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This is a list of notable Chinese sauces, encompassing sauces that originated in China or are widely used as cooking ingredients or condiments in Chinese cuisines.
Chinese sauces
These sauces are commonly used as ingredients for dishes in many Chinese cuisines. There may also be regional variations on the sauces, such as seasoned soy sauce or fermented bean curd.
Light soy sauce () – a lighter-colored salty-flavored sauce used for seasoning and not as a dipping sauce
Dark soy sauce () – a darker-colored sauce used for color
Seasoned soy sauce – usually light soy sauce seasoned with herbs, spices, sugar, or other sauces
Sweet bean sauce () – a thick savory paste
Oyster sauce ()
Fermented bean curd () – usually cubes of tofu, and sometimes other spices and seasonings, which are used as a condiment or marinade along with some of the brine
Douchi () – fermented black beans, usually in a brine
Cooking wine ()
Sesame oil ()
Black vinegar ()
White vinegar ()
Cantonese cuisine
Haixian sauce (, Cantonese: Hoisin)
XO sauce – a spicy seafood sauce that originated from Hong Kong. It is commonly used in Cantonese cuisine
Shao Kao sauce (, Cantonese: Siu Haau) – a thick, savory, slightly spicy BBQ sauce generally known as the primary barbecue sauce used within Chinese and Cantonese cuisine.
Shacha sauce () – A sauce or paste that is used as a base for soups, hotpot, as a rub, stir fry seasoning and as a component for dipping sauces.
Cha Shao sauce (, Cantonese: Char Siu)
Plum sauce ()
Fish sauce ()
Hunan cuisine
Duo Jiao () – chopped chilis pickled in a sour brine
Yongfeng chili sauce () - finely chopped chilis that are mixed with flour and bean powder and fermented
Guizhou cuisine
Ci Ba La ()
Zao La ()
Lao Guo La (, Lao Gan Ma is a brand of Guizhou Lao Guo La chili sauces.)
Jiangsu cuisine
Rib sauce ()
Northern Chinese cuisines
Sesame Paste ()
Soy bean Paste / Yellow bean paste ()
Sichuan cuisine
Doubanjiang () – a mix of fermented beans, chilis, salt, and flour used for flavor and color
Chili oil () – usually made by pouring hot oil that's been seasoned with spices onto ground chili flakes and left to steep
Notable exceptions
While Doubanjiang can be considered the "mother sauce" of Sichuan cuisine, there are some prominent flavors in modern Sichuan cooking that are often referenced as sauces but are composed of other ingredients and sauces during cooking. These include:
Yuxiang ()
Mala ()
Guaiwei ()
Taiwanese cuisine
Soy sauce paste
See also
Chinese pickles
List of Chinese desserts
List of Chinese dishes
List of Chinese soups
List of sauces
References
Sauces
Chinese | wiki |
Le théâtre Fontaine peut désigner deux salles parisiennes :
le théâtre Fontaine situé au 10, rue Pierre-Fontaine dans le , inauguré en 1951 ;
La Nouvelle Ève situé au 25 de la même rue, de 1923 à 1924 et de 1931 à 1934. | wiki |
Palmarès
All-NBL Second Team (1947)
Rochester Royals: 1951
Boston Celtics: 1957
All-BAA Second Team (1949)
4 volte NBA All-Star (1952, 1953, 1954, 1955)
Migliore nella percentuale di tiro BAA (1949)
Note
Altri progetti
Collegamenti esterni
Membri del Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame | wiki |
Paddle sport(s), or Paddlesport(s), might refer to;
Paddling, sports that involve the use of paddles to propel a watercraft
Paddle sports, any racket sport that uses a paddle rather than a stringed racket | wiki |
FZS may refer to:
Fellow of the Zoological Society of London
Fort Zumwalt South High School, in Missouri, United States
Frankfurt Zoological Society, in Germany
See also
FZ (disambiguation) | wiki |
Mark Knowles and Daniel Nestor were the defending champions, but lost in Quarterfinals to Wayne Black and Kevin Ullyett.
Black and Ullyett won the title, defeating Bob and Mike Bryan in the final 6–4, 6–2.
Seeds
All seeds received a bye into the second round.
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
External links
Main Draw
Doubles | wiki |
A boat trailer is designed to launch, retrieve, carry and sometimes store boats.
Commercial boat trailers
Commercial hydraulic boat trailers are used by marinas, boat yards, boat haulers, boat dealers and boat builders. Generally this type of trailer is not used for storage of the boat.
Self-propelled
Self-propelled boat movers are not strictly trailers, but hydraulically operated boat movers, with their own tractor unit. They share all of the features of hydraulic boat trailers.
Non-commercial boat trailers
This type of trailer is usually used by the boat owner/operator. The trailer is also used for storage.
Roll-on, also known as a "Roller style trailer", uses rubber and/or polyurethane rollers for ease of launching and loading a boat.
Glide-path, also known as a "Float-on style trailer", allows the boat to float onto the trailer; after the trailer has been partially submerged (usually of the trailer). Since its inception, it has become quite popular compared to the "Roller style trailer".
See also
Boat dolly, a device for launching small boats not suitable for towing.
Dolly (trailer)
Flatbed trolley
Maritime shipping Roll trailer
Trailer sailer
References
Boats
Boat Trailer
Freight transport | wiki |
Stephen Burks may refer to:
Stephen Burks (economist)
Stephen Burks (designer) | wiki |
Taurolithocholic acid is a bile acid.
See also
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid
Bile acids
Cholanes
Sulfonic acids | wiki |
Cherubs (Britse band)
Cherubs (Amerikaanse band) | wiki |
Queen Street is one of the major thoroughfares in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. The street runs north from Argyle Street (parallel to nearby Buchanan Street) until it reaches George Square at the junction with St. Vincent Street. Several local landmarks are located on this street including Royal Exchange Square, with the Gallery of Modern Art at the junction with Ingram Street.
George Square is at the northern end of the street, as is Queen Street Station, the second busiest railway station in Glasgow. With several major streets in the city centre pedestrianised, Queen Street and Ingram Street form part of a major taxi and bus corridor for services travelling to the eastern and southern parts of the city.
See also
2014 Glasgow bin lorry crash
Glasgow Queen Street railway station
List of Category A listed buildings in Glasgow
Merchant City
Tam Shepherds Trick Shop
References
Streets in Glasgow | wiki |
Forensic Factor is a Canadian true crime docuseries, which airs on Discovery Channel Canada, Sun TV, and the Justice Network. The series, which utilizes an anthology format, features forensic techniques and their application in crime-solving by examining notable cases.
Episodes
Season 1 (2003)
Season 2 (2004)
Season 3 (2005)
Season 4 (2007)
Season 5 (2008–09)
Season 6 (2010)
References
2000s Canadian documentary television series
Discovery Channel (Canada) original programming
2003 Canadian television series debuts
2010 Canadian television series endings | wiki |
Skin care is a range of practices that support skin integrity, enhance its appearance, and relieve skin conditions.
Skin care may also refer to
Cosmetics, care substances used to enhance the appearance or odor of the human body
Dermatology, a medical subspecialty
Kangaroo care, or skin-to-skin care, a newborn care technique
Natural skin care, the use of natural ingredients and traditional medicine in skin care | wiki |
The 1994 Trans-Am Series was the 29th season of the Sports Car Club of America's Trans-Am Series.
Results
Championships
Drivers
Scott Pruett – 351 points
Ron Fellows – 307 points
Tommy Kendall – 276 points
Dorsey Schroeder – 276 points
Paul Gentilozzi – 271 points
Manufacturers
Ford – 109 points
Chevrolet – 90 points
References
Trans-Am Series
1994 in American motorsport
Trans-Am Series | wiki |
Joel McNeely (born March 28, 1959) is an American composer, arranger, musician, lyricist, and record producer. A protégé of composer Jerry Goldsmith, he is best known for his film and television scores. He won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Composition for a Series for his work on The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles. He frequently collaborates with Seth MacFarlane and contributes to various projects by The Walt Disney Company.
Biography
Joel McNeely was born in Madison, Wisconsin. Both of his parents were involved in music and theater, and as a child he played the piano, saxophone, bass, and flute. He attended the Interlochen Arts Academy in Michigan, studied jazz at the University of Miami, and earned a master's degree as a composition major at the Eastman School of Music.
LucasArts chose McNeely to compose the soundtrack to the 1996 Star Wars video game, Shadows of the Empire, while incorporating the themes from the films by John Williams. This was an experimental project where he conveyed general moods and themes instead of writing music to flow for specific scenes.
He is also known for conducting a series of re-recordings of film scores by Bernard Herrmann, Franz Waxman, John Barry, and other composers under the label of Varèse Sarabande, including those Herrmann wrote for Vertigo, Psycho and Citizen Kane. He also composed the score for The Avengers and the theme and music for FOX's Dark Angel. Additionally, he scored the movies Terminal Velocity, Iron Will (which was used in the teaser trailer to Toy Story, the theatrical trailer to Balto, the direct-to-video trailer to Balto III: Wings of Change, and the VHS trailer to Mulan), Flipper, Gold Diggers, Samantha, Virus, and I Know Who Killed Me. He also scored a multitude of Disney animated films (Mulan II, Return to Never Land, The Jungle Book 2, Tinker Bell and many others).
Currently McNeely scores occasional episodes of the FOX animated TV series American Dad!, since the fourth season replacing Ron Jones who left to focus more on composing for Family Guy, including the episode with the Back to the Future parody, and the season five premiere (among others).
McNeely is also composed the score for Disneyland Paris'''s Entertainment Shows including: Disney Dreams! & Mickey And The Magician.
McNeely has produced three of Seth MacFarlane's studio albums, including 2011's Music Is Better Than Words, 2014's Holiday for Swing, and 2017's In Full Swing.
In 2017, he composed a score for MacFarlane's new series, The Orville'', along with Bruce Broughton and John Debney.
Filmography
Film
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
Television
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Interview with Joel McNeely at FilmMusicSite.com
1959 births
American classical musicians
American film score composers
American male film score composers
American television composers
Animated film score composers
Animation composers
Classical musicians from Wisconsin
Living people
Male television composers
Musicians from Madison, Wisconsin
Primetime Emmy Award winners
University of Miami alumni | wiki |
The South West African Police (SWAPOL) was the national police force of South West Africa (now Namibia), responsible for law enforcement and public safety in South West Africa when the territory was administered by South Africa. It was organised and structured both as a paramilitary force and as a civil police force.
History
SWAPOL was established following World War I, when the South African government assumed administration of South West Africa under the terms of a League of Nations mandate. Between 1915 and 1919, public security and law enforcement were entrusted to the South African military police. On December 31, 1939, the rule of law returned to South West Africa when SWAPOL was founded as the territory's first civilian law enforcement agency. An investigation department was established in 1920. SWAPOL was disbanded in 1939, and its local units absorbed into the South African Police (SAP).
The SAP responsible for the territory from 1939 to 1981. Until 1981 it was a Provincial Police Region of the SAP, headed by a police lieutenant general. A third of all the policemen in the district were SAP transferrals from South Africa, with the remaining two-thirds being personnel recruited locally. The League of Nations mandate was terminated by the United Nations in 1966, with South Africa from then on illegally occupying South West Africa. SWAPOL was re-established in 1981, after the territory had become self-governing.
Role in Counterinsurgency
The first large scale contact between units of the SWAPOL and the People's Liberation Army of Namibia was in 1968. On July 14, 1968, a Police Patrolling team from Eenhana District Police, led by Sergeant Fourie, W/O Nelumbu, B/Constable Bavingi, Constable Schaefer, Constable Hattingh and B/Constable Kauluma were patrolling the Eenhana-Outapi Highway when their Land Rover jeep came under machine gun fire and grenade attack from a band of guerillas from the bushes. Their jeep tyres having been shot away, Sgt. Fourie and W/O Nelumbu fired back with their side arms (pistols) and a wounded Constable Hattingh brought to bear the lone Sten Gun in the jeep to drive the attack away, in the process rescuing under fire a wounded B/Constable Kauluma, the driver, who had been thrown from the jeep and wounded. Following this attack Police radio patrols in the highway region were strengthened with an additional jeep with 2 Policemen armed with the R1 rifle (A variant of the FN FAL manufactured in South Africa). In 1970 the situation had deteriorated to the extent that all Policemen in the Northern Region were given training in the R1 and the Sten Gun, and the SWAPOL Airwing started twice daily helicopter patrols along the Eenhana-Outapi Road
Until 1970, the arms sanctioned for SWAPOL units were as following - for Police Stations - 25 Batons, 8 Pistols, 3 Sten Guns, 12 Lee Enfield .303 Rifles, and 1 Bren light machine gun. For District Police Reserve Forces - 150 Batons and Shields, 20 Tear Gas Guns, 30 Pistols, 18 Sten Guns, 10 R1 Rifles (introduced from December 1969) 36 Lee Enfield .303 Rifles, 20 Shotguns, and 4 Bren light machine guns. For Mobile Patrol/Flying Squad team - 2 Pistols, 1 Sten Gun, 2 R1 Rifles.
Between 1974 and 1977, all Sten Guns and .303 Rifles were phased out and replaced with R1 Rifles. 4 M2 Browning heavy machine guns, 2 of them mounted on mobile patrol, were also assigned to the District Police Reserve from 1974 onwards, and 1 M2 Browning assigned to each Police Station. From 1978 onwards, 2 105mm Recoilless Rifles were assigned to each Police Circle Reserve. Casspirs were provided at the level of District Reserve from 1982 onwards and at Police Stations from 1984 onwards.
Organization
Until 1981, the organization of the SWAPOL was as follows:
Police Stations (divided into several Outposts, Beats and Mobile Patrols/Flying Squad) led by a Lieutenant or an Inspector,
District Police/Investigation Centres (controlling around 4 Police Stations and having an Armed Reserve) commanded by a Major,
Police Circles (controlling 3 Districts) led by a Colonel,
Regional Police Commands (controlling 2 to 3 Circles or an entire Bantustan) commanded by a Brigadier, and
four Super-Commands of North, South, Coastal and Koevoet, commanded by Major Generals.
The Cities of Walvis Bay and Windhoek were at the level of Super-Command,
The Air Wing was at the level of a Regional Police Command. The Air Wing maintained a Central Fleet of 20 helicopters and a further fleet of 6 helicopters under each of the Regional Commands.
There were other functional and Staff Directorates led by Brigadiers, such as Criminal Investigation, Forensics, Administration, Intelligence, Training, Communications/Wireless, Economic Offences, Personnel, Traffic, Provisioning, and Establishment
Koevoet
SWAPOL's most controversial unit was its counter-insurgency division, which was known officially as SWAPOL-COIN or Operation K, but more commonly referred to as Koevoet. Koevoet was initially an autonomous unit under the nominal authority of the SAP Security Branch, but became part of SWAPOL in 1985. Koevoet worked closely with SWAPOL's own Security Branch in investigating crimes of a political nature, namely politically motivated murders. The unit was better known for its combat operations against insurgents of the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) in Ovamboland, which earned it a formidable reputation. Koevoet's hybrid status as a paramilitary police unit made it something of a legal anomaly; for example, it lacked the mandate to hold insurgents as prisoners of war. Insurgents were technically supposed to be apprehended for trial in open courts as common law criminals. Based on this interpretation, the South West African courts ruled that insurgents captured by Koevoet had to be granted legal representation and could not be detained indefinitely.
With the South African Border War drawing to a close in mid-1989, Koevoet was greatly reduced in size and most of its personnel were reassigned to other divisions by SWAPOL. Additionally, many of the South African personnel were transferred back to the South African Police or the Homeland Forces. In 1988, SWAPOL consisted of 6,500 uniformed personnel, including the 3000-man Koevoet force and the 300-man Air Wing, of which 4000 were local Blacks, 800 were local Whites, 1000 were South African Whites and 700 were South African Blacks. The local Municipal Constabulary, Homeland Guards and Traffic Police were entirely locals, both Black and White Nevertheless, the unit's continued existence was the subject of much controversy, as both current and former Koevoet operators were accused of political intimidation and human rights abuses. United Nations Security Council Resolution 640 explicitly named Koevoet as being a barrier to the peace process in Namibia and demanded its disbandment. SWAPOL dissolved the unit on October 30, 1989.
References
History of Namibia
Law enforcement in Namibia
Organisations associated with apartheid
Apartheid in South West Africa | wiki |
Allen Russell is the 32nd or 33rd largest giant sequoia in the world. It is also the largest tree in Balch County Park, and is part of the Mountain Home Grove, a sequoia grove located in the southern Sierra Nevada mountains of California, United States. It is the 34th largest giant sequoia in the world, and could be considered either the 33rd or 32nd largest depending on how badly Ishi Giant and Black Mountain Beauty have atrophied following devastating wildfires in 2015 and 2017, respectively.
History
Allen Russell was measured in 1985 by "big tree hunter" Wendell Flint and photographer Mike Law, who determined that it was at the time the 34th largest tree in the world, in terms of volume, and the largest tree in Balch Park. Today it ranks as the 33rd largest tree. It was subsequently dedicated in 1990 by Tulare County to Allen I. Russell, the ranger of Balch County Park from 1961 to 1990, for his many years of service to the park.
Dimensions
The dimensions of Allen Russell as measured by Flint and Law are shown below. The calculated volume ignores burns.
See also
List of largest giant sequoias
List of individual trees
Balch Park
Mountain Home Grove
References
External links
Allen Russell tree at famousredwoods.com
Individual giant sequoia trees
Natural history of Tulare County, California | wiki |
Think-pair-share is a collaborative teaching strategy first proposed by Frank Lyman of the University of Maryland in 1981. It can be used to help students form individual ideas, discuss and share with the others in-group. It can be used before reading or teaching a concept and works better with smaller groups.
Process
In think-pair-share strategy the teacher acts as a facilitator, and poses a question or a problem to the students. The students are given sufficient time to think and gather their thoughts, after which the teacher asks them to pair themselves and share their thoughts with each other.
As the students begin to share their thoughts and views, each learns to see the different perspectives of thinking among their peers. By doing so the students' learning is enhanced by the formation and articulation of an idea. This also enables the students to have clarity of thought and have the ability to communicate their thoughts and ideas to another student.
If time permits, the paired students can share their thoughts with other paired students, and teachers can ask one or two pairs to share their ideas with the entire class.
Think-pair-share is designed to help the student to understand the concept of the given topic, develop ability to filter the information and formulate an idea or thought, and draw conclusions. The most important aspect of the think-pair-share is that students will develop the ability to consider and appreciate the different viewpoints of their peers.
Advantages
The process is easy to prepare and takes only a small amount of time to perform in class.
The interaction with students at a personal level is intended to motivate those students who may not be generally interested in the topic.
Different kinds and levels of questions can be asked from lower order to higher order thinking questions.
Teacher can understand the different thought processes of the students while listening to the pairs and when the students share their view at the end.
See also
Cooperative learning
Collaborative learning
References
Teaching | wiki |
Beatrice "BeBe" Shopp, née Beatrice Bella Shopp, le , est couronnée Miss America en 1948.
Références
Source de la traduction
Gagnante de Miss America
Naissance en août 1930 | wiki |
Dungaw is a song written and performed by Gloc-9 and featuring Keiko Necesario. The song was released independently on September 13, 2019.
Track listing
References
2019 songs | wiki |
The Order of Merit of Berlin () is this highest award of the German State of Berlin. Awarded in the name of the Senate of Berlin, the order had recognized outstanding contributions to the State of Berlin since 21 July 1987. Awarded each year on 1 October, the anniversary of the Berlin Constitution, the order is limited to no more than 400 living recipients. As of 2016 the order had been awarded 431 times, to 152 women and 279 men.
Design of the order
The Order of Merit of Berlin is awarded in a single class. The badge of the order is a white enamel Maltese cross edged in red. In the center of the cross is a depiction of the golden crowned Coat of arms of Berlin surrounded by a gold wreath. It is worn around the neck on a white ribbon with red edges.
Notable recipients
Franziska van Almsick
Stefan Arndt
Vladimir Ashkenazy
Seyran Ateş
Hani Azer
Marianne Birthler
Eberhard Diepgen
Paul van Dyk
Rudi Fehr
Klaus and Eva Herlitz
Inge Keller
Don Jackson
Lena Schöneborn
Milan Popadić
Judy Winter
Jenny Wolf
Walter H. Yates, Jr.
Heinz Dürr
See also
List of Holders of the Order of Merit of Berlin (German Wikipedia)
References
Berlin
Berlin
Culture in Berlin | wiki |
Pioneer was the first of three submarines privately developed and paid for by Horace Lawson Hunley, James McClintock, and Baxter Watson.
While the United States Navy was constructing its first submarine, USS Alligator, during the American Civil War in late 1861, the Confederates were doing so as well. Hunley, McClintock and Watson built Pioneer in New Orleans, Louisiana. Pioneer was tested in February 1862 in the Mississippi River, and later was towed to Lake Pontchartrain for additional trials, but the Union advance towards New Orleans the following month prompted the men to abandon development and scuttle Pioneer in the New Basin Canal on 25 April 1862. The team followed with , built after they relocated to Mobile, Alabama.
The scuttled Pioneer was raised and examined by Union troops. The Times-Picayune of New Orleans of 15 February 1868 reported Pioneer had been sold for scrap.
The Bayou St. John submarine, now in the collection of the Louisiana State Museum, was for decades misidentified as Pioneer. The Bayou St. John submarine and Pioneer may have undergone trials at about the same time and confusion between the two may date back to contemporary accounts; it is not clear which of the two was constructed first.
A life-size model of Pioneer can be viewed and explored at Maritime Museum Louisiana, in Madisonville, Louisiana.
References
Submarines of the Confederate States Navy
Louisiana in the American Civil War
Pioneer (sub)
Hand-cranked submarines
Scuttled vessels
Shipwrecks of the American Civil War
Shipwrecks of the Mississippi River
Maritime incidents in April 1862
1862 ships | wiki |
The New Year's Cup is an annual international figure skating competition. It is held in January in Bratislava, Slovakia. Medals are awarded in the disciplines of men's and ladies' singles. An ice dancing event was also included in 2013.
Senior medalists
Men
Ladies
Ice dancing
Junior medalists
Men
Ladies
Advanced novice medalists
Men
Ladies
References
External links
Official website: New Year's Cup
Slovak Figure Skating Association
International Skating Union
Figure skating competitions
Figure skating in Slovakia | wiki |
Solo Piano may refer to:
Solo Piano (Jaki Byard album), 1969
Solo Piano (Toshiko Akiyoshi album), 1971
Solo Piano (Tommy Flanagan album), 1974
Solo Piano (Phineas Newborn, Jr. album), 1975
Solo Piano Album, a 1975 recording by jazz pianist Don Pullen
Solo Piano (Philip Glass album), 1989
Solo Piano, a 2004 album by Gonzales
Miscellaneous solo piano compositions (Rachmaninoff)
See also
Piano solo, a musical composition written solely for piano
Piano Solo, code name for an envisaged plot for an Italian coup in 1964 | wiki |
In basketball, a field goal is a basket scored from an action on the playing court except free throws. The National Basketball Association's (NBA) field goal percentage leader is the player with the highest field goal percentage in a given season. To qualify as a field goal percentage leader, the player must have attempted at least 300 field goals. Aside from the lockout shortened 1998–99 and 2011–12 seasons, as well as the pandemic shortened 2019–20 and 2020–21 seasons, this has been the entry criteria since the 1974–75 season.
Key
Annual leaders
Notes
References
General
Specific
National Basketball Association lists
National Basketball Association statistical leaders | wiki |
The transport length in a strongly diffusing medium (noted l*) is the length over which the direction of propagation of the photon is randomized. It is related to the mean free path l by the relation:
with:
g: the asymmetry coefficient. or averaging of the scattering angle θ over a high number of scattering events.
g can be evaluated with the Mie theory.
If g=0, l=l*. A single scattering is already isotropic.
If g→1, l*→infinite. A single scattering doesn't deviate the photons. Then the scattering never gets isotropic.
This length is useful for renormalizing a non-isotropic scattering problem into an isotropic one in order to use classical diffusion laws (Fick law and Brownian motion). The transport length might be measured by transmission experiments and backscattering experiments.
References
External links
Illustrated description (movies) of multiple light scattering and application to colloid stability
Scattering, absorption and radiative transfer (optics)
Colloids | wiki |
Mallow with lamb () is a dish from the Aegean coast and Aegean Sea islands among both Turkish and Greek people.
See also
List of lamb dishes
References
Turkish cuisine
Cretan cuisine
Lamb dishes | wiki |
The nucleus proprius is a layer of the spinal cord adjacent to the substantia gelatinosa. The nucleus proprius can be found in the gray matter in all levels of the spinal cord. It constitutes the first synapse of the spinothalamic tract carrying pain and temperature sensations from peripheral nerves. Cells in this nucleus project to deeper laminae of the spinal cord, to the posterior column nuclei, and to other supraspinal relay centers including the midbrain, thalamus, and hypothalamus. Rexed laminae III and IV make up the nucleus proprius.
The nucleus proprius (NP), along with the substantia gelatinosa of Rolando are involved in sensing pain and temperature.
See also
Rexed laminae
References
External links
Diagram at pixelatedbrain.com
Spinal cord | wiki |
A harpy is a female monster in Greek mythology.
Harpy or harpies may also refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media
Harpy (DC Comics mythical), a character in DC Comics introduced in Green Lantern
Harpy (Denise de Sevigne), a character in DC Comics introduced in Star-Spangled War Stories
Harpy (Iris Phelios), a character in DC Comics introduced in Batman
Harpy (Xishuangbanna Theme Park), a steel roller coaster in China
Harpy, a character in Puyo Puyo
Marlo Chandler or the Harpy, a character in Marvel Comics
Betty Ross or the Harpy, a character in Marvel Comics
Harpy Valentine, a minor character from Saint Seiya
Harpies (film), a 2007 American television film
Other uses
Fountain of the Harpies, Madrid
Harpy eagle, a species of eagle
IAI Harpy, an unmanned aerial vehicle
See also
Happy (disambiguation)
Harp (disambiguation)
Sharpie (disambiguation) | wiki |
Summer Madness may refer to:
"Summer Madness" (instrumental), a 1974 instrumental tune by Kool & the Gang
"Summer Madness" (Lead song), 2006
Summer Madness (festival), a Christian festival in Northern Ireland
the UK release title of the 1955 Katharine Hepburn film Summertime
Angry Birds: Summer Madness, an animated television series | wiki |
The 130th New York Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Service
The 130th New York Volunteer Infantry was mustered into service at Portage, New York, by Lt. Col. Thomas J. Thorp in September 1862. Consisting of ten companies, the men were recruited from Allegany, Livingston, and Wyoming counties and placed under the command of Col. Alfred Gibbs.
The regiment left New York on August 6, 1862, and arrived in Suffolk, Virginia, on August 13 where it was assigned to the 1st Division, VII Corps of the Army of the Potomac. The 1st Division was commanded by Gen. Michael Corcoran. The 130th New York was engaged at the Battle of Deserted House and took part in the Siege of Suffolk in April and May 1863.
The regiment was converted to cavalry on July 28, 1863, and designated as the 19th Regiment New York Volunteer Cavalry. The 19th Cavalry was officially re-designated as the 1st Regiment New York Dragoons on September 10, 1863. The 130th New York had the distinction of being the only Union army volunteer regiment which was converted entirely from infantry to cavalry during the Civil War.
See also
1st Regiment New York Dragoons
List of New York Civil War regiments
Notes
References
The Civil War Archive
New York State Military Museum and Veterans Research Center - Civil War – 1st Dragoons Regiment
Infantry 130
1862 establishments in New York (state)
Military units and formations established in 1862
Military units and formations disestablished in 1863
1863 disestablishments in New York (state) | wiki |
The Psoriasis Index of Quality of Life (PSORIQoL) is a patient-reported outcome measure which determines the quality of life of patients with psoriasis. It is based on a needs-based approach to quality of life.
Background
The Psoriasis Index of Quality of Life (PSORIQOL) was published in 2003 by Galen Research. The development of the PSORIQOL was a joint effort between the University of Verona, Erasmus University Rotterdam and the University of Sheffield. The content of the PSORIQOL was derived from 62 qualitative interviews with psoriasis patients. The interview transcripts from the three countries were then analyzed for items for the questionnaire. The rest of the development of the PSORIQoL took place in the United Kingdom. Face and content validity of the selected items were determined by a focus group and further interviews. The PSORIQoL was then completed by two new samples of psoriasis patients by mail, in order to confirm validity and reliability. The result was a 25 item questionnaire.
International use
The PSORIQOL has been recognized by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence as a suitable tool for assessing the impact of psoriasis on the patient. It has also been used in clinical studies investigating new treatments.
References
Psoriasis | wiki |
Cola chicken is a chicken dish popular in Hong Kong, prepared with chicken and cola soft drink as main ingredients. The cola is typically mixed with another ingredient, such as soy sauce, barbecue sauce or ketchup. It can be prepared with regular or diet cola. As the dish cooks, the sauce reduces, accentuating the cola flavor and creating a glaze in the process. It is sometimes prepared as a chicken wing dish. It can have a sticky texture, depending on how it is prepared. Cola chicken has been described as a dish that has flavor elements of sweet and sour, and the cola has been described as imparting a rich flavor to the chicken meat.
There have been two accounts regarding the origin of the dish. According to one, a cook in Jinan, Shandong accidentally tipped over a can of Coca-Cola into a pot of braised chicken wings. He discovered the unique taste of cola with chicken and soy sauce, and soon it became popular. In another story, cola chicken was already made in Western countries with tomato sauce. It was introduced to Taiwan, where tomato sauce was replaced with soy sauce.
See also
List of chicken dishes
References
External links
BBQ Cola Chicken Skewers. Today.
Cola
American Chinese chicken dishes | wiki |
Arkys cornutus is een spinnensoort in de taxonomische indeling van de wielwebspinnen (Araneidae).
Het dier behoort tot het geslacht Arkys. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1872 door Ludwig Carl Christian Koch.
Wielwebspinnen | wiki |
Rigatoni con la pajata (Romanesco dialect; standard Italian rigatoni con la pagliata ) is a classic dish of the Roman cuisine. The dish can be found in some traditional trattorias in Rome. Pajata is the term for the intestines of an unweaned calf, i.e., only fed on its mother's milk. The intestines are cleaned and skinned, but the chyme is left inside. Then the intestine is cut in pieces 20–25 cm long, which are bound together with white thread, forming rings. When cooked, the combination of heat and the enzyme rennet in the intestines coagulates the chyme and creates a sort of thick, creamy, cheese-like sauce. These rings can be served simply seasoned and grilled (pajata arrosto) or in the traditional Roman dish in which pajata is stewed in a typical tomato sauce and served with rigatoni.
See also
References
Bibliography
Pasta dishes
Offal
Cuisine of Lazio | wiki |
Tap dance makes frequent use of syncopation. Tap dance choreographies typically start on the eighth beat, or between the eighth and the first count.
Styles
Tap was formed from other types of dancing, such as ballet, jazz and contemporary clogging.
Hoofers are tap dancers who dance only with their feet, making a louder, more grounded sound. This kind of tap dancing is also called "rhythm tap".
Another aspect of tap dancing is improvisation. This can either be done with music and follow the beats provided or without musical accompaniment, otherwise known as a cappella dancing. Tap dancers often work with musicians to weave rhythm and musical composition, usually jazz music, to create improvisation. Improv jams take place in communities around the world where tap dancers and musicians exchange and experiment with improv.
Steps
There is no universal terminology for tap techniques and steps. The following includes descriptions of steps that are well known, although the names may vary.
Steps with one sound
tap: tap the ball or pad of the foot against the floor, use your ankle not your whole leg.
heel tap: strike the heel of the foot on the floor and release it immediately.
step: place the ball of the foot on the floor with a change of weight.
touch: place the ball of the foot on the floor without change of weight.
stamp: place the flat foot on the floor with a change of weight. Foot stays on floor.
stomp: place the flat foot on the floor, lift foot off floor (no change of weight).
(heel) dig: place the heel on the floor, keeping the ball off the floor (with or without change of weight).
heel (drop): standing on the balls of one or both feet, "drop" the heel on the floor, with or without change of weight.
ball (drop):standing on the heels of one or both feet, "drop" the ball on the floor, with or without change of weight.
toe: hit the floor with the tip of the foot, usually behind the other foot, without change of weight.
toe stand: stand on one or both tips of the feet. This requires fairly stiff tap shoes.
hop: standing on one foot, jump up and land on the same foot.
leap: standing on one foot, jump up and land on the other foot.
jump: standing on one or both feet, jump up and land on both feet.
brush: standing on one leg sweep the opposite leg forward or backward from the hip striking the ball of the foot. (Backward aka "spank")
scuff: as a brush, but striking the floor with the heel instead of the ball of the foot,
chug:
flam:
Steps with two sounds
ball heel: strike the ball of the foot on the floor and drop your heel.
shuffle: combine two brushes, one forward and one backward. A faster shuffle can be achieved by making smaller movements that are closer to the body. There are actually many different ways to perform a shuffle. Broadway-style shuffles use knee movement to swing the foot into a shuffle. Hoofers generally execute a shuffle from movement in the upper leg and hip. While a faster shuffle may seem to come from the ankle, it is actually much easier to get speed and clarity from the hip, which is why this method is preferred.
scuffle or paddle: combine a scuff with a backward brush.
flap: brush forward and a step (which is striking the ball of the foot on the floor with a change of weight; similar to a walking step, only done on the ball of the foot—the heel does not touch the floor). The flap is often counted as "& 1." It is similar to the shuffle, but instead of brushing the ball back after the brush forward, the dancer steps (i.e. brush step instead of brush brush, as in a shuffle).
slap: brush forward and a touch, similar to the flap but without change of weight.
pickup: placing the heel of the foot on the ground and slapping the ball of the foot where the heel was in a picking up motion.
pullback: standing on the balls of one or both feet, jump up, hitting the ground with the ball(s) of the foot/feet, and land on the same foot (or again both feet), slapping your feet while in the air and landing on the foot/feet. Notable variations are single pullback, double pullback, alternating pullback, and other variations including other steps.
riff: standing on one leg, swing the other leg to the front, first hitting the ground with the ball of the foot, then with the heel.
ball change: two steps on alternating feet. The first step does not get full weight.
Steps with three sounds
riffle: a riff combined with a backward brush.
ripple: using only the toe tap of one foot, striking with the outer edge of the tap, followed by the inner edge, followed by the ball of the foot.
slurp: one foot is placed on the floor with or without weight, first hitting with the ball, then with the heel, then again with the ball. This step is usually very fast with precision.
three beat shuffle:the same movement as a two beat shuffle except with a heel
Steps with four sounds
Cramp roll: Steps and heel drops can be combined to make a cramp roll which produces a rolling sound like a horse gallop or a drum roll. It is performed by doing two steps (right then left or vice versa), followed by two heel drops (right then left or vice versa), releasing the first heel immediately upon completion. In other words, it is performed as "ball (R) ball (L) heel (R) heel (L)" and is often counted as "1 and a 2." It may be preceded by a brush (counted as "& 1 & a 2" and known as a flap cramp roll or 5-cramp roll) or done double time, known as a "bite cramproll" and counted as "a & a 1."
paradiddle: a scuffle, followed by step heel, all on the same foot.
riff walk: a riff, followed by a dig-ball on the same foot. Can be extended to a 5-sound riff walk by inserting a heel on the other foot between the riff and the dig-ball.
Four beat shuffle: a shuffle with four beats, with relaxed movement of the foot.
Irish: Named for its resemblance to Irish jigs. A shuffle followed by a hop on the standing foot, then the working foot crosses either in front or in back.
All tap dancing steps are a combination of simple movements that build upon each other. Most movements, simple and complex, include "taps", "drops", "brushes" (including shuffles and flaps), and "steps". For example, "shuffle ball change" is a shuffle followed by a ball change. Tap dancing steps may be learned and mastered by children and adults alike and are a good way to express/learn rhythm, dance, and percussion.
See also
Maxie Ford
Time step
Tap dance
Dance technique
Articles containing video clips | wiki |
Sutton Place may refer to:
Canada
Sutton Place Hotel, a former hotel in Toronto, Ontario
The Sutton Place, a hotel in Vancouver, British Columbia
England
Sutton Place, Hackney, a Georgian terrace in London
Sutton Place, Surrey, a country house
United States
Sutton Place, Manhattan, a neighborhood in New York City
York Avenue and Sutton Place, the street for which the neighborhood is named | wiki |
Wilder Park may refer to:
Wilder Park (Jacksonville, Florida)
Wilder Park, Louisville, Kentucky | wiki |
Standard Interchange Format, called SIF, is a geospatial data exchange format. A standard or neutral format used to move graphics files between DOD Project 2851 and is currently codified in Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata maintained by the Federal Geographic Data Committee.
Unit 69 of the NCGIA Core Corriculum in GIS states that SIF is a "popular data exchange format for many GIS packages" and was "developed to support exchange of data between Intergraph and other systems."
Navteq uses Standard Interchange Format (SIF)
Another example of data available in SIF format can be found online from the NASA's BOREAS project that also claims that the SIF format is "not well documented."
Additional criticism of SIF, along with recognition of SIF's ubiquity and utility for exchanging data, is acknowledged in the online journal article "Is a Standard Terrain Data Format Necessary?"
See also
Map database management
References
External links
Geocodes | wiki |
was a Japanese collectible card game created by Bushiroad. The first products began releasing simultaneously worldwide from January 24, 2014.
On June 15, 2020, Bushiroad announced it would end production of the card game, with the final new product release occurring on September 25, 2020 and official tournaments continuing through June 2021.
An anime television series adaptation by OLM, Inc. and Dentsu began airing from January 4, 2014. An English version produced by Bushiroad and Ocean Productions is airing in Singapore as well as being streamed worldwide via YouTube. A manga adaptation was serialized in Shogakukan's CoroCoro Comic from November 2013 to April 2018. It was followed by a manga series Shin Future Card Buddyfight from May 2018 to February 2019. It is published in English by Shogakukan Asia. The English dub formerly aired in Canada.
The first season ended on April 4, 2015, and was followed by a sequel series, Future Card Buddyfight Hundred, which ran from April 11, 2015, to March 26, 2016. Future Card Buddyfight Hundred was followed by Future Card Buddyfight Triple D which ran from April 1, 2016 to March 24, 2017. After the airing of Future Card Buddyfight Hundred episode 25, it was announced on the official YouTube channel that all episodes from that point and onwards will be in Japanese only with English subtitles. It was followed by Future Card Buddyfight X, which ran from April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018 and the dub resumed on April 15, 2017. Future Card Buddyfight X was followed by Future Card Buddyfight X: All-Star Fight which ran from April 7, 2018 to May 26, 2018. Future Card Buddyfight X: All-Star Fight was followed by Future Card Buddyfight Ace (Future Card Shin Buddyfight) which ran from June 2, 2018 to March 30, 2019.
The Future Card Buddyfight Ace anime series ended in April 2019 and continued in the monthly manga – Bessatsu CoroCoro Comic Special from April 30, 2019 to early 2020.
Future Card Buddyfight Ace was released on Kabillion on September 27, 2019. This is the first time that a Future Card Buddyfight series has aired on American television. The original anime would also be released on Kabillion.
In January 2020, the digital distribution rights to the franchise were acquired by Kidtagious Entertainment which has released the anime on multiple streaming platforms.
Characters
Original Generation
The main protagonist of the series. While his fate is unknown as he doesn't appear in Ace, he is mentioned in the beginning.
Hailing from the Dragon World, he is Gao Mikado's Buddy.
A prodigy Buddy Police.
Tasuku Ryuenji's Buddy.
Gao's friend and supporter.
Gao's friend and supporter.
Gao's rival.
Commentator.
Gao's little sister.
Buddy Police officer.
Zanya's little brother.
New Generation
He is the main protagonist of the Ace anime and the son of Gao Mikado and Paruko Mikado, older brother of Haru, cousin of Ion Nanana, grandson of Takashi and Suzumi Mikado and great-grandson of Hanae Juumonji.
Yuga's best friend and the co-founder of RanGa Channel.
Anime series notes
In episode 4, characters from Cardfight!! Vanguard make special cameo appearances such as Aichi Sendou, Kamui Katsuragi, Ren Suzugamori, Toshiki Kai and Tetsu Shinjo. Misaki Tokura (who is voiced by Izumi Kitta in Japanese and Carol-Anne Day in English (both of whom also voice roles in the Japanese and English versions of Buddyfight) is the only one who has a spoken line.
Anime
The TV animation was released in Japan on TV Tokyo and affiliates on January 4, 2014, with the animation done by OLM, Inc. Bushiroad simulcasts an English dub in Singapore, Malaysia, and in North America through YouTube, Hulu, and Crunchyroll. Canada's Teletoon aired the English dub from January 8, 2015 to September 7, 2015. It returned to Teletoon from October 2015 to February 2016. As with their first series, Cardfight!! Vanguard, Bushiroad is airing the series in English on YouTube and Hulu. As of episode 17, the dub is also airing on Crunchyroll. The English airings are delayed from the Japanese airings by a few hours and are considered the same day simulcast, but due to the time difference between Japan and the States, the English airdate ends up being a day ahead of the Japanese airing. The English dub for Hundred went on a hiatus on October 2, 2015.
Trading card game
Products
Booster Pack
1 box of booster packs contains 30 booster packs. Each pack contains 5 random cards. The rarities of cards are categorized into Common (C), Uncommon (UC), Rare (R), Double Rare (RR), Triple Rare (RRR), Buddy Rare (BR) and Special Parallel (SP).
List of Booster Packs
BT01 – : Released on January 31, 2014
BT02 – : Released on April 5, 2014
BT03 – : Released on July 4, 2014
BT04 – : Released on October 10, 2014
BT05 – : Released on January 30, 2015
List of Hundred Booster Packs
H-BT01 – Neo Enforcer Ver.E: Released on May 1, 2015
H-BT02 – Galaxy Burst: Released on July 17, 2015
H-BT03 – Assault of the Omni Lords: Released on October 16, 2015
H-BT04 – Mikado Evolution: Released on January 22, 2016
List of Triple D Booster Packs
BP-BT01 – Unleash! Impact Dragon!!: Released on April 15, 2016
BP-BT02 – Roar! Invincible Dragon!!: Released on July 22, 2016
BP-BT03 – Annihilate!! Great Demonic Dragon!!: Released on October 21, 2016
BT-BT04 – Shine! Super Sun Dragon!!: Released on December 23, 2016
List of Triple D Booster Pack Alternatives
BP-A01 – Buddy Rave: Released on June 24, 2016
BP-A02 – Four Dimensions: Released on September 23, 2016
List of Triple D Climax Booster Packs
CBT-01 – Dragon Fighters: Released on February 24, 2017
List of X Booster Packs
BP-X01 – The Dark Lord's Rebirth: Released on April 21, 2017
BP-X02 – Chaos Control Crisis: Released on July 14, 2017
BP-X03 – Overturn! Thunder Empire!: Released on October 20, 2017
BP-X04 – Rainbow Striker: Released on December 22, 2017
List of X Booster Pack Alternatives
CBT-A01 – Crossing Generations: Released on June 16, 2017
CBT-A02 – Evolution & Mutation: Released on August 25, 2017
CBT-A03 – LVL Up! Heroes & Adventurers!: Released on September 22, 2017
CBT-A04 – New World Chaos: Released on March 23, 2018
List of X Climax Booster Packs
CBT-01 – Driven to Disorder: Released on February 23, 2018
List of X2 Booster Packs
BP-X201 – Buddy Legends: Released on April 20, 2018
List of X2 Booster Pack Alternatives
BP-X2A01 – Solar Strife: Released on June 8, 2018
List of Ace Booster Packs
BP-A01 – Gargantua Awakened: Released on August 31, 2018
BP-A02 – Dimension Destroyer: Released on November 2, 2018
BP-A03 – Buddy Lineage: Released on December 14, 2018
BP-A04 – True Awakening of Deities: Released on January 11, 2019
List of Ace Ultimate Booster Packs
BP-AU01 – Superhero Wars Ω -Advent of Cosmoman!-: Released on September 14, 2018
BP-AU02 – Miracle Fighters ~Miko & Mel~: Released on September 14, 2018
List of Ace Climax Booster Packs
S-CBT01 – Golden Garga: Released on March 1, 2019
S-CBT02 – Violence Vanity: Released on March 1, 2019
Character Pack
1 box of character packs contains 30 character packs. Each pack contains 5 random cards. The rarities of cards are categorized into Common (C), Uncommon (U), Rare (R), Double Rare (RR), Triple Rare (RRR), Buddy Rare (BR), SECRET, and Special Parallel (SP)
List of Character Packs
CP01 – : Released on March 14, 2014
Extra Pack
1 box of extra packs contains 15 booster packs. Each pack contains 5 random cards. The rarities of cards are categorized into Common (C), Uncommon (UC), Rare (R), Double Rare (RR), Triple Rare (RRR), Buddy Rare (BR) and Special Parallel (SP).
List of Extra Packs
EB01 – : Released on June 6, 2014
EB02 – : Released on September 12, 2014
List of Hundred Extra Packs
H-EB01 – Miracle Impack!: Released on June 12, 2015
H-EB02 – Shadow Hero: Released on August 14, 2015
H-EB03 – Lord of Hundred Thunders: Released on September 25, 2015
H-EB04 – Buddy Allstars+: Released on December 18, 2015
Perfect Pack
1 box of perfect packs contain 10 perfect packs. Each pack contains 6 random cards. The rarities of cards are categorized into Double Rare (RR), and Buddy Rare (BR). The RR cards are in a golden print.
List of Perfect Packs
PP01 – Golden Buddy Pack Ver.E: Released on March 6, 2015
List of Hundred Perfect Packs
H-PP01 – Terror of the Inverse Omni Lords: Released on February 26, 2016
Start Deck
A pre-constructed starter deck contains 52 pre-set cards. Life counter, rule book, and playmat are included as well.
List of Triple D Start Decks
SD01 – Scorching Sun Dragon: Released on March 4, 2016
SD02 – Cross Dragoner: Released on March 4, 2016
SD03 – Hollow Black Dragon: Released on March 4, 2016
List of X Start Decks
SDX01 – Demon Dragon Lord of Tempest: Released on April 21, 2017
SDX02 – Dragon Fielder: Released on April 21, 2017
List of S Start Decks
SDS01 – Dradeity: Released on July 27, 2018
SDS02 – Triangulum Galaxy: Released on July 27, 2018
SDS03 – Spiral Linkdragon Order: Released on July 27, 2018
Trial Deck
A pre-constructed trial deck contains 52 pre-set cards. Life counter, rule book, and playmat are included as well.
List of Trial Decks
TD01 – : Released on January 24, 2014
TD02 – : Released on January 24, 2014
TD03 – Dragonic Force: Released on March 28, 2014
TD04 – Braves Explosion: Released on July 4, 2014
TD05 – Ninja Onslaught: Released on July 4, 2014
TD06 – Dark Pulse: Released on October 10, 2014
TD07 – Tomorrow! Asmodai: Released on January 23, 2015
List of Hundred Trial Decks
H-SD01 – Crimson Fist: Released on April 24, 2015
H-SD02 – Radiant Force: Released on April 24, 2015
H-SD03 – Dragonic Star: Released on July 10, 2015
H-SD04 – Malicious Demons: Released on July 10, 2015
List of Triple D Trial Decks
H-TD01 – Dragon Emperor of the Colossal Ocean: Released on July 15, 2016
List of Triple D Special Series Decks
H-SS03 – Golden Buddy Champion Box: Released on December 2, 2016
List of X Trial Decks
X-TD01 – Decimating Black Dragon: Released on July 14, 2017
X-TD02 – Ruler of Havoc: Released on July 14, 2017
X-TD03 – Thunderous Warlords Alliance: Released on October 20, 2017
List of X Special Series Decks
X-TD04 – Duel Chest: Released on December 8, 2017
List of Ace Special Series Decks
A-SS01 – Lost Dimension: Released on October 5, 2018
A-SS02 – 3 Garga Decks! Impact! Triple Punisher: Released on December 7, 2018
List of Ace Trial Decks
S-TD01 – Draknight: Released on April 26, 2019
Organized Play
Support for the organized play program is provided by Bushiroad.
Tournaments and workshops are available in Europe, the United States and Asia-Oceania region. A special promotional card is given to participants of the workshops or tournaments.
Organizers of the events are given a choice between a best-of-1 format and a best-of-3 format for the monthly sanctioned tournaments.
Lawsuit
On January 8, 2021, it was announced Bushiroad is currently suing Future Card Buddyfight creator Yoshimasa Ikeda and his company Studio Ikecchi for disseminating confidential information about the franchise and copyright infringement and credibility damage to the company. Ikeda had continuously used images from Future Card Buddyfight without Bushiroad's permission.
References
External links
2014 anime television series debuts
2015 anime television series debuts
2016 anime television series debuts
2017 anime television series debuts
2018 anime television series debuts
Japanese children's animated action television series
Japanese children's animated science fiction television series
Bushiroad
Card games introduced in 2014
Collectible card games
Card games in anime and manga
OLM, Inc.
IG Port franchises
Shogakukan franchises
Shogakukan manga
Shōnen manga
Xebec (studio) | wiki |
Khuda o Khoda (in persiano: خدا ) è una parola persiana che significa «Dio».
Molte volte è usata anche nel'urdu e nell'hindi, nonostante oggi la parola araba "Allah" sia più comune nei testi iranici.
La frase Khuda Hafiz, che significa Dio sia il tuo Guardiano è una frase di addio tradizionale del farsi e del curdo, in uso anche presso alcune popolazioni afghane e tra i musulmani dell'Asia meridionale.
Voci correlate
Allah
Linguistica comparata
Islam
Lessico islamico | wiki |
130th Regiment may refer to:
130th Regiment of Foot, a disestablished unit of the British Army (1794-96)
130th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment, a unit of the Union (North) Army during the American Civil War | wiki |
The gag bit is a type of bit for a horse. Because the cheek piece and reins attach to different rings (instead of freely moving on the same ring, like in a snaffle bit) there is leverage action. Severity of leverage action depends on where the reins attach. For example, in a Dutch Gag, the further the rein attachment from the mouthpiece the greater the leverage. The gag bit is related to a Pelham bit and a double bridle but the gag bit has no curb strap.
Some styles of gag bit are integral to a special bridle, known as a gag bridle; others are used with a standard bridle. Inside the horse's mouth, the gag bit may be jointed like a snaffle bit or smooth like a Mullen mouth bit.
Usage
The gag bit works on the horse's lips and poll simultaneously. The pressure on the lips tends to make the horse raise its head, which is useful for a horse that tends to lean on the bit. Gag bits are used mainly for horses that are strong pullers or for horses that need retraining. Gag bits are most commonly seen in polo, eventing (especially for cross-country), show jumping, and hacking, mainly for increased control at times where a horse may be excited or try to run off with the rider.
They can also be used to help elevate a horse that is heavy on its front end.
They are not permitted at any level of dressage(only snaffles are permitted in dressage), since dressage riders are trying to get the horse to come down onto the bit, and want to encourage the horse to accept contact. Additionally, the horse is supposed to be completely submissive in dressage, and a gag bit gives the impression that it is not. Gags are also never seen in the hunter arena, again because riders wish to portray that the horse is an easy ride, and because the ideal is a long, relaxed frame with the neck stretched out, rather than a high neck.
Gag bits are also occasionally seen in western-style competition, usually in the form of a sliding mouthpiece on a shanked curb-style bit (similar to the American gag).
The gag bit normally is used with two sets of reins; one on the bit ring that does not apply gag leverage, and the other on the small ring attached to the cord or rolled leather strap of the gag bridle cheekpiece. This allows for the bit to be used as a normal snaffle, with gag action used only when needed. Polo players, who must ride with the reins in one hand and cannot make instant fine adjustments, often use a gag bit with draw reins.
Types
Gag snaffle
Similar in shape to a snaffle, with a mouthpiece and a ring on either side. Each bit ring has two holes: one on the top and one on the bottom. Gag cheekpieces, made of rounded leather or of rope, are run through these holes. The end on these cheekpieces, after passing through both holes, have a metal ring to which the reins are attached. When rein pressure is applied, the bit slides upward and rotates slightly in the mouth. Severity is determined by the ring size: the larger the rings, the more severe the gag. The gag snaffle includes the Balding gag, which has a loose-ring design, and Cheltenham gags which have an eggbutt design. A "gag snaffle" is not a snaffle bit, although it can be adjusted to act like one if the rider only attaches a rein to the bit rings and not to the sliding gag cheekpieces.
Dutch gag
Also known as the Continental, Three/Four-ring or Pessoa gag. Similar to the elevator, except the cheekpieces consist of stacked rings. There is usually only one ring above the mouthpiece, to which the cheekpiece is attached. The ring below that is attached straight to the mouthpiece, and acts similarly to a snaffle. The lower ring(s), of which there are usually two, are for a second rein to be attached, and they provide the gag action. The lower the second rein is placed on the stack, the more "leverage" (raising of the mouthpiece up along the cheekpiece) is applied. Dutch gags are useful because they provide options for the severity of the bit. The bridle cheek pieces are attached to the top rings to produce pressure.the lower the reins are fitted, the stronger the leverage action on the horses mouth.
American gag or elevator
Has the shape of an "H". It has one ring on the upper shank, to attach the cheekpiece of the bridle. There is a lower shank, for the gag rein, and a middle loop to which it is possible to attach a snaffle rein. The mouthpiece has the ability to slide up the curved sides of the bit as the reins are taken up, putting pressure on the corners of the mouth and encouraging the horse to raise his head. Unlike the Dutch gag, the American gag does not offer options for the height the reins may be attached. The American Gag bit applies pressure to the poll of a horse's head, to gain greater control of the horse. Using this bit for greater control should only be used as a last resort.
Half-ring or Duncan gag
A particularly severe type of gag. Similar to the snaffle gag, except it has a half ring. The ring ends have holes, through which the cheekpieces run. Unlike the snaffle gag, however, there is no connection between these two holes to the outside of the bit, so only the gag rein can be used (if two were used, the snaffle rein would have to attach to the rounded cheekpieces).
References
Bits (horse) | wiki |
The 1984 Buffalo Bills season was the franchise's 15th season in the National Football League, and the 25th overall. The team started the season with eleven consecutive losses before an upset home win over Dallas in Week 12. The 1984 Bills gave up a team-record 454 points on defense, an average of more than 28 per game. The Bills gave up 30+ points eight times and allowed fewer than 20 points in a game only three times all season. The Bills also allowed sixty quarterback sacks, for a total of 554 yards, the most-ever at the time. The Bills’ 4,341 total yards gained was second-worst in the league in 1984 (only the Colts gained fewer total yards). The 1984 Bills are one of only two NFL teams to have been outscored by 25 points six different times during the season. This season is notable for being Pete Carroll’s first NFL coaching experience. The Bills failed to win a single road game.
Offseason
Uniform change
For the third time in team history, the Bills changed their helmets. While keeping the streaking buffalo logo from the second change, the Bills changed their helmet color from white to red. They would keep the red helmet through the 2010 season. It was the Bills first major change to their helmets since changing from the "standing Bison" to the streaking buffalo before the 1974 season. Since three of the Bills' four AFC Eastern division opponents—Miami, Indianapolis and New England—then had white helmets (the Jets wore green helmets, but would wear white ones from 1998-2018; the Patriots have used silver helmets since 1993), "it was easier for [Ferguson] to distinguish and that's the reason why we made the switch." Ferguson had thrown a high number of interceptions over the previous two seasons, and coach Kay Stephenson hoped it would help the quarterback reduce them. Ironically, 1984 was Ferguson's last year with the Bills, and only year with the red helmets; Ferguson, after 107 consecutive starts dating to the 1977 season (at the time tied with the league record), was benched in favor of Joe Dufek on September 30. Ferguson's interception total actually increased compared to the previous year, and he would go on to play for at least three more teams (Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Indianapolis Colts and Canadian football's San Antonio Texans) that all had white helmets.
The Bills wore white jerseys for all 1984 home games, the only time they have done so in franchise history. Buffalo wore white at home occasionally every other year from 1980-86, and has done so since 2011.
NFL draft
Notre Dame running back Greg Bell made the Pro Bowl in his rookie season; he was later traded to the Los Angeles Rams in the blockbuster three-team Eric Dickerson trade. Defensive end Sean McNanie played for the team for four of his seven NFL seasons. Punter John Kidd played his first six seasons with Buffalo; his career lasted a total of 15 seasons.
Personnel
Staff
Roster
Regular season
Schedule
Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text.
Game summaries
Week 3 (Monday, September 17, 1984): vs. Miami Dolphins
Point spread:
Over/Under:
Time of Game: 3 hours, 15 minutes
Buffalo had now gone the first three weeks without scoring a TD in the first half.
Week 9 (Sunday, October 28, 1984): at Miami Dolphins
Point spread:
Over/Under:
Time of Game: 2 hours, 54 minutes
Week 12
Greg Bell 27 Rush, 206 Yds
Week 14
Standings
Notes
References
External links
1984 Buffalo Bills at Pro-Football-Reference.com
Buffalo Bills seasons
Buffalo Bills
Buffalo Bills | wiki |
The quality press or the qualities are those British newspapers in national circulation distinguished by their seriousness. The category used to be called "broadsheet" until several papers adopted a tabloid printing format. Both The Times and The Independent adopted a tabloid format in 2004. The Guardian adopted a Berliner format in 2005, before switching to tabloid in January 2018.
Circulation figures for the quality press have been falling in recent times, and in December 2009 it was reported that readership of The Guardian, The Independent, The Times, and Financial Times had decreased over the previous 12 months.
"Quality press" titles
References
Mass media in the United Kingdom | wiki |
Max Headroom is a fictional computer-generated character played by comedian Matt Frewer.
Max Headroom may also refer to:
Max Headroom: 20 Minutes into the Future (1985), British telefilm that introduced the character
The Max Headroom Show (1985–87), video, music and talk show which followed the 1985 telefilm
Max Headroom (TV series) (1987–88), American satirical science fiction series based on the British telefilm
See also
Max Headroom signal hijacking | wiki |
Heteromormyrus est un genre de poissons de la famille des Mormyridés. Ce genre se rencontre en Afrique.
Liste des espèces
Selon :
Heteromormyrus pauciradiatus (Steindachner, 1866)
Notes et références
Liens externes
Osteoglossiformes
Mormyridae | wiki |
Mary Maher may refer to:
Mary Cecilia Maher, New Zealand religious sister, teacher, and social worker
Mary Hellen Maher, American librarian
Mary Maher (journalist), Irish journalist, trade unionist and feminist | wiki |
Revolution Day refers to the public holiday in Egypt on 23 July, the anniversary of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 which led to the declaration of the modern republic of Egypt, ending the period of the Kingdom of Egypt. It is the biggest secular public holiday in Egypt and is considered the National Day of Egypt.
Annual celebrations marking the Revolution begin on the preceding evening, as the evening of 23 July 1952 was when the Free Officers Movement led by Mohamed Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser commenced the military coup d'état that launched the Revolution, and ultimately led to the abdication of King Farouk, the penultimate King of Egypt and the Sudan. The public holiday itself is characterised by large and elaborate celebrations, including military parades and televised concerts with heavily nationalistic themes.
See also
Revolution Day in other countries.
References
Egyptian Revolution of 1952
Public holidays in Egypt
National days
July observances
Summer events in Egypt | wiki |
The Heath Is Green may refer to:
The Heath Is Green (1932 film), a German musical film
The Heath Is Green (1951 film), a German drama film
The Heath Is Green (1972 film), a German remake | wiki |
L'Ejima Saxum è una struttura geologica della superficie di 162173 Ryugu.
Collegamenti esterni
Saxa di Ryugu | wiki |
Feeling Myself or Feelin' Myself may refer to:
"Feeling Myself" (Nicki Minaj song), a 2014 song by Nicki Minaj
"Feeling Myself", a song by Pusha T from Fear of God II: Let Us Pray, 2011
"Feeling Myself", a song by Wolf Alice from Blue Weekend, 2021
"Feelin' Myself" (Nipsey Hussle song), 2010
"Feelin' Myself" (will.i.am song)", 2013 | wiki |
Massing is een gemeente in de Duitse deelstaat Beieren, en maakt deel uit van het Landkreis Rottal-Inn.
Massing telt inwoners.
Gemeente in Beieren | wiki |
Test tube baby may refer to:
A baby conceived through in vitro fertilisation
Other uses include:
The TV programme Brainiac's Test Tube Baby
Test Tube Babies (film), the 1948 film | wiki |
Entail may refer to:
Fee tail, a term of art in common law describing a limited form of succession
Entailment, a logical relation between sentences of a formal language
Entailment (linguistics), the use of the term in linguistics
In architecture (obsolete), an ornamental device sunk in the ground of stone or brass, and subsequently filled in with marble, mosaic or enamel: see inlay | wiki |
The Singles Project is an American interactive dating show series which premiered on August 12, 2014, on Bravo. The show featured a group of young and single professionals living in New York City and trying to find love. The docu-series became the first American dating series showing near real-time situations as each episode of the show is shot and aired within one week. The show later syndicated globally.
Bravo had set up an online hub in order to let the viewers to interact with the show's cast throughout the series' run. The website included the cast biographies, their social media accounts, behind-the-scenes videos, and other material. After each episode the network hosted live Twitter Q&A sessions as well as gave the viewers an opportunity to appear on the show by uploading short social videos.
The cast included Kerry Cassidy, Lee Gause, Joey Healy, Tabasum Mir, Ericka Pittman, and Brian Trunzo.
Episodes
Awards
In 2015, the reality series won Creative Arts Emmy Award in the Outstanding Multiplatform Storytelling category.
References
External links
2010s American reality television series
2014 American television series debuts
2014 American television series endings
Bravo (American TV network) original programming
English-language television shows
American dating and relationship reality television series | wiki |
Quercus helferiana is a species of tree in the beech family Fagaceae. It is native to Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, India (northeast), and southern China (Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou). It is placed in subgenus Cerris, section Cyclobalanopsis.
Description
Quercus helferiana is a tree up to 20 m. tall, with a trunk up to 0.3 m in diameter. Leaves oblong-elliptic, to elliptic-lanceolate, 120-150 (up to 220) × 40-80 (up to 95) mm, with wavy edges but no teeth or lobes. The acorn is oblate, 10-16 × 15–22 mm, grey, with a depressed apex and often covered with shaggy hairs; the scar is 12–14 mm in diameter, flat to concave at maturity. Flowering is in March–April, acorns found from October–November.
References
helferiana
Flora of China
Flora of Assam (region)
Flora of Indo-China
Plants described in 1864 | wiki |
Returning Home may refer to:
Returning Home (1975 film), an American television film directed by Daniel Petrie,
Returning Home (2011 film), a Ugandan documentary film by Matt Bish,
Returning Home (2015 film) (Å vende tilbake), a Norwegian drama film by Henrik Martin Dahlsbakken,
Returning Home (2021 film), a Canadian documentary film by Sean Stiller. | wiki |
The following articles contain lists of countries by debt:
List of countries by public debt
List of countries by household debt
List of countries by corporate debt
List of countries by external debt | wiki |
Un écrou de rayon sert à maintenir la jante d'une roue de bicyclette sur chaque rayon.
Notes et références
Équipement de cyclisme | wiki |
A crupper (; occ. spelled crouper) is a piece of tack used on horses and other equids to keep a saddle, harness or other equipment from sliding forward.
Construction
The crupper consists of a loop (the crupper itself) and an adjustable strap (crupper strap or back strap) that connects the crupper to back of a riding saddle or the other parts of a harness. The strap runs from the horse's dock, over the croup, to the saddle or to the back band (sometimes called the saddle) of a harness.
Usually made of leather, the crupper loop is stuffed, traditionally with linseed to keep it supple in use, and molded into a tube that is shaped into a loop. The crupper may be sewn to its strap, or attached to the strap by one or two buckles. If the crupper has no buckle, then the skirt of the horse's tail is folded up onto the tailbone and the tailbone is slipped through the crupper. If it has buckles, the crupper is unbuckled and passed under the dock.
Use and safety
A crupper is used to keep the equipment placed on a horse's back from slipping forward. Cruppers are seen most often on horse harnesses. They are also used on the surcingles of bitting rigs, riding saddles, and, occasionally, pack saddles.
A crupper needs to be snug enough to keep the saddle or harness in place, but not so tight that the horse is irritated or the skin of the tail is damaged. Cruppers are adjusted to engage only when needed; pressure is not meant to be constantly applied. If a crupper is too tight, it can cause severe chafing, discomfort and sores. If it is too loose, the saddle or harness may not stay in the proper position. If used in an improper manner for too long a period of time, the horse may even become disabled in the hindquarters. The loop of a crupper is kept very clean.
Driving
For driving, a crupper is used to prevent the parts of a harness that fit around the barrel of the horse (the girth, bellyband, back band and saddle) from slipping forward. The crupper is adjusted to allow about an inch of play between the crupper and the dock. Some harnesses with breeching use this as an anchor instead of a crupper.
Riding
A crupper is used on riding saddles when riding a horse or mule with low withers in steep terrain. Cruppers are most often used in activities such as endurance riding, mounted orienteering, competitive trail riding, and for recreational trail riding in mountains.
When riding, cruppers are particularly useful on animals with low withers, because this conformation allows the saddle to slip forward as the animal travels downhill. Though not a substitute for a correctly fitted saddle, they are often used on mules, as many saddles, particularly those made for horses, are more likely to slide forward on a flatter-backed mule.
The crupper strap may be single or double (forked). It usually attaches via a snap or buckle to a crupper ring at the center of the cantle of the saddle, or to a pair of rings (dees) on either side of the cantle. Many riding saddles today are manufactured without properly placed rings, though rings can be added. Or, in lieu of rings, a design used on English saddles utilizes a t-shaped brace that is inserted under the saddle between the rear panels and the tree.
Cruppers are not common on western saddles, but some English saddles are designed with crupper rings, particularly those designed to fit mules.
Cruppers are seen on the saddles of some horses used to work cattle with a lance (such as horses of the buttero in Europe), but not on horses used to work cattle with a lasso.
Packing
On pack horses, saddle breeching alone is quite common. However, sometimes a crupper is used in addition to breeching.
History
A crupper has been a standard part of mule saddles for centuries. In the 1614 spurious Avellaneda Segunda Parte to Don Quixote, a mule crupper is mentioned several times, and it is translated as "crupper" in two 18th-century English translations.
Cruppers were once part of the standard design of cavalry saddles. The McClellan saddle used by the United States Army utilized an optional crupper into the early 20th century, though difficulties with proper fitting eventually led the army to discontinue its use. Cruppers continue to be part of the ceremonial tack for some cavalry regiments and tent pegging teams.
References
External links
Horse harness
Saddles | wiki |
Portography is a radiography of the portal vein after injection of radioopaque contrast material.
References
Projectional radiography | wiki |
A teen idol is a celebrity who is widely idolized by teenagers.
Teen Idol may also refer to:
Teen Idol (novel), a 2004 novel by Meg Cabot
Teen Idols, a pop punk group
The Teen Idles, a hardcore band
See also
Teen Age Idol, 1962 song by Rick Nelson
Confessions of a Teen Idol, 2009 American reality TV series | wiki |
Homicide occurs when a person kills another person. A homicide requires only a volitional act or omission that causes the death of another, and thus a homicide may result from accidental, reckless, or negligent acts even if there is no intent to cause harm. Homicides can be divided into many overlapping legal categories, such as murder, manslaughter, justifiable homicide, assassination, killing in war (either following the laws of war or as a war crime), euthanasia, and capital punishment, depending on the circumstances of the death. These different types of homicides are often treated very differently in human societies; some are considered crimes, while others are permitted or even ordered by the legal system.
Criminality
Criminal homicide takes many forms including accidental killing or murder. Criminal homicide is divided into two broad categories, murder and manslaughter, based upon the state of mind and intent of the person who commits the homicide.
A report issued by the United Nations Office on Drug and Crime in July 2019 documented that nearly 464,000 people around the world were killed in homicides in 2017, a number significantly in excess of the 89,000 killed in armed conflicts during the same period.
Murder
Murder is the most serious crime that can be charged following a homicide. In many jurisdictions, murder may be punished by life in prison or even capital punishment. Although categories of murder can vary by jurisdiction, murder charges fall under two broad categories:
First degree murder: The premeditated, unlawful, intentional killing of another person.
Second degree murder: The intentional, unlawful killing of another person, but without any premeditation.
In some jurisdictions, a homicide that occurs during the commission of a dangerous crime may constitute murder, regardless of the actor's intent to commit homicide. In the United States, this is known as the felony murder rule. In simple terms, under the felony murder rule a person who commits a felony may be guilty of murder if someone dies as a result of the commission of the crime, including the victim of the felony, a bystander or a co-felon, regardless their intent—or lack thereof—to kill, and even when the death results from the actions of a co-defendant or third party who is reacting to the crime.
Manslaughter
Manslaughter is a form of homicide in which the person who commits the homicide either does not intend to kill the victim, or kills the victim as the result of circumstances that would cause a reasonable person to become emotionally or mentally disturbed to the point of potentially losing control of their actions. The distinction between murder and manslaughter is sometimes said to have first been made by the ancient Athenian lawmaker Draco in the 7th century BC. The penalty for manslaughter is normally less than the penalty for murder. The two broad categories of manslaughter are:
Voluntary manslaughter: the intentional, unpremeditated killing of another person as the result of a disturbed state of mind, or heat of passion.
Involuntary manslaughter: the unintentional killing of another person through an act of recklessness that shows indifference to the lives and safety of others, or an act of negligence that could reasonably be foreseen to result in death. The act that results in death may be intentional, such as pushing somebody in anger, but their death (such as by their subsequently falling, striking their head, and suffering a lethal head injury) is not.
Another form of manslaughter in some jurisdictions is constructive manslaughter, which may be charged if a person causes a death without intention but as the result of violating an important safety law or regulation.
Lawful excuse
Not all homicides are crimes, or subject to criminal prosecution. Some are legally privileged, meaning that they are not criminal acts at all. Others may occur under circumstances that provide the defendant with a full or partial defense to criminal prosecution. Common defenses include:
Self-defense: while most homicides by civilians are criminally prosecutable, a right of self-defense (often including the right to defend others) is widely recognized, including, in dire circumstances, the use of deadly force.
Mental incapacity: A defendant may attempt to prove that they are not criminally responsible for a homicide due to a mental disorder. In some jurisdictions, mentally incompetent killers may be involuntarily committed in lieu of criminal trial. Mental health and development are often taken into account during sentencing. For example, in the United States, the death penalty cannot be applied to convicted murderers with intellectual disabilities.
Defense of infancy – Small children are not held criminally liable before the age of criminal responsibility. A juvenile court may handle defendants above this age but below the legal age of majority, though because homicide is a serious crime some older minors are charged in an adult justice system. Age is sometimes also taken into account during sentencing even if the perpetrator is old enough to have criminal responsibility.
Justifiable homicide or privilege: Due to the circumstances, although a homicide occurs, the act of killing is not unlawful. For example, a killing on the battlefield during war is normally lawful, or a police officer may shoot a dangerous suspect in order to protect the officer's own life or the lives and safety of others.
The availability of defenses to a criminal charge following a homicide may affect the homicide rate. For example, it has been suggested that the availability of "stand your ground" defense has resulted in an increase in the homicide rate in U.S. jurisdictions that recognize the defense, including Florida.
By state actors
Killings by government agents may be considered lawful or unlawful according to:
Domestic law
International law to which the government has agreed by treaty
Peremptory norms which are de facto enforced as obligatory on all countries, such as prohibitions against genocide, piracy, and slavery
Types of state killings include:
Capital punishment, where the judicial system authorizes the death penalty in response to a severe crime, though some countries have abolished it completely
Lawful killing during war, such as the killing of enemy combatants
Lawful use of deadly force by law enforcement officers or military personnel to maintain public safety in emergency situations.
Extrajudicial killing, where government actors kill people (typically individuals or small groups) without judicial court proceedings
War crimes that involve killing (war crimes not authorized by the government may also be committed by individuals who are then subject to domestic military justice)
Widespread, systematic killing by the government of a particular group, which depending on the target, could be called genocide, politicide, or classicide. In some cases these events may also meet definitions of crimes against humanity.
Scholars study especially large homicide events (typically 50,000 deaths in five years or less) as mass killings. Some medium- and large-scale mass killings by state actors have been termed massacres, though not all such killings have been so named. The term democide has been coined by Rudolph Rummel to describe "murder by government" in general, which includes both extrajudicial killings and widespread systematic homicide.
Killings by government agents might be called "murder" or "mass murder" in general usage, especially if seen by the commentator as unethical, but the domestic legal definitions of murder, manslaughter, etc., usually exclude killings carried out by lawful government action.
Systematic government killing
Deliberate massacres of captives or civilians during wartime or periods of civil unrest by the state's military forces include those committed by Genghis Khan, the Golden Horde, the troops of Vlad the Impaler, the British Empire in its colonies, the Empire of Japan, the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II, the Herero and Namaqua genocide, being the 1st genocide of the 20th century and committed by the German Empire, The Holocaust, the Nanjing Massacre, the Katyn Forest Massacre of Polish citizens in 1940 and the massacres of political prisoners after the launch of Operation Barbarossa, the Three Alls Policy, the massacre of Soviet Jews at Babi Yar, the mass murder of the Hungarian, Serbian and German population in Vojvodina in the "Vengeance of Bacska", the murder of 24 unarmed villagers by British troops in the Batang Kali massacre during the Malayan Emergency, the mass killings in Indonesia during Suharto's rise to power, the murder of suspected leftists during Operation Condor in South America, the murder of Vietnamese civilians by American soldiers in the My Lai Massacre during the Vietnam War, the genocidal massacres of the Maya population during the Guatemalan Civil War, the massacre at El Mozote during the Salvadoran Civil War, and repeated attacks on civilians during the Syrian Civil War including the Al-Qubeir massacre.
Actions in which the state indirectly caused the death of large numbers of people include man-made disasters caused by the state, such as the famines in India during British rule, the atrocities in the Congo Free State, the Khmer Rouge years in Cambodia, the Holodomor in Soviet Ukraine and wider Soviet famine, the famines and poverty caused by the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic of China, and the famine in Yemen triggered by the U.S.–backed Saudi Arabian-led intervention and blockade.
Rates
Global
A 2011 study by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime brought together a wide variety of data sources to create a worldwide picture of trends and developments. Sources included multiple agencies and field offices of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and national and international sources from 207 countries.
The report estimated that in 2010, the total number of homicides globally was 468,000. More than a third (36%) occurred in Africa, 31 percent in the Americas, 27 percent in Asia, five percent in Europe and one percent in Oceania. Since 1995, the homicide rate has been falling in Europe, North America, and Asia, but has risen to a near “crisis point” in Central America and the Caribbean. Of all homicides worldwide, 82 percent of the victims were men, and 18 percent were women. On a per-capita scaled level, "the homicide rate in Africa and the Americas (at 17 and 16 per 100,000 population, respectively) is more than double the global average (6.9 per 100,000), whereas in Asia, Europe and Oceania (between 3 and 4 per 100,000) it is roughly half".
UNODC, in its 2013 global report, estimated the total number of homicides worldwide dropped to 437,000 in 2012. The Americas accounted for 36 percent of all homicides globally, Africa 21 percent, Asia 38 percent, Europe five percent and Oceania 0.3%. The world's average homicide rate stood at 6.2 per 100,000 population in 2012, but the Southern Africa region and Central America have intentional homicide rates four times higher than the world average. They are the most violent regions globally, outside of regions experiencing wars and religious or sociopolitical terrorism. Asia exclusive of West Asia and Central Asia, Western Europe, Northern Europe, as well as Oceania had the lowest homicide rates in the world. About 41 percent of the homicides worldwide occurred in 2012 with the use of guns, 24 percent with sharp objects such as knife, and 35 percent by other means such as poison. The global conviction rate for the crime of intentional homicide in 2012 was 43 percent.
The 2011 Global Study on Homicide reported that "[W]here homicide rates are high and firearms and organized crime in the form of drug trafficking play a substantial role, 1 in 50 men aged 20 will be murdered before they reach the age of 31. At the other, the probability of such an occurrence is up to 400 times lower. [H]omicide is much more common in countries with low levels of human development, high levels of income inequality and weak rule of law than in more equitable societies, where socioeconomic stability seems to be something of an antidote to homicide. In cases of intimate partner and family-related homicide cases, women murdered by their past or present male partner make up the vast majority of homicide victims worldwide."
Historic European
In the mid-second millennium, local levels of violence in Europe were extremely high by the standards of modern developed countries. Typically, small groups of people would battle their neighbors using the farm tools at hand, such as knives, sickles, hammers, and axes. Mayhem and death were deliberate. The vast majority of Europeans lived in rural areas as late as 1800. Cities were few, and small in size, but their concentration of population was conducive to violence and their trends resembled those in rural areas. Across Europe, homicide trends show a steady long-term decline. Regional differences were small, except that Italy's decline was later and slower. From approximately 1200 AD through 1800 AD, homicide rates from violent local episodes, not including military actions, declined by a factor of ten, from approximately 32 deaths per 100,000 people to 3.2 per 100,000. In the 20th century, the homicide rate fell to 1.4 per 100,000. Police forces seldom existed outside the cities; prisons only became common after 1800. Before then, harsh penalties were imposed for homicide (severe whipping or execution) but they proved ineffective at controlling or reducing the insults to honor that precipitated most of the violence. The decline does not correlate with economics or measures of state control. Most historians attribute the trend in homicides to a steady increase in self-control of the sort promoted by Protestantism, and necessitated by schools and factories. Eisner argues that macro-level indicators for societal efforts to promote civility, self-discipline, and long-sightedness are strongly associated with fluctuations in homicide rates over the past six centuries.
See also
List of types of killing
List of killings by law enforcement officers by countries
References
Further reading
Lappi-Seppälä, Tapio, and Martti Lehti. "Cross-comparative perspectives on global homicide trends". Crime and Justice 43.1 (2014): 135–230.
Pinker, Steven. The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined (2011).
External links
Causes of death
Crimes
Killings by type | wiki |
An abdominal x-ray is an x-ray of the abdomen. It is sometimes abbreviated to AXR, or KUB (for kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder).
Indications
In children, abdominal x-ray is indicated in the acute setting:
Suspected bowel obstruction or gastrointestinal perforation; Abdominal x-ray will demonstrate most cases of bowel obstruction, by showing dilated bowel loops.
Foreign body in the alimentary tract; can be identified if it is radiodense.
Suspected abdominal mass
In suspected intussusception, an abdominal x-ray does not exclude intussusception but is useful in the differential diagnosis to exclude perforation or obstruction.
Yet, CT scan is the best alternative for diagnosing intra-abdominal injury.
Computed tomography provides an overall better surgical strategy planning, and possibly less unnecessary laparotomies. Abdominal x-ray is therefore not recommended for adults with acute abdominal pain presenting in the emergency department.
Projections
The standard abdominal X-ray protocol is usually a single anteroposterior projection in supine position. Special projections include a PA prone, lateral decubitus, upright AP, and lateral cross-table (with the patient supine). A minimal acute obstructive series (for the purpose of ruling out small bowel obstruction) includes two views: typically, a supine view and an upright view (which are sufficient to detect air-fluid levels), although a lateral decubitus could be substituted for the upright.
Coverage on the x-ray should include from the top of the Liver (or diaphragm) to the pubic symphysis. The abdominal organs included on the xray are the liver, spleen, stomach, intestines, pancreas, kidneys, and bladder.
KUB
KUB stands for Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder. The KUB projection does not necessarily include the diaphragm. The projection includes the entire urinary system, from the pubic symphysis to the superior aspects of the kidneys. The anteroposterior (AP) abdomen projection, in contrast, includes both halves of the diaphragm. If the patient is large, more than one film loaded in the Bucky in a "landscape" direction may be used for each projection. This is done to ensure that the majority of bowel can be reviewed.
A KUB is a plain frontal supine radiograph of the abdomen. It is often supplemented by an upright PA view of the chest (to rule out air under the diaphragm or thoracic etiologies presenting as abdominal complaints) and a standing view of the abdomen (to differentiate obstruction from ileus by examining gastrointestinal air/water levels).
Despite its name, a KUB is not typically used to investigate pathology of the kidneys, ureters, or bladder, since these structures are difficult to assess (for example, the kidneys may not be visible due to overlying bowel gas.) In order to assess these structures radiographically, a technique called an intravenous pyelogram was historically utilized, and today at many institutions CT urography is the technique of choice.
KUB is typically used to investigate gastrointestinal conditions such as a bowel obstruction and gallstones, and can detect the presence of kidney stones. The KUB is often used to diagnose constipation as stool can be seen readily. The KUB is also used to assess positioning of indwelling devices such as ureteric stents and nasogastric tubes. KUB is also done as a scout film for other procedures such as barium enemas.
Gastrointestinal series
An upper gastrointestinal series is where a contrast medium, usually a radiocontrast agent such as barium sulfate barium salt mixed with water, is ingested or instilled into the gastrointestinal tract, and X-rays are used to create radiographs of the regions of interest. The barium enhances the visibility of the relevant parts of the gastrointestinal tract by coating the inside wall of the tract and appearing white on the film.
A lower gastrointestinal series is where radiographs are taken while barium sulfate, a radiocontrast agent, fills the colon via an enema through the rectum. The term barium enema usually refers to a lower gastrointestinal series, although enteroclysis (an upper gastrointestinal series) is often called a small bowel barium enema.
See also
X-ray
Acute abdomen
Abdominal pain
Medical imaging
Chest x-ray
Radiographer
References
Projectional radiography | wiki |
This is an alphabetical list of French Ateliers producing Stained polychrome Glass.
List
Lists of artists by medium | wiki |
Erudio Student Loans is a consortium formed by debt collectors Arrow Global and private equity firm CarVal Investors in 2013.
The firm was the successful bidder in an auction to buy non-performing U.K. student loans in 2013, paying £160m to buy debts of £890m taken out between 1990 and 1998. Of the loans purchased, 46% of the borrowers were earning below the amount at which they were required to make payments, 14% were making payments and 40% were not making any payments.
The Independent noted that debt collectors Arrow performed very poorly during the credit crunch and that similar organisations had a reputation for unwarranted threatening letters, phone calls and visits; David Willetts had ignored the implications for former students, his prime objective was to reduce public debt. CarVal Investors, private equity firm provided most of the cash.
Criticism
Since taking over the loans, Erudio has faced criticism from current loan holders and also from financial commentator Martin Lewis for not being able to cope with the large volume of deferral requests and for mistakenly taking cash from loan holders' accounts. According to the Guardian, some Erudio customers have noted an attempt to change loan conditions. Whereas the SLC could only pass on details of payments in default, Erudio has written to these deferred loan holders asking them to agree to let the company pass on details to credit agencies. This potentially prevents them from taking out loans in the future.
In April 2016, another error saw the company demanding repayments after it failed to send out 250,000 deferral forms, with some customers declaring themselves "bewildered by Erudio’s administrative problems". The company denied the omissions were a tactic designed to trick people into repaying the loan and issued a public apology.
See also
Sallie Mae the American-based corporation for student loans that is behind Arrow Global.
Student loans in the United Kingdom
External links
Arrow Global
CarVal Investors
Erudio Student Loans
References
Financial services companies of the United Kingdom
2013 establishments in the United Kingdom
Financial services companies established in 2013
Education finance in the United Kingdom
Student loan systems | wiki |
A martingale is any of several designs of tack that are used on horses to control head carriage. Martingales may be seen in a wide variety of equestrian disciplines, both riding and driving. Rules for their use vary widely; in some disciplines they are never used, others allow them for schooling but not in judged performance, and some organizations allow certain designs in competition.
The two most common types of martingale, the standing and the running, are used to control the horse's head height, and to prevent the horse from throwing its head so high that the rider gets hit in the face by the horse's poll or upper neck. When a horse's head gets above a desired height, the martingale places pressure on the head so that it becomes more difficult or impossible to raise it higher.
The standing martingale
The standing martingale, also known as a "tiedown" or a "head check", has a single strap which is attached to the girth, passes between the horse's front legs and is fixed to the back of the noseband. To prevent it from catching on other objects, it also has a neck strap. A variation is attached to a breastplate in lieu of a neck strap. When correctly fitted for English riding, it should be possible to push the martingale strap up to touch the horse's throatlatch.
A variation of the standing martingale, called a tiedown, is seen almost exclusively in the western riding disciplines. A tiedown is adjusted much shorter than a standing martingale and is intended primarily to prevent the horse from flipping its head up when asked to abruptly stop or turn in speed events. Users also claim that it gives the horse something to brace against for balance. It consists of an adjustable strap, one end which attaches to the horse's breastplate and the other which attaches to a noseband on the bridle. The noseband can be of leather, but may also be of lariat rope, or even plastic-covered cable, which can make the western tiedown considerably harsher than the English-style standing martingale. It is properly adjusted when it puts no pressure on the horse's nose when held at a normal position, but will immediately act if the horse raises its nose more than a few inches.
With both pieces of equipment, the slack is taken up out of the strap when the horse raises its head above the desired point, and pressure is placed on the horse's nose.
The standing martingale is competition legal for show hunter and hunt seat equitation riders over fences in the US, show jumping competitions in the UK, and is permissible and in common use in fox hunting, polocrosse, horseball, and polo. It is also seen on some military and police horses, partly for style and tradition, but also in the event of an emergency that may require the rider to handle the horse in an abrupt manner. It is not legal for flat classes. The tiedown is commonly seen in rodeo and speed events such as gymkhana games, but is not show legal in any other western-style horse show competition.
Safety and risks
The standing martingale is more restrictive than the running martingale because it cannot be loosened in an emergency. A horse that trips in a standing martingale could potentially fall more easily because its range of motion is restricted. If a horse falls wearing an incorrectly fitted standing martingale, the animal cannot extend its neck fully, plus will have a more difficult time getting back up.
Due to the risk of injury to the cartilage of the nose, the martingale strap is never attached to a drop noseband. Because of the risk of both nose and jaw injuries, it also should not be attached to any type of "figure 8" or "grackle" noseband. A standing martingale can be attached to the cavesson (the upper, heavier strap) of a flash noseband, but not to the lower, "flash" or "drop" strap.
Any martingale may cause pain to the horse if misused in combination with certain other equipment. If used in conjunction with a gag bit, a standing martingale can trap the head of the horse, simultaneously asking the horse to raise and lower its head and providing no source of relief in either direction. This combination is sometimes seen in polo, in some rodeo events, and occasionally in the lower levels of jumping.
Overuse or misuse of a martingale or tiedown, particularly as a means to prevent a horse from head-tossing, can lead to the overdevelopment of the muscles on the underside of the neck, creating an undesirable "upside down" neck that makes it more difficult for the horse work properly under saddle. It may also lead to the horse tensing the back muscles and moving incorrectly, especially over fences. This may put excessive pressure on the horse's spine, reduce the shock-absorbing capacity of the leg anatomy, and can over time lead to lameness. There is also a risk of accidents: If a horse is sufficiently "trapped" by a combination of a too-short martingale and too-harsh bit, the horse may attempt to rear and, inhibited by the action of the martingale, fall, potentially injuring both horse and rider.
The running martingale and German martingale
The running martingale consists of a strap which is attached to the girth and passes between the horse's front legs before dividing into two pieces. At the end of each of these straps is a small metal ring through which the reins pass. It is held in the correct position by a neck strap or breastplate.
A running martingale is adjusted so that each of the "forks" has about an inch of slack when the horse holds its head in the normal position. When correctly adjusted, the reins make a straight line from the rider's hand to the bit ring when the horse's head in at the correct height and the running martingale is not in effect.
When the horse raises its head above the desired point, the running martingale adds leverage through the reins to the bit on the bars of the horse's mouth. The leverage created by this pressure encourages the horse to lower its head. A running martingale provides more freedom for the horse than a standing martingale, as the rider can release pressure as soon as the desired result is achieved. Additionally, if a horse happens to trip on landing after a fence, the rider can loosen the reins and the horse will have full use of its head and neck.
Because of this safety factor, the running martingale is the only style of martingale permitted for use in eventing competitions and horse racing. Some show jumpers also prefer the running martingale due to the extra freedom it provides. Running martingales are also used outside of the competition arena on young horses being trained in the Saddle seat, western riding, and many other disciplines.
The German martingale, also called a Market Harborough, consists of a split fork that comes up from the chest, runs through the rings of the bit and attaches to rings on the reins of the bridle between the bit and the rider's hand. It acts in a manner similar to a running martingale, but with additional leverage. It is not show legal and is used primarily as a training aid.
Safety and risks
A running martingale is generally used with rein stops, which are rubber or leather stops slipped onto the rein between the bit and the ring of the martingale. Rein stops are compulsory at Pony Club and British Eventing Events. They are an important safety feature that stops the martingale from sliding too far forward and getting caught on the bit ring or on the buckles or studs that attach the reins to the bit. Sanctioning organizations require a running martingale to be used in conjunction with rein stops if the reins are buckled to the bit.
The primary difficulty in use of a running martingale is the inability to raise the horse's head in the event of the animal bucking. If adjusted too short, lateral use of the reins may be impeded. If used improperly, the force exerted by the running martingale on the horse's mouth can be severe and for this reason the standing martingale is preferred in some circles. Improper use includes use on the reins of a curb bit; adjustment too short, so that the equipment pulls the horse's head below the proper position.
The Irish martingale
The Irish martingale is not a true martingale in the sense of a device that affects the rider's control over the horse. Thus, it is sometimes known as a semi-martingale. It is a simple short strap with a ring on either end. The reins are each run through a ring on either side before being buckled. The Irish martingale's purpose is not to control the head, but to prevent the reins from coming over the horse's head, risking entanglement, should a rider fall. It is used mostly in European horse racing.
References
Ball, Charles E. Saddle up. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1973, ,
Slaughter, Jean. Horsemanship for Beginners, Alfred A. Knopf, 1952. ASIN: B000NWHDA0
Headgear (horse)
fr:Martingale (équitation)
sv:Martingal (ridning) | wiki |
Voto latino may refer to:
Latino vote, a topic
Voto Latino, US organization
"Voto latino (Latin Vote)", a song by Molotov on the ¿Dónde Jugarán las Niñas? album | wiki |
The Senate of Canada () is the upper house of the Parliament of Canada. Together with the Crown and the House of Commons, they comprise the bicameral legislature of Canada.
The Senate is modelled after the British House of Lords with members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. The explicit basis on which appointment is made and the chamber's size is set, at 105 members, is by province or territory assigned to 'divisions'. The Constitution divides provinces of Canada geographically among four regions, which are represented equally. Senatorial appointments were originally for life; since 1965, they have been subject to a mandatory retirement age of 75.
While the Senate is the upper house of parliament and the House of Commons is the lower house, this does not imply the former is more powerful than the latter. It merely entails that its members and officers outrank the members and officers of the Commons in the order of precedence for the purposes of protocol. As a matter of practice and custom, the House of Commons is the dominant chamber. The prime minister and Cabinet are responsible solely to the House of Commons and remain in office only so long as they retain the confidence of that chamber. Parliament is composed of the two houses together with the "Crown-in-Parliament" (i.e. the monarch, represented by the governor general as ex officio viceroy).
The approval of both houses is necessary for legislation to become law, and thus the Senate can reject bills passed by the House of Commons. Between 1867 and 1987, the Senate rejected fewer than two bills per year, but this has increased in more recent years. Although legislation can normally be introduced in either chamber, the majority of government bills originate in the House of Commons, with the Senate acting as the chamber of "sober second thought" (as it was called by John A. Macdonald, Canada's first prime minister).
History
The Senate came into existence in 1867, when the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed the British North America Act 1867 (now entitled the Constitution Act, 1867), uniting the Province of Canada (as two separate provinces, Quebec and Ontario), Nova Scotia and New Brunswick into a single federal Dominion. The Canadian parliament was based on the Westminster system (that is, the model of the Parliament of the United Kingdom). Canada's first prime minister, Sir John A. Macdonald, described the Senate as a body of "sober second thought" that would curb the "democratic excesses" of the elected House of Commons and provide regional representation. He believed that if the House of Commons properly represented the population, the upper chamber should represent the regions. It was not meant to be more than a revising body or a brake on the House of Commons. Therefore, it was deliberately made an appointed house, since an elected Senate might prove too popular and too powerful and be able to block the will of the House of Commons.
In 2008 the Canadian Heraldic Authority granted the Senate, as an institution, a coat of arms composed of a depiction of the chamber's mace (representing the monarch's authority in the upper chamber) behind the escutcheon of the Arms of Canada.
Senate reform
Discussion of Senate reform dates back to at least 1874, but to date there has been no meaningful change.
In 1927, The Famous Five Canadian women asked the Supreme Court to determine whether women were eligible to become senators. In the Persons Case, the court unanimously held that women could not become senators since they were not "qualified persons". On appeal, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council ruled that women were persons, and four months later, Cairine Wilson was appointed to the senate.
In the 1960s, discussion of reform appeared along with the Quiet Revolution and the rise of Western alienation. The first change to the Senate was in 1965, when a mandatory retirement age of 75 years was set. Appointments made before then were for life.
In the 1970s the emphasis was on increased provincial involvement in the senators' appointments. Since the '70s, there have been at least 28 major proposals for constitutional Senate reform, and all have failed, including the 1987 Meech Lake Accord, and the 1992 Charlottetown Accord.
Starting in the 1980s, proposals were put forward to elect senators. After Parliament enacted the National Energy Program Western Canadians called for a Triple-E (elected, equal, and effective) senate. In 1982 the Senate was given a qualified veto over certain constitutional amendments. In 1987 Alberta legislated for the Alberta Senate nominee elections. Results of the 1989 Alberta Senate nominee election were non-binding.
Following the Canadian Senate expenses scandal Prime Minister Stephen Harper declared a moratorium on further appointments. Harper had advocated for an elected Senate for decades, but his proposals were blocked by a 2014 Supreme Court ruling that requires a constitutional amendment approved by a minimum of seven provinces, whose populations together accounted for at least half of the national population.
In 2014 Liberal leader Justin Trudeau expelled all senators from the Liberal caucus and, as prime minister in 2016, created the Independent Advisory Board for Senate Appointments, both of which were attempts to make the Senate less partisan without requiring constitutional change. Members of the board include members from each jurisdiction where there is a vacancy. The prime minister is not bound to accept the board's recommendation. Some provinces refused to participate, stating that it would make the situation worse by lending the Senate some legitimacy. Since this new appointments process was launched in 2016, 52 new senators, all selected under this procedure, were appointed to fill vacancies. All Canadians may now apply directly for a Senate appointment at any time, or nominate someone they believe meets the merit criteria.
Chamber and offices
The original Senate chamber was lost to the fire that consumed the Parliament Buildings in 1916. The Senate then sat in the mineral room of what is today the Canadian Museum of Nature until 1922, when it relocated to Parliament Hill. With the Centre Block undergoing renovations, temporary chambers have been constructed in the Senate of Canada Building, where the Senate began meeting in 2019.
There are chairs and desks on both sides of the chamber, divided by a centre aisle. A public gallery is above the chamber. The dais of the speaker is at one end of the chamber, and includes the new royal thrones, made in part from English walnut from Windsor Great Park. Outside of Parliament Hill, most senators have offices in the Victoria Building across Wellington Street.
Composition
Qualifications
Senators are appointed by the governor general via the recommendation of the prime minister. Traditionally, members of the prime minister's party were chosen. The constitution requires that a person be a "Subject of the Queen", between 30 and 75 years of age and a resident of the province or territory for which they are appointed, to become a senator. Senators must also own property worth at least $4,000 above their debts and liabilities, a rule introduced to ensure senators were not beholden to economic vagaries and turmoil. There is a mandatory retirement age of 75. A sitting senator is disqualified from holding office if they:
fail to attend two consecutive sessions of the Senate;
become a subject or citizen of a foreign power;
file for bankruptcy;
are convicted of treason or an indictable offence; or
cease to be qualified in respect of property or of residence (except where required to stay in Ottawa because they hold a government office).
Representation
Each province and territory is entitled to its number of Senate seats specified in section 22. That section divides most of the provinces of Canada geographically among four regions, with one province and all three territories remaining outside any division. The divisions have equal representation of 24 senators each: Western Canada, Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes. The Western division comprises British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, each having 6 seats. The Maritimes division comprises New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, who each have 10 seats, and Prince Edward Island, who has 4 seats. Newfoundland and Labrador is represented by six senators. The Northwest Territories, Yukon and Nunavut have one senator each.
Quebec senators are the only ones to be assigned to specific districts within their province. This rule was adopted to ensure that both French- and English-speakers from Quebec were represented appropriately in the Senate.
Like most other upper houses worldwide, the Canadian formula does not use representation by population as a primary criterion for member selection, since this is already done for the House of Commons. Rather, the intent when the formula was struck was to achieve a balance of regional interests and to provide a house of "sober second thought" to check the power of the lower house when necessary. Therefore, the most populous province (Ontario) and two western provinces that were low-population at their accession to the federation and that are within a region are under-represented, while the Maritimes are over-represented. For example, British Columbia, with a population of about five million, sends six senators to Ottawa, whereas Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, both with populations under one million, are entitled to 10 senators each. Only Quebec has a share of senators approximate to its share of the total population.
Senators must possess land worth at least $4,000 and have residency in the province or territory for which they are appointed. In the past, the residency requirement has often been interpreted liberally, with virtually any holding that met the property qualification, including primary residences, second residences, summer homes, investment properties, and undeveloped lots, having been deemed to meet the residency requirement; as long as the senator listed a qualifying property as a residence, no further efforts have typically been undertaken to verify whether they actually resided there in any meaningful way.
Residency has come under increased scrutiny, particularly as several senators have faced allegations of irregularities in their housing expense claims. In 2013, the Senate's internal economy committee required all senators to provide documents proving their residency in the provinces.
There exists a constitutional provision—section 26 of the Constitution Act, 1867—under which the sovereign may approve the appointment of four or eight extra senators, equally divided among the four regions. The approval is given by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister, and the governor general is instructed to issue the necessary letters patent. This provision has been used only once: in 1990, when Prime Minister Brian Mulroney sought to ensure the passage of a bill creating the Goods and Services Tax (GST). The appointment of eight additional senators allowed a slight majority for the Progressive Conservative Party. There was one unsuccessful attempt to use Section 26, by Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie in 1874. It was denied by Queen Victoria, on the advice of the British Cabinet. The clause does not result in a permanent increase in the number of Senate seats, however. Instead, an attrition process is applied by which senators leaving office through normal means are not replaced until after their province has returned to its normal number of seats.
Since 1989, the voters of Alberta have elected "senators-in-waiting", or nominees for the province's Senate seats. These elections, however, are not held pursuant to any federal constitutional or legal provision; thus, the prime minister is not required to recommend the nominees for appointment. Only three senators-in-waiting have been appointed to the Senate: the first was Stan Waters, who was appointed in 1990 on the recommendation of Brian Mulroney; the second was Bert Brown, elected a senator-in-waiting in 1998 and 2004, and appointed to the Senate in 2007 on the recommendation of Prime Minister Stephen Harper; and the third was Betty Unger, elected in 2004 and appointed in 2012.
The base annual salary of a senator was $150,600 in 2019, although members may receive additional salaries in right of other offices they hold (for instance, the title of Speaker). Most senators rank immediately above Members of Parliament in the order of precedence, although the speaker is ranked just above the speaker of the House of Commons and both are a few ranks higher than the remaining senators.
Current composition
Notes
Vacancies
There is some debate as to whether there is any requirement for the prime minister to advise the governor general to appoint new senators to fill vacancies as they arise. In 2014, Leader of the Opposition Tom Mulcair argued that there is no constitutional requirement to fill vacancies. Constitutional scholar Peter Hogg has commented that the courts "might be tempted to grant a remedy" if the refusal to recommend appointments caused the Senate to be diminished to such a degree that it could not do its work or serve its constitutional function.
Vancouver lawyer Aniz Alani filed an application for judicial review of Prime Minister Stephen Harper's apparent refusal to advise the appointment of senators to fill existing vacancies in 2014, arguing that the failure to do so violates the Constitution Act, 1867.
On July 24, 2015, Harper announced that he would not be advising the governor general to fill the 22 vacancies in the Senate, preferring that the provinces "come up with a plan of comprehensive reform or to conclude that the only way to deal with the status quo is abolition". He declined to say how long he would allow vacancies to accumulate. Under the Constitution Act, 1867, senators are appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. If no such advice is forthcoming, according to constitutional scholar Adam Dodek, in "extreme cases, there is no question that the Governor General would be forced to exercise such power [of appointment] without advice".
On December 5, 2015, the new Liberal government announced a new merit-based appointment process, using specific new criteria as to eligibility for the Senate. Independent applicants, not affiliated with any political party, will be approved by a new five-member advisory board (to be in place by year end), a reform that was intended to begin eliminating the partisan nature of the Senate. At the time, there were 22 vacancies in the Senate. On April 12, 2016, seven new senators were sworn in, including Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's hand-picked Representative of the Government in the Senate, Peter Harder.
A series of additional appointments were announced for October and November 2016 that would fill all vacancies. Once these senators were summoned, the independent non-aligned senators became more numerous than either of the party caucuses for the first time in the Senate's history. The independent senator group also grew to include over half the total number of senators.
On December 12, 2018, the four remaining vacancies were filled in Nova Scotia, the Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Ontario. With these appointments, the Senate had a full complement of senators for the first time in over eight years. Since December 2018, additional senators have retired, resigned or died so the Senate currently has fewer than 105 members again, with 12 vacancies as of November 2022.
Officers
The presiding officer of the Senate is the speaker, who is appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. The speaker is assisted by a speaker pro tempore ("Current Speaker"), who is elected by the Senate at the beginning of each parliamentary session. If the Speaker is unable to attend, the speaker pro tempore presides instead. Furthermore, the Parliament of Canada Act authorizes the speaker to appoint another senator to temporarily serve. Muriel McQueen Fergusson was the Parliament of Canada's first female speaker, holding the office from 1972 to 1974.
The speaker presides over sittings of the Senate and controls debates by calling on members to speak. Senators may raise a point of order if a rule (or standing order) has been breached, on which the speaker makes a ruling. However, the speaker's decisions are subject to appeal to the whole Senate. When presiding, the speaker remains impartial, while maintaining membership in a political party. Unlike the speaker of the House of Commons, the speaker of the Senate does not hold a casting vote, but, instead, retains the right to vote in the same manner as any other. As of the 42nd Parliament, beginning in December 2015, Senator George Furey presides as Speaker of the Senate.
The senator responsible for steering legislation through the Senate is the representative of the Government in the Senate, who is a senator selected by the prime minister and whose role is to introduce legislation on behalf of the government. The position was created in 2016 to replace the former position of leader of the Government in the Senate. The opposition equivalent is the leader of the Opposition in the Senate is selected by the leader of the Official Opposition. However, if the Official Opposition in the Commons is a different party than the Official Opposition in the Senate (as was the case from 2011 to 2015), then the Senate party chooses its own leader.
Officers of the Senate who are not members include the clerk, the deputy clerk, the law clerk, and several other clerks. These officers advise the speaker and members on the rules and procedure of the Senate. Another officer is the usher of the Black Rod, whose duties include the maintenance of order and security within the Senate chamber. The usher of the Black Rod bears a ceremonial black ebony staff, from which the title "black rod" arises. This position is roughly analogous to that of the sergeant-at-arms in the House of Commons, but the usher's duties are more ceremonial in nature. The responsibility for security and the infrastructure lie with the director general of Parliamentary Precinct Services.
Committees
The Parliament of Canada uses committees for a variety of purposes. Committees consider bills in detail and can make amendments. Other committees scrutinize various government agencies and ministries.
The largest of the Senate committees is the Committee of the Whole, which, as the name suggests, consists of all senators. The Committee of the Whole meets in the chamber of the Senate, but proceeds under slightly modified rules of debate. (For example, there is no limit on the number of speeches a senator may make on a particular motion.) The presiding officer is known as the chairman. The Senate may resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole for a number of purposes, including to consider legislation or to hear testimony from individuals. Nominees to be officers of Parliament often appear before Committee of the Whole to answer questions with respect to their qualifications prior to their appointment.
The Senate also has several standing committees, each of which has responsibility for a particular area of government (for example, finance or transport). These committees consider legislation and conduct special studies on issues referred to them by the Senate and may hold hearings, collect evidence, and report their findings to the Senate. Standing committees consist of between nine and fifteen members each and elect their own chairmen.
Special committees are appointed by the Senate on an ad hoc basis to consider a particular issue. The number of members for a special committee varies, but, the partisan composition would roughly reflect the strength of the parties in the whole Senate. These committees have been struck to study bills (e.g., the Special Senate Committee on Bill C-36 (the Anti-terrorism Act), 2001) or particular issues of concern (e.g., the Special Senate Committee on Illegal Drugs).
Other committees include joint committees, which include both members of the House of Commons and senators. There are currently two joint committees: the Standing Joint Committee on the Scrutiny of Regulations, which considers delegated legislation, and the Standing Joint Committee on the Library of Parliament, which advises the two speakers on the management of the library. Parliament may also establish special joint committees on an ad hoc basis to consider issues of particular interest or importance.
Legislative functions
Although legislation may be introduced in either chamber, most bills originate in the House of Commons. Because the Senate's schedule for debate is more flexible than that of the House of Commons, the government will sometimes introduce particularly complex legislation in the Senate first.
In conformity with the British model, the Senate is not permitted to originate bills imposing taxes or appropriating public funds. Unlike in Britain but similar to the United States, this restriction on the power of the Senate is not merely a matter of convention but is explicitly stated in the Constitution Act, 1867. In addition, the House of Commons may, in effect, override the Senate's refusal to approve an amendment to the Canadian constitution; however, they must wait at least 180 days before exercising this override. Other than these two exceptions, the power of the two Houses of Parliament is theoretically equal; the approval of each is necessary for a bill's passage. In practice, however, the House of Commons is the dominant chamber of parliament, with the Senate very rarely exercising its powers in a manner that opposes the will of the democratically elected chamber. Although the Senate has not vetoed a bill from the House of Commons since 1939, minor changes proposed by the Senate to a bill are usually accepted by the Commons.
The Senate tends to be less partisan and confrontational than the Commons and is more likely to come to a consensus on issues. It also often has more opportunity to study proposed bills in detail either as a whole or in committees. This careful review process is why the Senate is still today called the chamber of "sober second thought", though the term has a slightly different meaning from what it did when used by John A. Macdonald. The format of the Senate allows it to make many small improvements to legislation before its final reading.
The Senate, at times, is more active at reviewing, amending, and even rejecting legislation. In the first 60 years after Confederation, approximately 180 bills were passed by the House of Commons and sent to the Senate that subsequently did not receive Royal Assent, either because they were rejected by the Senate or were passed by the Senate with amendments that were not accepted by the Commons. In contrast, fewer than one-quarter of that number of bills were lost for similar reasons in the sixty-year period from 1928 to 1987. The late 1980s and early 1990s was a period of contention. During this period, the Senate opposed legislation on issues such as the 1988 free trade bill with the US (forcing the Canadian federal election of 1988) and the Goods and Services Tax. In the 1990s, the Senate rejected four pieces of legislation: a bill passed by the Commons restricting abortion (C-43), a proposal to streamline federal agencies (C-93), a bill to redevelop the Lester B. Pearson Airport (C-28), and a bill on profiting from authorship as it relates to crime (C-220). From 2000 to 2013, the Senate rejected 75 bills in total.
In December 2010, the Senate rejected Bill C-311, involving greenhouse gas regulation that would have committed Canada to a 25 per cent reduction in emissions by 2020 and an 80 per cent reduction by 2050. The bill was passed by all the parties except the Conservatives in the House of Commons and was rejected by the majority Conservatives in the Senate on a vote of 43 to 32.
Divorce and other private bills
Historically, before the passage of the Divorce Act in 1968, there was no divorce legislation in either Quebec or Newfoundland. The only way for couples to get divorced in these provinces was to apply to Parliament for a private bill of divorce. These bills were primarily handled by the Senate, where a special committee would undertake an investigation of a request for a divorce. If the committee found that the request had merit, the marriage would be dissolved by an Act of Parliament. A similar situation existed in Ontario before 1930. This function has not been exercised since 1968 as the Divorce Act provided a uniform statutory basis across Canada accessed through the court system.
However, though increasingly rare, private bills usually commence in the Senate and only upon petition by a private person (natural or legal). In addition to the general stages public bills must go through, private bills also require the Senate to perform some judicial functions to ensure the petitioner's request does not impair rights of other persons.
Investigative functions
The Senate also performs investigative functions. In the 1960s, the Senate authored the first Canadian reports on media concentration with the Special Senate Subcommittee on Mass Media, or the Davey Commission, since "appointed senators would be better insulated from editorial pressure brought by publishers"; this triggered the formation of press councils. More recent investigations include the Kirby Commissions on health care (as opposed to the Romanow Commission) and mental health care by Senator Michael Kirby and the Final Report on the Canadian News Media in 2006.
Relationship with the Government of Canada
Unlike the House of Commons, the Senate has no effect in the decision to end the term of the prime minister or of the government. Only the House of Commons may force prime ministers to tender their resignation or to recommend the dissolution of Parliament and issue election writs, by passing a motion of no-confidence or by withdrawing supply. Thus, the Senate's oversight of the government is limited.
The Senate does however, approve the appointment of certain officials and approves the removal of certain officials, in some cases only for cause, and sometimes in conjunction with the House of Commons, usually as a recommendation from the Governor in Council. Officers in this category include the auditor general of Canada, and the Senate must join in the resolution to remove the chief electoral officer of Canada.
Most Cabinet ministers are from the House of Commons. In particular, every prime minister has been a member of the House of Commons since 1896, with the exception of John Turner. Typically, the Cabinet includes only one senator: the leader of the Government in the Senate. Occasionally, when the governing party does not include any members from a particular region, senators are appointed to ministerial positions in order to maintain regional balance in the Cabinet. The most recent example of this was on February 6, 2006, when Stephen Harper advised that Michael Fortier be appointed to serve as both a senator representing the Montreal region, where the minority government had no elected representation, and the Cabinet position of Minister of Public Works and Government Services. Fortier resigned his Senate seat to run (unsuccessfully) for a House of Commons seat in the 2008 general election.
Broadcasting
Unlike the House of Commons, proceedings of the Senate were historically not carried by CPAC, as the upper house long declined to allow its sessions to be televised. On April 25, 2006, Senator Hugh Segal moved that the proceedings of the Senate be televised; the motion was referred to the Senate Standing Committee on Rules, Procedures and the Rights of Parliament for consideration; although the motion was approved in principle, broadcast of Senate proceedings was not actually launched at that time apart from selected committee meetings.
Full broadcast of Senate proceedings began on March 18, 2019, concurrent with the Senate's temporary relocation to the Senate of Canada Building.
See also
Canadian Senate divisions
Canadian Senate expenses scandal
Canadian Senate Page Program
Joint address
List of Canadian Senate appointments by prime minister
List of current Canadian senators
Lists of Canadian senators
Procedural officers and senior officials of the parliament of Canada
References
Further reading
External links
Senate of Canada – official website
Department of Justice. (2004). Constitution Acts, 1867 to 1982.
Forsey, Eugene. (2003). "How Canadians Govern Themselves."
The Parliament of Canada. Official Website.
A Legislative and Historical Overview of the Canadian Senate
Government of Canada
Canada
sv:Kanadas parlament#Senaten | wiki |
A bolillo () (in Mexico) or pan francés (in Central America) (meaning "French bread") is a type of savory bread made in Mexico and Central America. It is a variation of the baguette, but shorter in length and is often baked in a stone oven. Brought to Mexico City in the 1860s by Emperor Maximilian's troupe of cooks, its use quickly spread throughout the country.
It is roughly long, in the shape of an ovoid, with a crunchy crust and a soft inside known as migajón (). It is the main ingredient for tortas and molletes. It has a slash on top made with a slashing tool or bread lame, which permits the exhaust of steam and the expansion of bread without stressing its skin. A variation of the bolillo is the 'telera', which is very similar, but in this case, is usually softer and as a current trend sweeter. Other variations include bolillos made of alternate ingredients such as whole wheat, wheat germ, or flax.
Names
The bolillo is a variation of the baguette, and thus often has names in the local language reflecting this. In Guadalajara and Sonora, they are called birotes which are often made with sourdough. In northern Mexico, they are known both as bolillos and pan blanco, whereas in northeast Mexico it is known as pan francés. In Sinaloa, they are called torcido and birote. In Central America, especially in El Salvador, it is also known as pan francés and in Guatemala it is known as pirujo. In Panama, a similar but longer type of bread is known as flauta (flute) while pan francés refers to the thinner, crustier French baguette. In Brazil, a similar bread is made and known as pão francês or pão de sal ("bread of salt"). In the Philippines, another similar baguette-derived bread is known as pan de sal (also "bread of salt").
Uses
The bolillo is the typical bun used for Sonoran hot dogs.
References
Cuisine of the Southwestern United States
Mexican breads
Mexican slang
Salvadoran cuisine
Spanish slang | wiki |
Quercus resinosa is a species of oak. It is native to central and western Mexico, from Nayarit south to Michoacán and east as far as San Luis Potosí. It is placed in Quercus section Quercus.
Description
Quercus resinosa is a deciduous tree growing up to tall with a trunk as much as in diameter. The leaves are huge, as much as long, thick and stiff, broadly egg-shaped with the widest part toward the tip.
References
resinosa
Endemic oaks of Mexico
Flora of the Sierra Madre Occidental
Plants described in 1854 | wiki |
Dichoptic may refer to:
Dichoptic arrangement, distribution of eyes that are laterally paired eyes and separately situated, in the morphology of animals such as vertebrates and most Arthropoda
Dichoptic presentation is the presentation of independent, rather than coordinated, visual stimuli to an organism's two eyes | wiki |
The 1989 UCI Road World Cup was the first edition of the UCI Road World Cup. It was won by Irish rider Sean Kelly of .
Races
Final standings
Riders
Teams
References
Complete results from Cyclingbase.com
Final classification for individuals and teams from memoire-du-cyclisme.net
UCI Road World Cup (men) | wiki |
A mesoscale discussion may refer to:
Mesoscale convective discussion, a forecast concerning thunderstorms issued by the Storm Prediction Center (SPC)
Mesoscale precipitation discussion, a forecast concerning precipitation issued by the Weather Prediction Center (WPC) | wiki |
Curium(III) bromide is the bromide salt of curium. It has an orthorhombic crystal structure.
References
Curium compounds
bromides | wiki |
Film analysis is the process in which a film is analyzed in terms of mise-en-scène, cinematography, sound, and editing. One way of analyzing films is by shot-by-shot analysis, though that is typically used only for small clips or scenes. Film analysis is closely connected to film theory.
Many different authors suggest various approaches to film analysis. Jacques Aumont and Michel Marie in their publication Analysis of Film propose several key points regarding film analysis. (1) There is general method of film analysis, (2) film analysis can never be concluded as there will always be something more to explore and (3) it is necessary for one to have knowledge about film history in order to perform a film analysis. They recognize various types of approaches: (1) Text-based film analysis (structural approach), (2) topic-based analysis (narrative approach), (3) picture and sound approach (iconic analysis), (4) psychoanalytical approach and (5) historical approach.
Another methodology is suggested by Thomas and Vivian Sobchack in their publication Introduction to film. They suggest viewer can observe following elements: (1) analysis of film space, (2) analysis of film time and (3) film sound. As they focus mainly on iconic aspects of film they further propose additional elements: the image, tone, composition and movement.
Iconic analysis
Iconic analysis basically deals with image or picture (and sometimes also film sound). In iconic analysis we try to understand how different pictorial elements convey the meaning of film. There are several examples in film history where image was even more than just a key element of film (i.e. pre WWII avant-garde films, Italian neorealism, film noir, etc.). However today in most narrative films (Fictional film) we try to hide pictorial elements from audience and mask them behind the story. In such films it is usually difficult (if not event pointless) to analyze image as such. We therefore more often tend to observe various other elements like light, camera movement (see Cinematography), composition etc. and try to understand how these elements influence or cross-reference other elements of film, like story, mood etc. As iconic analysis derives from single image and it is closely related to techniques of film production thus demanding at least brief understanding of these technical elements of film it is mostly useful method of research for film schools and other educational institutions. Film critics tend not use this method as a "stand alone" approach, but they rather use it as a part of other analysis method.
Semiotic analysis
Semiotics (also called semiotic studies and in the Saussurean tradition called semiology) is the study of meaning-making, the philosophical theory of signs and symbols. This includes the study of signs and sign processes (semiosis), indication, designation, likeness, analogy, metaphor, symbolism, signification, and communication. Semiotics is closely related to the field of linguistics, which, for its part, studies the structure and meaning of language more specifically. As different from linguistics, however, semiotics also studies non-linguistic sign systems. Semiotics is often divided into three branches: semantics, syntactics and pragmatics. Semantic are the relations between signs and the things to which they refer, their denotata or meaning. Stnyactics are the relations among signs in formal structures. Pragmatics are the relations between signs and sign-using agents.
Psychoanalytical approach
Ancient Greek philosophy's "overturning of mythology" as a definition to understanding of the heightened aesthetic. For Plato, Eros takes an almost transcendent manifestation when the subject seeks to go beyond itself and form a communion with the objectival other: "the true order of going...to the things of love, is to use the beauties of earth as steps...to all fair forms, and from fair forms to fair actions, and from fair actions to fair notions, until from fair notions he arrives at the notion of absolute beauty".
Shot by shot analysis
This is a written description of a given sequence in a film in order of the shots. According to Michael Ryan and Melissa Lenos, when doing shot-by-shot analysis, we start with describing the techniques used in the shots or images we are analyzing. After that, we also need to elaborate what effects these techniques can produce when viewing the movie; for example, camera leads what we see in the film so the changes in camera angles have impact on audience's interpretations of the meanings the movie tries to convey. Some of the techniques used in film producing could be composition (foreground/background, frame/raming, etc.), cinematography (close-up, medium shot and long shot, pan shot, tilt shot, etc.), editing (montage, eyeline match, etc.), and so on.
Recent developments from internet-based film analysts
A number of varied film analysis approaches have emerged and gained popularity on the internet such as those by Red Letter Media and Rob Ager. In Room 237, a 2012 documentary showcasing a variety of such interpretations of Stanley Kubrick's 1980 horror film The Shining, was screened at the Cannes Film Festival and generated wide media coverage followed by a distribution deal. The film has since generated considerable comment and debate from film critics and film communities.
See also
3D LUT
1951 USAF resolution test chart
Color Lookup Table
Computer display
Digital Picture Exchange
Film theory
Glossary of video terms
Grayscale
Indexed color
List of film topics (extensive alphabetical listing)
List of monochrome and RGB color formats
Optical resolution
SMPTE color bars
SMPTE Universal Leader
Snellen chart
Test card
List of BBC test cards
Test film
References
External links
Glossary
Film theory | wiki |
Плексипп () — имя ряда персонажей древнегреческой мифологии:
Плексипп (сын Фестия) — из Этолии.
Плексипп (сын Финея) — из Фракии.
Плексипп — брат Эгея. | wiki |
Chylnus substriatum is een keversoort uit de familie van de loopkevers (Carabidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1960 door Moore.
Loopkevers | wiki |
Al Menbar may refer to either of two political organizations in Bahrain:
Al-Menbar Islamic Society
Al-Menbar Progressive Democratic Society
Al-Menbar Media. A media company established by Yasser Al-Habib
See also
Minbar, the type of pulpit | wiki |
Sev is a popular Indian snack food consisting of small pieces of crunchy noodles made from chickpea flour paste, which are seasoned with turmeric, cayenne, and ajwain before being deep-fried in oil. These noodles vary in thickness. Ready-to-eat varieties of sev, including flavoured sev, are available in Indian stores.
Sev is eaten as a standalone snack as well as a topping on dishes like bhelpuri and sevpuri. Sev can be made at home and stored for weeks in airtight containers.
Sev is a popular snack in India with several regional variations, particularly for chaat snacks in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar where it is eaten topped with sweetened boondi. The snack is also popular in Madhya Pradesh, especially in the cities of Indore, Ujjain and Ratlam, where many snack foods consist of sev as a main ingredient. In Madhya Pradesh, sev is used as a side ingredient in almost every chaat snack food, especially ratlami sev, which is made from cloves and chickpea flour. Many varieties of sev are sold commercially, such as laung (clove in Hindi) sev, tomato sev, palak sev, plain sev, and bhujia.
Mota sev is a variety of sev which is bigger in size.
In the UK, popular varieties of sev mixed with nuts, lentils and pulses are commonly sold as 'Bombay mix'.
References
Indian snack foods
Deep fried foods
Chickpea dishes | wiki |
Australia's Got Talent (pol. Australia ma Talent) – australijska wersja talent show Britain's Got Talent należąca do serii Got Talent. W finale najpierw dwóch uczestników wybierają jurorzy, a później finalistę wybierają widzowie.
Prezenterzy i jurorzy
Prezenterzy
Jurorzy
Finaliści
Przypisy
Programy formatu Got Talent
Australijskie programy telewizyjne
Programy telewizji Seven Network
Programy telewizji Nine Network | wiki |
A mollete () is a type of bread in Spanish cuisine, or an open-faced sandwich with beans and cheese in Mexican cuisine.
In Spanish cuisine
A is a flatbread from the Andalusian region, in southern Spain. It is a soft round white bread, usually served lightly toasted with olive oil and raw garlic or spread with lard (usually in the forms of manteca colorá or ) in an Andalusian breakfast. The most famous are the ones from Antequera, Málaga.
In Mexican cuisine
A , native to Mexico City, is made with sliced lengthwise and partially hollowed, filled with refried beans, and topped with cheese and slices of jalapeño or serrano peppers. It is then grilled in an oven until the cheese melts. The refried beans are "" (literally, "butter beans") known outside of the region as "pinto beans".
The traditional cheeses used are queso ranchero, , or queso menonita. The queso ranchero is most similar to Parmesan with less aging, the asadero is a creamy provolone, and the menonita most closely resembles Havarti.
in southern Mexico can be served with salsa or or topped with sliced ham, chorizo, bacon or mushrooms.
There is also a "sweet type" , made of a buttered sprinkled with sugar or honey and broiled until crisp.
Molletes as a breakfast
Molletes can also be eaten as a simple, inexpensive and adequate breakfast.
See also
References
Mexican cuisine
Spanish cuisine
Yeast breads
Legume dishes
Cheese sandwiches
Open-faced sandwiches
Hot sandwiches | wiki |
Huxley's layer is the second layer of the inner root sheath of the hair and consists of one or two layers of horny, flattened, nucleated cells. It lies between Henle's layer and the cuticle. The layer is named after English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley.
See also
Thomas Huxley
References
External links
Hair Transplant
Hair anatomy | wiki |
A boshiya (also called a bushiyyah or ghatwa) is a Middle Eastern, specifically Persian Gulf-style, full see through black veil which covers the wearer's face completely, with no openings for the eyes, and is traditionally worn with an abaya or other overgarment.
A boshiyyah or bushiyyah is essentially a large square of thin, cotton gauze material, with ties at the top, and is worn from the top of the forehead (either under or over the wearer's headscarf) and simply drapes down over the entire face, and, when flipped up, exposes the wearer's face in its entirety. A boshiyyah is normally not as opaque and covering as a traditional Niqab; they can also be worn to supplement a half-style Niqab or if the wearer desires extra modesty around non-related (non-mahram) men.
Sources
Islamic female clothing
Veils | wiki |
Lions' Gate, Lion Gate or similar terms may refer to:
Gates
Lion Gate at Mycenae in Greece
Lion Gate, one of the entrances to the ancient Hittite city of Hattusa, now in Turkey
Lion Gate, one of the entrances to the gardens of Hampton Court Palace in London
Lion Gate, one of the entrances to Kew Gardens in London
Lions Gate (Porta Leoni), Roman gate in Verona
Lions' Gate, also called St. Stephen's Gate, Old City of Jerusalem
Porte des Lions, monumental passageway in the Louvre Palace
Places (real or fictional)
Lions Gate Bridge in British Columbia
Lionsgate City, a fictional setting in Kenneth Oppel's 2004 novel Airborn
Other uses
Lion's Gate Project, professional wrestling developmental branch
Liongate Capital Management
Lionsgate, US-based entertainment company
Lionsgate Films, the company's film studio division
Lionsgate Academy, a public charter school in Minnesota, United States
Lions at the Gate, an American heavy metal musical ensemble | wiki |
Samuel Hammond (1757–1842) was an American Revolutionary War officer and U.S. Representative from Georgia.
Samuel Hammond may also refer to:
Samuel H. Hammond (1809–1878), American lawyer, author, newspaper editor and politician from New York
Samuel M. Hammond (1870–1934), American football coach and physician
Samuel Hammond (minister) (died 1665), Church of England minister and nonconformist
Samuel Hammond Jr. (1949–1968), American student killed in the 1968 Orangeburg massacre | wiki |
VBH may refer to:
Vicki Butler-Henderson, a British motorsport driver and television presenter
Virginal breast hypertrophy, a medical condition causing excessive growth of the breasts during puberty.
VBH Luxury, Italian Luxury Accessories House | wiki |
Merchant services is a broad category of financial services intended for use by businesses. In its most specific use, it usually refers to merchant processing services that enables a business to accept a transaction payment through a secure (encrypted) channel using the customer's credit card or debit card or NFC/RFID enabled device. More generally, the term may include:
Credit and debit cards payment processing
Check guarantee and check conversion services
Automated clearing house check drafting and payment services
Gift card and loyalty programs
Payment gateway
Merchant cash advances
Online transaction processing
Point of sale (POS) systems
Electronic benefit transfer programs, such as ration stamps (called food stamps in the U.S.).
Merchant service providers work as an intermediary between the bank, a person or organisation wanting to receive funds and the person or organisation looking to purchase goods or services. The merchant service provider will provide businesses and individuals with the requirements to accept credit cards, debit cards, and other forms of electronic payment for the transaction to take place.
Not all merchant service providers offer their merchants a specified merchant account, but act as an intermediary for their merchants by holding funds collected from successful payments under the MSPs "blanket account". Funds are then distributed to merchants according to the amounts they have processed.
For example, a retailer selling a product to a customer. The customer uses a payment card for the purchase, the merchant service provider will move the customer's funds to that of the retailer. This can usually take up to 48 hours for these funds to be credited to the retailer's bank account. Some merchant service providers offer cash advance services to transfer funds faster.
Merchant service providers typically require the merchant to have a merchant account with the provider, either directly or through a referral partner, such as banks or B2B service companies. All banks in the United Kingdom, except for Barclays/Barclaycard, offer merchant services by referring customers to a merchant service provider. A Merchant services provider will set up a merchant account, a special type of bank account that allows transactions to come in via the merchant payment gateway.
In the case of mPOS systems, mobile pin entry devices (PED) are typically connected to a mobile phone through Bluetooth and then use the phone's WiFi or mobile data to connect with the banks. This system does not require a merchant account although the companies that offer this type of service will still have a relationship with an acquirer. The cost of payments made through mPOS are significantly higher so it is more suitable for businesses that do not put through many card transactions. There is usually also a charge for buying the device from the mPOS system provider.
References | wiki |
Concerto per viola e orchestra di Béla Bartók
Concerto per viola e orchestra in re maggiore di Franz Anton Hoffmeister
Concerto per viola e orchestra in si bemolle maggiore di Franz Anton Hoffmeister | wiki |
Academic institutions, including high schools, boarding schools, colleges, and university campuses, have historically been recurring settings for horror films. Film scholars have noted the prominence of educational institutions in the development of horror cinema, particularly in the subgenre of the slasher film. Critics such as Andrew Grunzke have cited the themes of bullying, sexuality, social acceptance, parent-child relationships, academic performance, and the development of morality during teenage and young adult life as primary reasons that many horror films have historically used the backdrop of high schools and colleges. Additionally, the universalization of education during the twentieth century, which coincided with the development of the horror film, helped foster a public audience for films set amongst students.
Colleges and universities
Campuses
Fraternities and sororities
Secondary institutions
Academies
Boarding schools
High schools
See also
Notes
References
Sources
Further reading
Films about school violence
Lists of horror films
Lists of films by setting | wiki |
Rosenthal Field was a ballpark in Lubbock, Texas, home to the Lubbock Hubbers, who played in many professional leagues for many years before it was no longer in use.
Notes
References
"Texas Almanac 2008–2009", The Dallas Morning News, c.2008
Baseball venues in Texas
Baseball in Lubbock, Texas
Sports venues in Lubbock, Texas
Former buildings and structures in Lubbock, Texas | wiki |
Telera may refer to:
Telera (Dominican bread), in Dominican Republic cuisine
Telera (Mexican bread), a sandwich bread
Telera (Spanish bread), a shaped bread from Córdoba | wiki |
Presupposizione (diritto)
Presupposizione (linguistica)
Altri progetti | wiki |
Social Consumerism occurs when the consumer's needs are met, the business achieves profitability and a social issue is positively affected. This is very different than traditional business models where only the first two objectives are achieved.
The value of social consumerism is that it takes the responsibility of the charitable donation away from the consumer and ties the philanthropic action to what consumers do naturally (e.g. eat out and part of the tab goes to a food charity.)
As many as 92% of moms and 88% of millennials want to buy from organizations that support a good cause.
References
Business terms
Social concepts | wiki |
DTV kan vara:
Digital television
Direkt till video
C64 Direct-to-TV | wiki |
The following is a list of the North Dakota Supreme Court justices, split into their respective courts.
North Dakota Supreme Court justices
Supreme Court Justices
North Dakota | wiki |
Target Australia Pty Ltd (formerly Lindsay's and Lindsay's Target, formerly stylised as Target. and doing business as Target and Target Australia) is a department store chain owned by Australian retail conglomerate Wesfarmers. Target stocks clothing, cosmetics, homewares, electronics, books, and toys selling both in-store and online. The company's head office is located in the Melbourne suburb of Williams Landing and opened in 2018. Despite the identical logo, name and similar type of outlets, Target Australia carries no direct relation or affiliation to the American big box retailer Target Corporation.
History
Beginnings as Lindsay's
In 1926, George Lindsay and Alex McKenzie opened their first store in Geelong selling dress fabrics, bedding and furnishings. Lindsay began his retail empire five years earlier, running a store in Ouyen, Victoria, but moved to Geelong to increase the opportunity for growth. The company progressively established stores throughout Victoria, running with a policy of selling quality goods at half the normal rate of profit.
In 1968, Myer Emporium purchased the chain of 16 stores and renamed the company Lindsay's Target. They moved into the South Australian market with the first "Target" store opening in Newton, South Australia in October 1970 with an aim to expand the business. The new discount department store quickly established itself throughout Australia, and within three years had stores in Victoria, South Australia, Queensland and New South Wales. In March 1973, "Lindsay's" was dropped from the company name and the business was renamed Target Australia. The mainly Victorian-based "Lindsay's" stores, with the positioning of "Sell it for Less", were rolled into the "Target" discount department store group, now carrying over its leading position of quality soft goods to the larger Target discount department store format, while maintaining its base in Geelong.
By 1982, Myer was operating 27 stores under the Target brand, but sold 22 of them, with 14 going to GJ Coles & Coy Ltd.
Coles-Myer era
In August 1985, Myer Emporium Ltd and GJ Coles & Coy Ltd merged to become Coles Myer Limited. In 1996, Coles Myer merged the Target and Fosseys brands, and their first speciality store Baby Target was established. Then in 1998, their second speciality store, Target Home opened. Fosseys stores were later renamed Target Country, becoming the third speciality store under the Target name.
In 2001, Target announced its first ever loss, to the sum of $43m. A new senior management team replaced the former, with Target repositioning itself from a store directly competing with Kmart and Big W, to a more stylish, up-market, but still value-for-money, alternative to speciality stores. Store fittings and layouts were altered to reflect this change and whole departments such as self-service confectionery and home decorator (paint) were removed from all stores. In 2006, Target appointed Launa Inman as managing director. She was named Telstra Businesswomen of the Year in 2003, as a result of her achievements as an apparel retail buyer for the company. Her work saw Target's $32 million loss at the end of 2000 turn into a $68 million profit 18 months later.
Wesfarmers era
Prior to its November 2007 takeover of Coles Group, Wesfarmers stated in August 2007 that it would consider converting some Kmart stores to the Target brand.
In May 2009, Target stopped providing free plastic bags for its customers, but in 2013 reversed this decision. In November 2011, Dene Rogers, the former chief executive of North American retailer Sears Canada, replaced Inman as Target's managing director. However, by April 2013 Rogers had been replaced by former chief operations director at Coles, Stuart Machin.
In February 2016, Wesfarmers restructured Target and Kmart under a single department stores division known as the Kmart Group, headed by Kmart managing director Guy Russo. An accounting scandal that created $21 million in fraudulent profits was reported on 11 April 2016. Although it is not believed CEO Stuart Machin orchestrated or ordered the accounting irregularities, he took the blame for the scandal and departed Target.
In June 2016, at a Wesfarmers annual strategy briefing Guy Russo announced that Target would be exiting toy sales, pet care, and luggage. In the same year Target saw a loss of 1$95 million. According to Mr Russo, 20% of Target's 305 stores would be closed over a five year period. Target planned to market shift, becoming a "mid-tier" new boutique retailer, competing with the likes of foreign fast fashion giants H&M, Uniqlo and Zara.
Target announced in April 2016 it would relocate its Geelong head office to Melbourne, resulting in an unspecified number of redundancies. Following the April 2016 announcement, Wesfarmers confirmed in December that Target would relocate to Williams Landing in late 2018.
In June 2017, Wesfarmers announced that Target and Kmart would be merging some of their back-office operations including procurement. Some Target stores would be converted to Kmart stores while other Target and Target Country stores would be closed. , Target had 284 stores throughout Australia: 191 Target stores, and 93 Target Country stores.
In May 2020, further store closures and consolidations were announced with up to 1,300 employees moving to other Wesfarmers businesses. The large restructuring of Target Australia, is a result of its parent company Wesfarmers, claiming that a changing retail landscape in which consumers are opting for "cheap and cheerful" products, mixed with some high-end purchases. The store closures and conversions were expected to last from early 2020 to early-mid 2021. The proposed changes were as follows:
10–40 Target stores were converted to Kmart.
10–25 other Target stores were closed.
52 Target Country stores converted to small-format Kmart stores, called K Hubs. The remaining 50 Target Country stores were closed.
In total up to 92 Target stores were converted into Kmart stores with a whole total of 167 stores closed or converted.
Despite its great brand recognition, Target as a large-format retail offering was potentially cannibalising sales from sister group Kmart and didn't offer a great enough point of difference compared to Myer and David Jones. On Target Australia's website, they attributed the cause of the closures as "improving the commercial viability of the business and to support the thousands of people we employ... we need to adapt our business — to make it smaller, more focused, less complex and more digitally enabled so we can better serve our customers both in store and online."
In early 2022 Target had launched their new rebrand which they called "That's Target". Over the month of February they launched new ads that told a story of daily struggles of life and ended with the catch phrase such as "That's quality. That's Target".
Target store formats
Target
There are currently 124 Target department stores located throughout Australia that stock the full range of Target's products. Target is also pushing their online presence since the major closures. Each state and territory have at least two Target stores:
Australian Capital Territory - 2 stores
New South Wales - 32 stores
Northern Territory - 2 stores
Queensland - 30 stores
South Australia - 12 stores
Tasmania - 4 stores
Victoria - 30 stores
Western Australia - 12 stores
Former store formats
Target Country
Fosseys was established in 1926 at George Street, Sydney by Alfred Bristow Fossey and grew to 148 stores throughout Australia, with an annual turnover of $300 million. As part of the acquisition of Grace Bros, which had purchased JB Young's of Queanbeyan who owned Fosseys, Coles Myer came to own Fosseys. Coles Myer used the Fossey’s brand to unify a range of smaller variety stores trading under a range of other names, including Coles Variety stores, which had been the foundation of GJ Coles & Coy Ltd.
Coles Myer merged the operations of Fosseys with Target in 1996, redesigning Fosseys stores to focus on family apparel retailing in rural Australia. It also introduced Fosseys branded merchandise with attributes of value, convenience and confidence.
Fosseys stores began converting to Target Country in 1999, along with Fosseys stores being closed when they were in close proximity to a larger Target store. By 2001, all Fosseys stores located close to Target stores were closed; the remaining Fosseys stores, rebranded as Target Country, continue to focus on apparel sales in smaller towns without full-merchandise Target stores. The first Fosseys store to be rebranded as Target Country, was Target Country Wonthaggi (Relocated to a larger space, now Kmart) As of 1 July 2007, employees of Fosseys (Australia) Pty Ltd were transferred to Target Australia Pty Ltd, and Fosseys as a legal entity was dissolved. A store count at June 2008, there were 118 Target Country stores throughout Australia.
From the mid 1990s onwards, there was a rebranding of some Grace Bros stores in regional NSW to Target. This included a large number of stores which had previously been part of the Dubbo based Western Stores. Locations which converted from Grace Bros to Target and then Target Country include Bathurst, Cowra, West Wyalong, Forbes, and Young (all closed as of 2021).
Target Country store numbers were growing, and gained popularity in regional and remote communities, as Australians loved having access to the fashions and homewares of Target, which were increasingly popular and on price. Stores were refitted and mimicked the appearance of a larger Target store, along with the replacement of the Fosseys POS to Target “touchscreen” POS. As part of Target's 2020 restructuring Target Country stores have been closed or converted. The last Target Country store, Target Country Salamander Bay (NSW), closed its doors for the last time on 8 May 2021.
Urban by Target
Urban by Target was a format tried by Target initially at South Yarra, Victoria at The Jam Factory, after taking over a closed Virgin Megastore. The format was introduced in 2010, with a second location opening in 2011, at Flemington, Victoria at Flemington Village. A third location was also opened in 2011, at Pasadena, South Australia, at Pasadena Shopping Centre. The format was smaller than a traditional Target department store and was focused on clothing and home wares. The location at Flemington was closed down, followed by Pasadena, which remained but converted into a traditional Target department store and was eventually converted to South Australia's first TK Maxx store. South Yarra was renovated with the new logo, in black instead of red for the iconic Target symbol, although this location was closed down permanently.
Target Home
Another format tried by Target was the homewares-themed store Target Home but was later discontinued. Target Home stores have since been phased out to become larger Target stores, and still stock a larger range of homewares in a number of locations in Australia including Joondalup and Westfield Carousel in WA, Edwardstown in SA, Highpoint (now Kmart) and Greensborough Plaza in VIC, and Westfield Warringah Mall in NSW (now Kmart).
Designers for Target
In March 2007, Target launched a 42-piece winter collection designed by Stella McCartney and Britney Spears. A number of metropolitan stores sold out of the range as soon as 10 minutes after opening, and items from the collection soon began appearing for sale on eBay at inflated prices. Another Stella McCartney collection was released in October 2010, to lesser fanfare.
In May 2007, Target announced its next designer range from Goot to a mixed reaction, and subsequently produced a collaboration with American designer Zac Posen in April 2008. In the same month, Australian fashion designer Collette Dinnigan released a range of lingerie labelled the 'Wild Hearts' collection.
In February 2012, Target launched a line of men's lingerie designed by American burlesque dancer and model Dita Von Teese. Throughout 2012, Target also announced designer collaborations for children with Collette Dinnigan and Ksubi and Roberto Cavalli for women.
In March 2016, Target launched a collection of women's, men's, children's and homewares by French fashion designer Jean-Paul Gaultier.
Gallery
See also
Department stores around the world
References
External links
Department stores of Australia
Discount stores of Australia
Companies established in 1926
1926 establishments in Australia
Retail companies established in 1926
Coles Group
Companies based in Victoria (Australia)
Scandals in Australia
Toy retailers of Australia
Clothing retailers of Australia
Online retailers of Australia
Furniture retailers of Australia
Wesfarmers | wiki |
A chat room is part of a website where visitors can converse in typed messages.
Chat room or chatroom may also refer to:
Chat Room (film), a 2002 American comedy film
Chat Room (novel), a 2006 novel by Barbara Biggs
Chat Room (TV program), an American educational television series
Chatroom (film), a 2010 British thriller drama film | wiki |
This is a list of the largest planned renewable energy projects rated by proposed generating capacity (larger than 5 GW).
References
Renewable energy
Planned | wiki |
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