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The following is the list of episodes of the MSNBC documentary TV series, Lockup.
Series overview
Episodes
Season 1 (2005–06)
Season 2 (2006)
Season 3 (2007)
Season 4 (2008–09)
Season 5 (2009)
Season 6 (2010)
Season 7 (2010)
Season 8 (2010)
Season 9 (2010–11)
Season 10 (2011)
Season 11 (2011)
Season 12 (2012)
Season 13 (2012)
Season 14 (2012)
Season 15 (2013)
Season 16 (2013)
Season 17 (2014)
Season 18 (2014)
Season 19 (2014)
Season 20 (2014)
Season 21 (2015)
Season 22 (2015)
Season 23 (2015)
Season 24 (2015)
Season 25 (2017)
External links
44 Blue Productions website
Series page at 44 Blue Productions
Series page at MSNBC
Lockup episodes | wiki |
Chert () is a hard, fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz, the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO2). Chert is characteristically of biological origin, but may also occur inorganically as a chemical precipitate or a diagenetic replacement, as in petrified wood.
Chert is typically composed of the petrified remains of siliceous ooze, the biogenic sediment that covers large areas of the deep ocean floor, and which contains the silicon skeletal remains of diatoms, silicoflagellates, and radiolarians. Precambrian cherts are notable for the presence of fossil cyanobacteria. In addition to microfossils, chert occasionally contains macrofossils. However, some chert is devoid of any fossils.
Chert varies greatly in color (from white to black), but most often manifests as gray, brown, grayish brown and light green to rusty red (occasionally dark green); its color is an expression of trace elements present in the rock, and both red and green are most often related to traces of iron (in its oxidized and reduced forms, respectively).
Description
In petrology, the term "chert" refers generally to all chemically precipitated sedimentary rocks composed primarily of microcrystalline, cryptocrystalline and microfibrous silica. Most cherts are nearly pure silica, with less than 5% other minerals (mostly calcite, dolomite, clay minerals, hematite, and organic matter.) However, cherts range from very pure cherts with over 99% silica content to impure nodular cherts with less than 65% silica content. Aluminium is the most abundant minor element, followed by iron and manganese or potassium, sodium, and calcium. Extracrystalline water (tiny inclusions of water within and around the quartz grains) make up less than 1% of most cherts.
The Folk classification divides chert into three textural categories. Granular microquartz is the component of chert consisting of roughly equidimensional quartz grains, ranging in size from a fraction of a micron to 20 microns, but most typically 8 to 10 microns. Chalcedony is a microfibrous variety of quartz, consisting of radiating bundles of very thin crystals about 100 microns long. Megaquartz is composed of equidimensional grains over 20 microns in size. Most chert is microcrystalline quartz with minor chalcedony and sometimes opal, but cherts range from nearly pure opal to nearly pure quartz chert. However, little opal is over 60 million years old. Opaline chert often contains visible fossils of diatoms, radiolarians, and glass sponge spicules.
Chert is found in settings as diverse as hot spring deposits (siliceous sinter), banded iron formation (jaspilite), or alkaline lakes. However, most chert is found either as bedded chert or as nodular chert. Bedded chert is more common in Precambrian beds, but nodular chert became more common in the Phanerozoic as the total volume of chert in the rock record diminished. Bedded chert is rare after the early Mesozoic. Chert became moderately abundant during the Devonian and Carboniferous and again became moderately abundant from the Jurassic to the present.
Bedded chert
Bedded chert, also known as ribbon chert, takes the form of thinly bedded layers (a few centimeters to a meter in thickness) of nearly pure chert separated by very thin layers of silica-rich shale. It is usually black to green in color, and the full sequence of beds may be several hundred meters thick. The shale is typically black shale, sometimes with pyrite, indicating deposition in an anoxic environment. Bedded chert is most often found in association with turbidites, deep water limestone, submarine volcanic rock, ophiolites, and mélanges on active margins of tectonic plates. Sedimentary structures are rare in bedded cherts. The typically high purity of bedded chert, like the high purity of other chemically precipitated rock, points to deposition in areas where there is little influx of detrital sediments (such as river water laden with silt and clay particles.) Such impurities as are present include authigenic pyrite and hematite, formed in the sediments after they were deposited, in addition to traces of detrital minerals.
Seawater typically contains between 0.01 and 11 parts per million (ppm) of silica, with around 1 ppm being typical. This is far below saturation, indicating that silica cannot normally be precipitated from seawater through inorganic processes. The silica is instead extracted from seawater by living organisms, such as diatoms, radiolarians, and glass sponges, which can efficiently extract silica even from very unsaturated water, and which are estimated to presently produce of opal per year in the world's oceans. Diatoms can double their numbers eight times a day under ideal conditions (though doubling once per day is more typical in normal seawater) and can extract silica from water with as little as 0.1 ppm silica. The organisms protect their skeletons from dissolution by "armoring" them with metal ions. Once the organisms die, their skeletons will quickly dissolve unless they accumulate on the ocean bottom and are buried, forming siliceous ooze that is 30% to 60% silica. Thus, bedded cherts are typically composed mostly of fossil remains of organisms that secrete silica skeletons, which are usually altered by solution and recrystallization.
The skeletons of these organisms are composed of opal-A, an amorphous form of silica, lacking long-range crystal structure. This is gradually transformed to opal-CT, a microcrystalline form of silica composed mostly of bladed crystals of cristobalite and tridymite. Much opal-CT takes the form of lepispheres, which are clusters of bladed crystals about 10 microns in diameter. Opal-CT in turn transforms to microquartz. In deep ocean water, the transition to opal-CT occurs at a temperature of about while the transition to microquartz occurs at a temperature of about . However, the transition temperature varies considerably, and the transition is hastened by the presence of magnesium hydroxide, which provides a nucleus for the recrystallization. Megaquartz forms at elevated temperatures typical of metamorphism.
There is evidence that the variety of chert called porcelainite, which is characterized by a high content of opal-CT, recrystallizes at very shallow depths. The Caballos Novaculite of Texas also shows signs of very shallow water deposition, including shallow water sedimentary structures and evaporite pseudomorphs, which are casts of crystals of soluble minerals that could only have formed in near-surface conditions. This novaculate appears to have formed by replacement of carbonate fecal pellets by chert.
Subvarieties
Bedded cherts can be further subdivided by the kinds of organisms that produced the silica skeletons.
Diatomaceous chert consists of beds and lenses of diatomite which were converted during diagenesis into dense, hard chert. Beds of marine diatomaceous chert comprising strata several hundred meters thick have been reported from sedimentary sequences such as the Miocene Monterey Formation of California and occur in rocks as old as the Cretaceous. Diatoms were the dominant siliceous organism responsible for extracting silica from seawater from the Jurassic and later.
Radiolarite consists mostly of remains of radiolarians. When the remains are well-cemented with silica, it is known as radiolarian chert. Many show evidence of a deep-water origin, but some appear to have formed in water as shallow as , perhaps in shelf seas where upwelling of nutrient-rich deep ocean water support high organic productivity. Radiolarians dominated the extraction of silica from seawater prior to the Jurassic.
Spicularite is chert composed of spicules of glass sponges and other invertebrates. When densely cemented, it is known as spicular chert. They are found in association with glauconite-rich sandstone, black shale, clay-rich limestone, phosphorites, and other nonvolcanic rocks typical of water a few hundred meters deep.
Some bedded cherts appear devoid of fossils even under close microscopic examination. Their origin is uncertain, but they may form from fossil remains that are completely dissolved in fluids that then migrate to precipitate their silica load in a nearby bed. Eolian quartz has also been suggested as a source of silica for chert beds. Precambrian bedded cherts are common, making up 15% of middle Precambrian sedimentary rock, and may have been deposited nonbiologically in oceans more saturated in silica than the modern ocean. The high degree of silica saturation was due either to intense volcanic activity or to the lack of modern organisms that remove silica from seawater.
Nodular chert
Nodular chert is most common in limestone but may also be found in shales and sandstones. It is less common in dolomite. Nodular chert in carbonate rocks is found as oval to irregular nodules. These vary in size from powdery quartz particles to nodules several meters in size. The nodules are most typically along bedding planes or stylolite (dissolution) surfaces, where fossil organisms tended to accumulate and provided a source of dissolved silica, but they are sometimes found cutting across bedding surfaces, where the chert fills fossil burrows, fluid escape structures, or fractures. Nodules under a few centimeters in size tend to be egg-shaped, while larger nodules form irregular bodies with knobby surfaces. The outer few centimeters of large nodules may show desiccation cracks with secondary chert, which likely formed at the same time as the nodule. Calcareous fossils are occasionally present that have been completely silicified. Where chert occurs in chalk or marl, it is usually called flint.
Nodular chert is often dark in color with a white weathering rind.
Most chert nodules have textures suggesting they were formed by diagenetic replacement, where silica was deposited in place of calcium carbonate or clay minerals. This may have taken place where meteoric water (water derived from snow or rain) mixed with saltwater in the sediment beds, where carbon dioxide was trapped, producing an environment supersaturated with silica and undersaturated with calcium carbonate. Nodular chert is particularly common in continental shelf environments. In the Permian Basin (North America), chert nodules and chertified fossils are abundant in basin limestones, but there is little in the carbonate buildup zone itself. This may reflect dissolution of opal where carbonate is being actively deposited, a lack of siliceous organisms in these environments, or removal of siliceous skeletons by strong currents that redeposit the siliceous material in the deep basin.
The silica in nodular chert likely precipitates as opal-A, based on internal banding in nodules, and may recrystallize directly to microquartz without first recrystallizing to opal-CT. Some nodular chert may precipitate directly as microquartz, due to low levels of supersaturation of silica.
Other occurrences
The banded iron formations of Precambrian age are composed of alternating layers of chert and iron oxides.
Nonmarine cherts may form in saline alkaline lakes as thin lenses or nodules showing sedimentary structures suggestive of evaporite origin. Such cherts are forming today in the alkaline lakes of the East African Rift Valley. These lakes are characterized by sodium carbonate brines with very high pH that can contain as much as 2700 ppm silica. Episodes of runoff of fresh water into the lakes lowers the pH and precipitates the unusual sodium silicate minerals magadiite or kenyaite, After burial and diagenesis, these are altered to Magadi-type chert. The Morrison Formation contains Magadi-type chert that may have formed in the alkaline Lake T'oo'dichi'.
Chert may also form from replacement of calcrete in fossil soils (paleosols) by silica dissolved from overlying volcanic ash beds.
Fossils
The cryptocrystalline nature of chert, combined with its above average ability to resist weathering, recrystallization and metamorphism has made it an ideal rock for preservation of early life forms.
For example:
The 3.2 Ga chert of the Fig Tree Formation in the Barberton Mountains between Eswatini and South Africa preserved non-colonial unicellular bacteria-like fossils.
The Gunflint Chert of western Ontario (1.9 to 2.3 Ga) preserves not only bacteria and cyanobacteria but also organisms believed to be ammonia-consuming and some that resemble green algae and fungus-like organisms.
The Apex Chert (3.4 Ga) of the Pilbara craton, Australia preserved eleven taxa of prokaryotes. However, these findings have been disputed.
The Bitter Springs Formation of the Amadeus Basin, Central Australia, preserves 850 Ma cyanobacteria and algae.
The Rhynie chert (410 Ma) of Scotland has remains of a Devonian land flora and fauna with preservation so perfect that it allows cellular studies of the fossils.
Prehistoric and historic uses
Chert is of only modest economic importance today as a source of silica (quartz sand being much more important.) However, chert deposits may be associated with valuable deposits of iron, uranium, manganese, phosphorite, and petroleum.
Tools
In prehistoric times, chert was often used as a raw material for the construction of stone tools. Like obsidian, as well as some rhyolites, felsites, quartzites, and other tool stones used in lithic reduction, chert fractures in a Hertzian cone when struck with sufficient force. This results in conchoidal fractures, a characteristic of all minerals with no cleavage planes. In this kind of fracture, a cone of force propagates through the material from the point of impact, eventually removing a full or partial cone; this result is familiar to anyone who has seen what happens to a plate-glass window when struck by a small object, such as an air gun projectile. The partial Hertzian cones produced during lithic reduction are called flakes, and exhibit features characteristic of this sort of breakage, including striking platforms, bulbs of force, and occasionally eraillures, which are small secondary flakes detached from the flake's bulb of force.
When a chert stone is struck against an iron-bearing surface, sparks result. This makes chert an excellent tool for starting fires, and both flint and common chert were used in various types of fire-starting tools, such as tinderboxes, throughout history. A primary historic use of common chert and flint was for flintlock firearms, in which the chert striking a metal plate produces a spark that ignites a small reservoir containing black powder, discharging the firearm.
Construction
Cherts are subject to problems when used as concrete aggregates. Deeply weathered chert develops surface pop-outs when used in concrete that undergoes freezing and thawing because of the high porosity of weathered chert. The other concern is that certain cherts undergo an alkali-silica reaction with high-alkali cements. This reaction leads to cracking and expansion of concrete and ultimately to failure of the material.
Varieties
There are numerous varieties of chert, classified based on their visible, microscopic and physical characteristics. Some of the more common varieties are:
Flint is a compact microcrystalline quartz. It was originally the name for chert found in chalk or marly limestone formations formed by a replacement of calcium carbonate with silica. Commonly found as nodules, this variety was often used in past times to make bladed tools. Today, some geologists refer to any dark gray to black chert as flint. The dark color is from inclusions of organic matter. Among non-geologists, the distinction between "flint" and "chert" is often one of quality – chert being lower quality than flint. This usage of the terminology is particularly prevalent in Great Britain where most true flint (found in chalk formations) was of better quality than "common chert" (from limestone formations).
"Common chert" is a variety of chert which forms in limestone formations by replacement of calcium carbonate with silica. This is the most abundantly found variety of chert. It is generally considered to be less attractive for producing gem stones and bladed tools than flint.
Jasper is a variety of chert formed as primary deposits, found in or in connection with magmatic formations which owes its red color to hematite inclusions. Jasper frequently also occurs in black, yellow or even green (depending on the type of iron it contains). Jasper is usually opaque to near opaque. Jasper is also present in banded iron formation, where it is described as jaspilite.
Radiolarite is a variety of chert formed as primary deposits and containing radiolarian microfossils. Many show evidence of a deep-water origin, but some appear to have formed in water as shallow as ,
Chalcedony is a microfibrous quartz.
Agate is distinctly banded chalcedony with successive layers differing in color or value.
Onyx is a banded agate with layers in parallel lines, often black and white (sardonyx).
Magadi-type chert is a variety that forms from a sodium silicate precursor in highly alkaline lakes such as Lake Magadi in Kenya.
Novaculite is a very dense, fine-grained, and uniform form of very pure white chert with a high content of extracrystalline water. It is most common in the mid-Paleozoic rocks of Texas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas in the south-central United States, where it has undergone some metamorphism.
Porcelanite is a term used for fine-grained siliceous rocks with a texture and a fracture resembling those of unglazed porcelain. It likely forms in shallow water and is composed mostly of opal-CT.
Tripolitic chert (or tripoli) is a light-colored porous friable siliceous (largely chalcedonic) sedimentary rock, which results from the weathering (decalcification) of chert or siliceous limestone.
Siliceous sinter is porous, low-density, light-colored siliceous rock deposited by waters of hot springs and geysers.
Mozarkite a varicolored, easily polished Ordovician chert that takes a high polish. It is the state rock of Missouri.
Other lesser used archaic terms for chert are firestone and silex.
See also
not to be confused with Concretion
, archaeological artefacts of the Clovis culture in New Mexico
, a prehistoric chert mine in Alba County, Romania
References
External links
Photo & note re: Fig Tree Formation
Microphotographs of Fig Tree fossils
Schopf, J.W. (1999) Cradle of Life: The Discovery of Earth's Earliest Fossils, Princeton University Press, 336 p.
An Archaeological Guide To Chert Types Of East-Central Illinois
Firelighting using percussion
Sedimentary rocks
Lithics
Quartz varieties | wiki |
At the 1964 Summer Olympics, eighteen swimming events were contested, ten for men and eight for women. There were a total of 405 participants from 42 countries competing. For the first time, the 4×100 metres freestyle relay for men and the 400 metres individual medley for both men and women were contested. Olympic records were broken in all events and the world record was broken in ten events. This competition also marked the debut of electronic touchpads for timing.
15-year-old Sharon Stouder won four medals, three of them gold.
Events
Participating nations
405 swimmers from 42 nations competed.
Medal table
Medal summary
Men's events
Women's events
Gallery of the medalists
Some of the Olympic medalists in Tokyo:
References
1964
1964 Summer Olympics events
1964 in swimming | wiki |
Slasher puede referirse a:
Slasher, un subgénero del cine de terror.
Slasher, alias del personaje de ficción de Marvel Sabretooth (Dientes de Sable).
Slasher, serie de terror. | wiki |
Civil Auto Liability () is a Romanian motor-vehicle liability insurance policy that covers damages caused to third parties. This insurance is legally mandatory for any motor vehicle owner in Romania. The insurance policy it is also known as RCA.
In case of an accident this insurance policy covers repair costs incurred by the party determined to not be at fault.
References
Liability insurance
Vehicle insurance | wiki |
Duncan är ett efternam:
Adam Duncan
Alfred Duncan
Arne Duncan
Art Duncan
George Duncan
Gustaf Duncan
Hal Duncan
Henry Duncan
Isadora Duncan
Jakob Duncan
James Duncan
Jeff Duncan
Jimmy Duncan
Jimmy Duncan (låtskrivare)
John Duncan
Jon Duncan
Joseph Duncan
Lindsay Duncan
Lois Duncan
Michael Clarke Duncan
Niclas Gustaf Duncan
Paul Duncan
Richard C. Duncan
Robert Duncan
Robert Duncan (poet)
Ronald Duncan
Tim Duncan
Se även
Duncan I av Skottland
Duncan II av Skottland
Engelska efternamn | wiki |
Johnny Cash was an American singer and songwriter.
Johnny Cash may also refer to:
"Johnny Cash" (Tracy Byrd song), 2004
Johnnycash machine, a promotion used by Canada Trust for their ATMs in the 1980s and 1990s with the slogan "Why walk the line?"
"Johnny Cash", a song by Yelawolf
"Johnny Cash" (Lenny Kravitz song)
See also
Johnny Cash discography, recordings by singer Johnny Cash
The Johnny Cash Show (TV series), a television series with singer Johnny Cash
The Johnny Cash Show (album), a 1970 album by Johnny Cash
Walk the Line, a 2005 film about Johnny Cash | wiki |
Центра́льный национа́льный комите́т может относиться к:
* Центральный национальный комитет
Центральный национальный комитет Индонезии | wiki |
Rosa 'Angel Face' is a pink floribunda rose cultivar, developed by Herbert Swim & Weeks Rose Growers, and introduced into the United States in 1968.. 'Angel Face' is a cross between floribundas, ('Circus' × 'Lavender Pinocchio') and hybrid tea, 'Sterling Silver'. The rose was named an All-America Rose Selections winner in 2002.
Description
According to Charles and Brigid Quest-Ritson, in their Encyclopedia of Roses, "'Angel Face' may have been introduced over 30 years ago, but it is still the best mauve Floribunda—living proof that old roses are sometimes better than new."
'Angel Face' is an upright, bushy plant with lustrous foliage and a neat 3-foot-tall and -wide form. It is a good rose to use as a cut flower. It is a compact growing plant, and blooms abundantly. It does best in full sun and any well-drained soil. It has 3", lavender ruffled-edge blossoms, edged in an attractive deeper ruby, and often grow on single stems as well as in clusters. Fragrance is strong and sweet, and the rose has won prizes on fragrance. It is hardy in zones 5–9. One must take intentional precautions against insects and disease early in the growing season, for the fragrant blossoms are a favorite snack to aphids and do fall prey to rose rust.
Awards
All-America Rose Selections (AARS) winner, USA, (1969)
Notes
References
Angel Face
1968 introductions | wiki |
Cet article présente les données ISO 3166-2 pour le Nigeria.
Mise à jour
ISO 3166-2:2000-06-21 .
Territoire de la capitale fédérale
États
ISO 3166
Subdivision au Nigeria
Liste en rapport avec le Nigeria | wiki |
ISO 3166-2 données pour la Pologne
Mise à jour
ISO 3166-2:2000-06-21 n°1
Voïvodies (16)
Codes ISO actuels
Codes avant le 26 novembre 2018
Notes et références
Lien externe
ISO 3166
Liste en rapport avec la Pologne | wiki |
ISO 3166-2 données pour le Việt Nam.
Mise à jour
ISO 3166-2:2000-06-21 I-1
ISO 3166-2:2005-09-13 I-7
Provinces (64) (vi: tỉnh)
Lien externe
Références :
Vietnam Cartographic Mapping Institute (1995, mise à jour BET 1996)
Vietnam Directory (1998)
Directoire des normes et de la qualité (TCVN), Hanoï (1999-09-11)
Administration nationale du tourisme du Việt Nam
Codification :
Département général de normalisation, de la métrologie et de la qualité (TCVN) (1988-05-05)
Secrétatiat ISO/TC 46/WG 2
Notes et références
ISO 3166
Liste en rapport avec le Viêt Nam | wiki |
Double Violin Concerto may refer to:
Concerto for Two Violins and String Orchestra, Op. 77 by Malcolm Arnold
Concerto for Two Violins in D minor, BWV 1043 by Johann Sebastian Bach
Double Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra, Op. 49 by Gustav Holst
Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra by Karl Marx | wiki |
Rob Parker may refer to:
Rob Parker (councillor), British local politician
Rob Parker (sports journalist) (born 1964), American sports journalist
Rob Parker (rugby league) (born 1981), English rugby league footballer
Rob Parker (Canadian politician) (1943–2016), Progressive Conservative party member of the Canadian House of Commons
See also
Robert Parker (disambiguation)
Bob Parker (disambiguation) | wiki |
The maintenance requirement in biology is typically defined as the minimum quantities of foods of various types needed to sustain the necessary biological processes in an animal without it gaining or losing body mass or changes in composition of its body, but crucially not including food needed for growth or reproductive functions.
References
Nutrition | wiki |
No fault found (NFF), no trouble found (NTF) or no defect found (NDF) are terms used in the field of maintenance, where a unit is removed from service following a complaint of a perceived fault by operators or an alarm from its BIT (built-in test) equipment. The unit is then checked, but no anomaly is detected by the maintainer. Consequently, the unit is returned to service with no repair performed.
If there is an underlying fault that has not been detected the unit may be returned for repair several times with no fault identified. Alternative descriptors include:
No fault found (NFF)
Cannot duplicate (CND)
Fault not found (FNF)
No trouble found (NTF)
No defect found (NDF)
Hidden failures
False failures
The NFF problem
As the figure shows once a fault has been reported, investigated, and no fault found any future problems caused by the fault cause additional work which is a waste of maintainer time. Different causes have been suggested for this issue.
Some can be attributed to the way a possible fault is perceived by the user.
Some can be attributed to the diagnostic methods available to the maintainer.
The fact remains that no fault found causes a cost to industry. NFF is thought to cost the United States Department of Defense in excess of per year.
See also
Troubleshooting
Unintended consequences
References
Maintenance | wiki |
Sons of Adam or son of Adam or variation, may refer to:
Sons of Adam are group of revolutionaries who believe in Black Adam can save them and free Kahndaq from the dictator. They resurrected Adam and he allied himself with them to dethrone the one who took the name of Kahndaq's greatest oppressor Ibac.
a poetic allusion to humans
Cain and Abel, the biblical sons of Adam and Eve
"Son of man" or "son of Adam", a biblical term
Sons of Adam (Bani Adam; ; ; ), a Persian poem by Saadi Shirazi
The Sons of Adam, a U.S. garage rock band, formerly Fender IV
Son of Adam, the Narnian term for people transported from Earth to Narnia (world)
Sons of Adam (), a 1945 Egyptian film by Abo El Seoud El Ebiary
Sons of Adam (play), a stageplay by Beatrix Thomson
Son of Adam (book), a 1990 memoir by Denis Forman
See also
Adamsen
Adamsson
Adamson (disambiguation)
Adams (disambiguation)
Adam (disambiguation)
Son (disambiguation)
Son of man (disambiguation)
Human (disambiguation)
Human Being (disambiguation)
Bani Adam (disambiguation) (lit. Sons of Adam; ; ; ) | wiki |
The flag of Saint Barthélemy is the French tricolor. This is because Saint Barthélemy is a self-governing overseas collectivity of France. An unofficial flag of Saint Barthélemy consisting of the island's coat of arms centered on a white field is also used on the island.
Coat of arms
The coat of arms of Saint-Barthélemy is a shield divided into three horizontal stripes (parted per fess), three gold fleurs-de-lis on blue, above a white Maltese cross on red, over three gold crowns on blue, and "Ouanalao" is what the indigenous people called the island. On top of the shield is a mural crown.
The fleurs-de-lis, Maltese Cross, and gold crowns are heraldic reminders of the island's history as a colony ruled by first the Kingdom of France, then the Knights Hospitaller and in turn the Kingdom of Sweden. Eventually, the island returned to French rule.
On a white background, the arms serves as an unofficial flag for Saint Barthélemy.
References
External links
Flags of Overseas France
French coats of arms
National flags
Flag
National coats of arms
Saint Barthelemy
Saint Barthelemy
Saint Barthelemy
Saint Barthelemy
Saint Barthelemy | wiki |
North Falmouth station was a railroad station on the Old Colony Railroad on Depot Road in North Falmouth, Massachusetts. Service to the station began in 1872 and ended in 1964, and the station burned down in 1969.
History
The North Falmouth station was built in 1872 by the Old Colony Railroad as part of its Woods Hole Branch running from Buzzards Bay to Woods Hole, Massachusetts. In 1893, the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (NH) leased the Old Colony Railroad and took over operations on its lines. In 1905, NH replaced the station with a larger building. When the nearby military training facility of Camp Edwards (now part of Joint Base Cape Cod) was built in 1940–1941, a spur line was built from North Falmouth station to Camp Edwards station on the base.
Scheduled service to North Falmouth ended in 1964 when NH discontinued its passenger service to Cape Cod, and in 1969, the station building burned down.
In 2009, the Woods Hole Branch's right-of-way south of the former North Falmouth station was paved as part of the extension of the Shining Sea Bikeway. The former station site is used as the bike path's northern terminus and parking lot. As of 2017, the Woods Hole Branch north of the former station site and the spur to Joint Base Cape Cod are in active use. The tracks are used by the Massachusetts Coastal Railroad to haul trash from the Upper Cape Regional Transfer Station to the Southeastern Massachusetts Resource Recovery Facility (SEMASS) waste-to-energy and recycling facility.
References
External links
Falmouth, Massachusetts
Old Colony Railroad Stations on Cape Cod
Former railway stations in Massachusetts | wiki |
Sicko is a 2007 documentary film by Michael Moore.
Sicko may also refer to:
Sicko (band), an American rock band
Sicko (album), a stand-up comedy album by Doug Stanhope
Sick-O, an album by the group 3xKrazy
Sicko, Poland
Scott Sicko (born 1988), an American football player
"Sicko" (Brooklyn Nine-Nine), an episode of the sixth season of Brooklyn Nine-Nine
See also
Sick (disambiguation)
Sickness (disambiguation) | wiki |
Pressman can refer to:
Pressman (name)
Pressman Toy Corporation
The operator of a printing press or machine press
An employee of a newspaper (British usage)
A line of Sony portable tape recorders launched in 1977, from which the original Walkman was developed | wiki |
Sandwich wrap may refer to:
Plastic wrap or wax paper used to wrap sandwiches.
Wrap (sandwich), a kind of sandwich made by rolling flatbread around a filling. | wiki |
The Barzona are a breed of beef cattle, developed in the United States, in the high desert, inter-mountain region of Arizona in the 1940s and 1950s. They are, in approximately equal proportions, a combination of Africander, Hereford, Beef Shorthorn and Angus. They have been bred to be especially hardy, having good heat, insect and disease tolerance.
References
Cattle breeds originating in the United States
Cattle breeds | wiki |
The Ross Gyre is one of the two gyres that exist within the Southern Ocean. The gyre is located in the Ross Sea, and rotates clockwise. The gyre is formed by interactions between the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Antarctic Continental Shelf. Sea ice has been noted to persist in the central area of the gyre.
There is some evidence that global warming has resulted in some decrease of the salinity of the waters of the Ross Gyre since the 1950s.
See also
Oceanic current
Physical oceanography
Weddell Gyre
References
Geography of the Southern Ocean
Oceanic gyres | wiki |
Nullity may refer to:
Legal nullity, something without legal significance
Nullity (conflict), a legal declaration that no marriage had ever come into being
Mathematics
Nullity (linear algebra), the dimension of the kernel of a mathematical operator or null space of a matrix
Nullity (graph theory), the nullity of the adjacency matrix of a graph
Nullity, the difference between the size and rank of a subset in a matroid
Nullity, a concept in transreal arithmetic denoted by Φ | wiki |
High House may refer to:
in England
Ancient High House, Stafford
High House, Purfleet
in the United States
High House (Denver, Colorado), a Denver Landmark
High House (Delaware, Ohio), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Delaware County
High House (Paris, Texas), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Lamar County | wiki |
St. Mary's Church and Rectory may refer to:
in the United States
(by state)
St. Mary's Episcopal Church and Rectory (Milton, Florida), listed on the NRHP in Florida
St. Mary's Church and Rectory (Iowa City, Iowa), listed on the NRHP in Iowa
St. Mary's Church and Rectory (Delaware, Ohio), listed on the NRHP in Ohio
See also
St. Mary's Church (disambiguation) | wiki |
Acupalpus turcicus is een keversoort uit de familie van de loopkevers (Carabidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1992 door Jaeger.
turcicus | wiki |
The Magic Machines is a 1969 American short documentary film directed by Bob Curtis about kinetic artist Robert Gilbert. It won an Oscar at the 42nd Academy Awards in 1970 for Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film and was nominated for Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject).
Cast
Robert Gilbert
References
External links
The Magic Machines on YouTube
Homepage of Robert Gilbert
1969 films
1969 independent films
1969 short films
1969 documentary films
American short documentary films
American independent films
1960s short documentary films
Live Action Short Film Academy Award winners
1960s English-language films
1960s American films | wiki |
Grand Army of the Republic may refer to:
Grand Army of the Republic, a US Civil War veterans' organization
The United States Army, sometimes referred to as the Grand Army of the Republic
Grand Army of the Republic, a fictional military force of clone troopers in the Star Wars franchise
See also
Grand Army of the Republic Highway, an American road, a.k.a. US Route 6
Army of the Republic (disambiguation) | wiki |
Shell Cottage may refer to:
a fictional place in Harry Potter
the "shell cottage" or "cliff cottage" in Cullenstown, Ireland
Shell Cottage, in the grounds of Carton House, Maynooth, Ireland
Shell Cottage, Bucklesham, England
Shell Cottage, in the grounds of Adlington Hall, England
Shell Cottage, in the grounds of Château de Rambouillet, France, a monument protected by Centre des monuments nationaux
Shell Cottage, a listed building in Aberlady, East Lothian, Scotland
Shell Cottage, Shell, Himbleton, a Grade II* listed building in Wychavon, England | wiki |
Treeing is a method of hunting where dogs are used to force animals that naturally climb up into trees, where they can be assessed or shot by hunters. The idiomatic phrase "Barking up the wrong tree" comes from this practice.
Description
The treeing technique uses dogs to force naturally climbing animals into trees, where they can be assessed or shot by hunters. Treeing enables hunters to see the quarry and decide if the prey should be killed, and if so with a cleaner kill, or spared. For example, females with youths may be left untouched, or quarry may be observed or tagged for research.
Use
Hunting
Particularly used with coonhunting, treeing dogs are selected for the instinct to not cease barking at an animal after it has escaped into a tree. This method of hunting is also used for cougar and black bear.
The dogs are trained to bay, not directly attack the quarry; however, it is not unheard of for the quarry to kill some of the dogs or for the dogs to kill the quarry. Usually, the quarry will climb a tree to escape the dogs after a period of chase and harassment. Blackmouth Cur use this method. Traditionally, the dogs were followed on foot by hunters listening to their barks, although some hunters now use radio direction finding equipment to follow the pack.
Research
Treeing is also sometimes performed without the intention of killing the quarry for scientific purposes (such as radio-tagging) or recreational purposes. It is especially useful for cougars, which are notoriously stealthy and difficult to capture without the aid of dogs.
Law
Treeing is illegal in several US states, including:
Oregon
Washington State
New Mexico
Montana
California, since January 1st 2013, Governor Jerry Brown signed a bill banning hunting of bears, bobcats with hound.
Natural spaces law enforcement officers urged hunters or outdoor enthusiasts to call police and report any suspicious activity they witness.
References
See also
Hunting dogs
Hunting methods
Dog training and behavior | wiki |
Itó Hiroki (1978), japán labdarúgó
Itó Hiroki (1999), japán labdarúgó
Itó Hiroki (1999), japán műugró | wiki |
Espionage is the obtaining of information considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of the information.
Industrial espionage is a form of espionage conducted for commercial purposes instead of purely national security.
Espionage may also refer to:
Espionage (play), a 1935 West End play by Walter Hackett
Espionage (1937 film), an American film based on the play
Espionage (1955 film), an Austrian film directed by Franz Antel
Espionage (TV series), a British television show
Espionage (production team), a Norwegian music production team
Espionage (album), an album by rap group Steady Mobb'n
Espionage (band), a band from the 1980s
"Espionage", a song by Green Day from Shenanigans
Espionage, a Commodore 64 game | wiki |
A retractable pen is a type of ink pen that has a spring-loaded ink cartridge which retracts and extends outside a protective housing. By clicking downward on the top of the pen, the tip is extended and locks in place at the bottom of the housing for use.
History
The retractable pen was first invented and patented in 1888 by John J. Loud. However, the design was seen as imperfect and the retractable pen would not be marketed until sixty years later. Lazlo Biro and his brother Gyorgy Biro solved the technical problems of the first ball point by using thicker ink and an easier way to store it. This resulted in the use of capillary action which slowly pulled the ink out of the pen and onto the paper. The brothers sold their pen only in Europe. Milton Reynolds, an American entrepreneur, changed the design to a gravity feed and it became successful in the US market. The Frawley Pen Company, founded in 1949 by Patrick J. Frawley, claims to have made the "first pen with a retractable ballpoint tip" in 1950.
Mechanism
A click pen comprises the frame, a thruster, two cams, a guide pin, a spring, an ink cartridge of your choice a ballpoint at the end of the cartridge, and other parts. The guide pin is typically molded into the frame and the spring provides the tension required to retract the ink cartridge. The cams provide a bistable system where in one position the ink cartridge is retracted and in the other it is extended. When the button at the end of the pen is pressed, the system moves from one position to the other. This causes the ballpoint tip to be pushed forward for. Here is an example
Habitual pen-clicking
Pen clicking is repeated pressing of the button which produces a clicking sound. Normally, the button is only pressed to expose the nib of the pen for writing. The resultant noise varies in tone, dynamic and timbre depending on the size and make of the pen. When the noise is heard repeatedly, it can have a psychological effect on the doer or anyone in earshot. The action can be either conscious or subconscious and is often associated with boredom, inattentiveness, thinking, hiding something, or nervousness. It has been described as a nervous habita form of fidgeting. It can also be described as a "distracting activity that releases nervous energy". Clicking a pen can be a type of stimming behavior, but is unique in that "a person can do in public without drawing much attention to themselves," whereas some other similar behaviors are not socially acceptable.
Some people find it hard to concentrate when others are pen-clicking, and so the action may be considered a pet peeve. Pen clicking can also be a trigger of misophonia.
In popular culture
Boris Grishenko (portrayed by Alan Cumming), a henchman from the 1995 James Bond film GoldenEye, is notable for using pen clicking as his signature character quirk. In the film's climax, Bond exploits this habit by switching Boris' pen with a click-activated pen grenade, which leads to the destruction of the villain's base.
In an ad for Kohl's clothing lines, Jennifer Lopezwho plays a fictionalised version of herselfannoys her colleagues by pen-clicking.
References
Habits
Sounds by type
Pens | wiki |
A non-scheduled airline is a company that offers unscheduled air transport services of passengers or goods at an hourly or per mile / kilometer charge for chartering the entire aircraft along with crew. A non-scheduled airline may hold domestic or international licences, or both, and operates under the regulations prescribed by its national civil aviation authority.
See also
Airline
History of non-scheduled airlines in the United States
References
Airlines
Economics of transport and utility industries
Air charter | wiki |
Petit Salé is salted pork, usually produced according to a French method of immersing cuts of pork for up to two days in brine.
Petit Salé is often used as an abbreviation for the recipe Petit Salé aux Lentilles, a dish containing pork, vegetables and lentils.
References
External links
"Petit salé" with Lentils - The official website of France (English)
Pork
French cuisine
Food preservation | wiki |
A vapour pressure thermometer is a thermometer that uses a pressure gauge to measure the vapour pressure of a liquid.
References
Thermometers | wiki |
138th Street may refer to:
New York City Subway stations in the Bronx:
Third Avenue – 138th Street (IRT Pelham Line); serving the trains
138th Street – Grand Concourse (IRT Jerome Avenue Line); serving the trains
138th Street (IRT Third Avenue Line), demolished
138th Street station (New York Central Railroad)
Other uses:
The sixth song in The Walkmen's Bows + Arrows album | wiki |
The Veterinarian's Oath was adopted by the American Veterinary Medical Association's House of Delegates July 1969, and amended by the AVMA Executive Board, November 1999 and December 2010.
The Veterinarian Oath taken by Canadian veterinarians, established by the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association in 2004, has some minor deviations from that of the American Veterinary Medical Association. It reads as follows:
See also
Veterinary ethics
References
External links
http://www.avma.org American Veterinary Medical Association
http://www.rcvs.org.uk Royal College Veterinary Surgeons
http://www.canadianveterinarians.net Canadian Veterinary Medical Association
Oaths of medicine
Veterinary medicine | wiki |
Acupalpus punctatus is een keversoort uit de familie van de loopkevers (Carabidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1936 door Jedlicka.
punctatus | wiki |
Zone Usage Measurement (ZUM) is the method by which phone companies in California distinguished "local" service from "long distance" service within the service area to which local phone companies used to be restricted.
Usually the local calling area includes a 13-mile (21 km) radius from the point of origination. The ZUM zone beyond that is divided into ZUM1 (12-13 mile radius), ZUM2 (14-15 mile (24 km) radius), and ZUM3 (15-16 mile (26 km) radius). Beyond the ZUM zone calls are considered intra-LATA or inter-LATA.
Background
Local Access and Transport Areas (LATA) were created after the breakup of the Bell System. They are sometimes called service areas, or local toll calling areas. California, for example, is divided into 11 service areas. Calls made to places within the same service area break down as follows:
Rural
Local Calls: 0–12 miles
Local Toll: 13+ miles (within service area)
Urban
Local Calls: 0–12 miles
Zone Usage Measurement (ZUM), or Zone 3: 13–16 miles
Local Toll
17+ miles (within service area)
Calls within each area, up to about 12 miles, are local calls. In metropolitan areas, calls between 13 and 16 miles are Zone Usage Measurement (ZUM) Zone 3 calls. All other calls within each Service Area are now referred to as Local Toll calls. In non-ZUM areas Local Toll calls start at 13 miles.
Notes
References
AT&T CALIFORNIA GUIDEBOOK, PART 4 - Exchange Access Services, SECTION 2 - Exchange Lines and Usage
Telephony | wiki |
Roaming is a Canadian film written and directed by Michael Ray Fox and produced by Michael Melski, Richard MacQueen, and Craig Cameron. The film features Rhys Bevan-John, Cory Bowles, Daniel Lillford, Martha Irving, Josh MacDonald, Sarah D. McCarthy, and Christina Cuffari. Roaming was the first film to be produced through Telefilm Canada's First Feature Program.
Release
Roaming opened the 2013 Toronto Independent Film Festival and was the Closing Night film of the Silver Wave Film Festival in New Brunswick. The film was distributed in Canada by Multiple Media Entertainment and All Channel Films and was released on Hulu, Indieflix, The Movie Network, Hollywood Suite, Bell TV OnDemand, and the National Film Board of Canada Canada Screens website. The film originally premiered at the 2012 Atlantic Film Festival.
Reception
Roaming received generally positive reviews during its limited theatrical engagement exclusive to Atlantic Canada and received an award for Best Feature at the Toronto Independent Film Festival in 2013. Lead actor Rhys Bevan-John received the ACTRA Maritimes Award for Outstanding Male Performance for his portrayal of Will. Josh MacDonald was nominated for the same award for his performance in Roaming and Martha Irving's performance in the film earned her an ACTRA Maritimes Award nomination for Outstanding Female Performance.
References
http://www.thecoast.ca/halifax/roaming-on-set-report/Content?oid=3083482
http://playbackonline.ca/.../michael-ray-foxs-first-feature-is-roaming-in-halifax/
http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/roaming/
External links
2012 films
English-language Canadian films
Films shot in Nova Scotia
2012 romantic drama films
Canadian romantic drama films
2010s English-language films
2010s Canadian films | wiki |
A clamp is a compact heap, mound or pile of materials. A storage clamp is used in the agricultural industry for temporary storage of root crops such as potato, turnip, rutabaga, mangelwurzel, and sugar beet.
A clamp is formed by excavating a shallow rectangular depression in a field to make a base for the clamp. Root crops are then stacked onto the base up to a height of about . When the clamp is full, the earth scraped from the field to make the base is then used to cover the root crops to a depth of several inches. Straw or old hay may be used to protect the upper surface from rain erosion.
A well-made clamp will keep the vegetables cool and dry for many months. Most clamps are relatively long and narrow, allowing the crops to be progressively removed from one end without disturbing the remaining vegetables. The use of a clamp allows a farmer to feed vegetables into market over many months.
See also
Food preservation
Root cellar
Brick clamp
Charcoal clamp
CLAMP, an artist collective named after potato clamps
References
External links
How to make a Storage Clamp - Green Chronicle
Food preservation
Agricultural terminology | wiki |
A brazier is a container to hold hot coals.
Brazier or Braziers may also refer to:
a person who works brass
Dairy Queen Brazier, a brand name of the hamburger sandwiches
Brazier (name)
Braziers, Ohio, a community in the United States
Braziers Park, a manor house in Oxfordshire
See also
Brasier
Brassiere
Blazer (disambiguation) | wiki |
Header bidding is a programmatic advertising technique in which publishers bid on multiple advertising exchanges in real time. Google has been reported to have referred internally to header bidding as an "existential threat".
References
Online advertising methods | wiki |
Carriera
Venne selezionato dai Washington Bullets al secondo giro del Draft NBA 1974 (22ª scelta assoluta).
Palmarès
All-NBA First Team (1978)
2 volte NBA All-Star (1978, 1981)
Miglior rimbalzista NBA (1978)
Altri progetti
Collegamenti esterni | wiki |
360 Tenth Avenue is an unbuilt skyscraper in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It would have been tall and have 61 floors.
See also
List of tallest buildings in New York City
References
External links
Emporis profile
Skyscrapers in Manhattan
Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan
Proposed buildings and structures in New York City | wiki |
The 1884 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 4, 1884, as part of the 1884 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
Minnesota was won by Republican nominee, James G. Blaine, over the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland. Blaine won the state by a margin of 21.91%.
With 58.78% of the popular vote, Minnesota would prove to be Blaine's second strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont.
Results
See also
United States presidential elections in Minnesota
References
Minnesota
1884
1884 Minnesota elections | wiki |
Barry S. Levy (born 1944) is a physician, a former president of the American Public Health Association. He has degrees from Tufts University, Harvard School of Public Health, and Weill Cornell Medicine.
With Victor W. Sidel, he is the author of War and Public Health, Terrorism and Public Health, and other books.
In 2015, he authored Climate Change and Public Health with Jonathan Patz.
Levy is a coauthor of Occupational and Environmental Health: Recognizing and Preventing Disease and Injury, a textbook in public health. Levy edited Preventing Occupational Disease and Injury (2005), published by the American Public Health Association.
Awards
2005 Sedgwick Memorial Medal
References
American public health doctors
Living people
1944 births
University of Massachusetts Medical School faculty
Tufts University faculty
Tufts University alumni
Harvard School of Public Health alumni
Weill Cornell Medical College alumni
American writers | wiki |
A bird colony is a large congregation of individuals of one or more species of bird that nest or roost in proximity at a particular location. Many kinds of birds are known to congregate in groups of varying size; a congregation of nesting birds is called a breeding colony. Colonial nesting birds include seabirds such as auks and albatrosses; wetland species such as herons; and a few passerines such as weaverbirds, certain blackbirds, and some swallows. A group of birds congregating for rest is called a communal roost. Evidence of colonial nesting has been found in non-neornithine birds (Enantiornithes), in sediments from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Romania.
Variations on colonial nesting in birds
Approximately 13% of all bird species nest colonially. Nesting colonies are very common among seabirds on cliffs and islands. Nearly 95% of seabirds are colonial, leading to the usage, seabird colony, sometimes called a rookery. Many species of terns nest in colonies on the ground. Herons, egrets, storks, and other large waterfowl also nest communally in what are called heronries. Colony nesting may be an evolutionary response to a shortage of safe nesting sites and abundance or unpredictable food sources which are far away from the nest sites. Colony-nesting birds often show synchrony in their breeding, meaning that chicks all hatch at once, with the implication that any predator coming along at that time would find more prey items than it could possibly eat.
What exactly constitutes a colony is a matter of definition. Tufted puffins, for example, are pelagic birds that nest on the steep slopes and rocky crevices on coastal cliffs, often on islands. Each pair excavates its own burrow. A congregation of puffin burrows on a marine island is considered a colony. Sand martins (called bank swallows in North America) are seldom, if ever, observed to nest in solitude; such a dependence on social nesting would term the bird a colonial nester. A more extreme example of colonial nesting is found in the weaverbird family. The sociable weaver of southern Africa constructs massive, multi-family dwellings of twigs and dry grasses, with many entrances leading to different nesting chambers, accommodating as many as a hundred nesting pairs. These structures resemble haystacks hanging from trees, and have been likened to apartment buildings or beehives.
Some seabird colonies host thousands of nesting pairs of various species. Triangle Island, for example, the largest seabird colony in British Columbia, Canada, is home to auks, gulls, cormorants, shorebirds, and other birds, as well as some marine mammals. Many seabirds show remarkable site fidelity, returning to the same burrow, nest or site for many years, and they will defend that site from rivals with great vigour. This increases breeding success, provides a place for returning mates to reunite, and reduces the costs of prospecting for a new site. Young adults breeding for the first time usually return to their natal colony, and often nest very close to where they hatched. Individual nesting sites at seabird colonies can be widely spaced, as in an albatross colony, or densely packed like an auk colony. In most seabird colonies several different species will nest on the same colony, often exhibiting some niche separation. Seabirds can nest in trees (if any are available), on the ground (with or without nests), on cliffs, in burrows under the ground and in rocky crevices. Colony size is a major aspect of the social environment of colonial birds.
Some birds are known to nest alone when conditions are suitable, but not sometimes. The white-winged dove of southwestern North America was known to nest in large colonies when foraging areas could support such numbers. In 1978, in Tamaulipas, Mexico, researchers counted 22 breeding colonies of white-winged doves with a collective population size of more than eight million birds. But as habitat was transformed through urbanization or agriculture, the doves apparently spread out into smaller, less long-lived colonies. Today, these doves are observed to nest singlyin both urban and not urban areas.
The term colony has also been applied, perhaps misleadingly, to smaller nesting groups, such as forest-dwelling species that nest socially in a suitable stand of trees. The red-cockaded woodpecker, an endangered species of southeastern North America, is a social species that feeds and roosts in family groups, or clans. Clans nest and roost in clusters of tree cavities and use a cooperative breeding system. Many parrot species are also extremely social. For example, the thick-billed parrot is another bird that nests and roosts communally; individuals of neighboring roosts has been observed to communicate with each other each morning to signal their readiness to form flocks for foraging. However, these complex social structures in birds are a different sort of group behavior than what is normally considered colonial.
Ecological functions
The habit of nesting in groups is believed to provide better survival against predators in several ways. Many colonies are situated in locations that are naturally free of predators. In other cases, the presence of many birds means there are more individuals available for defense. Also, synchronized breeding leads to such an abundance of offspring as to satiate predators.
For seabirds, colonies on islands have an obvious advantage over mainland colonies when it comes to protection from terrestrial predators. Other situations can also be found where bird colonies avoid predation. A study of yellow-rumped caciques in Peru found that the birds, which build enclosed, pouch-like nests in colonies of up to one hundred active nests, situate themselves near wasp nests, which provide some protection from tree-dwelling predators such as monkeys. When other birds came to rob the nests, the caciques would cooperatively defend the colony by mobbing the invader. Mobbing, clearly a group effort, is well-known behavior, not limited to colonial species; the more birds participating in the mobbing, the more effective it is at driving off the predator. Therefore, it has been theorized that the larger number of individuals available for vigilance and defense makes the colony a safer place for the individual birds nesting there. More pairs of eyes and ears are available to raise the alarm and rise to the occasion.
Another suggestion is that colonies act as information centers and birds that have not found good foraging sites are able to follow others, who have fared better, to find food. This makes sense for foragers because the food source is one that can be locally abundant. This hypothesis would explain why the lesser kestrel, which feeds on insects, breeds in colonies, while the related common kestrel, which feeds on larger prey, does not.
Colonial behaviour has its costs as well. It has been noted that parasitism by haematozoa is higher in colonial birds and it has been suggested that blood parasites might have shaped adaptations such as larger organs in the immune system and life-history traits. Other costs include brood parasitism and competition for food and territory. Colony size is a factor in the ecological function of colony nesting. In a larger colony, increased competition for food can make it harder for parents to feed their chicks.
The benefits and drawbacks for birds of nesting in groups seem to be highly situational. Although scientists have hypothesized about the advantages of group nesting in terms of enabling group defensive behavior, escape from predation by being surrounded by neighbors (called the selfish herd hypothesis), as well as escaping predators through sheer numbers, in reality, each of these functions evidently depends on a number of factors. Clearly, there can be safety in numbers, but there is some doubt about whether it balances out against the tendency for conspicuous breeding colonies to attract predators, and some suggest that colonial breeding can actually make birds more vulnerable. At a common tern colony in Minnesota, a study of spotted sandpipers observed to nest near the tern colony showed that the sandpipers that nested nearest the colony seemed to gain some protection from mammalian predators, but avian predators were apparently attracted to the colony and the sandpipers nesting there were actually more vulnerable. In a study of a least tern colony in Connecticut, nocturnal avian predators in the form of black-crowned night herons and great horned owls were observed to repeatedly invade a colony, flying into the middle of the colony and meeting no resistance.
For seabirds, the location of colonies on islands, which are inaccessible to terrestrial predators, is an obvious advantage. Islands where terrestrial predators have arrived in the form of rats, cats, foxes, etc., have devastated island seabird colonies. One well-studied case of this phenomenon has been the effect on common murre colonies on islands in Alaska, where foxes were introduced for fur farming.
Human use
Colony-nesting birds have been used by humans as a source of food in the form of eggs and meat, down for bedding, feathers for quill pens, and guano for fertilizer. Over-exploitation can be devastating to a colony, or even to an entire population of a colonial species. For example, there was once a large seabird known as the great auk, which nested in colonies in the North Atlantic. Eggs and birds were used for a variety of purposes. Beginning in the 16th century, seafarers took the birds in especially great numbers to fill ships' larders, and by the mid-19th century, the great auk was extinct. Likewise, the short-tailed albatross of the North Pacific was heavily harvested at what seems to have been its primary colony on Torishima Island. Millions of birds were killed in less than two decades at the end of the 19th century. The species survives, though endangered. In North America, the extermination of the highly gregarious passenger pigeon has been well documented. The birds were hunted as if inexhaustible. Case in point: in 1871, in Wisconsin, an estimated 136 million pigeons nested in a dense congregation over a wide area; thousands of people were drawn to hunt the birds, shipping the squab to market by rail. The passenger pigeon is a famous example of a familiar bird going extinct in modern times.
The use of seabird droppings as fertilizer, or guano, began with the Indigenous Peruvians, who collected it from sites along the coast of South America, such as the Chincha Islands. When, after the Spanish Conquest, the value of this fertilizer became known to the wider world, collection increased to the point where the supply nearly ran out, and other sources of guano had to be found.
See also
Muttonbirding
List of little penguin colonies
Image gallery
Seabird colonies can be predominately a single species or a mix of species:
Colonial nesting can be so close that multiple nests are interwoven:
Another variation is to have closely grouped separate nests:
Heronries and rookeries are often in the top of a stand of trees:
References
External links
Colonial waterbirds
Colonial birds
Ornithology
Bird breeding | wiki |
Tersanctus or Ter Sanctus (Latin for Thrice Holy) may refer to:
"Sanctus" or Epinikios Hymnos, a hymn from Christian liturgy
"Trisagion" or Agios O Theos, a standard hymn of the Divine Liturgy in most of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches | wiki |
Sixty steht für
Miss Sixty, Modemarke
Sixty Group, Modeunternehmen
Sixty (Tour), eine Tournee der Rolling Stones aus dem Jahr 2022
Siehe auch:
Miss Sixty (Film)
Cadillac Sixty Special
Sixty Glorious Years
Sechzig | wiki |
Short track speed skating is a sport that is contested at the Winter Olympic Games. The first Winter Olympics, held in 1924, included speed skating, but the first official short track speed skating events were not held until the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France. Before 1992, short track speed skating events were held at the 1988 Winter Olympics as a demonstration sport. At those games, events for both men and women were held in five disciplines: 500 metre, 1000 metre, 1500 metre, 3000 metre and the relay (3000 metres for women, 5000 metres for men). The Netherlands, United Kingdom and South Korea won two gold medals each, with Canada, Italy, Japan and China picking up a gold medal each. The results of those demonstration events are not considered official and are not included in this list. At the 1992 Winter Olympics, there were four medal events: men's 1000 metres, men's 5000 metre relay, women's 500 metres and women's 3000 metre relay. Men's 500 metres and women's 1000 metres were added in 1994. The men's and women's 1500 metres were added in 2002 and these eight events have been held at every Olympic Games since. In 2022, a ninth event was added to the program: the mixed 2000 metre relay.
Arianna Fontana of Italy is the most decorated short-tracker in Olympic history, having won eleven medals, including two gold medals, four silver medals, and five bronze medals. Viktor Ahn of Russia, formerly of South Korea with his birth name of Ahn Hyun-soo, is the most decorated male short-tracker in Olympic history, having won eight medals including six gold medals and two bronze. Apolo Ohno of the United States also has eight Olympic medals (two gold, two silver, four bronze). Tania Vicent of Canada is the oldest athlete to medal; she was 34 in 2010 when she won a silver medal in the 3000 metre relay. Kim Yoon-Mi of South Korea is the youngest; she was 13 when she won a gold in the same event in 1994.
At the 1992 Winter Olympics, South Korea's Kim Ki-hoon became the first short track speed skater to win two gold medals, by winning gold medals in both of the available events (1000m, 5000m relay). In 1994 Kim (1000m) and American Cathy Turner (500m) became the first to successfully defend their respective Olympic title; Kim thus became the first short-tracker to win three Olympic gold medals. In 1998, Chun and Yang Yang (S) of China became the first short-tracker to win three medals in one Olympic. By helping South Korea to defend 3000m relay title as well as defending her 1000m gold medal, Chun became the first (and thus far, only) athlete to successfully defend two Olympic titles. In 2006, South Korea's Jin Sun-Yu and then Ahn Hyun-Soo became the first two short-trackers to have won three gold medals in one Olympic. Ahn also won a bronze medal in the same Games, becoming the first (and thus far, only) short-tracker to win four medals in one Olympic; he repeated the same feat in 2014. In 2010, Wang Meng became the first athlete to have won three individual gold medals in the sport, and in 2014 Ahn became the first to have won four individual gold medals, and six gold medals overall in the sport. South Korean short track speed skaters have won a combined 49 medals, including 25 golds, more than any other nation in both measures. South Korea is also the only country to have won at least one gold medal at every Olympics in which short-track speed skating has been held; Canada and China share with South Korea the honour of being the only nations to have athletes win a medal at every Olympics in the sport. As of the 2018 Winter Olympics, 192 medals (64 of each color) have been awarded and have been won by short track speed skaters from 14 National Olympic Committees (NOC).
Men
500 metres
1000 metres
1500 metres
5000 metre relay
Women
500 metres
1000 metres
1500 metres
3000 metre relay
Mixed
Mixed 2000 metre relay
Skaters who did not participate in the final, but received medals.
Statistics
At 31 years and 191 days, Vladimir Grigorev became the oldest man to win a short track Olympic medal, winning silver at the 1000m event, at the 2014 Olympics on 15 February 2014. On 21 February 2014, he won the gold in the 5000m relay, upping the oldest male shorttrack athlete record for both medals and gold medals.
Athlete medal leaders
Include athletes with at least 3 medals of any colour.
Medals per year
Key
Numbers in bold indicate the highest medal count at that year's Olympic Games.
References
General
1992–2002:
Men's: 500m 1000m 1500m 5000m relay
Women's: 500m 1000m 1500m 3000m relay
2006:
Specific
External links
Short Track Speed Skating - Olympics at Sports-reference.com
Olympic Review and Revue Olympique. LA84 Foundation
Short track speed skating
Medalists
Speed skating-related lists | wiki |
A portable boat lift is a tool designed specifically to allow one person to transport, set up, and safely separate boats from boat trailers. Portable boat lifts are intended to be used on land, rather than near, in, or on the water. Sometimes referred to as a boat hoist, this equipment holds the waterfcraft out of the water so that maintenance and repairs can be performed.
A portable boat lift is different from a gantry crane, fork lift with elongated forks, or machine, none of which can be easily transported from location to location. A portable boat lift is not a boat lift which is commonly found attached to a dock. Although some devices allow one person to separate a boat from a trailer or lift a boat up and out of the water, they are not by definition portable.
The term "boat lift" originally referred to lift locks. In modern usage the term "boat lift," as opposed to "portable boat lift," usually refers to devices permanently installed at a dock to simply lift a boat above the water, a type of ship lift. It is not specifically designed for separating a boat from a trailer.
Portable boat lifts may differ in design, cost, weight, and function but they are by definition portable.
Prior to the introduction of portable boat lifts, boat lifting work could only be performed at shops or locations that had access to cranes, machines, forklifts, or similar lifting equipment. Portable lifts allow individuals, professional boat and boat trailer mechanics, boat and boat trailer painters or anyone needing to separate a boat from a trailer the ability to perform the work by themselves away from a shop.
Portable boat lifts are relatively new to the boating industry.
References
External links
Portable
Remove a Boat from a Trailer with a Portable Boat Lift
Boat lifts | wiki |
The Three Tailors of Tooley Street were, according to Prime Minister George Canning, individuals who presented a petition of grievances to Parliament claiming to represent "We, the people of England."
In his 1906 pamphlet "Faults of the Fabian", H. G. Wells called the Fabian Society policy on the Boer War "the three tailors of Tooley Street pronouncements", suggesting that the Fabians claimed to speak for all socialists when in fact they spoke only for themselves.
References
Petitions | wiki |
HollyRod Foundation is a nonprofit organization founded by actress Holly Robinson Peete and retired NFL quarterback Rodney Peete that provides "medical, physical, and emotional support" to individuals living with Parkinson's disease as well as families of children with autism. The HollyRod4kids initiative assists families affected by autism through providing resources to help improve the lives of children diagnosed with the disorder. Concurrently, the foundation provides aid for Parkinson's Disease patients through its HollyRod Compassionate Care Program in partnership with the Center for Parkinson's Research and Movement Disorders located at the University of Southern California's Keck School of Medicine.
History
Former NFL quarterback Rodney Peete and his wife, actress Holly Robinson Peete, established the HollyRod Foundation in 1997 in honor of Holly's father, late actor and television producer Matt Robinson, who died of Parkinson's disease in 2002. He had been living with the disease since the age of 46. As it began to progress, the symptoms began to affect Robinson's ability to complete certain tasks in his daily life. Rodney, Holly, and the rest of their family stepped in to support him. During the time period of caring for her father, Peete and her husband became inspired to help others suffering from the disease who lacked the financial means to pay for the associated costs. With this motive in mind, the HollyRod Foundation came into inception.
In 2000, after the Peetes' oldest son (3 years old at the time), Rodney 'RJ' Peete Jr., was diagnosed with autism, the HollyRod Foundation expanded its mission to bring awareness to this issue. Holly Robinson Peete has since become a recognizable international advocate for autism causes. She and her family have appeared on behalf of the HollyRod Foundation on various television shows, events, and print media including The Oprah Winfrey Show, World Autism Awareness Day events, People magazine, and others, to share their personal story of how autism has affected their lives and to bring awareness to the issue.
In 2003, The HollyRod Foundation partnered with Target Corporation. In 2007, Anheuser-Busch pledged $200,000 to HollyRod over the following two years. At the time the donation was the largest single contribution the organization had ever received.
In 2010, co-founder Holly Robinson Peete became a candidate on the reality television series The Celebrity Apprentice 3 to raise money for the HollyRod Foundation. At the time of the season finale, Peete had raised the most money for her charity in Celebrity Apprentice history. However, she was not hired by Donald Trump in the finale and finished second to musician Bret Michaels, but earned $597,893 USD to benefit HollyRod.
Programs and events
HollyRod Parkinson's Compassionate Care Program
HollyRod Parkinson's Compassionate Care Program was formed in 2002 in collaboration with Keck School of Medicine of USC's Center for Parkinson's Research and Movement Disorders. Through this partnership the foundation assists PD patients with little or no medical insurance coverage in obtaining medications, treatments, medical equipment, and various services. Currently the program is available only to patients residing in the Greater Los Angeles Area.
HollyRod4kids
HollyRod4kids was established in 2000 in response to Rodney Peete and Holly Robinson Peete's son's autism diagnosis. The initiative's main mission is helping the families of children with autism gain access to affordable treatments and therapies. In 2008, VH1 Classic's Rock Autism joined forces with HollyRod4kids to raise funds and awareness for autism through hosting a celebrity bowl-off and silent auction.
During the 2010 season finale of the Celebrity Apprentice, Snapple donated $250,000 to the HollyRod Foundation to benefit families of children with autism in addition to launching a limited release of Robinson Peete's handcrafted Snapple Compassionberry Tea. Holly along with her daughter Ryan wrote the fictional children's book, My Brother Charlie, which centers around growing up with an autistic twin sibling. It is slightly based on Ryan Peete's experience of having an autistic twin brother. In March 2010, Rodney Peete released a book titled Not My Boy! A Father, a Son, and One Family’s Journey with Autism. In the book Rodney Peete gives his perspective as a father raising a son with special needs. A percentage of the proceeds from both books will go to HollyRod4kids.
HollyRod4kids recently began its "Giving Words Campaign" to donate communication software and hardware to non-verbal or minimally verbal autistic children who meet certain eligibility requirements.
HollyRod4kids is currently developing the Compassionate Care Center for Autism in Los Angeles that will provide support services for autistic children and their families. To coincide with the Center's opening, HollyRod is also launching a national grant program to assist families living outside of Los Angeles. Current plans have the opening date for the facility and launch of the grant program in "late 2012, early 2013."
DesignCare
DesignCare, formerly DesignCure, is an annual fundraising event that raises money for the HollyRod Foundation. Its guests and honorees range from people in the entertainment, medical, and business industry to individuals and families affected by autism and Parkinson's disease. Each year DesignCare honors people with special awards like the 'Matthew T. Robinson Award of Courage', 'HollyRod Media Hero Award', 'HollyRod4kids Champion Award', 'HollyRod Media Award', 'HollyRod Founders Award', and 'Humanitarian Award'. The 'HollyRod4kids Champion Award' is presented to "people who have been an inspiration to teens with autism." Past celebrity honorees have included: Michael J. Fox, Donald Trump, and Muhammad Ali.
In 2009, DesignCare raised over $350,000 and more than $500,000 the following year. Since DesignCare began, it has helped the HollyRod Foundation earn over $2 million to help improve the lives of those living with Parkinson's disease and autistic children.
References
External links
Organizations established in 1997
Autism-related organizations in the United States
Medical and health foundations in the United States
Mental health organizations in California
1997 establishments in California | wiki |
Extrusion is a manufacturing process used to make pipes, hoses, drinking straws, curtain tracks, rods, and fibre. The granules melt into a liquid which is forced through a die, forming a long 'tube like' shape. The shape of the die determines the shape of the tube. The extrusion is then cooled and forms a solid shape. The tube may be printed upon, and cut at equal intervals. The pieces may be rolled for storage or packed together.
Shapes that can result from extrusion include T-sections, U-sections, square sections, I-sections, L-sections and circular sections.
One of the most famous products of extrusion moulding is the optical fiber cable.
Extrusion is similar to injection moulding except that a long continuous shape is produced.
See also
COMPRESSION
References
External links
http://www.technologystudent.com/equip1/plasextru1.htm
Molding processes | wiki |
Aetbaar or Aitbaar may refer to:
Hindi films:
Aetbaar, 2004, starring Amitabh Bachchan
Aitbaar, 1985, starring Raj Babbar | wiki |
Queen Eleanor's Vengeance and Other Poems is a book of poetry written by William Cox Bennett, consisting of thirty-four poems printed on 232 pages, published in 1857.
Poetry books | wiki |
Conquering Horse is Frederick Manfred's first novel in a five-volume series he called The Buckskin Man Tales. It tells a mythic story about Indian life on the Great Plains before the arrival of white people to the region. Film director/writer Michael Cimino and producer Michael Gruskoff attempted to adapt Manfred's novel to film, but the project, which was in development at Universal in 1970, was tabled in 1971 because of budget issues. At one point in 1979, he reached a deal with United Artists to make the film, under the condition Heaven's Gate was a hit. The movie bombed, so this never came to fruition either.
References
"Frederick Manfred." Dictionary of Literary Biography 212:185-197. 1999.
The Frederick Manfred Information Page
Books about Native Americans
American historical novels
Western (genre) novels
1959 American novels | wiki |
Mia Neal is an American hair stylist. She won an Academy Award in the category Best Makeup and Hairstyling for the film Ma Rainey's Black Bottom.
Selected filmography
Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (2020; co-won with Sergio López-Rivera and Jamika Wilson)
References
External links
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
American make-up artists
Best Makeup BAFTA Award winners
Best Makeup Academy Award winners
21st-century African-American women | wiki |
Anthracus punctulatus is een keversoort uit de familie van de loopkevers (Carabidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1953 door Hatch.
punctulatus | wiki |
WSMJ may refer to:
WSMJ (AM), a defunct radio station licensed to serve Cave City, Kentucky, United States
WSMJ (FM), a radio station (91.9 FM) licensed to serve North Wildwood, New Jersey, United States
WRFM-FM, a defunct radio station (89.1 FM) formerly licensed to serve Wilkinson, Indiana, United States, which held the call sign WSMJ from June 2008 to October 2009
WZFT, a radio station (104.3 FM) licensed to serve Baltimore, Maryland, United States, which held the call sign WSMJ from September 2003 to May 2008 | wiki |
A family business is a company owned and operated by members of one or more families.
Family Business may also refer to:
Music
Family Business (2-4 Family album), 1999
Family Business (E.S.G. album), 2005
Family Business (Ronnie Penque album), 2019
A Family Business, a compilation soundtrack album from the TV series Brandy & Ray J: A Family Business, 2011
"Family Business", a song by Fish from Vigil in a Wilderness of Mirrors, 1990
"Family Business", a song by the Fugees from The Score, 1996
"Family Business", a song by Kanye West from The College Dropout, 2004
Television
Series
Family Business (American TV series), a 2003–2006 American reality series
Family Business (British TV series), a 2004 British drama series
Family Business (French TV series), a 2019 French streaming series
The Family Business (Australian TV series), a 1989 Australian sitcom
The Family Business (American TV series), an American crime family drama series that premiered in 2018
Episodes
"Family Business" (American Dragon: Jake Long)
"Family Business" (Burn Notice)
"Family Business" (Courage the Cowardly Dog)
The Family Business" (Dexter: New Blood)
"Family Business" (Law & Order)
"Family Business" (Once Upon a Time)
"Family Business" (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)
"Family Business" (Yu-Gi-Oh! GX)
Other media
Family Business (1986 film), a French comedy film directed by Costa-Gavras
Family Business (1989 film), an American crime film directed by Sidney Lumet
Family Business (game), a dedicated deck card game
Family Business Review, an academic journal
Family Business (novel), a 1985 novel by Vincent Patrick, basis for the 1989 film
Family Business, a 2008 chapbook by Judith Arcana
See also
Crime family
Organized crime | wiki |
Siwa est :
Siwa une oasis d'Égypte,
(140) Siwa un astéroïde,
Siwa une divinité de la fertilité dans la mythologie slave,
Siwa est un genre d'araignées. | wiki |
Midnight is a 1989 American thriller-horror film written and directed by Norman Thaddeus Vane and starring Lynn Redgrave and Tony Curtis.
Plot
The sultry midnight, late-night horror movie hostess, has the highest rated show on TV. Mr. B is scheming to steal the rights to the show. The tug of war begins and soon escalates into a deadly conflict.
Cast
Lynn Redgrave as Midnight
Tony Curtis as Mr. B
Steve Parrish as Mickey Modine
Karen Witter as Missy Angel
Frank Gorshin as Ron Saphier
Robert Miano as Arnold
Rita Gam as Heidi
Gustav Vintas as Siegfried
Wolfman Jack as himself
Robert Axelrod as Ozzie
Nathan Le Grand as Hank
Barry Diamond as Wally
Ron Max as Detective
Tommy 'Tiny' Lister as Security Guard
Kathleen Kinmont as Party
References
External links
1980s horror thriller films
American horror thriller films
1980s English-language films | wiki |
Princess Royal Hospital may refer to:
Princess Royal Hospital, Telford, a teaching hospital located in Apley Castle, Telford, England
Princess Royal Hospital, Haywards Heath, an acute, teaching, general hospital located in Haywards Heath, West Sussex, England
Princess Royal University Hospital, in Farnborough, London Borough of Bromley | wiki |
Papermill Reedbed is a 6 hectare nature reserve in Bramford in Suffolk. It is owned by Blakenham Farms and managed by the Suffolk Wildlife Trust.
The Trust has restored this area of dry grassland of low ecological value by installing water control measures to create wetland. Several species of dragonfly and damselfly have colonised the water-filled ditches, and they are used by water voles and otters.
The Gipping Valley river Path goes through the reserve.
References
Suffolk Wildlife Trust | wiki |
Ayer's Sarsaparilla was a brand of Sarsaparilla invented by James Cook Ayer and sold by his company, Dr. J. C. Ayer and Co. Despite its advertisement as a medicine, its effectiveness is disputed.
References
Soft drinks | wiki |
The Five Cents of Lavarede (French:Les cinq sous de Lavarède) may refer to:
The Five Cents of Lavarede (1913 film)
The Five Cents of Lavarede (1927 film)
The Five Cents of Lavarede (1939 film) | wiki |
The Governor of North Chungcheong Province () is the head of the local government of North Chungcheong Province who is elected to a four-year term.
List of governors
Appointed governors (before 1995)
From 1946 to 1995, the Governor of North Chungcheong Province was appointed by the President of the Republic of Korea.
Directly elected governors (1995–present)
Since 1995, under provisions of the revised Local Government Act, the Governor of North Chungcheong Province is elected by direct election.
Elections
Source:
1995
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
See also
Government of South Korea
Politics of South Korea
References
North Chungcheong Province
Lists of political office-holders in South Korea | wiki |
In web analytics and website management, a pageview or page view, abbreviated in business to PV and occasionally called page impression, is a request to load a single HTML file (web page) of an Internet site. On the World Wide Web, a page request would result from a web surfer clicking on a link on another page pointing to the page in question.
In contrast, a hit refers to a request for any file from a web server. Therefore, there may be many hits per page view since an HTML page can contain multiple files such as images,
videos, JavaScripts, cascading style sheets (CSS), etc.
On balance, page views refer to a number of pages viewed or clicked on the site during the given time.
Page views may be counted as part of web analytics. For the owner of the site, this information can be useful to see if any change in the "page" (such as the information or the way it is presented) results in more visits. If there are any advertisements on the page, the publishers would also be interested in the number of page views to determine their expected revenue from the ads. For this reason, it is a term that is used widely for Internet marketing and advertising.
Feature
The page impression has long been a measure of user activity on a website. However, the activity is not necessarily associated with loading a complete HTML page. Modern programming techniques can serve pages by other means that don't show as HTTP requests.
Advertisement
Since page views help estimate the popularity of sites, it helps determine their value for advertising revenue. The most common metric is CPM. It stands for 'Cost per thousand'(the M is the Roman numeral for 1,000) and it is commonly used metrics to measure page views divided by the thousands, that is, cost per 1000 views, used for the ad rates and thus, the less CPM is, the better deal it offers to advertisers.
However, there has been a growing concern that CPM is not as trustworthy as it looks in the advertising market because, although, with CPM arrangement, everyone who visits a site makes publishers’ money, for an advertiser's view, CPM is being challenged in comparison to CPC or CPA in terms of adverts’ efficiency because visiting does not mean clicking the ads.
Measurement
The preferred way to count page views is using a web analytics software. They can measure the number of pages on any site and therefore, it helps people to receive a rough estimate of page views on web sites. There are also many other page view measurement tools available including open source ones as well as licensed products.
Hit ratio
Hit ratio refers to the percentage of computer memory accesses (HTTPS requests delivered per requests received) that are found in certain levels of the memory hierarchy. In other words, it is a measure of content requests that a web caching system can deliver successfully from its cache storage, compared to how many requests it receives.
There are two types of hit ratios:
Cache hit ratio, referring to number of requests made;
Byte hit ratio, referring to amount of bandwidth that a browser's caching system has saved.
Criticism and concerns
Despite a wide range of uses of page view, it has come in for criticisms.
Manipulation
Page view can be manipulated or boosted for specific purposes. For example, a recent incident, called 'page view fraud', compromised the accuracy of measurement of page view by boosting the page view. Perpetrators used a tool called 'a bot' to buy fake page-views for attention, recognition, and feedback, increasing the site's value.
As a result, some people already started building alternatives to measure audiences, such as "Ophan", saying that the page view is becoming passe.
Humans vs. machines
Fake page views can reflect bots instead of humans.
Wikipedia pageviews
Wikipedia provides tools that allow one to see how many people have visited a Wikipedia article during a given time period. Such have been used for tools that for instance display the most popular articles of the day. Wikipedia pageviews of certain types of articles correlate with changes in stock market prices, box office success of movies, spread of disease among other applications of datamining. Since search engines directly influence what is popular on Wikipedia such statistics may provide a more unfiltered and real-time view into what people are searching for on the Web and societal interests. For instance they can be used to gain insights into public anxiety and information seeking after or during events or for the identification of concepts with significant increase of interest from the public. In 2015, a study conducted by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) examined the influence of Reddit posts on Wikipedia pageviews.
See also
Project COUNTER
Unique user
Session (web analytics)
Traffic flow
HTTP cookie
Web traffic
Website monitoring
Google Trends
Internet manipulation
Internet bot
References
Further reading
Advertising indicators
Internet terminology
Web analytics
fr:Mesure d'audience sur Internet#Définitions et vocabulaire
ja:ページビュー
pt:Número de acessos
ru:Интернет-статистика | wiki |
"Highway Song" is a 1979 hit song recorded by the American southern rock Blackfoot. It reached #26 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was recorded in the key of E minor with no key changes throughout. While the single version maintains its tempo throughout, the album version increases its speed at the close of the lyrical portion through the song's ending.
Weekly charts
References
1979 singles
1979 songs | wiki |
Jurassic World Evolution is a construction and management simulation video game developed and published by Frontier Developments. Based on the 2015 film Jurassic World, the game was released in June 2018, for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One. A Nintendo Switch port of the game was released in November 2020. In the game, players construct a dinosaur park on Las Cinco Muertes Archipelago, a group of five islands also known as the "Five Deaths". The game features more than 40 types of dinosaurs; their genes can be modified to introduce new features. Players are given contracts to fulfill by three divisions, Science, Security and Entertainment, allowing them to progress. A sandbox mode set on Isla Nublar, the setting of the first and fourth films, can be unlocked. It can also be used from the main menu without having to be unlocked.
The game was created by a development team of approximately 100 people with a budget of around £8 million. Its development began in 2016, after NBCUniversal approached Frontier Developments about creating a game to accompany the theatrical release of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom. To do this, Frontier staff inspected different dinosaur models and reference materials sent by Universal, watched the Jurassic Park films, and read the novels and fan theories. The team consulted paleontologist Jack Horner when they designed the dinosaurs. Jeff Goldblum, Bryce Dallas Howard and BD Wong reprised their roles from the Jurassic Park film series, voicing remarks to players and contributing to the game's narrative.
Announced at Gamescom 2017, the game received a generally mixed critical reception. Critics praised its dinosaur designs and graphics, but the game's contracts, simulation and management gameplay were less well received. The game's tutorial and learning curve were also criticized. Seven months after its initial release, the game had sold two million copies through digital and physical sales, making it the most successful game launched by Frontier. The game was supported with free updates and downloadable content upon release. As of March 2020, the game had sold three million copies. A sequel, Jurassic World Evolution 2, was released on November 9, 2021.
Gameplay
Jurassic World Evolution is a business simulation game that allows the player to construct a Jurassic World dinosaur theme park with attractions and research facilities. Players must build an Expedition Center, which sends paleontologists to fossil dig sites to obtain dinosaurs' DNA material. DNA sequencing, which can be done in the Fossil Center unlocks new dinosaurs and updates their statistics, such as lifespan and resilience. With enough DNA content, players can use the Hammond Creation Lab to breed and incubate dinosaurs. Players can also improve the dinosaurs' genes by integrating DNA from modern species with that of the dinosaurs to fill their gaps and allow them to evolve. Modifications to the dinosaurs' DNA change their base statistics, as well as everything from their level of aggressiveness to their appearance. The game features a terrain tool which allows players to modify the environment by planting trees and creating water sources.
Dinosaurs are the game's main attraction and income earner, although money can also be earned through selling products in stores and guests staying at hotels. The game features approximately 40 dinosaur species at launch. Players can name each dinosaur after they are incubated. Players need to build enclosures to contain dinosaurs for visitors' viewing. The needs of different dinosaurs, like the type of food they eat and the extent of the social interactions they require, must be met to keep them healthy and satisfied. Dinosaurs, controlled by artificial intelligence, will interact with each other and the environment, as well as guests if they have broken out of their enclosure. For instance, carnivores will attack carnivores of a different species, and they will hunt down herbivores. Players also need to construct various entertainment rides, as well as amenities like restaurants and shops to please the guests. An example of tourist attractions is the Gyrosphere or the monorail from Jurassic World. Players can also use the game's photo mode to take pictures of dinosaurs, which help the park to earn money and publicity. Each entertainment facility and amenity comes with its own management system. Players are able to set and adjust entry fees as well as the number of staff present in each facility. Dinosaurs can be sold to earn additional income.
Various emergency situations may happen in the park, including power failures, unpredictable weather, and dinosaur breakouts, which must be addressed by players to ensure guests' safety and happiness. Players can build an ACU Center and a Ranger Station, which are responsible for maintaining the park's security. They can sedate escaped dinosaurs, medicate sick dinosaurs, resupply dinosaur feeders, transport dinosaurs, fix fences, and more. Players can also control vehicles from a third-person perspective such as helicopters and 4x4 trucks to complete these tasks. Emergency shelters to protect the guests, as well as other security structures like power network redundancies and storm warning centers, can be built. Many of these security facilities can be upgraded to strengthen their efficiency when dealing with emergencies.
Gameplay modes
In the career mode, the player's goal is to develop five-star parks across the fictional islands of the Las Cinco Muertes Archipelago. Dr. Ian Malcolm assists players throughout the game. Players will meet other key figures representing the three branches of the park's development: Entertainment, Security, and Science. Each of these characters tries to convince players to develop the park in accordance with their advice. They give players "contracts" to complete which include a series of goals and objectives. These contracts add narrative to the game, as well as provide rewards and reputation in their respective domains. Players are advised to keep a close eye on their reputation within each division. If a player's reputation within a division gets too low, that creates a sabotage in the player's park that will need to be attended to immediately. For instance, the park's power could be shut down allowing dinosaurs to break out, or a disease could be introduced to infect them. These divisions all feed into the parks' ratings. The five islands, each with different characteristics and challenges, will gradually unlock with sufficient positive park ratings.
Isla Nublar — the island featured in Jurassic Park, Jurassic World, and Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom — is the setting for a sandbox mode that is separate from the game's career mode. The sandbox mode is unlocked once a four-star park rating is achieved on Isla Matanceros, the starting island. Once this is accomplished, everything players have unlocked in career mode, such as building upgrades and dinosaurs, will transfer over to the sandbox; anything locked in career mode remains locked in the sandbox. In sandbox mode, players have unlimited funds, and they can set the weather and time of day at their parks. Challenge Mode, available in an update after the game's release, involves playing with adjustable levels of difficulty and limited money, in addition to other differences like fees and penalties against players.
There is a mode available from the main menu, which allows every island to be played in sandbox mode.
Development and release
Jurassic World Evolution was developed and published by Frontier Developments, and is based on the 2015 film Jurassic World, although the game is not considered canon, which allowed for more creative freedom. NBCUniversal had wanted a game to accompany the theatrical release of its 2018 film Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom and approached Frontier Developments about creating it two years or so before the film's eventual release date. Frontier Developments was also interested in creating a dinosaur game.
The game was created with a development team of approximately 100 people, on a budget of around £8 million. It was built using Frontier Developments' Cobra game engine. Universal Pictures provided the developers with dinosaur models from the films to allow for a high level of detail, as well as reference materials and audio. To aid in creating the game, the development team closely watched the films and read Michael Crichton's novels, Jurassic Park and The Lost World, and fan theories. In addition, Universal and the team had discussions about various elements in the game. History from each of the films was added to the game. For example, Jeff Goldblum reprised his role as Ian Malcolm from the first two Jurassic Park films. Bryce Dallas Howard and BD Wong also reprised their roles from Jurassic World.
Tyrannosaurus was one of the first dinosaurs the development team began working on. For the T. rex roars, the game's sound team obtained audio samples from the films and then altered them for originality. The animation team then altered their T. rex roaring animations to fit the sound effects. To design the dinosaurs the development team primarily referred to the films for consistency, while incorporating some of the latest scientific discoveries to add to their designs. The team also studied birds and other animals to aid in designing the dinosaurs. In addition to their designs, dinosaur behavior was based on a combination of the films and scientific findings. Paleontologist Jack Horner, who served as an advisor on the films, was also consulted for advice on the game's dinosaurs. They were given bright and colorful hides based on new dinosaur research.
In February 2017, Frontier's CEO David Braben announced the company was working on a new project based on an existing Hollywood property. The game was announced during Gamescom 2017 held in August. Later, on 7 October, footage showcasing the in-game engine was revealed during the first annual Frontier Expo. The game was digitally released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on 12 June 2018, coinciding with the theatrical release of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom. Physical copies of the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One version were distributed by Sold Out beginning on 3 July.
Updates
Several updates were released for the game throughout 2018, and Frontier collaborated with Universal on each of them. A free game update based on Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, with six dinosaurs from the film, was released on 22 June. In August, Frontier Developments announced an upcoming patch that would alter the sizes of several dinosaurs to match their real-life and film counterparts. The update was released in September, and included additional sandbox and gameplay options, as well as the addition of Challenge Mode.
The first paid downloadable content (DLC), Secrets of Dr. Wu, was released on 20 November. The DLC introduced new story missions, research options and new dinosaur and hybrid species. On the same day, Frontier introduced new AI behaviors and a day-night cycle into the game via a free update. Frontier released the Cretaceous Dinosaur Pack and the Carnivore Dinosaur Pack in December 2018 and April 2019 respectively. Each dinosaur pack introduces three new dinosaurs species. In 2019, a paid DLC titled Claire's Sanctuary was released on 18 June. Set after Fallen Kingdom, the expansion features a standalone campaign which sees players relocating the remaining dinosaurs trapped on Isla Nublar to Sanctuary Island.
Another paid DLC pack, titled Return to Jurassic Park, was released on 10 December. The DLC includes park features and locations from the original Jurassic Park featured in the first film. The DLC also includes Isla Sorna, the island featured in the films The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997) and Jurassic Park III (2001). It also features seven new missions with new voice work by Goldblum, as well as Sam Neill and Laura Dern, the latter reprising their roles as Dr. Alan Grant and Dr. Ellie Sattler. The DLC reunites the three actors for the first time since the original 1993 film. Return to Jurassic Park features an original story that takes place shortly after the first film, ignoring the sequels. In the story, Grant, Malcolm and Sattler return to Isla Nublar and attempt to get the park operational.
For months, Frontier tried to arrange for Neill, Goldblum and Dern to record their lines together, but scheduling issues prevented this from occurring. Instead, recordings of one actor would be played for the others to aid them in recording their own lines. The DLC also features the character of John Hammond, who was portrayed in the films by Richard Attenborough (1923–2014). In the DLC, Hammond was portrayed by voice actor Mackenzie Gray. Return to Jurassic Park was in development for a while as the Frontier team wanted to take its time to create a comprehensive DLC based on the first film. It is the biggest update created for Jurassic World Evolution. Executive producer Rich Newbold said: "Essentially, the whole game has been rebuilt with a Jurassic Park version of every building". Dinosaur designs based on The Lost World: Jurassic Park and Jurassic Park III were also introduced in the DLC. For reference, Universal provided the developers with original assets and audio files from the film production archives to ensure that the dinosaurs move, sound, and look like their film counterparts. The package introduced Compsognathus and Pteranodon, as well as new designs for the game's Tyrannosaurus rex and Velociraptor, matching their original appearance in the first film.
A Nintendo Switch port of the game, titled Jurassic World Evolution: Complete Edition, was released on 3 November 2020. It includes all the DLC packs and updates that had been previously released for the other platforms.
Reception
Critics praised the dinosaurs featured in the game. Sam Loveridge of GamesRadar+ liked the variety as well as the cutscene that was displayed when a dinosaur is released from the incubation center. She enjoyed being able to control the jeep and the ACU helicopter from a third-person perspective, a mechanic she applauds for allowing players to relate to the dinosaurs. She added that she "lost entire evenings to [the game] without even thinking" due to its relaxing nature. Game Revolutions Paul Tamburro praised the dinosaurs' design, in particular, Frontier's attention to detail and the dinosaurs' animation. James Swinbanks of GameSpot agreed, praising the dinosaurs. He also enjoyed the need to learn each dinosaur's personality, requirements and behaviors, adding the process is "surprisingly satisfying". Game Informer s Daniel Tack liked that players can experiment with different genes, though he commented that it was not a "freeform experience". Dan Stapleton of IGN disagreed and felt that unlocking genes was tedious, describing the process as a series of "mandatory robotic actions". While he liked the dinosaur variety, he lamented the lack of pterosaurs and aquatic prehistoric reptiles at launch. Destructoids Dan Roemer commended the inclusion of lesser- known dinosaurs species, singling out Giganotosaurus and Deinonychus.
The simulation aspect of the game received mixed reviews. Loveridge held a positive opinion regarding dinosaur management, as each species has their own needs and niches that players must fulfill. She felt the park management aspect, including the construction of facilities and utilities, was "minimal". Tamburro compared the simulation to RollerCoaster Tycoon and Zoo Tycoon. He enjoyed the chaos created when dinosaurs break out, but he was disappointed that dinosaurs did not attack the park's staff carrying out maintenance inside the enclosures. Philippa Warr of PC Gamer praised the dinosaurs but criticized the lack of attention to missions and individual guests' views and happiness ratings on the park. She also noted the simulation lacked depth, as buildings looked largely the same and the environment soon became stale. Swinbanks felt dealing with natural disasters and dinosaur breakout was exciting initially, but soon became repetitive. He also lamented the lack of new challenges presented in the later stage of the game. Tack criticized the tiresome aspect of simulation and the constant need to wait for objectives to be completed, comparing them to a mobile game. Describing the simulation as "shallow", Roemer criticized the lack of time constraints, cleanliness ratings, and a full day-night cycle. He was also disappointed by the small size of each island, which made park building "unfulfilling". Stapleton agreed, saying that the small islands limited players' creativity. He noted that players cannot speed up time in the game, a signature feature in many other simulators and builders, and criticized its exclusion as it forced players to wait aimlessly to get enough cash to perform an action.
The game's contracts garnered mixed opinions. Loveridge believed they helped introduce a structure to the game, though she commented that these missions did not form a cohesive narrative. Tamburro enjoyed the process of progressing from one island to the next, as each island has its own unique layout and landscape prompting players to create a new park that is different from the previous ones. He noted that the contracts helped players to unlock new items, but he felt they were not "exciting". Warr criticized the lack of variety featured in the missions, with different scenarios only presenting minor modifications and adjusting the difficult slightly. She also disliked the contracts for occasionally forcing players to complete missions that do not make sense, such as releasing a dinosaur to kill guests. Swinbanks also criticized three contract factions, adding that players' need to satisfy and balance all three parties demands as "arbitrary". Roemer praised Goldblum's performance, though he noted the overarching plot "goes nowhere". He described the game's progression system as "awful" and wished to skip them entirely.
The game's tutorial and guidance to players was criticized. Loveridge noted that certain missions were confusing with some late game objectives being presented too early, forcing him to dismiss them to progress. She singled out the tutorial section for being incompetent, failing to inform players about key aspects of the game such as power distribution and landscaping tools, which often create obstruction. and terrain errors that prevent players from constructing certain buildings and modifying the landscape. Warr noted pacing errors with the tutorials, saying that some of them showed up way too late.
Reviewers had mixed opinions of the game as a whole. Loveridge called it an intricate simulation game that fans of the series would enjoy, and she commended the many references to the film featured in the game. Tamburro agreed and called it the best Jurassic Park-themed game, though he noted that the game had more constraints than Frontier's previous park builder, Planet Coaster. Initially impressed by the game, Warr was disappointed after extended play time feeling the game was lacking depth. Swinbanks noted that despite its shortcomings, the game was "faithful" to the franchise. He felt that it was "a good park management sim in its own right". Roemer felt that the game's development was rushed, and the lack of depth was problematic. Stapleton called it a "bad" game for being largely boring.
Sales
Five weeks after its initial release, the game had sold one million copies through digital and physical sales. Seven months after the game's initial release, Frontier declared the game its biggest launch and revealed that more than 2 million copies were sold. As of March 2020, three million copies of the game had been sold.
Accolades
The game was nominated for "Best Audio Design" at the 2018 Golden Joystick Awards, losing to God of War. It won the award for "Game, Simulation" at the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards, and was nominated for "Excellence in Convergence" at the SXSW Gaming Awards, losing to Marvel's Spider-Man. It was also nominated for "Best Game Design" and "Best Audio" at the Develop:Star Awards.
Sequel
A sequel, Jurassic World Evolution 2, was announced by Frontier Developments in June 2021, and released on November 9. Goldblum reprises his role for the game, which includes additional features, pterosaurs, and marine reptiles. The game takes place after the events of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, and was released for PC, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X and Series S.
See also
Jurassic Park III: Park Builder
Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis
Jurassic World: The Game
References
External links
2018 video games
Amusement park simulation games
Business simulation games
Jurassic Park video games
Video games based on films
Video games based on adaptations
Nintendo Switch games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation 4 Pro enhanced games
Windows games
Xbox Cloud Gaming games
Xbox One games
Xbox One X enhanced games
Frontier Developments games
Dinosaurs in video games
Video games set in Costa Rica
Video games set on fictional islands
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Single-player video games | wiki |
Realignment may refer to:
Political realignment, or realigning election, especially in US history and political science
Realignment plan, also known as Israeli convergence plan
Realignment (sports)
Wheel alignment
"Re-Align", song by Godsmack from the album Faceless
See also
Public Safety Realignment initiative
Alignment (disambiguation) | wiki |
The sixteenth Connecticut House of Representatives district elects one member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. Its current representative is John Hampton, who held the seat for the Democratic Party in 2012 after the retirement of three-term representative Linda Schofield with a reduced majority. The district consists of the entire town of Simsbury.
List of representatives
Recent elections
References
External links
Google Maps - Connecticut House Districts
16
Simsbury, Connecticut | wiki |
Meámbar kan syfta på:
Honduras
Meámbar (kommun), Departamento de Comayagua,
Meámbar (ort), Departamento de Comayagua, | wiki |
Everywhere I Go may refer to:
"Everywhere I Go" (Amy Grant song)
"Everywhere I Go" (Hollywood Undead song)
"Everywhere I Go" (Phil Vassar song)
"Everywhere I Go", a song by Jackson Browne from I'm Alive
"Everywhere I Go", a song by The Call
"Everywhere I Go", a song by Junior Kimbrough, covered by the Black Keys from Thickfreakness
"Everywhere I Go", a song by Lissie from Catching a Tiger
"Everywhere I Go", a song by The Muffs from The Muffs
"Everywhere I Go", a song by Shawn Mullins
"Everywhere I Go", a song by Willie Nelson from Teatro
"Everywhere I Go (Kings & Queens)", a song by New Politics from Vikings
"Everywhere I Go", a song by Caitlin Rose from The Stand-In
"Everywhere I Go (Her Yerde Sen)", a Turkish drama series | wiki |
Hollym may refer to:
Hollym (publishing house)
Hollym, East Riding of Yorkshire, England | wiki |
La tocana est un mets traditionnel roumain et moldave semblable à un ragoût de viande, généralement à base de viande de veau, de porc ou d'agneau avec des oignons, des pommes de terre et de la smântână. La tocana est toujours accompagnée de mămăligă.
Références
Cuisine roumaine
Cuisine moldave | wiki |
Bochet is a type of mead made from honey that has been caramelized.
It yields a dark, clear mead with a complex flavor. Bochetomel is a bochet-style mead that also contains fruit such as elderberries, black raspberries, and blackberries.
References
Mead | wiki |
Nokia 6600 generally refers to the mobile phone released in 2003. It may also refer to:
Nokia 6600 slide
Nokia 6600 fold
Nokia 6600i slide | wiki |
Admiral Cruises was a cruise line that operated cruises on the Eastern and Western coasts of the United States. It was formed in 1986 as a merger of three small cruise lines and was acquired by Royal Caribbean Cruise Line in 1988. The brand was discontinued in 1992 and its ships were retired and sold.
History
In 1986, Admiral Cruises was formed as a merger of three small cruise lines: Eastern Cruise Lines, Western Cruise Lines, and Sundance Cruise Lines. Each line only operated one ship. At its peak, it had a fleet of three ships, the Azure Seas, the Emerald Seas, and the Stardancer. In 1988, the cruise line announced it had ordered a new cruise ship called the Future Seas. Admiral Cruises merged with Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines in 1988. Shortly after the merger, the order for the Future Seas was transferred to Royal Caribbean and became the Nordic Empress when it was completed in 1990. In 1990, the Stardancer was transferred to Royal Caribbean becoming the Viking Serenade. In late 1991, Royal Caribbean decided to end the brand. The Azure Seas and the Emerald Seas were retired and sold off between 1991 and 1992.
Fleet
See also
Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.
References
Defunct cruise lines
Defunct companies based in Florida
Defunct shipping companies of the United States
Hospitality companies established in 1986
Companies disestablished in 1992
1986 establishments in Florida
1992 disestablishments in Florida | wiki |
Seeds
Qualifiers
Lucky losers
Leonardo Mayer
Lukáš Lacko
Qualifying draw
First qualifier
Second qualifier
Third qualifier
Fourth qualifier
Fifth qualifier
Sixth qualifier
Seventh qualifier
Eighth qualifier
Ninth qualifier
Tenth qualifier
Eleventh qualifier
Twelfth qualifier
Thirteenth qualifier
Fourteenth qualifier
Fifteenth qualifier
Sixteenth qualifier
External links
Men's Singles Qualifying Draw
2017 US Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles Qualifying
US Open (tennis) by year – Qualifying | wiki |
The Samsung Galaxy Core Advance is an Android smartphone designed, developed, and marketed by Samsung Electronics. Announced on 16 December 2013, the Galaxy Core Advance features a diagonal TFT display with 800x400 resolution and Android Jelly Bean 4.2. The phone was scheduled to be released in 2014.
References
Android (operating system) devices
Mobile phones introduced in 2013
Samsung mobile phones
Samsung Galaxy
Samsung products | wiki |
Benz-Arena ist mehrdeutig:
Carl-Benz-Stadion, Fußballstadion in Mannheim
Carl Benz Center, Veranstaltungszentrum im Neckarpark Stuttgart
Mercedes-Benz Arena (Stuttgart), Fußballstadion in Stuttgart
Mercedes-Benz Arena (Berlin), Multifunktionshalle in Berlin
Mercedes-Benz Arena (Shanghai), Multifunktionshalle in Shanghai | wiki |
La Mission, French for "The Mission", may refer to:
La Mission, short name referring to Bordeaux wine producer Château La Mission Haut-Brion or its wine
La Mission (film), a 2009 American drama film
See also
The Mission (disambiguation) | wiki |
Jutland cattle are a rare Danish breed of cattle used in both dairy and beef production. Bred from the indigenous cattle of Jutland the breed could be light grey, dark grey or black pied with upward curving horns. The first herdbook published in 1881 had a small dairy type and a larger beef type. The dairy cows were small, averaging 120 cm high and weighing 350 kg, producing between 800 and 1000 kg of milk per lactation.
In the first half of the 20th century the breed was extensively crossed with Dutch black and white cattle to boost milk production. By 1949 Dutch cattle and crosses were accepted into the herdbook and the name was changed to Danish Black and White Cattle. In 1955 the last purebred young bull was exhibited. Since 1987 the Jutland breed has been reconstructed using unregistered stock from farms which had avoided crossing their cattle with Dutch cattle. The modern cows are typically 132 cm tall at the withers and weigh 550 kg, while bulls are typically 145 cm tall and weigh 1000 kg. In 2004 there were 49 breeders with a total of 121 cows and 11 bulls. Breeders receive financial support from the Danish government to keep the breed.
References
Cattle breeds
Cattle breeds originating in Denmark | wiki |
Deuxième Phase
Championnat Hommes
Championnat Femmes
Notes et références
Nationale 1
Tennis de table en 1991
Tennis de table en 1992 | wiki |
In finance, a dividend unit is the right to receive payments equal to actual dividends paid on a share or a stock. A dividend unit can be granted for a term, for example 20 years from the date of grant.
In the United States, dividend units are sometimes offered to employees as part of their retirement plan.
References
Units | wiki |
Cornelia James may refer to :
Cornelia James (11 March 1917 – 10 December 1999): British glovemaker and businesswoman of Austrian origin, and the founder of the firm of glovemakers that bears her name.
Cornelia James: British firm of glovemakers, founded in 1946, and with a Royal Warrant since 1979.
Cornelia James Cannon (1876–1969): Feminist reformer and best-selling author of the novel Red Rust. | wiki |
In philately, a lettercard or letter card is a postal stationery item consisting of a folded card with a prepaid imprinted stamp. That it is folded over gives the writer twice as much room for the message compared with a postal card. The message is written on the inside and the card is then folded and sealed around the edges. The recipient tears off and discards the perforated selvages to open the card.
The lettercard was first conceived by a Hungarian named Akin Karoly and introduced in Belgium in 1882. Private issues were used in Great Britain in 1887. The first official British letter card was issued in 1892. In Newfoundland reply lettercards were introduced in 1912 which included a small reply card.
Letter cards were issued in a variety of card stock and colour. As with adhesive stamps, a perforation gauge will be a useful tool of the trade.
The terms Letter Card or Air Mail Letter Card were sometimes used on aerogrammes prior to 1952, the year that the U.P.U. gave official recognition of the word aerogramme. But for aerograms, those terms are misleading. The use of the word "card" implies a heavier card stock when, in fact, many of these "cards" were printed on light paper and were letter sheets instead of letter cards.
See also
Letter sheet
Aerogram
Postcard
References
External links
Philatelic terminology
Postal stationery | wiki |
Bobby Valentino – violinista, chitarrista, cantautore e attore britannico
Bobby Valentino – cantante statunitense meglio noto come Bobby V | wiki |
Isonipecotic acid is a heterocyclic compound which acts as a GABAA receptor partial agonist.
It consists of a piperidine ring with a carboxylic acid moiety in the iso position (and as such is also known as "4-piperidinecarboxylic acid").
References
4-Piperidinyl compounds
Carboxylic acids
GABAA receptor agonists
GABAA-rho receptor antagonists
Glycine receptor antagonists
Sedatives | wiki |
This is a visual history of the Loop (CTA), the long circuit of elevated railroad that forms the hub of the Chicago "L" system in Chicago, Illinois.
References
Chicago Transit Authority | wiki |
Frozen dessert is a dessert made by freezing liquids, semi-solids, and sometimes even solids. They may be based on flavored water (shave ice, ice pops, sorbet, snow cones), on fruit purées (such as sorbet), on milk and cream (most ice creams), on custard (frozen custard and some ice creams), on mousse (semifreddo), and others. It is sometimes sold as ice-cream in South Asia and other countries.
History
Ice and snow were prized ingredients in many ancient cuisines. The Chinese, the Greeks and the Romans gathered, stored and used ice or snow. Ice and snow were said to be desirable because of the difficulty of both harvesting and storing it for any length of time. Around 500 BC, snow was used to cool drinks in Greece. In the 2nd century, Iranians recorded recipes for sweetened chilled drinks with ice made by freezing water in the desert at night. Hippocrates (c. 460–370 BC) is known to have criticized chilled drinks for causing "fluxes of the stomach". Snow collected from the lower slopes of mountains was unsanitary and iced drinks were believed to cause convulsions, colic and a host of other ailments. Seneca criticized the extravagant costs associated with iced desserts in an era without refrigeration.
Recipes for snow-chilled sweets are included in a 1st-century Roman recipe book. Circa 50 AD, Roman Emperor Nero demanded that enslaved persons collect ice from the Apennine Mountains to produce the first sorbet mixed with honey and wine.
Other accounts say ice cream originated in the Mongol Empire and first spread to China during its expansion. Tang dynasty (618–907 AD) records describe a chilled dessert made with flour, camphor and water buffalo milk. In the 13th century, Mongolian horsemen traversing the Gobi desert reportedly "took cream in containers made from animal intestines." The sub-zero temperatures and continuous shaking typical of horseback riding would create the ice cream. Though this legend has been published, there is no written evidence to this claim.
In 1296, Marco Polo reportedly heard of the Chinese invention and is credited with introducing sorbet-style desserts to Italy; but it is not mentioned in his writings.
Another origin myth says that in 1533, while 14 years old, Catherine de' Medici is said to have introduced flavored sorbet ices to France when she brought Italian chefs there upon marrying the Duke of Orléans (Henry II of France) that year. Another myth suggests that Charles I of England was so impressed by the "frozen snow" that he offered his own ice cream maker a lifetime pension in return for keeping the formula secret, so that ice cream could be a royal prerogative. There is no evidence to support either of these legends and food historian W.S. Stallings, Jr. says 'this tale is...undocumented, and is first seen in print in the 19th century. The documentation of ice cream in England begins following the return of Charles II from his exile in France'.
Variations
In Canada and elsewhere, the term is often used on imitations of ice cream which do not satisfy its legal definition (e.g., mellorine).
In India some company brands like Hindustan Unilever sell frozen dessert made from vegetable oils rather than pure milk. Per Indian regulations, ice cream which is made from milk solids, but contains non-dairy fat is categorized and labelled as frozen dessert.
In Singapore, hawker centres sell Ice Kacang made with shaved ice packed into a mountain-like shape drizzled with gula melaka, coconut cream, or a variety of syrups. Topped with red beans, creamed corn, attap chee, cendol, and grass jelly. The dish has evolved to include fruits such as durian, mango, and toppings such as Milo.
See also
List of frozen dessert brands
References
Frozen desserts | wiki |
Dos Hombres is a mezcal company co-founded in 2019 by American actors Aaron Paul and Bryan Cranston. The two are best known for playing lead characters Jesse Pinkman and Walter White, respectively, on the 2008-2013 crime drama series Breaking Bad. Dos Hombres means "two men" in Spanish.
In June 2021, Constellation Brands took a minority stake in Dos Hombres. The company made the investment through its venture capital group. Dos Hombres will continue to be independently owned and operated.
The company produces artisanal mezcal which is distilled in small batches and does not use modern technology. Dos Hombres is produced in San Luis del Río in Oaxaca, Mexico, and production is led by Gregorio Velasco.
Products
Dos Hombres Espadin: It is made with Agave Espadin in San Luis del Rio, Oaxaca, Mexico. Its alcohol content percentage is 42%
Dos Hombres Tobala: It is made with maguey tobala (Agave potatorum) in San Luis del Rio, Oaxaca, Mexico. The Tobala plants used in this batch were grown for almost 25 years. The product’s alcohol content percentage is 45%
Cocktails
Dos Hombres Sour
Dos Hombres Mule
Party Punch
Sunrise in Oaxaca
References
External links
Alcoholic drink brands
Mezcal
2019 establishments in Mexico
Food and drink companies established in 2019
Companies based in Oaxaca | wiki |
El Guapinol kan syfta på följande platser:
Honduras
El Guapinol, Honduras, ort, Departamento de Francisco Morazán,
Mexiko
El Guapinol, Mexiko, ort, San Agustín Loxicha,
Robotskapade Hondurasförgreningar
Robotskapade Mexikoförgreningar | wiki |
L'Invitation au voyage may refer to:
L'Invitation au voyage, a poem by Charles Baudelaire in his collection Les Fleurs du mal
L'Invitation au voyage, any of several musical settings of Baudelaire's poem, including ones by Henri Duparc and Emmanuel Chabrier
L'Invitation au voyage, a 1927 French silent film directed by Germaine Dulac
Invitation au voyage, a 1982 French film directed by Peter Del Monte
L'Invitation au voyage, 2005 French documentary television series about Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish and Israeli novelist Aharon Applefeld | wiki |
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