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The Prescription Drug Marketing Act (PDMA) of 1987 (P.L. 100-293, 102 Stat. 95) is a law of the United States federal government. It establishes legal safeguards for prescription drug distribution to ensure safe and effective pharmaceuticals and is designed to discourage the sale of counterfeit, adulterated, misbrande... | Wikipedia/Prescription_Drug_Marketing_Act |
In the United States, prescription monitoring programs (PMPs) or prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) are state-run programs which collect and distribute data about the prescription and dispensation of federally controlled substances and, depending on state requirements, other potentially abusable prescription... | Wikipedia/Prescription_drug_monitoring_program |
The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is a United States federal law enforcement agency under the U.S. Department of Justice tasked with combating illicit drug trafficking and distribution within the U.S. It is the lead agency for domestic enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act, sharing concurrent jurisdictio... | Wikipedia/Drug_Enforcement_Administration |
The Sunday Telegraph is a British broadsheet newspaper, first published on 5 February 1961 and published by the Telegraph Media Group, a division of Press Holdings. It is the sister paper of The Daily Telegraph, also published by the Telegraph Media Group. The Sunday Telegraph was originally a separate operation with a... | Wikipedia/The_Sunday_Telegraph |
Any product defined as a drug under the Canadian Food and Drugs Act must have an associated drug identification number (or DIN). A DIN also pertains to veterinary drugs permitted for sale in Canada.
The drug identification number (DIN) is the 8 digit number located on the label of prescription and over-the-counter drug... | Wikipedia/Drug_identification_number |
The term “dormant therapy” refers to a new drug or a new biological product which was made the subject of a request for designation in compliance with the Dormant Therapies Act. According to the legislation, the assignment of dormant therapy is given to a drug or new biological product that has been determined to have... | Wikipedia/Dormant_therapy |
A combination drug is a combination of two or more pharmaceutical drugs as active ingredients combined into a single dosage form, typically as a fixed-dose combination, with each constituent standardized to specifications of a fixed dose. Fixed-dose combinations are mass-produced and mass marketed, intended to serve as... | Wikipedia/Combination_drug |
Combination therapy or polytherapy is therapy that uses more than one medication or modality. Typically, the term refers to using multiple therapies to treat a single disease, and often all the therapies are pharmaceutical (although it can also involve non-medical therapy, such as the combination of medications and tal... | Wikipedia/Polytherapy |
Psychotherapy (also psychological therapy, talk therapy, or talking therapy) is the use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular personal interaction, to help a person change behavior, increase happiness, and overcome problems. Psychotherapy aims to improve an individual's well-being and mental heal... | Wikipedia/Talk_therapy |
PKPD modeling (pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic modeling) (alternatively abbreviated as PK/PD or PK-PD modeling) is a technique that combines the two classical pharmacologic disciplines of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. It integrates a pharmacokinetic and a pharmacodynamic model component into one set of mathema... | Wikipedia/PK/PD_models |
Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. A biological target, also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors. When a toxicant enters an org... | Wikipedia/Toxicodynamics |
Medication (also called medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal product, medicinal drug or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. Drug therapy (pharmacotherapy) is an important part of the medical field and relies on the science of pharmacology for continual advancement a... | Wikipedia/Drug_administration |
A membrane transport protein is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane. Transport proteins are integral transmembrane proteins; that is they exist permanently within and span the membrane across which they transport... | Wikipedia/Carrier-protein |
Persister cells are subpopulations of cells that resist treatment, and become antimicrobial tolerant by changing to a state of dormancy or quiescence. Persister cells in their dormancy do not divide. The tolerance shown in persister cells differs from antimicrobial resistance in that the tolerance is not inherited and... | Wikipedia/Multidrug_tolerance |
Directed therapy refers to the treatment of infections based on specific knowledge of what the causal agent is able to be treated with. It is the opposite to empiric therapy, which refers to the treatment of infections based on the clinical suspicion about what the agent should be able to be treated with, based on expe... | Wikipedia/Directed_therapy |
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a form of tuberculosis (TB) infection caused by bacteria that are resistant to treatment with at least two of the most powerful first-line anti-TB medications (drugs): isoniazid and rifampicin. Some forms of TB are also resistant to second-line medications, and are called ex... | Wikipedia/Multi-drug-resistant_tuberculosis |
In molecular biology and genetics, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s). For transformation to take place, the recipient bacterium must be in a state of competence, which mig... | Wikipedia/DNA_transfer |
An animal drug (also veterinary drug) refers to a drug intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in animals.
== Regulation ==
=== United States ===
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has the broad mandate under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.... | Wikipedia/Animal_drug |
Expanded access or compassionate use is the use of an unapproved drug or medical device under special forms of investigational new drug applications (IND) or IDE application for devices, outside of a clinical trial, by people with serious or life-threatening conditions who do not meet the enrollment criteria for the cl... | Wikipedia/Abigail_Alliance_for_Better_Access_to_Developmental_Drugs |
A biologics license application (BLA) is defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as follows:
The biologics license application is a request for permission to introduce, or deliver for introduction, a biologic product into interstate commerce (21 CFR 601.2). The BLA is regulated under 21 CFR 600 – 680. A... | Wikipedia/Biologics_license_application |
The Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program (AVIP), is the name of the policy set forth by the U.S. federal government to immunize its military and certain civilian personnel with BioThrax, an anthrax vaccine manufactured by Emergent BioSolutions Inc. It was set up by the Clinton administration.
In June 2001, the program... | Wikipedia/Anthrax_Vaccine_Immunization_Program |
Expanded access or compassionate use is the use of an unapproved drug or medical device under special forms of investigational new drug applications (IND) or IDE application for devices, outside of a clinical trial, by people with serious or life-threatening conditions who do not meet the enrollment criteria for the cl... | Wikipedia/Compassionate_Investigational_New_Drug_program |
Druggability is a term used in drug discovery to describe a biological target (such as a protein) that is known to or is predicted to bind with high affinity to a drug. Furthermore, by definition, the binding of the drug to a druggable target must alter the function of the target with a therapeutic benefit to the pati... | Wikipedia/Druggable |
Pharmaceutical Drugs Directorate (PDD), previously called the Therapeutic Products Directorate (TPD), is a Canadian federal authority that regulates small molecule pharmaceutical drugs for human use. Prior to being given market authorization, a manufacturer must present substantive scientific evidence of a product's sa... | Wikipedia/Therapeutic_Products_Directorate |
The Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (French: Loi réglementant certaines drogues et autres substances) is Canada's federal drug control statute. Passed in 1996 under Prime Minister Jean Chrétien's government, it repeals the Narcotic Control Act and Parts III and IV of the Food and Drugs Act, and establishes eight Sc... | Wikipedia/Controlled_Drugs_and_Substances_Act |
The Food and Drugs Act (French: Loi sur les aliments et drogues) is an act of the Parliament of Canada regarding the production, import, export, transport across provinces and sale of food, drugs, contraceptive devices and cosmetics (including personal cleaning products such as soap and toothpaste). It was first passed... | Wikipedia/Food_and_Drug_Act |
Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), density relative to extracellular water, is a type of lipoprotein made by the liver. VLDL is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein) that enable fats and cholesterol to mov... | Wikipedia/Very_low-density_lipoprotein |
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTTP, also known as MTP, gene.
MTTP encodes the large subunit of the heterodimeric microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP). Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) completes the heterodimeric MTP, which has been shown ... | Wikipedia/Microsomal_triglyceride_transfer_protein |
ATP citrate synthase (also ATP citrate lyase (ACLY)) is an enzyme that in animals catalyzes an important step in fatty acid biosynthesis. By converting citrate to acetyl-CoA, the enzyme links carbohydrate metabolism, which yields citrate as an intermediate, with fatty acid biosynthesis, which consumes acetyl-CoA. In pl... | Wikipedia/ATP_citrate_lyase |
Bezafibrate (marketed as Bezalip and various other brand names) is a fibrate drug used as a lipid-lowering agent to treat hyperlipidaemia. It helps to lower LDL cholesterol and triglyceride in the blood, and increase HDL.
It was patented in 1971 and approved for medical use in 1978.
== Medical uses ==
Bezafibrate imp... | Wikipedia/Bezafibrate |
Fenofibrate/simvastatin, sold under the brand name Cholib, is a fixed-dose combination medication used to treat abnormal blood lipid levels when used in combination with a low-fat diet and exercise. It contains fenofibrate and simvastatin.
It was approved for use in the European Union in August 2013.
== Medical uses ... | Wikipedia/Fenofibrate/simvastatin |
An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a harmful, unintended result caused by taking medication.: 1.1 Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) ADRs may occur following a single dose or prolonged administration of a drug or may result from the combination of two or more drugs. The meaning of this term differs from the term "side effect"... | Wikipedia/Drug_toxicity |
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoprotein that transport all fat molecules around the body in extracellular water. These groups, from least dense to most dense, are chylomicrons (aka ULDL by the overall density naming convention), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-dens... | Wikipedia/Low-density_lipoprotein |
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are complex particles composed of multiple proteins which transport all fat molecules (lipids) around the body within the water outside cells. They are typically composed of 80–100 proteins per particle (organized by one, two o... | Wikipedia/High-density_lipoprotein |
Fenofibrate/pravastatin, sold under the brand name Pravafenix, is a combination medication used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia (high blood cholesterol levels) in adults whose low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is already being controlled with pravastatin alone but who still need to improve their chole... | Wikipedia/Fenofibrate/pravastatin |
Drugs used in diabetes treat types of diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood. With the exception of insulin, most GLP-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide, exenatide, and others), and pramlintide, all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral anti... | Wikipedia/Anti-diabetic_drug |
Fenofibrate, sold under the brand name Tricor among others, is an oral medication of the fibrate class used to treat abnormal blood lipid levels. It is less commonly used compared to statins because it treats a different type of cholesterol abnormality to statins. While statins have strong evidence for reducing heart d... | Wikipedia/Fenofibrate |
Clofibrate (trade name Atromid-S) is a lipid-lowering agent used for controlling the high cholesterol and triacylglyceride level in the blood. It belongs to the class of fibrates. It increases lipoprotein lipase activity to promote the conversion of VLDL to LDL, and hence reduce the level of VLDL. It can increase the l... | Wikipedia/Clofibrate |
An anticoagulant, commonly known as a blood thinner, is a chemical substance that prevents or reduces the coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time. Some occur naturally in blood-eating animals, such as leeches and mosquitoes, which help keep the bite area unclotted long enough for the animal to obtain blood.
... | Wikipedia/Anticoagulant_drug |
In medicine, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, also GpIIb/IIIa inhibitors, is a class of antiplatelet agents.
Several GpIIb/IIIa inhibitors exist:
abciximab (abcixifiban) (ReoPro)
eptifibatide (Integrilin)
tirofiban (Aggrastat)
roxifiban
orbofiban
== Use ==
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors are frequently used duri... | Wikipedia/Glycoprotein_IIB/IIIA_inhibitor |
Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common hereditary blood-clotting disorder in humans. An acquired form can sometimes result from other medical conditions. It arises from a deficiency in the quality or quantity of von Willebrand factor (VWF), a multimeric protein that is required for platelet adhesion. It is kno... | Wikipedia/Von_Willebrand's_disease |
Thrombolysis, also called fibrinolytic therapy, is the breakdown (lysis) of blood clots formed in blood vessels, using medication. It is used in ST elevation myocardial infarction, stroke, and in cases of severe venous thromboembolism (massive pulmonary embolism or extensive deep vein thrombosis).
The main complication... | Wikipedia/Thrombolytic_therapy |
In medicine, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, also GpIIb/IIIa inhibitors, is a class of antiplatelet agents.
Several GpIIb/IIIa inhibitors exist:
abciximab (abcixifiban) (ReoPro)
eptifibatide (Integrilin)
tirofiban (Aggrastat)
roxifiban
orbofiban
== Use ==
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors are frequently used duri... | Wikipedia/Glycoprotein_IIb/IIIa_inhibitors |
The Cannabis Act (German: Cannabisgesetz) is a bill passed by the German Bundestag in February 2024, and the Bundesrat in March, that legalised the adult (18-years-old and over) use of cannabis in Germany, as well as the personal possession and cultivation of limited amounts of cannabis by adults in Germany, beginning ... | Wikipedia/German_cannabis_control_bill |
The Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act (ATPDEA) is a trade preference system by which the United States grants duty-free access to a wide range of exports from four Andean countries: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. It was enacted on October 31, 2002 as a replacement for the similar Andean Trade Prefer... | Wikipedia/Andean_Trade_Promotion_and_Drug_Eradication_Act |
Renewable energy commercialization involves the deployment of three generations of renewable energy technologies dating back more than 100 years. First-generation technologies, which are already mature and economically competitive, include biomass, hydroelectricity, geothermal power and heat. Second-generation technolo... | Wikipedia/Renewable_energy_policy |
The Agreement for the Control of Opium Smoking in the Far East, also known as the Agreement concerning the Suppression of Opium Smoking, was a treaty concluded in Bangkok on 27 November 1931 and at Lake Success, New York on 11 December 1946. The treaty was signed and ratified by the State of Vietnam, France, British In... | Wikipedia/Agreement_for_the_Control_of_Opium_Smoking_in_the_Far_East |
Get Your Drugs Tested is a free public drug checking service located in Vancouver, Canada. It was founded by Dana Larsen in May 2019, accepting samples in person at their storefront and by mail from all across Canada. Dana Larsen said: "I want to help save lives, I want people to be informed and I wish they could buy c... | Wikipedia/Get_Your_Drugs_Tested |
Industrial policy is proactive government-led encouragement and development of specific strategic industries for the growth of all or part of the economy, especially in absence of sufficient private sector investments and participation. Historically, it has often focused on the manufacturing sector, militarily importa... | Wikipedia/Industrial_policy |
The illegal drug trade, drug trafficking, or narcotrafficking is a global black market dedicated to the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of prohibited drugs. Most jurisdictions prohibit trade, except under license, of many types of drugs through the use of drug prohibition laws. The think tank Global Fin... | Wikipedia/Drug-dealers |
Feminist legal theory, also known as feminist jurisprudence, is based on the belief that the law has been fundamental in women's historical subordination. Feminist jurisprudence the philosophy of law is based on the political, economic, and social inequality of the sexes and feminist legal theory is the encompassment o... | Wikipedia/Feminist_legal_theory |
Heroin-assisted treatment (HAT), or diamorphine-assisted treatment, refers to a type of Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) where semi-synthetic heroin is prescribed to opioid addicts who do not benefit from, or cannot tolerate, treatment with one of the established drugs used in opioid replacement therapy such as meth... | Wikipedia/Heroin-assisted_treatment |
Corporate law (also known as company law or enterprise law) is the body of law governing the rights, relations, and conduct of persons, companies, organizations and businesses. The term refers to the legal practice of law relating to corporations, or to the theory of corporations. Corporate law often describes the law ... | Wikipedia/Corporate_law |
In Colorado, cannabis has been legal for medical use since 2000 and for recreational use since late 2012. On November 7, 2000, 54% of Colorado voters approved Amendment 20, which amended the State Constitution to allow the use of marijuana in the state for approved patients with written medical consent. Under this law,... | Wikipedia/Drug_policy_of_Colorado |
The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law. In ancient Rome, a magistratus was one of the highest ranking government officers, and possessed both judicial and executive powers. In other parts of the world, such as China, magistrate ... | Wikipedia/Magistrate |
In law, a trial is a coming together of parties to a dispute, to present information (in the form of evidence) in a tribunal, a formal setting with the authority to adjudicate claims or disputes. One form of tribunal is a court. The tribunal, which may occur before a judge, jury, or other designated trier of fact, aims... | Wikipedia/Trial |
A drug policy is the policy regarding the control and regulation of psychoactive substances (commonly referred to as drugs), particularly those that are addictive or cause physical and mental dependence. While drug policies are generally implemented by governments, entities at all levels (from international organisatio... | Wikipedia/Drug_control_treaties |
Behaviour therapy or behavioural psychotherapy is a broad term referring to clinical psychotherapy that uses techniques derived from behaviourism and/or cognitive psychology. It looks at specific, learned behaviours and how the environment, or other people's mental states, influences those behaviours, and consists of t... | Wikipedia/Behavior_therapy |
An unenforced law (also symbolic law, dead letter law) is a law which is formally in effect (de jure), but is usually (de facto) not penalized by a jurisdiction. Such laws are usually ignored by law enforcement, and therefore there are few or no practical consequences for breaking them. The existence of unenforced laws... | Wikipedia/Unenforced_law |
Pharmacotherapy, also known as pharmacological therapy or drug therapy, is defined as medical treatment that utilizes one or more pharmaceutical drugs to improve ongoing symptoms (symptomatic relief), treat the underlying condition, or act as a prevention for other diseases (prophylaxis).
It can be distinguished from t... | Wikipedia/Drug_therapy |
Trial advocacy is the branch of knowledge concerned with making attorneys and other advocates more effective in trial proceedings. Trial advocacy is an essential trade skill for litigators and is taught in law schools and continuing legal education programs. It may also be taught in primary, secondary, and undergraduat... | Wikipedia/Trial_advocacy |
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a substance use disorder characterized by cravings for opioids, continued use despite physical and/or psychological deterioration, increased tolerance with use, and withdrawal symptoms after discontinuing opioids. Opioid withdrawal symptoms include nausea, muscle aches, diarrhea, trouble sl... | Wikipedia/Substitution_therapy |
Multiple drug resistance (MDR), multidrug resistance or multiresistance is antimicrobial resistance shown by a species of microorganism to at least one antimicrobial drug in three or more antimicrobial categories. Antimicrobial categories are classifications of antimicrobial agents based on their mode of action and spe... | Wikipedia/Multidrug_resistance |
Some fruit juices and fruits can interact with numerous drugs, in many cases causing adverse effects. The effect is most studied with grapefruit and grapefruit juice, but similar effects have been observed with certain other citrus fruits.
One whole grapefruit, or a small glass (200 mL, 6.8 US fl oz) of grapefruit juic... | Wikipedia/Grapefruit–drug_interactions |
Some fruit juices and fruits can interact with numerous drugs, in many cases causing adverse effects. The effect is most studied with grapefruit and grapefruit juice, but similar effects have been observed with certain other citrus fruits.
One whole grapefruit, or a small glass (200 mL, 6.8 US fl oz) of grapefruit juic... | Wikipedia/Grapefruit_drug_interactions |
Selling counterfeit illegal drugs is a crime in many U.S. states' legal codes and in the federal law of the United States. The fake drugs are sometimes termed as imitation controlled substances.
== Relation to drug-related crimes ==
There is a low chance of law punishing fraud among illicit drug traders, however it ... | Wikipedia/Counterfeit_illegal_drug_selling |
A codrug consists of two drug moieties, generally "active against the same disease", that are joined through one or more covalent chemical bonds to create a single new chemical entity; they can also be described as a mutual prodrug, recognising that a catabolic biosynthetic step is most often required to liberate the t... | Wikipedia/Codrug |
In biochemistry and pharmacology, receptors are chemical structures, composed of protein, that receive and transduce signals that may be integrated into biological systems. These signals are typically chemical messengers which bind to a receptor and produce physiological responses, such as a change in the electrical ac... | Wikipedia/Drug_receptors |
Liver disease, or hepatic disease, is any of many diseases of the liver. If long-lasting it is termed chronic liver disease. Although the diseases differ in detail, liver diseases often have features in common.
== Liver diseases ==
There are more than a hundre... | Wikipedia/Hepatic_disease |
Combined drug intoxication (CDI), or multiple drug intake (MDI), is a cause of death by drug overdose from poly drug use, often implicated in polysubstance dependence.
== Risk factors ==
People who engage in polypharmacy are at an elevated risk of death from CDI. Other dangers of combining drugs such as "brain damage... | Wikipedia/Combined_drug_intoxication |
Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medicines. It is a miscellaneous science as it links health sciences with pharmaceutical sciences and natural sciences. The professiona... | Wikipedia/Pharmaceutical_sciences |
Drug fraud is a type of fraud in which drugs, legal or illegal, are cut or altered in such a way that diminishes their value below that which they are sold for.
== Illegal drug fraud ==
This type of drug fraud occurs when the dealer cuts or commingles the pure drug with a similar substance such as baby powder or pow... | Wikipedia/Drug_fraud |
In medicine and psychology, clinical significance is the practical importance of a treatment effect—whether it has a real genuine, palpable, noticeable effect on daily life.
== Types of significance ==
=== Statistical significance ===
Statistical significance is used in hypothesis testing, whereby the null hypothe... | Wikipedia/Clinically_significant |
Lacing or cutting, in drug culture, refer to the act of using a substance (referred to as the lacing agent or cutting agent) to adulterate substances independent of the reason. The resulting substance is laced or cut.
Some street drugs are commonly laced with other chemicals for various reasons, but it is most commonly... | Wikipedia/Lacing_(drugs) |
A hemeprotein (or haemprotein; also hemoprotein or haemoprotein), or heme protein, is a protein that contains a heme prosthetic group. They are a very large class of metalloproteins. The heme group confers functionality, which can include oxygen carrying, oxygen reduction, electron transfer, and other processes. Heme i... | Wikipedia/Hemeprotein |
Concomitant drugs are two or more drugs used or given at or almost at the same time (one after the other, on the same day, etc.). The term has two contextual uses: as used in medicine or as used in drug abuse.
== Concomitant drugs in medicine ==
This designation is used when medicinal drugs are given either at the sa... | Wikipedia/Concomitant_drug |
Open science is the movement to make scientific research (including publications, data, physical samples, and software) and its dissemination accessible to all levels of society, amateur or professional. Open science is transparent and accessible knowledge that is shared and developed through collaborative networks. It... | Wikipedia/Open-science |
Churn rate (also known as attrition rate, turnover, customer turnover, or customer defection) is a measure of the proportion of individuals or items moving out of a group over a specific period. It is one of two primary factors that determine the steady-state level of customers a business will support.
Churn is widely ... | Wikipedia/Attrition_rate |
The cost of drug development is the full cost of bringing a new drug (i.e., new chemical entity) to market from drug discovery through clinical trials to approval. Typically, companies spend tens to hundreds of millions of U.S. dollars on drug development. One element of the complexity is that the much-publicized fina... | Wikipedia/Cost_of_drug_development |
The United States Food and Drug Administration's Investigational New Drug (IND) program is the means by which a pharmaceutical company obtains permission to start human clinical trials and to ship an experimental drug across state lines (usually to clinical investigators) before a marketing application for the drug has... | Wikipedia/Investigational_new_drug |
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery. It includes preclinical research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the United States Food and Drug Administration for... | Wikipedia/Drug_research |
A pivotal trial is typically a Phase III clinical trial in the multi-year process of clinical research intended to demonstrate and confirm the safety and efficacy of a treatment – such as a drug candidate, medical device or clinical diagnostic procedure – and to estimate the incidence of common adverse effects. A succe... | Wikipedia/Pivotal_trial |
The Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development is an independent, academic, non-profit research center at Tufts University in Boston, dedicated to researching drug development. It was established in 1976 by American physician Louis Lasagna. The Center develops and publishes information to help researchers, regulato... | Wikipedia/Tufts_Center_for_the_Study_of_Drug_Development |
Breakthrough therapy is a United States Food and Drug Administration designation that expedites drug development that was created by Congress under Section 902 of the 9 July 2012 Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act. The FDA's "breakthrough therapy" designation is not intended to imply that a drug is ... | Wikipedia/Breakthrough_Therapy |
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) is a psychedelic drug of the amphetamine and 4-substituted-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DOx) families. It is relatively little-used as a recreational drug but is frequently used in scientific research in the study of psychedelics and serotonin receptors.
DOI acts as a potent serotonin... | Wikipedia/DOI_(drug) |
A psychiatric or psychotropic medication is a psychoactive drug taken to exert an effect on the chemical makeup of the brain and nervous system. Thus, these medications are used to treat mental illnesses. These medications are typically made of synthetic chemical compounds and are usually prescribed in psychiatric sett... | Wikipedia/Psychiatric_drug |
Psychedelic therapy (or psychedelic-assisted therapy) refers to the proposed use of psychedelic drugs, such as psilocybin, ayahuasca, LSD, psilocin, mescaline (peyote), DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, Ibogaine, MDMA, to treat mental disorders. As of 2021, psychedelic drugs are controlled substances in most countries and psychedelic th... | Wikipedia/Psychedelic-assisted_therapy |
LPH-5 is a psychedelic discovered by Emil Marcher-Rørsted, Jesper L. Kristensen and Anders A. Jensen at Danish biopharmaceutical company Lophora. It is a conformationally-restricted derivative of the phenethylamine 2C-TFM, also a hallucinogen, and acts as a potent agonist of the 5-HT2A receptor (EC50 = 3.2 nM, Emax = 7... | Wikipedia/LPH-5_(drug) |
Fumaric acid or trans-butenedioic acid is an organic compound with the formula HO2CCH=CHCO2H. A white solid, fumaric acid occurs widely in nature. It has a fruit-like taste and has been used as a food additive. Its E number is E297. The salts and esters are known as fumarates. Fumarate can also refer to the C4H2O2−4 ... | Wikipedia/Fumarate |
Dissociatives, colloquially dissos, are a subclass of hallucinogens that distort perception of sight and sound and produce feelings of detachment – dissociation – from the environment and/or self. Although many kinds of drugs are capable of such an effect, dissociatives are unique in that they do so in such a way that ... | Wikipedia/Dissociative_drug |
Addiction is a neuropsychological disorder characterized by a persistent and intense urge to use a drug or engage in a behavior that produces natural reward, despite substantial harm and other negative consequences. Repetitive drug use can alter brain function in synapses similar to natural rewards like food or falling... | Wikipedia/Drug_addiction |
Drug discrimination (DD) is a technique in behavioral neuroscience used to evaluate the discriminative stimulus properties of psychoactive drugs. The discriminative stimulus properties of drugs are believed to reflect their subjective effects. When partial or full stimulus generalization of a test drug to a training dr... | Wikipedia/Drug_discrimination |
JRT is a serotonin receptor modulator and putative serotonergic psychedelic and psychoplastogen related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is the analogue of LSD in which the embedded tryptamine structure within the ergoline ring system of LSD has been replaced with an isotryptamine structure.
It acts as a non-sel... | Wikipedia/JRT_(drug) |
Dimethoxybromoamphetamine (DOB), also known as brolamfetamine (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name) and bromo-DMA, is a psychedelic drug and substituted amphetamine of the phenethylamine class of compounds. DOB was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in 1967. Its synthesis and effects are documented in Shul... | Wikipedia/DOB_(drug) |
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM), also known as STP (standing for "Serenity, Tranquility, and Peace" and/or other phrases), is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and DOx families. It is generally taken orally.
DOM was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin, and later described in his book PiH... | Wikipedia/DOM_(drug) |
In cognitive science and neuropsychology, executive functions (collectively referred to as executive function and cognitive control) are a set of cognitive processes that support goal-directed behavior, by regulating thoughts and actions through cognitive control, selecting and successfully monitoring actions that faci... | Wikipedia/Executive_function |
Afterglow, when used in the context of recreational drug use, refers to positive physical and mental effects that linger after the main effects of a drug have subsided, or after the peak experience has subsided. This state is often characterized by feelings of detachment or increased psychological clarity. The term is ... | Wikipedia/Afterglow_(drug_culture) |
The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in Palo Alto, California, in 1965. Known for their eclectic style that fused elements of rock, blues, jazz, folk, country, bluegrass, rock and roll, gospel, reggae, and world music with psychedelia, the band is famous for improvisation during their live performances, a... | Wikipedia/Grateful_Dead |
2C (2C-x) is a general name for the family of psychedelic phenethylamines containing methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 positions of a benzene ring. Most of these compounds also carry lipophilic substituents at the 4 position, usually resulting in more potent and more metabolically stable and longer acting compounds.
Most o... | Wikipedia/2C_drug |
Pharmacovigilance (PV, or PhV), also known as drug safety, is the pharmaceutical science relating to the "collection, detection, assessment, monitoring, and prevention" of adverse effects with pharmaceutical products.: 7
The etymological roots for the word "pharmacovigilance" are: pharmakon (Greek for drug) and vigila... | Wikipedia/Drug_safety |
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