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text_id stringlengths 22 22 | page_url stringlengths 31 389 | page_title stringlengths 1 250 | section_title stringlengths 0 4.67k | context_page_description stringlengths 0 108k | context_section_description stringlengths 1 187k | media list | hierachy list | category list |
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projected-00307781-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania%20Inferior | Germania Inferior | Geography | Germania Inferior ("Lower Germania") was a Roman province from AD 85 until the province was renamed Germania Secunda in the fourth century, on the west bank of the Rhine bordering the North Sea. The capital of the province was Colonia Agrippinensis (modern-day Cologne). | According to Ptolemy (2.9), Germania Inferior included the Rhine from its mouth up to the mouth of the Obringa, a river identified with either the Aar or the Moselle. The territory included modern-day Luxembourg, the southern Netherlands, part of Belgium, and part of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany, west of the Rhine... | [] | [
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"475 disestablishments",
"470s disestablishments in the Roman Em... |
projected-00307781-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania%20Inferior | Germania Inferior | History | Germania Inferior ("Lower Germania") was a Roman province from AD 85 until the province was renamed Germania Secunda in the fourth century, on the west bank of the Rhine bordering the North Sea. The capital of the province was Colonia Agrippinensis (modern-day Cologne). | The army of Germania Inferior, typically shown on inscriptions as EX.GER.INF. (Exercitus Germaniae Inferioris), included several legions at various times: of these, Legions I Minervia and XXX Ulpia Victrix were the most permanent. The Roman Navy's Classis Germanica (Germanic fleet), charged with patrolling the Rhine an... | [
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"470s disestablishments in the Roman Em... |
projected-00307781-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania%20Inferior | Germania Inferior | See also | Germania Inferior ("Lower Germania") was a Roman province from AD 85 until the province was renamed Germania Secunda in the fourth century, on the west bank of the Rhine bordering the North Sea. The capital of the province was Colonia Agrippinensis (modern-day Cologne). | List of Roman governors of Germania Inferior
Revolt of the Batavi, a major uprising against Roman rule
Germanicus, the role of Germania Inferior in Roman politics
Roman Britain's continental trade
Germania | [] | [
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projected-00307788-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Aljubarrota | Battle of Aljubarrota | Introduction | The Battle of Aljubarrota (; see Aljubarrota) was fought between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile on 14 August 1385. Forces commanded by King John I of Portugal and his general Nuno Álvares Pereira, with the support of English allies, opposed the army of King John I of Castile with its Aragonese, Italia... | [] | [
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projected-00307788-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Aljubarrota | Battle of Aljubarrota | Prelude | The Battle of Aljubarrota (; see Aljubarrota) was fought between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile on 14 August 1385. Forces commanded by King John I of Portugal and his general Nuno Álvares Pereira, with the support of English allies, opposed the army of King John I of Castile with its Aragonese, Italia... | The end of the 14th century in Europe was a time of revolution and crisis, with the Hundred Years' War between the English and the French for Western France, the Black Death devastating the continent, and famine afflicting the poor. Portugal was no exception. In October 1383, King Ferdinand I of Portugal died with no ... | [] | [
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projected-00307788-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Aljubarrota | Battle of Aljubarrota | Portuguese dispositions | The Battle of Aljubarrota (; see Aljubarrota) was fought between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile on 14 August 1385. Forces commanded by King John I of Portugal and his general Nuno Álvares Pereira, with the support of English allies, opposed the army of King John I of Castile with its Aragonese, Italia... | At around 10 o'clock in the morning of 14 August, the army of John I took its position at the north side of this hill, facing the road where the Castilians would soon appear. As in other defensive battles of the 14th century (Bannockburn (1314), Crécy (1346) or Poitiers (1356), for example), the dispositions were as fo... | [] | [
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projected-00307788-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Aljubarrota | Battle of Aljubarrota | Castile arrives | The Battle of Aljubarrota (; see Aljubarrota) was fought between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile on 14 August 1385. Forces commanded by King John I of Portugal and his general Nuno Álvares Pereira, with the support of English allies, opposed the army of King John I of Castile with its Aragonese, Italia... | The Castilian vanguard arrived from the north around midday. Seeing the strongly defensive position occupied by the Portuguese, John of Castile decided to avoid combat on John of Portugal's terms. Slowly, due to the numbers of his army (about 31,000 men), the Castilian army started to contour the hill where the Portugu... | [
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projected-00307788-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Aljubarrota | Battle of Aljubarrota | Battle | The Battle of Aljubarrota (; see Aljubarrota) was fought between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile on 14 August 1385. Forces commanded by King John I of Portugal and his general Nuno Álvares Pereira, with the support of English allies, opposed the army of King John I of Castile with its Aragonese, Italia... | The initiative of starting the battle was with the Castilian side. The French allied heavy cavalry charged in full strength, in order to disrupt order in the enemy lines. Even before they could get into contact with the Portuguese infantry, however, they were already disorganized. Just as at Crécy, the defending archer... | [
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projected-00307788-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Aljubarrota | Battle of Aljubarrota | Aftermath | The Battle of Aljubarrota (; see Aljubarrota) was fought between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile on 14 August 1385. Forces commanded by King John I of Portugal and his general Nuno Álvares Pereira, with the support of English allies, opposed the army of King John I of Castile with its Aragonese, Italia... | During the night and throughout the next day, as many as 5000 more Castilians were killed by the neighbouring inhabitants; according to Portuguese tradition surrounding the battle, there was a woman called Brites de Almeida, the Padeira de Aljubarrota (the baker-woman of Aljubarrota), said to be very tall and strong, a... | [
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projected-00307788-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Aljubarrota | Battle of Aljubarrota | Sources | The Battle of Aljubarrota (; see Aljubarrota) was fought between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile on 14 August 1385. Forces commanded by King John I of Portugal and his general Nuno Álvares Pereira, with the support of English allies, opposed the army of King John I of Castile with its Aragonese, Italia... | Edward McMurdo, The History of Portugal (2); The History of Portugal from the Reign of D. Diniz to the reign of D. Afonso V, General Books LLC, (2009)
A. H. de Oliveira Marques, História de Portugal
Luís Miguel Duarte, Batalhas da História de Portugal- Guerra pela Independência, Lisboa, QUIDNOVI, imp. 2006
Charles Wi... | [] | [
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] |
projected-00307788-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Aljubarrota | Battle of Aljubarrota | Notes | The Battle of Aljubarrota (; see Aljubarrota) was fought between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile on 14 August 1385. Forces commanded by King John I of Portugal and his general Nuno Álvares Pereira, with the support of English allies, opposed the army of King John I of Castile with its Aragonese, Italia... | <li> At this time (14th century), Castile is not synonymous with "Spain". A global Iberian political entity, had first appeared as a Visigothic Kingdom in the very end of the era of the Roman Empire was dismantled after the Muslim invasion of 711. After that, the word "Spain" was used to designate the Iberian peninsula... | [] | [
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projected-00307789-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20of%201000%20Corpses | House of 1000 Corpses | Introduction | House of 1000 Corpses is a 2003 American black comedy horror film written, co-scored, and directed by Rob Zombie in his directorial debut, and the first film in the Firefly film series. It stars Sid Haig, Bill Moseley, Sheri Moon, Karen Black, Rainn Wilson, Chris Hardwick, Tom Towles, Erin Daniels, Jennifer Jostyn, Wal... | [] | [
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"Halloween horror films",
"Films based on urban legends",
"Films directed by Rob Zombie",
"Films set in Texas",
"Films set in 1977",
"F... | |
projected-00307789-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20of%201000%20Corpses | House of 1000 Corpses | Plot | House of 1000 Corpses is a 2003 American black comedy horror film written, co-scored, and directed by Rob Zombie in his directorial debut, and the first film in the Firefly film series. It stars Sid Haig, Bill Moseley, Sheri Moon, Karen Black, Rainn Wilson, Chris Hardwick, Tom Towles, Erin Daniels, Jennifer Jostyn, Wal... | On October 30, 1977, amateur criminals Killer Karl and Richard Wick attempt an armed robbery at a gas station/horror museum, but are killed by the owner, Captain Spaulding, and his assistant, Ravelli. Later that night, Jerry Goldsmith, Bill Hudley, Mary Knowles, and Denise Willis are on the road in hopes of writing a b... | [] | [
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"Films set in 1977",
"F... |
projected-00307789-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20of%201000%20Corpses | House of 1000 Corpses | Cast | House of 1000 Corpses is a 2003 American black comedy horror film written, co-scored, and directed by Rob Zombie in his directorial debut, and the first film in the Firefly film series. It stars Sid Haig, Bill Moseley, Sheri Moon, Karen Black, Rainn Wilson, Chris Hardwick, Tom Towles, Erin Daniels, Jennifer Jostyn, Wal... | Sid Haig as Captain Spaulding
Bill Moseley as Otis
Sheri Moon Zombie as Baby
Karen Black as Mother Firefly
Chris Hardwick as Jerry Goldsmith
Erin Daniels as Denise Willis
Jennifer Jostyn as Mary Knowles
Rainn Wilson as Bill Hudley
Walton Goggins as Steve Naish
Tom Towles as Deputy George Wydell
Matthew McGror... | [] | [
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projected-00307789-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20of%201000%20Corpses | House of 1000 Corpses | Development | House of 1000 Corpses is a 2003 American black comedy horror film written, co-scored, and directed by Rob Zombie in his directorial debut, and the first film in the Firefly film series. It stars Sid Haig, Bill Moseley, Sheri Moon, Karen Black, Rainn Wilson, Chris Hardwick, Tom Towles, Erin Daniels, Jennifer Jostyn, Wal... | Rob Zombie rose to fame as a member of the band White Zombie before beginning a solo career. Zombie's debut album, Hellbilly Deluxe (1998), was influenced by classic horror films, as were its music videos for "Living Dead Girl" (1999) and "Superbeast" (1999). The album was a commercial success, selling over three milli... | [] | [
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projected-00307789-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20of%201000%20Corpses | House of 1000 Corpses | Casting | House of 1000 Corpses is a 2003 American black comedy horror film written, co-scored, and directed by Rob Zombie in his directorial debut, and the first film in the Firefly film series. It stars Sid Haig, Bill Moseley, Sheri Moon, Karen Black, Rainn Wilson, Chris Hardwick, Tom Towles, Erin Daniels, Jennifer Jostyn, Wal... | The film's main cast consisted of the murderous Firefly family, the four teenagers and various police officers attempting to find the group, among others. Sid Haig was cast as Captain Spaulding, a man who dresses as a clown and owns a gas station and museum of curiosities. Haig claimed he had to "get in touch with [his... | [] | [
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projected-00307789-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20of%201000%20Corpses | House of 1000 Corpses | Music | House of 1000 Corpses is a 2003 American black comedy horror film written, co-scored, and directed by Rob Zombie in his directorial debut, and the first film in the Firefly film series. It stars Sid Haig, Bill Moseley, Sheri Moon, Karen Black, Rainn Wilson, Chris Hardwick, Tom Towles, Erin Daniels, Jennifer Jostyn, Wal... | The score for the film was composed by Zombie, alongside Canadian producer Scott Humphrey. Much of the production work for the soundtrack to the film was done in Humphrey's studio, The Chop Shop. The film's score featured similar musical themes to Zombie's releases, consisting of heavy metal influences. MTV said the mu... | [] | [
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projected-00307789-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20of%201000%20Corpses | House of 1000 Corpses | Release | House of 1000 Corpses is a 2003 American black comedy horror film written, co-scored, and directed by Rob Zombie in his directorial debut, and the first film in the Firefly film series. It stars Sid Haig, Bill Moseley, Sheri Moon, Karen Black, Rainn Wilson, Chris Hardwick, Tom Towles, Erin Daniels, Jennifer Jostyn, Wal... | Prior to agreeing to release the film through Universal, Zombie reportedly told the studio of the film's nature, stating "I was really blatant when I talked to them. I didn't want to get into a situation where they thought I was making something mainstream. And I told them that I wanted to make a drive-in movie, someth... | [] | [
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projected-00307789-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20of%201000%20Corpses | House of 1000 Corpses | Critical response | House of 1000 Corpses is a 2003 American black comedy horror film written, co-scored, and directed by Rob Zombie in his directorial debut, and the first film in the Firefly film series. It stars Sid Haig, Bill Moseley, Sheri Moon, Karen Black, Rainn Wilson, Chris Hardwick, Tom Towles, Erin Daniels, Jennifer Jostyn, Wal... | House of 1000 Corpses received a generally negative critical reception upon its release. Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter wrote that the film "lives up to the spirit but not the quality of its inspirations" and is ultimately a "cheesy and ultragory exploitation horror flick" and "strangely devoid of thrills, shoc... | [
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projected-00307789-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20of%201000%20Corpses | House of 1000 Corpses | Home media | House of 1000 Corpses is a 2003 American black comedy horror film written, co-scored, and directed by Rob Zombie in his directorial debut, and the first film in the Firefly film series. It stars Sid Haig, Bill Moseley, Sheri Moon, Karen Black, Rainn Wilson, Chris Hardwick, Tom Towles, Erin Daniels, Jennifer Jostyn, Wal... | It received a home video release on August 12, 2003. For the main menu of the film, Zombie had Sid Haig perform in character as an added bonus. The Blu-ray edition of the film was released on September 18, 2007. The Blu-ray edition of the film features the added menu content with Haig, as well as the bonus features fou... | [] | [
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projected-00307791-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20A.%20Males | Mike A. Males | Introduction | Mike A. Males (born 1950) is an American sociologist who is senior researcher for the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, San Francisco, and content director for YouthFacts.org, the online information service on youth issues. He worked for five years at the University of California, Santa Cruz, where he taught Soc... | [] | [
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projected-00307791-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20A.%20Males | Mike A. Males | Publications | Mike A. Males (born 1950) is an American sociologist who is senior researcher for the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, San Francisco, and content director for YouthFacts.org, the online information service on youth issues. He worked for five years at the University of California, Santa Cruz, where he taught Soc... | The Scapegoat Generation: America's War on Adolescents (1996)
Framing Youth: 10 Myths About The Next Generation (Common Courage Press, 1999)
Smoked: Why Joe Camel Is Still Smiling (Common Courage Press, 1999)
Kids and Guns (Common Courage Press, 2001)
"The New Demons: Ordinary Teens" (Los Angeles Times, April, 2002)
"W... | [] | [
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projected-00307795-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20sunfish | Ocean sunfish | Introduction | The ocean sunfish or common mola (Mola mola) is the second heaviest known bony fish in the world in terms of maximum recorded mass, surpassed only by the lesser known congener southern sunfish (Mola alexandrini) after a dead southern sunfish from Azores weighed 2744 kg (6049 lb). Adults typically weigh between . The sp... | [] | [
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projected-00307795-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20sunfish | Ocean sunfish | Naming and taxonomy | The ocean sunfish or common mola (Mola mola) is the second heaviest known bony fish in the world in terms of maximum recorded mass, surpassed only by the lesser known congener southern sunfish (Mola alexandrini) after a dead southern sunfish from Azores weighed 2744 kg (6049 lb). Adults typically weigh between . The sp... | Many of the sunfish's various names allude themselves to its flattened shape. Its scientific name, mola, is Latin for "millstone", which the fish resembles because of its gray color, rough texture, and rounded body. Its common English name, sunfish, refers to the animal's habit of sunbathing at the surface of the water... | [
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projected-00307795-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20sunfish | Ocean sunfish | Description | The ocean sunfish or common mola (Mola mola) is the second heaviest known bony fish in the world in terms of maximum recorded mass, surpassed only by the lesser known congener southern sunfish (Mola alexandrini) after a dead southern sunfish from Azores weighed 2744 kg (6049 lb). Adults typically weigh between . The sp... | The caudal fin of the ocean sunfish is replaced by a rounded clavus, creating the body's distinct truncated shape. The body is flattened laterally, giving it a long oval shape when seen head-on. The pectoral fins are small and fan-shaped, while the dorsal fin and the anal fin are lengthened, often making the fish as ta... | [
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projected-00307795-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20sunfish | Ocean sunfish | Fins | The ocean sunfish or common mola (Mola mola) is the second heaviest known bony fish in the world in terms of maximum recorded mass, surpassed only by the lesser known congener southern sunfish (Mola alexandrini) after a dead southern sunfish from Azores weighed 2744 kg (6049 lb). Adults typically weigh between . The sp... | In the course of its evolution, the caudal fin (tail) of the sunfish disappeared, to be replaced by a lumpy pseudotail, the clavus. This structure is formed by the convergence of the dorsal and anal fins, and is used by the fish as a rudder. The smooth-denticled clavus retains 12 fin rays and terminates in a number of ... | [] | [
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projected-00307795-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20sunfish | Ocean sunfish | Skin | The ocean sunfish or common mola (Mola mola) is the second heaviest known bony fish in the world in terms of maximum recorded mass, surpassed only by the lesser known congener southern sunfish (Mola alexandrini) after a dead southern sunfish from Azores weighed 2744 kg (6049 lb). Adults typically weigh between . The sp... | Adult sunfish range from brown to silvery-grey or white, with a variety of region-specific mottled skin patterns. Coloration is often darker on the dorsal surface, fading to a lighter shade ventrally as a form of countershading camouflage. M. mola also exhibits the ability to vary skin coloration from light to dark, es... | [] | [
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projected-00307795-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20sunfish | Ocean sunfish | Range and behavior | The ocean sunfish or common mola (Mola mola) is the second heaviest known bony fish in the world in terms of maximum recorded mass, surpassed only by the lesser known congener southern sunfish (Mola alexandrini) after a dead southern sunfish from Azores weighed 2744 kg (6049 lb). Adults typically weigh between . The sp... | Ocean sunfish are native to the temperate and tropical waters of every ocean in the world. Mola genotypes appear to vary widely between the Atlantic and Pacific, but genetic differences between individuals in the Northern and Southern hemispheres are minimal.
Although early research suggested sunfish moved around main... | [
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projected-00307795-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20sunfish | Ocean sunfish | Feeding | The ocean sunfish or common mola (Mola mola) is the second heaviest known bony fish in the world in terms of maximum recorded mass, surpassed only by the lesser known congener southern sunfish (Mola alexandrini) after a dead southern sunfish from Azores weighed 2744 kg (6049 lb). Adults typically weigh between . The sp... | The diet of the ocean sunfish was formerly thought to consist primarily of various jellyfish. However, genetic analysis reveals that sunfish are actually generalist predators that consume largely small fish, fish larvae, squid, and crustaceans, with jellyfish and salps making up only around 15% of the diet. Occasionall... | [] | [
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projected-00307795-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20sunfish | Ocean sunfish | Lifecycle | The ocean sunfish or common mola (Mola mola) is the second heaviest known bony fish in the world in terms of maximum recorded mass, surpassed only by the lesser known congener southern sunfish (Mola alexandrini) after a dead southern sunfish from Azores weighed 2744 kg (6049 lb). Adults typically weigh between . The sp... | Ocean sunfish may live up to ten years in captivity, but their lifespan in a natural habitat has not yet been determined. Their growth rate remains undetermined. However, a young specimen at the Monterey Bay Aquarium increased in weight from and reached a height of nearly in 15 months.
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projected-00307795-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20sunfish | Ocean sunfish | Genome | The ocean sunfish or common mola (Mola mola) is the second heaviest known bony fish in the world in terms of maximum recorded mass, surpassed only by the lesser known congener southern sunfish (Mola alexandrini) after a dead southern sunfish from Azores weighed 2744 kg (6049 lb). Adults typically weigh between . The sp... | In 2016, researchers from China National Genebank and A*STAR Singapore, including Nobel laureate Sydney Brenner, sequenced the genome of the ocean sunfish and discovered several genes which might explain its fast growth rate and large body size. As member of the order Tetraodontiformes, like fugu, the sunfish has quite... | [] | [
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projected-00307795-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20sunfish | Ocean sunfish | Human interaction | The ocean sunfish or common mola (Mola mola) is the second heaviest known bony fish in the world in terms of maximum recorded mass, surpassed only by the lesser known congener southern sunfish (Mola alexandrini) after a dead southern sunfish from Azores weighed 2744 kg (6049 lb). Adults typically weigh between . The sp... | Despite their size, ocean sunfish are docile and pose no threat to human divers. Injuries from sunfish are rare, although a slight danger exists from large sunfish leaping out of the water onto boats; in one instance, a sunfish landed on a 4-year-old boy when the fish leaped onto the boy's family's boat. Areas where th... | [
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projected-00307795-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20sunfish | Ocean sunfish | In captivity | The ocean sunfish or common mola (Mola mola) is the second heaviest known bony fish in the world in terms of maximum recorded mass, surpassed only by the lesser known congener southern sunfish (Mola alexandrini) after a dead southern sunfish from Azores weighed 2744 kg (6049 lb). Adults typically weigh between . The sp... | Sunfish are not widely held in aquarium exhibits, due to the unique and demanding requirements of their care. Some Asian aquaria display them, particularly in Japan. The Kaiyukan Aquarium in Osaka is one of few aquariums with M. mola on display, where it is reportedly as popular an attraction as the larger whale sharks... | [
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projected-00307795-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20sunfish | Ocean sunfish | Research and info | The ocean sunfish or common mola (Mola mola) is the second heaviest known bony fish in the world in terms of maximum recorded mass, surpassed only by the lesser known congener southern sunfish (Mola alexandrini) after a dead southern sunfish from Azores weighed 2744 kg (6049 lb). Adults typically weigh between . The sp... | FishBase reference
Australian Museum
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projected-00307795-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20sunfish | Ocean sunfish | Images and videos | The ocean sunfish or common mola (Mola mola) is the second heaviest known bony fish in the world in terms of maximum recorded mass, surpassed only by the lesser known congener southern sunfish (Mola alexandrini) after a dead southern sunfish from Azores weighed 2744 kg (6049 lb). Adults typically weigh between . The sp... | Mike Johnson Natural History Photography
Phillip Colla Photography/Oceanlight.com
Video lecture (16:53): Swim with giant sunfish in the open ocean - Tierney Thys
Skaphandrus.com Mola mola photos
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projected-00307798-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Garaudy | Roger Garaudy | Introduction | Roger Garaudy (; 17 July 1913 – 13 June 2012) was a French philosopher, French resistance fighter and a communist author. He converted to Islam in 1982. In 1998, he was convicted and fined for Holocaust denial under French law for claiming that the death of six million Jews was a "myth". | [] | [
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projected-00307798-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Garaudy | Roger Garaudy | Early life and education | Roger Garaudy (; 17 July 1913 – 13 June 2012) was a French philosopher, French resistance fighter and a communist author. He converted to Islam in 1982. In 1998, he was convicted and fined for Holocaust denial under French law for claiming that the death of six million Jews was a "myth". | Roger Garaudy was born in Marseille to working class Catholic parents. At the age of 14, Garaudy converted to Protestantism. He fought during World War II and received the Croix de Guerre. After a period as a Vichy France prisoner of war in Algeria, Garaudy joined the French Resistance working for resistance radio an... | [] | [
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projected-00307798-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Garaudy | Roger Garaudy | Political career | Roger Garaudy (; 17 July 1913 – 13 June 2012) was a French philosopher, French resistance fighter and a communist author. He converted to Islam in 1982. In 1998, he was convicted and fined for Holocaust denial under French law for claiming that the death of six million Jews was a "myth". | Garaudy joined the French Communist Party in 1933. By mid 1940s, Garaudy was considered a leading polemicist within the party. He rose through the ranks and in 1945 he became a member of the party's leadership and its Central Executive Committee, where he occupied positions for 28 years.
As a political candidate, he s... | [] | [
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projected-00307798-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Garaudy | Roger Garaudy | Academic career | Roger Garaudy (; 17 July 1913 – 13 June 2012) was a French philosopher, French resistance fighter and a communist author. He converted to Islam in 1982. In 1998, he was convicted and fined for Holocaust denial under French law for claiming that the death of six million Jews was a "myth". | He obtained a state doctorate in philosophy in 1953, with a dissertation discussing theory of knowledge and materialism, entitled La théorie matérialiste de la connaissance. In May 1954, Garaudy defended another doctoral thesis, The Problem of Freedom and Necessity in the Light of Marxism, at the Institute of Philosoph... | [] | [
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projected-00307798-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Garaudy | Roger Garaudy | Political and philosophical views | Roger Garaudy (; 17 July 1913 – 13 June 2012) was a French philosopher, French resistance fighter and a communist author. He converted to Islam in 1982. In 1998, he was convicted and fined for Holocaust denial under French law for claiming that the death of six million Jews was a "myth". | As of 1940s, Garaudy was critical of Jean-Paul Sartre's view of freedom, maintaining that it lacks any social, economic, political or historical context. He criticized Being and Nothingness for what he deemed not going beyond the domain of metaphysical pathology, and Sartre's novels for "depicting only degenerates and ... | [] | [
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projected-00307798-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Garaudy | Roger Garaudy | Conversion to Islam | Roger Garaudy (; 17 July 1913 – 13 June 2012) was a French philosopher, French resistance fighter and a communist author. He converted to Islam in 1982. In 1998, he was convicted and fined for Holocaust denial under French law for claiming that the death of six million Jews was a "myth". | Around 1980, Garaudy read The Green Book by Muammar Gaddafi and became interested in Libya and Islam, meeting the country's leader on several occasions in the desert. He converted formally at the Islamic Centre in Geneva, an organisation controlled by the Muslim Brotherhood. Garaudy converted in 1982 after marrying a P... | [] | [
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projected-00307798-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Garaudy | Roger Garaudy | Conviction of violating Gayssot Act | Roger Garaudy (; 17 July 1913 – 13 June 2012) was a French philosopher, French resistance fighter and a communist author. He converted to Islam in 1982. In 1998, he was convicted and fined for Holocaust denial under French law for claiming that the death of six million Jews was a "myth". | In 1996, Garaudy published, with his editor Pierre Guillaume, the work Les Mythes fondateurs de la politique israelienne (literally, The Founding Myths of Israeli Politics), later translated into English as The Founding Myths of Modern Israel. In the book he wrote of "the myth of the six million" Jewish victims of the ... | [] | [
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projected-00307798-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Garaudy | Roger Garaudy | Garaudy v. France | Roger Garaudy (; 17 July 1913 – 13 June 2012) was a French philosopher, French resistance fighter and a communist author. He converted to Islam in 1982. In 1998, he was convicted and fined for Holocaust denial under French law for claiming that the death of six million Jews was a "myth". | Garaudy challenged the French ruling and appealed to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), stating that his book was a political work criticizing the policies of Israel that did not deny that the Nazis had committed crimes against humanity, and that his freedom of expression was interfered by the French court... | [] | [
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projected-00307798-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Garaudy | Roger Garaudy | Iranian support | Roger Garaudy (; 17 July 1913 – 13 June 2012) was a French philosopher, French resistance fighter and a communist author. He converted to Islam in 1982. In 1998, he was convicted and fined for Holocaust denial under French law for claiming that the death of six million Jews was a "myth". | In Iran, 160 members of the parliament and 600 journalists signed a petition in Garaudy's support. On 20 April 1998, Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei met Garaudy. Khamenei was critical of the West which, he said, condemned "the racist behavior of the Nazis" while accepting the Zionists’ "Nazi-like behavior... | [] | [
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projected-00307798-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Garaudy | Roger Garaudy | Death and legacy | Roger Garaudy (; 17 July 1913 – 13 June 2012) was a French philosopher, French resistance fighter and a communist author. He converted to Islam in 1982. In 1998, he was convicted and fined for Holocaust denial under French law for claiming that the death of six million Jews was a "myth". | Roger Garaudy died in Chennevières-sur-Marne, Val-de-Marne, on Wednesday 13 June 2012, aged 98.
According to Azzam Tamimi, Tunisian thinker Rached Ghannouchi was inspired by Garaudy in the early 1980s, after he read a translation of his book on women. He subsequently authored a treatise on women rights and on the stat... | [] | [
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projected-00307798-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Garaudy | Roger Garaudy | Accolades | Roger Garaudy (; 17 July 1913 – 13 June 2012) was a French philosopher, French resistance fighter and a communist author. He converted to Islam in 1982. In 1998, he was convicted and fined for Holocaust denial under French law for claiming that the death of six million Jews was a "myth". | King Faisal International Prize for Services to Islam (1986), jointly with Ahmed Deedat | [] | [
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projected-00307798-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Garaudy | Roger Garaudy | Books by Garaudy | Roger Garaudy (; 17 July 1913 – 13 June 2012) was a French philosopher, French resistance fighter and a communist author. He converted to Islam in 1982. In 1998, he was convicted and fined for Holocaust denial under French law for claiming that the death of six million Jews was a "myth". | The author of more than 70 books, some his translated works include:
Literature of the Graveyard: Jean-Paul Sartre, François Mauriac, André Malraux, Arthur Koestler, New York, International Publishers, 1948.
Marxism and Religion, Australian Left Review, 1949.
Science and Faith in Teilhard de Chardin, in collaboratio... | [] | [
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projected-00307798-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Garaudy | Roger Garaudy | Books and theses about Garaudy | Roger Garaudy (; 17 July 1913 – 13 June 2012) was a French philosopher, French resistance fighter and a communist author. He converted to Islam in 1982. In 1998, he was convicted and fined for Holocaust denial under French law for claiming that the death of six million Jews was a "myth". | André Dupleix, Le Socialisme de Roger Garaudy et le problème religieux, Toulouse: Privat, 1971.
Michael B. Hughes, The Christian-Marxist Dialogue as Reflected in the Thought of Josef L. Hromadka and Roger Garaudy, M.A. thesis, Kansas State Teachers College of Emporia, 1970
Charles Joseph McClain, Jr., From Ideology t... | [] | [
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projected-00307798-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Garaudy | Roger Garaudy | Articles about Garaudy | Roger Garaudy (; 17 July 1913 – 13 June 2012) was a French philosopher, French resistance fighter and a communist author. He converted to Islam in 1982. In 1998, he was convicted and fined for Holocaust denial under French law for claiming that the death of six million Jews was a "myth". | Maurice Cranston, "The Thought of Roger Garaudy," Problems of Communism, vol. 19, no. 5 (Sept.-Oct. 1970), pp. 11–18. | [] | [
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projected-00307798-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Garaudy | Roger Garaudy | See also | Roger Garaudy (; 17 July 1913 – 13 June 2012) was a French philosopher, French resistance fighter and a communist author. He converted to Islam in 1982. In 1998, he was convicted and fined for Holocaust denial under French law for claiming that the death of six million Jews was a "myth". | Robert Faurisson
Pierre Guillaume | [] | [
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projected-00307799-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashupati | Pashupati | Introduction | Pashupati (Sanskrit Paśupati; devanagari पशुपति ) is a Hindu deity and an incarnation of the Hindu god Shiva as "lord of the animals". Pashupati is mainly worshipped in Nepal and India. Pashupati is also the national deity of Nepal. | [] | [
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projected-00307799-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashupati | Pashupati | Etymology | Pashupati (Sanskrit Paśupati; devanagari पशुपति ) is a Hindu deity and an incarnation of the Hindu god Shiva as "lord of the animals". Pashupati is mainly worshipped in Nepal and India. Pashupati is also the national deity of Nepal. | Paśupati or Pashupatinath, means "Lord of all animals". It was originally it is also was the epithet of Rudra in the Vedic period. and it is one of the epithets of Shiva also. | [] | [
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projected-00307799-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashupati | Pashupati | History | Pashupati (Sanskrit Paśupati; devanagari पशुपति ) is a Hindu deity and an incarnation of the Hindu god Shiva as "lord of the animals". Pashupati is mainly worshipped in Nepal and India. Pashupati is also the national deity of Nepal. | The earliest claimed evidence of Pashupati comes from the Indus Valley civilization (3300 BCE to 1300 BCE), where the Pashupati seal has been said to represent a proto-Shiva figure. | [
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projected-00307799-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashupati | Pashupati | The Deity | Pashupati (Sanskrit Paśupati; devanagari पशुपति ) is a Hindu deity and an incarnation of the Hindu god Shiva as "lord of the animals". Pashupati is mainly worshipped in Nepal and India. Pashupati is also the national deity of Nepal. | Pashupatinath is an avatar of Shiva, one of the Hindu Trinity. He is the male counterpart of Shakti.
The five faces of Pashupatinath represent various incarnations of Shiva; Sadyojata (also known as Barun), Vamdeva (also known as Uma Maheswara), Tatpurusha, Aghor & Ishana. They face West, North, East, South and Zenit... | [] | [
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projected-00307799-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashupati | Pashupati | Nepal | Pashupati (Sanskrit Paśupati; devanagari पशुपति ) is a Hindu deity and an incarnation of the Hindu god Shiva as "lord of the animals". Pashupati is mainly worshipped in Nepal and India. Pashupati is also the national deity of Nepal. | Although Nepal is a secular state, its population is predominantly Hindu. Pashupatinath is revered as a national deity. The Pashupatinath Temple, located at the bank of the river Bagmati, is considered one of the most sacred places in Nepal. In mythology it is said that Lord Pashupatinath started living in Nepal in the... | [
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projected-00307799-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashupati | Pashupati | India | Pashupati (Sanskrit Paśupati; devanagari पशुपति ) is a Hindu deity and an incarnation of the Hindu god Shiva as "lord of the animals". Pashupati is mainly worshipped in Nepal and India. Pashupati is also the national deity of Nepal. | A Pashupatinath temple is sited on the banks of the Shivana river in Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is one of the most important shrines of Mandsaur, and Lord Shiva in the form of Lord Pashupatinath is its primary deity. Its main attraction is a unique Shiva Linga displaying eight faces of Lord Shiva. The shrine h... | [] | [
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projected-00307799-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashupati | Pashupati | Pashupata Shaivism | Pashupati (Sanskrit Paśupati; devanagari पशुपति ) is a Hindu deity and an incarnation of the Hindu god Shiva as "lord of the animals". Pashupati is mainly worshipped in Nepal and India. Pashupati is also the national deity of Nepal. | Pashupata Shaivism is one of the oldest Shaivite sects that derives its name from Pashupati. The sect upholds Pashupati "as the supreme deity, the lord of all souls, and the cause of all existence". | [] | [
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projected-00307799-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashupati | Pashupati | See also | Pashupati (Sanskrit Paśupati; devanagari पशुपति ) is a Hindu deity and an incarnation of the Hindu god Shiva as "lord of the animals". Pashupati is mainly worshipped in Nepal and India. Pashupati is also the national deity of Nepal. | Potnia Theron
Religion of the Indus Valley Civilization | [] | [
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projected-00307799-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashupati | Pashupati | Sources | Pashupati (Sanskrit Paśupati; devanagari पशुपति ) is a Hindu deity and an incarnation of the Hindu god Shiva as "lord of the animals". Pashupati is mainly worshipped in Nepal and India. Pashupati is also the national deity of Nepal. | Includes Śivasahasranāmakoṣa, a dictionary of names. This work compares eight versions of the Śivasahasranāmāstotra. The preface and introduction (in English) by Ram Karan Sharma provide an analysis of how the eight versions compare with one another. The text of the eight versions is given in Sanskrit.
Category:Forms ... | [] | [
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projected-00307801-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual%20group | Dual group | Introduction | In mathematics, the dual group refer to:
Pontryagin dual, of a locally compact abelian group
Langlands dual, of a reductive algebraic group
The dual group in the Deligne–Lusztig theory | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-00307802-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontenoy | Fontenoy | Introduction | Fontenoy () may refer to:
Battle of Fontenoy (1745)
Battle of Fontenay (841)
Fontenoy (novel) by Liam Mac Cóil | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-00307802-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontenoy | Fontenoy | People | Fontenoy () may refer to:
Battle of Fontenoy (1745)
Battle of Fontenay (841)
Fontenoy (novel) by Liam Mac Cóil | Maud Fontenoy (born 1977), French sailor | [] | [
"People"
] | [] |
projected-00307802-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontenoy | Fontenoy | Belgium | Fontenoy () may refer to:
Battle of Fontenoy (1745)
Battle of Fontenay (841)
Fontenoy (novel) by Liam Mac Cóil | , a village in the municipality of Antoing, Belgium | [] | [
"Places",
"Belgium"
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projected-00307802-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontenoy | Fontenoy | France | Fontenoy () may refer to:
Battle of Fontenoy (1745)
Battle of Fontenay (841)
Fontenoy (novel) by Liam Mac Cóil | Fontenoy, Aisne, in the Aisne département
Fontenoy, Yonne, in the Yonne département
Fontenoy-la-Joûte, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle département (a book town)
Fontenoy-le-Château, in the Vosges département
Fontenoy-sur-Moselle, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle département | [] | [
"Places",
"France"
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projected-00307802-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontenoy | Fontenoy | United States | Fontenoy () may refer to:
Battle of Fontenoy (1745)
Battle of Fontenay (841)
Fontenoy (novel) by Liam Mac Cóil | Fontenoy, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community in Brown County, Wisconsin | [] | [
"Places",
"United States"
] | [] |
projected-00307802-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontenoy | Fontenoy | See also | Fontenoy () may refer to:
Battle of Fontenoy (1745)
Battle of Fontenay (841)
Fontenoy (novel) by Liam Mac Cóil | Fontenay (disambiguation) | [] | [
"See also"
] | [] |
projected-00307805-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey%20Howe | Geoffrey Howe | Introduction | Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe, Baron Howe of Aberavon, (20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015) was a British Conservative politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1989 to 1990.
Howe was Margaret Thatcher's longest-serving Cabinet minister, successively holding the posts of Chancellor of th... | [] | [
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projected-00307805-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey%20Howe | Geoffrey Howe | Early life | Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe, Baron Howe of Aberavon, (20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015) was a British Conservative politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1989 to 1990.
Howe was Margaret Thatcher's longest-serving Cabinet minister, successively holding the posts of Chancellor of th... | Geoffrey Howe was born in 1926 at Port Talbot, Wales, to Benjamin Edward Howe, a solicitor and coroner, and Eliza Florence (née Thomson) Howe. He was to describe himself as a quarter Scottish, a quarter Cornish and half Welsh.
He was educated at three independent schools: at Bridgend Preparatory School in Bryntirion, ... | [] | [
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projected-00307805-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey%20Howe | Geoffrey Howe | Backbencher | Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe, Baron Howe of Aberavon, (20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015) was a British Conservative politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1989 to 1990.
Howe was Margaret Thatcher's longest-serving Cabinet minister, successively holding the posts of Chancellor of th... | Howe represented Bebington in the House of Commons from 1964 to 1966 with a much reduced majority. He became a chairman of the backbench committee on social services, being quickly recognised for promotion to the front bench, as HM Opposition spokesman on welfare and labour policy. He was defeated at the 1966 general e... | [] | [
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projected-00307805-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey%20Howe | Geoffrey Howe | Shadow Cabinet | Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe, Baron Howe of Aberavon, (20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015) was a British Conservative politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1989 to 1990.
Howe was Margaret Thatcher's longest-serving Cabinet minister, successively holding the posts of Chancellor of th... | In 1974, the Reigate boundary changes redrew the seat as East Surrey, and Heath appointed him as spokesman for social services. Howe contested the second ballot of the 1975 Conservative leadership election, in which Margaret Thatcher was elected as party leader. She saw him as a like-minded right-winger and he was appo... | [] | [
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projected-00307805-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey%20Howe | Geoffrey Howe | Chancellor of the Exchequer | Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe, Baron Howe of Aberavon, (20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015) was a British Conservative politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1989 to 1990.
Howe was Margaret Thatcher's longest-serving Cabinet minister, successively holding the posts of Chancellor of th... | With the Conservative victory in the 1979 general election, Howe became Chancellor of the Exchequer. His tenure was characterised by an ambitious programme of radical policies intended to restore the public finances, reduce inflation and liberalise the economy. The shift from direct to indirect taxation, the developmen... | [] | [
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projected-00307805-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey%20Howe | Geoffrey Howe | Foreign Secretary | Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe, Baron Howe of Aberavon, (20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015) was a British Conservative politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1989 to 1990.
Howe was Margaret Thatcher's longest-serving Cabinet minister, successively holding the posts of Chancellor of th... | After the 1983 general election Thatcher reluctantly appointed Howe Foreign Secretary, a post he held for six years, the longest tenure since Sir Edward Grey in 1905–1916. With "the quiet determination" applied in the Treasury he set off on a tour of Warsaw Pact countries, interviewing communist leaders and sounding ou... | [] | [
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projected-00307805-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey%20Howe | Geoffrey Howe | Deputy prime minister | Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe, Baron Howe of Aberavon, (20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015) was a British Conservative politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1989 to 1990.
Howe was Margaret Thatcher's longest-serving Cabinet minister, successively holding the posts of Chancellor of th... | In the following month of July 1989, the then little-known John Major was unexpectedly appointed to replace Howe as Foreign Secretary, and the latter became Leader of the House of Commons, Lord President of the Council and Deputy Prime Minister. In the reshuffle, Howe was also offered, but turned down, the post of Home... | [] | [
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projected-00307805-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey%20Howe | Geoffrey Howe | Relationship with Thatcher | Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe, Baron Howe of Aberavon, (20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015) was a British Conservative politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1989 to 1990.
Howe was Margaret Thatcher's longest-serving Cabinet minister, successively holding the posts of Chancellor of th... | Tensions began to emerge in 1982 during the Falklands War when Thatcher, on the advice of Harold Macmillan (who warned against including the Treasury), refused to appoint him to the war cabinet. During his first budget, Thatcher wrote to Adam Ridley: "The trouble with people like Geoffrey – lawyers – they are too timid... | [] | [
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projected-00307805-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey%20Howe | Geoffrey Howe | Resignation | Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe, Baron Howe of Aberavon, (20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015) was a British Conservative politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1989 to 1990.
Howe was Margaret Thatcher's longest-serving Cabinet minister, successively holding the posts of Chancellor of th... | Howe tendered his resignation on 1 November 1990. Sometimes mocked as "Mogadon man" – Mogadon being a well-known sleeping medication – Howe delivered a blow to Thatcher's government in full view of Prime Minister's Questions and a packed House of Commons on 13 November. Howe later contended that the Community Charge wa... | [] | [
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"Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom",
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projected-00307805-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey%20Howe | Geoffrey Howe | Retirement | Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe, Baron Howe of Aberavon, (20 December 1926 – 9 October 2015) was a British Conservative politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1989 to 1990.
Howe was Margaret Thatcher's longest-serving Cabinet minister, successively holding the posts of Chancellor of th... | Howe retired from the House of Commons in 1992 and was made a life peer on 30 June 1992 as Baron Howe of Aberavon, of Tandridge in the County of Surrey. He published his memoirs (1994) soon after. In the Lords, Howe continued to speak on a wide range of foreign-policy and European issues, and led opposition to the La... | [
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"Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom",
"... |
projected-00307808-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption | Assumption | Introduction | Assumption, in Christianity, refers to the Assumption of Mary, a belief in the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven.
Assumption may also refer to: | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-00307808-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption | Assumption | Places | Assumption, in Christianity, refers to the Assumption of Mary, a belief in the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven.
Assumption may also refer to: | Assumption, Alberta, Canada
Assumption, Illinois, United States
Assumption Township, Christian County, Illinois
Assumption Island, Seychelles
Assumption Island Airport
Assumption, Minnesota, United States
Assumption, Nebraska, United States
Assumption, Ohio, United States
Assumption Parish, Louisiana, United St... | [] | [
"Places"
] | [] |
projected-00307808-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption | Assumption | Arts, entertainment, and media | Assumption, in Christianity, refers to the Assumption of Mary, a belief in the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven.
Assumption may also refer to: | "Assumption" (short story), a 1929 story by Samuel Beckett
Assumption of Moses, a Jewish apocryphal pseudepigraphical work of uncertain date and authorship | [] | [
"Arts, entertainment, and media"
] | [] |
projected-00307808-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption | Assumption | Churches | Assumption, in Christianity, refers to the Assumption of Mary, a belief in the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven.
Assumption may also refer to: | Assumption Chapel, Minnesota, United States
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary Church, Michigan, United States
Assumption – St. Paul, New York, United States
Cathedral of the Assumption (disambiguation)
Church of the Assumption (disambiguation) | [] | [
"Churches"
] | [] |
projected-00307808-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption | Assumption | Logic | Assumption, in Christianity, refers to the Assumption of Mary, a belief in the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven.
Assumption may also refer to: | Closed-world assumption, the presumption that a statement that is true is also known to be true, and a statement not known to be true is false
Open-world assumption, assumption that the truth value of a statement may be true irrespective of whether or not it is known to be true
Tacit assumption, belief applied in dev... | [] | [
"Logic"
] | [] |
projected-00307808-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption | Assumption | Australia | Assumption, in Christianity, refers to the Assumption of Mary, a belief in the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven.
Assumption may also refer to: | Assumption College, Kilmore, Victoria
Assumption College, Warwick, Queensland | [] | [
"Schools",
"Australia"
] | [] |
projected-00307808-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption | Assumption | Canada | Assumption, in Christianity, refers to the Assumption of Mary, a belief in the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven.
Assumption may also refer to: | Assumption Catholic Secondary School, Burlington, Ontario
Assumption College School, Windsor, Ontario
Assumption College School (Brantford), Ontario
Assumption University (Windsor, Ontario) | [] | [
"Schools",
"Canada"
] | [] |
projected-00307808-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption | Assumption | India | Assumption, in Christianity, refers to the Assumption of Mary, a belief in the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven.
Assumption may also refer to: | Assumption College, Changanasserry, Kerala | [] | [
"Schools",
"India"
] | [] |
projected-00307808-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption | Assumption | Japan | Assumption, in Christianity, refers to the Assumption of Mary, a belief in the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven.
Assumption may also refer to: | Assumption Junior College, Osaka Prefecture | [] | [
"Schools",
"Japan"
] | [] |
projected-00307808-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption | Assumption | Philippines | Assumption, in Christianity, refers to the Assumption of Mary, a belief in the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven.
Assumption may also refer to: | Assumption Antipolo
Assumption College of Davao, Davao City
Assumption College San Lorenzo, Makati City
Assumption Iloilo, Iloilo City
University of the Assumption, Pampanga | [] | [
"Schools",
"Philippines"
] | [] |
projected-00307808-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption | Assumption | Singapore | Assumption, in Christianity, refers to the Assumption of Mary, a belief in the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven.
Assumption may also refer to: | Assumption English School | [] | [
"Schools",
"Singapore"
] | [] |
projected-00307808-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption | Assumption | Thailand | Assumption, in Christianity, refers to the Assumption of Mary, a belief in the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven.
Assumption may also refer to: | Assumption College Sriracha, Chonburi Province
Assumption College (Thailand)
Assumption University (Thailand), Bangkok | [] | [
"Schools",
"Thailand"
] | [] |
projected-00307808-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption | Assumption | UK (Northern Ireland) | Assumption, in Christianity, refers to the Assumption of Mary, a belief in the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven.
Assumption may also refer to: | Assumption Grammar School, Ballynahinch, County Down, Northern Ireland | [] | [
"Schools",
"UK (Northern Ireland)"
] | [] |
projected-00307808-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption | Assumption | United States | Assumption, in Christianity, refers to the Assumption of Mary, a belief in the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven.
Assumption may also refer to: | Academy of the Assumption, Florida
Assumption Catholic School, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston–Houston
Assumption College, Massachusetts
Assumption College for Sisters, New Jersey
Assumption High School (Iowa)
Assumption High School (Kentucky)
Assumption High School (Louisiana)
Assumption High School (Wi... | [] | [
"Schools",
"United States"
] | [] |
projected-00307808-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption | Assumption | See also | Assumption, in Christianity, refers to the Assumption of Mary, a belief in the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven.
Assumption may also refer to: | Dormition (disambiguation)
Asunción, the Spanish word
Axiom
Assumption Cathedral (disambiguation)
Church of the Assumption (disambiguation)
Debt Assumption, the US policy under Alexander Hamilton to assume the war debt of some states
Entering heaven alive
L'Assomption River, Quebec, Canada
List of churches cons... | [] | [
"See also"
] | [] |
projected-00307809-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive%20protein | C-reactive protein | Introduction | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind ... | [] | [
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"Biomarkers",
"Acute-phase proteins",
"Blood tests",
"Chemical pathology",
"Diagnostic cardiology",
"Diagnostic intensive care medicine",
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projected-00307809-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive%20protein | C-reactive protein | History | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind ... | Discovered by Tillett and Francis in 1930, it was initially thought that CRP might be a pathogenic secretion since it was elevated in a variety of illnesses, including cancer. The later discovery of hepatic synthesis (made in the liver) demonstrated that it is a native protein. Initially, CRP was measured using the que... | [] | [
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projected-00307809-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive%20protein | C-reactive protein | Nomenclature | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind ... | CRP was so named because it was first identified as a substance in the serum of patients with acute inflammation that reacted with the cell wall polysaccharide (C-polysaccharide) of pneumococcus. | [] | [
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projected-00307809-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive%20protein | C-reactive protein | Genetics and structure | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind ... | The CRP gene is located on chromosome 1 (1q23.2). It is a member of the small pentraxins family. The monomer has 224 amino acids and molecular mass of 25,106 Da. The complete protein, composed of five monomers, has a total mass of approximately 120,000 Da. In serum, it assembles into stable pentameric structure with a... | [] | [
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projected-00307809-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive%20protein | C-reactive protein | Function | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind ... | CRP binds to the phosphocholine expressed on the surface of bacterial cells such as pneumococcus bacteria. This activates the complement system, promoting phagocytosis by macrophages, which clears necrotic and apoptotic cells and bacteria.>
This so-called acute phase response occurs as a result of increasing concentra... | [] | [
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projected-00307809-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive%20protein | C-reactive protein | Measurement methods | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind ... | Traditional CRP measurement only detected CRP in the range of 10 to 1,000 mg/L, whereas high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) detects CRP in the range of 0.5 to 10 mg/L. hs-CRP can detect cardiovascular disease risk when in excess of 3 mg/L, whereas below 1 mg/L would be low risk. Traditional CRP measurement is faster and less... | [] | [
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projected-00307809-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive%20protein | C-reactive protein | Normal | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind ... | In healthy adults, the normal concentrations of CRP varies between 0.8 mg/L and 3.0 mg/L. However, some healthy adults show elevated CRP at 10 mg/L. CRP concentrations also increase with age, possibly due to subclinical conditions. There is also no seasonal variations of CRP concentrations. Gene polymorphism of interle... | [] | [
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projected-00307809-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive%20protein | C-reactive protein | Acute inflammation | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind ... | When there is a stimulus, the CRP level can increase 10,000-fold from less than 50 μg/L to more than 500 mg/L. Its concentration can increase to 5 mg/L by 6 hours and peak at 48 hours. Therefore, the only factor that affects the blood CRP concentration is its production rate, which increases with inflammation, infectio... | [] | [
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projected-00307809-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive%20protein | C-reactive protein | Chronic inflammation | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind ... | CRP concentrations between 2 and 10 mg/L are considered as metabolic inflammation: metabolic pathways that cause arteriosclerosis and type II diabetes mellitus. | [] | [
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