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Salvatore Piccolo (1911-1984) – avvocato e senatore Salvatore Piccolo (1948) – avvocato e deputato	wiki
Catherine Bott (n. 1995) – calciatrice neozelandese Catherine Bott (n. 1952) – soprano britannica	wiki
Diploma Entrance Test, Odisha is a complete state government controlled centralised entrance examination for getting admission to many government & private diploma engineering schools or polytechnics in Odisha. Students can get admission to Diploma Engineering, Diploma Non-Engineering like Hotel Management, Hospitality management & Film Making studies etc. after 10th, ITI & +2 Science. Examination Procedure Candidates can appear in this examination after 10th, ITI or after +2 science. There is two types of admission done in this process. First one is freshers for getting admission to first semester or first year & another one is lateral entry, that is after ITI or +2 Science getting admission to second year or third semester. For freshers students the test is based on general Science & Mathematics, but for lateral students the test prospective is harder than the freshers students. Also the lateral students have only 20% over the whole seats and no reservation quota is available for them. References External links Official Website. Standardised tests in India Education in Odisha Year of establishment missing	wiki
Lawfare is a form of war consisting of the use of the legal system against an enemy. Lawfare may also refer to: Lawfare (blog), a blog about national security law of United States Lawfare Project, a litigation fund defending Jewish civil rights Law of war	wiki
TCRE may refer to: Transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions, a measure of the response of the Earth's climate to CO2 Transcervical Resection of the Endometrium, a surgical procedure to remove part of the uterus	wiki
Show Me Love may refer to: Show Me Love (film) or Fucking Åmål, a 1998 Swedish film "Show Me Love" (Dawson's Creek), a television episode Show Me Love (album) or the title song (see below), by Robin S., 1993 Songs "Show Me Love" (Alicia Keys and Miguel song), 2019 "Show Me Love" (Bressie song), 2013 "Show Me Love" (Robin S. song), 1990 "Show Me Love" (Robin Schulz song), 2015 "Show Me Love" (Robyn song), 1997 "Show Me Love" (Tove Styrke song), 2022 "Show Me Love" (t.A.T.u. song), 2002 "Show Me Love" (Yaki-Da song), 1994 "Show Me Love (America)", by the Wanted, 2013 "Show Me Love (Not a Dream)", by Utada Hikaru, 2010 "Show Me Love", by Armin van Buuren from Balance, 2019 "Show Me Love", by Delorentos, 2014 "Show Me Love", by Hundred Waters, 2014 See also Show Me Your Love (disambiguation)	wiki
Bike crossing may refer to: Bicycle-sharing system, a service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals who do not own them A road crossing for bikeways in their own rights-of-way See also Crossing (disambiguation) Outline of cycling Road crossing (disambiguation)	wiki
Cradle of Man is a modern play by Melanie Marnich. It has been performed in Chicago and Dallas and stars David Eigenberg, Jennie Moreau, Peggy Roeder, Sean Cooper and Julie Ganey. It is set in Africa and deals with themes of lust, jealousy and our relationship with these primitive impulses. External links Script of Cradle of Man Review on www.theatermania.com Profile of Melanie Marnich 2005 plays American plays	wiki
Garae-tteok () is a long, cylindrical tteok (rice cake) made with non-glutinous rice flour. Grilled garae-tteok is sometimes sold as street food. Thinly (and usually diagonally) sliced garae-tteok is used for making tteokguk (rice cake soup), a traditional dish eaten during the celebration of the Korean New Year. The world record of the longest garaetteok was achieved in Dangjin, South Korea in 2018, with . Preparation It is traditionally made by steaming non-glutinous rice flour in siru (steamer), pounding it and rolling it between the palms and the table or rolling it between the palms. The method forms a thick, cylindrical rice cake, around in diameter. Hand-rolled garae-tteok is not uniform in size and has variations of thickness along its length. Modern garae-tteok is usually made by extruding the steamed rice flour with garae-tteok machines. See also Tteok-bokki References Street food in South Korea Tteok	wiki
A coatdress or coat dress is a woman's dress that resembles an overcoat, usually with collar, lapels and front fastenings similar to a coat, and made in spring- or autumn-weight fabrics. The modern coatdress first emerged in the 1910s, with a 1915 article in Vogue assuring readers that the new garment could be worn over waistcoats or underdresses. The basic coatdress was a wardrobe staple for most decades, but became particularly popular in the 1960s. In the 1980s and 1990s, Diana, Princess of Wales, was a particularly high-profile wearer of coatdresses, many designed by Catherine Walker. The coatdress is often recommended for those wishing to project a professional look, whether in the office, or in the courtroom. See also Pelisse Redingote References Dresses 20th-century fashion 21st-century fashion	wiki
Lapidary is the practice of shaping stone, minerals, or gemstones. Lapidary may also refer to: Lapidary (text) a treatise on gemology, especially when pre-modern Old English Lapidary Lapidary Point, a headland on King George Island Lapidary style, a style of prose appropriate for memorials, mausoleums, stelae See also Lapidarium (disambiguation)	wiki
A chokeslam is a type of body slam in professional wrestling, in which a wrestler grasps an opponent's neck, lifts them up, and slams them to the mat. It is common in televised wrestling because it is simple and relatively safe, yet looks powerful on camera. The chokeslam is typically used as a finisher by large wrestlers, further enhancing its perception as a powerful maneuver. This maneuver can be more damaging if the victim is slammed into an object, such as a table, steel chair, or garbage can. It is a common move performed by taller and bigger wrestlers. The most common variety of chokeslam is performed with a single-handed choke. The wrestler places their free hand behind the opponent's back or hooks the trunks to help turn them horizontally for the throw. Although a chokeslam begins with a "choke", it is not usually considered to be an illegal move. The single arm choke that normally precedes a chokeslam is known as a goozle. The invention of the chokeslam is credited to Paul Heyman for use by the wrestler 911, although it was already in use by AJPW wrestler Akira Taue since 1992 under the name nodowa otoshi ("choke drop/slam"). Furthermore, one of the earliest accounts of the move dates back to a 19th-century recounting that describes Abraham Lincoln (himself a wrestler in his youth) using a technique vaguely similar in description, but without any specific mention of the "slam" component. It is often used by large, powerful wrestlers such as The Undertaker, Kane, Big Show, Abyss, The Great Khali, Vader and Braun Strowman. This is because a larger, taller wrestler will be able to deliver a much higher, more impressive chokeslam than most smaller wrestlers. Their height and/or larger frames can also give them extra time to correct a botch if something goes wrong. However, some smaller wrestlers and even female performers have used the chokeslam, including Lacey Von Erich and The Hurricane, among others. Variations Back suplex chokeslam In this elevated chokeslam, innovated by Akira Taue, the wrestler stands behind the opponent, puts their head under one of the opponent's arms, and lifts them onto their shoulder. The wrestler then pushes the opponent upwards, turns 180°, and grabs hold of the falling enemy's throat, driving them down to the mat back first. Fireman's Carry Chokeslam In this Chokeslam Variant, A wrestler has their opponent held in a Fireman's Carry position. After this, they then transition into a chokeslam. This move is sometimes used by large superstars, but is occasionally used by some smaller superstars. Shane Haste/Shane Thorne has used this move as a finisher during his time in NOAH and NJPW, calling this move "Bomb Valley Death". Inverted powerslam chokeslam Like the vertical suplex chokeslam, but in this variant, the attacking wrestler puts the opponent in a powerbomb position and lifts them up in an inverted powerbomb. The wrestler moves their arm from around the opponent's neck, grabbing hold of their throat. The wrestler then slams the opponent down to the mat back first. Leg trap chokeslam Also known as a leg hook chokeslam, or the Sky High Chokeslam, as dubbed by Vader, the attacker starts out by lifting the opponent's left or right leg off the ground and tucks it under or hooks it over their arm while using their free hand to grab the opponent's neck. Then, the attacker lifts the opponent into the air and slams the opponent down to the mat. The move can also be used as a reversal from when the opponent tries some form of kick only to have the attacker catch and hold on to the leg, setting up the move from there. A sitting version and a kneeling version are also possible. One-handed chokeslam A very common variation, usually performed by a larger wrestler to a smaller one, this move sees the usual execution of the chokeslam done with just one hand lifted from the throat without the support of the other hand that usually goes on the back. Big Show, Kane, and The Undertaker frequently perform this. Big Show invented the kneeling chokeslam during his time in WCW under the name The Giant from 1995-1999. Reverse chokeslam This variation sees the wrestler stand behind the opponent, slightly to their side, then lift them up by their throat before slamming them face-first. Reverse impact chokeslam In this variation the attacking wrestler grabs the opponent's throat with one hand and grabs the opponent's abdomen with their free hand, then lifts the opponent over their head and slams the opponent similarly to a vertical suplex chokeslam. Sitout chokeslam This variation of a chokeslam is similar to an ordinary chokeslam, however, instead of the wrestler remaining standing, the wrestler falls into a seated position while forcing the opponent back-first into the mat. Damian Priest uses this move as his signature move, calling it South of Heaven. Two-handed chokeslam This move sees a wrestler first grasp an opponent's neck with both hands, then lift them up and choke them before throwing the opponent back down to the mat, usually after choking out the opponent. A falling version of this move can see the attacking wrestler fall forward to the mat while keeping their arms extended, but will more often see the wrestler fall into a seated position or a kneeling position. It's mainly used by Tensai and The Great Khali. Vertical suplex chokeslam In this elevated chokeslam, innovated by Akira Taue, the wrestler applies a front facelock to the opponent and wraps their arm over the opponent's neck or body. The wrestler then lifts the opponent upside down, as in a vertical suplex. The wrestler moves their arm from around the opponent's neck, grabbing hold of their throat. The wrestler then slams the opponent down to the mat back first. References External links Professional wrestling moves	wiki
Below is a list of all the South American countries, in South America of geographical area. South America's total geographical area is 17,732,850 km² or 1.618.58.478545.7546.865 km Countries Territories These territories, also located in South America, are not sovereign nations but former colonies of Europe and countries under control of France and the UK. Transcontinental countries Panama is not regarded as a transcontinental country but the country is sometimes included in South America due to being part of Colombia prior to its secession in 1903. The island of Trinidad is sometimes included in South America, which then makes Trinidad and Tobago a transcontinental country. See also List of South American countries by population List of African countries by area List of Asian countries by area List of European countries by area List of North American countries by area List of Oceanian countries by area References Countries by geographical area South American countries Area	wiki
Flins may refer to Flins (mythology), god of death in Wendish mythology Flins-sur-Seine, French commune in Yvelines Flins-Neuve-Église, French commune in Yvelines Flins Renault Factory, car factory at Flins-sur-Seine	wiki
2007 heat wave may refer to: 2007 Asian heat wave 2007 European heat wave 2007 Eastern North American heat wave See also Summer 2007	wiki
West End Elementary School can refer to: West End Elementary School (Carey, Ohio), on the National Register of Historic Places West End Elementary School (Gaffney, South Carolina), a former NRHP West End Elementary School (Easley, South Carolina) West End Elementary School (Meadville, Pennsylvania)	wiki
The Maratha Warriors was a club in the defunct Premier Hockey League. Maratha Warriors may also refer to: Maratha Warriors (IVL Club), a club in the Indian Volley League Warriors of the Maratha Empire	wiki
Coca-Cola Raspberry is a Coca-Cola drink with a raspberry flavor that was sold in New Zealand on a trial basis. A "Diet Coke Raspberry" version was also sold. Both were first introduced on June 1, 2005, and had been discontinued by the end of the year. In the summer of 2017, the drink was brought back in New Zealand for a limited release. It was reintroduced as a summer flavor in Australia. In August 2018 Raspberry was offered as a zero sugar flavor in Finland and Norway, this flavor was further launched in the UK in January 2019. Raspberry was also offered by REMA 1000 in Denmark as Zero Sugar flavor and was disconnected and replaced by Coke Lemon Zero Sugar in October same year, In 600ml bottles in Taiwan as of as early as 2019. A similar version, California Raspberry, was released in 2019. Coca-Cola Raspberry released at the end of 2019 in Sweden and is only available as the zero sugar flavor. In 2021, Coca-Cola Raspberry became available in the Netherlands and Belgium. Vending machine availability Raspberry was the third flavor added to original Coke in New Zealand. The others are vanilla coke and cherry coke. Raspberry Coke was initially posted on US auction sites, with bottles selling in the $10 US dollar range. It is now generally no longer available and would be considered extremely rare and collectable. , remaining supplies have been exhausted and are not available for sale via online auctions or retail outlets. The only remaining place that Coca-Cola Raspberry can be found is in Coca-Cola Freestyle touch-screen soda fountains. It is also available in selected Burger King restaurants in the UK. Raspberry Coke was a popular flavor available in Australia through Summer 2017–18 along with 'Coffee Coke' and 'Ginger Coke'. See also Diet Coke References External links Coca-Cola brands Discontinued soft drinks New Zealand drinks Food and drink introduced in 2005 Raspberry	wiki
Annat may refer to: In geography Annat, a settlement in the Highland region of Scotland Annat, a settlement in the Argyll and Bute region of Scotland Other uses Anat, a Canaanite goddess	wiki
SHVC may refer to: Save Happy Valley Coalition, a New Zealand environmental activist organization. Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding SHVC ("Super Home Video Computer"), the product code used by Nintendo for Super Famicom hardware and software in Japan	wiki
Japan has 14,125 islands. Approximately 430 are inhabited. This list provides basic geographical data of the most prominent islands belonging or claimed by Japan. claimed but not controlled See also Geography of Japan List of islands of Japan List of islands Names of Japan References This article used material from Japanese Wikipedia page 日本の島の一覧, accessed 28 July 2017 Japan, List of islands of Islands Lists of islands by area	wiki
Queso frito (English: fried cheese) is a fried cheese dish. It consists of a white, salty cheese with a high melting point called queso de freír (Spanish: frying cheese), queso paisa, or queso fresco (fresh cheese) or queso blanco (white cheese). Queso frito is made throughout South America, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico. See also Fried cheese References Colombian cuisine Dominican Republic cuisine Nicaraguan cuisine Puerto Rican cuisine Mexican cuisine Cheese dishes	wiki
Carl Alexander Clerck – entomologo e aracnologo svedese Hendrick de Clerck – pittore fiammingo Stefaan De Clerck – politico belga Pagine correlate Clerc	wiki
Gamasellus taeniatus is a species of mite in the family Ologamasidae. References taeniatus Articles created by Qbugbot Animals described in 1982	wiki
is a vertically scrolling shoot 'em up arcade game released by NMK in 1986, licensed to Jaleco. One controls a fighter jet and shoot enemies in the air and on the ground, collect power-ups, and defeat bosses to advance levels. One button is used to shoot missiles and the other is used to shoot a laser that shoots enemies and power-ups on the ground. Reception In Japan, Game Machine listed Argus on their March 1, 1986 issue as being the thirteenth most-successful table arcade unit of the month. Legacy Argus, is one of the video games was adapted by Manga titled , published in the Gamest Comics collection from April 1999, drawn by Kouta Hirano. Argus was released on the Nintendo Switch in the Nintendo eShop on 30 August 2018 by Hamster Corporation as part of their Arcade Archives series. References External links Argus at Arcade History 1986 video games Arcade video games Nintendo Entertainment System games Nintendo Switch games NMK (company) games PlayStation 4 games Vertically scrolling shooters Hamster Corporation games Multiplayer and single-player video games	wiki
Michael Jackson (1958–2009) was an American recording artist. He debuted on the professional music scene at the age of 5, as a member of The Jackson 5, and began a solo career in 1971 while still a member of the group in subsequent years. Referred to as the "King of Pop", Michael Jackson is considered to be one of the greatest entertainers of all time and one of the most influential artists of the 20th century. Jackson's career was rewarded with 13 Grammy Awards, as well as the Grammy Legend Award and Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award; 6 Brit Awards, 5 Billboard Music Awards and 24 American Music Awards. He currently holds 20 Guinness World Records. The organization also recognized Jackson as the world’s most successful entertainer in 2006. He's a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, becoming one of only a few artists to be inducted twice (he was inducted in 1997 as a member of The Jackson 5 and again as a solo artist in 2001). Jackson was also inducted into the National Museum of Dance and Hall of Fame, making him the first and currently, only recording artist to be inducted. He was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. Jackson was also inducted in 2014 into the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame along with his father Joe Jackson. In 1984, Jackson was approached to donate "Beat It" as backing music for a commercial on drunk driving. Jackson agreed and it was arranged for the singer to be awarded with an honor from the President of the United States, Ronald Reagan. In April 1990, Jackson returned to the White House to be recognized as "Artist of the Decade" by President George H. W. Bush. Two years later, on May 1, 1992, President Bush presented Jackson with an award acknowledging him as "a point of light ambassador". Jackson received the award in recognition for his efforts in inviting disadvantaged children to his Neverland Ranch. Jackson was the only entertainer to receive the award. He has two Primetime Emmy Award nominations in 1983 and 1990. Awards and nominations Pro-Set Los Angeles Music Awards Pro-Set Los Angeles Music Awards has given Jackson two awards. \|- \|rowspan="2"\| 1992 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Best Pop Male Vocalist \|\| \|- \| "Black or White" \|\| Video Of The Year \|\| Puls Music TV Puls Music TV awarded Jackson with two awards in 1998, including one for "Best Foreign Male Singer". \|- \|rowspan="2"\| 1998 \|\|rowspan="2"\| Michael Jackson \|\| Best Foreign Male Singer \|\| \|- \| Best Show of the Year - 1997 \|\| \|- Radio Luxembourg Golden Lion Awards In 1993, Jackson received a Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement from Radio Luxembourg and RTL. \|- \| 1993 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Golden Lion \|\| \|- Radio Music Awards In 2003, Jackson was honoured with a Radio Music Award for his humanitarian endeavors. \|- \| 2003 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Humanitarian Award \|\| \|- Rennbahn Express Magazine (Austria) Rennbahn Express Magazine has given Jackson two awards. \|- \| 1988 \|\| Thriller \|\| Video of the 80's \|\| \|- \| 1988 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Star of the 80's \|\| Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame \|- \| 2014 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame \|\| \|- Rock and Roll Hall of Fame The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is a museum located on the shores of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States, dedicated to recording the history of some of the best-known and most influential artists, producers, and other people who have in some major way influenced the music industry. Michael Jackson has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice; as a member of The Jackson 5 and as a solo artist. \|- \| 1997 \|\| The Jackson 5 \|\| Rock and Roll Hall of Fame \|\| \|- \| 2001 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Rock and Roll Hall of Fame \|\| Rockbjörnen The Rockbjörnen is a music award ceremony in Sweden, established in 1979 by the Aftonbladet, one of the largest newspapers in Nordic countries. Jackson won two awards. \|- \| 1987 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Best International Artist \|\| \|- \| 1992 \|\| Dangerous \|\| Best International Album \|\| Saturn Awards The Saturn Award is an American award presented annually by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films; it was initially created to honor science fiction, fantasy, and horror on film, but has since grown to reward other films belonging to genre fiction, as well as on television and home media releases. The award was originally referred to as a Golden Scroll. The Saturn Awards were created in 1973. \|- \| 1979 \|\| Michael Jackson (for The Wiz) \|\| Best Supporting Actor \|\| \|- Smash Hits Awards Smash Hits was a pop music based magazine, aimed at children and young teenagers, and originally published in the United Kingdom by EMAP. It ran from 1978 to 2006 and was issued fortnightly for most of that time. The name survives as a brand for a related spin-off digital television channel, digital radio station, and website which have survived the demise of the printed magazine. Michael Jackson has won five Smash Hits related awards. \|- \| 1987 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Best Male Singer \|\| \|- \| 1988 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Best Male Solo Singer \|\| \|- \| 1992 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Best Male Solo Singer \|\| \|- \| 1993 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Best Male Solo Singer \|\| \|- \| 1994 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Best Male Solo Singer \|\| \|- \| 1995 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Best Male Singer \|\| \|- \| 1996 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Best Male Singer \|\| Songwriters Hall of Fame \|- \| 2002 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Songwriters Hall of Fame \|\| \|- Soul Train Awards The Soul Train Music Awards is an annual award show aired in national television syndication that honors the best in Black music and entertainment. It is produced by the makers of Soul Train, the program from which it takes its name, and features musical performances by various R&B and hip hop music recording artists interspersed throughout the ceremonies. Jackson won six competitive trophies and was honored with four special awards, including the Sammy Davis Jr. Award for Entertainer of the Year and the Heritage Award for Career Achievement at the 1989 ceremony. In 1995, the awards show inducted him into their Hall of Fame. In 1997, the video award was renamed the "Michael Jackson Award for Best R&B/Soul or Rap Music Video" until 2004 where it was renamed in honor of Berry Gordy until the category was removed before the 2008 show. Since 2011, it's been presented as simply "Video of the Year". On November 2, 1995, Jackson was one of several performers to take part in The Soul Train 25th Anniversary Hall of Fame Special, alongside Whitney Houston, Diana Ross, Stevie Wonder, MC Hammer, Patti LaBelle and Bill Withers. Jackson performed "Dangerous" and "You Are Not Alone" during that telecast. It was Jackson's second televised performance that year less than two months after he performed at the MTV Video Music Awards that year. Jackson was one of several inductees alongside Ross, Houston, LaBelle, Withers, Barry White, Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye. Jackson is only one of two artists to win the Sammy Davis Jr. Entertainer of the Year honor twice, first in 1989 and then in 2009 following his death that year. Beyoncé won it twice, one as member of Destiny's Child and later as a solo artist. After Jackson won the posthumous honor, which was accepted by his surviving brother Jermaine, however, the award was discontinued. \|- \|rowspan="3"\| 1988 \|\|rowspan"2"\| "Bad"\|\| Best Single - Male \|\| \|- \| Bad \|\| Album of the Year - Male \|\| \|- \| "The Way You Make Me Feel" \|\| Best Music Video \|\| \|- \|rowspan="5"\| 1989 \|\| rowspan="2"\| Michael Jackson\|\| Sammy Davis Jr. Award for Entertainer of the Year \|\| \|- \| Heritage Award for Career Achievement \|\| \|- \|rowspan="3"\| Man in the Mirror \|\| Best R&B/Soul Single – Male \|\| \|- \| Best R&B/Urban Contemporary Music Video \|\| \|- \| Best R&B/Urban Contemporary Song of the Year \|\| \|- \|rowspan="2"\| 1992 \|\|rowspan="2"\| "Black Or White" \|\| Best R&B/Soul Single – Male \|\| \|- \| Best Music Video \|\| \|- \|rowspan="4"\| 1993 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Humanitarian Award \|\| \|- \| Dangerous \|\| Best R&B/Soul Album – Male \|\| \|- \| rowspan="2" \| "Remember the Time" \| Best R&B/Soul Single – Male \| \|- \| Best Music Video \| \|- \|rowspan="3"\| 1996 \|\| "You Are Not Alone" \|\| Best R&B/Soul Single - Male \|\| \|- \| HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I \|\| Best R&B/Soul Album of the Year - Male \|\| \|- \| "Scream" (with Janet Jackson) \|\| Best R&B/Soul or Rap Music Video\|\| \|- \| 2009 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Sammy Davis Jr. Entertainer of the Year\|\| \|- \| rowspan=3 \| 2014 \| rowspan=2 \| "Love Never Felt So Good" (with Justin Timberlake) \| Song of the Year \| \|- \| Best Collaboration \| \|- \| rowspan=1 \| "Xscape" \| Album of the Year \| Hall of Fame \|- \| 1995 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Hall of Fame \|\| \|- Stinkers Bad Movie Awards \|- \| 2002 \|\| Michael Jackson (for Men in Black II) \|\| Most Distracting Celebrity Cameo Appearance \|\| \|- Teen Choice Awards \|- \| 2010 \|\| This Is It \|\| Choice Movie: Dance \|\| \|- The Telegatto Awards (Italy) \|- \| 1983 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Artist of the Year \|\| \|- TMF Awards (Netherlands) The TMF Awards Netherlands gave Jackson four awards. \|- \|\| 1996 \|\|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Best International Singer \|\| \|- \|\| 1996 \|\|\| "Earth Song" \|\| Best International Video Clip \|\| \|- \|\| 1997 \|\|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Best International Singer \|\| \|- \|\| 1997 \|\|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Best Live Act \|\| \|- TV Land Awards \|- \|2007 \|\| Moonwalking on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever \|\| Televisions Greatest Music Moment \|\| UK Music Hall of Fame The UK Music Hall of Fame is an awards ceremony to honor musicians, of any nationality, for their lifetime contributions to music in the United Kingdom. In 2004, the first ceremony inducted five founding members and five additional members selected by a public televote, two from each of the last five decades. The founding members were Madonna, The Beatles, Elvis Presley, Bob Marley and U2. Jackson was among five others selected by a public televote alongside Cliff Richard and The Shadows, the Rolling Stones, Queen and Robbie Williams. \|- \| 2004 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| UK Music Hall of Fame \|\| \|- United Negro College Fund The United Negro College Fund (UNCF) is an American philanthropic organization that fundraises college tuition money for black students and general scholarship funds for 39 private historically black colleges and universities. The UNCF was incorporated on April 25, 1944, by Frederick D. Patterson, Mary McLeod Bethune, and others. In 1988, they awarded Jackson with the Frederick Patterson Award. \|- \|rowspan="2"\| 1988 \|\|rowspan="2"\| Michael Jackson \|\| Frederick Patterson Award \|\| \|- \| Doctor of Humane Letters \|\| United States National Recording Registry In 2009, Jackson's Thriller album was inducted into the U.S. National Recording Registry. Each year, organizers select twenty-five recorded works to preserve in the Library of Congress archives based on historical, cultural or aesthetic significance. A recording is only eligible beginning 10 years after its creation. \|- \| 2009 \|\| Thriller \|\| Historical, Cultural or Aesthetic Significance \|\| \|- Video Software Dealer Association The Video Software Dealer's Association awarded Jackson with an award for Moonwalker movie in 1989. \|- \| 1989 \|\| Moonwalker \|\| Favorite Music Video \|\| \|- Virgin Media Music Awards \|- \| 2010 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Legend Of The Year \|\| \|- VH1 Awards Vh1 (originally an initialism of Video Hits One) is an American pay television network based in New York City owned by ViacomCBS. It was originally created by Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment, at the time a division of Warner Communications and the original owner of MTV, and launched on January 1, 1985, in the former space of Turner Broadcasting System's short-lived Cable Music Channel. VH1 Honors In 1995, Michael Jackson was the inaugural honoree of the VH1 International Humanitarian Award at the VH1 Honors, designed to recognize artists' efforts to help the world. \|- \| 1995 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| International Humanitarian Award \|\| Webby Awards A Webby Award is an award for excellence on the Internet presented annually by The International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences, a judging body composed of over one thousand industry experts and technology innovators. Categories include websites; advertising and media; online film and video; mobile sites and apps; and social. \|- \| 2012 \|\| Behind The Mask \|\| Online Film & Video/Best Editing \|\| \|- World Awards Michael Jackson was presented with a World Award in 2002. \|- \| 2002 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| World Arts Award 2002 \|\| World Music Awards The World Music Awards (founded in 1989) is an international awards show that annually honors recording artists based on their worldwide sales figures, which are provided by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI). The awards show is conducted under the patronage of H.S.H. Prince Albert of Monaco, Monte-Carlo. Jackson won six competitive awards, five special honors including the Artist of the Millennium and the Chopard Diamond award in 2006. \|- \|1989 \|\| "Dirty Diana" \|\| Viewers Choice #1 Video \|\| \|- \|rowspan="2" \| 1993 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Best Selling U.S. Artist of the Year \|\| \|- \| Michael Jackson \|\| World's Best Selling Pop Artist \|\| \|- \|rowspan="3" \| 1996 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Best Selling Male Artist \|\| \|- \| Michael Jackson \|\| Best Selling American Artist \|\| \|- \| Michael Jackson \|\| Best Selling R&B Artist \|\| \|- \| 2008 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| World's Best Selling Pop/Rock Male Artist \|\| Special honors \|- \| 1993 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| World's Best Selling Artist of the Era \|\| \|- \|rowspan="2" \| 1996 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Best Selling Artist Ever \|\| \|- \| Thriller \|\| Best Selling Record of All Time \|\| \|- \| 2000 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Best Selling Male Artist of the Millennium \|\| \|- \| 2006 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Diamond Award \|\| \|- Philips Hall of Fame Jackson was the first and only artist to be received the Philips Hall of Fame from the World Music Awards. Michael accepted the honor from singer Whitney Houston at his Neverland Ranch. \|- \| 1989 \|\| Michael Jackson\|\| Philips Hall of Fame \|\| \|- Guinness World Records The Guinness World Records is a reference book published annually, containing a collection of world records, both human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. The Guinness World Records, originally known as the Guinness Book of World Records, are not referred to as "awards" but as records that a person holds until it is broken by another person. Jackson currently holds 20 Guinness World Records out of a total of 39 records set in his lifetime, including best-selling album of all time and most expensive music video. \|- \|rowspan="2" \| 1984 \|\| Thriller \|\| Best-selling album of all time \|\| \|- \| Michael Jackson \|\| Most Grammy wins in one night \|\| \|- \| 1986 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Highest-paid commercial spokesperson \|\| \|- \|rowspan="2"\| 1988 \|\| Bad at Wembley Stadium \|\| Most successful concert series \|\| \|- \| Bad \|\| Highest-grossing tour by a male solo artist \|\| \|- \| 1990 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Highest fees for an entertainer \|\| \|- \| 1996 \|\| "Scream" (Shared with Janet Jackson) \|\| Most expensive short film \|\| \|- \| 1997 \|\| Thriller \|\| Best-selling album by a male soloist in the UK \|\| \|- \|rowspan="2" \| 1999 \|\| Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson \|\| Most successful siblings \|\| \|- \| Michael Jackson \|\| Youngest vocalist to top the US singles chart \|\| \|- \|rowspan="2" \| 2000 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Most charities supported by a pop star \|\| \|- \| Michael Jackson \|\| Longest span of No. 1 hits by an R&B artist \|\| \|- \|rowspan="2"\| 2002 \|\| Ghosts \|\| Longest music video \|\| \|- \| Making Michael Jackson's Thriller \|\| Best-selling music video \|\| \|- \| 2006 \|\| "You Are Not Alone" \|\| First vocalist to enter the US single chart at No. 1 \|\| \|- \|\| 2006 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Most hit songs on UK Singles chart in one calendar year \|\| \|- \|rowspan="2" \| 2009 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Most simultaneous charted singles in the UK charts in a year \|\| \|- \| Michael Jackson \|\| Most American Music Awards won by a male artist \|\| \|- \|rowspan="2"\| 2010 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Highest-earning deceased artist \|\| \|- \| Michael Jackson \|\| Most searched for – male \|\| \|- \|rowspan="2"\| 2011 \|\| Michael Jackson's This Is It \|\| Highest-grossing concert film of all time \|\| \|- \| Michael Jackson \|\| Longest span of US top 40 singles \|\| \|- \| 2015 \|\| "Black or White" \|\| Largest TV audience for a video premiere \|\| \|- \| rowspan="3"\| 2016 \|\| Michael Jackson \|\| Highest annual earnings for a celebrity ever \|\| \|- \| Michael Jackson \|\| Highest-earning dead celebrity \|\| \|- \| Michael Jackson \|\|Most Viewed Wikipedia Page for a musician \| \|- \| 2017 \|\|Thriller \|\| Best-selling album (Canada) \|\| \|- \| 2017 \|\|Michael Jackson \|\| Most Billboard Music Awards won \|\| \|- Decorations From Gabon Officer of the National Order of Merit In 1992, during a visit to Gabon, Michael became the first (and only) entertainer to receive the National Order of Merit from President Omar Bongo. Keys to the City September 1987: Osaka, Japan. During a break from performing in Osaka, as part of the Bad world tour, Jackson was awarded the Key to the City by Mayor Yasushi Oshima. April 21, 1988: Chicago, Illinois. Upon performing three sold-out concerts at the Metropolitan Chicago's Rosemont Horizon in April 1988, Jackson received the Key to the City from Mayor Eugene Sawyer, who cited the entertainer for his onstage performance and humanitarian philanthropy. Jackson shared his honor backstage with internationally renowned singer, dancer, and actress Lola Falana, who was also waging a courageous battle against multiple sclerosis. June 11, 2003: Gary, Indiana. Michael Jackson received Key to the City of Gary from Mayor Scott King. October 25, 2003: Las Vegas, Nevada. Jackson was given the Key to the City of Las Vegas from Mayor Oscar Goodman; the mayor also made the date "Michael Jackson Day". June 15, 2018: Detroit, Michigan. Jackson was posthumously awarded the Key to the City of Detroit during the Detroit Music Weekend 2018. Royal titles and styles Africa Kingdom of Sanwi 19922009: King Sani Nanan Amalaman Anoh, High Prince of the Agni people. In a high-profile visit to Africa, in 1992 Jackson visited several countries, among them Gabon and Egypt. In his trip to Côte d'Ivoire, Jackson was crowned "King Sani" by the king of the Sanwi, a kingdom of the Agni people. He then signed official documents formalizing his chieftaincy, sat on a golden throne under the sacred Krindja tree, and presided over ceremonial dances. He held the title up until his death. Jesse Jackson was later created the High Prince of the Agni people of Côte d'Ivoire following Michael Jackson's passing away. Other honors In December 1984, Jackson was voted "Hero Of Young America" in a poll of 4,000 teenagers by The World Almanac and Book of Facts. On November 20, 1984, with the installation of Star No. 1,793 of the Hollywood Walk of Fame in front of Grauman's Chinese Theatre, Jackson became the first celebrity to have two stars in the same category, having received one as a member of The Jacksons in 1980. During the 1984 Summer Olympics, the Jackson family was given the Medal of Friendship Award. In 1984, the NAACP announced that Michael Jackson and his brothers were named honorary co-chairmen of the civil rights organization's National Voter Registration Drive. Registration booths were set up outside Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, the venue of his Victory tour's opening concert on July 4. In 1984, the Brotman Medical Center, which treated Jackson for second and third-degree burns on his scalp following a pyrotechnic incident while filming a Pepsi commercial, renamed their burn center to the Michael Jackson Burn Center, and gave him a plaque called the Michael Jackson Burn Center Plaque, in honor of the singer. In 1985, stamps featuring Michael Jackson were printed in the British Virgin Islands. Jackson was included in TIME Magazine's All-TIME 100 Fashion Icons list in 2012. Michael Jackson is the second most sculpted of all the Madame Tussauds wax figures, with a total of 19 pieces in their museums around the world. Only Queen Elizabeth II has been portrayed more often. Mesoparapylocheles michaeljacksoni, an extinct hermit crab which existed during the Albian or Cenomanian age in what is now Spain, is named after Jackson. A crater on the Moon, previously known as Posidonius J (located on the Lake of Dreams), has been renamed after Jackson by the Lunar Republic Society. In 1998, Daikaku Chodoin (the founder and president of the United World Karate Association) presented Jackson with the Honorary Chairmanship of the United World Karate Association and a godan (fifth degree) black belt. Michael Jackson was made an honorary member of the New Westminster Police Department in 1984 while in British Columbia, Canada. On November 19, appointed police constable "PC 49", he promised to "serve the Queen and cause the peace to be kept and preserved". On June 20, 1988, Michael Jackson arrives in Paris, France, P.R.-ist Bob Jones and bodyguard Wayne Nagin. The city's mayor at the time, Jacques Chirac, honoured Jackson the Grand Vermeil Medal of the City of Paris, equivalent to the Keys to the City. On July 22, 1988, Disney characters, Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck, present an elated star with a pair of specially engraved ice skates backstage before his concert in Wembley, England. In 1988, his autobiography, "Moonwalk", makes The New York Times' publication Best Seller List as the number 1 Best Seller of the year. In 1989, Michael Jackson's former elementary school, the Gardner Street Elementary in Los Angeles, designated its school auditorium the "Michael Jackson Auditorium". Mr. Jackson appeared at the ceremony, in which the school children sang his hit song, "We Are the World". In 2003, after accusations of child molestation, the school chose to cover Jackson's name with plywood. The school board stated that the request had come from some parents who "felt more comfortable with it covered". Jackson's spokesperson stated that he wondered "what those parents will say when Mr. Jackson is exonerated". At the end of the trial Jackson was acquitted of all charges. Recently, following petitions and letters to City Council and the Gardner Street Elementary School superintendent and principal, the "Michael Jackson Auditorium" sign has been uncovered. Jackson was named Most Famous Alumnus of Gardner Street Elementary School, in Hollywood, California and the school auditorium was renamed for him in 1989. On February 23, 1995, Michael gave a special preview of some of the songs off his forthcoming album HIStory to the National Association of Recording Merchandisers. The NARM presented him with the Harold Chapin Humanitarian Award at the preview. In 2002 Michael Jackson was presented with the 30th Anniversary Award by its designer, Nijel, who also designed the Top Selling Artist Of The Decade Award in 1990. The award was given by the fans, celebrating him being on stage for 30 years. Fans all over the world donated money to contribute for the award to being created. In 2007, Jackson visited the United States Army base south of Tokyo and was commemorated with a letter of appreciation from the Colonel. On Australia Day 2012, Jackson was honored by being immortalized at the Grauman's Chinese Theater by his children, Prince, Paris and Blanket Jackson. Among many other celebrities there to pay tribute to him were Quincy Jones, Chris Tucker, Smokey Robinson, Justin Bieber with performances made by the Glee cast and Cirque Du Soliel and many other. Michael Jackson Award Belt - Versace black leather belt with gold hardware belt buckles adorned with colorful gemstones in the amount of 4 million with fluer de lis ornament pattern. belt inscribed "Presented to Michael Jackson from Sony Music UK 1992" and is contained in custom wood and container plaxiglass. Precious metal gold microphone on a burl walnut plaque reading "Presented to Michael Jackson by The Prince's Trust in recognition of outstanding support it". Shadow box display in the style of Jackson's album Dangerous in 1991. Award plaque reads in full "triple platinum record awarded to Michael Jackson for sale in Switzerland more than 150,000 units of Sony Music Entertainment AG Dangerous." In 1997, Jackson was awarded a Diamond Award and was named one of the princes of Africa in a prestigious ceremony with various high-profile political leaders of Africa. In 1989 Rock Over Europe Awards awarded Jackson with the Children of the world music video award. 1989 - CEBA (Creative Excellence in Business Advertising) awards the plaque reading "Motown On Showtime" presented to "Michael Jackson The Legend Continues" Michael Jackson, Co-Executive Producer, 1989. Small metal banded glass balls topped with a crown design metal reading "Germany Music Servat Mundum 1992" commemorating "MJ King of Music". Silver goblets mounted to a marble base with a plaque reading in full "Michael Jackson Superstar of The Century -. Magazine " Lucite award reads "Rock" with the text printed on the base reads in full "The Children of the world video awards 1989 Rock IM & MC Over Europe." Player awards metal sculpture in the style of Rodin's The Thinker. A metal plaque on the front reads in full "World of Art Award 2002 World Michael Jackson presented by President Mikhail S. Gorbachev ". Piece curve patinaed black metal to make it look like a piece of paper resting on a cushion of black velvet and faux pearls lined presentation. The award reads in full "Michael Jackson / The Power of Music / is the strength of Soul./VH1 Honors / The Musicians Who Goes / Share Beyond / Soul and Share Time / Energy and Resources / For Help Others/Vh1 Honors / June 22, 1995 " See also List of Michael Jackson records and achievements Grammy Award milestones Honorific nicknames in popular music The Greatest American Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award Notes References Sources George, Nelson (2004). Michael Jackson: The Ultimate Collection booklet. Sony BMG. External links Informative site on Michael Jackson's awards and achievements Awards Jackson, Michael	wiki
Oakley Hall (1920–2008) was an American novelist. Oakley Hall may also refer to: People Oakley Hall III (1950–2011), American playwright Oakley Hall (band), an American folk rock band Buildings Oakley Hall, Staffordshire, a historic building in Mucklestone, Staffordshire, England Oakley Hall, Hampshire Great Oakley Hall, a historic building in Great Oakley, Northamptonshire, England See also A. Oakey Hall (1826–1898), mayor of New York City, 1869–1872 Architectural disambiguation pages	wiki
Acidosasa chienouensis is a species of bamboo native to China. It can reach heights of up to and a stem diameter of up to . References Bambusoideae Endemic flora of China Grasses of China Plants described in 1983	wiki
Black Pearl pepper is a cultivar of Capsicum annuum. It is characterized by distinctive black leaves and fruit. It was developed by Arboretum Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit scientists Rob Griesbach and John Stommel of the Agricultural Research Service’s Vegetable Laboratory. This pepper plant is notably similar to another strain, named the Black Hungarian, another designer pepper plant. Though edible (the flavor has a citrus undertone with a slow burn between 4 and 12 times hotter than a jalapeño on the Scoville Scale), it is considered an ornamental plant and even won an award for its beauty from All-Americas Selections in 2006. The Black Pearl has characteristic semi-gloss black to deep-purple leaves with peppers that are black and turn crimson when fully ripened. References Capsicum cultivars	wiki
The following is a list of French Open champions in tennis: Champions † Not considered to be a Grand Slam event. A French club members only tournament. †† Disputed champions: Not considered to be a Grand Slam event. Not sanctioned or recognised by the FFT. See Tournoi de France Senior Wheelchair Junior ‡ = a player who won both the junior and senior title.† = a player who won the junior title and reached the senior final. See also Lists of champions of specific events List of French Open men's singles champions List of French Open women's singles champions List of French Open men's doubles champions List of French Open women's doubles champions List of French Open mixed doubles champions Other Grand Slam tournament champions List of Australian Open champions List of Wimbledon champions List of US Open champions Notes References	wiki
Entomatadas () are a typical Mexican dish made of a folded corn tortilla which has first been fried in oil and then bathed in a tomato sauce made from tomatoes, garlic, onion, oregano, chile serrano (optional) and salt. The recipes for the tomato sauce vary by cook. The tortilla can be filled with a number of different ingredients, however the most common are chicken, beef, cheese or beans. The chicken and beef have most often been pressure cooked so that the meat is tender and can be pulled apart with the fingers. More tomato sauce is poured on top of the filled tortillas and the dish is garnished with sour cream, shredded cheese (queso fresco) and slices of white onion. Entomatadas are often served with refried beans or rice. They are somewhat similar to enchiladas, the primary difference being its tomato-based sauce, as opposed to a chili pepper sauce. See also List of Mexican dishes List of tortilla-based dishes References Mexican cuisine Tortilla-based dishes	wiki
Paneer tikka masala is an Indian dish of paneer tikka cheese served in a spiced gravy. It is a vegetarian alternative to chicken tikka masala. Gallery See also References Punjabi cuisine Indian cheese dishes	wiki
Man on Horseback is a 1634 painting painted by Gerard ter Borch. It shows a man on horseback slumped in the saddle, moving away from the viewer. It is in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Description This painting came into the collection by a 1961 purchase. It had been sold from the estate of Martha Dana Mercer. Other versions by the artist from the same period are: References External links Man on Horseback Seen From Behind in the RKD 1634 paintings Paintings by Gerard ter Borch Paintings in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Horses in art	wiki
Student financial aid (or student financial support, or student aid) is financial support given to individuals who are furthering their education. Student financial aid can come in a number of forms, including scholarships, grants, student loans, and work study programs. Each of these methods of providing financial support to students has its advantages and drawbacks. Many countries have some kind of financial aid program for their students. In countries that provide education to all at nominal cost, financial aid may have only a tertiary link to educational status, instead tied to the economic conditions of the family, and financial support for students is primarily indirect. In Belgium, for example, "[t]here is no system of student loans and direct support is only given in the form of means-tested grants to students from low-income families", which constitutes a very limited proportion of students. Specific examples Student financial aid in Canada Student financial aid in Finland Student financial aid in Germany Student financial aid in Sweden Student loans and grants in the United Kingdom Student financial aid in the United States References Higher education	wiki
Kabinett Matsukata steht für folgende Regierungen Japans: Kabinett Matsukata I (1891 bis 1892) Kabinett Matsukata II (1896 bis 1898)	wiki
Geogamasus brevisetosus is a species of mite in the family Ologamasidae. References Ologamasidae Articles created by Qbugbot Animals described in 1997	wiki
Misdirection may refer to: Misdirection (magic), a technique used when performing magic tricks Misdirection, a technique used for the purpose of pickpocketing Misdirection (pickleball), a deceptive strategy when hitting the ball Counter trey, a technique used in American Football Feint, a technique used in strategy games and warfare Limited hangout, a technique used by the intelligence services Psychobabble and technobabble, techniques used in fast talk	wiki
Elisabeth Skogen is a former Norwegian curler. She is a . Teams References External links Living people Norwegian female curlers Norwegian curling champions Year of birth missing (living people)	wiki
Section 5 may refer to: Section 5 of the Indian Limitation Act Section 5 of the Public Order Act 1986, in England and Wales Section 5 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 5 of the Constitution of Australia Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act, in the United States Section 5, a football hooligan firm See also Military Intelligence, Section 5 or MI5, British domestic intelligence agency	wiki
A curb chain, or curb strap, is a piece of horse tack required for proper use on any type of curb bit. It is a flat linked chain or flat strap that runs under the chin groove of the horse, between the bit shank's purchase arms. It has a buckle or hook attachment and English designs have a "fly link" in the middle to hold a lip strap. On English bridles the horse is bridled with the curb chain undone on one side, then connected once on the horse. On western bridles, the curb chain is kept buckled to both sides of the bit. Action The main use of the curb chain is to enhance and control the lever action of a curb bit. Additionally, it helps to keep the bit steady and in place within the mouth. On English pelham and double bridles the curb chin is attached by a ring ("fly link" (UK)) to a lip strap, which helps keep the lip strap in place while the lip strap in turn prevents the curb chain from being lost if it becomes unhooked. The curb chain applies pressure to the curb groove under a horse's chin when the curb rein of the bit is used. When the curb rein is pulled, the shank of the bit rotates back towards the chest of the horse and the cheek (upper shank) of the bit rotates forward (since it is a lever arm). The curb chain is attached to the rings at the end of the cheek, so, as the cheek moves forward, the chain is pulled and tightened in the curb groove. Once it comes in contact with the curb groove of the horse it acts as a fulcrum, causing the cannons of the bit mouthpiece to push down onto the horse's bars, thus amplifying the bit's pressure on the bars of the horse's mouth. Adjustment The tightness of the curb chain has a great effect on the action of the bit. If used with no or a loose curb chain, it allows the shanks to rotate more before the curb chain is tight enough to act as a fulcrum and exert pressure. This extra rotation can warn the horse before pressure is exerted on his mouth, so he may respond beforehand. Conversely, a very loose curb chain can be undesirable, allowing the bit to rotate in the mouth too much, causing the port, especially a high port, to become too vertical and press against the palate, which is painful, can damage the mouth in extreme cases, and can cause the horse to gape. Additionally, it can completely nullify the correct action of the curb, making its use pointless. There are two undesirable consequences when using a very tight curb chain. First, the bit immediately exerts curb pressure and increased pressure on the bars as soon as pressure is applied to the reins. Therefore, a tight curb chain is much harsher, and provides less finesse in signaling the horse than a looser curb chain would, as the horse is never given a chance to respond before the curb chain engages. Secondly, an extremely tight curb chain causes the mouthpiece to constantly push down on the sensitive tongue, never allowing the horse relief. A curb chain is generally adjusted so it comes into action when the shank rotates 45 degrees back. However, skilled riders with experience with the curb bit may adjust the chain tighter to accommodate the needs of the individual horse, type of equipment, and training situation. However, keeping the curb chain looser allows more accommodation for rider error. The curb chain should be applied by twisting it clockwise on one hook until it is flat, and then attaching it to the other hook. A twisted curb chain is far harsher in its effect than a flat one. Differences in chains Curb chains vary in width and linkage. Thinner curb chains are more severe, ones that are too thin are banned in competition, and any curb chain could cause sores if the chain is not adjusted properly and used with discretion. For horses that are sensitive or that are rubbed by the chain, a cover made of rubber, neoprene, leather, or gel can be used, or a leather curb strap. However, it is important that the rider check that the curb is being used correctly and is not the cause of the rubs. References Price, Steven D., ed.The Whole Horse Catalogue. New York: Simon and Schuster/Brigadore Press, 1977 Bit accessories	wiki
Aloo mutter (also spelled aloo mattar or aloo matar or alu) is a vegetarian North Indian dish from the Indian subcontinent which is made from potatoes (Aloo) and peas (mattar) in a mildly spiced creamy tomato based gravy. It is a vegetarian dish. The gravy base is generally cooked with garlic, ginger, onion, tomatoes, cilantro (coriander), cumin seeds, red chilli, turmeric, garam masala, and many other spices. It can also be made without onion or garlic. Aloo mutter is also available commercially in ready-to-eat packets, which need to be heated and served. It is also used as a filling in some variations of dosa. It is served in most North Indian restaurants and is one of the most iconic dishes of North Indian cuisine featured in the West. See also Aloo gobi Keema Matar List of legume dishes References Punjabi cuisine Indian legume dishes Pakistani legume dishes	wiki
Sainte-Marguerite River may refer to: Sainte-Marguerite River (Saguenay), a tributary of the Saguenay River Sainte-Marguerite River (Sept-Îles), a tributary of the Saint Lawrence, damned by the Denis-Perron dam	wiki
Gleaner(Noun)- A highly resourceful individual that utilizes crops and resources left behind by people who squander them. Newspapers Gleaner Company, a newspaper publishing enterprise in Jamaica The Daily Gleaner, a daily newspaper serving Fredericton, New Brunswick and the upper Saint John River Valley Henderson Gleaner, a daily newspaper in Henderson, Kentucky Alamance Gleaner, a newspaper which was based in Alamance County, North Carolina Northeast News Gleaner, a weekly newspaper that served Northeast Philadelphia Other uses Gleaners, a non-profit that helps feed the homeless in Jackson, Mississippi The Gleaners, a painting by Jean-François Millet Gleaner Manufacturing Company, a manufacturer of combine harvesters Gleaner A85, a combine harvester Gleaner E, a combine harvester HMS Gleaner (1809), a mercantile ketch HMS Gleaner (J83), a survey vessel launched in 1937 and converted into a minesweeper in 1939 HMSML Gleaner (H86), a survey motor launch in commission since 1983 The Gleaners (album) by Larry Grenadier See also Glean (disambiguation) Gleaner Heights, in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica HMS Gleaner, a list of ships of the British Royal Navy The Gleaners and I, a French documentary film	wiki
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare steht für: Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare, Videospiel aus dem Jahr 2007 Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2, Videospiel aus dem Jahr 2009 Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3, Videospiel aus dem Jahr 2011 Call of Duty: Modern Warfare Remastered, Neuauflage von Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare aus dem Jahr 2016 Call of Duty: Modern Warfare (2019), Videospiel aus dem Jahr 2019 Call of Duty: Modern Warfare II, Videospiel aus dem Jahr 2022	wiki
A Cash receipts journal is a specialized accounting journal and it is referred to as the main entry book used in an accounting system to keep track of the sales of items when cash is received, by crediting sales and debiting cash and transactions related to receipts. Sales on account are booked instead in the sales journal. Cash receipts journal is considered as the separate part of Cash account/cash book as it records the cash inflow of the business. The source document of this prime entry book is Receipt. A general structure of the Cash receipts journal References Accounting journals and ledgers	wiki
Although many entries in this List of waste management companies are Multinational corporations, the associated country listing is by location of Management HQ. Companies See also LAWDC contains list of UK local authority waste disposal companies Waste companies Waste management	wiki
Campeon (NOM: 1107, DOT: 94) is a tequila produced from Blue Agave grown in the Eastern Highlands of Jalisco in Mexico. Campeon has received several medals in the 2011 San Francisco World Spirits Competition. Production According to their claim Campeon Tequila only distilled twice "to achieve ... maximum flavor and intensity" Products Campeon Silver Campeon Reposado Campeon Anejo Awards 2011 Bronze Medal for Campeon Reposado tequila 2011 Silver Medal for Campeon Silver tequila 2011 Gold Medal for Campeon Anejo tequila References Tequila Drink companies of Mexico	wiki
Brad Jones Bradley Jones (snookerzysta)	wiki
Vitamin D deficiency has become a worldwide health epidemic with clinical rates on the rise. In the years of 2011–12, it was estimated that around 4 million adults were considered deficient in Vitamin D throughout Australia. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) found 23%, or one in four Australian adults suffer from some form of Vitamin D deficiency. Outlined throughout the article are the causes of increase through subgroups populations, influencing factors and strategies in place to control deficiency rates throughout Australia. Background Importance of vitamin D Vitamin D plays an important role in which it supports calcium absorption in the body, sustaining good bone health as well as muscle function. When calcium in the body becomes under provided for normal bodily functions, calcitriol, an active form of Vitamin D, pairs with parathyroid hormone. Together they act to assemble cells in order to increase the calcium stores taken from bone. The popular term Sunshine vitamin, as it is often called, is one of the one main sources of achieving sufficient Vitamin D through sunlight on the skin known as D3. The second form is commonly known as D2, which is found in foods such as fatty fish and fortified products like margarine and fortified milk. Additionally, if you consume vitamin D through your diet, or make vitamin D in your skin from UVB exposure, it is processed through two organs before it becomes activated. Vitamin D is first processed in the liver, before heading to the kidneys where it becomes activated to the form 1-25 dihydroxy vitamin D or alternatively named chemical calcitriol. Vitamin D deficiency Vitamin D deficiency historically used to be identified through counting cases of rickets. The old theory was that if someone had enough vitamin D to prevent rickets and osteomalacia, two skeletal disorders, they were considered safe from a deficiency. Nowadays through technological advancements Vitamin D deficiencies are now identified and thus calculated through the measurement of the serum 25-OH. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics National Health Measures Survey (NHMS), the recommend Vitamin D levels to determine deficiency are categorised as follows: •Adequate levels: > 50 nmol/L •Mild deficiency: 30-49 nmol/L •Moderate deficiency: 13 – 29nmol/L •Severe deficiency: < 13 nmol/L In 1997, the prevalence of deficiency, defined as <17.5 nmol/L, was 2.8%, and the prevalence of insufficiency, defined as <37.5 nmol/L, was 27.6% among Australians over the age of 15. In 2011-2012 23% of Adults had a deficiency defined as below 49 nmol/L. Health effects This fundamental fat-soluble vitamin has been long known for its important role in calcium absorption in the body, especially in musculoskeletal health. The health impacts commonly caused by deficiency of Vitamin D are rickets in children and osteoporosis in the elderly populations. Low levels of Vitamin D have also been associated with other conditions such as heart disease, cancer and kidney disease but further research is required. Recent evidence suggests Vitamin D is also linked to many other health diseases such as cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis and some form of cancer. Rickets Rickets can be traced back to the 1600s, where a pandemic arose with children around the globe from Vitamin D deficiency. The inadequate intake of UV exposure consequently lead children to numerous health problems such as, growth retardation, muscle weakness, skeletal deformities, hypocalcemia, tetany and seizures. During the late 19th century autopsies conducted in the Netherlands concluded that 80-90% of children were suffering from Rickets. The incidents of rickets observed within Sydney hospitals during the years of 2003 – 2004 have doubled. This major spike can be attributed to the growing population of migrants in Australia, many of whom are considered high risk of vitamin D deficiency. As shown in the image the skeletal deformities such as knock knees and bow legs in these young children as a result of rickets. Osteoporosis Because of the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, conditions such as osteoporosis alongside Australia's aging population have now seen many Australians over 60 suffering this now wide spread condition among the elderly. Osteoporosis can be defined as very fragile and brittle bones, in which serious fractures can occur with just the slightest bump or fall. Osteoporosis Australia have predicted that half of all women and one third of men all men over the age of 60 years will suffer the debilitating effects of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis also commonly known as the silent disease as in most cases individuals don't know they are affected until they fracture a bone as a result from a fall. High risk groups Age Several studies conducted in Australia have revealed a deficiency ranging from 15-52% amongst the senior population. These deficiencies have been found to be higher amongst those who are home bound or living within institutions with less access to sun exposure. Vitamin D concentration levels below 28 nmol/L are common amongst the studies conducted. Throughout Sydney nursing home studies, it has been revealed that 86% of woman and 68% of men are falling into the moderate deficiency range. In a study based in Western Australia, 63% of patients admitted with hip fractures were observed to have serum levels less than 50 nmol/L compared to 25% in the control group. Skin colour In Australia, vitamin D deficiency has been recognised within particular subgroups such as aged, dark skinned and veiled women. There is deficiencies in around 80%, particularly in dark skinned and or veiled populations. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency amongst those with dark skin, or those who cover their skin for religious reasons, can be directly attributed to extremely low sun exposure, which is the main source of vitamin D in Australia. Veiled women or individuals with dark skin pigmentation are vulnerable to a fall in vitamin D levels considered deficient in Australia. This is most likely because the clothing worn acts as a direct barrier to, or absorbs the UVB irradiation. Dark Skin has high levels of melanin pigmentation which decreases the cutaneous production of vitamin D. Compared with those of European descent, African-Americans require six times more UVB dosage to stimulate the same production of vitamin D in the skin. Sun exposure Despite Australia having a sunny climate, Australians are falling short of adequate levels of ultraviolet B (UVB) light from the sun. Associated factors contributing to the low vitamin D levels are seasonal variations such as winter, when there is minimal sunlight, less time spent outdoors, and people cover up due to cold weather. Environmental factors that impact vitamin D production are the elevation of the sun above the horizon and amount of cloud cover. To ensure adequate vitamin D levels are reached, an average daily exposure, roughly 10% of the sunburn threshold is required on a significant area of skin, not just on the back of the hands. A burn time for a fair-skinned person could be limited to just 8 minutes in the middle of the day, during summer without sunscreens. A dark skinned person may need 45 minutes, while a covered individual might need several hours to achieve that same required exposure. The strength of the UVB changes throughout the day, so exposure time will need to change accordingly. Obesity There is conflicting evidence to suggest whether obesity contributes to vitamin D deficiency. Obese individuals have an increased risk of being vitamin D deficient likely caused by lack of sun exposure from reduced mobility and or low levels of physical activity. The serum levels of obese Australian were 8.3- 9.5 nmol/L lower in both genders comparable to those of healthy weight ranges. During the AusDiab study conducted throughout Australia serum levels within obese people were shown to be 57% lower than with normal weight after receiving the same amount of UV exposure. Inconsistent to the findings of AusDiab Study, The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) found there to be no correlation between weight levels and vitamin D serum level. According to ABS the Vitamin D supplementation was said to not be a contributing factor as supplement use was similar across all weight ranges. Pregnancy Pregnancy also poses as another high risk factor for vitamin D deficiency. The status levels of vitamin D during the last stages of pregnancy directly impact the newborns first initial months of life. Babies who are exclusively breastfed with minimal exposure to sunlight or supplementation can be at greater risk of vitamin D deficiency, as human milk often has minimal vitamin D present. Recommendations for infants of the age 0–12 months are set at 5 ug/day, to assist in preventing rickets in young babies. 80% of dark skinned and or veiled women in Melbourne were found to have serum levels lower than 22.5 nmol/L considering them to be within moderate ranges of vitamin D deficiency. Contributing factors Australia's vitamin D deficiency levels in recent years have been on the increase, due to factors such as the long-term success of SunSmart government campaigns like Slip, Slop, Slap as well as Cancer Council Australia that have increased the general public's awareness of the risks associated with excessive sun exposure and skin cancers. The 'sun smart' campaign created in 1988 had a significant impact on the public approach and behaviours towards sun exposure. The success of this campaign reduced the sunburn rate by 50%, which researchers believe to have contributed to the rise in vitamin D deficiencies across Australia. In addition to the reduced sun exposure amongst the Australia populations, there have been decreases in the form of dietary intake as many people are no longer taking fatty fish oil tablets as a method of regulating vitamin D. Other factors previously mentioned are sun exposure, geographical longitude as well as season change. Greater latitudes receive sunlight that is of lesser ultra radiation strength in contrast to regions close to the equator, who receive lower variation to hours of daylight during the summer periods. Government strategies Mandatory fortification In light of the increase of vitamin D deficiency throughout Australia the federal government introduced mandatory fortification of vitamins and minerals such as vitamin D in certain foods like edible oil spreads as indicated in the: Australian Standard 2.4.2. It is mandatory for all food manufacturing companies producing table spreads like spreadable butter and margarine to have no less than 55 mg/kg of vitamin D, as a response to a growing public health requirements. In response to recent advances, public policies are being reconsidered to ensure vitamin D is evidently being measured. With the vitamin D deficiency resurfacing the nutrient reference value guidelines were established, in turn creating the dietary vitamin D recommendations. The dietary vitamin D guidelines are assuming limited exposure to UVB sunlight are: Infants, Children and Adults < 50 years: 5 μg/day (200 IU/day) Adults > 50 - < 70 years: 10 μg/day (400 IU/day) Adults > 70 years: 15 μg/day (600 IU/day) Treatment Day to day requirements of vitamin D are set around 800-1000IU to maintain healthy levels which in most cases can be provided by sun exposure. Increased amounts are required for individuals who are previously diagnosed as deficient. For those of moderate deficiencies, oral supplementation can be implemented into the diet at levels of 3000-5000 IU per day for a 6- to 12-week period continued by an ongoing reduced dose of 1000- 2000 IU per day to maintain stores in the body. Severe deficiency is treated through megadose therapy where patients are given doses around 100 000 IU to assist in raising stores faster to ensure physical health in restored to prevent further illness or disease. See also Vitamin D deficiency Vitamin D Sun exposure References Health in Australia Vitamin deficiencies	wiki
A snaffle bit is the most common type of bit used while riding horses. It consists of a bit mouthpiece with a ring on each side and acts with direct pressure. A bridle utilizing only a snaffle bit is often called a "snaffle bridle", particularly in the English riding disciplines. A bridle that carries two bits, a curb bit and a snaffle, or "bradoon", is called a double bridle. A snaffle is not necessarily a bit with a jointed bit mouthpiece, as is often thought. A bit is a snaffle because it creates direct pressure without leverage on the mouth. It is a bit without a shank. Therefore, a single- or double-jointed mouthpiece, though the most common designs for snaffle bits, does not make a bit a snaffle. Even a mullen mouth (a solid, slightly curved bar) or a bar bit is a snaffle. Action The snaffle bit works on several parts of the horse's mouth; the mouthpiece of the bit acts on the tongue and bars, the lips of the horse also feel pressure from both the mouthpiece and the rings. The rings also serve to act on the side of the mouth, and, depending on design, the sides of the jawbone. A snaffle is sometimes mistakenly thought of as "any mild bit". While direct pressure without leverage is milder than pressure with leverage, nonetheless, certain types of snaffle bits can be extremely harsh when manufactured with wire, twisted metal or other "sharp" elements. A thin or rough-surfaced snaffle, used harshly, can damage a horse's mouth. Curb chains or straps have no effect on a true snaffle because there is no leverage to act upon. English riders do not add any type of curb strap or curb chain to a snaffle bit. While some riders in western disciplines do add a curb strap to the rings, it is merely a "hobble" for the rings, has no leverage effect and is there only as a safety feature to prevent the rings from being pulled through the mouth of the horse, should the animal gape open its mouth in an attempt to avoid the bit, an outcome prevented in an English bridle by the presence of a cavesson noseband. Difference from a curb The snaffle differs from the pelham bit, the curb bit, and the kimberwicke in that it is a non-leverage bit, and so does not amplify the pressure applied by the reins. With a snaffle, one ounce of pressure applied by the reins to a snaffle mouthpiece will apply one ounce of pressure on the mouth. With a curb, one ounce of pressure on the reins will apply more – sometimes far more – than one ounce of pressure on the horse's mouth. There are many riders (and a remarkable number of tack shops) who do not know the true definition of a snaffle: a bit that is non-leverage. This often results in a rider purchasing a jointed mouthpiece bit with shanks, because it is labeled a "snaffle," and believing that it is soft and kind because of the connotation the snaffle name has with being mild. In truth, the rider actually bought a curb bit with a jointed mouthpiece, which actually is a fairly severe bit due to the combination of a nutcracker effect on the jaw and leverage from the shanks. A true snaffle does not have a shank like a pelham or curb bit. Although the kimberwicke appears to have a D-shaped bit ring like a snaffle, the bit mouthpiece is not centered on the ring, and thus applying the reins creates leverage; in the Uxeter kimberwicke, there are slots for the reins placed within the bit ring, which allows the reins to create additional leverage. Both are used with a curb chain, thus the ring acts like a bit shank and creates a slight amount of leverage, making it a type of curb bit. A true snaffle also will not be able to slide up and down the rings of the bit or cheekpieces of the bridle, as this would place it in the gag bit category. The mouthpiece The mouthpiece is the more important part of a snaffle, as it controls the severity of the bit. Thinner mouthpieces are more severe, as are those that are rougher. Jointed mouthpiece: applies pressure to the tongue, lips, and bars with a "nutcracker" action. This is the most common mouthpiece found on a snaffle. Mullen mouth: made of hard rubber or a half-moon of metal, it places even pressure on the mouthpiece, lips, and bars. It is a very mild mouthpiece. French mouth: a double-jointed mouthpiece with a bone-shaped link in the middle. It reduces the nutcracker action and encourages the horse to relax. Very mild. Dr. Bristol: a double-jointed mouthpiece with a thin rectangular link in the middle that is set at an angle, creating a pressure point. It is a fairly severe bit. The French link is similar but much gentler because the link in the middle is flat against the tongue, lips, and bar and has no pressure points. Neither the Dr. Bristol nor the French Link nutcracker, but their severity is totally opposite. Slow twist: a single-jointed mouthpiece with a slight twist in it. Stronger and more severe. Corkscrew: Many small edges amplifies the pressure on the mouth. Severe. Single- and double-twisted wire: two of the most severe mouthpieces, as they are not only thin, but they also have a "nutcracker" action from the single joint and the mouthpiece concentrates pressure due to its severe twisting. Roller mouthpieces: tend to make horses relax their mouth and activate the tongue, encouraging salivation and acceptance of the bit. This may also focus tense or nervous horses to the bit. Hollow mouth: usually single-jointed with a thick, hollow mouthpiece which spreads out the pressure and makes the bit less severe. May not fit comfortably in some horses' mouths if they are a little small. The snaffle rings There are several types of rings that affect the action of the bit. Loose ring: slides through the mouthpiece. Tends to make the horse relax his jaw and chew the bit. May pinch the corners of the horse's mouth if the holes in the mouthpiece are large, in which case a bit guard should be used. Egg butt/barrel head: mouthpiece does not rotate, and is so more fixed in the horse's mouth, which some horses prefer. Will not pinch the lips. Dee-ring/ racing snaffle: ring in the shape of a "D" which does not allow the bit to rotate and so the bit is more fixed. The sides of the D provide a lateral guiding effect. Full cheek: has long, extended arms above and below the mouthpiece on either side of the lips of the horse, with a ring attached to it. The cheeks have a lateral guiding effect, and also prevent the bit from sliding through the mouth. The full cheek is often used with bit keepers to prevent the cheeks from getting caught on anything, and to keep the bit in the right position inside the mouth. Half-cheek: has only an upper or, more commonly, lower cheek, as opposed to both seen in a full cheek snaffle. Often used in racing, as there is less chance of the cheek being caught on the starting gate, or in driving as there is less chance of getting caught on harness straps. Baucher (hanging cheek): has a ring on the side of the mouthpiece, with a smaller ring above to attach the cheekpiece of the bridle. Tends to concentrate pressure on the bars. It is very fixed in the mouth. Fulmer: a full cheek bit with a loose ring attached, so that it not only has the lateral guiding effect, but can also move freely as with a loose ring. Fitting The most important thing to remember when fitting a bit is that no two horses are completely alike. What is preferred by one, may cause severe problems in another. It is therefore the rider's duty to find a bit that not only suits the horse (both mouthpiece and ring), but one that fits correctly. The three main criteria in fitting the snaffle are the height the bit is raised in the mouth (adjusted by the cheekpieces), the width of the bit (from where the mouthpiece hits one ring, to where it hits the other), and the thickness of the mouthpiece. Height Theories as to fitting the snaffle vary between horse owners, but the most common theory of fitting the snaffle is to adjust it so that it creates one or two wrinkles in the lips at the corner of the horse's mouth. The best way to determine how high a snaffle should be is to begin with the bit just touching the corners of the horse's mouth, forming one wrinkle. If the rider holds the cheekpieces of the bridle and moves them up, there should remain enough give in the bridle to raise the bit in the horses mouth, however, there should not be excessive slack in the cheekpieces when this is done. The horse should keep its mouth closed over a properly-fitted bit (slight chewing is acceptable and a sign of relaxation) and hold its head quietly. A bit may need to be adjusted either higher or lower until the horse shows no signs of discomfort. The height of the bit in the horse's mouth has little significant impact on its severity. Some riders mistakenly think that raising or lowering the bit increases its effect, but this is not correct. The bit is most effective when properly adjusted. Improper adjustment only causes discomfort, not increased control. Factors that affect the fit of the bit include both the length of the mouth overall, the length of the interdental space between the incisors and the molars where the bit rests on the bars (gums) of the horse's mouth, the thickness of the horse's tongue and the height of the mouth from tongue to palate. There is less room for error with a horse who has a short mouth, thick tongue and a low palate than with a horse who has a longer mouth, thinner tongue and a higher palate. One of the important criteria when fitting the snaffle is that it does not hit the horse's teeth. The greater concern is that the bit not be so high as to constantly rub on the molars, which can cause considerable discomfort to the horse. A bit adjusted too low usually will not come anywhere near the incisors, even on a short-mouthed horse, until the entire bridle is at risk of falling off. If the bit is adjusted too low (not touching the corner of the mouth), it is primarily a safety concern, though the action of the bit can also be altered and lead to discomfort. A horse can get its tongue over a too-low bit and thus evade its pressure, plus the action of the bit is altered and it will not act on the mouth as it was designed. Horses with a bit too low will often open their mouths to evade pressure and may chew on it excessively. In extreme cases, the bridle could even fall off if the rider pulls hard on the reins, hence raising the bit and loosening the cheekpieces, at the same time the horse rubs, tosses or shakes its head vigorously. Many horses will "carry" a too-low bit themselves, using their tongue to hold it in the proper place. Some trainers, especially in western riding disciplines, consider this desirable and adjust a bridle a bit low to encourage this behavior. Other trainers, especially in English riding disciplines, prefer to hang the bit a little higher so it is in the correct position without need for the horse to move it there. If the bit is too high (depending on the horse, at three or more wrinkles in the lips), it will irritate the lips, leading to callousing and a loss of sensitivity over time. However, the more immediate consequence is that the horse feels constant bit pressure and cannot get any release, even if the rider loosens the reins. This leads to the horse becoming tense in the jaw and resisting the bit. Most of all, if a too-high bit rubs on the molars, this discomfort will cause the horse to toss its head and otherwise express its displeasure at the situation, leading to a poor performance. If the horse tosses its head or attempts to evade contact with a bit, improper fit is usually the cause, but other factors should be considered. A rider needs to verify with a veterinarian that the horse does not have a dental problem. Then bit fit and the type of bit needs to be considered. But finally, the skills of the rider may be a factor. Even the gentlest bit properly adjusted may still cause discomfort to a horse in the hands of a poor rider. Width The snaffle should generally be no more than inch wider than the horse's mouth. A horse's mouth can be measured by placing a wooden dowel or a piece of string into the mouth where the bit will go and marking it at the edges of the horse's lips. A bit that is too narrow can cause pinching (which may be very severe in a loose ring), and the pinching may lead to behavior problems when the horse experiences the discomfort. A pinching bit will also cause callousing on the lips. The lesser sin is a bit that is too wide, which does not pinch the lips, but does not allow for effective communication between horse and rider. The nutcracker effect of a jointed snaffle presents a fit issue as well; the joint of a too-wide mouthpiece will hit the roof of the horse's mouth when the reins are tightened. Mouthpiece diameter Competition rules require bits to have a minimum diameter, but have no upper limits on thickness. Many horsepeople believe that a fatter mouthpiece is always a milder mouthpiece, because thin mouthpieces localize the pressure on the bars of the mouth. However, the horse's mouth is filled almost completely by his tongue. Therefore, many horses (especially those with large, fleshy tongues) prefer an average diameter mouthpiece, which provides slightly more space in an already cramped mouth. Additionally, thicker mouthpieces do not give a great deal of extra bearing surface, and so generally do not help as much as many riders believe. To make a bit milder, it can be wrapped with rubber or made of a softer plastic material instead of metal. However, mouthpieces that are extremely thin, such as wire mouthpieces or those that are only –" in thickness, are never mild. These can be damaging to a horse's mouth. See also Bridle Horse tack National Snaffle Bit Association National Snaffle Bit Association Hall of Fame Citations Edwards Complete Book of Bits and Bitting pp. 52–54 Kapitzke Bit and Reins p. 79 Edwards Complete Book of Bits and Bitting p. 55 Edwards Complete Book of Bits and Bitting p. 68 Edwards Complete Book of Bits and Bitting p. 57 Edwards Complete Book of Bits and Bitting p. 58 Kapitzke Bit and Reins p. 95 References Dr. Hilary Clayton Offers Many Prescriptions For Bits A fluoroscopic study of the position and action of the jointed snaffle bit in the horse's mouth Bits (horse) de:Trense ru:Трензель fi:Kuolain	wiki
Home garden or homegarden may refer to: The yard areas surrounding a house: Residential garden Back garden Front garden Forest garden Pekarangan, an Indonesian form of forest-gardening in yards Places Home Garden, California Home Gardens, California See also Home & Garden (disambiguation)	wiki
"Party All the Time" is a song by comedian and actor Eddie Murphy, written and produced by Rick James. It was the lead single from Murphy's 1985 debut musical album How Could It Be. It reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks, behind "Say You, Say Me" by Lionel Richie. Production Murphy stated that the song was made in response to a $100,000 bet made between himself and actor/comedian Richard Pryor, wagering on whether Murphy had singing talent or not. The single was recorded at Rick James's home studio in Buffalo, New York. In addition to his duties as the song's writer and producer, James also provided backup vocals. Reception A reader in the Los Angeles Times, Barbara Bryson, criticized the song, characterizing it as "Gumby goes disco" (referring to the character parodied by Murphy on Saturday Night Live). The publication also placed the song at number one on "The Video Bottom 10" list. Meanwhile, critic Scott Benarde in the Ft. Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel awarded the song his worst single for 1985, calling it a "catchy uptempo dance number" but asserting that "Murphy adds nothing but his ego to it. His voice is paper thin and buried in the mix. Anyone could have sung that tune the way it was produced. Murphy should stick to imitating Gumby." The song's music video won best urban contemporary video award at the American Video Awards in November 1985. Personnel Eddie Murphy – lead vocal Rick James – drums, percussion, backing vocals, production Kenny Hawkins – guitar Greg Levias – keyboards Levi Ruffin – keyboards, backing vocals LaMorris Payne – backing vocals Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications Remixes and covers In 2006, house DJ and producer Sharam Tayebi of Deep Dish released a remix of the song, known simply as "PATT" (an acronym for "Party All the Time"), which peaked at No. 8 on the UK Singles Chart on December 30, 2006 and at No. 4 on the Polish Airplay Chart in early 2007. The song also peaked at number 87 on the Australian ARIA Charts. Finnish band Children of Bodom covered the song in 2011, as a bonus track on the Japanese edition of their album Relentless Reckless Forever. In 2014, Gwyneth Paltrow covered the song in the Glee season 5 episode "New Directions". Finnish stoner rock band Mangoo also covered the song on their 2017 album The Heat. Guitarist Eric Calderone covered the song in 2022 on his YouTube channel. References 1985 singles Eddie Murphy songs Songs written by Rick James 1985 songs Columbia Records singles Song recordings produced by Rick James American funk songs American synth-pop songs	wiki
O C21 é o modelo da Sauber da temporada de da F1. Condutores: Nick Heidfeld, Felipe Massa e Heinz-Harald Frentzen. Resultados (legenda) Carros de Fórmula 1 da Sauber	wiki
Port Royal Bay is located in the western end of Horseshoe Bay in Bermuda. References Bays of Bermuda Southampton Parish, Bermuda	wiki
Redonkadonk is a grilled burger with ham, bacon, cheese, egg and Spam inside two grilled cheese sandwiches made with extra-thick Texas Toast style bread. It was served by Portland, Oregon's Brunch Box food cart and restaurants. Brunch Box operated in Portland for 12 years, first as a food cart in downtown Portland and then two additional brick and mortar locations in the city; the business permanently closed in September 2021. It has been identified as one of the fattiest foods in the U.S. by Health.com The sandwich is featured on the Cooking Channel's Eat St. show in its second episode. The Cooking Channel includes the recipe on its website. The Redonkadonk competed on Portland's food truck and food cart scene against the Big-A Sandwich's Gutbomb: "a basic Big-A with double the meat, double the cheese and the girth of a fishbowl", as well as the Original Cheesus from the Grilled Cheese Grill: a Colby Jack and grilled onion grilled cheese sandwich and an American cheese grilled cheese sandwich with pickles encasing a one-third pound burger with lettuce, tomato, ketchup and mustard. See also List of sandwiches References Culture of Portland, Oregon Sandwiches	wiki
Carriera Con la ha disputato le Universiadi di Gwangju 2015. Altri progetti Collegamenti esterni	wiki
Nepal–Sri Lanka relations refers to foreign relations between Nepal and Sri Lanka. Nepal–Sri Lanka relations were officially established on 1 July 1957. References Sri Lanka Nepal	wiki
NCAA Cross Country Championship may refer to several annual competitions in cross country running organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association: NCAA Men's Division I Cross Country Championship NCAA Men's Division II Cross Country Championship NCAA Men's Division III Cross Country Championship NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship NCAA Women's Division II Cross Country Championship NCAA Women's Division III Cross Country Championship	wiki
Ikoma (stad), stad in Japan Ikoma (district), district in Japan Ikoma (kruiser), Japanse kruiser in de Tweede Wereldoorlog	wiki
Cofield may refer to: Barry Cofield, American football player Bill Cofield, American college basketball coach Takoby Cofield (born 1992), Canadian football player Cofield, North Carolina	wiki
Islington station is an MBTA Commuter Rail station in Westwood, Massachusetts. Located in the Islington neighborhood, it serves the Franklin Line. It was formerly the junction between the Norfolk County Railroad's original main line to Dedham (later abandoned) and the Midland Railroad's line to Boston via Readville station. Islington station has low-level platforms and is not accessible. References External links MBTA - Islington MBTA Commuter Rail stations in Norfolk County, Massachusetts Stations along New York and New England Railroad lines	wiki
Doodhpak is an Indian sweet, a kind of rice pudding made from milk, sugar, rice, saffron and nuts, accompanied by pooris. The milk is slow-boiled to thickened and sweetened and the dish is garnished with chopped dry fruits/nuts. Doodhpak originates from Gujarat. See also Kheer References Gujarati cuisine Indian desserts Rice pudding	wiki
Lampona is a genus of South Pacific spiders in the family Lamponidae that was first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1869. At least two species have a whitish tip to the abdomen and are known as "white-tailed spiders". Both hunt other spiders and have been introduced to New Zealand. The name is derived from the Middle English laumpe, meaning "light" or "fire". Species it contains fifty-seven species native to Australia and New Guinea: L. airlie Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland) L. allyn Platnick, 2000 – Australia (New South Wales) L. ampeinna Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Western Australia, central Australia) L. barrow Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Western Australia) L. braemar Platnick, 2000 – Eastern Australia, Tasmania L. brevipes L. Koch, 1872 – Australia (Western Australia) L. bunya Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland) L. carlisle Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland) L. chalmers Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland) L. chinghee Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland, New South Wales) L. cohuna Platnick, 2000 – Australia (South Australia, Victoria) L. cudgen Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria) L. cumberland Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Victoria) L. cylindrata (L. Koch, 1866) (type) – Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand L. danggali Platnick, 2000 – Central, Eastern Australia L. davies Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland) L. dwellingup Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Western Australia) L. eba Platnick, 2000 – Australia (South Australia) L. ewens Platnick, 2000 – Australia (South Australia, Tasmania) L. fife Platnick, 2000 – Australia (New South Wales, Victoria) L. finke Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Northern Territory, South Australia) L. finnigan Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland) L. flavipes L. Koch, 1872 – Central, Eastern Australia L. foliifera Simon, 1908 – Australia (Western Australia, central Australia) L. garnet Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland) L. gilles Platnick, 2000 – Australia (South Australia) L. gosford Platnick, 2000 – Australia (New South Wales, Victoria) L. hickmani Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Tasmania) L. hirsti Platnick, 2000 – Australia (South Australia) L. kapalga Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland) L. kirrama Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland) L. lamington Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland) L. lomond Platnick, 2000 – Southeastern Australia, Tasmania L. macilenta L. Koch, 1873 – Southern Australia L. mildura Platnick, 2000 – Australia (New South Wales, Victoria) L. molloy Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland) L. monteithi Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland) L. moorilyanna Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland, South Australia) L. murina L. Koch, 1873 – Eastern Australia, New Zealand L. olga Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Northern Territory) L. ooldea Platnick, 2000 – Australia (South Australia, Victoria) L. papua Platnick, 2000 – New Guinea L. punctigera Simon, 1908 – Southern Australia L. pusilla L. Koch, 1873 – Eastern Australia L. quinqueplagiata Simon, 1908 – Australia (Western Australia) L. ruida L. Koch, 1873 – Eastern Australia, Tasmania L. russell Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland) L. spec Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland) L. superbus Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland) L. talbingo Platnick, 2000 – Southeastern Australia L. taroom Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland) L. terrors Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland) L. torbay Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Western Australia) L. tulley Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Queensland) L. walsh Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Western Australia) L. whaleback Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Western Australia) L. yanchep Platnick, 2000 – Australia (Western Australia) References Araneomorphae genera Lamponidae Spiders of Australia Spiders of New Zealand	wiki
In mathematics, a lexicographical or lexicographic product may be formed of graphs – see lexicographic product of graphs orders – see lexicographical order	wiki
Thomas Laycock (1812- ) est un neurophysiologiste anglais né à Wetherby près de York. Bibliographie Laycock T. (1839) Analytical essay on irregular and aggravated forms of hysteria. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal 52:43-86. Laycock T. (1845) On the reflex function of the brain. British and Foreign Medical Journal 19:298-311. Laycock T. (1874) On the reflex function of the brain: a correction of dates. British Medical Journal (May):705-706. Laycock T. (1876) Reflex, automatic and unconscious cerebration; a history and a criticism. The Journal of Mental Science 21:477- 498. Références Liens externes Médecin britannique du XIXe siècle Neurophysiologiste Naissance en 1812 Décès en septembre 1876	wiki
Body double may refer to: Body double, a person who substitutes in a scene for another actor such that the person's face is not shown Body Double, a 1984 American erotic thriller film co-written and directed by Brian De Palma and starring Craig Wasson, Gregg Henry, Melanie Griffith, and Deborah Shelton Body double, a 2004 novel written by Tess Gerritsen, the fourth book of the Maura Isles/Jane Rizzoli series	wiki
MedMagLabs is an Australian company that creates wound-care treatment systems for people in humanitarian emergencies using maggot therapy. History MedMagLabs was founded in 2019 at Griffith University where it was awarded government funding to create its first laboratory. Products MedMagLabs builds medical maggot laboratories inside shipping containers; their "do it yourself" designs are freely available online for anyone to replicate. The laboratories are designed to be operated by non-healthcare professionals, in countries with weak healthcare systems, specifically countries experiencing armed conflict. People MedMagLabs is led by Frank Stadler. References Health care companies of Australia	wiki
Mitigating evidence is evidence that is provided (usually by the defendant in a criminal trial) in order to try to establish the presence of mitigating circumstances. The presence of mitigating circumstances can reduce the punishment imposed for the offense. The case of the Oregon v. Guzek dealt with the issue of whether alibi evidence not introduced at trial could be introduced in the sentencing phase of a death penalty trial as mitigating evidence. References Evidence law	wiki
Bulbophyllum lasiochilum est une espèce de plante épiphyte tropicale de la famille des orchidacées. Notes et références Liens externes lasiochilum Espèce d'Orchidaceae (nom scientifique)	wiki
Photo fraud may refer to: Violation of journalism ethics and standards in the area of photojournalism: Photo manipulation Adnan Hajj photographs controversy 2006 Lebanon War photographs controversies	wiki
The klaxophone is a musical instrument created by the American composer Henry Fillmore. Made of twelve car horns, it was created for use in his march The Klaxon: March of the Automobiles, which was composed in 1929 for the 1930 Cincinnati Automobile Show. This piece featured the instrument mounted onto a table and powered by a car battery. References Aerophones Experimental musical instruments	wiki
Perceptual Attack Time (often abbreviated "PAT") is a subjective measure of the time instant at which a musical sound's rhythmic emphasis is heard. It is analogous to the perceptual centre (aka "p-centre") in speech. It is different from both the physical onset (i.e., the time at which the sound's acoustic energy first begins) and the perceptual onset (i.e., the subjective time at which a listener first notices that the sound has begun). For a very percussive sound such as a note played on a closed hi hat cymbal the perceptual attack time may be just a few milliseconds, while for a note bowed slowly on a violin the perceptual attack time may be as much as 50–100 milliseconds after the physical onset. Applications Understanding the perceptual attack time of recorded sounds is important when scheduling those sounds to be played by a computer. For example, suppose you want to play a melody on a series of notes from different instruments. If the notes' physical onsets are equally spaced, the result will probably sound a little bit unsteady or out of rhythm; to get a rhythmically correct result it's necessary to account for each sound's perceptual attack time, i.e., to schedule the notes so that their perceptual attack times, not their onsets, are spaced according to the rhythm of the melody. References Collins, N. (2006). "Investigating computational models of perceptual attack time", Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Music Perception & Cognition (ICMPC9). Gordon, J. W. (1987). The perceptual attack time of musical tones. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 82(1), 88–105. Vos, J., & Rasch, R. (1981). The perceptual onset of musical tones. Perception and Psychophysics, 29(4),323–35. Wright, M. (2008) "The Shape of an Instant: Measuring and Modeling Perceptual Attack Time with Probability Density Functions (If a Tree Falls in the Forest, When Did 57 People Hear it Make a Sound?)" Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University. Experimental psychology Rhythm and meter	wiki
Meta noise refers to inaccurate or irrelevant Metadata recorded in a computerised data repository. Meta noise may also refer to: Meta noise (Metadata tag), a Metadata tag to encapsulate or describe an audio event See also Noise (disambiguation)	wiki
A curb bit is a type of bit used for riding horses that uses lever action. It includes the pelham bit and the Weymouth curb along with the traditional "curb bit" used mainly by Western riders. Kimblewicks or "Kimberwickes" are modified curb bits, and a curb bit is used in a double bridle along with a bradoon. A curb bit is, in general, more severe than a basic snaffle bit, although there are several factors that are involved in determining a bit's severity. Liverpool bits are a type of curb bit commonly used for horses in harness. The curb bit The curb bit consists of a mouthpiece, curb chain, and a shank, with one ring on each side of the purchase arm of the shank, and one ring on the bottom of the lever arm of the shank. Pelham bits add a ring for a snaffle rein, next to the mouthpiece. Action A curb bit works on several parts of a horse's head and mouth. The bit mouthpiece acts on the bars, tongue and roof of the mouth. The shanks add leverage and place pressure on the poll via the crownpiece of the bridle, to the chin groove via the curb chain, and, especially with a "loose jaw" shank, may act on the sides of the mouth and jaw. The shank A curb bit is a leverage bit, meaning that it multiplies the pressure applied by the rider. Unlike a snaffle bit, which applies direct rein pressure from the rider's hand to the horse's mouth, the curb can amplify rein pressure several times over, depending on the length of the curb's bit shank. Shank sizes vary from the Tom Thumb (2 inches long) to more than 5 inches. The longer the bit shank, the more powerful its potential effect on the horse. For this reason, overall shank or cheek length, from the top of the cheek ring to the bottom of the rein ring, usually cannot exceed inches for most horse show disciplines. Leverage principles The relation of the upper shank (purchase)—the shank length from the mouthpiece to the cheekpiece rings—and the lower shank or lever arm—the shank length from the mouthpiece to the lowest rein ring, is important in the severity of the bit. The standard curb bit has a " purchase and a " lower shank, thus producing a 1:3 ratio of purchase to lower shank, a 1:4 ratio of purchase to full shank, thus producing 3 lbs of pressure on the chin groove and 4 lbs of pressure on the horse's mouth for every 1 lb placed on the reins (3 and 4 newtons respectively for every newton). Regardless of the ratio, the longer the shank, the less force is needed on the reins to provide a given amount of pressure on the mouth. So, if one were to apply 1 lb of pressure on the horse's mouth, a 2" shank would need more rein pressure than an 8" shank to provide the same effect. A long lower shank in relation to the upper shank (or purchase) increases the leverage, and thus the pressure, on the curb groove and the bars of the mouth. A long purchase in relation to the lower shank increases the pressure on the poll and chin, but does not apply as much pressure on the bars of the mouth. A longer purchase will also lift the cannons up and cause significant lip stretch, with an increased danger of dragging the cannons of the bit into the premolars. A horse has more warning or pre-signal, in a long-shanked bit, allowing it to respond before any significant pressure is applied to its mouth, than it would in a shorter-shanked bit, but ultimately it is the straightness or curve of the shank which translates to the abruptness of response. A straight shank, following the line of leverage, will produce a faster response in the mouth and curb than a shorter curved shank. In this way, a longer shank can allow better communication between horse and rider, without increasing severity. This is also directly dependent on the tightness of the curb chain. Pre-signal is everything that happens before the curbstrap engages, so a properly adjusted curbstrap is paramount in determining the amount of rotation and the timeframe a horse has to prepare for the bit to engage. Too tight and the action is abrupt and severe, too loose and the action is slower, but the bit rotates further, causing it to lift in the mouth and hit the premolars. Types Shanks come in a variety of types, which may affect the action of the bit. Some shanks are loose-jawed, meaning they swivel where the mouthpiece attaches to the shank. Others have a loose, rotating ring at the bottom of the shank for rein attachment. Both of these functions allow slight rotation before the bit engages, again providing a "warning" to the horse before the bit engages fully and allowing him to respond to the slightest pressure, thus increasing communication between horse and rider. The cheek-shank angle also varies, with some straight up and down, others with the shanks curving backward, and some with an S-curve in the shank. The straighter the cheek-shank line is, the less signal is provided to the horse before the bit engages. Those that curve backward provide more of a signal to the horse. Therefore, the type of shank needs to be considered according to the use of the horse. Horses that maintain a more vertical head position, such as dressage horses, generally use a curb bit with straight shanks. Those that have a nose-out head position when working, such as cutting and roping horses, more commonly use a curved shank. Mouthpiece The curb bit's mouthpiece controls the pressure on the tongue, roof of the mouth, and bars. A mullen mouth places even pressure on the bars and tongue. A port places more pressure on the bars, but provides room for the tongue. A high port may act on the roof of the mouth as it touches. Some Western style curbs, particularly the spade bit, have both a straight bar mouthpiece and a high welded port, thus acting on the bars, tongue and palate. In the wrong hands, such bits can be extremely severe, but on an exquisitely trained animal, they allow the rider to communicate with the horse with a simple touch of the fingertips to the reins. Curb bits can also be purchased with a variety of jointed mouthpieces that are sometimes mistakenly called "snaffles", some of which (like the twisted wire) can further increase severity. Jointed mouthpieces increase the pressure on the bars due to the nutcracker action of the mouthpiece. In addition, the joint angle is altered by the shank leverage to tip the bit downward and into the tongue. These bits, sometimes called "cowboy snaffles" due to their popularity among western riders, are actually more harsh than a curb with a simple, solid, ported mouthpiece. Accessories The curb chain or strap applies pressure to the curb groove under a horse's chin. When the shank of the bit rotates back (due to rein pressure), the cheek of the bit rotates forward since it is a lever arm. The curb chain is attached to the rings at the end of the cheek. So as the cheek moves forward, it pulls the curb chain, tightening in the curb groove. Once it comes in contact with the curb groove of the horse it acts as a fulcrum, causing the cannons of the bit mouthpiece to push down onto the horse's bars, thus amplifying the bit's pressure on the bars of the horse's mouth. The action of the bit is therefore also dependent on the tightness of the curb chain. If the bit is used without a curb chain (very uncommon—and dangerous), it loses its leverage action. If used with a loose curb chain, it allows the shanks to rotate more before the curb chain is tight enough to act as a fulcrum and exert pressure. This extra rotation can warn the horse before pressure is exerted on the mouth, so the well-trained horse may respond faster. If used with a very tight curb chain, the bit immediately exerts leverage and increased pressure on the bars as soon as pressure is applied to the reins. Therefore, a tight curb chain is harsher, and provides less finesse in signaling the horse than a looser curb chain would. Less often seen is the lip strap, a thin strap or light chain that helps keep the curb chain in place and also prevents the horse from grabbing, or "lipping" the bit shanks with its mouth. Styles Curb bits have tremendous variation, from the relatively simple English Weymouth curb or the simple western medium-port curb to very elaborate designs with complex mouthpieces and shank designs. Some of the more common include: Weymouth or Weymouth curb: commonly used in a double bridle. It is an English style with a straight shank. The mouthpiece can be one of numerous styles, but usually it is solid, with a low port. Grazing bit: A western curb with shanks turned back nearly 90 degrees, allegedly to allow the horse to graze while wearing a curb bit. Modern western bits with moderately curved or angled shanks are sometimes called grazing bits, even if the angle is less extreme than the original design. Spade bit: A historic vaquero design with straight, highly decorated shanks and a mouthpiece that includes a straight bar, a narrow port with a cricket, and a "spoon," a flat, partly rounded plate affixed above the port, supported by braces on either side. Considered a highly technical piece of equipment to be used only on a finished horse. Liverpool bit: A curb bit with several rein-attachment slots on the curb arms, giving a choice of leverage – the reins may alternatively be attached directly to the bit to use it as a simple snaffle. Used for horses in harness, especially when working in teams, when different horses may require different treatment – their bits can be adjusted so the same tension on the reins of each horse gives a similar result. This allows the reins of the different horses in a team to be joined together, minimising the number of reins the driver has to manage. Fitting Curbs are generally placed lower down in a horse's mouth than snaffle bits, touching the corners of the mouth, or creating a single slight wrinkle in the lips. The lower the bit is placed, the more severe it is as the bars of the mouth get thinner and pressure is more concentrated. The curb chain should be adjusted correctly, lying flat against the chin groove and only coming into action against the jaw when the shank is rotated, but not so loose that the shank exceeds 45 degrees of rotation. References and external links The Bit Gallery Bits (horse)	wiki
Quincy Jones—American record producer, musical arranger, film composer, impresario, conductor, and trumpeter—has charted 6 singles and 6 albums in the top 40 and won 4 Platinum Awards and 7 Gold Awards only in the United States. Jones is one of few producers to have number one records in three consecutive decades (1960s, 1970s, and 1980s). Albums As leader Soundtracks As sideman As composer, conductor, arranger, producer Singles References Jazz discographies Production discographies Pop music discographies Discographies of American artists Production Discography	wiki
Myosin-15 also known as myosin, heavy chain 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYH15 gene. Function MYH15 is a slow-twitch myosin. References Further reading	wiki
Fife, skót tanácsi terület Amerikai Egyesült Államok Fife (Texas) Fife (Virginia) Fife (Washington)	wiki
The vault event at the European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships was first held in 1957. Three medals are awarded: gold for first place, silver for second place, and bronze for third place. Tie breakers have not been used in every year. In the event of a tie between two gymnasts, both names are listed, and the following position (second for a tie for first, third for a tie for second) is left empty because a medal was not awarded for that position. If three gymnastics tied for a position, the following two positions are left empty. Giulia Steingruber, with three golds, one silver, and one bronze, holds the records for most gold medals and most total medals in this event. Medalists Medal table References European Artistic Gymnastics Championships	wiki
Stock car, referring to a production car, usually refers to Stock car racing. Stock car may also refer to: Stock car (rail), wagon used for carrying livestock Stock Car (film), 1955 British crime drama Stock Car (video game), released in 1984 Stock Car Racing (magazine), U.S. magazine since 1966 Stock Car Races, Canadian sports television series Stock Car Light Stock Car Brasil	wiki
A greyhound trainer is a person who trains greyhounds for racing. This involves exercising, feeding, and grooming them in addition to keeping the greyhound in race condition to enable the greyhound to race to the best of its ability. History Before the 1930s nearly all greyhound racing was in the form of coursing but track racing was established in the United States in 1919 and Great Britain in 1927. Today the term 'greyhound trainer' refers mainly to track racing because coursing has been banned in many countries. United Kingdom In the United Kingdom Greyhound trainers currently fall under two sectors: those registered by the Greyhound Board of Great Britain (GBGB), and a sector known as 'independent racing' or 'flapping' which is racing unaffiliated to any governing body. In Ireland trainers are regulated by the Greyhound Racing Ireland. Role In greyhound racing, a trainer prepares a greyhound for races, with responsibility for exercising it, feeding it, getting it race-ready and determining which races it should enter. In the majority of cases they train the greyhound for an owner and look after the greyhound 24/7 at their race kennels. Greyhound trainers charge the owner a kennel fee for training the greyhound. Prize money goes to the owner. Greyhound trainers usually act as agents for their owners including the purchasing of greyhounds from breeders. As such, they have legal obligations to their owners. References Sports occupations and roles	wiki
This timeline is an incomplete list of significant events of human migration and exploration by sea. This timeline does not include migration and exploration over land, including migration across land that has subsequently submerged beneath the sea, such as the initial settlement of Great Britain and Ireland. Maritime migration and exploration See also Age of Discovery Ancient maritime history Chinese exploration Chronology of European exploration of Asia Colonization Columbian exchange Early human migrations European exploration of Africa History of navigation History of slavery Human migration Indian maritime history Major explorations after the Age of Discovery Maritime history Maritime history of Europe Maritime Silk Road Maritime timeline Ming treasure voyages Naval history of China Polynesian navigation Portuguese maritime exploration Spanish colonization of the Americas Timeline of European exploration Timeline of prehistory Timeline of the Ming treasure voyages Treaty of Tordesillas Voyages of Christopher Columbus References References are included in the linked articles. External links Maritime timelines Historical geography History of immigration Origins Social history-related lists	wiki
Back for You may refer to: "Back for You", a 2019 song by Cashmere Cat from Princess Catgirl "Back for You", a 2012 song by One Direction from Take Me Home	wiki
Eileen Bennett – tennista britannica Eileen Bennett – attrice britannica	wiki
A double bridle, also called a full bridle or Weymouth bridle, is a bridle that has two bits and four reins (sometimes called "double reins"). One bit is the bradoon (or bridoon), is a modified snaffle bit that is smaller in diameter and has smaller bit rings than a traditional snaffle, and it is adjusted so that it sits above and behind the other bit, a curb bit. Another term for this combination of curb and snaffle bit is a "bit and bradoon", where the word "bit" in this particular context refers to the curb. Uses Double bridles are most commonly associated with dressage and certain horse show classes where formal tack, attire and turnout is standard. They are required for upper level FEI dressage tests (Prix St. Georges (PSG), Intermediare, and Grand Prix), and are optional at the USDF third and fourth level. They are also permitted in the dressage phase of eventing at the Intermediate or Advanced levels, although not required. (In eventing, even at the advanced level, snaffle bridles are still the norm.) Double bridles are fairly common for horse show purposes in Australia, and in the United Kingdom for show hunters and show hacks, but are less common at shows in the United States, except for Saddle seat, show hack and upper level Dressage competition. Additionally, ladies riding side saddle traditionally use a double bridle. Double bridles used to be seen on show hunters in the United States, but have been replaced by the snaffle. Double bridles are rarely used by show jumping riders and eventers in the stadium and cross-country phases. The double bridle is still sometimes used by cavalry and police horses. While the snaffle bridle is more common, the double bridle, in the hands of an experienced rider, is able to transmit more nuanced commands and obtain more sophisticated responses from the horse. Thus, for advanced forms of riding, it is preferred. History Double bridles, originally called "full bridles", were much more common several hundred years ago. They were considered the "proper" equipment for a trained rider and horse, while a simple snaffle bridle was only for green horses and riders, young children, grooms, and poor riders. The double bridle is commonly seen in old paintings of hunt scenes, used by the well-trained gentry as they rode cross-country. Although the modern ideal is for balance between the snaffle and the curb, and most riders today tend to employ the bradoon for the majority of commands, historically, the accomplished rider would "ride on the curb." Riding on the curb indicated lightness in the mouth, was a demonstration that both horse and rider had been highly trained, and that the rider had very good control of his or her hands, and was able to ride the horse mainly from the seat. The rider would keep a modest contact with the curb bit to regulate collection and only engage the bradoon bit to raise the head or reinforce leg and seat aids for impulsion and direction if those aids failed to achieve their effect. With a supremely trained horse and rider, not only would the horse be ridden on the curb only, but with placing both sets reins in one hand and carrying the whip upright in the other. Today, the tradition of riding only on the curb is preserved by classical and advanced military riders, and it is possible to see such performances at the Spanish Riding School. It is also used on finished horses in western riding. The tradition of riding with double reins in one hand is preserved by polo players, where double reins remain the norm but the double bridle has been largely replaced by the pelham bit or the gag bit. The double bridle was once used frequently by fox hunters, as they could employ the bradoon at the beginning of the hunt, and then use the curb if the horse became excessively excited and forward as the hunt continued. Additionally, it allowed women, confined to riding sidesaddle at the time, to ride hotter horses, with the option of using the curb rein if the horse began to pull too much. Many eventers also used to ride with the double bridle when going cross-country on exceptionally high-strung horses. However, this practice has fallen out of favor, with most riders preferring the pelham instead, which is less harsh should the rider accidentally make a mistake. Additionally, the pelham could be used with bit converters, which allowed for one rein and made the bit much easier to handle. Adjustment and parts The double bridle differs from the usual snaffle bridle in that it consists of four reins attached to two separate bits: the bradoon-style snaffle and a curb. The curb bit hangs down from the main headstall, and the bradoon has a separate, simpler headstall made from a narrow piece of leather known as a "bradoon hanger" or a "slip head." The bradoon headstall lies under the curb headstall, with the browband of the bridle holding both pieces, as well as the cavesson all together as a single unit. A bradoon is a snaffle bit designed specifically for use in the double bridle. The bit mouthpiece is usually single-jointed, and the bit ring is usually a loose-ring, less often an eggbutt, or baucher. The rings are smaller in diameter (maximum 8 centimeters) than a regular snaffle bit, and for USDF competition, the mouthpiece must be at least 3/8" in diameter when used on a horse, with smaller diameters allowed for ponies. It is especially important to choose a bradoon that is the correct width. A bradoon that is too wide may get caught on top of the port of the curb bit and push the bridoon's joint upward into the upper palate, while one that is too narrow will pinch the horse's skin against his molars. Both cases are painful and should be avoided. In general, the bradoon should be about 1/2" wider than the Weymouth. The curb bit, or Weymouth, consists of a mouthpiece with shanks and a curb chain. In USDF competition, the lower shank may be no longer than 10 cm (about 4") in length. With a sliding mouthpiece, this measurement is taken when the mouthpiece is at its highest point. The width of the curb bit is also important: a curb that is too narrow will cause the shanks to pinch the lips, one that is too wide will cause the lips to be pinched between the curb and the curb chain and may also cause it to lie unevenly in the mouth. The upper shank should bend slightly outward, to prevent it from pinching when the reins are pulled. The severity of the curb is determined by several factors: longer shanks are considered more severe, as are tighter or thinner curb chains and higher ports. The bradoon always lies higher in the horse's mouth than the curb bit, and is placed above the curb chain. It is common to place the bradoon a bit higher in the mouth than a snaffle used alone, because it is less likely to get caught on the curb. However, it is important that the bits do not lie too far apart from each other within the mouth, as the tongue may be caught between the two. In general, both bits are chosen to be slightly thinner. Although this increases their severity, most horses prefer thinner bits because it allows for more room for the tongue, which can be uncomfortably cramped with two thick bits sharing the space. The bradoon rein should be wider than the rein used on the curb bit and in sport horse disciplines is often a bit more grippy (laced or, less often, rubber reins are popular), while the curb rein is thinner and smooth. This makes it easy for the rider to distinguish the two by feel. The extra grip provided by the snaffle rein also helps prevent the horse from pulling it through the rider's hands, which would make the curb rein shorter in comparison and encourage the rider to over-use the curb rein. When using a double bridle, a cavesson is always used. It should not be adjusted too low, as it may cause the skin and lip to pinch between it and the bradoon. Some riders use a padded crownpiece because the curb places pressure on the poll. Use Action The bradoon bit works like any other snaffle, placing pressure on the lips, tongue, and to some extent the bars of the mouth. In the classical dressage tradition, the bradoon is used to regulate horizontal flexion (bending the horse left and right) and impulsion (faster and slower). Any action that is meant to place pressure on one side of the mouth must be performed with the bradoon, because the curb is designed in such a way that a pull on one rein will produce equal pressure across the tongue and bars, unless it is extremely harsh. Additionally, use of only one rein of the curb causes the bit to twist in the mouth and the chain to pinch. The curb bit places pressure on the bars, the palate (especially if the port of the curb bit is fairly large), and via the curb chain, the poll and chin groove. It is used to regulate vertical flexion (cresting the neck and collecting the body through an arched spine), and the poll pressure asks the horse to lower the poll and telescope the neck to raise the base of the neck. If the horse tries to push his nose outward without permission from the rider, the curb reins will automatically come into play and tighten, asking the horse to flex. If the horse stiffens, adding slight poll and tongue pressure with the curb can ask him to relax at the poll. A rider may increase pressure on the curb alone by lifting their hands forward and upward. The hands remain the same distance from the bradoon because they move around a circle that is a radius equal to that of the bradoon rein. Therefore, the action of the bradoon does not come into play. However, because the curb rein is several inches below the bradoon, raising the hands pull upward on the bit and engages the shank. When used in Saddle seat tradition, particularly in the United States, the bradoon is used both to raise the head and turn, while the curb is used to lower the head, soften the jaw, and to slow the horse. In saddle seat riding, contact is to be maintained equally on all four reins. In modern dressage, most riders employing the double bridle "ride on the bradoon." In other words, they keep a steady contact with the bradoon bit and only engage the curb bit to when necessary to encourage the horse to collect. As a result, the bradoon rein keeps slightly more pressure, and the curb rein, although in contact, is much softer. In competition, total loss of rein contact of the curb (which will result in the rein being bowed) will cause a severe deduction from the rider's score. To ride mainly from the bradoon while still keeping a soft contact on the curb, the rider must have steady, soft hands and a correct hand position. To activate the bradoon separately from the curb, if the rider is using the most common rein holds (described below), the rider simply rotates the lower fingers into the hand and slightly upward, which will tighten pressure on the bradoon. The upper part of the hand, where the curb is held, remains in the same point in space and acts as a pivot, so that the pressure on the curb does not change. Dangers of misuse Riders must be skilled before attempting to use the double bridle, and the horse should be far enough along in his training that the double bridle would be accepted and understood. It is a refined piece of equipment that can greatly enhance the riding in good hands, or destroy the animal's training and mouth. Because it uses two bits, it has a much greater chance of damaging the horse's mouth if used incorrectly. The rider must have an independent seat and soft hands. Additionally, they should be able to keep their horse moving uphill with elevated shoulders, or else activating the curb will cause him to hollow, fall onto the forehand, and flex incorrectly at the 3rd vertebra rather than the poll. The rider must also take care to determine if a double bridle is proper for the individual horse's training and temperament. Certain sensitive horses will do better if kept in a snaffle for a longer period of time. Horses that tend to be lazy or behind their rider's leg will also become more so if ridden in double bridle before they are consistently forward. Overuse of the curb will cause the horse to go behind the bit, open his mouth, draw his tongue back in his mouth to escape the pressure, or damage the tongue. Additionally, it can cause unpure gaits, including a "pacey" walk, a stiff trot, and a 4-beat canter. Overuse of the somewhat thin bradoon can lead to a hard mouth, and in severe cases, cause sores or bleeding at the corners of the mouth. Martingales If a running martingale is used with a double bridle, only the snaffle reins should run through the rings. Running curb reins through the martingale creates excessive amounts of leverage and can cause pain to the horse if misused. While fox hunters once were known to ride with a running martingale attached to the curb rein, today this practice is relatively non-existent, partly because the double bridle is only common in equestrian disciplines that usually do not use a running martingale. However, if a running martingale is used on the curb, however ill-advised, it is extremely important to use rein stops, as the martingale ring is sometimes larger than the ring on the curb bit shank, and can get caught on the bit with potentially disastrous consequences. Holding the reins When first learning to use the double bridle, it can be helpful to gain experience holding and manipulating two reins without actually using the more severe curb. To do so, the rider may place two reins on the snaffle. A rider may also ride on contact with the snaffle rein, keeping the curb rein loose until the hold becomes comfortable and familiar. There are several types of rein holds which offer various degrees of action between both bits. Military rein hold (4 reins in one hand) The traditional cavalry hold has the rider place all four reins in the left hand; in this way, the right hand is left free to hold a sword, lance, or other weapon. The precise order of reins has varied from era to era, from country to country, and to suit specific circumstances of battle or pageantry. In every case, a great deal of precise control is needed to selectively engage the bradoon or curb independently. Less schooled troopers may ride while engaging only a single pair of reins for one bit, and allowing the reins for the second bit to bow and thereby apply only the passive effect of gravity on that bit. This rein hold is also seen in competitive dressage, during FEI freestyle tests. It demonstrates the horse's throughness, self-carriage, and obedience due to the fact that the rider has little control with the reins except to create flexion. When used, it can increase the difficulty of the movement, thereby helping the rider attain a higher score if executed well. "2 to 2" rein holds, with more pressure on the bradoon "2 to 2 holds" involve the rider holding two reins in each hand. The two most commonly used in the United States allow for softer use of the curb rein. In one such hold, the rider holds the bradoon rein under the fourth finger (pinkie or little finger), and the curb between the third and fourth fingers. In the second method, the bradoon is held between the third (ring) and fourth finger, and the curb between the second and third fingers. The latter is in some ways preferable, because the rider continues to hold the snaffle rein between the ring finger and pinkie, in the same manner as when riding with a snaffle alone, and so will already have the feel developed for that use. Additionally, pressure from the bradoon rein pushing on the underside of the little finger can encourage riders to raise their hands, because it will feel as if there is not longer a perfectly straight line from elbow to bit. In either case, the reins cross one another, the rider should be sure that the curb rein crosses under the bradoon when the horse is viewed from the side, so that it is closer to the neck. Both these holds allow for the rider to flex his or her hand and apply slightly more contact to the bradoon than to the curb, allowing it to be softer. In both cases, the ends of the reins usually leave the fist between the thumb and index finger, as seen when riding with just a snaffle rein. However, another variation allows the end of the snaffle rein to leave between the first and second fingers, and the end of the curb to leave between the thumb and first finger. This allows the rider to easily identify each rein and adjust the tension on each. It also helps to avoid too much tension on the curb rein. "2 to 2" rein holds, with more pressure on the curb There are several rein holds which increase the ratio of curb to bradoon pressure. In all these cases, the curb rein is held lower down in the hand than the bradoon, so that the two reins do not cross when the horse is viewed from the side. As the distance increases between where the two reins insert into the hand, the curb reins becomes more and more prominent when rein pressure is applied. This is because the curb has greater action when the lower part of the hand is flexed back. This hold is usually used if the horse is especially hard-mouthed, easily distractible, or needs a bit more curb action because he tries to raise his head. It should only be applied by riders with exceptionally soft hands who have a good foundation in using the double bridle. Two of the mild forms of this type of hold involve the curb rein either under the fourth finger, or between the fourth and third finger, while holding the bradoon between the second and third fingers. The most extreme form of this is called the "Fillis Hold", named after James Fillis. It involves the curb rein being held under the pinkie, and the bradoon rein held like a driving rein, between the thumb and first finger. The two reins therefore insert into the hand as far away as they possibly could and allow each set to be used with considerable leverage. Therefore, either rein can be used without the influence of the other, simply by rotating the lower or upper part of the hand back. This hold is commonly seen used (correctly) by the dressage rider Philipe Karl. However, when used incorrectly, which can be extremely easy to do even by excellent riders, it causes the horse to flex at the third vertebra instead of the poll, a major fault. "3 to 1" rein hold In the 3 to 1 rein hold, one hand (historically, the left hand) holds three reins and the other only one rein. The three-rein hand controls both curb reins and the bradoon rein which belongs to that side, and the other hand simply holds the other bradoon rein and the whip. It is a hold that was common to the classical dressage tradition. Today the 3 to 1 rein hold is used while training, rather than competition, although it is still seen used by the Spanish Riding School. The left hand holds the left bradoon rein below the fourth finger (pinkie), the left hand curb rein between the third and fourth fingers, and the right hand curb between the second and third fingers. It is held right over the pommel of the saddle. The right hand holds the bradoon as it would normally hold a snaffle (between the third and fourth fingers), and the hand is held very close to the left hand. This hold has several important consequences: it decreases the action of the curb, it prevents the rider from riding with their hands too wide or performing an overzealous opening rein with their left hand, and it shows when the horse is not properly straight, because the rider can no longer make the rein pressure on one side of the mouth any stronger than the other, since reins from both sides are held in the left hand. The rider must ride off the seat and legs to bend the horse, and the horse must therefore be properly "through". Riding on the curb only (auf blanker Kandare reiten) The bridoon reins are dropped on the neck near the withers, and contact is kept only with the curb, both reins being held in the left hand. This means that the rider must have good hands, a well-developed seat, and the horse must accept the bit, or else the horse will end up overbent. The rider can only create bend in the horse with the seat and legs, not the hands. The whip is held upright in the right hand, going back to the tradition where the sword would be held in such a way as a salute. This method is rarely practiced today, although still seen used by the Spanish Riding School, the Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre, and the mounted troops of the household cavalry in London, England. The method is also mandatory at the higher levels of the equestrian discipline of Working Equitation. Western riding A distantly related variation on the English double bridle is the "two rein" setup used in the western riding classic vaquero tradition (also known as the "buckaroo" or "California" tradition) of developing a "spade bit" horse. Rather than use of a bit and bradoon, the trainer uses a thin bosal style hackamore over a complex type of curb bit known as a spade. This tradition originated with the same haute ecole and military uses of horses in the Middle Ages, but developed differently from classical dressage since approximately the 16th century, when Spanish horse trainers arrived in the Americas. In this tradition, the ultimate goal is use of one hand on the spade alone. A young horse is started in a bosal, then is transitioned into the spade by wearing both the spade bit with progressively smaller diameter bosals, with the rider usually carrying the reins in the 3 in 1 hold. The reins of the spade bit are romal style, with light chains or small lead weights added between the bit and the rein so that it balances perfectly in the mouth of the horse. Over time the trainer uses the bosal less and less until the horse travels with lightness and collection on the spade alone. The process of moving from a bosal alone to a "straight up" spade bit horse using the spade alone can take many years, as long as it takes to bring a Dressage horse to Grand Prix level. For practical working purposes, the modern cowboy of the vaquero or "buckaroo" tradition usually keeps a light bosal on the finished horse as a type of noseband. See also Bridle English riding Horse tack References External links How to fit a double bridle Headgear (horse)	wiki
Superfecundation is the fertilization of two or more ova from the same cycle by sperm from separate acts of sexual intercourse, which can lead to twin babies from two separate biological fathers. The term superfecundation is derived from fecund, meaning the ability to produce offspring. Homopaternal superfecundation is fertilization of two separate ova from the same father, leading to fraternal twins, while heteropaternal superfecundation is a form of atypical twinning where, genetically, the twins are half siblings – sharing the same mother, but with different fathers. Conception Sperm cells can live inside a female's body for up to five days, and once ovulation occurs, the egg remains viable for 12–48 hours before it begins to disintegrate. Superfecundation most commonly happens within hours or days of the first instance of fertilization with ova released during the same cycle. Ovulation is normally suspended during pregnancy to prevent further ova becoming fertilized and to help increase the chances of a full-term pregnancy. However, if an ovum is atypically released after the female was already impregnated when previously ovulating, a chance of a second pregnancy occurs, albeit at a different stage of development. This is known as superfetation. Heteropaternal superfecundation Heteropaternal superfecundation is common in animals such as cats and dogs. Stray dogs can produce litters in which every puppy has a different sire. Though rare in humans, cases have been documented. In one study on humans, the frequency was 2.4% among dizygotic twins whose parents had been involved in paternity suits. Cases in Greek mythology Greek mythology holds many cases of superfecundation: Leda lies with both her husband Tyndareus and with the god Zeus, the latter in the guise of a swan. Nine months later, she bears two daughters: Clytemnestra by Tyndareus and Helen by Zeus. This happens again; this time Leda bears two sons: Castor by Tyndareus and Pollux by Zeus. Alcmene lies with Zeus, who is disguised as her husband Amphitryon; Alcmene later lies with the real Amphitryon and gives birth to two sons: Iphicles by Amphitryon and Heracles by Zeus. Chione lies with both Apollo and Hermes on the same night, and falls pregnant. She bears two sons; Autolycus for Hermes and Philammon for Apollo. Selected cases involving superfecundation In 1982, twins who were born with two different skin colors were discovered to be conceived as a result of heteropaternal superfecundation. In 1995, a young woman gave birth to diamniotic monochorionic twins, who were originally assumed to be monozygotic twins until a paternity suit led to a DNA test. This led to the discovery that the twins had different fathers. In 2001, a case of spontaneous monopaternal superfecundation was reported after a woman undergoing IVF treatments gave birth to quintuplets after only two embryos were implanted. Genetic testing supported that the twinning was not a result of the embryos splitting, and that all five boys shared the same father. In 2015, a judge in New Jersey ruled that a man should only pay child support for one of two twins, as he was only the biological father to one of the children. In 2016, an IVF-implanted surrogate mother gave birth to two children: one genetically unrelated child from an implanted embryo, and a biological child from her own egg and her husband's sperm. In 2019, a Chinese woman was reported to have two babies from different fathers, one of whom was her husband and the other was a man having a secret affair with her during the same time. In 2022, a 19-year-old Brazilian from Mineiros gave birth to a twin from two different fathers with whom she had sex on the same day. See also Chimera (genetics) Mixed twins Polyandry in nature Polyspermy Twins References Further reading Fertility Multiple births Reproduction	wiki
Special needs is an older term for disability which means that a person may require provision of accommodations, supports and services to have equitable access to opportunities and participate in the society. Special needs may also refer to: Category of people Alternative education, includes a number of approaches to teaching and learning separate from that offered by mainstream traditional education Special education, educating students with special educational needs Special education in the United Kingdom Special Needs Evacuation Tracking System, Texas Entertainment Special Needs (film), a 2007 film by Isaak James Special Needs, former name of the British band The Needs "Special Needs" (Placebo song), a song by the British rock band Other Special needs exception, an exception to the Fourth Amendment's general requirement that government searches be supported by a warrant and probable cause	wiki
Argyrodes, also called dewdrop spiders, is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1864. They occur worldwide, and are best known for their kleptoparasitism. They can spin their own webs, but tend to invade and reside in their hosts' webs. This relationship can be commensal or even mutual if the dewdrop spider feeds on small trapped insects that are not eaten by the host. Some species can even prey upon the host. {{Automatic taxobox \| taxon = Argyrodes \| name = Dewdrop spiders \| image = Argyrodes Kaldari 01.jpg \| fossil_range = \| authority = Simon, 1864 \| type_species = A. argyrodes \| type_species_authority = (Walckenaer, 1841) \| subdivision_ranks = Species \| subdivision = 93, see text \| synonyms = *Argyrodina Strand, 1926 Conopistha Karsch, 1881 Microcephalus Restrepo, 1944<ref name=Levi1972>{{cite journal\| last=Levi\| first=H. W.\| year=1972\| title=Taxonomic-nomenclatural notes on misplaced theridiid spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae), with observations on Anelosimus\| journal=Transactions of the American Microscopical Society\| volume=91\| page=534}}</ref> \| synonyms_ref = }}The genus name is a combination of the Ancient Greek "argyros" (), meaning "silver", and the suffix "-odes", meaning "like". Description Most species are relatively small, and many are black with silvery markings. A. incursus has a body length of , while A. fissifrons has a body length of about . The body has a characteristic conical or triangle shape with a shorter third pair of legs, common in web dwelling spiders. The silver coloration of Argyrodes may be able to attract moths and other insects as it stimulates their photoreceptors and may resemble starlight. Distribution Most Argyrodes are found in the tropics, though fifteen species are found in the United States. A. elevatus is found in the southern US, A. nephilae in Florida and A. pluto in Maryland, Virginia, and Missouri. The latter species has been reported as far south as Chihuahua and Jamaica as well. Behavior Argyrodes are kleptoparasitic spiders that live on the webs created by orb-weaver spiders. These spiders feed on the small prey items caught in the host webs that they parasitize. In some instances, Argyrodes may even feed on previously digested carcasses that remain on the web. While these spiders are well known for being kleptoparasitic, they are also arachnophagous, meaning they prey on other spiders. Argyrodes will wait for a time when the host spider is vulnerable, such as during molting, and will attack and feed on it. This is true for the host spider's offspring as well, however Agyrodes will only feed on other spiders in some instances. It has been suggested that Argyrodes may have a mutualistic relationship with the host. The silver coloration of Argyrodes was found to attract more prey, particularly moths, to the host's web. This allows for larger prey items to be attracted for the host spider while Argyrodes is able to consume the smaller unwanted prey. A common misconception about Argyrodes is that it steals prey from the host spider, but recent research has showed that Argyrodes rarely steals large prey items from the host, and only eats what the host spider typically does not want. They have been noticed in complex Joro spider webs, for example. Kleptoparasitic spiders such as Argyrodes tend to prefer larger host webs over small ones, and multiple spiders often inhabit the same host web. Clustered webs were found to be preferred by Arygrodes, but only because these webs are generally larger than isolated ones. There does not appear to be any preference for clustered webs over isolated webs when comparing the number of spiders per web area. Kleptoparasitic spiders tend to spend much of their time on the outskirts of the host web, using this area as a safe place outside of the host spiders typical monitoring range. In addition to stealing food from the host web, dewdrop spiders are also known to use the host web as a location for mating as well as a place to hang their egg sacs. Species it contains ninety-three species and five subspecies, found in Asia, South America, North America, Oceania, Africa, the Caribbean, on the Canary Islands, and Saint Helena:A. abscissus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – MadagascarA. alannae Grostal, 1999 – Eastern AustraliaA. ambalikae Tikader, 1970 – IndiaA. amboinensis Thorell, 1878 – Indonesia (Sulawesi, Ambon), New Guinea, New CaledoniaA. antipodianus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – Australia, New Caledonia, New ZealandA. apiculatus Thorell, 1895 – MyanmarA. argentatus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – India, Indonesia to China. Introduced to HawaiiA. argyrodes (Walckenaer, 1841) (type) – Mediterranean to West Africa, SeychellesA. atriapicatus Strand, 1906 – EthiopiaA. bandanus Strand, 1911 – Indonesia (Banda Is.)A. benedicti Lopez, 1988 – French GuianaA. binotatus Rainbow, 1915 – AustraliaA. bonadea (Karsch, 1881) – India, China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, PhilippinesA. borbonicus Lopez, 1990 – RéunionA. callipygus Thorell, 1895 – MyanmarA. calmettei Lopez, 1990 – RéunionA. chionus Roberts, 1983 – Seychelles (Aldabra)A. chiriatapuensis Tikader, 1977 – India (Andaman Is.)A. chounguii Lopez, 2010 – MayotteA. coactatus Lopez, 1988 – French GuianaA. cognatus (Blackwall, 1877) – SeychellesA. convivans Lawrence, 1937 – South AfricaA. cylindratus Thorell, 1898 – China, Myanmar to JapanA. cyrtophorae Tikader, 1963 – IndiaA. delicatulus Thorell, 1878 – Indonesia (Ambon)A. dipali Tikader, 1963 – IndiaA. elevatus Taczanowski, 1873 – USA to Argentina, Galapagos Is.A. exlineae (Caporiacco, 1949) – KenyaA. fasciatus Thorell, 1892 – Malaysia, SingaporeA. fissifrons O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 – Sri Lanka to Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, China, Australia (Queensland)Argyrodes f. terressae Thorell, 1891 – India (Nicobar Is.)A. fissifrontellus Saaristo, 1978 – SeychellesA. flavescens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – India, Sri Lanka to Japan, New GuineaA. flavipes Rainbow, 1916 – Australia (Queensland)A. fragilis Thorell, 1877 – Indonesia (Sulawesi)A. gazedes Tikader, 1970 – IndiaA. gazingensis Tikader, 1970 – IndiaA. gemmatus Rainbow, 1920 – Australia (Lord Howe Is.)A. gouri Tikader, 1963 – IndiaA. gracilis (L. Koch, 1872) – Australia (Lord Howe Is.), New Caledonia, SamoaA. hawaiiensis Simon, 1900 – HawaiiA. ilipoepoe Rivera & Gillespie, 2010 – HawaiiA. incertus Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.A. incisifrons Keyserling, 1890 – Australia (Queensland)A. incursus Gray & Anderson, 1989 – Australia (New South Wales, Lord Howe Is.)A. insectus Schmidt, 2005 – Cape Verde Is.A. jamkhedes Tikader, 1963 – IndiaA. kratochvili (Caporiacco, 1949) – KenyaA. kualensis Hogg, 1927 – MalaysiaA. kulczynskii (Roewer, 1942) – New GuineaA. kumadai Chida & Tanikawa, 1999 – China, Taiwan, JapanA. laja Rivera & Gillespie, 2010 – HawaiiA. lanyuensis Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 1998 – TaiwanA. latifolium Liu, Irfan & Peng, 2019 – ChinaA. lepidus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – New ZealandA. levuca Strand, 1915 – FijiA. lucmae Chamberlin, 1916 – PeruA. maculiger Strand, 1911 – Indonesia (Kei Is.)A. margaritarius (Rainbow, 1894) – Australia (New South Wales)A. mellissi (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870) – St. HelenaA. mertoni Strand, 1911 – Indonesia (Aru Is.)Argyrodes m. poecilior Strand, 1913 – Central AfricaA. miltosus Zhu & Song, 1991 – ChinaA. minax O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – Madagascar, ComorosA. miniaceus (Doleschall, 1857) – Korea, Japan to AustraliaA. modestus Thorell, 1899 – CameroonA. nasutus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – Sri LankaA. neocaledonicus Berland, 1924 – New CaledoniaA. nephilae Taczanowski, 1873 – USA, Caribbean to Argentina, Galapagos Is. Introduced to IndiaA. parcestellatus Simon, 1909 – VietnamA. pluto Banks, 1906 – USA, Mexico, JamaicaA. praeacutus Simon, 1903 – Equatorial GuineaA. projeles Tikader, 1970 – IndiaA. rainbowi (Roewer, 1942) – Australia (Queensland, New South Wales)A. reticola Strand, 1911 – Indonesia (Aru Is.)A. rostratus Blackwall, 1877 – SeychellesA. samoensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – New Caledonia, SamoaA. scapulatus Schmidt & Piepho, 1994 – Cape Verde Is.A. scintillulanus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – India, Sri LankaA. sextuberculosus Strand, 1908 – Mozambique, MadagascarArgyrodes s. dilutior (Caporiacco, 1940) – EthiopiaA. strandi (Caporiacco, 1940) – EthiopiaA. stridulator Lawrence, 1937 – South AfricaA. sublimis L. Koch, 1872 – FijiA. sundaicus (Doleschall, 1859) – Thailand, Indonesia (Java), Papua New Guinea (New Britain)A. tenuis Thorell, 1877 – Indonesia (Sulawesi)Argyrodes t. infumatus Thorell, 1878 – Indonesia (Ambon)A. tripunctatus Simon, 1877 – PhilippinesA. unimaculatus (Marples, 1955) – Samoa, Tongatabu, NiueA. vatovae (Caporiacco, 1940) – EthiopiaA. viridis (Vinson, 1863) – Madagascar, RéunionA. vittatus Bradley, 1877 – New GuineaA. weyrauchi Exline & Levi, 1962 – PeruA. wolfi Strand, 1911 – New GuineaA. yunnanensis Xu, Yin & Kim, 2000 – ChinaA. zhui Zhu & Song, 1991 – ChinaA. zonatus (Walckenaer, 1841) – Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), East Africa, Madagascar, Réunion, MayotteArgyrodes z. occidentalis Simon, 1903 – Guinea-Bissau Formerly included:A. aculeatus (Thorell, 1898) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. acuminatus Keyserling, 1891 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. acuminatus (Schenkel, 1953) (Transferred to Chrysso)A. affinis (Lessert, 1936) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. alticeps Keyserling, 1891 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. altus Keyserling, 1891 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. amates Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. americanus (Taczanowski, 1874) (Transferred to Faiditus)A. analiae González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. andamanensis Tikader, 1977 (Transferred to Meotipa)A. angulipalpis (Thorell, 1877) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. anomalus (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) (Transferred to Synotaxus)A. argenteolus (Simon, 1873) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. argentiopunctatus Rainbow, 1916 (Transferred to Thwaitesia)A. argyrodiformis (Yaginuma, 1952) (Transferred to Meotipa)A. arthuri Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. atopus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. baboquivari Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Neospintharus)A. barycephalus Roberts, 1983 (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. birgitae (Strand, 1917) (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. bryantae Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. campestratus (Simon, 1903) (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. canariensis (Schmidt, 1956) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. cancellatus (Hentz, 1850) (Transferred to Faiditus)A. carnicobarensis Tikader, 1977 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. caronae González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. caudatus (Taczanowski, 1874) (Transferred to Faiditus)A. ceraosus Zhu & Song, 1991 (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. chicaensis González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. chickeringi Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. cochleaformus (Exline, 1945) (Transferred to Faiditus)A. colubrinus (Keyserling, 1890) (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. cometes (L. Koch, 1872) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. concisus Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Neospintharus)A. conus González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. convolutus Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. cordillera (Exline, 1945) (Transferred to Faiditus)A. corniger (Simon, 1900) (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. cristinae González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. crucinotus Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 (Transferred to Leucauge)A. cubensis Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. cylindricus Franganillo, 1936 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. cylindrogaster (Simon, 1889) (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. darlingtoni Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. davisi Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. delicatulus (Simon, 1883) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. dracus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. duckensis González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. ecaudatus (Keyserling, 1884) (Transferred to Faiditus)A. exiguus Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. fictilium (Hentz, 1850) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. flagellum (Doleschall, 1857) (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. flagellum (Simon, 1901) (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. flavonotatus (Urquhart, 1890) (Transferred to Tekelloides)A. floridanus Banks, 1900 (Transferred to Coleosoma)A. frontatus Banks, 1908 (Transferred to Neospintharus)A. fulvus Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. fur Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 (Transferred to Neospintharus)A. gansuensis Zhu, 1998 (Transferred to Neospintharus)A. gapensis Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. gertschi Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. globosus Keyserling, 1884 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. godmani Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. haitensis Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. helminthoides (Simon, 1907) (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. huangsangensis Yin, Peng & Bao, 2004 (Transferred to Spheropistha)A. hyrcanus Logunov & Marusik, 1990 (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. iguazuensis González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. indignus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. irroratus (Thorell, 1898) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. jamaicensis Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. jeanneli (Berland, 1920) (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. labiatus Zhu & Song, 1991 (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. lactifer (Simon, 1909) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. laraensis González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. leonensis Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. levii Zhu & Song, 1991 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. longispinus Saito, 1933 (Transferred to Cyclosa)A. longissimus (Keyserling, 1891) (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. longus (Kulczyński, 1905) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. manta (Exline, 1945) (Transferred to Faiditus)A. mariae González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. martinae (Exline, 1950) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. melanosoma (Yaginuma, 1957) (Transferred to Spheropistha)A. metaltissimus (Soares & Camargo, 1948) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. mexicanus Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. miyashitai Tanikawa, 1998 (Transferred to Spheropistha)A. monoceros (Caporiacco, 1947) (Transferred to Synotaxus)A. montanus Keyserling, 1884 (Transferred to Neospintharus)A. morretensis González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. nasicus (Simon, 1873) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. nataliae González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. nigronodosus Rainbow, 1912 (Transferred to Thwaitesia)A. nigroris Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 2000 (Transferred to Spheropistha)A. nipponicus Kumada, 1990 (Transferred to Neospintharus)A. obscurus Keyserling, 1884 (Transferred to Neospintharus)A. orbitus Zhu, 1998 (Transferred to Spheropistha)A. oris González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. ornatissimus (Dyal, 1935) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. pachysomus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. palmarensis González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. paradoxus Taczanowski, 1873 (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. parvior Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. parvus (Exline, 1950) (Transferred to Neospintharus)A. patersoniensis (Hickman, 1927) (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. pavesii (Leardi, 1902) (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. peruensis Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. pignalitoensis González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. pizai (Soares & Camargo, 1948) (Transferred to Faiditus)A. plaumanni Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. pozonae (Schenkel, 1953) (Transferred to Faiditus)A. proboscifer (Exline, 1945) (Transferred to Faiditus)A. pulcher (Soares & Camargo, 1948) (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. pusillus Saaristo, 1978 (Transferred to Argyrodella)A. quasiobtusus Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. recurvatus Saaristo, 1978 (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. remotus (Bryant, 1940) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. rhomboides Yin, Peng & Bao, 2004 (Transferred to Spheropistha)A. rigidus Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. rioensis Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Neospintharus)A. rorerae (Exline, 1945) (Transferred to Faiditus)A. rossi Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. rostratus (Simon, 1873) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. rufopictus (Thorell, 1895) (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. russulus (Simon, 1903) (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. saganus (Dönitz & Strand, 1906) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. schlingeri Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. setipes (Hasselt, 1882) (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. sicki Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. simoni (Petrunkevitch, 1911) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. sinicus Zhu & Song, 1991 (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. sinuatus (Schenkel, 1953) (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. sjostedti (Tullgren, 1910) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. socius Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. solidao Levi, 1967 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. spinicaudatus (Keyserling, 1884) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. spinosus (Badcock, 1932) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. spinosus Keyserling, 1884 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. striatus Keyserling, 1891 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. subflavus Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. sullana (Exline, 1945) (Transferred to Faiditus)A. taeter Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. tanikawai (Yoshida, 2001) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. triangularis Taczanowski, 1873 (Transferred to Neospintharus)A. triangulatus (Urquhart, 1887) (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. triangulus (Thorell, 1887) (Transferred to Ariamnes)A. trigonum (Hentz, 1850) (Transferred to Neospintharus)A. trituberculatus Becker, 1879 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. ululabilis Keyserling, 1891 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. urquharti (Bryant, 1933) (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. v-notatus (Petrunkevitch, 1925) (Transferred to Faiditus)A. vadoensis González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. velhaensis González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to Rhomphaea)A. vexus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. vittatulus (Roewer, 1942) (Transferred to Chrysso)A. woytkowskii Exline & Levi, 1962 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. xiphias Thorell, 1887 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. yacuiensis González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to Faiditus)A. yesoensis Saito, 1934 (Transferred to Octonoba)A. yutoensis González & Carmen, 1996 (Transferred to Faiditus) Nomina dubiaA. meus Strand, 1907A. silvicola'' Saito, 1934 Gallery See also List of Theridiidae species References Further reading Information, picture, Australian distribution of A. incursus External links Photos of Argyrodes in Portugal Araneomorphae genera Cosmopolitan spiders Theridiidae	wiki
The statue of Minerva may refer to: Statue of Minerva, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico Statue of Minerva (Madrid), Spain	wiki
Dystrophic calcinosis cutis is a cutaneous condition characterized by calcification of the skin resulting from the deposition of calcium and phosphorus, and occurs in a preexisting skin lesion of inflammatory process. See also Calcinosis cutis List of cutaneous conditions References Skin conditions resulting from errors in metabolism	wiki
Huffy is the seventh studio album by American indie rock band We Are Scientists. It was released on October 8, 2021, by 100% Records. Track listing References 2021 albums We Are Scientists albums	wiki
Bat-and-ball may refer to: Bat-and-ball games Bat & Ball Inn, Hambledon in Hampshire, England Bat & Ball railway station in Kent, England	wiki
Sessiluncus leei is a species of mite in the family Ologamasidae. References Ologamasidae Articles created by Qbugbot Animals described in 1991	wiki
Carlisle House may refer to: in England Carlisle House, the site of one of London Debating Societies and one of just four places Women in the Enlightenment debated Carlisle House, Soho, either of two late seventeenth-century mansions in Soho Square, London Carlisle House, in Morpeth, Northumberland Carlisle House, Lambeth, a home of Samuel Bradford in the United States (by state then town or city) Kenworthy Hall, also known as the Carlisle-Martin House and Carlisle Hall, NRHP-listed, near Marion, Alabama Carlisle House (Milford, Delaware), listed on the NRHP in Sussex County, Delaware Knights of Pythias Pavilion, in Franklin, Tennessee, NRHP-listed, also known as Carlisle House Tubbs-Carlisle House, Lubbock, Texas, NRHP-listed See also Carlisle Castle, Cumbria, England	wiki
Robert Dwyer may refer to: R. Budd Dwyer (1939–1987), American politician who was the 30th Treasurer of Pennsylvania Robert Joseph Dwyer (1908–1976), American archbishop Bob Dwyer (born 1940), Australian rugby union coach	wiki
Lollipops and Roses may refer to: "Lollipops and Roses" (song), 1962 popular song composed by Tony Velona, recorded by Jack Jones, and others Lollipops and Roses (album), debut studio album recorded in 1962 by Paul Peterson	wiki
Subepidermal calcified nodule is a type of Calcinosis cutis. It's a cutaneous condition characterized by calcification of the skin resulting from the deposition of calcium and phosphorus, occurring most frequently as one or a few skin lesions on the scalp or face of children. Lesions may also appear on the ear and eyelid. See also Ectopic calcification Calcinosis cutis Skin lesion List of cutaneous conditions References Skin conditions resulting from errors in metabolism	wiki
The Legend of Lasseter is a 1979 Australian documentary about Lasseter's Reef. It was produced by Lee Robinson and includes footage from his 1957 episode of High Adventure which he made with Lowell Thomas. References Australian documentary films 1979 films	wiki
Biohazard 4 may refer to: Resident Evil 4, 2005 video game Resident Evil 4 (2023 video game), remake of the 2005 video game Resident Evil: Afterlife, the fourth live-action film in the Resident Evil series, released in 2010. Resident Evil: Death Island, the fourth CG film in the Resident Evil series, releasing in 2023 Biohazard level 4, category to distinguish the severity of biological agents	wiki
Skid boots are used to protect a horse's hind legs during exercise and competition, protecting the fetlocks, pasterns, and other parts of the lower leg from injury that may occur from a sliding stop. Taller varieties may also provide protection if one leg or hoof strikes the opposite leg. They are commonly seen on horses in western riding sports such as cutting, reining and other events where quick stops and fast turns on the hindquarters may be required. Skid boots are usually made of synthetic materials such as Neoprene or traditional materials such as leather. They usually attach by a wide velcro fastening which is pulled around the leg. Some boots may have buckles, especially older designs. They are made in a wide variety of colors and of varying styles. See also Brushing boots Polo wraps Shipping bandages Horse protective equipment	wiki
James Chaney (1943–1964) was one of three civil rights workers killed in Mississippi by members of the Ku Klux Klan. James Chaney may also refer to: James E. Chaney (1885–1967), United States Army officer James M. Chaney (1921–1976), American police officer and witness to President Kennedy's assassination James McDonald Chaney, American Presbyterian minister Jim Chaney, American football coach and player	wiki

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