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Daylight is the combination of all direct and indirect sunlight during the daytime. This includes direct sunlight, diffuse sky radiation, and (often) both of these reflected by Earth and terrestrial objects, like landforms and buildings. Sunlight scattered or reflected by astronomical objects is generally not considered daylight. Therefore, daylight excludes moonlight, despite it being reflected indirect sunlight.
Definition
Daylight is present at a particular location, to some degree, whenever the Sun is above the local horizon. (This is true for slightly more than 50% of the Earth at any given time. For an explanation of why it is not exactly half, see here). However, the outdoor illuminance can vary from 120,000 lux for direct sunlight at noon, which may cause eye pain, to less than 5 lux for thick storm clouds with the Sun at the horizon (even <1 lux for the most extreme case), which may make shadows from distant street lights visible. It may be darker under unusual circumstances like a solar eclipse or very high levels of atmospheric particulates, which include smoke (see New England's Dark Day), dust, and volcanic ash.
Intensity in different conditions
For comparison, nighttime illuminance levels are:
For a table of approximate daylight intensity in the Solar System, see sunlight.
See also
References
External links
Daylight Chart shows sunrise and sunset times in a chart, for any location in the world
Length of Day and Twilight – Deriving the formulas to calculate the length of day
Atmospheric optical phenomena
Light
Parts of a day
Visibility | wiki |
The pharyngeal apparatus is an embryological structure.
It consists of:
pharyngeal grooves (from ectoderm)
pharyngeal arches (from mesoderm)
pharyngeal pouches (from endoderm)
and related membranes.
References
Pharyngeal arches
Animal developmental biology | wiki |
The floor event at the European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships was first held in 1957.
Three medals are awarded: gold for first place, silver for second place, and bronze for third place. Tie breakers have not been used in every year. In the event of a tie between two gymnasts, both names are listed, and the following position (second for a tie for first, third for a tie for second) is left empty because a medal was not awarded for that position. If three gymnastics tied for a position, the following two positions are left empty.
Sandra Izbașa and Larisa Iordache share the record for most gold medals in this event, with three. The current two-time champion is Jessica Gadirova
Medalists
Medal table
References
European Artistic Gymnastics Championships | wiki |
Delinquent or delinquents may refer to:
A person who commits a felony
A juvenile delinquent, often shortened as delinquent is a young person (under 18) who fails to do that which is required by law; see juvenile delinquency
A person who fails to pay a debt or other financial obligation
A person found guilty of serious misconduct, gross abuse of position, gross negligence, wilful misconduct or a breach of trust, can be declared a delinquent director (South Africa, by example) by the court
Other
The Delinquents (1989 film), an Australian film directed by Chris Thomson starring Kylie Minogue and Charlie Schlatter
Delinquent (royalist)
The Delinquents (group), a rap group from Oakland, California
See also
The Delinquents (disambiguation) | wiki |
The balance beam event at the European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships was first held in 1957.
Three medals are awarded: gold for first place, silver for second place, and bronze for third place. Tie breakers have not been used in every year. In the event of a tie between two gymnasts, both names are listed, and the following position (second for a tie for first, third for a tie for second) is left empty because a medal was not awarded for that position. If three gymnastics tied for a position, the following two positions are left empty.
Cătălina Ponor, with five golds and one bronze, holds the records for most gold medals and most total medals in this event.
Medalists
Medal table
References
European Artistic Gymnastics Championships | wiki |
Tetley's may refer to:
Tetley, a brand of tea
Tetley's Bitter, a brand of beer
Tetley's brewery, brewery in Leeds which brews the above beer.
Tetley's Stadium, a stadium in Dewsbury, West Yorkshire sponsored by Tetley's Bitter | wiki |
Mr. or Mister World may refer to:
AAU Mr. World, a bodybuilding competition of the Amateur Athletic Union
IFBB Mr. World, a bodybuilding competition of the International Federation of BodyBuilding & Fitness
Mister World, a male beauty pageant sponsored by the Miss World Organization | wiki |
Lockets are a confectionery produced by the Wrigley Company in the UK and Czech Republic. They are sold as medicated supplement to help nasal congestion and sore throats.
Flavours
They are available in multiple flavours including cranberry and blueberry, menthol and honey. A blackcurrant flavour was produced, but was discontinued in 2009.
About
Lockets contain menthol, eucalyptus, vitamin C and a centre with honey. Packets generally contain 10 medicated lozenges.
Ingredients
Sugar
Glucose syrup
Honey
Glycerol
Citric Acid
Vitamin C
Monopropylene Glycol
Colors E122 and E142
References
External links
Lockets Site at Wrigley
Brand name snack foods
Throat lozenges
Wrigley Company brands | wiki |
Families International is the holding company for the Alliance for Children and Families, Ways to Work, FEI Behavioral Health, and the United Neighborhood Centers of America. Each organization is based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Former president and CEO, Peter Goldberg, unexpectedly died.
Susan Dreyfus has been the president and CEO since January 2012.
External links
Alliance for Children and Families
FEI Behavioral Health
Ways to Work
United Neighborhood Centers of America
Organizations based in Milwaukee | wiki |
As of 2023, there are no officially recognised flags for the individual states or union territories of India. No legal prohibitions to prevent states adopting distinctive flags exist in either the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950, or the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971. In a 1994 case before the Supreme Court of India, S. R. Bommai v. Union of India, the Supreme Court declared that there is no prohibition in the Constitution of India for a state to have its own flag. However, a state flag should not dishonour the national flag. The Flag code of India also permits other flags to be flown with the Flag of India, but not on the same flag pole or in a superior position to the national flag.
Former official state flags
The state of Jammu and Kashmir had an officially recognised state flag between 1952 and 2019 under the special status granted to the state by Article 370 of the Constitution of India.
Proposed state flags
The Government of Tamil Nadu proposed a design for the Flag of Tamil Nadu in 1970.
The Government of Karnataka proposed a design for the Flag of Karnataka in 2018 based on the traditional yellow-red Kannada bicolour. The new tricolour flag with the central white band and emblem, was designed to distance itself from regional political parties and emulate the structure of the Indian Tricolour. In August 2019, the Government of Karnataka announced it was no longer officially pursuing the proposal for an official state flag.
Banners of the states and union territories
When a distinctive banner is required to represent a state or union territory, the emblem of the state or union territory is usually displayed on a white field.
States
Union territories
See also
National Flag of India
Flag code of India
List of Indian flags
List of Indian state symbols
List of Indian state emblems
List of Indian state mottos
List of Indian state songs
List of Indian state foundation days
List of Indian state animals
List of Indian state birds
List of Indian state flowers
List of Indian state trees
References
Indian states
Flags,state
Flags
India | wiki |
Duract is or was a trade name for the following pharmaceutical drugs:
Bromfenac, a discontinued pain medication
Dextromethorphan ("Duract Max Strength Cough"), a cough medication | wiki |
Rodney Brown may refer to:
Rodney Brown (athlete) (born 1993), American discus thrower
Rodney Brown (cricketer) (born 1968), New Zealand cricketer
Rodney Brown (equestrian) (born 1948), Australian Olympic equestrian
Rodney W. Brown (born 1951), American producer of local and national television | wiki |
An antique shop (or antiques shop) is a retail store specializing in the selling of antiques. Antiques shops can be located either locally or, with the advent of the Internet, found online.
An antiques shop can also be located within an antique mall, where an individual antique seller can open a booth or stall and display their personal or family items for sale within the mall. These mini-malls are a form of consignment shop, and are often located inside where previous large retailers such as grocery stores have moved out or closed outright.
Normally stores' stock is sourced from auctions, estate sales, flea markets, garage sales, etc. Many items may pass through multiple antiques dealers along the product chain before arriving in a retail antiques shop. By their very nature, these shops sell unique items and are typically willing to buy items, even from individuals. The quality of these items may vary from very low to extremely high and expensive, depending on the nature and location of the shop.
Frequently, many antique shops will be clustered together in nearby locations; in the same town such as in many places in New England, on the same street such as on Portobello Road or Camden in London, or in an antique mall.
Antiques shops may specialize in some particular segment of the market such as antique furniture or jewelry, but many shops stock a wide variety of inventory. Some shops are online-only sellers; they have no physical retail location.
See also
Bric-a-brac
Junk shop
References
Retailers by type of merchandise sold
Antiques
Reuse | wiki |
Parexel är ett biomedicinskt tjänsteföretag baserat i Waltham, Massachusetts. I mars 2006 gick ett Parexel-hanterat test av substansen TGN1412 fel, och resultatet blev kraftig inflammation och multipel organsvikt hos sex friska frivilliga försökspersoner i London. Preparatet hade tidigare testats i laboratorier och på djur.
Externa länkar
Parexel International
Parexel Clinical Trials
Amerikanska tjänsteföretag | wiki |
Bournemouth is a large coastal resort town in the Borough of Bournemouth in Dorset, England.
Bournemouth may also refer to:
AFC Bournemouth, an English football team
Bournemouth (UK Parliament constituency), a former United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency
Bournemouth F.C., an English football team
Bournemouth railway station, the main railway station serving the town of Bournemouth
Bournemouth, in the List of British airships
See also
Bournemouth Airport
Bournemouth School
Bournemouth University
Bournemouth Gardens | wiki |
The Big Four Grammy Awards (also known as the General Field) are four Grammy awards presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences which go to musical acts and works which are not restricted by genre or another criterion.
Unlike the other Grammy awards, the nomination and voting process for the Big Four are open to all Academy voting members. They are the most prestigious and important awards at the ceremony.
The Big Four include:
Album of the Year is awarded to the performer, songwriter(s), and the production team of a full album.
Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the production team of a single song.
Song of the Year is awarded to the songwriter(s) of a single song.
Best New Artist is awarded to an artist without reference to a song or album.
Recipients
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
See also
List of Grammy Award categories
References
Grammy Awards
Grammy Award for Album of the Year
Grammy Award for Record of the Year
Grammy Award for Song of the Year | wiki |
Monofonia (musica) – tecnica musicale
Monofonia (audio) – tecnica di registrazione audio | wiki |
The 2017 Virginia Cavaliers men's soccer team represented University of Virginia during the 2017 NCAA Division I men's soccer season. The Cavaliers were led by head coach George Gelnovatch, in his twenty-second season. They play home games at Klöckner Stadium. This was the team's 77th season playing organized men's college soccer and their 64th playing in the Atlantic Coast Conference.
Roster
Updated 07/28/17
Coaching Staff
Source:
Schedule
Source:
|-
!colspan=6 style=""| Exhibition
|-
!colspan=6 style=""| Regular season
|-
!colspan=6 style=""| ACC Tournament
|-
!colspan=6 style=""| NCAA Tournament
Awards and honors
Rankings
MLS Draft
The following members of the 2017 Virginia Cavaliers men's soccer team were selected in the 2018 MLS SuperDraft.
References
2017 Atlantic Coast Conference men's soccer season
2017
2017 in sports in Virginia
American men's college soccer teams 2017 season
Virginia Cavaliers | wiki |
Port(s) of Call may refer to:
Port of call (nautical term), an intermediate stop for a ship on its sailing itinerary
Film
Ports of Call (film), a 1925 American silent film
Port of Call (1948 film), a Swedish film by Ingmar Bergman
Port of Call (2015 film), a Hong Kong film by Philip Yung
Literature
Ports of Call (Maalouf novel), a 1991 novel by Amin Maalouf
Ports of Call (Vance novel), a 1998 novel by Jack Vance
Music
Ports of Call, or Escales, a 1922 orchestral suite by Jacques Ibert
"Port of Call", a 1996 song by Porter Ricks from Biokinetics
Other uses
Ports of Call (video game), a 1987 business simulation game
Denver Ports of Call, a defunct United States private airline
See also | wiki |
Colles may refer to:
Abraham Colles (1773–1843), Irish professor of anatomy
Christopher Colles (1739–1816), engineer and inventor
Colles' fracture, a fracture of the distal radius bone
Fascia of Colles, serves to bind down the muscles of the root of the penis
Plural of collis, a term used in planetary nomenclature to refer to small hills or knobs | wiki |
Hillary Scott peut désigner :
Hillary Scott (1983-), actrice pornographique américaine ;
Hillary Scott (1986-), chanteuse américaine. | wiki |
UTC+09:30 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +09:30.
As standard time (year-round)
Principal cities: Darwin, Alice Springs
Oceania
Australia – Central Standard Time (ACST)
Northern Territory
As standard time (Southern Hemisphere winter)
Principal cities: Adelaide, Broken Hill
Oceania
Australia – Central Standard Time (ACST)
New South Wales
Broken Hill
South Australia
See also
Time in Australia
References
UTC offsets | wiki |
A standing proxy is one that exists until revoked. This is in contrast to a proxy that is designated for a temporary or one-time use. A special proxy takes priority over a standing proxy, and the standing proxy is temporarily suspended when the principal or his special proxy are present. As U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Info notes:
References
Corporate governance | wiki |
An out-of-body experience (OBE or sometimes OOBE) is a phenomenon in which a person perceives the world from a location outside their physical body. An OBE is a form of autoscopy (literally "seeing self"), although this term is more commonly used to refer to the pathological condition of seeing a second self, or doppelgänger.
The term out-of-body experience was introduced in 1943 by G. N. M. Tyrrell in his book Apparitions, and was adopted by researchers such as Celia Green, and Robert Monroe, as an alternative to belief-centric labels such as "astral projection" or "spirit walking". OBEs can be induced by traumatic brain injuries, sensory deprivation, near-death experiences, dissociative and psychedelic drugs, dehydration, sleep disorders, dreaming, and electrical stimulation of the brain, among other causes. It can also be deliberately induced by some. One in ten people has an OBE once, or more commonly, several times in their life.
Psychologists and neuroscientists regard OBEs as dissociative experiences occurring along different psychological and neurological factors.
Spontaneous OBEs
During/near sleep
Those experiencing OBEs sometimes report (among other types of immediate and spontaneous experience) a preceding and initiating lucid-dream state. In many cases, people who claim to have had an OBE report being on the verge of sleep, or being already asleep shortly before the experience. A large percentage of these cases refer to situations where the sleep was not particularly deep (due to illness, noises in other rooms, emotional stress, exhaustion from overworking, frequent re-awakening, etc.). In most of these cases subjects perceive themselves as being awake; about half of them note a feeling of sleep paralysis.
Near-death experiences
Another form of spontaneous OBE is the near-death experience (NDE). Some subjects report having had an OBE at times of severe physical trauma such as near-drownings or major surgery. Near-death experiences may include subjective impressions of being outside the physical body, sometimes visions of deceased relatives and religious figures, and transcendence of ego and spatiotemporal boundaries. The experience typically includes such factors as: a sense of being dead; a feeling of peace and painlessness; hearing of various non-physical sounds, an out-of-body experience; a tunnel experience (the sense of moving up or through a narrow passageway); encountering "beings of light" and a God-like figure or similar entities; being given a "life review", and a reluctance to return to life.
Resulting from extreme physical effort
Along the same lines as an NDE, extreme physical effort during activities such as high-altitude climbing and marathon running can induce OBEs. A sense of bilocation may be experienced, with both ground and air-based perspectives being experienced simultaneously.
Induced OBEs
Chemical
OBEs can be induced by hallucinogens (particularly dissociatives) such as psilocybin, ketamine, DMT, MDA, and LSD.
Mental induction
Falling asleep physically without losing awareness. The "Mind Awake, Body Asleep" state is widely suggested as a cause of OBEs, voluntary and otherwise. Thomas Edison used this state to tackle problems while working on his inventions. He would rest a silver dollar on his head while sitting with a metal bucket in a chair. As he drifted off, the coin would noisily fall into the bucket, restoring some of his alertness. OBE pioneer Sylvan Muldoon more simply used a forearm held perpendicular in bed as the falling object. Salvador Dalí was said to use a similar "paranoiac-critical" method to gain odd visions which inspired his paintings. Deliberately teetering between awake and asleep states is known to cause spontaneous trance episodes at the onset of sleep which are ultimately helpful when attempting to induce an OBE. By moving deeper and deeper into relaxation, one eventually encounters a "slipping" feeling if the mind is still alert. This slipping is reported to feel like leaving the physical body. Some consider progressive muscle relaxation as an active form of sensory deprivation.
Deep trance, meditation and visualization. The types of visualizations vary; some common analogies include climbing a rope to "pull out" of one's body, floating out of one's body, getting shot out of a cannon, and other similar approaches. This technique is considered hard to use for people who cannot properly relax. One example of such a technique is the popular Golden Dawn "Body of Light" Technique.
Mechanical induction
Brainwave synchronization via audio/visual stimulation. Binaural beats can be used to induce specific brainwave frequencies, notably those predominant in various mind awake/body asleep states. Binaural induction of a "body asleep" 4 Hertz brainwave frequency was observed as effective by the Monroe Institute, and some authors consider binaural beats to be significantly supportive of OBE initiation when used in conjunction with other techniques. Simultaneous introduction of "mind awake" beta frequencies (detectable in the brains of normal, relaxed awakened individuals) was also observed as constructive. Another popular technology uses sinusoidal wave pulses to achieve similar results, and the drumming accompanying Native American religious ceremonies is also believed to have heightened receptivity to "other worlds" through brainwave entrainment mechanisms.
Direct stimulation of the vestibular cortex.
Electrical stimulation of the brain, particularly the temporoparietal junction (see Blanke study below).
Sensory deprivation. This approach aims to induce intense disorientation by removal of space and time references. Flotation tanks or pink noise played through headphones are often employed for this purpose.
Sensory overload, the opposite of sensory deprivation. The subject can for instance be rocked for a long time in a specially designed cradle, or submitted to light forms of torture, to cause the brain to shut itself off from all sensory input. Both conditions tend to cause confusion and this disorientation often permits the subject to experience vivid, ethereal out-of-body experiences.
Strong g-forces that causes blood to drain from parts of the brain, as experienced for example in high-performance aircraft or high-G training for pilots and astronauts.
An apparatus that uses a head-mounted display and a touch that confuses the sense of proprioception (and which can also create the sensation of additional limbs).
OBE theories
Psychological
In the fields of cognitive science and psychology OBEs are considered dissociative experiences arising from different psychological and neurological factors. Scientists consider the OBE to be an experience from a mental state, like a dream or an altered state of consciousness without recourse to the paranormal.
Charles Richet (1887) held that OBEs are created by the subject's memory and imagination processes and are no different from dreams. James H. Hyslop (1912) wrote that OBEs occur when the activity of the subconscious mind dramatizes certain images to give the impression the subject is in a different physical location.
Eugéne Osty (1930) considered OBEs to be nothing more than the product of imagination. Other early researchers (such as Schmeing, 1938) supported psychophysiological theories. G. N. M. Tyrrell interpreted OBEs as hallucinatory constructs relating to subconscious levels of personality.
Donovan Rawcliffe (1959) connected the OBE experience with psychosis and hysteria. Other researchers have discussed the phenomena of the OBE in terms of a distortion of the body image (Horowitz, 1970) and depersonalization (Whitlock, 1978). The psychologists Nandor Fodor (1959) and Jan Ehrenwald (1974) proposed that an OBE is a defense mechanism designed to deal with the threat of death. According to (Irin and Watt, 2007) Jan Ehrenwald had described the out-of-body experience (OBE) "as an imaginal confirmation of the quest for immortality, a delusory attempt to assure ourselves that we possess a soul that exists independently of the physical body". The psychologists Donald Hebb (1960) and Cyril Burt (1968) wrote on the psychological interpretation of the OBE involving body image and visual imagery. Graham Reed (1974) suggested that the OBE is a stress reaction to a painful situation, such as the loss of love. John Palmer (1978) wrote that the OBE is a response to a body image change causing a threat to personal identity.
Carl Sagan (1977) and Barbara Honegger (1983) wrote that the OBE experience may be based on a rebirth fantasy or reliving of the birth process based on reports of tunnel-like passageways and a cord-like connection by some OBErs which they compared to an umbilical cord. Susan Blackmore (1978) came to the conclusion that the OBE is a hallucinatory fantasy as it has the characteristics of imaginary perceptions, perceptual distortions and fantasy-like perceptions of the self (such as having no body). Ronald Siegel (1980) also wrote that OBEs are hallucinatory fantasies.
Harvey Irwin (1985) presented a theory of the OBE involving attentional cognitive processes and somatic sensory activity. His theory involved a cognitive personality construct known as psychological absorption and gave instances of the classification of an OBE as examples of autoscopy, depersonalization and mental dissociation. The psychophysiologist Stephen Laberge (1985) has written that the explanation for OBEs can be found in lucid dreaming. David Hufford (1989) linked the OBE experience with a phenomenon he described as a nightmare waking experience, a type of sleep paralysis. Other scientists have also linked OBEs to cases of hypnagogia and sleep paralysis (cataplexy).
In case studies fantasy proneness has been shown to be higher among OBErs than those who have not had an OBE. The data has shown a link between the OBE experience in some cases to fantasy prone personality (FPP). In a case study involving 167 participants the findings revealed that those who claimed to have experienced the OBE were "more fantasy prone, higher in their belief in the paranormal and displayed greater somatoform dissociation." Research from studies has also suggested that OBEs are related to cognitive-perceptual schizotypy.
Terence Hines (2003) has written that spontaneous out-of-body experiences can be generated by artificial stimulation of the brain and this strongly suggests that the OBE experience is caused from "temporary, minor brain malfunctions, not by the person's spirit (or whatever) actually leaving the body." In a study review of neurological and neurocognitive data (Bünning and Blanke, 2005) wrote that OBEs are due to "functional disintegration of lower-level multisensory processing and abnormal higher-level self-processing at the temporoparietal junction." Some scientists suspect that OBEs are the result of a mismatch between visual and tactile signals.
Richard Wiseman (2011) has noted that OBE research has focused on finding a psychological explanation and "out-of-body experiences are not paranormal and do not provide evidence for the soul. Instead, they reveal something far more remarkable about the everyday workings of your brain and body." A study conducted by Jason Braithwaite and colleagues (2011) linked the OBE to "neural instabilities in the brain's temporal lobes and to errors in the body's sense of itself". Braithwaite et al. (2013) reported that the "current and dominant view is that the OBE occurs due to a temporary disruption in multi-sensory integration processes."
Paranormal
Writers in the fields of parapsychology and occultism have written that OBEs are not psychological and that a soul, spirit or subtle body can detach itself out of the body and visit distant locations. Out-of-the-body experiences were known during the Victorian period in spiritualist literature as "travelling clairvoyance". In old Indian scriptures, such a state of consciousness is also referred to as Turiya, which can be achieved by deep yogic and meditative activities, during which a yogi may be liberated from the duality of mind and body, allowing them to intentionally leave the body and then return to it. The body carrying out this journey is called "Vigyan dehi" ("Scientific body"). The psychical researcher Frederic Myers referred to the OBE as a "psychical excursion". An early study that described alleged cases of OBE was the two-volume Phantasms of the Living, published in 1886 by the psychical researchers Edmund Gurney, Myers, and Frank Podmore. The book was largely criticized by the scientific community because the anecdotal reports in almost every case lacked evidential substantiation.
The theosophist Arthur Powell (1927) was an early author to advocate the subtle body theory of OBEs. Sylvan Muldoon (1936) embraced the concept of an etheric body to explain the OBE experience. The psychical researcher Ernesto Bozzano (1938) had also supported a similar view describing the phenomena of the OBE experience in terms of bilocation in which an "etheric body" can release itself from the physical body in rare circumstances. The subtle body theory was also supported by occult writers such as Ralph Shirley (1938), Benjamin Walker (1977), and Douglas Baker (1979). James Baker (1954) wrote that a mental body enters an "intercosmic region" during the OBE. Robert Crookall supported the subtle body theory of OBEs in several publications.
The paranormal interpretation of OBEs has not been supported by all researchers within the study of parapsychology. Gardner Murphy (1961) wrote that OBEs are "not very far from the known terrain of general psychology, which we are beginning to understand more and more without recourse to the paranormal".
In the 1970s, Karlis Osis conducted many OBE experiments with the psychic Alex Tanous. In one series of these experiments, he was asked whilst in an OBE state whether he could identify coloured targets that were placed in remote locations. Osis reported that there were 114 hits in 197 trials. However, the controls for the experiments have been criticized and, according to Susan Blackmore, the final result was not particularly significant since 108 hits would have been expected by chance alone. Blackmore noted that the results provide "no evidence for accurate perception in the OBE".
In April 1977, a patient from Harborview Medical Center known as Maria claimed to have experienced an out-of-body experience. During her OBE she claimed to have floated outside her body and outside the hospital. Maria later told her social worker Kimberly Clark that during the OBE she had observed a tennis shoe on the third floor window ledge to the north side of the building. Clark then went to the north wing of the building and by looking out of the window could see a tennis shoe on one of the ledges. Clark published the account in 1984. The story has since been used in many paranormal books as evidence that a spirit can leave the body.
In 1996, Hayden Ebbern, Sean Mulligan and Barry Beyerstein visited the Medical Center to investigate Clark's story. They placed a tennis shoe on the same ledge and found that it was visible from within the building and could easily have been observed by a patient lying in bed. They also discovered that the tennis shoe was easy to observe from outside the building and suggested that Maria may have overheard a comment about it during her three days in the hospital and then incorporated it into her OBE. They concluded "Maria's story merely reveals the naiveté and the power of wishful thinking" from OBE researchers seeking a paranormal explanation. Clark did not publish the description of the case until seven years after it happened, casting doubt on the story. Richard Wiseman has said that although the story is not evidence for anything paranormal it has been "endlessly repeated by writers who either couldn't be bothered to check the facts, or were unwilling to present their readers with the more skeptical side of the story." Clark responded to the accusations made in a separate paper.
Astral projection
Astral projection is a paranormal interpretation of out-of-body experiences that assumes the existence of one or more non-physical planes of existence and an associated body beyond the physical. Commonly such planes are called astral, etheric, or spiritual. Astral projection is often experienced as the spirit or astral body leaving the physical body to travel in the spirit world or astral plane.
OBE studies
Early collections of OBE cases had been made by Ernesto Bozzano (Italy) and Robert Crookall (UK). Crookall approached the subject from a spiritualistic position, and collected his cases predominantly from spiritualist newspapers such as the Psychic News, which appears to have biased his results in various ways. For example, the majority of his subjects reported seeing a cord connecting the physical body and its observing counterpart; whereas Green (see below) found that less than 4% of her subjects noticed anything of this sort, and some 80% reported feeling they were a "disembodied consciousness", with no external body at all.
The first extensive scientific study of OBEs was made by Celia Green (1968). She collected written, first-hand accounts from a total of 400 subjects, recruited by means of appeals in the mainstream media, and followed up by questionnaires. Her purpose was to provide a taxonomy of the different types of OBE, viewed simply as an anomalous perceptual experience or hallucination, while leaving open the question of whether some of the cases might incorporate information derived by extrasensory perception.
International Academy of Consciousness - Global Survey
In 1999, at the 1st International Forum of Consciousness Research in Barcelona, research-practitioners Wagner Alegretti and Nanci Trivellato presented preliminary findings of an online survey on the out-of-body experience answered by internet users interested in the subject; therefore, not a sample representative of the general population.1,007 (85%) of the first 1,185 respondents reported having had an OBE. 37% claimed to have had between two and ten OBEs. 5.5% claimed more than 100 such experiences. 45% of those who reported an OBE said they successfully induced at least one OBE by using a specific technique. 62% of participants claiming to have had an OBE also reported having enjoyed nonphysical flight; 40% reported experiencing the phenomenon of self-bilocation (i.e. seeing one's own physical body whilst outside the body); and 38% claimed having experienced self-permeability (passing through physical objects such as walls). The most commonly reported sensations experienced in connection with the OBE were falling, floating, repercussions e.g. myoclonia (the jerking of limbs, jerking awake), sinking, torpidity (numbness), intracranial sounds, tingling, clairvoyance, oscillation and serenity.Another reported common sensation related to OBE was temporary or projective catalepsy, a more common feature of sleep paralysis. The sleep paralysis and OBE correlation was later corroborated by the Out-of-Body Experience and Arousal study published in Neurology by Kevin Nelson and his colleagues from the University of Kentucky in 2007. The study discovered that people who have out-of-body experiences are more likely to experience sleep paralysis.
Also noteworthy, is the Waterloo Unusual Sleep Experiences Questionnaire that further illustrates the correlation.
Miss Z study
In 1968, Charles Tart conducted an OBE experiment with a subject known as Miss Z for four nights in his sleep laboratory. The subject was attached to an EEG machine and a five-digit code was placed on a shelf above her bed. She did not claim to see the number on the first three nights but on the fourth gave the number correctly. The psychologist James Alcock criticized the experiment for inadequate controls and questioned why the subject was not visually monitored by a video camera. Martin Gardner has written the experiment was not evidence for an OBE and suggested that whilst Tart was "snoring behind the window, Miss Z simply stood up in bed, without detaching the electrodes, and peeked." Susan Blackmore wrote "If Miss Z had tried to climb up, the brain-wave record would have showed a pattern of interference. And that was exactly what it did show."
Neurology and OBE-like experiences
There are several possible physiological explanations for parts of the OBE. OBE-like experiences have been induced by stimulation of the brain. OBE-like experience has also been induced through stimulation of the posterior part of the right superior temporal gyrus in a patient. Positron-emission tomography was also used in this study to identify brain regions affected by this stimulation. The term OBE-like is used above because the experiences described in these experiments either lacked some of the clarity or details of normal OBEs, or were described by subjects who had never experienced an OBE before. Such subjects were therefore not qualified to make claims about the authenticity of the experimentally-induced OBE.
British psychologist Susan Blackmore and others suggest that an OBE begins when a person loses contact with sensory input from the body while remaining conscious. The person retains the illusion of having a body, but that perception is no longer derived from the senses. The perceived world may resemble the world he or she generally inhabits while awake, but this perception does not come from the senses either. The vivid body and world is made by our brain's ability to create fully convincing realms, even in the absence of sensory information. This process is witnessed by each of us every night in our dreams, though OBEs are claimed to be far more vivid than even a lucid dream.
Irwin pointed out that OBEs appear to occur under conditions of either very high or very low arousal. For example, Green found that three quarters of a group of 176 subjects reporting a single OBE were lying down at the time of the experience, and of these 12% considered they had been asleep when it started. By contrast, a substantial minority of her cases occurred under conditions of maximum arousal, such as a rock-climbing fall, a traffic accident, or childbirth. McCreery has suggested that this paradox may be explained by reference to the fact that sleep can supervene as a reaction to extreme stress or hyper-arousal. He proposes that OBEs under both conditions, relaxation and hyper-arousal, represent a form of "waking dream", or the intrusion of Stage 1 sleep processes into waking consciousness.
Olaf Blanke studies
Research by Olaf Blanke in Switzerland found that it is possible to reliably elicit experiences somewhat similar to the OBE by stimulating regions of the brain called the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ; a region where the temporal lobe and the parietal lobe of the brain come together). Blanke and his collaborators in Switzerland have explored the neural basis of OBEs by showing that they are reliably associated with lesions in the right TPJ region and that they can be reliably elicited with electrical stimulation of this region in a patient with epilepsy. These elicited experiences may include perceptions of transformations of the patient's arms and legs (complex somatosensory responses) and whole-body displacements (vestibular responses).
In neurologically normal subjects, Blanke and colleagues then showed that the conscious experience of the self and body being in the same location depends on multisensory integration in the TPJ. Using event-related potentials, Blanke and colleagues showed the selective activation of the TPJ 330–400 ms after stimulus onset when healthy volunteers imagined themselves in the position and visual perspective that generally are reported by people experiencing spontaneous OBEs. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the same subjects impaired mental transformation of the participant's own body. No such effects were found with stimulation of another site or for imagined spatial transformations of external objects, suggesting the selective implication of the TPJ in mental imagery of one's own body.
In a follow up study, Arzy et al. showed that the location and timing of brain activation depended on whether mental imagery is performed with mentally embodied or disembodied self location. When subjects performed mental imagery with an embodied location, there was increased activation of a region called the "extrastriate body area" (EBA), but when subjects performed mental imagery with a disembodied location, as reported in OBEs, there was increased activation in the region of the TPJ. This leads Arzy et al. to argue that "these data show that distributed brain activity at the EBA and TPJ as well as their timing are crucial for the coding of the self as embodied and as spatially situated within the human body."
Blanke and colleagues thus propose that the right temporal-parietal junction is important for the sense of spatial location of the self, and that when these normal processes go awry, an OBE arises.
In August 2007 Blanke's lab published research in Science demonstrating that conflicting visual-somatosensory input in virtual reality could disrupt the spatial unity between the self and the body. During multisensory conflict, participants felt as if a virtual body seen in front of them was their own body and mislocalized themselves toward the virtual body, to a position outside their bodily borders. This indicates that spatial unity and bodily self-consciousness can be studied experimentally and is based on multisensory and cognitive processing of bodily information.
Ehrsson study
In August 2007, Henrik Ehrsson, then at the Institute of Neurology at University College of London (now at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden), published research in Science demonstrating the first experimental method that, according to the scientist's claims in the publication, induced an out-of-body experience in healthy participants. The experiment was conducted in the following way:
Both critics and the experimenter himself note that the study fell short of replicating "full-blown" OBEs. As with previous experiments which induced sensations of floating outside of the body, Ehrsson's work does not explain how a brain malfunction might cause an OBE. Essentially, Ehrsson created an illusion that fits a definition of an OBE in which "a person who is awake sees his or her body from a location outside the physical body."
Awareness during Resuscitation Study
In 2001, Sam Parnia and colleagues investigated out of body claims by placing figures on suspended boards facing the ceiling, not visible from the floor. Parnia wrote "anybody who claimed to have left their body and be near the ceiling during resuscitation attempts would be expected to identify those targets. If, however, such perceptions are psychological, then one would obviously not expect the targets to be identified." The philosopher Keith Augustine, who examined Parnia's study, has written that all target identification experiments have produced negative results. Psychologist Chris French wrote regarding the study "unfortunately, and somewhat atypically, none of the survivors in this sample experienced an OBE."
In the autumn of 2008, 25 UK and US hospitals began participation in a study, coordinated by Sam Parnia and Southampton University known as the AWARE study (AWAreness during REsuscitation). Following on from the work of Pim van Lommel in the Netherlands, the study aims to examine near-death experiences in 1,500 cardiac arrest survivors and so determine whether people without a heartbeat or brain activity can have documentable out-of-body experiences. As part of the study Parnia and colleagues have investigated out of body claims by using hidden targets placed on shelves that could only be seen from above. Parnia has written "if no one sees the pictures, it shows these experiences are illusions or false memories".
In 2014 Parnia issued a statement indicating that the first phase of the project has been completed and the results are undergoing peer review for publication in a medical journal. No subjects saw the images mounted out of sight according to Parnia's early report of the results of the study at an American Heart Association meeting in November 2013. Only two out of the 152 patients reported any visual experiences, and one of them described events that could be verified (as the other one's condition worsened before the detailed interview). The two NDEs occurred in an area where "no visual targets had been placed".
On October 6, 2014, the results of the study were published in the journal Resuscitation. Less than 20% of cardiac arrest patients were able to be interviewed, as most of them died or were too sick even after successful resuscitation. Among those who reported a perception of awareness and completed further interviews, 46% experienced a broad range of mental recollections in relation to death that were not compatible with the commonly used term of NDEs. These included fearful and persecutory experiences. Only 9% had experiences compatible with NDEs and 2% exhibited full awareness compatible with OBEs with explicit recall of 'seeing' and 'hearing' events. One case was validated and timed using auditory stimuli during cardiac arrest. According to Caroline Watt "The one 'verifiable period of conscious awareness' that Parnia was able to report did not relate to this objective test. Rather, it was a patient giving a supposedly accurate report of events during his resuscitation. He didn't identify the pictures, he described the defibrillator machine noise. But that's not very impressive since many people know what goes on in an emergency room setting from seeing recreations on television." However, it was impossible for him to describe any hidden targets, as there were none in the room where his OBE occurred, and the rest of his description was also very precise, including the description and later correct identification of a doctor who took part in his resuscitation.
AWARE Study II
As of May 2016, a posting at the UK Clinical Trials Gateway website describes plans for AWARE II, a two-year multicenter observational study of 900-1500 patients experiencing cardiac arrest, with subjects being recruited starting on 1 August 2014 and that the scheduled end date was 31 May 2017. The study was extended, continuing until 2020.
Smith & Messier
In 2014, a functional imaging study reported the case of a woman who could experience out of body experience at will. She reported developing the ability as a child and associated it with difficulties in falling sleep. Her OBEs continued into adulthood but became less frequent. She was able to see herself rotating in the air above her body, lying flat, and rolling in the horizontal plane. She reported sometimes watching herself move from above but remained aware of her unmoving "real" body. The participant reported no particular emotions linked to the experience. "[T]he brain functional changes associated with the reported extra-corporeal experience (ECE) were different than those observed in motor imagery. Activations were mainly left-sided and involved the left supplementary motor area and supramarginal and posterior superior temporal gyri, the last two overlapping with the temporal parietal junction that has been associated with out-of-body experiences. The cerebellum also showed activation that is consistent with the participant's report of the impression of movement during the ECE. There was also left middle and superior orbital frontal gyri activity, regions often associated with action monitoring."
OBE training and research facilities
The Monroe Institute's Nancy Penn Center is a facility specializing in or out-of-body experience induction. The Center for Higher Studies of the Consciousness in Brazil is another large OBE training facility. Olaf Blanke's Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience has become a well-known laboratory for OBE research.
See also
Alice in Wonderland syndrome
Anomalous experiences
Depersonalization-derealization disorder
Epiphany (feeling)
Isra and Mi'raj
Macropsia
Overview effect
Schizotypy
Soul flight
Sublime (philosophy)
Notes
Further reading
Blackmore, Susan. (1982). Beyond the Body: An Investigation of Out-of-the-Body Experiences. London: Heinemann.
Bunning, S; Blanke, O. (2005). The out-of-body experience: precipitating factors and neural correlates. In Laureys, S. The boundaries of consciousness: Neurobiology and neuropathology. Progress in Brain Research, The Netherlands: Elsevier. 150: 331–350.
Gabbard, G. O; Twemlow, A. W. (1984). With the eyes of the mind: An empirical analysis of out-of-body states. New York: Praeger Scientific.
Irwin, Harvey. (1985). Flight of Mind: A Psychological Study of the Out-Of-Body Experience. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press.
Reed, Graham. (1988). The Psychology of Anomalous Experience: A Cognitive Approach. Prometheus Books.
External links
Visualized Heartbeat Can Trigger 'Out-of-Body Experience'. Association for Psychological Science.
Out-of-body experience recreated. BBC News.
Out of body experiences and their neural basis. Olaf Blanke.
Electrodes trigger out-of-body experience. Nature.
Out-of-body experience: Master of illusion. Nature.
Out-of-body experiences are 'all in the mind'. New Scientist.
Out-of-body experience. The Skeptic's Dictionary.
Out-of-Body Experience? Your Brain Is to Blame. The New York Times.
Spirituality
Lucid dreams
Near-death experiences
Symptoms and signs of mental disorders
pt:Experiência fora-do-corpo | wiki |
Celebrities Undercover is an American reality television series, which premiered on March 18, 2014, on the Oxygen cable network. The half-hour hidden camera series features various celebrities who wear heavy make-up or costumes in order to hide their identity, who later act in different situations to find out what their friends or fans really think about them. The reality show is executive produced and presented by talk show host Wendy Williams.
Episodes
References
External links
2010s American reality television series
2014 American television series debuts
Oxygen (TV channel) original programming
English-language television shows
American hidden camera television series
2014 American television series endings | wiki |
Endometrial stromal tumours are a type of mesenchymal tumor of the main body of the uterus. Types include endometrial stromal nodule, the distinct low and high-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas, and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma.
References
Uterine tumour | wiki |
Pennsylvania Route 58 (PA 58) is located in Western Pennsylvania, running 71.2 miles from Ohio State Route 5 (SR 5) at the Ohio state line west of Jamestown in Mercer County to PA 68 in Sligo in Clarion County.
Route description
Mercer and Butler counties
PA 58 travels eastward from the Ohio state line in northwestern Mercer County just over to the borough of Jamestown, where, after passing through a low-clearance tunnel beneath an abandoned railroad right-of-way, it intersects with US 322. The two routes join together and continue eastward nearly where US 322 leaves northward. PA 58 continues eastward, then turns southeasterly, and about later, joins PA Route 18 just north of the Greenville borough line. The concurrency continues into the borough to its junction with PA Route 358. The three routes form a concurrency and head westward – this segment is what is known as a wrong way concurrency, because PA 58 is signed east at the same time that Route 358 is signed west. The concurrency lasts only a quarter mile, and then PA 58 leaves the concurrency, heading south-southeast nearly to the borough of Mercer. Here, the route first meets the US 19/US 62 concurrency. The three routes form a concurrency south to the intersection of PA Route 258. At this complex intersection, the concurrency ends, US 62 continues westward, concurrent with Route 258, US 19 continues south, and Routes 58 and 258 join to the east. Also at this point, the PA 58/PA 258 concurrency is split – eastbound follows South Diamond Street, and westbound follows North Diamond Street in the middle of town. At the east end of the “square,” the concurrency ends as Route 258 heads southward and PA 58 continues east, then later turns southeast. It crosses both I-80 and I-79 near the interchange of the two interstates, just over from Mercer, and enters the borough of Grove City about later. In Grove City, the route intersects with the southern terminus of the PA Route 173/PA Route 208 concurrency, and overlaps with Route 173, continuing southeast. About later, the concurrency ends; Route 173 continues south, and PA 58 continues southeast just over to the Butler county line after spending 39 miles in Mercer County.
A mile after entering Butler County, PA 58 intersects with PA Route 8 in the borough of Harrisville. The route then travels nearly to intersect with PA Route 308. The next major intersection is about later at PA Route 38 in the borough of Eau Claire. The route then travels nearly before crossing the next county line. The road spends about 18.5 miles in Butler County, serving as the main thoroughfare across the rural northern portion of the county.
Armstrong and Clarion counties
PA 58 has a very short stay in Armstrong County, passing through its extreme northwestern tip. Just from the county line, the route intersects with PA Route 268, it then crosses Allegheny River on the Foxburg Bridge, leaving the county just about later.
Turning northeasterly, the route passes through the borough of Foxburg upon entering Clarion County, and then heads northeast to enter the borough of St. Petersburg a little over later. Here, PA 58 intersects with the eastern terminus of PA Route 478, and then about later, it intersects with the western terminus of PA Route 338 at the village of Alum Rock. The route then winds southeastward to intersect with the eastern terminus of PA Route 368 just east of the borough of Callensburg. PA 58 then travels east-southeast nearly to its terminus at PA Route 68 in the borough of Sligo
The road spends 13 miles in Clarion County.
History
The route was originally signed in 1927 from New Wilmington to Greenville on the current PA 18 alignment.
The route was moved in 1928 to the Mercer-to-Greenville alignment.
Connecting PA 458 was decommissioned and reassigned as PA 58 in 1946, extending the route from its previous western terminus at US 322 in Jamestown to its current location at the Ohio state line.
In 1967 the eastern terminus was moved from PA 8 in Harrisville to its current location.
Major intersections
Attractions
Pymatuning State Park near Jamestown
See also
References
External links
Pennsylvania Highways: PA 58
058
Transportation in Mercer County, Pennsylvania
Transportation in Butler County, Pennsylvania
Transportation in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania
Transportation in Clarion County, Pennsylvania | wiki |
Busua is a beach resort and fishing village in the Ahanta West District of the Western Region in Ghana, about 30 kilometers west of the regional capital, Sekondi-Takoradi in the Gulf of Guinea. Busua is classified in the category of towns with more than 5,000 inhabitants, with a paved road from Sekondi to reach the town. The inhabitants speak the Akan language dialect Ahanta. Busua fishing village is known for blue marlin and tuna fishery.
History
Busua has until the 1960s been a town with a tradition as a being an seaside resort for wealthy locals from Sekondi-Takoradi. In the 1970s and 1980s, there were also a number of European tourists who visit Busua, although there was until the late 1990s, neither electricity nor running water. A small bungalow resort was the only tourist infrastructure, electricity in the town was occasionally available in the weekends by a generator.
In the early 1990s, the town was affected, as well as the whole of the surrounding coastal area of a palm disease which affected all the town's coconut trees, so all the town's coconut trees have now died. What remains is a long sandy beach, along a coastline that is free of dangerous currents.
21st century
In recent years the town has not only obtained full electricity connection, but also restaurants and several cottages and bungalows and luxury real estate. From Busua can be reached on foot in about 25 minutes to the west the fishing village of Dixcove, the old original British stronghold Fort Metal Cross and to the east of the small town, the former Dutch fortress Fort Batenstein (in English, Fort Baten stone) can both be visited.
Gallery
References
Literature
Jojo Cobbinah: Ghana, practical guidebook for the "Gold Coast" of West Africa, Frankfurt 2005.
Beaches of Ghana
Populated places in Ahanta West Municipal District | wiki |
Quercus laeta is an oak species in the white oak section, Quercus section Quercus, in the beech family. It is widespread across much of Mexico from Sinaloa and Nuevo León south as far as Oaxaca.
Description
Quercus laeta is a tree up to tall with a trunk up to in diameter. The leaves are dark green, thick and leathery, up to 40 cm long with a few shallow teeth along the edges.
References
External links
photo of herbarium specimen collected in Nuevo León in 1992
laeta
Endemic oaks of Mexico
Flora of the Sierra Madre Occidental
Flora of the Sierra Madre Oriental
Flora of the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca
Flora of the Sierra Madre del Sur
Flora of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
Flora of Los Tuxtlas
Plants described in 1854 | wiki |
Concrete chipping is a process which requires trained chippers or a robotically-controlled machine with an Ultra High Pressure water source (20,000 psi) to enter the drums of ready-mix concrete trucks and central mixers to break away the dried concrete along the drums’ walls. Human teams use tools such as the handheld jackhammer and chisel to manually remove hardened material. The robotically controlled machine, commercially referred to as a "Ready Jet," removes the dried concrete by cutting the concrete with ultra high pressure water, causing the concrete to delaminate from the interior of the mixer drum. The robotically controlled machine is operated by a human outside of the ready-mix concrete drum. Human teams, with help from shovels, wheelbarrows and the like, then pile the discarded concrete on the ground, where it can either be hauled away to the landfill, turned into new building material through the process of concrete recycling or repurposed in some other way. Mike Rowe, host of Dirty Jobs on the Discovery Channel, once described concrete chipping as the toughest job he ever took on.
Maintenance
Chipping requirements vary depending on a variety of factors, including the individual cement mixing truck and concrete mixer, the concrete blends in use and crews’ maintenance practices. Still, many concrete chipping companies advise scheduling chipping appointments every three months. Regular chipping helps companies avoid problems such as lowered drum capacity, sluggish machinery and breakdowns which not only grind work to a halt, but result in costly repairs. Even companies which use chemical blends to keep concrete buildup at bay require periodic chipping, though on a slightly extended timeline.
Safety
As opposed to robotically controlled hydro chipping, which has no safety concerns commonly related to the concrete chipping industry, concrete chipping by human teams is inherently dangerous work. Chippers face a number of on-the-job hazards, including but not limited to flying debris, silica dust, electric shock and excessive noise. Confined spaces are another such danger concrete chippers face on the job. Airborne cement dust can also lead to burns, irritation, blindness and life-threatening diseases. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) helps minimize exposure to dangers tradesmen such as concrete chippers face on the job. This equipment includes, but is not limited to: The hard hat, respirator, eye protection, steel-toe boot and ear protection. The United States Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) also maintains a list of safety tips and requirements to protect workers involved in manufacturing, pouring and chipping concrete. Many companies also require continuing education and regular safety training to ensure both their team members and the clients they serve remain fully protected.
References
Concrete | wiki |
John Haitrosene "Hitro" Okesene () (born 22 September 1970), also known by the nickname of "Nitro", is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s and represented three countries; Western Samoa, American Samoa and New Zealand.
Background
He was born in Auckland, New Zealand.
His brother Paul also played international rugby league.
Playing career
His early years saw him play in both Auckland competitions, for the Manukau club, and for Carlisle in the English competition during the New Zealand off-season. In 1994 he captained the Counties Manukau Heroes in the Lion Red Cup, and in 1995 was part of the inaugural Auckland Warriors squad. He stayed with Auckland for another two seasons before moving the England to play in the Super League. He played for both the Hull Sharks and the Featherstone Rovers before settling at lower division club, Workington Town. There, as in Auckland, he became a cult figure.
Representative career
Okesene was a Junior Kiwi in 1988 and 1989. In 1988 he also represented Western Samoa in the Pacific Cup. He later represented American Samoa at the 1992 Pacific Cup alongside his brother Paul.
He played at either or and represented the New Zealand on five occasions both on the 1994 tour of Australia and Papua New Guinea, and at the 1995 Rugby League World Cup.
Retirement
In 2003 he retired due to knee troubles and became coach of the Ellenborough Rangers who competed in the Cumbria Amateur Rugby League. He was replaced in 2005 but remains in Cumbria, working in the construction industry.
Personal life
Now residing in Cumbria Okesene lives with his wife, Donna and they have three children named Shakayla, Giovanna and Lerocco
References
1970 births
Living people
American Samoa national rugby league team players
Auckland rugby league team players
Carlisle RLFC players
Counties Manukau rugby league team players
Featherstone Rovers players
Hull F.C. players
Junior Kiwis players
Manukau Magpies players
New Zealand builders
New Zealand people of American Samoan descent
New Zealand sportspeople of Samoan descent
New Zealand national rugby league team players
New Zealand rugby league coaches
New Zealand rugby league players
New Zealand Warriors players
New Zealand people of Niuean descent
Rugby league props
Rugby league hookers
Rugby league players from Auckland
Samoa national rugby league team players
XIII Catalan players
Workington Town players | wiki |
Academia de West Point ou Academia Militar dos Estados Unidos
West Point (Alabama)
West Point (Arkansas)
West Point (Geórgia)
West Point (Illinois)
West Point (Iowa)
West Point (Kentucky)
West Point (Mississippi)
West Point (Nebraska)
West Point (Nova Iorque)
West Point (Utah)
West Point (Virgínia)
Desambiguações de topônimos | wiki |
Yambo may refer to:
Yambo Ouologuem (1940–2017), Malian writer
Yambo (writer), Italian writer born Enrico Novelli
Yambo, Burkina Faso
Yanbu' al Bahr, a Saudi Red Sea port
Yambo Records, a recording label
Yambo, a trivia game played by guests of The Late Late Show with Craig Kilborn
YAMBO code, a scientific software package (computational physics/chemistry) | wiki |
Node.Hack is a tap and play-style strategy game available for Android, iOS, Windows Phone, and Kindle Fire, developed by American studio 4gency and originally released in 2012.
References
AppSpy review
Pocket Gamer review
148apps review
External links
Official website
2012 video games
Android (operating system) games
IOS games
Strategy video games
Video games developed in the United States
Windows Phone games | wiki |
Familial hypertriglyceridemia (type IV familial dyslipidemia) is a genetic disorder characterized by the liver overproducing very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). As a result, an affected individual will have an excessive number of VLDL and triglycerides on a lipid profile. This genetic disorder usually follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The disorder presents clinically in patients with mild to moderate elevations in triglyceride levels. Familial hypertriglyceridemia is typically associated with other co-morbid conditions such as hypertension, obesity, and hyperglycemia. Individuals with the disorder are mostly heterozygous in an inactivating mutation of the gene encoding for lipoprotein lipase (LPL). This sole mutation can markedly elevate serum triglyceride levels. However, when combined with other medications or pathologies it can further elevate serum triglyceride levels to pathologic levels. Substantial increases in serum triglyceride levels can lead to certain clinical signs and the development of acute pancreatitis.
Familial hypertriglyceridemia falls in the Fredrickson-Levy and Lee's (FLL) phenotypes. The phenotypes include types I, IIa, IIb, III, IV, and V dyslipidemias. Familial hypertriglyceridemia is considered a type IV familial dyslipidemia it is distinguished from other dyslipidemias based on the individual's lipid profile. Familial hypertriglyceridemia separates itself from other dyslipidemias with significantly high triglycerides and low HDL levels. It is important to recognize that co-morbid conditions that often concomitantly exist with the disorder can further alter the lipid panel.
Etiology
Familial hypertriglyceridemia is considered to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. However, it is important to recognize that most cases have a polygenic inheritance distancing themselves from traditional Mendelian inheritance patterns. One of the most common mutations implicated in the development of familial hypertriglyceridemia is a heterozygous inactivating mutation of the LPL gene. Inactivation of this gene leads to an individual's inability to hydrolyze the triglycerides within the VLDL core. This inactivation of function leads to a considerable accumulation of triglycerides and VLDL in the bloodstream, which then contributes to several avenues of pathology. Individuals with insulin resistance can have even further elevated levels of hypertriglyceridemia due to the fact that insulin is a potent activator of LPL. Therefore, an individual who is resistant to the bioactivity of insulin will have decreased LPL activity and will therefore lead to further hypertriglyceridemia, helping push serum triglycerides to pathologic levels. Beyond the classic understanding of single-gene mutation leading to disease, hypertriglyceridemia is also linked to several different genetic loci permitting additional aberrant changes to other lipid levels in the body.
Epidemiology
Familial hypertriglyceridemia can follow an autosomal dominant monogenic inheritance pattern. The frequency of heterozygous carriers of certain pathologic mutations in the LPL gene can range from 0.06% to 20%. It is important to note that dissimilar mutations can confer varying degrees of underlying pathology. However, most cases of familial hypertriglyceridemia follow a polygenic inheritance pattern involving mutations in multiple genetic foci.
Pathophysiology
Inactivity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays the predominant role in the development of familial hypertriglyceridemia. LPL plays a role in the metabolism of triglycerides within VLDL molecules. Inactivation mutations in LPL will create an environment with an increased concentration of VLDL molecules and therefore, triglycerides. The elevation of baseline triglyceride levels begins the cascade into other pathologies.
The most common acute manifestation of hypertriglyceridemia is the occurrence of pancreatitis. Pancreatitis is caused by the premature activation of exocrine pancreatic enzymes. Secreted zymogens are cleaved to active trypsin and play a central role in digestion of food in the duodenum. If there is premature activation of trypsin within the pancreatic tissues, there is an induction of autodigestion of local tissue which leads to the initial presentation of pancreatitis. Autodigestion of local tissues also leads to disruptions in pancreatic microvascular tissue which can cause an ischemia-reperfusion event at the pancreatic level. There are other varying secondary causes of pancreatitis that can further contribute to the primary scenario of pancreatitis related to familial hypertriglyceridemia.
Treatment
Treatment for familial hypertriglyceridemia should focus primarily on reducing serum triglyceride levels. If an individual has co-morbid conditions, ensuring that they are adequately addressed will aid in obtaining a more normal baseline lipid panel. Current guidelines suggest that when evaluating individuals with familial hypertriglyceridemia there should be special attention paid to their risk of developing cardiovascular disease in individuals with mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia. Individuals with severe hypertriglyceridemia should be promptly evaluated for the possibility of developing pancreatitis. The initial treatment for severe hypertriglyceridemia consists of beginning an individual on fibrate therapy in an attempt to normalize triglyceride levels. Fibrates such as fenofibrate or gemfibrozil are considered first-line therapy for the disease. Adjunctive niacin therapy can be used for individuals who are unable to decrease triglyceride levels through fibrate monotherapy. Niacin is especially useful for individuals who have a high risk of getting pancreatitis. Fish oil supplement can also be used as it has been shown to incur a significant reduction to both triglyceride and VLDL levels. If properly managed, individuals with familial hypertriglyceridemia have a fairly good prognosis. If therapy is successful, these individuals do not have uncontrolled severe triglycerides and VLDL. It is important to educate individuals on possible secondary causes of elevated lipid profiles. Proper management of the secondary causes provides a good prognosis for overall individual health.
See also
Primary hyperlipoproteinemia
Familial apoprotein CII deficiency
Skin lesion
References
External links
Skin conditions resulting from errors in metabolism
Lipid metabolism disorders | wiki |
Dear Mr. President may refer to:
Dear Mr. President (album), 1942 Almanac Singers album
"Dear Mr. President" (Fredwreck song), 2004 Fredwreck single
"Dear Mr. President" (Pink song), 2006 Pink single
"Dear Mr. President", 4 Non Blondes single from the 1992 album Bigger, Better, Faster, More! | wiki |
Greater good may refer to:
Film and television
The Greater Good (film), a 2011 film regarding adverse reactions to vaccines
Spooks: The Greater Good, a 2015 film based on the Spooks TV series
"Greater Good" (CSI: NY)
"The Greater Good" (House)
"The Greater Good" (Lost)
"The Greater Good" (Stargate Universe)
Music
The Greater Good, or the Passion of Boule de Suif, an opera by Stephen Hartke
A Greater Good (History 1998–2008), an album by Neuroticfish
"The Greater Good", a song by Nine Inch Nails from Year Zero
See also
Common good
Greater Good Science Center, a research center at the University of California, Berkeley
Utilitarianism | wiki |
Blindness is a visual condition.
Blindness may also refer to:
Blindness (novel), a 1995 novel by Portuguese author José Saramago
Blindness, a 1926 novel by English author Henry Green
Blindness (2008 film), a 2008 film adaptation of the 1995 novel
Blindness (2016 film), a 2016 Polish film
"Blindness", a song by Metric from the 2009 album Fantasies
Blindness Records
See also
List of blindness effects
Mind-blindness, a disability to be aware of mental states
Willful blindness, a legal term for a deliberate attempt to avoid knowledge of illegal activities | wiki |
The hammer and pick, rarely referred to as hammer and chisel, is a symbol of mining, often used in heraldry. It can indicate mining, mines (especially on maps or in cartography), or miners, and is also borne as a charge in the coats of arms of mining towns.
The symbol represents the traditional tools of the miner, a hammer and a chisel on a handle, similar to a pickaxe, but with one blunt end. They are pictured in the way a right-handed worker would lay them down: the pick with the point to the right and the handle to the lower left, the hammer with the handle to the lower right and the head to the upper left. The handle of the pick protrudes over the head, because the head is not permanently fixed, but can be swapped for a newly sharpened head when it is blunt from use. In coats of arms the symbol is often shown in black (Johanngeorgenstadt, Hövels), but also in natural colours (Telnice) or in gold or silver (Abertamy, Bodenwöhr, Gelsenkirchen).
Examples
Other
The hammer and pick is used to indicate the working day, on timetables. As an emoji, it is often used as a symbol for fans of Premier League side West Ham United and for fans of Ukrainian Premier League club Shakhtar Donetsk.
Unicode
In Unicode, the "hammer and pick" symbol is U+2692 ⚒.
See also
Arm and hammer
Hammer and sickle
Political symbols
Heraldic charges
Mining culture and traditions | wiki |
This page lists the discography of American musical duo Daryl Hall & John Oates.
In the US, the band has had eight albums certified platinum (including three double platinum) and an additional six albums certified gold by the RIAA. They have also had six singles certified gold. Certifications have totaled 14 million albums and six million singles.
Albums
Studio albums
Live albums
Compilation albums
Singles
Guest singles
Other appearances
Music videos
Explanatory notes
Citations
External links
"Daryl Hall: Interview from Daryl's House" by Pete Lewis, Blues & Soul, July 2008
Discography
Discographies of American artists
Pop music group discographies | wiki |
O Leyland Princess é um modelo de porte médio da British Motor Corporation.
Imagens
Princess
Leyland Princess | wiki |
Elaphe anomala commonly known as the Korean rat snake is a non-venomous species of colubrid snake known from China and Korea. Its common names include Amur ratsnake, southern Amur ratsnake, and faded Russian ratsnake. It is a semi-arboreal snake that can be found in grasslands, dry scrub, rocky areas, and on the banks of rivers and lakes. It grows to .
References
Elaphe
Reptiles of China
Reptiles of Korea
Reptiles described in 1916 | wiki |
Luciana Silveyra (born February 11, 1976, in Mexico City) is a Mexican actress, best known for her roles in the telenovelas Rosa diamante, Nora and Señora Acero.
Filmography
Films
Television
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
Mexican people of German descent
Mexican people of Portuguese descent
Mexican telenovela actresses
Mexican film actresses
Actresses from Mexico City
21st-century Mexican actresses | wiki |
In the subject of manifold theory in mathematics, if is a manifold with boundary, its double is obtained by gluing two copies of together along their common boundary. Precisely, the double is where for all .
Although the concept makes sense for any manifold, and even for some non-manifold sets such as the Alexander horned sphere, the notion of double tends to be used primarily in the context that is non-empty and is compact.
Doubles bound
Given a manifold , the double of is the boundary of . This gives doubles a special role in cobordism.
Examples
The n-sphere is the double of the n-ball. In this context, the two balls would be the upper and lower hemi-sphere respectively. More generally, if is closed, the double of is . Even more generally, the double of a disc bundle over a manifold is a sphere bundle over the same manifold. More concretely, the double of the Möbius strip is the Klein bottle.
If is a closed, oriented manifold and if is obtained from by removing an open ball, then the connected sum is the double of .
The double of a Mazur manifold is a homotopy 4-sphere.
References
Differential topology
Manifolds | wiki |
Xanthoma diabeticorum is a cutaneous condition that may result in young persons who are unresponsive to insulin.
See also
Xanthoma
Skin lesion
References
Skin conditions resulting from errors in metabolism | wiki |
Vigilante kan avse:
Vigilante (datorspel) – ett datorspel till Amiga och SEGA Master System
Vigilante (film) – en film från 1983
Vigilante 8 – ett TV-spel som lanserades 1998
Vigilante 8: Second Offense – fortsättningen spelet på Vigilante 8
Vigilante (seriefigurer) – flera DC comics serifigurer
The Vigilante (film) – en bioföljetong från 1947 från serieförlaget DC Comics
North American A-5 Vigilante – ett hangarfartygsbaserat amerikanskt bombflygplan (1958–1979)
Se även
Vigilans – ett begrepp inom psykiatri, graden av uthållighet, se vigilitet | wiki |
Passport to Danger is a Hardy Boys Mystery Stories novel. It is the 179th book in the series and was first published in 2003 by Aladdin Paperbacks.
Plot summary
On vacation in Paris, Frank and Joe Hardy volunteer at a soccer stadium where the World Cup was recently held. There are so many "accidents" that they soon suspect sabotage. Their investigation uncovers a plot to attack the city.
References
External links
Passport to Danger by Franklin W. Dixon at Fantastic Fiction
The Hardy Boys books
2003 American novels
2003 children's books
Novels set in Paris | wiki |
Caroline Todd is the name of:
Caroline and Charles Todd, American mystery novelists
Caroline Todd (Green Wing character), a character in the British sitcom Green Wing | wiki |
Rangi's Catch is a 1972 children's adventure film directed by Michael Forlong.
It was based on a book by Margaret Ford.
The eponymous role is played by a young Temuera Morrison in his first role.
Originally made as eight episodes for television, it was re-edited and re-cut for a theatrical release.
Plot
Four children on a remote sheep station in the South Island of New Zealand hear of the escape of two convicts, and realise that the crooks are responsible for burgling their house while they were swimming. They pursue the crooks, and despite being detained by the police help catch the crooks and their stolen money hidden in a cave, so are rewarded. They return to their idyllic rural existence.
Cast
Temuera Morrison as Rangi
Andrew Kerr as Johnny Murray
Kate Forlong as Jane Murray
Vernon Hill as Hemi
Ian Mune as Jake, crook
Michael Woolf as Bill, crook
Don Selwyn as Mr. Rukuhia
Hannah Morrison as Mrs. Rukuhia
Peter Vere-Jones as Mr. Murray
Christine Elsdon as Mrs. Murray
Production
Sponsored by the Children's Film Foundation.
The eight television episodes were:-
1. The Mysterious Campers.
2. Escaped Convicts.
3. Escape and Capture.
4. Caught At Sea.
5. Packed In The Boat.
6. Terror In The Caves.
7. Jet Boat.
8. Rangi's Catch.
References
External links
1973 films
1970s British films
1970s English-language films
New Zealand television films
British teen films
British television films
Children's Film Foundation
Films set in New Zealand
Films shot in New Zealand
Films based on New Zealand novels
Films directed by Michael Forlong | wiki |
Paenitentiam agere ("Penance for sins") was the seventh encyclical made by Pope John XXIII, and was issued on 1 July 1962. It calls on Christians to practice penance and considers the upcoming Second Vatican Council.
See also
List of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII
References
External links
Source text from the Holy See.
Papal encyclicals
Works by Pope John XXIII
1962 documents
1962 in Christianity
July 1962 events | wiki |
"Dancing Queen" is a 1976 single by Swedish pop group ABBA.
"Dancing Queen" may also refer to:
Music
Dancing Queen (album), 2018 Cher album
"Dancing Queen", a 2012 single by South Korean girl group Crayon Pop
"Dancing Queen" (Girls' Generation song), a 2012 single by South Korean girl group Girls' Generation
Film
Dancing Queen (1993 film), a 1993 British romantic comedy film
Dancing Queen (2012 film), a 2012 South Korean romantic comedy film
Television
Dancing Queen (2008 Indian TV series), a 2008–2009 Indian dance reality competition television series
Dancing Queen (American TV series), 2018 documentary reality television series on Netflix
Dancing Queen (2020 Indian TV series),
"Dancing Queen" (Legends of Tomorrow), a 2018 episode of Legends of Tomorrow | wiki |
Certified Social Engineering Prevention Specialist (CSEPS) refers to both an individual Mitnick Security Consulting certification and a broader professional certification program.
The CSEPS program currently offers one type of certification. To attain this certification, a candidate must attend a CSEPS training course and pass the exam proctored at completion.
The training program focuses primarily on how Social Engineering works through the use of numerous case histories and a detailed breakdown of the psychological principles related to influence. It more specifically focuses on how a malicious hacker or information thief uses Social Engineering and/or Pretexting to obtain illicit access to computer systems by duping employees, and what can be done to minimize social engineering based attacks in an organization.
The course and exam costs approximately US$2300.00 per person. The course is two days in length. The exams takes between 1 and 2 hours to complete and consists of between 50-90 multiple choice questions and an essay section dealing with specific actions taken to prevent Social Engineering in a proposed scenario.
The exam was first designed by Kevin Mitnick and Alexis Kasperavičius in 2004, with assistance from various experts in the psychology field.
External links
CSEPS Course outline from MitnickSecurity.com
Professional titles and certifications
Information technology qualifications | wiki |
Solid Ground may refer to:
Solid Ground (Seattle), a social service organization in Washington, U.S.
Albums
Solid Ground (Gugun Blues Shelter album), 2011
Solid Ground (John Anderson album), 1993
Solid Ground (Peter Baldrachi album), 2006
Solid Ground (Rob Crosby album), 1990
Solid Ground (Smokie album), 1981
Solid Ground (The Black Seeds album), 2008
Solid Ground, by Wolf Mail, 2002
Solid Ground, by Ronnie Laws, 1981
Songs
"Solid Ground" (song), by Marit Larsen | wiki |
Twogether may refer to:
Twogether (film), 1992
Twogether (Bucky Pizzarelli and John Pizzarelli album), 2001
Twogether (John Hicks and Frank Morgan album), 2005–06
Twogether (TV program), 2020 | wiki |
England national rugby team may refer to:
Rugby union
England national rugby union team, administered by the Rugby Football Union
England women's national rugby union team, administered by the Rugby Football Union
England national rugby sevens team compete in the World Sevens Series
England women's national rugby sevens team compete in the World Sevens Series
Rugby league
England national rugby league team, often nicknamed the Three Lions, administered by the Rugby Football League
England Knights, formerly Emerging England or England 'A'
England women's national rugby league team
England national rugby league team may erroneously refer to:
Great Britain national rugby league team, nicknamed the Lions, representing the entirety of the British Isles, also administered by the Rugby Football League | wiki |
Typical Rick is an American television series produced by Comedy Central, created by Nicholaus Goossen and Nick Swardson. Comedy Central declined to renew the series for a third season.
Cast
Nick Swardson as Gary
Simon Rex as Rick
Megan Stevenson as Amy
Chris D'Elia as Lukee Sado
Alana Johnston as Juice Bar Bianca
Alessia Sushko as Alessiaa
References
External links
2010s American comedy television series
2016 American television series debuts
Comedy Central original programming | wiki |
Doc McStuffins is an American educational computer-animated children's television series created and executive produced by Chris Nee (an Irish-American who was an associate producer for international versions of Sesame Street) and produced by Brown Bag Films which aired on Disney Channel and Disney Junior from March 23, 2012, to April 18, 2020. The series centers on a girl who can "fix" toys, with help from her toy friends. It features songs written and composed by Kay Hanley and Michelle Lewis.
The series received positive reviews due to the series' concept and the main character, as well as its portrayal of African Americans (Nee stated in 2013 that Doc is African American, as proposed by Disney during her initial pitch, Nee initially only knowing she wanted a girl doctor) in a Disney series. Nee conceived the series as Cheers for preschoolers.
On November 16, 2016, Disney Junior renewed the series for a fifth season. On April 4, 2018, Lara Jill Miller, the voice of Lambie, stated that the series finale had been recorded and would premiere on April 18, 2020, ending the series’ original run after five seasons, and there were no plans for the show to have a sixth season. Since the show ended, reruns continue to air on Disney Junior both locally and globally, as well as the show itself been made available on DisneyNOW and Disney+. On February 7, 2022, it was announced that the series would be celebrating its 10th anniversary in the form of an animated musical special, which was premiered on August 26, 2022.
Premise
The series chronicles freckled, seven-year-old (eight as of 2020 despite the cancellation) Dottie "Doc" McStuffins who decides she wants to become a doctor like her mother, a pediatrician. She practices for her dream job by fixing toys and dolls.
When she activates her magic stethoscope, she can create a variety of supernatural effects, including traveling through time. Her most regular use of it in the TV series is to cause toys, dolls, and stuffed animals to come to life. They are able to move, speak, sing songs, pick up things, hear, see, and smell odors, and she can interact with them. With help from her stuffed animals: Stuffy the Dragon; Hallie the Hippo; Lambie the Lamb; and Chilly the Snowman. Doc helps toys recover, or "feel better", by giving them check-ups and diagnosing their fictional illnesses with an encyclopedia called "The Big Book of Boo Boos" and another encyclopedia called "The Big Vet Book" for her toy pets when she's a veterinarian. In season four the Big Book of Boo Boos and The Big Vet Book go hi-tech in a tablet form.
Each 11-minute episode includes original songs. During ending credits in season 1, Doc gives advice to viewers about staying healthy. Seasons 1 and 2 have the original intro for the theme song, but in season 3, the spoken line by Doc at the end of the theme song was re-recorded with Doc's new voice. In season 3 Doc opens up a veterinary clinic for fixing toy pets in addition to the regular medical services that she provides for the other toys. In season 4, Doc's Grandma reveals her own magical stethoscope and teleports her and Doc to McStuffinsville, a magical city populated by living toys, and puts Doc in charge of the McStuffinsville Hospital. In season 5, Doc and her toys put together the McStuffinsville Pet Rescue Team, where they work together to rescue pets in need, led by her plush dragon Stuffy who is a great pet vet.
Each episode focuses on Doc and her crew helping another toy in need and after each check-up gives each toy advice from anything that has happened to her or other circumstances. In some episodes, a member of Doc’s crew ended up being the toy in need and even Doc herself has been the patient with the toys caring for her in the same way she had.
Episodes
Characters
Main
Dottie "Doc" McStuffins (voiced by Kiara Muhammad in Season 1-2 and Laya DeLeon Hayes in Season 3–5) is the main character of the series, Doc is a 7-year-old girl who likes to fix toys, dolls, and stuffed animals. She wants to be a doctor like her mother, one day. She has a magical toy stethoscope which is her form of communication with all of the toys. She is a girl with long dark brown hair tied in braided pigtails with a fashionable headband in the middle of her head. She usually wears a lab coat over a long-sleeved purple-and-white striped T-shirt and pink-colored skirt with polka-dot leggings on her legs and violet ankle socks with pink sneakers with sparkles. Her name is used for the series title. Also, her maternal grandfather has survived heart and knee replacement surgery.
Lambie (voiced by Lara Jill Miller) is a stuffed lamb who is one of Doc's best friends. She is very sweet, likes to hug people, and is a gifted dancer who wears a pink bow with her matching tutu. Her other friends are Stuffy, Hallie, and Chilly. She may have a bit of a crush on Stuffy, seeing as she gives him the most cuddles. Lambie also idolizes Dress-Up Daisy and hopes to be a fashionista like her.
Stuffy Philbert (voiced by Robbie Rist in the TV series and Ben Schwartz in "The Doc Files") is a stuffed blue dragon who tries to be the bravest dragon of all but does not succeed at that every time, especially with spiders which he has a fear of. He is also clumsy. He is one of Doc's friends and his other friends are Hallie, Lambie, and Chilly. His design is partially inspired by Figment from the Epcot ride Journey Into Imagination at Walt Disney World in Florida. He owns a pet dog called Squibbles who he has owned since season 3.
Chilly (voiced by Jess Harnell) is a stuffed snowman who is a hypochondriac and does not always seem sure that he isn't a real snowman. He is sweet and one of Doc's more fearful friends. He is also friends with Lambie, Stuffy, and Hallie. Chilly wears a black top hat and a blue scarf.
Hallie (voiced by Loretta Devine) is a stuffed purple hippo and a nurse who is Doc's assistant. She is friendly and treats Doc's patients with respect and good care. She is good friends with Doc and the other stuffed animals. She also has a Radar O'Reilly-like intuition as to what Doc needs during an exam, which she calls a "Hippo Hunch" and sometimes acts like a drill sergeant. She wears a Candy striper nurse's outfit and resembles the nurse at Doc's mother's clinic, named Hattie. She wears red glasses.
Recurring
Donny McStuffins (voiced by Jaden Betts in Season 1-2 and Andre Robinson in Seasons 3 & 5) is Doc's four-year-old brother who usually spends most of his time playing with his toy cars and his friends. He's also a main character in the first 3 Seasons and a guest star character in Season 5. He owns the toy knight action figure named Sir Kirby, who appears in the episodes Knight Time and The Dark Knight.
Dr. Maisha McStuffins / Mom (voiced by Kimberly Brooks (also credited as Kim and Kimberly D. Brooks in some episodes)) – She is the mother of Doc and Donny and the wife of Mr. McStuffins. She is a doctor who works at a clinic. She expects Doc to become a doctor, like herself.
Mr. Marcus McStuffins / Dad (voiced by Gary Anthony Williams) – Mostly a stay-at-home father but indicated in the episode "The New Girl" to have a part-time job who usually cooks dinner while his wife is at work. He takes care of Doc and Donny, his children.
April McStuffins (voiced by Dawnn Lewis) is Doc, Donny, and Maya's paternal Grandmother. It is revealed in the "Toy Hospital" series that she can also speak to toys. She created "McStuffinsville".
Maya Alana McStuffins (voiced by Karen O' Brien) is Doc and Donny's new adopted baby sister, referred to as "Baby McStuffins" before being named.
Emmie (voiced by Kylee Anderson) is the girl next door, Doc's soccer teammate, and best human friend.
Alma (voiced by Amy Smith and Caitlin Carmichael) is Emmie's little sister.
Emmie and Alma's mom (voiced by Chris Nee)
Luca Stevens (voiced by Buddy Handleson) is Donny's best friend.
Rudy is Emmie and Alma's terrier puppy.
Will Wright (voiced by Jay Gragnani) is Donny's friend, who owns Riggo.
Carlos Ortiz (voiced by Elan Garfias and Teo Briones) is Doc and Donny's neighbor who owns Star Blazer Zero.
Henry Diloy (voiced by Curtis Harris) is Doc and Donny's neighbor who owns Aurora.
Tisha McStuffins (voiced by China Anne McClain) is Doc and Donny's paternal cousin. She is the daughter of Marcus' older sister.
Tobias (voiced by Tony Hale) is a Christmas Elf. He appears in "A Very McStuffins Christmas" and again in "The Doc McStuffins Christmas Special".
Santa Claus (voiced by Jeffrey Tambor) is a beloved holiday icon. He appears in "A Very McStuffins Christmas" and "The Doc McStuffins Christmas Special".
Katherine (voiced by Mela Lee) is Doc and Donny's babysitter neighbor who once owned Dress-Up Daisy.
Jacob (voiced by Gunnar Sizemore) is the boy in the park, who owns Super Stuntman Steve.
Dr. Peerless (voiced by Alexandra Ryan) is a doctor who works in the same clinic as Doctor McStuffins.
Declan Smith (voiced by Matthew Wayne) is a shy boy who befriends Doc at the clinic.
Hattie (voiced by Loretta Devine in Season 1-5 and Cree Summer in Season 6) is a nurse at the clinic that is like a human version of Hallie.
Maddie (voiced by Angie Wu) is the girl in the park who owns Norton.
Ramona Marcus (voiced by Grace Kaufman) is the owner of Dart the Unicorn.
Ian Sheridan (voiced by Rio Mangini) is one of Doc's neighbors who's the owner of Wildlife Will.
Tamara (voiced by Kyla Kenedy) is one of Donny's friends who owns Southwest Sal.
Sabrina (voiced by Raven Walker) is Doc and Donny's toddler cousin.
Nia (voiced by Cherami Leigh) is one of the patients at Doctor Myiesha McStuffins's clinic.
Florence Nightingale (voiced by Joanne Froggatt)
Audrey (voiced by Trinitee Stokes)
Dev (voiced by Julian Zane) is a seven-year-old boy who is accidentally transported to McStuffinsville and becomes the leader of the McStuffinsville's First Responders.
Toys
Squeakers is a purple squeaky that looks a like a blowfish and can go in water like Hermie, Marvin, Surfer Girl, Melinda the Mermaid, and Lula.
Angus (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is a Karate Kangaroo who has a fear of fighting.
Anna (voiced by Meghan Strange) is a stuffed monkey. She, along with her brother, Ben, can stick to each other. She belongs to Doc's friend, Alma. She had to stay at Doc's house overnight while her brother was getting recovered.
Aurora (voiced by Laraine Newman) is a telescope belonging to Henry, who speaks in 60's hippie lingo and walks on her tripod. In the episode "Starry Starry Night" her vision was strangely blurred, and Doc led a search in Henry's yard to find Aurora's missing eyepiece.
Awesome Guy (voiced by David Boat) is a toy superhero that belongs to Donny. In the episode "Righty-on-Lefty", he had to rescue Lambie from a tree, but there was a problem with his legs. Doc wanted to give him a checkup, but he didn't want to get one, and then later Stuffy had an idea to sneak him in. Doc found out the problem: his legs were put on the wrong way. So when Doc fixed them he was back in action.
Bella (voiced by Julianne Buescher) is a ballerina like Lambie, only she's human and wears a blue outfit and speaks in a Russian accent. She accidentally cracked her leg after a leap and had to have it put in a cast, but she found lots to do while she waited for it to heal.
Ben (voiced by Jeffrey Nicholas Brown) is a stuffed monkey. He, along with his sister, Anna can stick to each other. He belongs to Doc's friend, Alma. He had to be fixed when his Velcro sticker ripped off and he got separated from Anna overnight.
Big Jack (voiced by Ty Burrell in "Out of the Box" and Tom Cavanagh in "Chip Off the Ol' Box") is a jack-in-the-box, with a joker popping out when the handle turns. In the episode, "Chip Off the Ol' Box", he hurts his crank after Donny crashes into him while practicing some defensive soccer save moves.
Boomer (voiced by Dave B. Mitchell) is the soccer ball that belongs to Emmie. He was flat due to a leak but was scared of the needle in the air pump Doc had to use.
Boppy (voiced by James Arnold Taylor) is the blue inflatable punching bag shaped like a dog, who usually can't be knocked down. He found himself losing air after a rosebush popped him, and was taken in by Doc for patching and reinflation (This scene is used as part of each show's opening until Season 4). In The Doc Files episode "Boppy's Boo Boo" Boppy was also known as "Bobby".
Bonnie Blue is a toy horse on wheels which Sir Kirby rides on. Bonnie Blue was also in "Dusty Bear" as Stuffy's horse when he pretended to be a Cowboy.
Bronty (voiced by Jeffrey Nicholas Brown) is a Brontosaurus toy from the Tank Toy Grabber crane machine in which Donny won who loves to run around and to swim.
Bubble Monkey (voiced by Hynden Walch) is a monkey that blows bubbles and belongs to Emmie and Alma. She stopped blowing bubbles when Alma accidentally filled her with paste instead of bubble soap.
Buddy (voiced by Jess Harnell) is a dump truck toy that belongs to Donny. Buddy is Riggo's best friend. (Based on the Buddy-L line of toy trucks.)
Carl Chug-a-Chug is a streamlined steam locomotive friction powered toy who resides in Doctor McStuffins' Clinic.
Celeste (voiced by Kath Soucie) is a projector toy who can project the entire Solar System.
Choo-Choo Train is a wooden toy train who is used either as an ambulance to move the smaller injured toys or as a getaway vehicle for the Wicked King.
Commander Crush (voiced by Steve Blum) is a blue with a sky blue armor-like body and yellow outlines special transformers-like toy that turns into a spaceship until Tobias accidentally broke one of his gears. However, he is soon fixed. He considers himself "space buddies forever" with Star Blazer Zero, but was sad when Zero had to move away with his kid, Carlos. His catchphrase is "Space-tastic!".
Curly-Q (a.k.a. Q; voiced by Cherami Leigh) is a doll who is the newest member of "The Waiting Room Toys" who didn't like her original hairstyle and wanted a new hairstyle.
Dart (Voiced by Catherine Cavadini) is a toy Unicorn that Doc almost stumbles over causing Doc to sprain her ankle. Belongs to Ramona.
Dolly (voiced by Alexandra Ryan) is a Fairy Princess Rag Doll who resides in Doctor McStuffins' clinic.
Dragon-Bot (voiced by Jack Conely) is a Hi-Tech Robotic Dragon toy that belongs to Donny who Stuffy becomes jealous of because he is more "hi-tech" than him.
Dress-Up Daisy (voiced by Amy Sedaris and Grey Griffin) is a fashion Doll that once belong to Katherine when she was Doc's age and was presumed lost after a gust of wind took her away while wearing a parachutist outfit.
The Dude (voiced by Jess Harnell) is a stuffed snowman. In the episode "Chilly and the Dude", Chilly got jealous when he feels that The Dude is more charming and athletic than him but then learns that it's ok to be yourself.
Fabulous Fabio (voiced by Jess Harnell) is a toy with an Italian accent that "grows" hair, which he likes to shake, using a Play-Doh type clay who resides in Doctor McStuffins' Clinic.
Frida Fairy (voiced by Sutton Foster) is a cute toy fairy kite who thinks she's a real, magical fairy.
Gaby (voiced by Lacey Chabert) is a toy giraffe that Doc won in the Tank Toy Grabber game at the arcade. She had a ripped leg, so when Doc fixed it, she decided to take her home.
The Glider Brothers: Orville (voiced by Sam Riegel) and Wilbur (voiced by David Kaufman) are a pair of rubber band-powered gliders who love to fly. Wilbur once broke his rubber band that powers his propeller, and Doc fixed him.
Glo-Bo (voiced by Jim Belushi) is a toy monster with six arms, he is a friendly toy monster with a joyful personality. Neglected for several weeks when Donny got a new train, Glo-Bo consulted Doc about his lost ability to glow in the dark. He also inadvertently spread a rash (which was really blue paint) to many toys, including Chilly.
Gloria (voiced by Lori Alan) is a purple stuffed toy Gorilla owned by Donny who loves to laugh. Parts of her are made of leather.
Gustave (voiced by Stephen Stanton) is a green plastic alligator with a Cajun accent and appetite for marbles. He is one of four mechanical players in Donny's game Gulpy-Gulpy Gators. Doc had to empty his stomach after Donny added extra marbles to the game and Gustave wound up overstuffed. He also once got himself stuck in a fence gate while chasing a runaway marble, and Doc and the other toys try to set him free without injuring him in the process.
Hermie (voiced by Ari Rubin) is a toy crab that Doc, Squeakers, and Marvin can play with in the water. He once lost an arm after a rough run-in with Rudi the Puppy.
Johnny Foosball (voiced by Josh Keaton) is a star goalie from a foosball game who keeps getting stuck.
Kiko (voiced by Janice Kawaye) is a Japanese anime/manga doll Doc got from her Grandma. Her problem was having frail legs and being stuck in her box from her long flight from Tokyo, Japan but Doc McStuffins helped her exercise.
Lenny (voiced by Jeff Fischer) is a toy firetruck that belongs to Donny, he is also known as Engine 9. Donny put him in the pile of toys that he doesn't play with anymore because he didn't squirt out any water from his hose. Doc refilled him with water and returned himself to Donny.
Leliani (voiced by Liza Del Mundo) is a solar-powered hula girl from Hawai'i.
Lil' Egghead (a.k.a. Eggie; voiced by Peter MacNicol) is a handheld electronic learning toy. He is known as an intelligent rival to Professor Hootsburgh. In the episode, "L'il Egghead Feels the Heat", he overheats and starts malfunctioning due to the sun, so Doc fixes him.
Little Jack (a.k.a. Little J; voiced by Brady Tutton in "Out of the Box" and "Chip Off the Ol' Box") is the son of Big Jack. He had trouble popping out from his box. He was scared to get a check-up but then wasn't scary. Then Doc found out that his clothes were stuck between the cogs of the music box.
Loud Louie (voiced by Georgina Cordova a.k.a. Georgie Kidder) is a toy cellphone that Doc used to play with when she was little. He was loud because he was super excited, so he had to learn to use his inside voice.
Lula (voiced by Grey DeLisle) is a sponge toy that looks like a Beluga whale. When Lula is placed in the water it takes only a couple of hours for her to grow, and in the end, she has grown to fit in the fish tank in Doc's clinic.
Marvin is Doc's rubber ducky who lost his squeaker at the water park.
Melinda (voiced by Dharbi Jens in her first two appearances and G. K. Bowes in her third appearance) is a plastic toy mermaid that was found at the kiddie pool. She had trouble swimming because her winder-upper was stuck and she didn't take swimming lessons, so when she took them, can now swim.
Millie the Microphone (voiced by Lisa Loeb) is Emmie's toy CD boombox. Millie kept repeating words when she spoke because her disc was dirty inside her.
Moo Moo (voiced by Colette Whitaker) is a stuffed cow that belongs to Alma, who drags out her long u's when she speaks, so it sounds like she's actually mooing. Once she didn't want to go back to Alma after being left out in the rain.
Morton (voiced by Jess Harnell) is a stuffed toy lion who resides in Doctor McStuffin's clinic.
Mr. Chomp (voiced by Brad Abrell) is the plastic toy shark that belongs to Donny, who is very kindhearted and doesn't bite like a real shark.
Norton (voiced by Tim Dadabo) is a toy wind up mouse who belongs to Maddie. He can do flips.
Niles (voiced by Charlie Schlatter) is Donny's toy crane. He had a bandage on his crane because it was unfixable, but Niles didn't want his bandage changed because he was nervous about getting it removed, and later he was brave enough to get his old bandage removed slowly and quickly.
Officer Pete (voiced by Michael Gough) is Donny's metal toy police car who takes his job very seriously and overheated while pursuing The Wicked King on a very hot Summer day.
Peaches Pie (voiced by Paula Rhodes) is Alma's sweet-smelling doll who smells like peaches but was dragged outside into the rain-soaked yard by Rudy and lost her scent.
Penny Possum (voiced by Audrey Wasilewski) is a possum who is the mother of three possum children, Pip, Flip, and Trip (all voiced by Caitlyn Leone). The children went missing when one of Penny's velcro patches ripped loose.
Pickles (voiced by Colleen O'Shaughnessey) is a stuffed bunny that wears bows on her ears and has a heart on her chest. She was in a box at Alma's yard sale and left because she thought that she wasn't loved anymore. Later, Doc finds out that Pickles triangle nose is missing and replaces it with a button and soon Doc returns Pickles to Alma and puts her in her room. She was named "Pickles" after Alma's favorite snack which are pickles.
Professor Hootsburgh (a.k.a. "Hootsie"; voiced by Laraine Newman) is a stuffed owl with a very smart brain who speaks in a British accent. Doc got her from her older cousin Tisha. When Tisha first gave Hootsburgh to Doc, she couldn't read properly because of her poor eyesight, so Doc gave her glasses. In the episode "Professor Pancake" she gets flattened under Doc's toy box.
Ricardo Racecar (voiced by Ian Gomez in "Run Down Race Car", Robbie Rist in later episodes) is Donny's possibly Italian toy race car who lost energy because Donny raced him and didn't let him recharge, but when Doc's dad put him onto charge, he was soon better.
Riggo (voiced by Dennis Farina) is a grader toy that belongs to Will. Riggo is Buddy's best friend. In the episode "Stuck Up", his scooper was stuck because there was sand on the side of his scoop, jamming his gears. But Doc didn't figure this out until she suffered a little sand in her own eye.
Rita (voiced by Molly Shannon) is a toy Cheetah that belongs to Donny who is very fast. Unfortunately, Chilly and the other toys thought she might be sick because of her spots when they first met her.
Robot Ray (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) is Donny's battery-operated robot who considers himself a rescuer like Ronda, but once he finds out that he can't get wet in the episode "All Washed Up" Ray is equipped with long-range vision and a white cord he shoots out with his right hand, extending his reach. He was also at Hallie's birthday and went camping with Doc, Donny and their Dad in the episode "Out in the Wild". He broke his sticky launcher, but Doc used first-aid to fix his arm till the end of the campout.
Rescue Ronda (voiced by Camryn Manheim) is the remote-control helicopter that belongs to Luca. Her job and passion is rescue missions and has ended up in Doc's clinic more than once with damage taken in the line of duty. If Rescue Ronda can't perform a rescue herself, she'll direct her friends on how to help. She serves as an aerial ambulance for the toy hospital.
Rosie the Rescuer (voiced by Nika Futterman) is a toy ambulance that belongs to Emmie and Alma. She likes to rescue things but suffered from severe panic attacks. She serves as an ambulance for the toy hospital.
Sebastian (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) is a ghost that lives in a toy pumpkin, who was once scared of Halloween, but then Doc explains to him that it's all pretend, and then he decides to go back to his job. His sensor was also broken, making him pop out of his pumpkin, but Doc fixed it.
Sir Kirby (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is the armoured knight action figure, who is one of Donny's toys. He often plays the hero in Doc's game "Save Princess Lambie", but not without taking some damage. He's friendly but when someone does something mean like the Wicked King being rude for instance, that's when he'll take action. Sir Kirby also has a crush on Lambie.
Star Blazer Zero (voiced by John Michael Higgins) is a toy alien who pilots a rocket ship, his catchphrases are "Kazowie" and "Kazow". His arms and legs once fell off because he didn't have a seat belt.
Southwest Sal (voiced by Laraine Newman) is a toy cowgirl who is a literal cow. She holds a lasso which works via a spring and belongs to Donny's pal Tamara.
Sproingo Boingo is a fox-shaped Slinky toy.
Spritzy Mitzi (voiced by Angelique Perri) is an octopus-shaped water sprinkler toy that ruptured a sprinkler tentacle after getting a pebble stuck in it. She talks like a rapper and uses phrases like "poppin'" and "solid."
Super Stuntman Steve (voiced by Mike Vaughn) is an extreme stunt motorcyclist action figure who belongs to Jacob.
Surfer Girl (voiced by Kimberly Brooks) is a teen girl doll with her feet attached to a surfboard who speaks in Surfer Lingo.
Susie Sunshine (voiced by Amber Hood) is a plastic toy doll that wears a pink dress and pink shoes. She was cranky because her eyes were stuck open due to some residue of a melted pineapple ice pop that was stuck on her eyebrows.
Sydney (voiced by Steve Blum) is a Karate Kangaroo who is a partner with Angus who loves to fight.
Teddy Bear (a.k.a. Bear; voiced by James Arnold Taylor) is a salmon-colored teddy bear from the Tank Toy grabber crane machine.
Teddy B. (voiced by Jason Marsden) is Donny's teddy bear who was reunited but caused Donny to sneeze due to an excess of dust on his fur for being laying around and not being played with for ages.
Tiny Tessie (voiced by Katie Leigh) is a baby doll who is always in her stroller, named the "Sleepy Slumber 2000", and has a bottle with milk in it. Since she never left her stroller, many of the other toys thought of Tessie as a real baby.
Tremaine (voiced by Ari Rubin) is a toy truck designed by Donny. He is very dynamic and needed to stand still because he had to get his stripes repainted.
Tug is Donny's squirt toy that is shaped like a tugboat.
Val (voiced by Jennifer Hale) is a heart shape stuffed toy given by Doc's parents for Valentine's Day and causes a rift between her and Lambie.
Walter and Gracie (voiced by Tom Kenny and Grey DeLisle respectively) are two walkie talkies that are both of different genders. Once, Walter lost his antenna and Gracie was lost in the strawberry field.
Wicked King (voiced by Jess Harnell) is usually incredibly rude to the toys but he has a soft spot.
Wildlife Will (voiced by Jeffrey Nicholas Brown) is an Australian explorer action figure who lost his legs after a run-in with a Chihuahua.
Xyla (voiced by Tiffany Thornton) is a toy xylophone that looks like a ladybug and belongs to Alma. In the episode "One Note Wonder" one of her keys was loose because one of the screws was loose, and when the key fell into the sink when Stuffy knocked it off, Doc replaced it with a new one.
Witch Hazel (voiced by Lara Jill Miller) is a witch seen in the episode "Boo-Hoo to You!".
Farmer Mack (voiced by Tom Kenny) is a toy farmer who, in "Stuffy gets his scrubs", broke his ankle.
Lieutenant Luna 2200 (voiced by Naturi Naughton) – An astronaut with a pet mechanical dog (Space Rover) Olivia 0–197–0 a.k.a. Liv
Saltwater Serge (voiced by Bernardo De Paula) is a water toy who once belonged to Doc's Dad in his childhood. He and his whale, Wellington wouldn't work because their button is worn out after being used a lot by Doc's Dad when he was young, so Doc fixed the button.
Nikki Nickel (voiced by Hynden Walch) is a toy piggy bank.
Squibbles (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) is Stuffy's toy pet critter.
Fetchin' Findo (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) is a robotic puppy. He couldn't fetch his toy bone because he had sand in his electronic nose, so Doc decided to open a new Veterinarian branch to her clinic to take care of toy pets and cleaned the sand out of Findo's nose.
Admiral Fiddlesticks (voiced by Robert Bathurst)
Creepy Cuddly Charlie Monster (voiced by Tom Kenny) is a stuffed three eye monster who is not scary but very friendly.
Princess Persephone (a.k.a. "Peri"; voiced by Geena Davis) is a princess.
Count Clarence the Magnificent (voiced by Patton Oswalt) is a cardboard toy bat who thinks he could fly like a kite about good positive attitudes after he becomes grumpy from getting caught in a gust of wind and crashing into the wading pool at the park. Then, Doc uses Donny's kite to dry off Count Clarence and get him back to normal.
Army Al (voiced by Rodger Bumpass) is a toy soldier.
Theodore (also known as Theo) (voiced by David Kaufman) is a wind-up toy Sea Turtle.
Rockstar Ruby (voiced by Erin Cottrell) is a used Rock Star doll that belongs to Doc. Doc purchased her from a Yard Sale. In the episode, "Rockstar Ruby and the Toys", her microphone button got stuck because dirt and gunk built up over time she was used. But Doc and the crew has a plan to bring back Rockstar Ruby back on stage.
Kiara (voiced by Kath Soucie) is a Kaleidoscope.
Tiny Tessie (voiced by Katie Leigh) is a toy doll who after losing a relay race, discovers that she needs to get out of her Sleepy Slumber 2000 Stroller to be active and have more fun.
Coach Kay (voiced by Dot-Marie Jones) is a small plastic doll in a football/soccer kit.
Tony (voiced by Chris Coppola) is a toy taxi cab driver.
Viewy Stewie (voiced by Wayne Knight) is a viewmaster toy who can view images.
Pop Up Paulo (voiced by Arturo Del Puerto) is a pop-up toy frog.
Pip (voiced by Lesley Nicol)
Bernard (voiced by Matt Milne)
Doodle Doo (voiced by Nigel Harman)
Get-Well Gus (voiced by Ludacris) is a flying pegasus toy. When he crashed and breaks off one of his wings, Doc outfits him with a prosthetic.
Gillian the Giant (voiced by Maeve Higgins) is an Irish Giantess doll based on a series of storybooks.
Lala Koala (voiced by Cristina Milizia) is the new baby toy.
Dixie (voiced by Kat Feller)
Pandora (voiced by Ashley Edner)
Snuggs (voiced by Deedee Magno Hall)
Stella (voiced by Ashley Nicole Selich) is a bike racer toy that belongs to Doc.
Joni (voiced by Kelly Stables) is a pony. In the episode "Joni the Pony" Joni trips over her mane and the other toys suggest a haircut.
Winnie (voiced by Jaime Pressly) is a toy tiger who is used to blow up balloons
Tavia (voiced by Hynden Walch) is a toy otter that belongs to Lisa.
Sadie (voiced by Michelle Cambpell) is a toy parrot that belongs to Emmie.
The Twirly Twins: Jaz and Chaz (voiced by Chantelle Barry and Scott Whyte)
Molly Molly (voiced by Cristine Lakin) is Doc's toy who loves to have flapjacks flipped into her mouth. When she keeps talking while eating, one of her plastic flapjacks gets stuck in her mouth, so Doc and the crew teach Molly Molly how to eat carefully and not to talk with her mouth full.
Flora (voiced by Damienne Merlina) is a Flamenco dancing doll that Doc received as a gift from her Grandmother who was visiting Spain.
Itty Bitty Bess (voiced by Audra McDonald) is an antique tintype airplane pilot which Doc's mom got from a flea market/swap meet. She and her airplane, Qweenie once had trouble flying due to rust. Doc used oil to get rid of the rust, and now Itty Bitty Bess can go back to flying in the Wild Blue Yonder.
Queenie is an airplane that belongs to Itty Bitty Bess
Dress-Up Declan (voiced by Taye Diggs) is a fashion doll that belongs to Emmie.
Dmitri (voiced by David Copperfield) is a doll who is Donny's magician partner.
Fiona (voiced by Amy Pemberton) is a paper doll from St. Patrick's Day.
Stanley (voiced by Anthony Anderson) is a toy lion with parts of a toy rabbit who planned on taking over McStuffinsville.
Twiggly (voiced by Debi Derryberry) is a toy squirrel.
Camille (voiced by Dede Drake) is a toy camel.
Missy (voiced by Ellen Pompeo) is a toy cat that belongs to Alma.
Katie (voiced by Mary Faber) is a singing toy doll. She once had to recharge her battery before a performance.
Darla (voiced by Molly Ringwald) is a toy fox who helps in emergencies at the toy hospital.
Nurse Riley (voiced by Leslie Grossman) is a toy Rhonchus who works at the toy hospital.
Rodriguez Foosball (voiced by Jess Harnell) is one of Johnny Foosball's teammates.
Logan (voiced by Kailey Snider) is an ice cream truck who is the cousin of Rosie the Rescuer and who is a part of the McStuffinsville Pet Rescue Team.
Queen Amena (Amina) (a.k.a. Sparkly Queen of the World; voiced by Lucinda Clare) – A monarch Doc receives from her cousin Tisha. Some of the other toys including The Wicked King once consider her as "bossy" but Doc objects to that label.
Bozini the Foosball Goaltender (voiced by Jess Harnell)
Oooey Gablooey (voiced by Mitchell Whitfield)
Tracy (voiced by Yvette Nicole Brown) is a triceratops train.
Chuck (voiced by David Shatraw) is a toy chicken.
Tarantu-Lon (voiced by Rick Wasserman) is a toy robot space spider.
Hilary (voiced by Gabourey Sidibe) is a toy mole.
Hannah (voiced by Terra Deva) is a toy doll. She got gum stuck in her hair, so Doc got it out by cutting off her hair.
Quackson (voiced by Mary Faber) is a toy duck.
Rocky (voiced by Jessie Gold) is a toy porcupine.
Nanny (voiced by Kaitlyn Robrock) is a lost toy granny nanny goat that sews.
The Logger of Lemurs Troupe
A group of lemurs who are known for their amazing skills.
Wyatt (voiced by Derek Phillips) is a yellow male lemur who is the leader of the troupe. He discovers that he is missing an arm and decided to quit the team. Later, Doc researches that he was actually intentionally built this way at the factory.
Trixie (voiced by Laraine Newman)
Butch (voiced by Gary Anthony Williams)
Calamity (voiced by Jamie Lewis)
Otis (voiced by Jeffrey Nicholas Brown)
Tumbleweed (voiced by Jeffrey Nicholas Brown)
Maybelle (voiced by Lara Jill Miller)
Cheyenne (voiced by Jamie Lewis)
Yul (voiced by Michael Gough)
Boots (voiced by TBA)
The First Responders Team
Shinji (voiced by Parry Shen) is a toy firefighter who is part of the McStuffinsville's First Responders.
Zoe (voiced by Debi Derryberry) is a toy who is part of the McStuffinsville's First Responders.
Jacks (voiced by Will Callyer) is a toy who is part of the McStuffinsville's First Responders.
Riggles (voiced by Alex Cazares) is a toy tyrannosaurus rex who is part of the McStuffinsville's First Responders.
Nosh (voiced by Michael-Leon Wooley) is a toy crocodile who is part of the McStuffinsville's First Responders.
Iggy (voiced by Laraine Newman) is a toy cat who is part of the McStuffinsville's First Responders.
Guest stars
Winnie the Pooh (voiced by Jim Cummings)
Tigger (voiced by Jim Cummings)
Piglet (voiced by Travis Oates)
Eeyore (voiced by Peter Cullen)
Christopher Robin (voiced by Oliver Bell)
Michelle Obama (voiced by herself)
Audrey's mother (voiced by Robin Roberts)
Broadcast history
In the United States, Doc McStuffins first premiered on March 23, 2012, on Disney-ABC networks Disney Channel and Disney Junior. Starting March 26, the series had begun airing weekdays at 10:00 AM ET on Disney Channel and 4:00 PM ET on Disney Junior while on the weekends, it aired at 7:30 AM ET on Disney Channel and 10:00 AM ET on Disney Junior and has changed since then. On June 5, 2012, Disney Junior renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on September 6, 2013. On January 8, 2014, the series was renewed for a third season which premiered on November 2, 2014, but when the voice of Doc was changed in 2015, the episodes formerly in the third season with the former voice of Doc were put in season 2 and new episodes were released in season 3 starting July 2, 2015. On April 14, 2015, the series was renewed for a fourth season by Disney Junior, which premiered on August 5, 2016. It is titled "Doc McStuffins: Toy Hospital". On November 16, 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth season by Disney Junior, which premiered on October 26, 2018 with its first episode titled "The Pet Rescue Team!".
In Canada, the show premiered on its Disney Junior variant channel on April 8, 2012 at 10:00 AM ET with an encore at 5:30 PM ET. The show also aired globally on Disney Junior in multiple languages.
DVD releases
Home media is distributed by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment.
Reception
The series received positive reviews and criticisms after its release. Kia Morgan Smith of Cincomom.com said that "It truly warmed my heart and almost brought tears to my eyes when my 8-year-old, Mikaela, saw 'Doc McStuffins' for the first time and said, 'Wow, mommy — she's brown,'" Dr. Myiesha Taylor founding president of Artemis Medical Society said that "This program featuring a little African-American girl and her family is crucial to changing the future of this nation." Taylor also applauded the concept of its portrayal of a young black girl who wishes to follow in the footsteps of her mother as a doctor as the lead character, that inspired her to collect pictures of 131 doctors — all women of color — and publish a collage online under the heading, 'We Are Doc McStuffins.'"
The program was also a ratings hit on Disney Junior, with its premiere attracting 1.08 million children ages 2 to 5 and an average of 918,000 viewers in the same demographic, leading AdWeek magazine to dub the show an "improbable ratings juggernaut".
In 2013, $500 million worth of Doc McStuffins merchandise was sold, something The New York Times writers claimed industry experts said "seems to be setting a record" for a "toy line based on an African-American character". They also said the character had broad appeal and the toys sold well to all demographics.
In 2016, news that Disney had yet to formally renew the program for a fifth season resulted in a number of celebrities, including W. Kamau Bell, Jamilah Lemieux and Audra McDonald to appeal Disney to continue the program. Chris Nee, the show's creator, tweeted that she would report immediately if she received any news of the show being picked up, commenting that the writing staff was eager to continue with new stories.
Episode featuring an interracial lesbian couple
On August 5, 2017, Season 4 Episode 22a, "The Emergency Plan", featured Thea and Edie, an interracial lesbian married couple, making Doc McStuffins the first Disney Junior preschool series and Disney's first TV series to include a same-sex couple. The characters were voiced by real life lesbian actresses Wanda Sykes (Thea) and Portia de Rossi (Edie). LGBT rights organization GLAAD expressed its support and lauded Disney for the inclusion of the characters. By contrast, it was protested by the One Million Moms division of American Family Association.
Awards and nominations
George Foster Peabody's craters were recognized by a Platinum Special Honorary Academy Award Of Merit for Record Breaking Achievement in Excellence.
Video game adaptations
Doc McStuffins Pet Vet was released on iOS and Android.
Feel Good Games
There are a variety of games specifically focused on the series, including:
Big Air Adventure a five-series crossover of title characters from Henry Hugglemonster, Jake and the Never Land Pirates, Miles from Tomorrowland, and Sofia the First
Doc McStuffins Sticker Book
Doc Me
Doc's Seek and Find
Doc's Snowman Rollup
Doc's Summertime Clinic
Frost Magic
Sparkly Ball Sports
Stuffy's Scramble
The Doc Mobile
Effects
In response to Doc McStuffins, an organization for medical doctors who are also women of color called the Artemis Medical Society was created on June 28, 2012.
References
External links
2012 American television series debuts
2012 Irish television series debuts
2020 American television series endings
2010s American animated television series
2020s American animated television series
2010s American black cartoons
2020s American black cartoons
2010s American children's television series
2020s American children's television series
2010s American LGBT-related animated television series
2020s American LGBT-related animated television series
2010s American medical television series
2020s American medical television series
American children's animated fantasy television series
American children's animated musical television series
American children's animated supernatural television series
American computer-animated television series
Disney animated television series
Disney Junior original programming
English-language television shows
Lesbian-related television shows
Peabody Award-winning television programs
Personal development television series
American preschool education television series
2010s preschool education television series
2020s preschool education television series
Sentient toys in fiction
Television series by Brown Bag Films
Television series by Disney
Animated television series about children | wiki |
Closing statement may refer to:
Closing argument, or "summation", the concluding statement of each party's counsel in a court case
Closing statement (real estate), a document describing a real estate transaction
Closing statement (debate), the concluding statement in a debate | wiki |
A maid of honour is a junior attendant of a queen in a royal household.
Maid of honour or Maid of honor may also refer to:
a senior bridesmaid
Maids of honour tart, traditional English dish
The Maid of Honour, a Jacobean era stage play
See also
Made of Honor, a 2008 film | wiki |
A Time to Kill kan syfta på:
A Time to Kill (John Grisham-bok) – en roman från 1989 av John Grisham
Juryn - A Time to Kill – film baserad på John Grishams bok
A Time to Kill (Star Trek-bok) – en bokserie inom Star Trek: The Next Generation | wiki |
The supplementary motor area (SMA) is a part of the motor cortex of primates that contributes to the control of movement. It is located on the midline surface of the hemisphere just in front of (anterior to) the primary motor cortex leg representation. In monkeys the SMA contains a rough map of the body. In humans the body map is not apparent. Neurons in the SMA project directly to the spinal cord and may play a role in the direct control of movement. Possible functions attributed to the SMA include the postural stabilization of the body, the coordination of both sides of the body such as during bimanual action, the control of movements that are internally generated rather than triggered by sensory events, and the control of sequences of movements. All of these proposed functions remain hypotheses. The precise role or roles of the SMA is not yet known.
For the discovery of the SMA and its relationship to other motor cortical areas, see the main article on the motor cortex.
Subregions
At least six areas are now recognized within the larger region once defined as the SMA. These subdivisions have been studied most extensively in the monkey brain. The most anterior portion is now commonly termed pre-SMA. It has sparse or no connections to the spinal cord or the primary motor cortex and has extensive connectivity with prefrontal areas.
The supplementary eye field (SEF) is a relatively anterior portion of the SMA that, when stimulated, evokes head and eye movements and perhaps movements of the limbs and torso.
Dum and Strick hypothesized on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections to the spinal cord that the portion of SMA in the cingulate sulcus, on the medial part of the hemisphere, can be split into three separate areas, the cingulate motor areas. The functions of the cingulate motor areas have not yet been systematically studied, though may be involved in emotionally driven behaviours like the limbic laugh.
SMA proper in monkeys has now been confined to a region on the crown of the hemisphere and extending partly onto the medial wall, just anterior to the primary motor leg representation. SMA proper projects directly to the spinal cord and therefore is one of the primary output areas of the cortical motor system.
Recently, Zhang et al. investigated the functional subdivisions of the medial SFC on the basis of whole-brain connectivity characterized from a large resting-state fMRI data set. Other than replicating the boundaries between SMA and preSMA, the current results support a functional difference between the posterior and anterior pre-SMA. In contrast to the posterior pre-SMA, the anterior pre-SMA is connected with most of the prefrontal but not somatomotor areas. Overall, the SMA is strongly connected to the thalamus and epithalamus, the posterior pre-SMA to putamen, pallidum, and STN and anterior pre-SMA to the caudate nucleus, with the caudate showing significant hemispheric asymmetry.
Functions
Penfield and Welch in 1951 first described SMA in the monkey brain and the human brain as a representation of the body on the medial wall of the hemisphere. Woolsey and colleagues in 1952 confirmed SMA in the monkey brain, describing it as a rough somatotopic map with the legs in a posterior location and the face in an anterior location. The representations of different body parts were found to overlap extensively. Stimulation of many sites evoked bilateral movements and sometimes movements of all four limbs. This overlapping somatotopic map in SMA was confirmed by many others.
Four main hypotheses have been proposed for the function of SMA: the control of postural stability during stance or walking, coordinating temporal sequences of actions, bimanual coordination, and the initiation of internally generated as opposed to stimulus driven movement. The data, however, tend not to support an exclusive role of SMA in any one of these functions. Indeed, SMA is demonstrably active during non-sequential, unimanual, and stimulus-cued movements.
For human voluntary movement the role of the SMA has been elucidated: Its activity generates the early component of the Bereitschaftspotential (BP) or readiness potential BP1 or BPearly. The role of the SMA was further substantiated by Cunnington et al. 2003, showing that SMA proper and pre-SMA are active prior to volitional movement or action, as well as the cingulate motor area (CMA) and anterior mid-cingulate cortex (aMCC). Recently it has been shown by integrating simultaneously acquired EEG and fMRI that SMA and aMCC have strong reciprocal connections that act to sustain each other’s activity, and that this interaction is mediated during movement preparation according to the Bereitschaftspotential amplitude.
SMA in the monkey brain may emphasize locomotion, especially complex locomotion such as climbing or leaping. This suggestion was based on studies in which stimulation on a behaviorally relevant time scale evoked complex, full body movements that resembled climbing or leaping. This hypothesis is consistent with previous hypotheses, including the involvement of SMA in postural stabilization, in internally generated movements, in bimanual coordination, and in the planning of movement sequences, because all of these functions are heavily recruited in complex locomotion. The locomotion hypothesis is an example of interpreting the motor cortex in terms of the underlying behavioral repertoire from which abstract control functions emerge, an approach emphasized by Graziano and colleagues.
Additional images
References
Further reading
Principles of Neural Science (2000), 4th ed., Kandel et al.
External links
Cerebral cortex
Motor system
it:Telencefalo#Classificazione di Brodmann
pl:Kora ruchowa#Drugorz.C4.99dowa kora ruchowa | wiki |
The Sixty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Sixty-second Amendment) Act, 1989, extended the period of reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and representation of the Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies for another ten years, i.e. up to 26 January 2000.
Article 334 of the Constitution had originally required the reservation of seats to cease in 1960, but this was extended to 1970 by the 8th Amendment. The period of reservation was extended to 1980 and 1990 by the 23rd and 45th Amendments respectively. The 62nd Amendment extended the period of reservation to 2000. The period of reservation was further extended to 2010, 2020 and 2030 by the 79th and 95th and 104th Amendments respectively.
Text
The full text of Article 334 of the Constitution, after the 62nd Amendment, is given below:
Proposal and enactment
The Constitution (Sixty-second Amendment) Bill, 1989 (Bill No. 26 of 1989) was introduced in the Rajya Sabha on 20 December 1989. It was introduced by Ram Vilas Paswan, then Minister of Labour and Welfare, and sought to amend article 334 of the Constitution relating to reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes and special representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the People and in the Legislative Assemblies of the States. The full text of the Statement of Objects and Reasons appended to the bill is given below:
The Bill was debated by the Rajya Sabha on 21 December, and passed on the same day. It was then considered by the Lok Sabha on 22 and 26 December, and was passed on 26 December 1989. The bill, after ratification by the States, received assent from then President K. R. Narayanan on 25 January 1990, and was notified in The Gazette of India on the same date. It retroactively came into effect on the date on which the Bill for this amendment Act was introduced in the Rajya Sabha (i.e., 20 December 1989).
Ratification
The Act was passed in accordance with the provisions of Article 368 of the Constitution, and was ratified by more than half of the State Legislatures, as required under Clause (2) of the said article. State Legislatures that ratified the amendment are listed below:
Andhra Pradesh
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Karnataka
Kerala
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Nagaland
Orissa
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Tamil Nadu
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
Did not ratify:
Arunachal Pradesh
Assam
Bihar
Goa
Jammu and Kashmir
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Manipur
Punjab
Tripura
See also
List of amendments of the Constitution of India
References
62
1989 in India
1989 in law
V. P. Singh administration | wiki |
Dyment can refer to:
Albert Dyment, Canadian politician
Clifford Dyment, Welsh poet
Dave Dyment, Canadian artist
Dyment, Ontario, Canada
Dyment Falls, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Dyment Island, Cranton Bay, Antarctica
R. v. Dyment, a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on the constitutional right to privacy
See also
Diamond (disambiguation)
Diamant (disambiguation)
Dymond (disambiguation)
Diament (disambiguation)
Dimond (disambiguation) | wiki |
Let's Go Higher may refer to:
"Let's Go Higher" (Johnny Reid song), 2010
"Let's Go Higher" (Jordan Knight song), 2011 | wiki |
The George Mason Patriots baseball team is an intercollegiate baseball team representing George Mason University in NCAA Division I college baseball and has made six appearances in the NCAA Tournament.
George Mason participates as a full member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. They have won four regular season championships and two tournaments as a member of the Colonial Athletic Association.
History
Conference
1968–1981: Independent
1982–1985: Eastern College Athletic Conference
1986–2013: Colonial Athletic Association
2014–present: Atlantic 10 Conference
Head coaches
Year-by-year results
NCAA tournament
The NCAA Division I baseball tournament started in 1947.
The format of the tournament has changed through the years.
Notable players
Justin Bour, 1B - Los Angeles Dodgers
Shawn Camp, RP - Retired
Mike Colangelo, OF - Retired
Jake Kalish, RP
Chris O'Grady, RP - Free Agent
Chris Widger, C - Retired*
Logan Driscoll, C - Tampa Bay Rays
Tyler Zombro, RP - Tampa Bay Rays organization
See also
List of NCAA Division I baseball programs
References
Baseball teams established in 1968 | wiki |
"Easy on Me" is a 2021 song by Adele.
Easy on Me may also refer to:
"Easy on Me", a song by Jessie J from her 2018 album R.O.S.E.
"Easy on Me", a 2020 song by Rudimental and the Martinez Brothers | wiki |
Boar may refer to:
Animals
Wild boar
Boar, adult male bear
Boar, adult male domestic pig
Boar, adult male of several other species; see List of animal names
Iron Age pig, a pseudo-primitive breed of boar
Razorback, hybrid boar in North America
Boar, adult male guinea pig
Art, entertainment, and media
Boar (film), a 2016 Australian horror film
The Boar (newspaper), the student newspaper of the University of Warwick, England
The Boar (novel), a 1998 novel by Joe R. Lansdale
Boar the Fighter, a fictional character in Brian Jacques' Redwall series
Greek mythology
Calydonian Boar
Erymanthian Boar
Weapons
BOAR, the Bombardment Aircraft Rocket, an American nuclear weapon of the 1950s
Boar spear, a type of spear widely used in Germany and Scandinavia during the Roman era
Other
Boar, animal representation of Hai (亥) in the zodiac; see Pig (zodiac)
Boars in heraldry
See also
Boer
Boor (disambiguation)
Bore (disambiguation)
Dzik (disambiguation)
Hog (disambiguation)
Pig (disambiguation)
Swine (disambiguation) | wiki |
Quercus candicans is a confused scientific name:
Quercus candicans Née is a synonym of Roldana candicans (Née) Villaseñor, S.Valencia & Coombes – the type material had been confused
Plants attributed to Quercus candicans in the past, particularly forms described by Trelease, belong to Quercus calophylla. | wiki |
Baltimore Highlands station is a Baltimore Light Rail stop in Halethorpe, Maryland. There are currently 50 free parking spaces. There are no bus connections at this station.
The Baltimore Highlands stop currently does not have any bus lines operating directly around the station, though buses do operate on Annapolis Road nearby. When the station opened in 1993, it was served by Route 30, but complaints from area residents forced buses to be diverted to the nearby Patapsco stop, where they operate today.
The stop is located on Baltimore Street between Florida and Georgia Avenues, north of the site of the former Baltimore and Annapolis Railroad station between Georgia and Illinois Avenues, which was across from the Washington, Baltimore and Annapolis Electric Railroad station. It is also located near a model airplane club called the South West Area Park model air flying field.
Station layout
References
External links
Schedules
Baltimore Highlands Light Rail Stop on Google Street View
Station portal (local train times)
Baltimore Light Rail stations
Halethorpe, Maryland
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1993
1993 establishments in Maryland
Railway stations in Baltimore County, Maryland
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1887 | wiki |
Ralph Orlando Rychener (March 1, 1897 – February 12, 1962) was an American physician and basketball player. He was born in Archbold, Ohio in March 1897. While attending the University of Michigan, he played three years on the school's basketball team. He was one of the leading scorers on the 1917–18 and 1918–19 teams, and the captain of the 1919–20 team. After receiving his medical degree from Michigan, he was a resident at the University of Michigan Hospital for three years. Rychener then moved to Memphis where he practiced as an ophthalmologist for more than 30 years. He also served as an associate professor at the University of Tennessee College of Medicine. He was elected to the American Ophthalmological Society in 1933. In 1951, he received the University of Michigan's Distinguished Alumni Service Award. He died at age 64 in February 1962 from a cerebral hemorrhage.
References
1897 births
1962 deaths
Basketball players from Ohio
Michigan Wolverines men's basketball players
People from Fulton County, Ohio
American men's basketball players | wiki |
Naval wargaming is a branch of the wider hobby of miniature wargaming. Generally less popular than wargames set on land, naval wargaming nevertheless enjoys a degree of support around the world. Both historical and fantasy rulesets are available.
Model ships have long been used for wargaming, but it was the introduction of elaborate rules in the early 20th century that made the hobby more popular. Small miniature ships, often in 1:1200 scale and 1:1250 scale, were manoeuvred on large playing surfaces to recreate historical battles. These models were basic representations of ship types, with enough detail to make them recognisable. Firms such as Bassett-Lowke marketed these to the public in England, along with more detailed versions that appealed to collectors. Prior to World War II, the German company Wiking became a leader in the field, but the war ended its dominance.
After World War II, several manufacturers started business in Germany, which remains a major centre of production to this day. Other companies started in Britain and the United States as well, first centering on the wargamer, but as time went by and models became both more detailed and costly, marketing to the collector. There has also been a diversification in scales. Plastic kits in 1/600 and 1/700 became widely available. In the UK Skytrex and Navwar pioneered the "micro scale" with extensive ranges of ships from pre-dreadnought ironclads to modern vessels in 1/3000. In the US CinC and GHQ followed with slightly larger and more detailed models in 1/2400. In recent years Hallmark have moved the scale down to 1/6000.
A separate branch of naval wargaming uses radio control ships capable of firing BB ammo from CO2 powered cannons, with the aim of sinking opposing ships, whose hulls are made of thin balsa wood.
Overview
Rules
As with other arms of the wargaming hobby, rules can vary greatly in complexity. Commercially available historical rulesets cover practically every era of naval warfare from ancient and medieval ships through the fleets of the Age of Sail, the ironclad and battleship eras to the modern era. Models of most common types of ships are available, but in many cases wargamers have to source their own models, either by conversion or scratch building, especially where more esoteric periods or scales are in use.
The ancient Romans staged what were probably the first naval "wargames", with mock sea battles acted out in Rome's Colosseum, specially flooded for the occasion. (These Naumachiae later provided the inspiration for the title of Rod Langton's ancient naval rules.)
Popular naval wargaming began with the inclusion of wargaming rules in early editions of Jane's Fighting Ships by Fred T. Jane. Classifications of ships' armour and armament in Janes' were used directly within the rules. Incarnations of the rules are still in use today.
A later proponent of popular naval wargaming was American author Fletcher Pratt. As well as publishing his rules Pratt staged large public games in ballrooms and other large meeting rooms, the events being almost as much a social event as a wargaming meeting. As with Janes' rules various incarnations and revisions of the Fletcher Pratt rule system are still in use today.
The Age of Sail rules for the 1972 Don't Give Up The Ship call for pencil and paper, six-sided dice, rulers and protractors, and model ships, ideally of 1:1200 scale. Single ship engagements can be played on a tabletop, but fleet battles require more space. The rules are elaborate and cover morale, sinking, fires, broken masts, and boarding. Wind speed and direction are determined by a roll of the dice; a protractor is used to measure the angle between the wind and ship directions and hence determine ship speed. The protractor is also used to determine which cannon can fire on an enemy ship, as well as the damage caused and the chance of hitting at short range (4") and long range (16"). The conclusion of the rulebook provides the statistics necessary to re-enact historical encounters such as during the War of 1812. The second edition added 4 pages of simplified rules for battles between fleets.
One of the most popular sets of rules available at present is General Quarters, written by Lonnie Gill. Quick and easy to play, they have established themselves over the years as one of the leading sets of World War I and II era rules. General Quarters 1 and 2 feature a slightly abstract combat system and ship definition system reminiscent of naval board wargames. However, this approach led to a fast-playing system that was the root of its popularity (probably coupled to an extensive array of supporting information and ship statistics). GQ1 and 2 have recently been replaced by a less abstract version, GQ3 which covers World War II; a World War I version entitled Fleet Action Imminent was released in January 2008.
Followers of naval wargaming tend to concentrate on historical settings. However, there is a smaller but nonetheless active arm of the hobby that covers fantasy and science fiction naval warfare. The now out-of-print fantasy game Man O' War, set in the realm of Warhammer Fantasy, dealt with sea battles where each player typically controlled half a dozen to a dozen model ships. Each model had a corresponding template to record damage, crew levels, and outbreaks of fire, among other bookkeeping activities. In this regard, the game mechanics proved some limiting factors. Ships were split into three categories: Ships of the Line, Men O'War and "Independents". The Bretonnian fleet was modelled on ships of the 17th century, while the Empire tended more towards the look of earlier time, with some ships that carried single large cannon or mortars. Dwarf ships were steam powered ironclads, and they also had submarines and balloons. High Elf ships were fast maneuverable sail powered ships, while Dark Elves mainly used great sea creatures as the basis for their "ships".
Land-based miniature wargames have also been adapted to naval wargaming. All at Sea, for example, is an adaptation of The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game rules for naval conflicts. The game's mechanics centred on boarding parties, with options for ramming actions and light artillery in the form of ballistae and other siege engines. As such, the ship's scale ratio corresponds to the 25 mm scale miniatures used by The Lord of the Rings. Model ships are built by hobbyists, just as normal miniature terrain, such as "great ships" of Pelargir, cogs of Dol Amroth and Corsairs of Umbar galleys. Elsewhere successful adaptations of the DBA and Fire and Fury land warfare rules have been made to ancient and Renaissance naval battles at the fleet action level (where naval battles shared many characteristics of their land based equivalents).
An unusual source of recent historical naval wargaming rules has been the adaptation of science fiction starship combat rules (the reverse is also true, as sci-fi tends to treat starships as being an evolution of "wet navy" shipping). An example of this approach to rule development is Victory at Sea from Mongoose Publishing. This is a simple, "entry level" set of rules developed from Mongoose's A Call to Arms sci-fi rules. Victory at Sea has also spawned a number of period variants including Ironclad and Age of Sail, and a World War I variant set called "Age of dreadnoughts" has also been published. Elsewhere a variant of the Full Thrust science fiction starship combat rules exists that covers age of sail battles. Another example, Battlefleet Gothic (BFG), is based from the Warhammer 40,000 land battle game, both developed by Games Workshop. Every major army in Warhammer 40,000 has its representative fleet in BFG, as it is known colloquially.
Classic space navy battle games such as Star Trek: Starship Tactical Combat Simulator corporation or Star Wars: Star Warriors have been heavily influenced by naval terminology.
Scales
In contrast to land wargaming, naval wargaming almost exclusively uses ratios to express the scale of the models. Popular scales include:
1:6000, 1:4800, 1:3000, 1:2400 - popular for use in games of the pre-Dreadnought era and later, although some notable ranges in earlier periods are available.
1:1800 - A growing intermediate scale, made popular by games such as Axis and Allies: War at Sea that use a "trading card" format. While still less common than smaller and larger scales, the simpler dynamics of "casual" wargaming makes this an increasingly common introductory scale.
1:1200, 1:1250 - the popular "collectors'" scale, with models from practically every era and nationality available.
1:900 - an unusual scale, used for ancient naval games.
1:600, 1:700 - generally used for coastal forces gaming set in World War I, World War II or post war periods. Due to the availability of plastic kits in this scale, some naval wargamers use these scales to play "in the grand manner" for battleship encounters, often playing on areas measured in yards rather than feet. This is also an extremely popular scale for American Civil War riverine and other ironclad era actions.
1:450 - another unusual scale, used for pirate and small Age of Sail actions (e.g. Peter Pig's "Pieces of Eight" range).
1:400, 1:300, 1:285 - some coastal models are available in these scales. Often used for riverine actions involving close liaison with land forces in similar scales.
10mm or 1:160 - a newer scale for "collectible" American Civil War naval gaming. Often used for actions involving close liaison with land forces in 10 mm.
Notable exceptions to the "ratio" rule are the use of 15 mm to 25 mm games that emphasise boarding actions, and thus make use of figure ranges in those scales.
Radio control combat
Rather than simply acting out battles through the use of representative static models, in model warship combat, radio control ships (usually used in ponds) are constructed and outfitted with BB cannons capable of damaging and sinking other vessels. The ships are designed to be realistically sunk, and all clubs have very stringent rules requiring ships not to be built with hulls stronger than is appropriate, typically specifying a thickness of the balsa wood hulls as well as a test of penetrability. To reduce the chance of spectator injuries, and to prevent a vessel from having an unfair advantage, the propellant gas used in the cannons is limited in pressure, and may be tested by the judges, again disqualifying a ship if it is too high.
For historic copies any ship traveling faster than the appropriate scale speed may be disqualified or ordered to maintain a slower speed. An inappropriately high top speed gives a ship an unfair advantage, and is frowned upon by other members. 1/144 scale is the most common scale, although others do exist.
Some events try to recreate historic events, while others create original scenarios, such as all-out war, a subset of ships defending a port against an attacking enemy, protection of a group of unarmed merchant vessels, or any other scenario the club members decide would be fun. Even in recreations of historic battles, the sequence of events and outcome of the engagements are decided by the actions and luck of the operators, and often do not have much resemblance of the historical events.
Depending on the rules, a ship may be allowed to surrender and receive safe passage back to shore where it is removed from play, or other ships may fire on it until it sinks. Ships are designed to tolerate sinking such that a sunken ship need only be retrieved after the battle is over, minor repairs executed, fresh batteries installed, and returned to the water for the next round. Many ships also contain bilge pumps, of a maximum capacity specified by the rules of a specific club for the type of ship, to allow them to sustain minor damage without immediately sinking.
In some formats, events are scored by the final results, such as which side has more remaining ships (or survives longest) in a two team game, while others are scored on a point systems, with hits and sinkings assigned differing point values.
See also
List of miniature wargames
Naval Wargames Society
Notes
References
Don't Give Up the Ship!, 1st Edition, 1972, Guidon Games, 50 pages, blue & black cover
Don't Give Up the Ship!, 2nd Edition, 1975, TSR, Inc., 58 pages, blue, white & black cover
White Dwarf 295 (U.S. ed.) | wiki |
These are lists of investigational drugs:
List of investigational analgesics
List of investigational antidepressants
List of investigational antipsychotics
List of investigational anxiolytics
List of investigational attention deficit hyperactivity disorder drugs
List of investigational hallucinogens and entactogens
List of investigational obsessive–compulsive disorder drugs
List of investigational sex-hormonal agents
List of investigational sexual dysfunction drugs
List of investigational sleep drugs
Drug-related lists
Experimental drugs | wiki |
is a Japanese model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Universe Japan 2012. she represented Japan at Miss Universe 2012 in Las Vegas.
Miss Universe Japan 2012
Ayako Hara was crowned "Miss Universe Japan 2012" at the Osaka International Convention Center on 1 April 2012.
References
External links
Miss Universe Japan
Japanese female models
Miss Universe 2012 contestants
People from Tokyo
Living people
1988 births
Japanese beauty pageant winners | wiki |
La région de Mamou est une subdivision administrative de la Guinée. La ville de Mamou en est le chef-lieu.
Géographie
Au sud, la région possède une frontière avec le Sierra Leone.
Préfectures
La région de Mamou est composée de trois préfectures :
la préfecture de Dalaba
la préfecture de Mamou
la préfecture de Pita
Mamou | wiki |
Telepathist may refer to:
Telepathy
The Whole Man, novel by John Brunner | wiki |
Rice roll may refer to:
Bánh cuốn, a Vietnamese dish
Gimbap, a Korean dish
Gỏi cuốn, a Vietnamese dish
Makizushi, a Japanese dish
See also
Rice noodle roll, a Cantonese dish | wiki |
A Town Like Alice is a 1950 novel by British author Nevil Shute.
Other works based on the novel:
A Town Like Alice (film), a 1956 film, also known as Rape of Malaya in U.S. cinemas
A Town Like Alice (miniseries), a 1981 Australian mini-series, produced by the Seven Network
A Town Like Alice (song) composed by Letty Katts, inspired by the book, not used in the film | wiki |
Steamed rice roll may refer to:
Bánh cuốn, a Vietnamese dish
Rice noodle roll, a Cantonese dish | wiki |
A welcome sign (or gateway sign) is a road sign at the border of a jurisdiction or region that introduces or welcomes visitors to the city/county/state/province/prefecture/canton/region. Examples of welcome signs can be found near political borders, such as when entering a state, province, county, city, or town, and they are increasingly found in neighborhoods and private communities. In European countries under the Schengen Agreement, a welcome sign may be found at borders between countries. Its purpose is partly informational, to inform drivers where they are, and partly for tourism, as it affords an opportunity to advertise features within the region to people who are entering it. A welcome sign is a type of town sign—a sign placed at the entrance to and exit from a city, town, or village. In many jurisdictions, the format of town signs is standardized; in some, welcome signs may be distinct from the legally mandated town sign.
A municipality's welcome sign may give its population or date of foundation, list twinned towns or services within the town, or depict the town's crest, typical local products, or the logo of sponsor organizations which maintain the sign (such as the local Lions Club).
Gallery
References
External links
Signage
Street furniture
Tourism
Traffic signs | wiki |
Side reins are equipment used when longeing a horse, running from the bit of the bridle to the saddle or surcingle. As a horse training tool, they encourage flexion and softness in the horse's mouth. For longe line work with a rider up who does not carry ordinary riding reins, they help calm and settle the animal. However, they are a tool best used by experienced handlers; used improperly they may unduly restrict the horse's movement or cause an accident.
The side rein
Side reins are made of leather or webbing, sometimes with added elastic, and have several rings or holes for buckles along their length. They are easily adjusted. Some designs have adjustable buckles and attach to the bit with a snap, other designs run through the bit ring, then fold back on themselves and snap to their own rings.
Side reins may be completely of solid material, or they may have an elastic or rubber ring insert. Each design has its advantages and disadvantages. Designs with elastic have more "give" to them, which is useful for sensitive horses or horses that throw their heads. Elastic inserts must be used with caution, however, as some horses learn to lean on them. Solid side reins are the older, classical design, give the horse a more solid contact to work into and discourage leaning, but must be adjusted with greater care because their lack of give may upset a sensitive horse and, particularly if too tight, may provoke rearing, headshaking and even panic in some animals. Side reins with a rubber donut provide some give, although not as much as elastic and so discourage leaning. However, they are heavier and are prone to bounce when the horse trots or canters, which does not provide as steady a contact as the solid or elastic-insert side reins.
Uses of the side rein
Elasticized side reins are often used with training young horses prior to being ridden. They help accustom a horse to the feel of pressure on the bit, and reward the horse when it gives or flexes to bit pressure. Solid side reins are usually used for more advanced horses. They give the horse something to take contact with, encourage balance and correct head carriage, help a horse develop self-carriage, and help stop a horse from over-bending in the neck.
Adjustment of the side rein
Side reins may be attached from the bit rings to the surcingle rings, or from the bit to the buckles of the girth of an English saddle or cinch rings of a western saddle.
Side reins are adjusted longer for less-experienced horses, and gradually shortened and raised higher (from point of shoulder up to the point of hip) as a horse becomes better trained. Side reins should never be so short that the horse's head is pulled behind the vertical. For green horses, the side reins should be adjusted so that the horse's head is approximately 4 inches in front of the vertical and the side reins are attached at a point level with the point of the shoulder.
As the horse becomes more advanced and more physically developed, the side reins may be shortened so the head is nearly vertical to the ground. Side reins should not pull the horse in—they do not create collection. Rather, a properly longed horse will collect himself, and the shorter side reins will be the correct length for him to keep a contact with the bit. Short side reins should not be used for long periods of time.
Side reins should usually be adjusted so they are the same length on each side, though in some cases, the inside rein may be slightly shorter, particularly with a horse that has previously been allowed to develop the habit of arcing its body away from the circle. It is considered correct to fasten the outside rein before the inside rein, similarly to the idea that a rider would take up outside contact before inside rein contact. It is best to make sure that both side reins are adjusted before attaching them to the bit, as it can be irritating to the horse to stand with one side rein attached while the handler is adjusting the other.
Improper adjustment of side reins can cause a horse to go behind the bit, spoil the horse's training, and even cause the horse to feel trapped, leading to rearing and the possibility that the horse will flip over.
When to attach side reins
A horse should always be warmed up and cooled down without the side reins, allowed to stretch long and low. When the side reins are first applied during a workout, they should be adjusted long and gradually shortened as the horse warms up into them.
Side reins are only for work in the trot and canter. Working a horse in side reins at the walk, other than in brief transitions can spoil the gait by inhibiting forward motion.
Side reins should not be used for jumping, as they restrict the use of the neck too much, and may even cause the horse to fall.
The sliding side rein/lauffer rein
The sliding side rein gives a bit more freedom to the horse than the standard side rein. It attaches from a lower ring on the surcingle, through the bit ring, and back up to an upper ring on the surcingle. This allows the horse to stretch down and lower his head while still maintaining contact with the bit, and are therefore useful on horses that are tight in the back, carry their head too high, or are learning to stretch forward and down for the bit contact.
Like the side rein, the lauffer rein is adjusted so that the horse has contact with it when his head is at or just in front of the vertical. Green horses should have the lauffer rein attached to a lower and middle surcingle rein, while more advanced horses can have the reins raised to a middle and high ring on the surcingle.
The sliding side rein was designed to be attached to the outside rings of the surcingle, not between the legs. Running the reins between the legs can encourage a horse to get behind the bit and overflex.
References
Study of rein tension on side reins
Reins | wiki |
The Western India cricket team was active in first-class cricket from November 1933 until February 1946, operating in the West Zone of the Ranji Trophy for twelve seasons. It was based in Rajkot, Gujarat, then part of Saurashtra State.
Western India, captained by the Englishman Herbert Barritt, won the Ranji Trophy in 1943-44.
Honours
Ranji Trophy
Winners (1): 1943-44
Notes
Indian first-class cricket teams
1933 establishments in India
1946 disestablishments in India
Cricket clubs established in 1933 | wiki |
Marjorie Bransfield is an American former actress.
She appeared in six films with Belushi (marked with an asterisk in the filmography), including a starring role in Abraxas, Guardian of the Universe. She had a small part in an episode of the TV series Murder One in 1996.
Personal life
Bransfield married actor Jim Belushi in 1990, they divorced in 1992 after two years of marriage.
Filmography
References
External links
American film actresses
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women | wiki |
Syrian Female Oriental Band is a Syrian eastern orchestra. Formed in 2003, the band consists of eight female graduates from the Higher
Institute of Music in Damascus.
Members
Wafa'a Safar: ney (supervising)
Dima Mawazini: qanun
Rihab Azar: oud
Razan Kassar: violin
Hadeel Mirkhan: cello
Raghad haddad: viola
Sana'a Wahba: double bass
Khesab Khaled: riq
References
External links
http://www.alalyiaalaw.org/en/eventDetails.php?eventId=22
Syrian musical groups
All-female bands
Musical groups established in 2003 | wiki |
The SHS file extension is primarily associated with Shell Scrap Object Files produced by Microsoft Windows. They are created by selecting part of a document content and then dragging and dropping it outside the document program window (e.g. selecting some lines of text in a Word document, dragging and dropping them on the desktop). The operating system will create an .shs file with the selected content, which will be useless alone, and only readable by dragging the icon and dropping it in a program which supports this mechanism.
Versions of Windows that support SHS are Windows 95, NT 4.0, 98, ME, 2000, XP, and Server 2003. Microsoft removed this function in Windows Vista, and it is not included with Vista or after with Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 10.
References
Computer file formats
Microsoft | wiki |
Filet may refer to:
Filet, Switzerland
Fillet (cut), a piece of meat or fish
Filet lace
See also
Fillet (disambiguation)
Philae, an island in Lake Nasser, Egypt
Philae (spacecraft), a robotic lander | wiki |
Arrest & Trial is an American, syndicated nontraditional court show which follows individual criminal cases (commission, police investigation, and actual trial) via a combination of reenactments and real trial footage. Episodes run for 30 minutes, and the program aired during the 2000-01 television season. Brian Dennehy hosted.
The program was produced by Dick Wolf, executive producer and creator of the Law & Order franchise.
Steve Zirnkilton, also of the Law & Order franchise was the show's narrator.
The show was transmitted in the UK on Channel 5.
External links
2000 American television series debuts
2001 American television series endings
2000s American legal television series
First-run syndicated television programs in the United States
Law & Order (franchise)
Television series by Universal Television | wiki |
Seal's sportive lemur (Lepilemur seali), or the Anjanaharibe-Sud sportive lemur, is a sportive lemur endemic to Madagascar. It is a large sportive lemur with a total length of about , of which are tail. Seal's sportive lemur is found in northeastern Madagascar, living in primary and secondary mid-altitude rainforests .
References
Sportive lemurs
Mammals described in 2006 | wiki |
The list is based on CIA World Factbook estimates for the year 2017. Only fully recognised sovereign states with United Nations membership are included on this list.
List
References
Population growth
Population Growth Rate, Africa | wiki |
Mount Erek (, , Varaga leř) is a mountain overlooking the city of Van in eastern Turkey.
The ruined prominent Armenian monastery of Varagavank ("monastery of Varag") is located at the foot of the mountain
References
Erek
Landforms of Van Province
Mountains of the Armenian Highlands
Three-thousanders of Turkey
Erek | wiki |
One-eyed monster may refer to:
One-eyed monster, a euphemism for the human penis
One-Eyed Monster (film), a 2008 sci-fi/horror comedy film starring Ron Jeremy
Monsters with one eye | wiki |
Micrometer can mean:
Micrometer (device), used for accurate measurements by means of a calibrated screw
American spelling of micrometre, a millionth of a metre | wiki |
Quercus crassipes is a species of oak tree. It is widespread across much of Mexico from Sonora and Hidalgo south to Chiapas.
It is a tree up to tall with a trunk as much as in diameter. The leaves are thick and leathery, up to long, elliptical with wavy edges no teeth or lobes.
References
External links
photo of herbarium specimen collected in Nuevo León in 1978
crassipes
Endemic oaks of Mexico
Trees of Puebla
Plants described in 1809
Taxa named by Aimé Bonpland
Flora of the Sierra Madre Oriental
Flora of the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca
Flora of the Sierra Madre del Sur
Flora of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt | wiki |
Soccer Mania, known in Japan as , is a soccer-themed sports simulation video game for the Nintendo Game Boy. It was released in 1990 in Japan and two years later in North America. The two releases differ slightly: in Soccer Mania, the player plays as the USA team, while in Soccer Boy, the player plays as the Japan team.
Gameplay
The player plays as either the USA team (in Soccer Mania) or the Japan team (in Soccer Boy) with the goal of defeating the other countries in a game of soccer: Brazil, Great Britain, West Germany (known as FRG / Federal Republic of Germany in-game), France, and either Japan, if playing Soccer Mania, or USA, if playing Soccer Boy. One player of the team is controlled at a time, with the view of the game focusing on wherever the ball is on the field.
A two-player mode exists where two people can play against each other utilizing the Game Boy's Link Cable functionality.
References
1990 video games
Association football video games
Game Boy games
Game Boy-only games
Epic/Sony Records games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games developed in Japan | wiki |
This list consists of fictional investigators written specifically for younger readers:
See also
List of fictional detectives found in child and young adult novels at the website Bookworm for Kids
Young adults | wiki |
Skinner's Dress Suit – film del 1917 diretto da Harry Beaumont
Skinner's Dress Suit – film del 1926 diretto da William A. Seiter | wiki |
TSOTB may refer to:
The Story of Tracy Beaker. A show from CBBC.
The Sins of Thy Beloved | wiki |
Magnetic Soccer is a European-exclusive Game Boy video game that was released in 1992; the concept of the game is based on the board game of tabletop football.
Gameplay
Each team has eight players (one goalkeeper, two attackers/defenders, and three midfielders). When the player moves a row, all of them are moved at once unlike on an actual table soccer set. Rows cannot be moved in an upward or a downward position; only from left to right. Stopping the ball and performing powerful shots is only one aspect of the game. Players can also incapacitate one of the opposing players on a well-timed shot. A tied game results in a penalty shootout.
Three different surfaces are available. Players can practice without a computer opponent and a spectator mode allows newcomers to see two computer-controller opponents face off.
Reception
The German computer and video games magazine Power Play gave Magnetic Soccer an overall rating of 57% in their December 1992 review.
References
1992 video games
Association football video games
Europe-exclusive video games
Game Boy-only games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Game Boy games
Video games based on board games
Video games developed in Japan | wiki |
Waxy skin is a cutaneous condition observed in roughly 50% of diabetic patients with longstanding disease.
See also
Diabetic dermadromes
Limited joint mobility
Skin lesion
References
Skin conditions resulting from errors in metabolism | wiki |
Prune kernel oil is a recently developed vegetable oil, pressed from the seeds ("kernel") of the d'Agen prune plum. The seeds are extracted from the fruitstones of the plum and have an oil content of 35% by weight, consisting of 70% oleic acid and 20% linoleic acid. The oil has a flavour reminiscent of bitter almond, and has been aggressively marketed as a gourmet virgin cooking oil. It is also used in the cosmetic industry for its emollient properties.
References
External links
Virgin prune kernel oil: Novel Food Assessment , British Food Standard Agency
Vegetable oils | wiki |
The rue Saint-Jacques (in French, literally "Saint James Street"), is a street in a number of cities, including:
Rue Saint-Jacques (Montreal), Canada
Rue Saint-Jacques, Paris, France
See also
St James Street (disambiguation) | wiki |
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