
Indian erotic romance films
Indian erotic drama films
Indian romantic drama films | wiki |
Ladies singles or Women's singles may refer to:
Individual female players competing one-on-one in some sports including:
tennis
badminton
pickleball
squash
table tennis
professional wrestling
match play in golf
Single skating for ladies
See also
Singles (disambiguation)
Single (disambiguation)
Lady (disambiguation)
Single Ladies (disambiguation) | wiki |
This is a list of the tallest players in National Basketball Association history. It is currently topped by the Romanian Gheorghe Mureșan, taken by the Washington Bullets as the number 30 overall pick in the 1993 NBA draft.
In 2019, twenty-six players were listed at or taller. However, only two are active as of the season: Kristaps Porziņģis of the Washington Wizards; and Boban Marjanović of the Dallas Mavericks. The tallest player inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame is Yao Ming. In addition to Yao, Ralph Sampson and Arvydas Sabonis were the only other players 7 feet 3 inches or taller selected to the Hall of Fame.
Yasutaka Okayama, a Japanese basketball player picked 171st overall in the seventh round of the 1981 NBA Draft by the Golden State Warriors, is the tallest player to ever be drafted for the NBA. However, he never played in the NBA.
List
See also
List of tallest people
List of shortest players in National Basketball Association history
NBA records
Notes
References
NBA Players
Players,Tallest
Tallest
Tallest NBA
NBA | wiki |
Douglassville, une census-designated place du comté de Berks en Pennsylvanie.
Douglassville, une ville du comté de Cass, au Texas.
Voir aussi
Douglasville, le siège du comté de Douglas, dans l’État de Géorgie. | wiki |
"For Whom the Bell Tolls" is the fourth episode of the fifth season of the American series The Vampire Diaries, and the series' 93rd episode overall. "For Whom the Bell Tolls" was originally aired on October 24, 2013, on The CW. The episode was written by Brett Matthews and Elisabeth R. Finch and directed by Michael Allowitz.
Plot
After Stefan (Paul Wesley) lost his memory, Damon (Ian Somerhalder) tries to help him remember. He remembers the date and where he is, but he cannot remember who he is, who the people are around him, or even that he is a vampire. Damon presents Stefan with his diaries to jog his memory with, but he still has no recollection of his past.
Elena (Nina Dobrev) meets the two of them later to find out that Damon did not tell Stefan about her yet. Stefan is conquered by his thirst and follows a waitress but Damon gets there in time before he hurts her. After the incident, they take Stefan to the family crypt where there are fewer people around. Damon gets a phone call from Jeremy (Steven R. McQueen) and leaves, leaving Stefan alone with Elena.
Elena tries to help Stefan remember by taking him to the school where they reenact the moment they met. Stefan still cannot remember, so Elena takes him to the bridge where he saved Matt's (Zach Roerig) life and she became a vampire. He does not recall any of the events. The two of them come very close, but before they kiss, Elena tells him that she is with Damon, something that makes Stefan angry and leaves.
Matt experiences episodes of losing time, so he sets up cameras all over the house to discover what is happening. He also calls Jeremy to ask his help since he can't contact Bonnie (Kat Graham). When Jeremy sees how desperate Matt is and that everyone is looking for Bonnie for help, he decides to tell everyone that Bonnie is dead despite her wishes and he calls Damon. Matt later discovers in one of the videos that he has a passenger inside of him who warns him that his friends will come looking for the knife and he has to protect it otherwise they will kill him.
Damon is back to the Salvatore house where Jeremy informs him about Bonnie. Damon tries to tell Elena but stops when she tells him that she has lost Stefan and he decides to help her find him. Stefan is at the Remembrance Day celebration at the cemetery where Caroline (Candice Accola) finds him. Stefan can feel that he can trust her but he attacks Jesse (Kendrick Sampson). Caroline stops him, gives Jesse her blood to heal him and then compels him to forget.
Stefan returns home, burns his journals and packs his things to leave. He is uninterested in continuing to live in the Salvatore home and continue his life as the "old" Stefan. Before he goes, he makes a promise to Damon and Elena that he will not become the Ripper again and that Caroline will be checking up on him. After Stefan's departure, Damon finally tells Elena that Bonnie is dead.
Elena, Damon, Caroline, Matt and Jeremy make a private ceremony for Bonnie in the forest to say their goodbyes. Bonnie is there and she talks to all of them through Jeremy who can see and hear her. While this is happening, Tyler (Michael Trevino) appears and Caroline runs towards him laughing through her tears.
The episode ends with Jesse and Maxfield (Rick Cosnett) who finds evidence of vampire blood in Jesse's system. He explains to him that this might have happened because someone tried to heal him or because someone wanted to make him a vampire. Maxfield guesses that what happened must be the first and he also explains that having vampire blood in your system is the first step to become a vampire. Jesse looks on, confused, as Maxfield says: "And this is the second," while he injects Jesse with a syringe filled with yellow liquid that kills him.
Featured music
In the "For Whom the Bell Tolls" episode we can hear the songs:
"Without a Word" by Birdy
"Hearts Like Ours" by The Naked and Famous
"Longest Night" by Howie Day
"Happy Faces" by Babe Youth
"Cards With the Devil" by Von Bonneville
"I've Got Friends" by Manchester Orchestra
"Back Against the Wall" by Cage the Elephant
"Gravity" by Sara Bareilles
Reception
Ratings
In its original American broadcast, "For Whom the Bell Tolls" was watched by 2.63 million; down 0.30 from the previous episode.
Reviews
"For Whom the Bell Tolls" received positive reviews.
Leigh Raines of TV Fanatic rated the episode with 4/5 stating that "More than halfway through "For Whom the Bell Tolls" I was moderately bored by this week's The Vampire Diaries. [...] Then Jeremy revealed a secret we've known since The Vampire Diaries Season 4 finale and everything went to pieces."
Nad from Nad's Reviews gave a B+ rate to the episode saying that he enjoyed it and that it was a solid and highly effective hour of The Vampire Diaries. "For the first time in a long time, I actually find myself looking forward to catching up with the gang every week."
Stephanie Flasher of TV After Dark gave an A− rate to the episode saying that it was quite an emotional one. "Overall, it's a pretty good episode. I wish there would have been more development in the Silas story line, but gave Bonnie a true memorial that the character truly deserved, even though she'll still be on the show."
Christopher Monigle of Star Pulse gave a good review to the episode saying that the show "excels at moving farewell scenes" and "The writing’s really, really moving sometimes."
Stephanie Hall of KSiteTV also gave a good review to the episode saying that it didn't fail to entertain. "I hesitate to call "For Whom the Bell Tolls" a filler episode because there were monumental moments moving the greater story forward, but for all intents and purposes it was an episode devised for the sake of season one nostalgia."
Crystal Bell from Wetpaint said that the episode was "a roller coaster of emotions" and "had a little bit of everything." "If there was one blip in this otherwise perfect episode it was Matt's storyline, which frankly, isn't as compelling as we'd like it to be."
Despite the good reviews, Carrie Raisler from The A.V. Club gave the episode a mixed review saying that the episode was all over the place and finally rating it with a C+.
References
External links
2013 American television episodes
The Vampire Diaries (season 5) episodes | wiki |
Queen of Mean is the nickname of American businesswoman and real estate entrepreneur Leona Helmsley (1920–2007).
Queen of Mean may also refer to:
People
Lisa Lampanelli (born 1961), American comedian
Kathy Long (born 1964), American retired five time world kickboxing champion and mixed martial arts fighter
Anne Robinson (born 1944), British presenter and game show host
Florence King (1936–2016), American novelist, essayist and columnist
Other
"Queen of Mean" (song), a song performed by Sarah Jeffery, featured in the 2019 TV film Descendants 3
Angelica Pickles, a character in the Nickelodeon animated shows Rugrats and All Grown Up! | wiki |
Max Casino (until 2013, formerly the Carson Station) and earlier, The Travelodge Casino, is a hotel and casino located in Carson City, Nevada. The Max Casino contains of casino gaming space and 91 rooms. Max Casino had both blackjack and craps in the casino as table games from 2012 to 2017. Formerly owned by Clark Russell, the Max Hotel Casino has been owned and operated by 777 Gaming since 2011.The Max Casino currently has a wide variety of slot machines and video poker machines. The casino also has a live entertainment stage, and a sports book operated by William Hill, a major Nevada and international sportsbook company.
On September 11, 2015, the Max Casino (formerly the Carson Station) was issued 71 complaints by the Nevada Gaming Commission citing many violations of Nevada Gaming Laws.
References
External links
1972 establishments in Nevada
Casino hotels
Casinos completed in 1972
Casinos in Carson City, Nevada
Hotels in Carson City, Nevada
Resorts in Nevada | wiki |
Internet bottlenecks are places in telecommunication networks in which internet service providers (ISPs), or naturally occurring high use of the network, slow or alter the network speed of the users and/or content producers using that network. A bottleneck is a more general term for a system that has been reduced or slowed due to limited resources or components. The bottleneck occurs in a network when there are too many users attempting to access a specific resource. Internet bottlenecks provide artificial and natural network choke points to inhibit certain sets of users from overloading the entire network by consuming too much bandwidth. Theoretically, this will lead users and content producers through alternative paths to accomplish their goals while limiting the network load at any one time. Alternatively, internet bottlenecks have been seen as a way for ISPs to take advantage of their dominant market-power increasing rates for content providers to push past bottlenecks. The United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has created regulations stipulating that artificial bottlenecks are in direct opposition to a free and open Internet.
Technical details
The technical reasons for Internet bottlenecks are largely related to network congestion in which the user experiences a delay in delivering or accessing content. The bottlenecks can occur naturally, during high network use, or artificially created by owners of the network, generally considered to be ISPs, in order to prevent the network from experiencing overload.
The network demands of users continues to grow and with it so do the pressures on networks. The way current technologies process information over the network is slow and consumes large amounts of energy. ISPs and engineers argue that these issues with the increased demand on the networks result in some necessary congestion, but the bottlenecks also occur because of the lack of technology to handle such huge data needs using minimal energy. There are attempts being made to increase the speed, amount of data, and reduce power consumption of the networks. For example, optical memory devices could be used in the future to send and receive light signals working much faster and more efficiently than electrical signals. Some researchers see optical memory as needed to reduce the demands on the network routers in data transmission, while others do not. The research will continue to explore possibilities for greater network bandwidth and data transfer. As data consumption needs increase, so will the need for better technology that facilitates the transfer and storage of that data.
Deep packet inspection (DPI) may also be used to address network congestion through recognition of a specific set of protocols, services, or users. ISPs may then manipulate the bandwidth allocation for those groups by reducing it to maintain the network stability and available bandwidth for the entire network.
Network congestion or Internet bottleneck generally occurs and is felt by users in homes and businesses. This is what is known as the last mile of transmission, which is when there is not enough bandwidth available for individual users to access the content they want. Everyone is attempting to use the bandwidth at the same time creating an Internet traffic jam.
Political details
In terms of public policy, Internet bottlenecks and/or network congestion has largely been nested within the network neutrality debate. Network neutrality is the notion that ISPs and content providers need to be regulated in order to maintain fair speeds and access to content for all Internet users. Internet bottlenecks had been perceived as useful facets of network management, but ISPs have throttled specific types of uses of their networks that have little to do with network management and more to do with network neutrality.
New regulatory rules were established by the FCC in order to enforce fair network management practices by ISPs. The rules were established on September 23, 2011, and took effect November 20, 2011. This new set of regulations has three primary rules:
"Transparency. Fixed and mobile broadband providers must disclose the network management practices, performance characteristics, and terms and conditions of their broadband services;
"No blocking. Fixed broadband providers may not block lawful content, applications, services, or non-harmful devices; mobile broadband providers may not block lawful Web sites, or block applications that compete with their voice or video telephony services; and
"No unreasonable discrimination. Fixed broadband providers may not unreasonably discriminate in transmitting lawful network traffic."
Of these rules, set up by the FCC, only number 2 and number 3 apply to network bottlenecks. Network bottlenecks represent a specific part of that policy discussion in which ISPs are able to create network flows that are slower for competitors possibly leading customers to go to another website that is more easily accessed, which gives the parent or children companies of the ISPs an advantage. Thus, in the FCC's rule number 2 and 3 there are specific requirements that ISPs do not discriminate or restrict services to those companies who offer competing services similar to the ISP's services.
Alternatively, ISPs argue that the bottlenecks are necessary to create artificial control points that create a better experience for all users and content providers creating a more fair and balanced network system. Thus, there is a market-based approach to addressing the issue of bottlenecking by allowing the market to choose from other ISPs that are providing better network speeds, which may force the ISPs using Internet bottlenecks to reduce or remove the bottlenecks.
The interested parties in this political issue include:
ISPs - whose interest is to maintain profitability while maintaining quality service to a loyal consumer and content provider base.
Advocacy groups - their goal is to regulate the ISPs. Advocacy groups believe the ISPs are misusing a public good that should be equally distributed to all people and organizations.
Content provider - the institution that creates content on the web and distributes that content through networks belonging to ISPs.
Individual consumer - the average person in the United States, who has home access to the Internet, wireless smart phone data use, or any other Internet access.
Pro-regulation
Organizations, such as the U.S. advocacy organization Free Press, argue that Internet bottlenecks are unnecessary and used by ISPs to arbitrarily lead users to alternate websites, which may or may not be companies of the ISPs. Groups like Free Press, Consumer Federation of America, and Consumers Union argue that the ISPs have no reason to remove bottlenecks from the network. The ISPs can charge more money to content providers to push past the Internet bottleneck. However, Free Press argues that ISPs could alleviate bottlenecks for all by increasing available bandwidth. Advocacy groups are not the only arm of pro-regulation; Google and other companies like Facebook and Wikipedia support regulatory policy that stops ISPs from placing network bottlenecks on content providers and consumers, which would force content providers to pay extra. The network neutrality rules mentioned above address the concerns of pro-regulatory groups, but are seen as somewhat weak with apparent loopholes.
Anti-regulation
Companies that oppose the regulation of Internet bottlenecks include Comcast and AT&T. They argue that Internet bottlenecks are a part of the network management strategy of which cannot be eliminated due to ever increasing data demands. Thus, it may be necessary at some points to throttle or restrict certain users who are consuming too much bandwidth to allow other users to have equal access. These users have their bandwidth restored once the bottleneck has been reduced.
Charges were made against Comcast by the FCC originally brought up by Free Press and others, who claimed that Comcast was purposely degrading the network speed for certain uses of the network, most notably the use of P2P file sharing from services like BitTorrent.
Network management
Network management is the administration, operation and maintenance of a network. Network management is one of the primary arguments used by ISPs in support of reducing Internet bottlenecks. Both Comcast and At&t cite the use of different techniques in reducing bottlenecks, whether that be throttling certain users or reducing speeds for certain websites. While the ISPs argue that bottlenecks can be removed through increased bandwidth availability that can never catch up with ever-increasing bandwidth demand, pro-regulatory groups see bottlenecks as a beneficial form of network slowdown that enables ISPs to charge more money to users and content providers who wish to move past the bottleneck.
ISPs have proposed and have implemented in some cases a tiered service plan allowing users and content providers to pay for premium network lines. These tiered service plans are meant to reduce network congestion at certain levels of bandwidth by allowing high level users to purchase and have access to more available bandwidth. Further, the plans charge based on usage. The more data used the higher the bill would be. Tiered service is common practice among wireless providers, but it is expected that wired connections may soon see usage charges as well, which according to David Hyman will decrease the competitiveness of the open market.
The role of government
The United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was tasked with designing and maintaining an internationally competitive national broadband system by implementing a National Broadband Plan. This plan has largely succeeded in improving the overall infrastructure and access to broadband internet. As mentioned in the political details section above, the FCC is now responsible for making sure established rules and regulations are followed. The FCC is further tasked with increasing broadband use through a newer initiative called the Connect America Fund. This fund is meant to reduce wasteful spending, while improving the original Universal Service Fund.
The new rules became active November 20, 2011. Since then Verizon has filed lawsuits against the FCC claiming the FCC is overstepping the bounds of the commission, but the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives voted in favor of the Net Neutrality regulations.
From the content provider's perspective
Content providers are actors who have specific interest in gaining as much Internet traffic as possible, but they also have other competitors from other content providers. Advocacy groups argue that content providers need regulated fair access, while some content providers support this, others recommend a free-market system as suggested by Free Press. Those who can afford to bypass any Internet bottleneck will then have an advantage in network speeds, but will have to pay for it.
Subsequently, in some cases, peering, creating a physical connection between two networks to avoid other network transit services, has been used to bypass Internet bottlenecks by the user and content provider. There is some speculation that if there is no regulation of Internet bottlenecks, both users and content providers will simply create systems like peering to navigate around ISPs effectively neutralizing them. This may also lead to network security risks that would enable.
Netflix has accused Comcast of violating the new Net Neutrality rules by not counting Comcast's Xfinity video service against the monthly data allotment of 250gb, but counting the use of Netflix or any other video service monthly data allotment.
From the user's perspective
Users access the Internet through telecommunications devices in which they purchase a type of Internet service to use that device. Individual users are given limited access to the information about their Internet access other than the download and upload speeds. Further, they are not generally told when their use of the network experiences a bottleneck nor are they told about the actual speeds at which their Internet will function. Greater information for the user has been requested in the new FCC rules, but it is not known whether or not ISPs are providing fully accurate information as the data is generally aggregated or "cherry-picked" for better examples. Center for Democracy and Technology has recommended that users would benefit from the ability to "test the actual performance of their broadband services."
Wireless broadband users also have limited capacity to file court claims against ISPs. In the case of At&t Mobility LLC vs. Concepcion Et Ux. (2012), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that there could be no class action lawsuit against At&t. Thus, Marguerite Rearden of CNet argues that this Supreme Court decision will limit the future power of any individual in trying to fight back against wireless providers because every wireless provider stipulates in their terms of service that class action suits are not allowed. Any type of overuse of the network will result in some sort of throttling of the user's plan in an attempt by the ISP to limit network congestion, with no warning or notification despite having an unlimited plan.
Notes
References
Internet architecture
Net neutrality | wiki |
National Emergency Management Agency may refer to multiple management agencies at the national level in different countries:
National Emergency Management Agency (Australia)
National Emergency Management Agency (South Korea)
National Emergency Management Agency (Mongolia)
National Emergency Management Agency (Nigeria)
National Emergency Management Agency (New Zealand)
See also
Federal Emergency Management Agency, in the United States
Ministry of Emergency Situations (disambiguation), in former Soviet countries | wiki |
In theater, a brace is a sliding piece of wood or metal with a 'butterfly' winged nut to make it longer or shorter to fit the flat used to stabilize a flat set piece such as a flat. The nut is used, so that it can be changed more quickly than a screw to the floor during a quick change. Usually, a brace is painted black to make it less noticeable to the audience. Braces are often used to form a triangle between two perpendicular items (like a vertical flat and a stage. They can also make a flat piece stronger by forming an X-shape between all four corners. Another way to brace a rectangular flat is to use special braces, called toggles which run at regular intervals, parallel to the short end of the flat, effectively breaking it into many smaller, stronger rectangles.
Stage terminology
Scenic design | wiki |
Busk may refer to:
Busk (corsetry), the rigid element of a corset placed at the center front
Busking, or street performance
Places
Busk, Cumbria, a hamlet in Cumbria, England
Busk, Greater Manchester, a locality in Greater Manchester, England
Busk, Ukraine, a city in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine
Busk Raion, a former raion in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine, containing the city
Other
Busk (surname)
Busk, or Green Corn Ceremony, a ceremony of the Muscogee people | wiki |
A paperweight is a small solid object heavy enough, when placed on top of papers, to keep them from blowing away in a breeze or from moving under the strokes of a painting brush (as with Chinese calligraphy). While any object, such as a stone, can serve as a paperweight, decorative paperweights of glass are produced, either by individual artisans or factories, usually in limited editions, and are collected as works of fine glass art, some of which are exhibited in museums. First produced in about 1845, particularly in France, such decorative paperweights declined in popularity before undergoing a revival in the mid-twentieth century.
Basic features
Decorative glass paperweights have a flat or slightly concave base, usually polished but sometimes frosted, cut in one of several variations (e.g. star-cut bases have a multi-pointed star, while a diamond cut base has grooves cut in a criss-cross pattern), although a footed weight has a flange in the base. The ground on which the inner parts rest may be clear or colored, made of unfused sand, or resemble lace (latticinio). The domed top is usually faceted or cut and made of lead glass and may be coated with one or more thin layers of colored glass, and have windows cut through it to reveal the interior motif. The exact shape or profile of the dome varies from one artist or factory to another, but in fine examples will act as a lens that, as one moves the weight about, attractively varies the inner design's appearance. A magnifying glass is often used to gain appreciation of the fine detail of the work within. In a modern piece, an identifying mark and date are imperative.
Paperweights are made by individual artisans or in factories where many artists and technicians collaborate; both may produce inexpensive as well as "collector" weights.
Workmanship, design, rarity, and condition determine a paperweight's value: its glass should not have a yellow or greenish cast, and there should be no unintentional asymmetries, or unevenly spaced or broken elements. Visible flaws, such as bubbles, striations and scratches lessen the value.
Antique paperweights, of which perhaps 10,000 or so survive (mostly in museums), generally appreciate steadily in value; as of August 2018 the record price was the $258,500 paid in 1990 for an antique French weight.
History
Antique paperweights were made in the "classic" years between 1845 and 1860 primarily in three French factories named Baccarat, Saint-Louis and Clichy. Together, they made between 15,000 and 25,000 weights in the classic period. Weights (mainly of lesser quality) were also made in the United States, United Kingdom, and elsewhere, though Bacchus (UK) and New England Glass Company (US) produced some that equaled the best of the French. Modern weights have been made from about 1950 to the present.
In the US, Charles Kaziun started in 1940 to produce buttons, paperweights, inkwells and other bottles, using lamp-work of elegant simplicity. In Scotland, the pioneering work of Paul Ysart from the 1930s onward preceded a new generation of artists such as William Manson, Peter McDougall, Peter Holmes and John Deacons. A further impetus to reviving interest in paperweights was the publication of Evangiline Bergstrom's book, Old Glass Paperweights, the first of a new genre.
A number of small studios appeared in the mid-20th century, particularly in the US. These may have several to some dozens of workers with various levels of skill cooperating to produce their own distinctive line. Notable examples are Lundberg Studios, Orient and Flume, Correia Art Glass, St. Clair, Lotton, and Parabelle Glass.
Starting in the late 1960s and early 1970s, artists such as Francis Whittemore, Paul Stankard, his former assistant Jim D'Onofrio, Chris Buzzini, Delmo and daughter Debbie Tarsitano, Victor Trabucco and sons, Gordon Smith, Rick Ayotte and his daughter Melissa, the father and son team of Bob and Ray Banford, and Ken Rosenfeld began breaking new ground and were able to produce fine paperweights rivaling anything produced in the classic period.
Types of glass paperweights
Collectors may specialize in one of several types of paperweights, but more often they wind up with an eclectic mix.
Millefiori (Italian—'thousand flowers') paperweights contain thin cross-sections of cylindrical composite canes made from colored rods and usually resemble little flowers, although they can be designed after anything, even letters and dates. These are usually made in a factory setting. They exist in many variations such as scattered, patterned, close concentric or carpet ground. Sometimes the canes are formed into a sort of upright tuft shaped like a mushroom that is encased in the dome. The year of manufacture is sometimes enclosed in one of the canes.
Lampwork paperweights have objects such as flowers, fruit, butterflies or animals constructed by shaping and working bits of colored glass with a gas burner or torch and assembling them into attractive compositions, which are then incorporated into the dome. This is a form particularly favored by studio artists. The objects are often stylized, but may be highly realistic.
Sulfide paperweights have an encased cameo-like medallion or portrait plaque made from a special ceramic that is able to reproduce very fine detail. These are known as incrustations, cameo incrustations, or sulphides. They often are produced to commemorate some person or event. From the late 1700s through the end of the 1900s, an amazing variety of glass objects, including paperweights, were made with incrustations. The finest collection of incrustations ever assembled was by Paul Jokelson, collector, author and founder of the Paperweight Collectors' Association. A part of his collection was gifted to the Corning Museum of Glass, with the remaining portion being sold in London in the 1990s. Although still produced today, their heyday was before the classic period.
Most paperweights, which are considered works of art, use one of the above techniques; millefiori, lampwork or sulphide — all techniques that had been around long before the advent of paperweights. A fourth technique, a crimp flower, usually a rose, originated in the Millville, New Jersey area in the first decade of the twentieth century. Often called a Millville rose, these weights range from simple folk art to fine works of art, depending on the maker.
Fine weights not made with any of the major techniques include swirls, marbries and crowns. Swirl paperweights have opaque rods of two or three colors radiating like a pinwheel from a central millefiori floret. A similar style, the marbrie, is a paperweight that has several bands of color close to the surface that descend from the apex in a looping pattern to the bottom of the weight. Crown paperweights have twisted ribbons, alternately colored and white filigree which radiate from a central millefiori floret at the top, down to converge again at the base. This was first devised in the Saint Louis factory and remains popular today.
Miniature weights have a diameter of less than approximately , and magnums have a diameter greater than about .
California-style paperweights are made by "painting" the surface of the dome with colored molten glass (torchwork), and manipulated with picks or other tools. They may also be sprayed while hot with various metallic salts to achieve an iridescent look.
Victorian portrait and advertising paperweights were dome glass paperweights first made in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania using a process patented in 1882 by William H. Maxwell. The portrait paperweights contained pictures of ordinary people reproduced on a milk glass disk and encased within clear glass. This same process was also used to produce paperweights with the owner's name encased or an advertisement of a business or product. Pittsburgher Albert A. Graeser patented a different process for making advertising paperweights in 1892. The Graeser process involved sealing an image to the underside of a rectangular glass blank using a milk glass or enamel-like glaze. Many paperweights of the late 19th century are marked either J. N. Abrams or Barnes and Abrams and may list either the 1882 Maxwell or 1892 Graeser patent date. It has been theorized that Barnes and Abrams did not actually manufacture advertising paperweights for their customers, but instead subcontracted the actual manufacturing task out to Pittsburgh-area glasshouses. The Paperweight Collectors Association Annual Bulletins published in 2000, 2001 and 2002 describe these in detail.
Bohemian paperweights were particularly popular in Victorian times. Large engraved or cut hollow spheres of ruby glass were a common form.
Museum collections
The United States has a number of museums exhibiting outstanding paperweight collections. Many collectors consider the finest of these to be the Arthur Rubloff collection at the Art Institute of Chicago, which expanded its exhibition in 2012. The Bergstrom-Mahler Museum in Neenah, Wisconsin, exhibits the Evangeline Bergstrom collection. The Corning Museum of Glass in Corning, New York, exhibits the Amory Houghton collection. The Yelverton Paperweight Centre in Devon, England, a collection of over 1,000 paperweights, closed in 2013.
Another museum with a notable exhibition of outstanding American paperweights is in the Museum of American Glass at the Wheaton Arts and Cultural Center in Millville, New Jersey. In 1998, Henry Melville Fuller donated 330 twentieth-century paperweights to the Currier Museum of Art in Manchester, New Hampshire.
Paperweight collectors
There are many paperweight collectors worldwide. Several collectors' associations hold national or regional conventions, and sponsor activities such as tours, lectures, and auctions. Famous collectors include the literary figures Colette, Oscar Wilde and Truman Capote. Empress Eugenie (Napoleon III's wife), Empress Carlotta (wife of Maximilian I of Mexico) and Farouk, King of Egypt were also avid collectors. The collecting histories of Rubloff, Bergstrom, and Houghton were similar. They had two things in common—a passion for their collecting, and the privilege of having sufficient financial resources to build extensive collections of very rare and expensive weights. Another famous collector was Lothar-Günther Buchheim, the German author and painter, best known for his novel Das Boot. His collection of about 3,000 paperweights can be seen at his museum in Germany—Museum der Phantasie—in Bernried, Bavaria, Starnberger See.
In May 1953, collector Paul Jokelson organized and created the Paperweight Collectors Association (PCA), the world's first collecting group dedicated to glass paperweights. Interest grew rapidly and by May 1954, membership had risen to 280 members and the PCA published its first bulletin. The PCA held its first convention in May 1961, in New York City with 100 members in attendance. In September 1968, Paul Jokelson published the first PCA newsletter. In September 1995, the PCA entered the digital era, going online with the PCA, Inc. website. In December 2010 the PCA Facebook page was created, allowing for casual observers, aficionados, artists, and collectors to become ever more connected, allowing for the appreciation of this enchanting art to thrive. Today membership spans the globe.
PCA Members receive a newsletter four times a year and a printed annual bulletin. The annual bulletin is the only publication of its kind and the preeminent source for all things paperweight-related. It contains indispensable, up-to-date research on the great paperweight makers of the 19th century and the masters of the art today. The PCA holds a convention biennially, where collectors, artists, dealers and scholars from around the world meet to share their passion for the art of the paperweight. At the convention, attendees can expect to see artist demonstrations from some of the world's leading glass artists, presentations from paperweight scholars and artists, and some of the world's finest paperweights on display.
See also
Glass museums and galleries
Snow globe
Marble (toy)
References
Further reading
Dunlop, Paul H. (2009) The Dictionary of Glass Paperweights
Dunlop, Paul H. (1991) The Jokelson Collection of Cameo Incrustation
Reilly, Pat, (1994) Paperweights: The Collector's Guide to Identifying, Selecting, and Enjoying New and Vintage Paperweights
Selman, Lawrence H. (1992) All About Paperweights
Jargstorf, Sibylle (1997) Paperweights .
Stankard, Paul J. (2007) No Green Berries or Leaves—The Creative Journey of an Artist in Glass softcover and hardcover
External links
Collecting
Paper
Glass art
Glass production
Weights | wiki |
A profile gauge or contour gauge is a tool for recording the cross-sectional shape of a surface. Contour gauges consist of a set of steel or plastic pins that are set tightly against one another in a frame which keeps them in the same plane and parallel while allowing them to move independently, perpendicularly to the frame. When pressed against an object, the pins conform to the object. The gauge can then be used to draw the profile or to copy it on to another surface.
Applications
Profile gauges are used widely in metalworking and woodworking. In architectural conservation, they are used to document the profiles of decorative moldings. In archaeological illustration, they are typically used to record the profile of pots, and are thus named pottery gauges; but in ceramics, a pottery gauge is a template used in making pots.
References
Metalworking hand tools
Woodworking hand tools
Methods in archaeology | wiki |
"My Fist Your Face" is a song from hard rock band Aerosmith's eighth album Done with Mirrors. It was the second track on the album. It was released as a promo-only 12-inch single to US radio stations in 1985, the third promo-only single taken from the album.
Track listing
12" vinyl (promo):
"My Fist Your Face" - 4:21
Personnel
Aerosmith
Tom Hamilton - bass
Joey Kramer - drums
Joe Perry - guitar, backing vocals
Steven Tyler - lead vocals, harmonica, piano
Brad Whitford - guitar
Other personnel
Ted Templeman - producer
References
Aerosmith songs
1985 singles
Song recordings produced by Ted Templeman
Geffen Records singles
Songs written by Steven Tyler
Songs written by Joe Perry (musician)
1985 songs | wiki |
I'll See You in My Dreams may refer to:
Music
I'll See You in My Dreams (Doris Day album), an album featuring songs from the soundtrack of the 1951 film
I'll See You in My Dreams (Pat Boone album), 1962
"I'll See You in My Dreams" (1924 song), a popular song
"I'll See You in My Dreams" (Giant song), a 1989 song
"I'll See You in My Dreams" (Bruce Springsteen song), a 2020 song
Films
I'll See You in My Dreams (1951 film), a musical film, starring Doris Day and Danny Thomas, directed by Michael Curtiz
I'll See You in My Dreams (2003 film), a horror short film, directed by Miguel Ángel Vivas
I'll See You in My Dreams (2015 film), a drama film starring Blythe Danner
See also
"Goodnight, Irene", a song first recorded in 1933 by Lead Belly, whose chorus concludes with the line "I'll see you in my dreams"
If I See You in My Dreams, manga and anime by Noriyuki "Hanako" Yamahana | wiki |
Isinga ( or Исингинское) is a fresh water body in the Yeravninsky District, Buryatia, Russia.
There are vestiges of ancient human settlements on the banks of the Isinga dating back to 4-5 thousand years ago. Archaeological excavations were carried out in 1972 at the sites of ancient settlements, providing a wealth of data in the Isinga area.
Geography
Isinga lake is part of the Yeravna-Khorga Lake System () and is the northernmost sizeable lake of the group. The system includes 6 large lakes and a number of smaller ones.
The lake has a large catchment area, , which is largely covered by the forest steppe typical of the Vitim Plateau. Lake Khorga (or Kharga) lies very close to the southwest. The Kholoy, a small, shallow tributary of the Vitim River, flows from the eastern shore of Isinga lake.
When the water levels are high the Yeravna lakes further south are connected with each other and the northern ones by intermittent channels. The outlet of the whole lake system is via the Kholoy.
Fish
Isinga lake is noted for its fisheries. Perch, roach, pike and crucian carp, are among the fish species in the lake.
See also
List of lakes of Russia
References
External links
Рыбалка на озеро большое Еравное 2013 - Fishing in Bolshoy Yeravna (in Russian)
Geography of tourism in the Republic of Buryatia
Isinga
ru:Исинга (озеро) | wiki |
A gas burner is a device that produces a controlled flame by mixing a fuel gas such as acetylene, natural gas, or propane with an oxidizer such as the ambient air or supplied oxygen, and allowing for ignition and combustion.
The flame is generally used for the heat, infrared radiation, or visible light it produces. Some burners, such as gas flares, dispose of unwanted or uncontainable flammable gases. Some burners are operated to produce carbon black.
The gas burner has many applications such as soldering, brazing, and welding, the latter using oxygen instead of air for producing a hotter flame, which is required for melting steel. Chemistry laboratories use natural-gas fueled Bunsen burners. In domestic and commercial settings gas burners are commonly used in gas stoves and cooktops. For melting metals with melting points of up to 1100 °C (such as copper, silver, and gold), a propane burner with a natural drag of air can be used. For higher temperatures, acetylene is commonly used in combination with oxygen.
Flame temperatures of common gases and fuels
The above data is given with the following assumptions:
The flame is adiabatic
The surrounding air is at 20°C, 1 bar (atm)
Complete combustion (no soot, and more blue-like flame is the key) (Stoichiometric)
Peak Temperature These notes are not assumptions, and need more clarification:
Speed of Combustion (has no effect on temperature, but more energy released per second (as adiabatic) compared to normal flame)
Spectral bands also affect colour of flame, as of what part and elements of combustion
Blackbody radiation (colour appearance only because of heat)
Atmosphere - affects temperature of flame and colour due to the atmospheric colour effect
Flammability limits and ignition temperatures of common gases
(Atmosphere is air at 20 degrees Celsius.)
Combustion values of common gases
References
Pocket Guide to Fire and Arson Investigation, second edition, FM Global, Table 1, 2, and 3
Gas burner at the Encyclopedia Britannica
Burners
Fuel gas
Tools
Welding
Methane
Acetylene
Propane
Butane | wiki |
Long Island Medium is an American reality television series starring Theresa Caputo, a self-professed medium who claims she can communicate with the dead. Much of the program, which premiered on September 25, 2011, takes place in Hicksville, New York, though it often follows Caputo as she meets with clients in other areas.
Scientific skeptics say mediumship performances are a con, and Caputo's specific claims have been deemed fictitious by critics including magician James Randi, Inside Edition. and Jezebel.
Synopsis
Each episode focuses on Caputo as she conducts private and group readings with both believers and skeptics. Her husband Larry and two children, Victoria and Larry Jr., have learned to live with her mediumship. In a 2011 interview, Caputo claimed she could communicate with dead people: "Things are just there. When I was younger I used to actually see images and hear things. As I got older and shut down, it has changed. Because it was frightening to see people standing there who actually weren't there."
Reception
Scientific skeptics say mediumship performances are a con, and that Caputo's seemingly paranormal performances are simply the result of well-known exploits like the Forer effect, cold reading, selective editing of the show, and her subjects' eagerness to believe.
In 2012, the James Randi Educational Foundation (JREF) awarded Caputo its Pigasus Award for being, in its view, the "psychic" performer who fooled the greatest number of people with the least effort in the preceding year. A Pigasus award was also given to TLC for continuing to air the show. In an article published by Wired Magazine the organization's founder James Randi explained why he believed shows like Long Island Medium were deceptive and potentially harmful to its participants:
In June of that year, Caputo appeared in a commercial for Priceline.com in which she portrayed herself "connecting" with the late Priceline Negotiator character previously played by William Shatner. JREF President DJ Grothe issued a statement asking Priceline.com to prove that Caputo has the abilities that she claims to possess.
Inside Edition examined Caputo's claims of being able to talk to the dead and found them lacking as she performed live, saying they "watched her strike out time and again." Mark Edward, who used to portray himself as a medium, gave his opinion that Caputo does not have supernatural powers and explained several common techniques she could be using to pretend to have such abilities. She responded in a statement: "I respect and understand skeptics. I'm not trying to prove anything to anyone, that's not why I do what I do. I feel, and have been told by my clients, that my gift has really helped them, and that's all that matters to me."
Ron Tebo, proprietor of the YouTube debunking channel SciFake, has argued that Caputo engages in several forms of deception, including sending staff members to interview audience members in advance to acquire knowledge to claim communication with the dead.
In March 2018, skeptical activist Susan Gerbic published an article in Skeptical Inquirer summarizing several techniques that she says are used by psychics such as Caputo to achieve their effects.
While noting that Caputo's claim of special powers "has been questioned", Varietys Gregg Goldstein described her in generally positive terms in a 2012 article, writing, "In an era of hit reality shows about families and denizens of New Jersey, the series' equally big selling point is the dynamic with her husband and two wisecracking teenagers, making it play like a combination of Real Housewives of New Jersey and Bewitched – particularly when their frustrations surface over her random communications with what she calls 'Spirit.
In a 2019 segment of Last Week Tonight, which featured Caputo as well as other prominent TV psychics, John Oliver criticized the media for producing shows such as this because they convince viewers that psychic powers are real, and so enable neighborhood psychics to prey on grieving families. Oliver said, "...when psychic abilities are presented as authentic, it emboldens a vast underworld of unscrupulous vultures, more than happy to make money by offering an open line to the afterlife, as well as many other bullshit services."
CastMain Theresa CaputoRecurring'
Larry Caputo Jr.
Victoria Caputo
Larry Caputo
Episodes
Series Overview
Season 1 (2011)
Season 2 (2012)
Season 3 (2012)
Season 4 (2013)
Season 5 (2013)
Season 6 (2014)
Season 7 (2014)
Season 8 (2015)
Season 9 (2015–16)
Season 10 (2017)
Season 11 (2017)
Season 12 (2018)
Season 13 (2018)
Season 14 (2019)
See also
References
External links
Theresa Caputo's site
2010s American reality television series
2011 American television series debuts
English-language television shows
TLC (TV network) original programming
Pseudoscience
Mediumship
Television shows set in New York (state) | wiki |
A penny floater, or flyaway, is a kind of cheap football commonly used by children in the Western world. Its name derives from the fact that when they were first developed in the 1960s they cost a penny. The penny floater may have originated in Italy. The floater part comes from the fact that as they are made of a thin layer of hardened plastic filled with air: their light weight makes them susceptible to floating or swerving with the wind.
Penny floaters are commonly used by young children; however, among older children they are an object of ridicule and mocked as cheap toy footballs unsuitable for use. Nonetheless, their cheapness and the fact that they do not damage other objects in urban environments as easily as regular footballs do make them common. Professional footballs are sometimes compared to penny floaters disparagingly, as in the case of the Adidas Jabulani football used in the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The Jabulani was criticised for its performance, which was partly because its internal stitching made it too spherical to spin normally and more like a penny floater in that regard.
References
Balls
Inflatable manufactured goods
1960s toys | wiki |
Evergreen Terrace is an American metalcore band.
Evergreen Terrace may also refer to:
Evergreen Terrace, Washington, an unincorporated community
Evergreen Terrace, a fictional street on The Simpsons that is the location of The Simpsons house | wiki |
Music Maker may refer to:
Music Maker (label), an American non-profit blues publisher
Magix Music Maker, a digital audio software product
See also
Music Makers (disambiguation) | wiki |
Saint Paul's College was a private historically black college in Lawrenceville, Virginia. Saint Paul's College opened its doors on September 24, 1888, originally training students as teachers and for agricultural and industrial jobs.
By the late 20th century, Saint Paul's College offered undergraduate degrees for traditional college students and distant learning students in the Continuing Studies Program. The college also offered adult education to help assist working adults to gain undergraduate degrees. Saint Paul's College had a Single Parent Support System Program that assisted single teen parents pursuing a college education.
The college had long struggled with significant financial difficulties, culminating in a court conflict in 2012 with its regional accreditor, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Throughout the 2012–2013 school year, the college sought to merge with another institution, but on June 3, 2013, the board announced the college would close on June 30, 2013.
Campus
Saint Paul's eleven-building campus was situated on of green hills. Older buildings were constructed by students and donated by friends of the College. The college has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
History
On September 24, 1888, James Solomon Russell of the Protestant Episcopal Church founded the Saint Paul Normal and Industrial School, with fewer than a dozen students. The school was intended chiefly to develop African-American teachers, a critical and prestigious job in the late 19th and early 20th-century South. In 1914 the school boasted that "The location of the school in the heart of the Black Belt of Virginia, with a Negro population of 100,000 almost at its very doors, is most favorable for the prosecution of uplift work."
In 1941 the name of the institution was changed to Saint Paul's Polytechnic Institute when the state granted the school authority to offer a four-year program. The first bachelor's degree was awarded in 1944. In 1957 the college adopted its present name to reflect its liberal arts and teacher education curricula.
In June 2012, the college's regional accreditor, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges, stripped the college of its accreditation. Although the college had been on probation, it lost its accreditation for "violations concerning financial resources, institutional effectiveness in support services, institutional effectiveness in academics and student services, lack of terminal degrees for too many faculty members, and a lack of financial stability." The college sued the accreditor, and two months later a court issued a preliminary injunction reinstating the college's probationary accreditation to protect it during further legal proceedings. Although supporters worked on plans to have St. Augustine's University in Raleigh, North Carolina, another historically black university of Episcopal heritage, acquire St Paul's, the deal was abandoned in May 2013. Shortly thereafter, St. Paul's College reported to SACS that it would close on June 30, 2013.
In 2017 the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, which had assumed ownership of most of the former campus, sold the property to a Chinese-related firm that has not announced its plans.
Academics
The college focused on liberal arts, social sciences, education, business, mathematics, and natural sciences. It was committed to the development of "students who will be equipped to live effectively in a global society."
Student support
Saint Paul's College developed the Single Parent Support System (SPSS), the only program of its kind in the United States. Initiated in 1987, the SPSS was an on-campus residential educational program designed for single parents with two or fewer children between the ages of two months to nine years old.
The program required students to attend the college year round on a full-time basis and maintain a projected graduation progression of three to four years, with a 2.5 G.P.A. each year. A significant aspect of the SPSS was a faculty mentoring system that assisted participants with choosing a major. Tutorial assistance and counseling services were available, and the college provided seminars that focused on academic success, transition to college, career planning, and parenting. The college also provided child care assistance.
Athletics
Saint Paul's athletic teams were known as the Tigers and Lady Tigers. The college was a member of the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), primarily competing in the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) from 1923–24 to 2010–11.
Saint Paul's competed in 14 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports included baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, tennis and track & field; while women's sports included basketball, bowling, cross country, softball, tennis, track & field and volleyball.
The college discontinued its athletic programs in July 2011 in an effort to alleviate financial difficulties. The football team had costs of $300,000 to $400,000 annually.
Notable alumni
Billy Eckstine – jazz and pop singer, bandleader
Helen G. Edmonds, first African-American woman to earn a doctorate from Ohio State University, to become a graduate school dean and the first to second the nomination of a United States presidential candidate.
Darrell Green – former NFL cornerback, inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2008.
Tony Hughes – former head football coach for Jackson State and current associate head coach and tight ends coach for Mississippi State
Greg Jackson – former head men's basketball coach at Delaware State University
Sidney Lowe – former head coach for Vancouver Grizzlies and Minnesota Timberwolves; later NC State.
Martha Namundjebo-Tilahun, businesswoman, former president of the Namibia Chamber for Commerce and Industry
Stella Oduah – politician, former Minister of Aviation, Nigeria. (disputed by the college as they did not award advanced degrees)
Antwain Smith – former American professional basketball player.
Greg Toler – NFL cornerback
References
External links
University and college buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Private universities and colleges in Virginia
Historically black universities and colleges in the United States
Educational institutions established in 1888
Educational institutions disestablished in 2013
Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
Education in Brunswick County, Virginia
Universities and colleges affiliated with the Episcopal Church (United States)
1888 establishments in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Brunswick County, Virginia
2013 disestablishments in Virginia
Defunct private universities and colleges in Virginia | wiki |
"Somewhere Out There" is a song released by MCA Records and recorded by American singers Linda Ronstadt and James Ingram for the soundtrack of the animated film An American Tail (1986). The song was written by James Horner, Barry Mann, and Cynthia Weil, and produced by Peter Asher and Steve Tyrell. It reached number eight in the United Kingdom, number six in Ireland, and number two in both the United States and Canada.
Background
Steven Spielberg, the film's producer, invited songwriters Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil to collaborate with James Horner on four songs for its soundtrack, to be completed in a four-week timeframe. The composers "felt no pressure to come up with a radio-friendly hit" and were surprised when Spielberg felt the song had Top 40 hit potential and recruited world-renowned recording artists, Linda Ronstadt and James Ingram, to record a pop version of it for the film's closing credits. In the main body of the film, the song was performed by Phillip Glasser and Betsy Cathcart in the characters of the anthropomorphic mice Fievel and Tanya Mousekewitz. Produced by Ronstadt's regular producer Peter Asher, the single release of the Ronstadt/Ingram track made its debut at number 31 on the Adult Contemporary chart in Billboard dated 15 November 1986, crossing over to the Billboard Hot 100 dated 20 December 1986 with a number 83 debut. In January 1987, the song returned Ronstadt to the Top 40 after a four-year absence to eventually peak at number 2 on the week of March 14.
Music video
The music video for the song was directed, produced, and edited by Jeffrey Abelson. It was filmed in New York City and features Ronstadt and Ingram, in two separate rooms, sitting at their desks while drawing and coloring scenes from the film. They both look out the windows, in the same manner as Fievel and Tanya in it. Clips from the film appear throughout the video.
Theme
The lyrics convey the love felt by two people separated by vast distances, but cheered by the belief that their love will eventually reunite them to be with each other once again. In the main body of the film, the fictional characters singing the song, Fievel and Tanya Mousekewitz, are brother and sister, and the love they share is described as general. However, in the end title pop version of it, the love is described as more romantic.
Awards
At the 30th Grammy Awards, the song won two awards, one for Song of the Year and the other for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television. It also garnered Ronstadt and Ingram a Grammy nomination for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal.
It earned nominations for Best Original Song at the 44th Golden Globe Awards and the 59th Academy Awards, but lost both to "Take My Breath Away" from Top Gun. At the Academy Awards ceremony, Natalie Cole performed the song live with Ingram.
Charts and certifications
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Covers
In the spring of 1987, singer Liza Minnelli performed, in the words of music critic Stephen Holden of The New York Times, "a stunning rendition" of the song at Carnegie Hall for her three-week concert engagement at the historic music venue. The concert was recorded by Telarc Records and released in late 1987.
References
1980s ballads
1986 songs
1986 singles
Linda Ronstadt songs
James Ingram songs
Songs written by James Horner
Songs written by Barry Mann
Pop ballads
Songs written for animated films
Songs with lyrics by Cynthia Weil
Love themes
An American Tail (franchise)
Grammy Award for Song of the Year
Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media
MCA Records singles
Male–female vocal duets | wiki |
High and Mighty may refer to:
In music:
High and Mighty (album), an album by Uriah Heep
High & Mighty, an album by Gov't Mule
High and Mighty (band), an American rap duo
In other uses:
High and Mighty (book), a nonfiction book about SUVs by Keith Bradsher
High and Mighty (shop), a UK big-and-tall menswear retail outlet
See also
High and Mighty Color, a Japanese J-rock band
The High and the Mighty (disambiguation) | wiki |
Roger Howarth (Condado de Westchester, 13 de Setembro de 1968) é um ator estadunidense.
Filmografia
Televisão
2008 As the World Turns como Paul Ryan
2003 Dawson's Creek como Prof. Greg Hetson
2001 One Life to Live como Todd Manning
1998 Prey como Randall Lynch
1992 Guiding Light como Jory Andros
1992 Loving como Kent Winslow
Ligações externas
Atores dos Estados Unidos | wiki |
Opossums are a large order of marsupials in the Western Hemisphere.
Opossum or opossom may also refer to:
Animals
Opossum rat, a species of rodent in the family Muridae
Monommatinae, also known as the opossum beetle
Mysida, also known as opossum shrimp, group of small, shrimp-like crustaceans
Places
Opossum Bay, a town located in Tasmania, Australia
Opossum Creek, a stream in Kansas
Opossum Run, a stream in Ohio
Other uses
HMS Opossum, a series of submarines of the British Royal Navy
Opossom (band), a New Zealand band including musician Kody Nielson
See also
Possum (disambiguation) | wiki |
Carriera
È stato selezionato dai Cleveland Cavaliers al primo giro del Draft NBA 1997 (13ª scelta assoluta).
Palmarès
Campione NCAA (1996)
Miami Heat: 2006
NBA All-Rookie Second Team (1998)
Altri progetti
Collegamenti esterni
Scheda su thedraftreview.com | wiki |
Helen Henderson may refer to:
Helen Timmons Henderson (1877–1925), American schoolteacher and politician from Virginia
Helen Ruth Henderson (1898–1982), her daughter, Virginia schoolteacher and politician
Helen Anne Henderson (1946–2015), Canadian disability rights activist and journalist
Helen Henderson Chain (1849–1892), née Henderson, American artist and mountaineer | wiki |
Are you ready for the country? (Neil Young) (1972), een nummer van Neil Young en een hit voor Waylon Jennings (1976)
Are you ready for the country? (Waylon Jennings) (1976), een muziekalbum van Waylon Jennings | wiki |
Rachel Lindsay may refer to:
a pseudonym of Roberta Leigh, British author, artist, composer and television producer
Rachel Lindsay (television personality), best known for her role as a contestant on The Bachelor and as the lead on The Bachelorette | wiki |
The themes encompassed in African-American writer Maya Angelou's seven autobiographies include racism, identity, family, and travel. Angelou (1928–2014) is best known for her first autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969). The rest of the books in her series are Gather Together in My Name (1974), Singin' and Swingin' and Gettin' Merry Like Christmas (1976), The Heart of a Woman (1981), All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes (1986), A Song Flung Up to Heaven (2002), and Mom & Me & Mom (2013).
Beginning with Caged Bird and ending with her final autobiography, Angelou uses the metaphor of a bird (which represents the confinement of racism and depression) struggling to escape its cage, as described in the Paul Laurence Dunbar poem "Sympathy". Angelou's autobiographies can be placed in the African-American literature tradition of political protest. Their unity underscores one of Angelou's central themes: the injustice of racism and how to fight it. According to scholar Pierre A. Walker, all of Angelou's books describe "a sequence of lessons about resisting racist oppression". In the course of her autobiographies, her views about Black-white relationships changed and she learned to accept different points of view. Angelou's theme of identity was established from the beginning of her autobiographies, with the opening lines in Caged Bird, and like other female writers in the late 1960s and early 1970s, she used the autobiography to reimagine ways of writing about women's lives and identities in a male-dominated society. Her original goal was to write about the lives of Black women in America, but it evolved in her later volumes to document the ups and downs of her own personal and professional life.
The theme of family and family relationships—from the character-defining experience of Angelou's parents' abandonment in Caged Bird to her relationships with her son, husbands, friends, and lovers—are important in all of her books. As in American autobiography generally and in African-American autobiography specifically, which has its roots in the slave narrative, travel is another important theme in Angelou's autobiographies. Scholar Yolanda M. Manora called the travel motif in Angelou's autobiographies, beginning in Caged Bird, "a central metaphor for a psychic mobility". Angelou's autobiographies "stretch time and place", from Arkansas to Africa and back to the US, and span almost forty years, beginning from the start of World War II to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
Overview
Before writing I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings at the age of forty, Maya Angelou had a long and varied career, holding jobs such as composer, singer, actor, civil rights worker, journalist, and educator. In the late 1950s, she joined the Harlem Writers Guild, where she met a number of important African-American authors, including her friend and mentor James Baldwin. After hearing civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. speak for the first time in 1960, she was inspired to join the Civil Rights Movement. She organized several benefits for him, and he named her Northern Coordinator of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. She worked for several years in Ghana, West Africa, as a journalist, actress, and educator. She was invited back to the US by Malcolm X to work for him shortly before his assassination in 1965. In 1968, King asked her to organize a march, but he too was assassinated on April 4, which also happened to be her birthday.
Angelou was deeply depressed in the months following King's assassination, so to help lift her spirits, Baldwin brought her to a dinner party at the home of cartoonist Jules Feiffer and his wife Judy in late 1968. The guests began telling stories of their childhoods and Angelou's stories impressed Judy Feiffer. The next day she called Robert Loomis at Random House, who became Angelou's editor throughout her long writing career until he retired in 2011, and "told him that he ought to get this woman to write a book". At first, Angelou refused, since she thought of herself as a poet and playwright. According to Angelou, Baldwin had a "covert hand" in getting her to write the book, and advised Loomis to use "a little reverse psychology", and reported that Loomis tricked her into it by daring her: "It's just as well", he said, "because to write an autobiography as literature is just about impossible". Angelou was unable to resist a challenge, and she began writing Caged Bird.
Angelou did not write Caged Bird with the intention of writing a series of autobiographies, however critics have "judged the subsequent autobiographies in light of the first", with Caged Bird generally receiving the highest praise. Angelou's autobiographies have a distinct style, and "stretch over time and place", from Arkansas to Africa and back to the U.S. They take place from the beginnings of World War II to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. According to scholar Mary Jane Lupton, Angelou's autobiographies have been characterized as autobiographical fiction, but Lupton disagrees, stating that they conform to the genre's standard structure: they are written by a single author, they are chronological, and they contain elements of character, technique, and theme.
Angelou's use of themes, especially that of racism, connects all seven autobiographies. One of her goals, beginning with Caged Bird, was to incorporate "organic unity" into them, and the events she described were episodic, crafted like a series of short stories, and were placed to emphasize the themes of her books. Through the writing of her life stories in her autobiographies, Angelou became recognized and highly respected as a spokesperson for Blacks and women. According to scholar Joanne Braxton, it made her "without a doubt ... America's most visible black woman autobiographer".
Beginning with Caged Bird, Angelou used the same "writing ritual" for many years, for most of her books and poetry. She would get up at five in the morning and check into a hotel room, where the staff were instructed to remove any pictures from the walls. She wrote on yellow legal pads while lying on the bed, with a bottle of sherry, a deck of cards to play solitaire, Roget's Thesaurus, and the Bible, and left by the early afternoon. She averaged 10–12 pages of material a day, which she edited down to three or four pages in the evening. Lupton stated that this ritual indicated "a firmness of purpose and an inflexible use of time". Angelou went through this process to give herself time to turn the events of her life into art, and to "enchant" herself; as she said in a 1989 interview with the BBC, to "relive the agony, the anguish, the Sturm und Drang". She placed herself back in the time she wrote about, even during traumatic experiences like her rape in Caged Bird, to "tell the human truth" about her life. Critic Opal Moore says about Caged Bird: "...Though easily read, [it] is no 'easy read'". Angelou stated that she played cards to reach that place of enchantment, to access her memories more effectively. She has stated, "It may take an hour to get into it, but once I'm in it—ha! It's so delicious!" She did not find the process cathartic; rather, she found relief in "telling the truth".
Racism
Caged Bird and Gather Together
Angelou uses the metaphor of a bird struggling to escape its cage described in the Paul Laurence Dunbar poem "Sympathy" throughout all of her autobiographies; she uses the metaphor in the titles of both I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings and her sixth autobiography A Song Flung Up to Heaven. Like elements within a prison narrative, the "caged bird" represents Angelou's confinement resulting from racism and oppression. This metaphor also invokes the "supposed contradiction of the bird singing in the midst of its struggle". Reviewer Hilton Als observed that Angelou's witnessing of the evil in her society, as directed towards Black women, shaped Angelou's young life and informed her views into adulthood. Scholar Lynn Z. Bloom asserted that Angelou's autobiographies and lectures, which she called "ranging in tone from warmly humorous to bitterly satiric", have gained a respectful and enthusiastic response from the general public and critics.
Reviewer Daisy Aldan of World Literature Today criticized Angelou for harboring "a fanatic hostility expressed toward all white people", but writer Lyman B. Hagen disagreed, stating that like Angelou's friend and mentor Langston Hughes, Angelou explained and illuminated the conditions of African Americans, but without alienating her readers of any race. Hagen also argued that Angelou promotes the importance of hard work, a common theme in slave narratives, throughout all her autobiographies, in order to break stereotypes of laziness associated with African-Americans. For instance, Angelou's description of the strong and cohesive Black community of Stamps demonstrates how African Americans have subverted repressive institutions to withstand racism. Angelou evolved from wishing that she could become white in Caged Bird to being "forced to contend with her blackness".
Critic Pierre A. Walker placed Angelou's autobiographies in the African-American literature tradition of political protest written in the years following the American Civil Rights Movement. He emphasized that the unity of Angelou's autobiographies underscored one of her central themes: the injustice of racism and how to fight it. Angelou's autobiographies, beginning with Caged Bird, consisted of "a sequence of lessons about resisting racist oppression". This sequence led Angelou, as the protagonist, from "helpless rage and indignation to forms of subtle resistance, and finally to outright and active protest". In the course of her work, Angelou changed her views about Black-white relationships and learned to accept different points of view. It was the changes in how she regarded race and her views of white people that provided Angelou with freedom. According to Hagen, one of Angelou's themes was that humans tend to be more alike than different.
Angelou's goal, beginning with Caged Bird, was to "tell the truth about the lives of black women". Like her other autobiographies, she described her living arrangements, how she coped within the context of a larger white society, and the ways that her story played out within that context. Critic Selwyn Cudjoe stated that in Angelou's second autobiography, Gather Together in My Name, Angelou was concerned with the questions of what it meant to be a Black woman in the U.S. in the years immediately following World War II. Written three years after Caged Bird, Gather Together "depicts a single mother's slide down the social ladder into poverty and crime". It begins with a prologue describing the confusion and disillusionment of the African-American community during that time, which matched the alienated and fragmented nature of the main character's life. According to critic Dolly A. McPherson, African Americans were promised a new racial order that never materialized. Angelou also compares and contrasts how she and her grandmother dealt with racism; Angelou with defiance and the pragmatic take of her grandmother, who had learned that defiance was dangerous. In 1971, Angelou published her first volume of poetry, Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie (1971), which became a bestseller and was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. (It was Angelou's early practice to alternate a prose volume with a poetry volume.)
=== Singin' and Swingin ===
Angelou's third autobiography Singin' and Swingin' and Gettin' Merry Like Christmas (1976) marked the first time a well-known African-American woman writer had expanded her life story into a third autobiography. She marries a white man, and comes into intimate contact with whites who were very different from the racists she encountered in her childhood. She discovered that her distrust of whites had developed to protect herself from their cruelty and indifference. As McPherson indicated, "Conditioned by earlier experiences, Angelou distrusts everyone, especially whites. Nevertheless, she is repeatedly surprised by the kindness and goodwill of many whites she meets, and, thus, her suspicions begin to soften into understanding". Cudjoe wrote that in Singin' and Swingin''', Angelou effectively demonstrated "the inviolability of the African American personhood", as well as her own closely guarded defense of it. In order for her to have any positive relationships with whites and people of other races; however, McPherson insisted that Angelou "must examine and discard her stereotypical views about Whites". Scholar Lyman B. Hagen agreed and pointed out that Angelou had to re-examine her lingering prejudices when faced with a broader world full of different kinds of white people.
The stories she tells in Singin' and Swingin contain "strong forceful statements that convey firmly her indignation and ire about black displacement". For example, when she marries Tosh Angelos against her mother's advice and wishes, she experiences negative reactions from others. Although Tosh treated her and her son Guy well at the beginning of their marriage, he quickly tired of their relationship and she felt used and betrayed by another white man. Angelou moved between the white and Black worlds, both defining herself as a member of her community and encountering whites in "a much fuller, more sensuous manner". She describes the tension she experienced as a Black woman entertainer, functioning in the white-dominated world of the 1950s. Her perceptions of relationships between Blacks and whites had to be constantly modified, despite the attitudes and ideas about whites she learned from her mother and grandmother. Angelou's feelings about race and racism were ambivalent as she began to have increasingly positive experiences with white people.
Heart of a Woman
By the time Angelou's fourth autobiography, The Heart of a Woman, was published in 1981, the success of her previous autobiographies and the publication of three volumes of poetry had brought Angelou a considerable amount of fame. The book opens with Angelou and her son Guy living in an experimental commune with whites, in an attempt to participate in the new openness between Blacks and whites. She was not completely comfortable with the arrangement, however; as Lupton pointed out, Angelou was still distrustful of whites and never named or described the characters of her roommates. For the most part, Angelou freely interacts with white people in this book, but she occasionally encounters prejudice reminiscent of her early years, such as when she requires the assistance of white friends to rent a home in a segregated neighborhood. Lupton stated that compared to her other books, Angelou had come "a long way" in her interactions with whites and people of other races. She remained suspicious of white liberals, but reported on Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s optimism about race relations and other positive interactions with whites. Angelou maintains her indictment of the white power structure, and her protests against racial injustice became a theme throughout all her books. Instead of offering solutions, however, she simply reports on, reacts to, and dramatizes events.
Angelou became more "politicized" in The Heart of Woman, and developed a new sense of Black identity. McPherson argued that even Angelou's decision to leave show business was political, and regarded this book as "a social and cultural history of Black Americans" during the late 1950s and early 1960s. Angelou saw herself as a historian of both the Civil Rights movement and the Black literary movement. She became more attracted to the causes of Black militants, both in the U.S. and in Africa, to the point of entering into a relationship with South African freedom fighter Vusumzi Make, and became more committed to activism. She became an active political protestor during this period, and she used the autobiographical form to demonstrate how the Civil Rights movement influenced one person involved in it. According to Hagen, her contributions to civil rights as a fundraiser and SCLC organizer were successful and effective.
Traveling Shoes
According to Lupton, "Angelou's exploration of her African and African-American identities" was an important theme in her fifth autobiography All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes (1986). McPherson called Travelling Shoes "a mixture of Maya Angelou's personal recollection and a historical document of the time in which it is set", the early 1960s. This was the first time that many Black Americans, due to the independence of Ghana and other African states, as well as the emergence of African leaders such as Kwame Nkrumah, were able to view Africa in a positive way. Ghana was "the center of an African cultural renaissance" and of Pan-Africanism during this time. The alliances and relationships with the people Angelou met in Ghana contributed to her identity and growth. Her experiences as an expatriate helped her come to terms with her personal and historical past, and by the end of the book she is ready to return to America with a deeper understanding of both the African and American parts of her character. McPherson called Angelou's parallels and connections between Africa and America her "double-consciousness", which contributed to her understanding of herself.
In Traveling Shoes, Angelou is able to recognize similarities between African and African-American culture; as Lupton put it, the "blue songs, shouts, and gospels" she has grown up with in America "echo the rhythms of West Africa". Marcia Ann Gillespie and her colleagues, writing in A Glorious Celebration, published in 2008 for Angelou's 80th birthday, agreed, stating that Angelou recognized the connections between African and American Black cultures, including the children's games, the folklore, the spoken and non-verbal languages, the food, sensibilities, and behavior. She connects the behavior of many African mother figures, especially their generosity, with her grandmother's actions. In one of the most significant sections of Traveling Shoes, Angelou recounts an encounter with a West African woman who recognized her, on the basis of her appearance, as a member of the Bambara group of West Africa. These and other experiences in Ghana demonstrated Angelou's maturity, as a mother able to let go of her adult son, as a woman no longer dependent upon a man, and as an American able to "perceive the roots of her identity" and how they affected her personality.
Also in Traveling Shoes, Angelou comes to terms with her difficult past, both as a descendant of Africans taken forcibly to America as slaves and as an African America who had experienced segregation and Jim Crow racism. As she told an interviewer, she brought her son to Ghana to protect him from the negative effects of racism because she did not think he had the tools to withstand them. For the first time in their lives, she and Guy did not "feel threatened by racial hate" in Ghana. The theme of racism was still an important theme in Traveling Shoes, but Angelou had matured in the way she dealt with it. As Hagen stated, Angelou was "not yet ready to toss off the stings of prejudice, but tolerance and even a certain understanding can be glimpsed". This was demonstrated in Angelou's treatment of the "genocidal involvement of Africans in slave-trading", something that has often been overlooked or misrepresented by other Black writers. Angelou was taught an important lesson about combating racism by Malcolm X, who compared it to a mountain in which everyone's efforts were needed to overcome it.
Angelou learned about herself and about racism throughout Traveling Shoes, even during her brief tour of Venice and Berlin for the revival of The Blacks, the play by Jean Genet that Angelou had originally performed in 1961; reuniting with the play's original cast, she revived her passion for African-American culture and values, "putting them into perspective" as she compared them with Germany's history of racial prejudice and military aggression. The verbal violence of the folk tales shared during her luncheon with her German hosts and Israeli friend was as significant to Angelou as physical violence, to the point that she became ill. Angelou's experience with fascism in Italy, her performances with The Blacks cast, and the reminders of the holocaust in Germany, "help[ed] shape and broaden her constantly changing vision" regarding racial prejudice, clarified her perceptions of African Americans, and "contribute to her reclaiming herself and her evolution as a citizen of the world".
Identity
The theme of identity was established from the beginning of Angelou's series of autobiographies, with the opening lines in Caged Bird, which "foretell Angelou's autobiographical project: to write the story of the developing black female subject by sharing the tale of one Southern Black girl's becoming". Angelou and other female writers in the late 1960s and early 1970s used the autobiography to reimagine ways of writing about women's lives and identities in a male-dominated society. Feminist scholar Maria Lauret has made a connection between Angelou's autobiographies, which Lauret called "fictions of subjectivity" and "feminist first-person narratives", with fictional first-person narratives (such as The Women's Room by Marilyn French and The Golden Notebook by Doris Lessing) written during the same period. Both genres employed the narrator as protagonist and used "the illusion of presence in their mode of signification". Scholar Yolanda M. Manora agreed, stating that Angelou broke stereotypes of African-American women by describing these images and stereotypes, and then disproving them, which set the stage for Angelou's identity development in her later autobiographies.
As a Black woman, Angelou demonstrates the formation of her own cultural identity throughout her narratives, and has used her many roles, incarnations, and identities to connect the layers of oppression within her personal history. Angelou also presents herself as a role model for African-American women more broadly by reconstructing the Black woman's image through themes of individual strength and the ability to overcome.
Throughout her work, Angelou explores the women who influenced her evolution and growth. According to Manora, three characters in Caged Bird, Angelou's mother Vivian, her grandmother Annie Henderson, and Mrs. Flowers (who helps Angelou find her voice again after her rape), collaborated to "form a triad which serves as the critical matrix in which the child is nurtured and sustained during her journey through Southern Black girlhood".
Angelou's original goal was to write about the lives of Black women in America, but her voluminous work documents the ups and downs of her own life as well. Angelou's autobiographies provide a historical overview of the places she has lived and how she coped within the context of a racist white society. In her third autobiography, Singin' and Swingin' and Gettin' Merry Like Christmas, Angelou successfully demonstrates the integrity of the African-American character as she began to experience more positive interactions with whites. In Angelou's second volume, Gather Together in My Name, she was concerned with what it meant to be a Black female in the U.S., through the lens of her own experience. Writer Selwyn Cudjoe said regarding her second autobiography: "It is almost as though the incidents in the text were simply 'gathered together' under the name of Maya Angelou".
Family
According to scholar Dolly McPherson, the theme of family and family relationships, which she called "kinship concerns", in Angelou's books begins with "a preoccupation with the traditional nuclear family", despite Angelou's experience of being abandoned by her parents in Caged Bird. Eventually, however, Angelou's concept of family expands to the extended family in which "trust is the key to a display of kinship concerns". Scholar Mary Jane Lupton insists that the concept of family must be understood in light of Maya and Bailey's displacement. Angelou's description of close familial relationships, such as her relationships with her parents and son (which Lupton called "the mother-child pattern") was a unifying theme that connected all of her autobiographies. Motherhood was a recurring theme, explored through Angelou's experiences as a single mother, a daughter, and a granddaughter. Lupton believed that Angelou's plot construction and character development were influenced by the mother/child motif found in the work of Harlem Renaissance poet Jessie Fauset.
Scholar Yolanda M. Manora insisted that three women in Caged Bird—the "hybridized mother" of Angelou's grandmother, her mother, and her friend Mrs. Flowers—taught her how to be a mother to her son Guy. Although Angelou's grandmother died early in the series, Angelou quotes her grandmother extensively in her third autobiography Singin' and Swingin' and Gettin' Merry Like Christmas. Angelou's desire for security for Guy drove her to marry Tosh Angelos in Singin' and Swingin, and drove many of her other decisions, job choices, and romantic relationships as well. Scholar Siphokazi Koyana stated that due to Angelou's race and economic background, her "experience of motherhood is inseparably intertwined with work". According to Koyana, "... Black motherhood always encompassed work". Angelou's long list of occupations attests to the challenges, especially in her second autobiography Gather Together in My Name, she faced as a working teenager mother, which often led Angelou to "quick and easy" decisions. Koyana stated that it was not until Angelou was able to take advantage of opportunities, such as her role in Porgy and Bess, when she was able to fully support herself and her son Guy, and the quality of her life and her contribution to society improved. It was impossible, however, for Angelou to become successful without her extended family to provide childcare; for example, she left Guy in the care of his grandmother in spite of the conflict and guilt she experienced as a result (something Koyana insisted was imposed on her by the larger society), a pattern established in Caged Bird by her own mother when she left Angelou and her brother in the care of Angelou's grandmother.
Black women autobiographers like Angelou have debunked stereotypes surrounding African-American mothers, such as "breeder and matriarch", and have presented them as having more creative and satisfying roles. According to scholar Sondra O'Neale, Angelou's autobiographies presented Black women differently from their literary portrayals up to that time. O'Neale maintained that "no Black woman in the world of Angelou's books are losers", and that Angelou was the third generation of intelligent and resourceful women who overcame the obstacles of racism and oppression. Koyana recognized that Angelou depicted women and "womanist theories" in an era of cultural transition, and that her books described one Black woman's attempts to create and maintain a healthy self-esteem. Angelou's experiences as a working-class single mother challenged traditional and Western viewpoints of women and family life, including the nuclear family structure. Angelou described societal forces, strategies of economic survival, and differential experiences of family structure.
Travel
Travel is a common theme in American autobiography as a whole; as McPherson stated, it is something of a national myth to Americans as a people. This was also the case for African-American autobiography, which was rooted in and developed out of the slave narrative tradition. Like the narratives that focused on the writers' search for freedom from bondage, modern African-American autobiographers like Angelou sought to develop "an authentic self" and the freedom to find it in their community. Scholar Yolanda M. Manora called the travel motif in Angelou's autobiographies "fluidity". This fluidity began in Caged Bird and was a metaphor for Angelou's psychological growth, influenced by her displacement and trauma throughout the book, something Manora states that Angelou had to escape in order to transcend. As Hagen stated, Angelou structured Caged Bird into three parts: arrival, sojourn, and departure, with both geographic and psychological aspects.
As McPherson stated, "The journey to a distant goal, the return home, and the quest which involves the voyage out, achievement, and return are typical patterns in Black autobiography." For Angelou, this quest took her from her childhood and adolescence, as described in her first two books, into the adult world. The setting in Angelou's first two autobiographies was limited to three places (Arkansas, Missouri, and California), but the "setting breaks open" in Singin' and Swingin' and Gettin' Merry Like Christmas to include Europe as she traveled with her Porgy and Bess company. McPherson saw Angelou's third autobiography as "a sunny tour of Angelou's twenties", from early years marked by disappointments and humiliation, into the broader world and international community. This period described "years of joy", as well as the start of Angelou's great success and fulfillment as an entertainer. Lupton stated that Angelou's travel narrative in Singin' and Swingin', which took up approximately 40 percent of the book, gave the book its organized structure. However, Angelou's observations about race, gender, and class made the book more than a simple travel narrative. As a Black American, her travels around the world put her in contact with many nationalities and classes, expanded her experiences beyond her familiar circle of community and family, and complicated her understandings of race relations.
Angelou continued to expand the settings of her autobiographies in her subsequent volumes. The Heart of a Woman had three primary settings—the San Francisco Bay Area, New York City, and Egypt—and two secondary ones—London and Accra. Lupton stated that like all of Angelou's books, the structure of The Heart of a Woman was based upon a journey. Angelou emphasized the theme of movement by opening the book with a spiritual ("The ole ark's a moverin'"), stating, "That ancient spiritual could have been the theme song of the United States in 1957". This spiritual, which contains a reference to Noah's ark, presents Angelou as a type of Noah and demonstrates her spirituality. Angelou also mentions Allen Ginsberg and On the Road, the 1951 novel by Jack Kerouac, thus connecting her own journey and uncertainty about the future with the journeys of other literary figures. Although the reason Angelou traveled to Africa is an eventual failed relationship, she made a connection with the continent, both in this book and in the one that follows it, All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes. As Lupton stated, "Africa is the site of her growth". Angelou's time in Africa made her more aware of her African roots. Lupton insisted, however, that although Angelou journeys to many places in the book, the most important journey she described is "a voyage into the self".
The travel motif is a recurring theme in Traveling Shoes, as evidenced in the book's title, but Angelou's primary motivation for living in Africa, as she told interviewer George Plimpton in 1990, was "trying to get home". Angelou not only related her own journey of an African-American woman searching for a home, but the journeys of other Black expatriates at the time, and white expatriates in Europe in the 1920s, much like writers such as Ernest Hemingway and Henry James did. Angelou's issues were resolved at the end of Traveling Shoes when she decided to return to America. She called her departure a "second leave-taking", and compared it to the last time she left her son with his grandmother in Singin' and Swingin' when he was a child, and to the forced departure from Africa by her ancestors. As Lupton states, "Angelou's journey from Africa back to America is in certain ways a restatement of the historical phase known as mid-passage, when slaves were brutally transported in ships from West Africa to the so-called New World". Even though Angelou's sixth autobiography A Song Flung Up to Heaven took place in her home country, the travel motif continued. Reviewer Patricia Elam described Song as a "journey through an authentic and artistic life".
Footnotes
References
Works cited
Cudjoe, Selwyn (1984). "Maya Angelou and the Autobiographical Statement". In Black Women Writers (1950–1980): A Critical Evaluation, Mari Evans, ed. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday.
Hagen, Lyman B. (1997). Heart of a Woman, Mind of a Writer, and Soul of a Poet: A Critical Analysis of the Writings of Maya Angelou. Lanham, Maryland: University Press.
Lauret, Maria. (1994) Liberating literature: Feminist fiction in America. New York: Routledge.
Lupton, Mary Jane (1998). Maya Angelou: A Critical Companion. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
Manora, Yolanda M. (2005). "'What You Looking at Me For? I Didn't Come to Stay': Displacement, Disruption and Black Female Subjectivity in Maya Angelou's I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings." Women's Studies 34, no. 5: 359–375
McPherson, Dolly A. (1990). Order Out of Chaos: The Autobiographical Works of Maya Angelou''. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.
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Robert Scorpio is a fictional character on the ABC soap opera General Hospital, played by actor Tristan Rogers.
Casting
Tristan Rogers originally played the role from December 2, 1980 through February 25, 1992. The popularity and longevity of the character was furthered by his involvement with the monumentally popular "supercouple" Luke and Laura, whose 1981 wedding brought in 30 million viewers and remains the highest-rated hour in American soap opera history.
While Rogers' Scorpio had been "killed with no body found" when he left the series in 1992, Rogers returned briefly from November 15 to 22, 1995, as Scorpio's spirit to comfort the character's daughter Robin Scorpio (Kimberly McCullough), who is dealing with the loss of her boyfriend to AIDS-related illness and is herself HIV-positive. He returned again on January 27, 2006 till March 1, 2006, this time with Scorpio being very much alive. Rogers reappeared on April 13, 2006 and left again on November 16, 2006.
From August 5, 2008 through October 21, 2008, Rogers reprised the role of Robert Scorpio on the Season 2 of SOAPnet's General Hospital: Night Shift, a prime time spin-off of General Hospital which stars Scorpio's daughter Robin. He was featured in 12 of the season's 14 episodes, and Soap Opera Digest named the appearance their "Best Return" of 2008. Rogers later reappeared on General Hospital for four episodes starting December 22, 2008, as Scorpio attends Robin's wedding.
Rogers reprised the role for a brief period in March 2012, following the departure of Kimberly McCullough in the role of Rogers' on-screen daughter, Robin. Rogers reprised the role once again on November 15, 2012 to December 18, 2012. Rogers reprised the role once more beginning on October 4, 2013 as part of the return of the character's on-screen daughter. However, head writer Ron Carlivati confirmed on November 14, 2013 that Rogers would be departing the series in order to return to The Young and the Restless as his character Colin Atkinson. He departed on January 30, 2014.
In October 2015, it was announced that Rogers will be returning to the series as Robert, while still remaining on Y&R, beginning on December 17, 2015. Rogers wrapped his return on February 2, 2016. Rogers would reprise his role again in the summer of 2016 for a short stint. He appeared from August 26 to September 9, 2016.
In March 2018, Soap Opera Digest reported that Rogers would return to the show, his return aired on April 13, 2018. Rogers departed on June 1, 2018.
In July 2018, it was announced Rogers made another return to the show. Rogers returned on July 27, 2018. In January 2019, Soaps.com reported that Rogers would be returning during the week of January 28.
Storylines
1980–1992
Robert, an Australian, has a heroic past. He was involved in many adventures with his good friend Luke Spencer and his wife Laura Spencer. He has been an international spy for the WSB spy agency, and was police commissioner of Port Charles from 1983 through 1985, then again from 1988 through 1992 when he supposedly perished in an explosion in South America. When he resigned as police commissioner in 1985 he moved to Australia with his wife Holly to start anew, but returned to Port Charles when Anna and Robin needed his help for the Mr. Big caper but after he took down the mob he return to Australia to be with his wife. (Holly was presumed dead soon afterwards, so Robert ended up returning to Port Charles.) The Interim WSB Chief returned to track down agents that were killing other agents.
Robert first showed up in Port Charles under suspicious circumstances, tracking Luke and Alexandria Quartermaine in search of an ugly black statue called "The Ice Princess" which in reality was a large uncut diamond that had a secret formula which could create carbonic snow, which could either help in medical procedures to fix severe burns or in the wrong hands create world mayhem. For months, Luke and Robert believed each other to be the enemy, but when Luke learned the truth about the Ice Princess offered to work with Robert to stop the insane Cassadine family who was bent on world domination. Robert was joined in Port Charles by Agent O'Reilly (Billie Hayes). a feisty older woman who kept him on his toes and unfortunately ended up being murdered by the Cassadines. Because of her death, a vengeful Robert and Luke immediately boarded the Cassadine Yacht, "The Titan", finding Laura there, and stayed out of sight until they got to the private island where Mikkos Cassadine revealed his plans to his esteemed group of guests. Robert, Luke and Laura found help from Tiffany Hill, the mistress of Victor Cassadine who wanted to stop Mikkos from going through with his evil plans. While Robert and Laura held Mikkos's guards at gunpoint, Luke confronted Mikkos which resulted with Mikkos freezing to death in his own ice chamber and Luke frantically trying to guess the code to unfreeze Port Charles. Luke succeeded, and they all returned to Port Charles as heroes, with Tiffany joining them. Luke and Robert agreed the formula and the ice machine needed to be destroyed to avoid the risk of falling into the wrong hands. Robert left the W.S.B. over disagreements over destroying the ice machine and formula, and for a while dated Tiffany, but the spark that had captured them on the island fizzled after a while. Robert was Luke's best man when he married Laura in a big ceremony in November 1981. At the wedding, Robert was reacquainted with Mikkos's vengeful widow, Helena Cassadine, who came to town to make a huge donation to General Hospital but secretly put a curse on Luke and Laura.
In early 1982, Robert took up with feisty reporter Jackie Templeton (Demi Moore) who had come to town searching for her missing sister. Robert was helping Luke search for the missing Laura, and Jackie was searching for her own sister, Laura Templeton, a model whom Laura Spencer resembled. Robert and Luke were thrust into another episode of world intrigue when David Gray, the rightful heir to the throne of a fictional kingdom of Malkuth, was revealed to have arranged for Laura Spencer's disappearance in exchange for Helena's financing his coup. David Gray was killed in a sword fight with Luke, and Robert was left to console his friend when it was believed Laura had drowned at sea. Luke and Robert next became involved in an oil scam orchestrated by Holly Sutton's crime family, the Durbans, but they managed to stop them as well from succeeding in their scheme to fleece the residents of Port Charles.
Robert and Holly Sutton married under strange circumstances. Holly was pregnant with the presumed dead Luke Spencer's baby and was about to be deported, so Robert stepped in and married her. She ended up miscarrying the baby, but she and Robert eventually fell in love. Jackie Templeton was upset by this turn of events and turned vindictive against Robert for jilting her. Robert had a bad relationship with his brother Mac Scorpio when he first came to town because he blamed Mac for the death of their parents. Eventually, the brothers patched up their relationship. Robert was presumed dead along with his wife, Anna Devane, in 1992. Their teenage daughter Robin Scorpio was left behind to be raised by Robert's brother Mac Scorpio. Anna Devane reappeared in 2001, but told her family Robert was dead. However, Robert resurfaced in 2006, when Port Charles was stricken with a deadly strain of encephalitis. It came out he was forced by the WSB to be incognito for 15 years as the only way to keep his families alive; he had no choice but to let them think he was dead.
Robert married Anna Devane when the two were on assignment for the WSB in Italy. The two were married in secret before either character showed up in Port Charles. After Holly "died", Anna and Robert remarried in 1991. When the evil Cesar Faison kidnapped Anna, Robert left Port Charles for South America to rescue her.
2006, 2008
Both Robert and Anna turned up alive in Port Charles in 2006 much to the surprise of their daughter, Robin. During his return in 2006, Robert told Robin he was in the South Pacific trying to track a lethal dose of encephalitis. He said he quarantined a village and torched it, but two potential carriers slipped through the net: one was a chimp and the other was Luke Spencer. Robert and Robin's relationship was briefly strained due to him not telling her he was alive, but they soon became close again. When Anna returned in the summer of 2007, she explained Robert was deep undercover on a mission to recover black market alien remains. Later, at the end of the summer both Anna and Robert were assigned on a mission in the Amazon. The character then appears on the prime time spin-off General Hospital: Night Shift when he narrowly escapes a plane crashes near Port Charles. Jagger Cates rescues him and brings him to General Hospital where it is revealed he has a brain tumor. During an MRI, Patrick Drake tells Robert that the brain tumor is the result of another tumor, and tells Robert he has colon cancer. Writer Sri Rao explained the storyline, stating "When I decided to bring Robert Scorpio back to Port Charles, I wanted him and Robin to come together as a family. The best way to do that would be to have Robert present with a medical condition." Rao went on to explain the cultural reasons for using colon cancer as a plot point, stating "I chose colon cancer because it's a disease that affects so many men and women in this country – but we don't really talk about it. [...] This is one of the cancers that can most easily be prevented if only people will get screened. Hopefully, we can raise awareness of this with our viewers." Rao reached out to the National Colorectal Cancer Research Alliance to make sure he conveyed the story "authentically, responsibly and realistically". Robert falls into a coma, and both Mac Scorpio (John J. York) and Anna Devane (Finola Hughes) make appearances on the series to support the character. York took the opportunity to speak out and raise awareness on colon cancer. While in a coma, Robert dreams of Anna, Robin, Luke Spencer, Sean Donely and Tiffany Donely in a flashback to their old life in the 1980s. He comes out of the coma on October 14, 2008 and leaves for further treatment in Europe.
2012–14
In February 2012, Robert returns to Port Charles, after receiving news Robin had died in an explosion. Robert's guilt over what he deems as his inability to protect Robin prompts him to consider suicide by jumping off of a bridge. However, a despondent Robert is found by Luke, who tells Robert Ethan Lovett is his son, in an effort to pull Robert back from the brink. Luke, along with assistance from Holly, concocts an elaborate story that Ethan had been abducted by Helena Cassadine (Ethan had actually agreed to go along with Luke's lie), prompting him to leave Port Charles with Holly to rescue "his" son. As a result of this, Anna is left to grieve for Robin on her own. Over the next several months, a burgeoning romantic relationship begins to develop between Anna and Luke, with Luke continuing to keep quiet about his lie. It is only following a trip to Switzerland, where Anna had been led to believe a very much alive Robin had been held, that Luke comes clean. An infuriated Anna then demands Luke track down Robert and admit to what he had done. Luke eventually does so off-screen, with it being implied the two men came to blows. In November 2012, Robert returns to Port Charles at the behest of Luke, who has informed him of the return of the long-presumed dead Duke Lavery. Robert, much as Luke had, suspects there is something amiss about "Duke's" return from the grave. Robert is later intrigued by word Olivia Falconeri claims to have seen a different face in a vision about Duke, and recruits Elizabeth Webber to produce a sketch of the other face. When the sketch is completed, it bears a striking similarity to Robert's long-time enemy, Cesar Faison, who is masquerading as Duke in order to get closer to Anna. It is revealed "Duke" really is Faison. Anna though still believes the real Duke is alive. Robert, John, and Anna confronts Dr. Obrecht, and then find the real Duke Lavery. Robert then finds Robin alive, but Dr. Obrecht injects him, so no one knows. Anna finds Robert unconscious, and Robert is put into a coma. Robert wakes up from his coma on October 4, 2013 and is greeted by Anna and Mac. After some initial skepticism on Anna's part, he finally convinces her he saw Robin alive just before Dr. Obrecht put him in the coma. They decide not to tell Mac in order to spare him the anguish of false hope if Robert is wrong. After Faison escapes from prison with the help of Obrecht, and Anna learns from Nikolas Cassadine that Obrecht has been to Cassadine Island, Robert and Anna decide to pursue them to Cassadine Island, hoping to find Robin still alive.
Robert and Anna are held prisoner on Cassadine Island by Jerry Jacks in the same laboratory where Jerry had kept Robin. After several weeks of captivity, Robert and Anna manage to escape in November 2013. They capture Jerry and take him back to Port Charles as a prisoner. The team then goes to Spoon Island and finds Robin alive, leading to an emotional reunion. They capture Obrecht and Faison. Anna decides the only way to keep Faison out of their lives for good is to kill him. Robert is reluctant to go along at first, but in the end when he sees Anna is determined to kill Faison, he joins in her in a joint execution, saying, "If we do this, we'll do it together." Robert covers their tracks and it remains unknown what really happened to Faison. He later announces he'll leave Port Charles to help out Holly and her son Ethan, who got himself in trouble with a scam.
2015-18
In December 2015, Robert joins Anna and Patrick to rescue Robin who is being held by Jerry Jacks again. They storm the compound where Jerry announces Robin is dead, however she actually faked her death to trick Jerry. After Robert and Anna sent Jerry to Steinmauer, they were reunited with Robin and they all went home.
Robert was there for Robin and Patrick's second wedding in January 2016.
Robert briefly returns to Port Charles in August to warn Luke's family about Valentin Cassadine who was already arrested and extradited to Greece.
In April 2018, Robert joins Anna's search for Faison's previously unknown son Heinrik Faison in Switzerland. He was shocked to discover Heinrik was also Anna's son, but he understood why she kept it from everyone.
In May, Peter August was exposed as Heinrik and Jason Morgan was going to kill him, but Anna stopped him and Peter was arrested under Robert's orders. When Peter escapes from jail, Robert leaves town to sort out the mess that was made.
In July, Robert returns to Port Charles to extradite Peter to Steimauer after learning Peter has been found, but Robert later shelved the charges against Peter for Anna's sake. He later works with Hamilton Finn to rescue Anna who was kidnapped by mysterious men who wanted Finn to bring Cassandra Pierce out of her coma. Robert and Finn's half-brother, Harrison Chase rescue Finn and Anna as Cassandra is kidnapped by a mysterious Cassadine. Robert leaves town to find her.
2019
Robert returns to Port Charles in early 2019 with intel on why Anna suddenly went blind. Their search for answers leads them to Dr. Arthur Cabot who went blind as well. They restore Cabot's sight who tells them Anna and her sister Alex were part of his original study to transfer memories from one person to another.
In March, Robert joins Sonny Corinthos (Maurice Benard) in Turkey to find and rescue Sonny's son, Dante Falconeri (Dominic Zamprogna) who has been on an undercover for the WSB since June 2018. After a shootout with Raj Patel and his men, Robert brings Sonny and Dante home.
In April, Robert reveals the possibility to Anna that Peter may not be her son after all, but Anna decides not to pursue that theory because she wants a relationship with Peter.
In June, Robert was booted out of the WSB by being forced to retire despite the fact he still has WSB contacts. He later becomes the new District Attorney for Port Charles.
References
External links
Robert Scorpio profile at Soapcentral.Com
Fictional Australian people
Television characters introduced in 1980
Fictional characters with cancer
Fictional secret agents and spies
General Hospital characters
Fictional characters incorrectly presumed dead | wiki |
Amerikai Egyesült Államok
Dixie, a Déli Államok alternatív elnevezése
Dixie (Arizona)
Dixie (Brooks megye, Georgia)
Dixie (Newton megye, Georgia)
Dixie (Elmore megye, Idaho)
Dixie (Idaho megye, Idaho)
Dixie (Indiana)
Dixie (Kalifornia)
Dixie (Henderson megye, Kentucky)
Dixie (Whitley megye, Kentucky)
Dixie (Louisiana)
Dixie (Missouri)
Dixie (Harrison megye, Nyugat-Virginia)
Dixie (Nicholas megye, Nyugat-Virginia)
Dixie (Baker megye, Oregon)
Dixie (Grant megye, Oregon)
Dixie (Klamath megye, Oregon)
Dixie (Washington megye, Oregon)
Dixie (Fluvanna megye, Virginia)
Dixie (Mathews megye, Virginia)
Dixie (Washington)
Dixie megye, Florida
Ausztrália
Dixie (Queensland)
Kanada
Dixie (Mississauga), Ontario
Zene
Dixie, Avail-album
Dixie, a Déli Államok nem hivatalos himnusza
Egyéb
Dixie, musical
Dixie, kártyajáték
Dixie, társasjáték
Dixie, családnév
Dixie, keresztnév | wiki |
Moment redistribution refers to the behavior of statically indeterminate structures that are not completely elastic, but have some reserve plastic capacity. When one location first yields, further application of load to the structure causes the bending moment to redistribute differently from what a purely elastic analysis would suggest.
When the load is applied to a beam, the beam has the property to resist it. When the beam is indeterminate, it forms sufficient number of hinges to make itself determinate. Hence in this process, few hinges are formed earlier and the rest are formed afterwards. Further increment in load does not increase the moment at the points where the plastic hinges are formed. The increased load increases the moment in the less stressed sections of the beam; hence due to this, further plastic hinges are formed. This process of shift of application of moment in the beam is termed as moment redistribution in a beam.
References
Structural engineering | wiki |
The name Daniel has been used for eight tropical cyclones in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
Hurricane Daniel (1978), a Category 3 hurricane that did not affect land.
Hurricane Daniel (1982), a Category 3 which reached Hawaii as a tropical depression and dissipated in the Alenuihaha Channel between Maui and the Big Island.
Tropical Storm Daniel (1988), did not make landfall.
Tropical Storm Daniel (1994), no reports of damage or casualties.
Hurricane Daniel (2000), a Category 3 hurricane that threatened Hawaii for a time while weakening.
Hurricane Daniel (2006), a powerful Category 4 hurricane that brought rain to Hawaii as a tropical depression.
Hurricane Daniel (2012), a Category 3 hurricane that did not affect land.
Tropical Storm Daniel (2018), a weak tropical storm that never threatened land.
Pacific hurricane set index articles | wiki |
Le Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal est un terminal du Ferry de Staten Island situé dans le port de New York.
Il a été rénové entièrement en .
Terminal de ferry
Transport à New York | wiki |
Cibórium (kehely)
Cibórium (oltármennyezet) | wiki |
Kansas City-style barbecue refers to the specific regional barbecue style of slowly smoked meat originating from Kansas City in the early 20th century. Henry Perry is credited as the originator of the style, as two of the oldest Kansas City-style barbecue restaurants still in operation trace their roots back to Perry's pit. The Kansas City-style sauce is characterized by a thick, sweet sauce derived from brown sugar, molasses, and tomatoes.
Characteristics
Kansas City barbecue is characterized by its use of a wide variety of meats: pork, beef, chicken, turkey, lamb, sausage, and sometimes even fish.
Kansas City barbecue is seasoned with a dry rub, slow-smoked over a variety of woods and served with a thick tomato-based barbecue sauce, which is an integral part of Kansas City style. Most local restaurants and sauce companies offer several varieties with spicy and tangy flavor profiles, historically the sauces were not sweet until Rich Davis, a child psychatrist from KC developed the KC Masterpiece sauce which used molasses and varied greatly from the more traditional sauces used at the longtime KC BBQ restaurants where orders are made at a counter.
Most types of barbecued meat served in other American cities known for barbecue, including pulled pork, brisket, beef ribs, chicken, and pork ribs in a number of different cuts, are served in Kansas City-area barbecue restaurants.
Burnt ends—the crusty, fatty, flavorful meat cut from the point of a smoked beef brisket—are among the items prepared.
Side dishes served with Kansas City barbecue include a unique style of baked beans, French fries, coleslaw, and other classic barbeque side dishes.
History
The Kansas City metropolitan area has more than 100 barbecue restaurants, a number of which are nationally renowned. The area is also home to several large barbecue cooking contests, notably the Great Lenexa BBQ Battle and the American Royal World Series of Barbecue, the largest barbecue competition in the world.
Henry Perry
Kansas City traces its barbecue history to Henry Perry, who operated out of a trolley barn at 19th and Highland in the legendary African-American neighborhood around 18th and Vine.
Perry served slow-cooked ribs on pages of newsprint for 25 cents a slab. Perry came from Shelby County, Tennessee, near Memphis, and began serving barbecue in 1908. Kansas City and Memphis barbecue styles are somewhat similar, although Kansas City tends to use more sauce and a wider variety of meats. Perry's sauce had a somewhat harsh, peppery flavor.
Perry's restaurant became a major cultural point during the heyday of Kansas City Jazz during the "wide-open" days of Tom Pendergast in the 1920s and 1930s.
Arthur Bryant
Working for Henry Perry was Charlie Bryant, who in turn brought his brother, Arthur Bryant, into the business. Charlie took over the Perry restaurant in 1940 after Perry died. Arthur then took over his brother's business in 1946, and the restaurant was renamed Arthur Bryant's.
Arthur Bryant's, which eventually moved to 1727 Brooklyn in the same neighborhood, became a stomping ground for baseball fans and players in the 1950s and 1960s, because of its close proximity to Municipal Stadium, where the Kansas City Athletics or A's played their home games during that period.
In April 1972, Kansas City native Calvin Trillin wrote an article in Playboy proclaiming Bryant's to be the best restaurant on the planet.
Despite new-found fame, Bryant did not change the restaurant's very simple decor, which consisted of fluorescent lighting, formica tables, and five-gallon jars of sauce displayed in the windows, even as Presidents Harry Truman, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan stopped by.
Bryant died of a heart attack, in a bed that he kept at the restaurant, shortly after Christmas of 1982. The restaurant is still open. The sauce and restaurant continue their success.
Along the main inner wall of the restaurant is photographic history of many famous politicians, actors, actresses and sports figures and other tribute pictures of military personnel displaying Arthur Bryant's memorabilia such as shirts or bottles of sauce.
Gates and Sons
In 1946 Arthur Pinkard, who was a cook for Perry, joined with George Gates to form Gates and Sons Bar-B-Q. The restaurant was situated initially in the same neighborhood.
Gates barbecue sauce does not contain molasses; the ingredients, as listed on the bottle, are: "Tomatoes, vinegar, salt, sugar, celery, garlic, spices, and pepper. 1/10 of 1% potassium sorbate preservative added." It is available in Original Classic, Mild, Sweet & Mild, and Extra Hot varieties.
Gates also expanded its footprint in a more conventional way, with restaurants all displaying certain common features—red-roofed buildings, a recognizable logo (a strutting man clad in tuxedo and top hat) and the customary "Hi, may I help you?" greeting belted out by its employees as patrons enter.
Gates has opened restaurants throughout the Kansas City metropolitan area. The chain currently consists of six area restaurants: four in Missouri, two in Kansas. Gates also has sold barbecue sandwiches at Kauffman Stadium during Kansas City Royals home games, and currently at Arrowhead Stadium during Kansas City Chiefs home games.
Other notable restaurants
Fiorella's Jack Stack Barbecue
Fiorella's Jack Stack Barbecue had its beginnings as the second restaurant in the Smokestack BBQ chain, which Russ Fiorella, Sr. had started in 1957. Fiorella's eldest son Jack worked with his father until 1974, when he and his wife Delores opened their own Smokestack location in the Martin City neighborhood of south Kansas City.
Eventually Jack, along with his wife and children, decided to expand their menu selections, adding non-traditional barbecue menu items like hickory-grilled steaks, lamb ribs, crown prime beef ribs, and fresh, hickory-grilled seafood, along with an extensive wine and bar selection.
They also began offering a higher level of comfort and service than most people were accustomed to at a barbecue restaurant. Smokestack BBQ in Martin City soon became one of the most successful restaurants in the Kansas City metro. In 1996, Jack Fiorella was named Restaurateur of the Year by the Greater Kansas City Restaurant Association.
By the mid-1990s, Jack Fiorella decided to replicate the success of his Martin City Smokestack restaurant.
Other members of the Fiorella family told Jack that he was not permitted to use the Smokestack name for his new restaurant, so both the new restaurant (opened in 1997 in Overland Park, Kansas) and Jack's existing restaurant in Martin City dropped the Smokestack name and were rebranded as Fiorella's Jack Stack Barbecue. They also opened a full-service catering operation in Martin City and their third location in the historic Freight House building in the Crossroads Arts District.
They began shipping their barbecue nationwide in 2000, and in October 2006 they opened a fourth location on The Country Club Plaza. In 2014, a fifth Jack Stack restaurant opened in Lee's Summit, Missouri.
The original Smokestack chain closed its last remaining location in 2012.
Fiorella's Jack Stack Barbecue has been featured on The Food Network and The History Channel, and has been rated as among the best barbecue in the United States by several national organizations and magazines. Most notably, the Zagat Survey has named it the "#1 Barbecue House in the Country."
Joe's Kansas City
Joe’s Kansas City Bar-B-Que can be traced to competition barbecue and the Kansas City Barbeque Society (KCBS). Accompanying friends at the American Royal and The Great Lenexa BBQ Battle inspired Jeff Stehney to start cooking on his own. The first smoker purchased was an Oklahoma Joe’s 24” smoker, christened in April 1991.
By 1993, Jeff, his wife and business partner Joy, and Jim "Thurston" Howell were ready to make their mark on the KCBS competition circuit. Their competition team, Slaughterhouse Five, ended up winning eight Grand Championships, including the prestigious American Royal BBQ, three Reserve Grand Championships, and the KCBS’s Grand Champion “Team of the Year” in 1993. Over the next several seasons Slaughterhouse Five won dozens more awards and was generally recognized as one of the top competition BBQ teams in the Country.
Jeff and Joy opened Oklahoma Joe's Bar-B-Que (later renamed to Joe’s Kansas City Bar-B-Que) in a gas station in Kansas City, Kansas in 1996. There are also locations in Olathe, Kansas and Leawood, Kansas.
Celebrity chef Anthony Bourdain listed Joe's original Kansas City, Kansas location as one of "13 Places You Must Eat Before You Die". Men's Health magazine named it America's manliest restaurant. Joe's was featured on Season 3 of Man v. Food in August 2010. It was also named "Kansas City's Best Barbecue" by Zagat.
KC Masterpiece
In 1977, Rich Davis capitalized on the reputation of Kansas City barbecue to form KC Masterpiece, which evolved from his "K.C. Soul Style Barbecue Sauce". KC Masterpiece is sweeter and thicker than many of the traditional Kansas City sauces served in the region. The KC Masterpiece recipe uses extra molasses to achieve its thick, sweet character.
KC Masterpiece was sold to Kingsford charcoal in 1986 and now claims to be the number-one premium barbecue brand in the U.S. When Davis sold the rights to his sauce to Kingsford, he announced plans to build a franchise of barbecue restaurants.
The franchises were successful for a few years, but have since all closed.
Curt's Famous Meats
Curt's Famous Meats was a meat market founded in 1947 by Curtis Jones and sold to Donna Pittman in 1989. With clientele from all across America, Curt's specializes in barbecue prepared with Kansas City rub. It has a long history of award-winning barbecue, having won eight times the American Royal barbecue competition, the largest in the world. It closed and was for sale as of July, 2018 after seventy years of operation.
Located on East Truman Road in the Kansas City suburb of Independence, Missouri, Curt's has been a large competitor in many local barbecue competitions. Curt's was also known for its predominantly female staff, nicknamed the Lady Meat Cutters.
Jones Bar-B-Q
Jones Bar-B-Q is an independent barbecue joint on Kaw Drive in Kansas City, Kansas, owned by Deborah and Mary Jones.
In 2001 Doug Worgul featured Jones Bar-B-Q in the afterword of The Grand Barbecue: A Celebration of the History, Places, Personalities and Techniques of Kansas City Barbecue. Worgul said the sisters' barbecue "represent[ed] an artisan approach that cannot be replicated in higher-volume barbecue restaurants" and calls the location, a former taco stand, "the jointiest joint I've ever seen." In 2016 Ardie Davis called it "old school", saying the barbecue is straightforward, not oversmoked, and not overtrimmed.
As of 2016 the Kansas City Star considered them possibly the only Kansas City barbecue owned and operated by women pitmasters. The sisters do not participate in the barbecue competition circuit.
In 2018 they appeared on an episode of Steve Harvey's Steve in a segment titled "The Queens of Barbecue."
In March 2019 the sisters and the barbecue were featured on the third season of American television series Queer Eye, which was filmed in and near Kansas City. Both they and the restaurant received a makeover, and they started bottling their sauce. In the aftermath they had to put in a second barbecue pit to handle demand.
In 2019 Jones Bar-B-Q's Coconut Pineapple sauce was named by Bloomberg News as one of their five favorite barbecue sauces.
See also
Bacon Explosion
Burnt ends
List of regional dishes of the United States
List of smoked foods
Regional variations of barbecue
St. Louis-style barbecue
References
External links
Kansas City barbecue restaurants
KC Library History of Gates
Kansas City Library Barbecue history resources
Kansas City Barbeque Society
American Royal BBQ Contest Information and Contest Results
American cuisine
Barbecue
Cuisine of the Midwestern United States
Culture of Kansas City, Missouri
Smoked meat | wiki |
Сергей Яковлевич Соколов:
Соколов, Сергей Яковлевич (1897—1957) — советский физик.
Соколов, Сергей Яковлевич (1897—1971) — советский лесовод, геоботаник. | wiki |
Amerikai Egyesült Államok
Daisy (Arkansas)
Daisy (Georgia)
Daisy (Kentucky)
Daisy (Maryland)
Daisy (Missouri)
Daisy (Nyugat-Virginia)
Daisy (Oklahoma)
Daisy (Virginia)
Ausztrália
Daisy Hill (Queensland)
Daisy Hill (Victoria)
Technika
DAISY (Digital Accessible Information System), digitális hangoskönyvek szabványa
Egyéb
Daisy kacsa, Walt Disney-szereplő | wiki |
On Vacation may refer to:
On Vacation (The Robot Ate Me album), 2004
On Vacation (CFCF album), 2016
"On Vacation", a song by Aimee Allen from A Little Happiness | wiki |
Sucrée
Tarte au citron
Tarte à la mirabelle
Tarte à la crème
Tarte à la noix de pécan
Tarte aux myrtilles
Tarte aux pommes
Tarte aux framboises
Tarte au sirop d'érable
Tarte au sucre
Tarte au riz
Tarte au vin
Tarte Bourdaloue
Tarte flambée
Tarte Tatin
Tarte à la noix de coco
Tarte à la citrouille
Tarte des Alpes
Tarte normande
Tarte tropézienne
Tarte au me'gin
Tarte à la rhubarbe
Spécialités | wiki |
Hurricane Eugene may refer to:
Tropical Storm Eugene (1981) – a weak storm that did not affect land
Hurricane Eugene (1987) – Category 2 storm that made landfall south of Manzanillo, Mexico; caused heavy flooding and loss of power for Mexican coastal region
Hurricane Eugene (1993) – Category 3 storm that made landfall on the Big Island of Hawaii as a tropical depression
Hurricane Eugene (1999) – Category 2 storm that remained at sea, passing well south of Hawaii
Tropical Storm Eugene (2005) – briefly threatened Baja California Sur, but remained at sea
Hurricane Eugene (2011) – reached Category 4 intensity, but was no threat to land
Hurricane Eugene (2017) – Category 3 storm that remained at sea
See also
Blizzard Eugene
Pacific hurricane set index articles | wiki |
Managerial history
The following is a list of Preston North End managers and caretaker managers.
Statistics include League, FA Cup, League Cup and Football League Trophy matches. All points averages are calculated using three points for a win.
Caretaker managers are shown in italics.
References
Preston North End
Managers | wiki |
The Cagayan Provincial Board is the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial legislature) of the Philippine province of Cagayan.
The members are elected via plurality-at-large voting: the province is divided into three districts, the first two sending three members to the provincial board, while the third sends four members; the electorate votes, and the number of winning candidates depends on the number of members their district sends. The vice governor is the ex officio presiding officer, and only votes to break ties. The vice governor is elected via the plurality voting system province-wide.
The districts used in appropriation of members is coextensive with the legislative districts of Cagayan.
District apportionment
List of members
An additional three ex officio members are the presidents of the provincial chapters of the Association of Barangay Captains, the Councilors' League, the Sangguniang Kabataan
provincial president; the municipal and city (if applicable) presidents of the Association of Barangay Captains, Councilor's League and Sangguniang Kabataan, shall elect amongst themselves their provincial presidents which shall be their representatives at the board.
Current members
These are the members after the 2019 local elections and 2018 barangay and SK elections:
Vice Governor: Melvin Vargas Jr. (UNA)
Vice Governor
1st District
2nd District
3rd District
References
Provincial boards in the Philippines
Politics of Cagayan | wiki |
The name Fernanda has been used for eleven tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
Hurricane Fernanda (1960)
Hurricane Fernanda (1968)
Hurricane Fernanda (1972)
Tropical Storm Fernanda (1976)
Hurricane Fernanda (1981)
Tropical Storm Fernanda (1987)
Hurricane Fernanda (1993) - Threatened Hawaii but headed out to sea
Tropical Storm Fernanda (1999)
Hurricane Fernanda (2005)
Tropical Storm Fernanda (2011)
Hurricane Fernanda (2017)
Pacific hurricane set index articles | wiki |
Camp Fear may refer to:
"Camp Fear" (Ben 10 episode), a season 2 episode of Ben 10
"Camp Fear" (CSI episode), the 11th episode of the first season of CSI: Miami
Camp Fear (Daria episode), the fourth episode of the fifth season of Daria
Camp Fear (film), a 1991 horror film | wiki |
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