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Entheogenic drugs have been used by various cultural groups for thousands of years, traditionally in a religious, shamanic, or spiritual context.
== Common era ==
A Finnish study assayed psilocybin concentrations in old herbarium specimens, and concluded that although psilocybin concentration decreased linearly over... | Wikipedia/Entheogenic_drugs_and_the_archaeological_record |
Substance intoxication is a transient condition of altered consciousness and behavior associated with recent use of a substance. It is often maladaptive and impairing, but reversible. If the symptoms are severe, the term "substance intoxication delirium" may be used. Slang terms for the state include: getting high (gen... | Wikipedia/Drug_intoxication |
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxyamphetamine (MDOH, MDH, N-hydroxytenamphetamine) is an entactogen, psychedelic, and stimulant of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. It is the N-hydroxy homologue of MDA, and the N-desmethyl homologue of MDHMA. MDOH was first synthesized and assayed by Alexander Shulgin. In ... | Wikipedia/MDOH_(drug) |
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine (DOET) is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and DOx families. It is closely related to DOM and is a synthetic analogue of the naturally occurring phenethylamine psychedelic mescaline. The drug acts as a selective agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, including o... | Wikipedia/DOET_(drug) |
F-2, also known as 6-(2-aminopropyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran or as benzofuran-2-methyl-5-methoxy-6-(2-aminopropane), is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. F-2 was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book PiHKAL, the minimum dosage is listed as 15 mg, and its duration is unknown. F-2 produces f... | Wikipedia/F-2_(drug) |
MALT (N-methyl-N-allyltryptamine or N,N-methylallyltryptamine) is a lesser-known drug from the tryptamine family. It is a novel compound with very little history of human use. It is closely related to methylpropyltryptamine (MPT), as well as N-methyltryptamine. It has been sold online as a designer drug. Very little ... | Wikipedia/MALT_(drug) |
Utopioids (U-type opioids) are a class of synthetic opioid analgesic drugs first developed in the 1970s by the pharmaceutical company Upjohn. However, they were never marketed for medical use. Some compounds from this class have been used for scientific research as model kappa opioid receptor agonists. In the mid-2010s... | Wikipedia/Utopioid_(drug_class) |
Paisley or paisley pattern is an ornamental textile design using the boteh (Persian: بته) or buta, a teardrop-shaped motif with a curved upper end. Of Persian origin, paisley designs became popular in the West in the 18th and 19th centuries, following imports of post-Mughal Empire versions of the design from India, esp... | Wikipedia/Paisley_(design) |
Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human participants designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel vaccines, drugs, dietary choices, dietary supplements, and medical devices) and known interventions ... | Wikipedia/Clinical_study |
Gq protein alpha subunit is a family of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits. This family is also commonly called the Gq/11 (Gq/G11) family or Gq/11/14/15 family to include closely related family members. G alpha subunits may be referred to as Gq alpha, Gαq, or Gqα.
Gq proteins couple to G protein-coupled receptors... | Wikipedia/Gq_protein |
Drugs or medicines may be withdrawn from commercial markets because of risks to patients, but also because of commercial reasons (e.g. lack of demand and relatively high production costs) or because it turns out that they are less effective in clinical practice than premarketing efficacy trials suggested. When risks or... | Wikipedia/Withdrawn_drug |
Cannabis (), commonly known as marijuana (), weed, pot, and ganja, among other names, is a non-chemically uniform psychoactive drug from the Cannabis plant. Native to Central or South Asia, cannabis has been used as a drug for both recreational and entheogenic purposes and in various traditional medicines for centuries... | Wikipedia/Cannabis_(Drug) |
A tartrate is a salt or ester of the organic compound tartaric acid, a dicarboxylic acid. The formula of the tartrate dianion is O−OC-CH(OH)-CH(OH)-COO− or C4H4O62−.
The main forms of tartrates used commercially are pure crystalline tartaric acid used as an acidulant in non-alcoholic drinks and foods, cream of tartar ... | Wikipedia/Tartrate |
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) is an entactogen, stimulant, and psychedelic drug of the amphetamine and MDxx families that is encountered mainly as a recreational drug. In its pharmacology, MDA is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA). In most countries, the drug is a controlled substance and... | Wikipedia/MDA_(drug) |
Transform Press is a small publishing company in the area of psychedelics and other psychoactive drugs that is based in Berkeley, California. It is the publisher of the books of Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin and is led by Wendy Tucker, Ann Shulgin's daughter.
The company's published books by the Shulgins include Pi... | Wikipedia/Transform_Press |
MMDA, also known as 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine or as 5-methoxy-MDA, is a psychedelic and entactogen of the amphetamine family.
== Use and effects ==
MMDA was described by Alexander Shulgin in his book PiHKAL. Shulgin lists the dosage range of MMDA as 100 to 250 mg. The first effects appear within 20 to 4... | Wikipedia/MMDA_(drug) |
Ethnography is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures. It explores cultural phenomena from the point of view of the subject of the study. Ethnography is also a type of social research that involves examining the behavior of the participants in a given social situation and understanding... | Wikipedia/Ethnographer |
Lithium citrate (Li3C6H5O7) is a lithium salt of citric acid that is used as a mood stabilizer in psychiatric treatment of manic states and bipolar disorder. There is extensive pharmacology of lithium, the active component of this salt.
== History ==
Lithium citrate was one of the lithium salts used to add lithium to... | Wikipedia/Lithium_citrate |
Clinical pharmacy is the branch of pharmacy in which clinical pharmacists provide direct patient care that optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention. Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all health care settings but the clinical pharmacy movement initially began inside h... | Wikipedia/Clinical_pharmacists |
Model-Informed Precision Dosing (MIPD for short) is the use of pharmacometric models with computer software to optimize drug dosage for an individual patient. Developed in the late 1960s under the impetus of clinical pharmacologists such as Lewis Sheiner and Roger Jelliffe, these approaches involve applying the equatio... | Wikipedia/Model-Informed_Precision_Dosing |
Drugs.com is an online pharmaceutical encyclopedia that provides drug information for consumers and healthcare professionals, primarily in the United States. It self-describes its information as "accurate and independent" yet limited to being "for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagno... | Wikipedia/Drugs.com |
The United Kingdom Clinical Pharmacy Association (UKCPA) is a non-profit organisation which actively develops clinical pharmacy practice in medicines management.
== History ==
The organisation was founded in Leicester in 1981 in response to a need to drive clinical pharmacy practice forward in the UK. The organisatio... | Wikipedia/UK_Clinical_Pharmacy_Association |
Vaccine Act of 1813 was an Act of the Twelfth Congress of the United States to encourage vaccination against smallpox. It was passed 27 February 1813 and repealed 4 May 1822. The Act was the first federal law concerning consumer protection and pharmaceuticals.
Dr. Edward Jenner discovered smallpox vaccine in 1796, and... | Wikipedia/Vaccine_Act_of_1813 |
The Biologics Control Act of 1902, also known as the Virus-Toxin Law, was the first law that implemented federal regulations of biological products such as vaccines in the United States. It was enacted in response to two incidents involving the deaths of 22 children who had contracted tetanus from contaminated vaccines... | Wikipedia/Biologics_Control_Act |
The Health Sciences Authority (HSA) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Health of the Government of Singapore. It is a multi-disciplinary agency responsible for applying medical, pharmaceutical, and scientific expertise to protect and advance public health and safety.
The organisation serves three key functions... | Wikipedia/Health_Sciences_Authority |
The pharmaceutical industry is a medical industry that discovers, develops, produces, and markets pharmaceutical goods such as medications and medical devices. Medications are then administered to (or self-administered by) patients for curing or preventing disease or for alleviating symptoms of illness or injury.
Phar... | Wikipedia/Drug_company |
President of the United States George W. Bush signed the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007 (FDAAA) on September 27, 2007. This law reviewed, expanded, and reaffirmed several existing pieces of legislation regulating the FDA. These changes allow the FDA to perform more comprehensive reviews of potentia... | Wikipedia/Food_and_Drug_Administration_Amendments_Act_of_2007 |
The Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) was a law passed by the United States Congress in 1992 which allowed the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to collect fees from drug manufacturers to fund the new drug approval process. The Act provided that the FDA was entitled to collect a substantial application fee from d... | Wikipedia/Prescription_Drug_User_Fee_Act |
The United States Food and Drug Administration Modernization Acts (FDAMA) are amendments to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, which regulated products by the FDA. The first bill, the FDA Modernization Act of 1997, reduced the timeline for approving new pharmaceutical drugs. It also loosened rules around broadca... | Wikipedia/Food_and_Drug_Administration_Modernization_Act |
The Marketed Health Products Directorate (MHPD) is the Canadian federal authority that monitors the safety and effectiveness of health products marketed in Canada. These include:
Prescription and non-prescription medications
Biologic medical products, including fractionated blood products
Therapeutic and diagnostic va... | Wikipedia/Marketed_Health_Products_Directorate |
The Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act of 2012 (FDASIA) is a piece of American regulatory legislation signed into law on July 9, 2012. It gives the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the authority to collect user fees from the medical industry to fund reviews of innovator drugs, medica... | Wikipedia/Food_and_Drug_Administration_Safety_and_Innovation_Act |
The regulation of food and dietary supplements by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is a process governed by various statutes enacted by the United States Congress and interpreted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA"). Pursuant to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ("the Act") and accompanying leg... | Wikipedia/Regulation_of_food_and_dietary_supplements_by_the_U.S._Food_and_Drug_Administration |
The Committee on Energy and Commerce is one of the oldest standing committees of the United States House of Representatives. Established in 1795, it has operated continuously—with various name changes and jurisdictional changes—for more than 200 years. The two other House standing committees with such continuous operat... | Wikipedia/House_Energy_and_Commerce_Committee |
Drug Efficacy Study Implementation (DESI) was a program begun by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the 1960s after the requirement (in the Kefauver-Harris Drug Control Act) that all drugs be efficacious as well as safe, was made part of US law. The DESI program was intended to classify all pre-1962 drugs that w... | Wikipedia/Drug_Efficacy_Study_Implementation |
Gaucher's disease or Gaucher disease () (GD) is a genetic disorder in which glucocerebroside (a sphingolipid, also known as glucosylceramide) accumulates in cells and certain organs. The disorder is characterized by bruising, fatigue, anemia, low blood platelet count and enlargement of the liver and spleen, and is caus... | Wikipedia/Gaucher's_disease |
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is a federal public health agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The agency focuses on minimizing human health risks associated with exposure to hazardous substances. It works closely with other federal, state, and local agenci... | Wikipedia/Agency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry |
Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) is a program of the US Food and Drug Administration for the monitoring of medications with a high potential for serious adverse effects. REMS applies only to specific prescription drugs, but can apply to brand-name or generic drugs. The REMS program was formalized in 200... | Wikipedia/Risk_Evaluation_and_Mitigation_Strategies |
Numerous governmental and non-governmental organizations have criticized the U. S. Food and Drug Administration for alleged excessive and/or insufficient regulation. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and is responsible for the safety re... | Wikipedia/Criticism_of_the_Food_and_Drug_Administration |
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a diverse group of tropical infections that are common in low-income populations in developing regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. They are caused by a variety of pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and parasitic worms (helminths). These diseases are contrasted ... | Wikipedia/Neglected_tropical_diseases |
The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, (Pub. L. 111–31 (text) (PDF), H.R. 1256) is a federal statute in the United States that was signed into law by President Barack Obama on June 22, 2009. The Act gives the Food and Drug Administration the power to regulate the tobacco industry. A signature element of... | Wikipedia/Family_Smoking_Prevention_and_Tobacco_Control_Act |
The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER, pronounced "see'-der") is a division of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that monitors most drugs as defined in the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Some biological products are also legally considered drugs, but they are covered by the Center for Biologics Ev... | Wikipedia/Center_for_Drug_Evaluation_and_Research |
The United States Food and Drug Administration Modernization Acts (FDAMA) are amendments to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, which regulated products by the FDA. The first bill, the FDA Modernization Act of 1997, reduced the timeline for approving new pharmaceutical drugs. It also loosened rules around broadca... | Wikipedia/Food_and_Drug_Administration_Modernization_Act_of_1997 |
A myograph is any device used to measure the force produced by a muscle when under contraction. Such a device is commonly used in myography, the study of the velocity and intensity of muscular contraction.
A myograph can take several forms: for tubular structures such as blood vessels these include the pressure myograp... | Wikipedia/Myography |
An acceleromyograph is a piezoelectric myograph, used to measure the force produced by a muscle after it has undergone nerve stimulation. Acceleromyographs may be used, during anaesthesia when muscle relaxants are administered, to measure the depth of neuromuscular blockade and to assess adequacy of recovery from thes... | Wikipedia/Acceleromyography |
In medicine and food law, a test article is a prototype product specifically manufactured to test the product. Since medical and food test products involve human safety, they are subject to legal regulation.
== United States ==
In the United States, medical and food test products are regulated by the Food and Drug Ad... | Wikipedia/Test_article_(food_and_drugs) |
Optomyography (OMG) was proposed in 2015 as a technique that could be used to monitor muscular activity. It is possible to use OMG for the same applications where Electromyography (EMG) and Mechanomyography (MMG) are used. However, OMG offers superior signal-to-noise ratio and improved robustness against the disturbing... | Wikipedia/Optomyography |
In the fields of computational chemistry and molecular modelling, scoring functions are mathematical functions used to approximately predict the binding affinity between two molecules after they have been docked. Most commonly one of the molecules is a small organic compound such as a drug and the second is the drug's... | Wikipedia/Scoring_functions_for_docking |
A protein superfamily is the largest grouping (clade) of proteins for which common ancestry can be inferred (see homology). Usually this common ancestry is inferred from structural alignment and mechanistic similarity, even if no sequence similarity is evident. Sequence homology can then be deduced even if not apparent... | Wikipedia/Protein_homology |
Behçet's disease (BD) is a type of inflammatory disorder which affects multiple parts of the body. The most common symptoms include painful sores on the mucous membranes of the mouth and other parts of the body, inflammation of parts of the eye, and arthritis. The sores can last from a few days, up to a week or more. L... | Wikipedia/Behcet's_Disease |
A drug-eluting stent (DES) is a tube made of a mesh-like material used to treat narrowed arteries in medical procedures both mechanically (by providing a supporting scaffold inside the artery) and pharmacologically (by slowly releasing a pharmaceutical compound). A DES is inserted into a narrowed artery using a deliver... | Wikipedia/Drug-eluting_stents |
The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) is a non-profit scientific and educational organization that administers the only Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) in the United States, established (42 U.S.C. § 274) by the U.S. Congress in 1984 by Gene A. Pierce, founder of United Network for Organ Shari... | Wikipedia/United_Network_for_Organ_Sharing |
Diroximel fumarate, sold under the brand name Vumerity, is a medication used for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). It acts as an immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory drug. Its most common adverse effects are flushing and gastrointestinal problems.
Diroximel fumarate was approved for medica... | Wikipedia/Diroximel_fumarate |
The Trillium Gift of Life Network was an agency of the Government of Ontario responsible for the province's organ donation strategy, promotion, and supply. Ronnie Gavsie was the President & CEO. The agency maintained the BeADonor.ca website. It was subsequently subsumed under Ontario Health in 2019.
== Statistics ==
... | Wikipedia/Trillium_Gift_of_Life_Network |
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is the methyl ester of fumaric acid and is named after the earth smoke plant (Fumaria officinalis). Dimethyl fumarate combined with three other fumaric acid esters (FAEs) is solely licensed in Germany as an oral therapy for psoriasis (brand name Fumaderm). Since 2013, it has been approved by the... | Wikipedia/Dimethyl_fumarate |
The Ragged Edge of Science is a science book by L. Sprague de Camp, illustrated by Don Simpson. It was first published by Owlswick Press in 1980.
The book is a collection of twenty-two articles (two of them book reviews) on various curiosities and wonders exploring the boundaries between science and pseudo-science. "Th... | Wikipedia/The_Ragged_Edge_of_Science |
Voodoo Science: The Road from Foolishness to Fraud is a book published in 2000 by physics professor Robert L. Park, critical of research that falls short of adhering to the scientific method. Other people have used the term "voodoo science", but amongst academics it is most closely associated with Park. Park offers no ... | Wikipedia/Voodoo_Science |
Conversion therapy is the pseudoscientific practice of attempting to change an individual's sexual orientation, romantic orientation, gender identity, or gender expression to align with heterosexual and cisgender norms. Methods that have been used to this end include forms of brain surgery, surgical or chemical (hormon... | Wikipedia/Conversion_therapy |
The rapid prompting method (RPM) is a pseudoscientific technique that attempts to aid people with autism or other disabilities to communicate through pointing, typing, or writing. Also known as Spelling to Communicate, it is closely related to the scientifically discredited technique facilitated communication (FC). Pra... | Wikipedia/Rapid_prompting_method |
Pathological science is an area of research where "people are tricked into false results ... by subjective effects, wishful thinking or threshold interactions." The term was first used by Irving Langmuir, Nobel Prize-winning chemist, during a 1953 colloquium at the Knolls Research Laboratory. Langmuir said a pathologic... | Wikipedia/Pathological_science |
Communal reinforcement is a social phenomenon in which a concept or idea is repeatedly asserted in a community, regardless of whether sufficient empirical evidence has been presented to support it. Over time, the concept or idea is reinforced to become a strong belief in many people's minds, and may be regarded by the ... | Wikipedia/Communal_reinforcement |
A biography, or simply bio, is a detailed description of a person's life. It involves more than just basic facts like education, work, relationships, and death; it portrays a person's experience of these life events. Unlike a profile or curriculum vitae (résumé), a biography presents a subject's life story, highlightin... | Wikipedia/Biographies |
Cupping therapy is a form of pseudoscience in which a local suction is created on the skin using heated cups. As alternative medicine it is practiced primarily in Asia but also in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Latin America. There is no conclusive evidence supporting the claimed health benefits of cupping, and c... | Wikipedia/Cupping_therapy |
Sasquatch: Legend Meets Science is a documentary television film written and directed by Minnesota-based wildlife researcher and film producer Doug Hajicek. The program originally aired on the Discovery Channel on January 9, 2003 and features scientists from various disciplines analyzing evidence for the existence of B... | Wikipedia/Sasquatch:_Legend_Meets_Science |
The biorhythm theory is the pseudoscientific idea that peoples' daily lives are significantly affected by rhythmic cycles with periods of exactly 23, 28 and 33 days, typically a 23-day physical cycle, a 28-day emotional cycle, and a 33-day intellectual cycle. The idea was developed by German otolaryngologist Wilhelm Fl... | Wikipedia/Biorhythm_(pseudoscience) |
A torsion field (also called axion field, spin field, spinor field, and microlepton field) is a reoccurring feature of many pseudoscientific proposals. It posits that the quantum spin of particles can be used to cause emanations to carry information through vacuum orders of magnitude faster than the speed of light.
=... | Wikipedia/Torsion_field_(pseudoscience) |
Anti-vaccine activism, which collectively constitutes the "anti-vax" movement, is a set of organized activities expressing opposition to vaccination, and these collaborating networks have often sought to increase vaccine hesitancy by disseminating vaccine misinformation and/or forms of active disinformation. As a socia... | Wikipedia/Anti-vaccine_movement |
Primal therapy is a trauma-based psychotherapy created by Arthur Janov during the 1960s, who argued that neurosis is caused by the repressed pain of childhood trauma. Janov argued that repressed pain can be sequentially brought to conscious awareness for resolution through re-experiencing specific incidents and fully e... | Wikipedia/Primal_therapy |
The California Academy of Sciences is a research institute and natural history museum in San Francisco, California, that is among the largest museums of natural history in the world, housing over 46 million specimens. The academy began in 1853 as a learned society and still carries out a large amount of original resear... | Wikipedia/California_Academy_of_Sciences |
The chemtrail conspiracy theory is the erroneous belief that long-lasting condensation trails left in the sky by high-flying aircraft are actually "chemtrails" consisting of chemical or biological agents, sprayed for nefarious purposes undisclosed to the general public. Believers in this conspiracy theory say that whi... | Wikipedia/Chemtrail_conspiracy_theory |
Clinical trials on ayurveda refers to any clinical trials done on ayurvedic treatment. Ayurveda is a traditional medicine system in India and like other cultural medical practices includes both conventional medicine and also complementary and alternative medicine. When there are clinical trials in ayurveda, the focus t... | Wikipedia/Clinical_trials_on_Ayurveda |
Bourgeois pseudoscience (Russian: буржуазная лженаука) was a term of condemnation in the Soviet Union for certain scientific disciplines that were deemed unacceptable from an ideological point of view due to their incompatibility with Marxism–Leninism. At various times pronounced "bourgeois pseudosciences" were: Mendel... | Wikipedia/Bourgeois_pseudoscience |
In linguistics, the Japhetic hypothesis or Japhetic theory of Soviet linguist Nikolay Yakovlevich Marr (1864–1934) postulated that the Kartvelian languages of the Caucasus area are related to the Semitic languages of the Middle East. The hypothesis gained favor in the 1930s and 1940s among some Soviet linguists for ide... | Wikipedia/Japhetic_theory |
Chromotherapy, sometimes called color therapy, colorology or cromatherapy, is a pseudoscientific form of alternative medicine which proposes certain diseases can be treated by exposure to certain colors. Its practice is considered to be quackery. Chromotherapists claim to be able to use light in the form of color to b... | Wikipedia/Chromotherapy |
The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience is a two-volume collection of articles that discuss the Skeptics Society's scientific findings of investigations into pseudoscientific and supernatural claims. The editor, Michael Shermer, director of the Skeptics Society, has compiled articles originally published in Skeptic ... | Wikipedia/The_Skeptic_Encyclopedia_of_Pseudoscience |
Uncertainty and Quality in Science for Policy is a 1990 book by Silvio Funtowicz and Jerome Ravetz, in which the authors explain the notational system NUSAP (numeral, unit, spread, assessment, pedigree) and applies it to several examples from the environmental sciences. The work is considered foundational to the develo... | Wikipedia/Uncertainty_and_Quality_in_Science_for_Policy |
Conspiracy theories alleging that governments are using endocrine disrupting chemical pollutants in the water supply to create an alleged increase in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer (LGBTQ) population were popularized in the 2010s. Most notably, American conspiracy theorist Alex Jones cited research on... | Wikipedia/LGBTQ_chemicals_conspiracy_theory |
Energy medicine is a branch of alternative medicine based on a pseudo-scientific belief that healers can channel "healing energy" into patients and effect positive results. The field is defined by shared beliefs and practices relating to mysticism and esotericism in the wider alternative medicine sphere rather than any... | Wikipedia/Energy_medicine |
A polygraph, often incorrectly referred to as a lie detector test, is a pseudoscientific device or procedure that measures and records several physiological indicators such as blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and skin conductivity while a person is asked and answers a series of questions. The belief underpinning the... | Wikipedia/Polygraph |
A fringe theory is an idea or a viewpoint that differs significantly from the accepted scholarship of the time within its field. Fringe theories include the models and proposals of fringe science, as well as similar ideas in other areas of scholarship, such as the humanities. In a narrower sense, the term fringe theory... | Wikipedia/Fringe_theory |
Why People Believe Weird Things: Pseudoscience, Superstition, and Other Confusions of Our Time is a 1997 book by science writer Michael Shermer. The foreword was written by Stephen Jay Gould.
== Summary ==
In the first section, Shermer discusses the ideas that he has towards racism. He also explains his conversion to... | Wikipedia/Why_People_Believe_Weird_Things:_Pseudoscience,_Superstition,_and_Other_Confusions_of_Our_Time |
Recovered-memory therapy (RMT) is a catch-all term for a controversial and scientifically discredited form of psychotherapy that critics say utilizes one or more unproven therapeutic techniques (such as some forms of psychoanalysis, hypnosis, journaling, past life regression, guided imagery, and the use of sodium amyta... | Wikipedia/Recovered-memory_therapy |
The Bates method is an ineffective and potentially dangerous alternative therapy aimed at improving eyesight. Eye-care physician William Horatio Bates (1860–1931) held the erroneous belief that the extraocular muscles caused changes in focus and that "mental strain" caused abnormal action of these muscles; hence he bel... | Wikipedia/Bates_method |
In physics, theories of gravitation postulate mechanisms of interaction governing the movements of bodies with mass. There have been numerous theories of gravitation since ancient times. The first extant sources discussing such theories are found in ancient Greek philosophy. This work was furthered through the Middle A... | Wikipedia/Gravitational_theory |
Synergetic theory, also known as "synergy" and referred to by some as a pseudoscientific theory, was developed by René-Louis Vallée and first disseminated in 1971 with the publication of his book L'énergie électromagnétique matérielle et gravitationally (Material and Gravitational Electromagnetic Energy).
The magazine ... | Wikipedia/Synergetic_theory |
The Strauss–Howe generational theory, devised by William Strauss and Neil Howe, is a psychohistorical theory which describes a theorized recurring generation cycle in American and Western history.
According to the theory, historical events are associated with recurring generational personas (archetypes). Each generati... | Wikipedia/Strauss–Howe_generational_theory |
Melanin theory is a set of pseudoscientific claims made by some proponents of Afrocentrism, which holds that black people, including ancient Egyptians, have superior mental, physical, and paranormal powers because they have higher levels of melanin, the primary skin pigment in humans.
== Claims ==
Melanin theory posi... | Wikipedia/Melanin_theory |
Data sharing is the practice of making data used for scholarly research available to other investigators. Many funding agencies, institutions, and publication venues have policies regarding data sharing because transparency and openness are considered by many to be part of the scientific method.
A number of funding age... | Wikipedia/Data_sharing_(Science) |
A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; RCT) is a form of scientific experiment used to control factors not under direct experimental control. Examples of RCTs are clinical trials that compare the effects of drugs, surgical techniques, medical devices, diagnostic procedures, diets or other medical t... | Wikipedia/Randomized_controlled_trials |
The DPT vaccine or DTP vaccine is a class of combination vaccines to protect
against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus (lockjaw). The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and either killed whole cells of the bacterium that causes pertussis or... | Wikipedia/DTP_vaccine |
An attenuated vaccine (or a live attenuated vaccine, LAV) is a vaccine created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable (or "live"). Attenuation takes an infectious agent and alters it so that it becomes harmless or less virulent. These vaccines contrast to those produced by "killing" the pa... | Wikipedia/Live_attenuated_vaccines |
Environmental Science & Technology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published since 1967 by the American Chemical Society. It covers research in environmental science and environmental technology, including environmental policy. Environmental Science & Technology has a sister journal, Environmental Scienc... | Wikipedia/Environmental_Science_&_Technology |
The classic Monod–Wyman–Changeux model (MWC) for cooperativity is generally published in an irreversible form. That is, there are no product terms in the rate equation which can be problematic for those wishing to build metabolic models since there are no product inhibition terms. However, a series of publications by P... | Wikipedia/Reversible_Hill_Equation |
In statistics, a logistic model (or logit model) is a statistical model that models the log-odds of an event as a linear combination of one or more independent variables. In regression analysis, logistic regression (or logit regression) estimates the parameters of a logistic model (the coefficients in the linear or non... | Wikipedia/Logit_model |
The Monod equation is a mathematical model for the growth of microorganisms. It is named for Jacques Monod (1910–1976, a French biochemist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965), who proposed using an equation of this form to relate microbial growth rates in an aqueous environment to the concentration of a lim... | Wikipedia/Monod_equation |
Dorland's is the brand name of a family of medical reference works (including dictionaries, spellers and word books, and spell-check software) in various media spanning printed books, CD-ROMs, and online content. The flagship products are Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary (currently in its 33rd edition, publishe... | Wikipedia/Dorland's_Illustrated_Medical_Dictionary |
The Langmuir adsorption model explains adsorption by assuming an adsorbate behaves as an ideal gas at isothermal conditions. According to the model, adsorption and desorption are reversible processes. This model even explains the effect of pressure; i.e., at these conditions the adsorbate's partial pressure
... | Wikipedia/Langmuir_adsorption_model |
The administration of drugs to whole populations irrespective of disease status is referred to as mass drug administration (MDA) or mass dispensing.
This article describes the administration of antimalarial drugs to whole populations, an intervention which has been used as a malaria-control measure for more than 70 yea... | Wikipedia/Mass_drug_administration |
Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), also known as a stool transplant, is the process of transferring fecal bacteria and other microbes from a healthy individual into another individual. FMT is an effective treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). For recurrent CDI, FMT is more effective than vancomycin al... | Wikipedia/Fecal_bacteriotherapy |
Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are a group of proteins that are characterized by their affinity for and binding of penicillin. They are a normal constituent of many bacteria; the name just reflects the way by which the protein was discovered. All β-lactam antibiotics (except for tabtoxinine-β-lactam, which inhibits... | Wikipedia/Penicillin-binding_protein |
Sulfonamide is a functional group (a part of a molecule) that is the basis of several groups of drugs, which are called sulphonamides, sulfa drugs or sulpha drugs. The original antibacterial sulfonamides are synthetic antimicrobial agents that contain the sulfonamide group. Some sulfonamides are also devoid of antibac... | Wikipedia/Sulfa_drugs |
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