Search is not available for this dataset
text_id stringlengths 22 22 | page_url stringlengths 31 389 | page_title stringlengths 1 250 | section_title stringlengths 0 4.67k | context_page_description stringlengths 0 108k | context_section_description stringlengths 1 187k | media list | hierachy list | category list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
projected-00307837-033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Treatment | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | When a fracture occurs, the doctor tries to bring the bones into a position that will promote healing and restore arm movement. If the clavicle is fractured, the patient must at first wear a strap and sling around the chest to keep the clavicle in place. After removing the strap and sling, the doctor will prescribe exe... | [] | [
"Fracture",
"Treatment"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Description | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | In arthritis of the shoulder, the cartilage of the ball and socket (glenohumeral joint) is lost so that bone rubs on bone.
It may be caused by wear and tear (degenerative joint disease), injury (traumatic arthritis), surgery (secondary degenerative joint disease), inflammation (rheumatoid arthritis) or infection (septi... | [] | [
"Arthritis of the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)",
"Description"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Signs and diagnosis | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | Arthritis of the shoulder causes pain and loss of motion and use of the shoulder. X-rays of the shoulder show loss of the normal space between the ball and socket. X-ray can provide radiographic staging of shoulder osteoarthritis. | [
"X-ray of osteoarthritis of the shoulder.jpg"
] | [
"Arthritis of the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)",
"Signs and diagnosis"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Treatment | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | Early on arthritis of the shoulder can be managed with mild analgesics and gentle exercises. Known gentle exercises include warm water therapy pool exercises that are provided by a trained and licensed physical therapist; approved land exercises to assure free movement of the arthritic area; cortisone injections (admin... | [] | [
"Arthritis of the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)",
"Treatment"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Description | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | The acromioclavicular articulation consists of the acromioclavicular ligament and a small disk of cartilage located in between the acromion and the clavicle. This disk can wear down through injury, extreme joint stress (via bodybuilding) or normal wear. | [] | [
"Arthritis or osteolysis of the AC (acromioclavicular) joint",
"Description"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Signs and diagnosis | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | Pain is perceived on shoulder motion, especially on certain movements. Often a crossover arm test is utilized in diagnosis because this compresses the AC joint, exacerbating the symptoms. X-rays of the shoulder joint may show either arthritic changes of the ac joint or osteolysis. | [] | [
"Arthritis or osteolysis of the AC (acromioclavicular) joint",
"Signs and diagnosis"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Treatment | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | Conservative treatment for this joint is similar to treatments for other types of arthritis, including restricting activity, anti-inflammatory medications (or supplements), physical therapy, and occasionally cortisone shots. If the pain is severe, surgery may be an option. The most common surgical treatment, known as... | [] | [
"Arthritis or osteolysis of the AC (acromioclavicular) joint",
"Treatment"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Treatment | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | A mnemonic for the basic treatment principles of any musculoskeletal problems is PRICE: Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation:
Protection: Guard the shoulder to prevent further injury.
Rest: Reduce or stop using the injured area for 48 hours.
Ice: Put an ice pack on the injured area for 20 minutes at a t... | [] | [
"Treatment"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | References | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | This article contains and extends text from the public domain document "Questions and Answers about Shoulder Problems", NIH Publication No. 01-4865, available from URL http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/topics/shoulderprobs/shoulderqa.htm | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307843-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tileagd | Tileagd | Introduction | Tileagd () is a commune located in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Bălaia (Kabaláspatak), Călătani (Kalotaitanya), Poșoloaca (Pósalaka), Tileagd, Tilecuș (Telkesd) and Uileacu de Criș (Pusztaújlak). | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Communes in Bihor County",
"Localities in Crișana"
] | |
projected-00307843-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tileagd | Tileagd | Geography | Tileagd () is a commune located in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Bălaia (Kabaláspatak), Călătani (Kalotaitanya), Poșoloaca (Pósalaka), Tileagd, Tilecuș (Telkesd) and Uileacu de Criș (Pusztaújlak). | It is on the picturesque road between Oradea and Cluj-Napoca, 23 kilometres from Oradea. The closest town to Tileagd is Aleșd, 12 km away. Tileagd is served by three CFR trains daily from Oradea, which continue to Aleșd, Huedin and Cluj-Napoca. | [] | [
"Geography"
] | [
"Communes in Bihor County",
"Localities in Crișana"
] |
projected-00307843-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tileagd | Tileagd | Etymology | Tileagd () is a commune located in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Bălaia (Kabaláspatak), Călătani (Kalotaitanya), Poșoloaca (Pósalaka), Tileagd, Tilecuș (Telkesd) and Uileacu de Criș (Pusztaújlak). | Its Hungarian name originates in the word telek which means "plot" in English with a "d" affixture. The first written record about the village was made in a warrant of 1294's copy of 1572 under the name Thelegd and then its name emerged in 1773 as Mező-Telegd. | [] | [
"Etymology"
] | [
"Communes in Bihor County",
"Localities in Crișana"
] |
projected-00307843-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tileagd | Tileagd | History | Tileagd () is a commune located in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Bălaia (Kabaláspatak), Călătani (Kalotaitanya), Poșoloaca (Pósalaka), Tileagd, Tilecuș (Telkesd) and Uileacu de Criș (Pusztaújlak). | At the beginning of the 13th century, a group of Székelys lived in the area, having moved from Udvarhelyszék. They were called 'Székelys of Telegd' and the first name of Székelyudvarhely which is the centre Telegd, the area they moved into. In 1291, the founder of the Thelegdy family moved to here. In 1688, at the edg... | [
"Mezotelegd reformatus templom.jpg"
] | [
"History"
] | [
"Communes in Bihor County",
"Localities in Crișana"
] |
projected-00307843-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tileagd | Tileagd | Population | Tileagd () is a commune located in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Bălaia (Kabaláspatak), Călătani (Kalotaitanya), Poșoloaca (Pósalaka), Tileagd, Tilecuș (Telkesd) and Uileacu de Criș (Pusztaújlak). | In 1828, it had a population of 1575.
In 1900, it had a population of 2508. These included 2034 Hungarians, 424 Romanians, 24 Germans, 13 Slovaks and 13 Gypsies.
In 2002, it had a population of 3960. These included 2374 Romanians, 1016 Hungarians, 523 Gypsies and 40 Slovaks. | [] | [
"Population"
] | [
"Communes in Bihor County",
"Localities in Crișana"
] |
projected-00307843-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tileagd | Tileagd | Notable residents | Tileagd () is a commune located in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Bălaia (Kabaláspatak), Călătani (Kalotaitanya), Poșoloaca (Pósalaka), Tileagd, Tilecuș (Telkesd) and Uileacu de Criș (Pusztaújlak). | The bishop of Nagyszombat and the archbishop of Esztergom, Miklós Telegdi, was born here.
The wife of Stephen Bocskay, Kata Hagymássy, died here. | [] | [
"Notable residents"
] | [
"Communes in Bihor County",
"Localities in Crișana"
] |
projected-00307843-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tileagd | Tileagd | References | Tileagd () is a commune located in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Bălaia (Kabaláspatak), Călătani (Kalotaitanya), Poșoloaca (Pósalaka), Tileagd, Tilecuș (Telkesd) and Uileacu de Criș (Pusztaújlak). | Category:Communes in Bihor County
Category:Localities in Crișana | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Communes in Bihor County",
"Localities in Crișana"
] |
projected-00307845-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cri%C8%99ana | Crișana | Introduction | Crișana (, ) is a geographical and historical region in north-western Romania, named after the Criș (Körös) River and its three tributaries: the Crișul Alb, Crișul Negru, and Crișul Repede. In Romania, the term is sometimes extended to include areas beyond the border, in Hungary; in this interpretation, the region is b... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Crișana",
"Historical regions of Transylvania",
"Historical regions in Hungary",
"Historical regions in Romania",
"Divided regions"
] | |
projected-00307845-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cri%C8%99ana | Crișana | Ancient history | Crișana (, ) is a geographical and historical region in north-western Romania, named after the Criș (Körös) River and its three tributaries: the Crișul Alb, Crișul Negru, and Crișul Repede. In Romania, the term is sometimes extended to include areas beyond the border, in Hungary; in this interpretation, the region is b... | In ancient times, this area was settled by Celts, Dacians, Sarmatians, and Germanic peoples. In the first century BC, it was part of the Dacian Kingdom under Burebista. | [] | [
"History",
"Ancient history"
] | [
"Crișana",
"Historical regions of Transylvania",
"Historical regions in Hungary",
"Historical regions in Romania",
"Divided regions"
] |
projected-00307845-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cri%C8%99ana | Crișana | Middle Ages | Crișana (, ) is a geographical and historical region in north-western Romania, named after the Criș (Körös) River and its three tributaries: the Crișul Alb, Crișul Negru, and Crișul Repede. In Romania, the term is sometimes extended to include areas beyond the border, in Hungary; in this interpretation, the region is b... | In the Middle Ages, it was ruled by the Hunnic Empire, the Kingdom of the Gepids, the Avar Empire, the Bulgarian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary.
Hungarian maps based on the Gesta Hungarorum call it Kazárország which according to Simon of Keza was ruled (under Zvataplug son of Morout), by Morout's Grandson Menumorou... | [
"Gesta hungarorum map.jpg"
] | [
"History",
"Middle Ages"
] | [
"Crișana",
"Historical regions of Transylvania",
"Historical regions in Hungary",
"Historical regions in Romania",
"Divided regions"
] |
projected-00307845-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cri%C8%99ana | Crișana | Modern History | Crișana (, ) is a geographical and historical region in north-western Romania, named after the Criș (Körös) River and its three tributaries: the Crișul Alb, Crișul Negru, and Crișul Repede. In Romania, the term is sometimes extended to include areas beyond the border, in Hungary; in this interpretation, the region is b... | After the Battle of Mohács (1526), the region became part of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom. In 1552, the Ottoman Empire occupied the southern part of Crișana and included it in the newly established Temeşvar Eyalet. According to the Treaty of Speyer (1570), the rest of Crișana became part of the Principality of Transyl... | [
"Partium1570.PNG"
] | [
"History",
"Modern History"
] | [
"Crișana",
"Historical regions of Transylvania",
"Historical regions in Hungary",
"Historical regions in Romania",
"Divided regions"
] |
projected-00307845-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cri%C8%99ana | Crișana | Geography | Crișana (, ) is a geographical and historical region in north-western Romania, named after the Criș (Körös) River and its three tributaries: the Crișul Alb, Crișul Negru, and Crișul Repede. In Romania, the term is sometimes extended to include areas beyond the border, in Hungary; in this interpretation, the region is b... | Romanian Crișana is bounded in Romania by Maramureș to the north, Transylvania proper to the east, Banat to the south, and Hungary to the west. The region consists of the current Romanian counties of Arad (most of it), Bihor and some parts of Sălaj, Satu Mare, parts of Maramureș County (Codru, Chioar) and Hunedoara cou... | [] | [
"Geography"
] | [
"Crișana",
"Historical regions of Transylvania",
"Historical regions in Hungary",
"Historical regions in Romania",
"Divided regions"
] |
projected-00307845-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cri%C8%99ana | Crișana | Cities | Crișana (, ) is a geographical and historical region in north-western Romania, named after the Criș (Körös) River and its three tributaries: the Crișul Alb, Crișul Negru, and Crișul Repede. In Romania, the term is sometimes extended to include areas beyond the border, in Hungary; in this interpretation, the region is b... | The most important cities are:
Zalău, Oradea, Arad, Salonta, and Beiuș (in Romania)
Debrecen, Békéscsaba, and Gyula (in Hungary) | [] | [
"Cities"
] | [
"Crișana",
"Historical regions of Transylvania",
"Historical regions in Hungary",
"Historical regions in Romania",
"Divided regions"
] |
projected-00307845-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cri%C8%99ana | Crișana | See also | Crișana (, ) is a geographical and historical region in north-western Romania, named after the Criș (Körös) River and its three tributaries: the Crișul Alb, Crișul Negru, and Crișul Repede. In Romania, the term is sometimes extended to include areas beyond the border, in Hungary; in this interpretation, the region is b... | Partium | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Crișana",
"Historical regions of Transylvania",
"Historical regions in Hungary",
"Historical regions in Romania",
"Divided regions"
] |
projected-00307847-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cri%C8%99ana%20%28newspaper%29 | Crișana (newspaper) | Introduction | Crişana is an important local newspaper based in Oradea (the informal capital of the Crişana region and the capital of Bihor county, Romania). It is one of the oldest local publications, being founded in 1945. The newspaper is published by SC Anotimp SA, a local publishing house. Anotimp currently distributes the follo... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Newspapers published in Romania",
"Mass media in Oradea"
] | |
projected-00307851-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20supermarket%20chains%20in%20Romania | List of supermarket chains in Romania | Introduction | The concept of modern, big and self-service store came to Romania in mid-1990s. Since mid-2000s, there has been a strong growth in the number of supermarkets in the country, particularly in Bucharest and other main urban areas. Almost all supermarkets are owned by multinational companies. This is a list of major retail... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Lists of supermarket chains by country",
"Supermarkets of Romania",
"Lists of companies of Romania"
] | |
projected-00307851-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20supermarket%20chains%20in%20Romania | List of supermarket chains in Romania | See also | The concept of modern, big and self-service store came to Romania in mid-1990s. Since mid-2000s, there has been a strong growth in the number of supermarkets in the country, particularly in Bucharest and other main urban areas. Almost all supermarkets are owned by multinational companies. This is a list of major retail... | List of supermarket chains | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Lists of supermarket chains by country",
"Supermarkets of Romania",
"Lists of companies of Romania"
] |
projected-00307851-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20supermarket%20chains%20in%20Romania | List of supermarket chains in Romania | References | The concept of modern, big and self-service store came to Romania in mid-1990s. Since mid-2000s, there has been a strong growth in the number of supermarkets in the country, particularly in Bucharest and other main urban areas. Almost all supermarkets are owned by multinational companies. This is a list of major retail... | Romania
*
Supermarkets | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Lists of supermarket chains by country",
"Supermarkets of Romania",
"Lists of companies of Romania"
] |
projected-00307855-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billa%20%28supermarket%29 | Billa (supermarket) | Introduction | BILLA () is an Austrian supermarket chain that operates in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. The company was founded by Karl Wlaschek in 1953. He sold his controlling interest to Germany's REWE Group in 1996. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Austrian companies established in 1953",
"Austrian brands",
"Convenience stores",
"Defunct retail companies of Romania",
"Retail companies established in 1953",
"Supermarkets of Austria",
"Supermarkets of Bulgaria",
"Supermarkets of Croatia",
"Supermarkets of the Czech Republic",
"Supermarkets of... | |
projected-00307855-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billa%20%28supermarket%29 | Billa (supermarket) | History | BILLA () is an Austrian supermarket chain that operates in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. The company was founded by Karl Wlaschek in 1953. He sold his controlling interest to Germany's REWE Group in 1996. | In 1953, Karl Wlaschek opened a discount perfume shop in the Vienna district of Margareten called WKW (Warenhandel Karl Wlaschek, translatable as Karl Wlaschek Trading). By 1960 WKW had 45 stores in Austria. In 1961 the chain was renamed Billa, a portmanteau of "billiger Laden", German for 'cheap shop', started selling... | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Austrian companies established in 1953",
"Austrian brands",
"Convenience stores",
"Defunct retail companies of Romania",
"Retail companies established in 1953",
"Supermarkets of Austria",
"Supermarkets of Bulgaria",
"Supermarkets of Croatia",
"Supermarkets of the Czech Republic",
"Supermarkets of... |
projected-00307855-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billa%20%28supermarket%29 | Billa (supermarket) | Present locations | BILLA () is an Austrian supermarket chain that operates in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. The company was founded by Karl Wlaschek in 1953. He sold his controlling interest to Germany's REWE Group in 1996. | Billa operates stores in four European countries: | [] | [
"Present locations"
] | [
"Austrian companies established in 1953",
"Austrian brands",
"Convenience stores",
"Defunct retail companies of Romania",
"Retail companies established in 1953",
"Supermarkets of Austria",
"Supermarkets of Bulgaria",
"Supermarkets of Croatia",
"Supermarkets of the Czech Republic",
"Supermarkets of... |
projected-00307855-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billa%20%28supermarket%29 | Billa (supermarket) | Austria | BILLA () is an Austrian supermarket chain that operates in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. The company was founded by Karl Wlaschek in 1953. He sold his controlling interest to Germany's REWE Group in 1996. | Austria is the chain's home market. As of March 2019 Billa had 1,069 stores in the country, second only to SPAR's 1,538. | [] | [
"Present locations",
"Austria"
] | [
"Austrian companies established in 1953",
"Austrian brands",
"Convenience stores",
"Defunct retail companies of Romania",
"Retail companies established in 1953",
"Supermarkets of Austria",
"Supermarkets of Bulgaria",
"Supermarkets of Croatia",
"Supermarkets of the Czech Republic",
"Supermarkets of... |
projected-00307855-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billa%20%28supermarket%29 | Billa (supermarket) | Czech Republic | BILLA () is an Austrian supermarket chain that operates in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. The company was founded by Karl Wlaschek in 1953. He sold his controlling interest to Germany's REWE Group in 1996. | The first Billa supermarket in the Czech Republic was opened in Stránského Street, Brno, on 26 October 1991. The company has 215 stores in the country and employs over 6,000 staff. Billa stores have an average sales area of 900 m2. | [] | [
"Present locations",
"Czech Republic"
] | [
"Austrian companies established in 1953",
"Austrian brands",
"Convenience stores",
"Defunct retail companies of Romania",
"Retail companies established in 1953",
"Supermarkets of Austria",
"Supermarkets of Bulgaria",
"Supermarkets of Croatia",
"Supermarkets of the Czech Republic",
"Supermarkets of... |
projected-00307855-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billa%20%28supermarket%29 | Billa (supermarket) | Slovakia | BILLA () is an Austrian supermarket chain that operates in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. The company was founded by Karl Wlaschek in 1953. He sold his controlling interest to Germany's REWE Group in 1996. | Billa opened its first store in Slovakia in 1993. | [] | [
"Present locations",
"Slovakia"
] | [
"Austrian companies established in 1953",
"Austrian brands",
"Convenience stores",
"Defunct retail companies of Romania",
"Retail companies established in 1953",
"Supermarkets of Austria",
"Supermarkets of Bulgaria",
"Supermarkets of Croatia",
"Supermarkets of the Czech Republic",
"Supermarkets of... |
projected-00307855-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billa%20%28supermarket%29 | Billa (supermarket) | Bulgaria | BILLA () is an Austrian supermarket chain that operates in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. The company was founded by Karl Wlaschek in 1953. He sold his controlling interest to Germany's REWE Group in 1996. | The company opened its first supermarket in Bulgaria in 2000 and has since then expanded to cover 44 Bulgarian cities, operating a total of 145 supermarkets as of July 2022. | [] | [
"Present locations",
"Bulgaria"
] | [
"Austrian companies established in 1953",
"Austrian brands",
"Convenience stores",
"Defunct retail companies of Romania",
"Retail companies established in 1953",
"Supermarkets of Austria",
"Supermarkets of Bulgaria",
"Supermarkets of Croatia",
"Supermarkets of the Czech Republic",
"Supermarkets of... |
projected-00307855-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billa%20%28supermarket%29 | Billa (supermarket) | Former locations | BILLA () is an Austrian supermarket chain that operates in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. The company was founded by Karl Wlaschek in 1953. He sold his controlling interest to Germany's REWE Group in 1996. | Billa operated in other countries in the past. | [] | [
"Former locations"
] | [
"Austrian companies established in 1953",
"Austrian brands",
"Convenience stores",
"Defunct retail companies of Romania",
"Retail companies established in 1953",
"Supermarkets of Austria",
"Supermarkets of Bulgaria",
"Supermarkets of Croatia",
"Supermarkets of the Czech Republic",
"Supermarkets of... |
projected-00307855-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billa%20%28supermarket%29 | Billa (supermarket) | Russia | BILLA () is an Austrian supermarket chain that operates in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. The company was founded by Karl Wlaschek in 1953. He sold his controlling interest to Germany's REWE Group in 1996. | The first Billa supermarket in Russia opened in 2004. In 2008, the network for the first time went outside of Moscow. In the same year, thirteen Yum-Yum supermarkets in Moscow were purchased.
In 2012, Billa bought the Russian supermarket chain Citistor (part of the former Ramstor chain).
Since 2008, all new Rewe Gro... | [] | [
"Former locations",
"Russia"
] | [
"Austrian companies established in 1953",
"Austrian brands",
"Convenience stores",
"Defunct retail companies of Romania",
"Retail companies established in 1953",
"Supermarkets of Austria",
"Supermarkets of Bulgaria",
"Supermarkets of Croatia",
"Supermarkets of the Czech Republic",
"Supermarkets of... |
projected-00307855-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billa%20%28supermarket%29 | Billa (supermarket) | Ukraine | BILLA () is an Austrian supermarket chain that operates in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. The company was founded by Karl Wlaschek in 1953. He sold his controlling interest to Germany's REWE Group in 1996. | The first BILLA supermarket in Ukraine was opened on February 3, 2000 in Kyiv. Over the next 14 years, the company developed actively — in 2014, the number of its stores reached 39. BILLA supermarkets were represented in 16 cities in 9 regions of the country.
Since 2015, the number of supermarkets has started to decre... | [] | [
"Former locations",
"Ukraine"
] | [
"Austrian companies established in 1953",
"Austrian brands",
"Convenience stores",
"Defunct retail companies of Romania",
"Retail companies established in 1953",
"Supermarkets of Austria",
"Supermarkets of Bulgaria",
"Supermarkets of Croatia",
"Supermarkets of the Czech Republic",
"Supermarkets of... |
projected-00307855-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billa%20%28supermarket%29 | Billa (supermarket) | See also | BILLA () is an Austrian supermarket chain that operates in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. The company was founded by Karl Wlaschek in 1953. He sold his controlling interest to Germany's REWE Group in 1996. | List of supermarkets
Selgros
XXL | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Austrian companies established in 1953",
"Austrian brands",
"Convenience stores",
"Defunct retail companies of Romania",
"Retail companies established in 1953",
"Supermarkets of Austria",
"Supermarkets of Bulgaria",
"Supermarkets of Croatia",
"Supermarkets of the Czech Republic",
"Supermarkets of... |
projected-00307860-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Horne%20Tooke | John Horne Tooke | Introduction | John Horne Tooke (25 June 1736 – 18 March 1812), known as John Horne until 1782 when he added the surname of his friend William Tooke to his own, was an English clergyman, politician, and philologist. Associated with radical proponents of parliamentary reform, he stood trial for treason in November 1794. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1736 births",
"1812 deaths",
"English philologists",
"Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies",
"People educated at Westminster School, London",
"Clergy educated at Eton College",
"Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge",
"People from Westminster",
"UK MPs 1801–18... | |
projected-00307860-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Horne%20Tooke | John Horne Tooke | Early life and work | John Horne Tooke (25 June 1736 – 18 March 1812), known as John Horne until 1782 when he added the surname of his friend William Tooke to his own, was an English clergyman, politician, and philologist. Associated with radical proponents of parliamentary reform, he stood trial for treason in November 1794. | He was the third son of John Horne, of Newport Street, Long Acre, Westminster, a member of the Worshipful Company of Poulters. As a youth at Eton College, he had claimed "that his father was an eminent Turkey merchant" implying that, rather than a dealer in poultry, he traded with the Eastern Mediterranean. Before Eto... | [] | [
"Early life and work"
] | [
"1736 births",
"1812 deaths",
"English philologists",
"Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies",
"People educated at Westminster School, London",
"Clergy educated at Eton College",
"Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge",
"People from Westminster",
"UK MPs 1801–18... |
projected-00307860-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Horne%20Tooke | John Horne Tooke | Political career | John Horne Tooke (25 June 1736 – 18 March 1812), known as John Horne until 1782 when he added the surname of his friend William Tooke to his own, was an English clergyman, politician, and philologist. Associated with radical proponents of parliamentary reform, he stood trial for treason in November 1794. | The excitement created by the actions of John Wilkes led Horne into politics, and in 1765 he brought out a scathing pamphlet on Bute and Mansfield, entitled "The Petition of an Englishman".
In the autumn of 1765 he escorted another rich young man to Italy. In Paris he met Wilkes, and from Montpellier, in January 1766,... | [
"John Glynn, John Wilkes and John Horne Tooke by Richard Houston.jpg"
] | [
"Political career"
] | [
"1736 births",
"1812 deaths",
"English philologists",
"Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies",
"People educated at Westminster School, London",
"Clergy educated at Eton College",
"Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge",
"People from Westminster",
"UK MPs 1801–18... |
projected-00307860-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Horne%20Tooke | John Horne Tooke | Study of law and personal legal problems | John Horne Tooke (25 June 1736 – 18 March 1812), known as John Horne until 1782 when he added the surname of his friend William Tooke to his own, was an English clergyman, politician, and philologist. Associated with radical proponents of parliamentary reform, he stood trial for treason in November 1794. | Horne resigned his benefice in 1773 and began the study of the law and philology. An accident, however, occurred at this moment which largely affected his future. His friend William Tooke had purchased a considerable estate, including Purley Lodge, south of the town of Croydon in Surrey. The possession of this property... | [
"Two pair of portraits - presented to all the unbiassed electors of Great Britain, by John Horne Tooke, by James Gillray - commonwealth 2z111m43x.jpg"
] | [
"Political career",
"Study of law and personal legal problems"
] | [
"1736 births",
"1812 deaths",
"English philologists",
"Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies",
"People educated at Westminster School, London",
"Clergy educated at Eton College",
"Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge",
"People from Westminster",
"UK MPs 1801–18... |
projected-00307860-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Horne%20Tooke | John Horne Tooke | Bids for office, and treason trial | John Horne Tooke (25 June 1736 – 18 March 1812), known as John Horne until 1782 when he added the surname of his friend William Tooke to his own, was an English clergyman, politician, and philologist. Associated with radical proponents of parliamentary reform, he stood trial for treason in November 1794. | At the general election of 1790, Horne Tooke came forward as a candidate for the Westminster constituency, in opposition to Fox and Lord Hood, but was defeated; and, at a second attempt in 1796, he was again at the bottom of the poll. In the meantime, the excesses of the French republicans had provoked reaction in Engl... | [] | [
"Political career",
"Bids for office, and treason trial"
] | [
"1736 births",
"1812 deaths",
"English philologists",
"Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies",
"People educated at Westminster School, London",
"Clergy educated at Eton College",
"Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge",
"People from Westminster",
"UK MPs 1801–18... |
projected-00307860-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Horne%20Tooke | John Horne Tooke | Later years and legacy | John Horne Tooke (25 June 1736 – 18 March 1812), known as John Horne until 1782 when he added the surname of his friend William Tooke to his own, was an English clergyman, politician, and philologist. Associated with radical proponents of parliamentary reform, he stood trial for treason in November 1794. | The last years of Horne Tooke's life, from 1792 until his death in 1812, were spent in retirement, at Chester House on the west side of Wimbledon Common.
The traditions of Horne Tooke's Sunday parties lasted unimpaired up to this point, and the most pleasant pages penned by his biographer describe the politicians and ... | [
"Chester House, Wimbledon 05.jpg",
"St Mary's Church, Ealing, Memorial to John Horne Tooke (D 1812) by L F Roslyn.jpg"
] | [
"Later years and legacy"
] | [
"1736 births",
"1812 deaths",
"English philologists",
"Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies",
"People educated at Westminster School, London",
"Clergy educated at Eton College",
"Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge",
"People from Westminster",
"UK MPs 1801–18... |
projected-00307860-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Horne%20Tooke | John Horne Tooke | References | John Horne Tooke (25 June 1736 – 18 March 1812), known as John Horne until 1782 when he added the surname of his friend William Tooke to his own, was an English clergyman, politician, and philologist. Associated with radical proponents of parliamentary reform, he stood trial for treason in November 1794. | Attribution
Category:1736 births
Category:1812 deaths
Category:English philologists
Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Category:People educated at Westminster School, London
Category:Clergy educated at Eton College
Category:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Categ... | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1736 births",
"1812 deaths",
"English philologists",
"Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies",
"People educated at Westminster School, London",
"Clergy educated at Eton College",
"Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge",
"People from Westminster",
"UK MPs 1801–18... |
projected-00307862-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A5r%C3%B6 | Fårö | Introduction | Fårö () or Fåre in Gutnish is a Baltic Sea island just north of the island of Gotland, itself off mainland Sweden's southeastern coast. It is the second-largest island in the province and it is a popular summer resort. It has its own language, Faroymal, a dialect of Gutnish.
Fårö is also the name of the populated area... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Gotland",
"Swedish islands in the Baltic",
"Islands of Gotland County",
"Military history of Sweden",
"Cultural heritage of Sweden",
"Cinema of Sweden",
"Ingmar Bergman"
] | |
projected-00307862-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A5r%C3%B6 | Fårö | Geography | Fårö () or Fåre in Gutnish is a Baltic Sea island just north of the island of Gotland, itself off mainland Sweden's southeastern coast. It is the second-largest island in the province and it is a popular summer resort. It has its own language, Faroymal, a dialect of Gutnish.
Fårö is also the name of the populated area... | The island is separated from Gotland by the narrow Fårö-strait, and connected by two car ferries, operated by the Swedish Transport Administration. It has a total area of , of which are water areas or islets.
On the islands of Fårö and Gotland are rock formations called rauk. They are a result of erosion during the I... | [
"Gotland-Fårö-kyrka 01.jpg"
] | [
"Geography"
] | [
"Gotland",
"Swedish islands in the Baltic",
"Islands of Gotland County",
"Military history of Sweden",
"Cultural heritage of Sweden",
"Cinema of Sweden",
"Ingmar Bergman"
] |
projected-00307862-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A5r%C3%B6 | Fårö | Etymology | Fårö () or Fåre in Gutnish is a Baltic Sea island just north of the island of Gotland, itself off mainland Sweden's southeastern coast. It is the second-largest island in the province and it is a popular summer resort. It has its own language, Faroymal, a dialect of Gutnish.
Fårö is also the name of the populated area... | The name "Fårö" (in Gutnish ) is derived from the words , meaning island, and probably , which is a word stem associated with travel like in the Swedish verb (to travel). The word Fårö probably means the island you have to travel to or the traveler's island. Mainland Swedes might misinterpret the name Fårö to be deriv... | [] | [
"Etymology"
] | [
"Gotland",
"Swedish islands in the Baltic",
"Islands of Gotland County",
"Military history of Sweden",
"Cultural heritage of Sweden",
"Cinema of Sweden",
"Ingmar Bergman"
] |
projected-00307862-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A5r%C3%B6 | Fårö | Military past | Fårö () or Fåre in Gutnish is a Baltic Sea island just north of the island of Gotland, itself off mainland Sweden's southeastern coast. It is the second-largest island in the province and it is a popular summer resort. It has its own language, Faroymal, a dialect of Gutnish.
Fårö is also the name of the populated area... | Until the 1990s, Fårö and the North of Gotland were off-limits to foreigners because of a government military installation there. There were large, multilingual signs at the side of the roads informing visitors of this and the prohibition was strictly enforced. After the Cold War ended, the installation (Swedish Coasta... | [] | [
"Military past"
] | [
"Gotland",
"Swedish islands in the Baltic",
"Islands of Gotland County",
"Military history of Sweden",
"Cultural heritage of Sweden",
"Cinema of Sweden",
"Ingmar Bergman"
] |
projected-00307862-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A5r%C3%B6 | Fårö | Cinematic heritage | Fårö () or Fåre in Gutnish is a Baltic Sea island just north of the island of Gotland, itself off mainland Sweden's southeastern coast. It is the second-largest island in the province and it is a popular summer resort. It has its own language, Faroymal, a dialect of Gutnish.
Fårö is also the name of the populated area... | Swedish filmmaker Ingmar Bergman lived and died on Fårö and several of his films were filmed there, among them Through a Glass Darkly (1961), Persona (1966), Hour of the Wolf (1968), Shame (1968), The Passion of Anna (1969), and Scenes from a Marriage (1973), as well as Liv Ullmann’s Faithless (2000), based on a Bergma... | [] | [
"Cinematic heritage"
] | [
"Gotland",
"Swedish islands in the Baltic",
"Islands of Gotland County",
"Military history of Sweden",
"Cultural heritage of Sweden",
"Cinema of Sweden",
"Ingmar Bergman"
] |
projected-00307862-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A5r%C3%B6 | Fårö | Tourism | Fårö () or Fåre in Gutnish is a Baltic Sea island just north of the island of Gotland, itself off mainland Sweden's southeastern coast. It is the second-largest island in the province and it is a popular summer resort. It has its own language, Faroymal, a dialect of Gutnish.
Fårö is also the name of the populated area... | An annual event on Fårö is "Fårönatta" (Fårö Night), held in September, during which restaurants and bars stay open all night, craft stands are set up and the church holds a midnight Mass. | [] | [
"Tourism"
] | [
"Gotland",
"Swedish islands in the Baltic",
"Islands of Gotland County",
"Military history of Sweden",
"Cultural heritage of Sweden",
"Cinema of Sweden",
"Ingmar Bergman"
] |
projected-00307862-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A5r%C3%B6 | Fårö | Digerhuvud | Fårö () or Fåre in Gutnish is a Baltic Sea island just north of the island of Gotland, itself off mainland Sweden's southeastern coast. It is the second-largest island in the province and it is a popular summer resort. It has its own language, Faroymal, a dialect of Gutnish.
Fårö is also the name of the populated area... | The Digerhuvud coast with Bjärge nature reserve is the largest stack area in Sweden, with hundreds of stacks along a part of the coast. Close by is the Helgumannen fishing village. The coast is not suited for swimming due to its depth (up to close to the shore), and its strong currents.
An asteroid in the Asteroid b... | [] | [
"Places of interest",
"Digerhuvud"
] | [
"Gotland",
"Swedish islands in the Baltic",
"Islands of Gotland County",
"Military history of Sweden",
"Cultural heritage of Sweden",
"Cinema of Sweden",
"Ingmar Bergman"
] |
projected-00307862-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A5r%C3%B6 | Fårö | Fårö Lighthouse | Fårö () or Fåre in Gutnish is a Baltic Sea island just north of the island of Gotland, itself off mainland Sweden's southeastern coast. It is the second-largest island in the province and it is a popular summer resort. It has its own language, Faroymal, a dialect of Gutnish.
Fårö is also the name of the populated area... | The Fårö Lighthouse lies on the island's northeastern point. It is high and was built between 1846 and 1847. | [] | [
"Places of interest",
"Fårö Lighthouse"
] | [
"Gotland",
"Swedish islands in the Baltic",
"Islands of Gotland County",
"Military history of Sweden",
"Cultural heritage of Sweden",
"Cinema of Sweden",
"Ingmar Bergman"
] |
projected-00307862-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A5r%C3%B6 | Fårö | Langhammars | Fårö () or Fåre in Gutnish is a Baltic Sea island just north of the island of Gotland, itself off mainland Sweden's southeastern coast. It is the second-largest island in the province and it is a popular summer resort. It has its own language, Faroymal, a dialect of Gutnish.
Fårö is also the name of the populated area... | The Langhammars peninsula and the Langhammars nature reserve on north-western Fårö are rocky beaches with Ice age stone monoliths known as rauks. Langhammars was the setting for Ingmar Bergman's film Shame. | [] | [
"Places of interest",
"Langhammars"
] | [
"Gotland",
"Swedish islands in the Baltic",
"Islands of Gotland County",
"Military history of Sweden",
"Cultural heritage of Sweden",
"Cinema of Sweden",
"Ingmar Bergman"
] |
projected-00307862-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A5r%C3%B6 | Fårö | Sudersand | Fårö () or Fåre in Gutnish is a Baltic Sea island just north of the island of Gotland, itself off mainland Sweden's southeastern coast. It is the second-largest island in the province and it is a popular summer resort. It has its own language, Faroymal, a dialect of Gutnish.
Fårö is also the name of the populated area... | The long, sandy Sudersand beach on north-eastern Fårö lies next to Sudersands Semesterby which rents cabins to tourists. | [] | [
"Places of interest",
"Sudersand"
] | [
"Gotland",
"Swedish islands in the Baltic",
"Islands of Gotland County",
"Military history of Sweden",
"Cultural heritage of Sweden",
"Cinema of Sweden",
"Ingmar Bergman"
] |
projected-00307864-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20J.%20K.%20Smith | M. J. K. Smith | Introduction | Michael John Knight Smith , better known as M. J. K. Smith or Mike Smith, (born 30 June 1933) is an English former cricketer who was captain of Oxford University Cricket Club (1956), Warwickshire County Cricket Club (1957–1967) and the England cricket team (1963–1966). He was one of England's most popular cricket capta... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1933 births",
"Living people",
"Aldershot Services rugby union players",
"Alumni of St Edmund Hall, Oxford",
"Cricket match referees",
"English cricketers",
"England Test cricketers",
"English cricketers of 1946 to 1968",
"England Test cricket captains",
"English rugby union players",
"England ... | |
projected-00307864-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20J.%20K.%20Smith | M. J. K. Smith | University | Michael John Knight Smith , better known as M. J. K. Smith or Mike Smith, (born 30 June 1933) is an English former cricketer who was captain of Oxford University Cricket Club (1956), Warwickshire County Cricket Club (1957–1967) and the England cricket team (1963–1966). He was one of England's most popular cricket capta... | Born at Westcotes, Leicester, Smith was educated at Stamford School and St Edmund Hall, Oxford, where he read geography. He was President of Vincent's Club in 1956. While at university in 1951–55 he played in the summer for Leicestershire County Cricket Club, the county of his birth. Smith came to prominence playing fo... | [] | [
"University"
] | [
"1933 births",
"Living people",
"Aldershot Services rugby union players",
"Alumni of St Edmund Hall, Oxford",
"Cricket match referees",
"English cricketers",
"England Test cricketers",
"English cricketers of 1946 to 1968",
"England Test cricket captains",
"English rugby union players",
"England ... |
projected-00307864-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20J.%20K.%20Smith | M. J. K. Smith | Warwickshire captain | Michael John Knight Smith , better known as M. J. K. Smith or Mike Smith, (born 30 June 1933) is an English former cricketer who was captain of Oxford University Cricket Club (1956), Warwickshire County Cricket Club (1957–1967) and the England cricket team (1963–1966). He was one of England's most popular cricket capta... | Smith was encouraged to move to Warwickshire County Cricket Club in 1957 to take over the captaincy. In the 1950s an amateur had to captain the county and Warwickshire had no capable amateurs. Despite wearing steel-rimmed spectacles Smith was a heavy run-maker in County cricket and passed 2,000 runs a season each year ... | [] | [
"Warwickshire captain"
] | [
"1933 births",
"Living people",
"Aldershot Services rugby union players",
"Alumni of St Edmund Hall, Oxford",
"Cricket match referees",
"English cricketers",
"England Test cricketers",
"English cricketers of 1946 to 1968",
"England Test cricket captains",
"English rugby union players",
"England ... |
projected-00307864-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20J.%20K.%20Smith | M. J. K. Smith | Early England career | Michael John Knight Smith , better known as M. J. K. Smith or Mike Smith, (born 30 June 1933) is an English former cricketer who was captain of Oxford University Cricket Club (1956), Warwickshire County Cricket Club (1957–1967) and the England cricket team (1963–1966). He was one of England's most popular cricket capta... | Mike Smith was called up as a makeshift opener against New Zealand in 1958, making 0 and 7 on debut on his home ground at Edgbaston in the First Test. In the Second Test at Lord's he took 230 minutes to make 47 in a match where England (269) beat New Zealand (47 and 74) by an innings on a poor wicket. In the Third Test... | [] | [
"Early England career"
] | [
"1933 births",
"Living people",
"Aldershot Services rugby union players",
"Alumni of St Edmund Hall, Oxford",
"Cricket match referees",
"English cricketers",
"England Test cricketers",
"English cricketers of 1946 to 1968",
"England Test cricket captains",
"English rugby union players",
"England ... |
projected-00307864-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20J.%20K.%20Smith | M. J. K. Smith | England captain | Michael John Knight Smith , better known as M. J. K. Smith or Mike Smith, (born 30 June 1933) is an English former cricketer who was captain of Oxford University Cricket Club (1956), Warwickshire County Cricket Club (1957–1967) and the England cricket team (1963–1966). He was one of England's most popular cricket capta... | Smith captained England in 25 of his 50 Test match appearances, but in a period rich in batting talent he was rarely guaranteed a place. His uncertainty against fast bowling was exposed by a series of low scores in the mid 1960s, and Smith faced considerable press criticism, unusual for the time. Still, he was a good t... | [] | [
"England captain"
] | [
"1933 births",
"Living people",
"Aldershot Services rugby union players",
"Alumni of St Edmund Hall, Oxford",
"Cricket match referees",
"English cricketers",
"England Test cricketers",
"English cricketers of 1946 to 1968",
"England Test cricket captains",
"English rugby union players",
"England ... |
projected-00307864-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20J.%20K.%20Smith | M. J. K. Smith | Captaincy style and popularity | Michael John Knight Smith , better known as M. J. K. Smith or Mike Smith, (born 30 June 1933) is an English former cricketer who was captain of Oxford University Cricket Club (1956), Warwickshire County Cricket Club (1957–1967) and the England cricket team (1963–1966). He was one of England's most popular cricket capta... | ...he strolled in with an open-necked shirt, a white linen jacket which appeared to have been slept in for a week and a carry-cot containing a slumbering junior member of the Smith dynasty. Apparently Mrs Smith had gone shopping and M.J.K. was left holding the baby. Despite an Oxford education his accent was utterly cl... | [] | [
"Captaincy style and popularity"
] | [
"1933 births",
"Living people",
"Aldershot Services rugby union players",
"Alumni of St Edmund Hall, Oxford",
"Cricket match referees",
"English cricketers",
"England Test cricketers",
"English cricketers of 1946 to 1968",
"England Test cricket captains",
"English rugby union players",
"England ... |
projected-00307864-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20J.%20K.%20Smith | M. J. K. Smith | Later career | Michael John Knight Smith , better known as M. J. K. Smith or Mike Smith, (born 30 June 1933) is an English former cricketer who was captain of Oxford University Cricket Club (1956), Warwickshire County Cricket Club (1957–1967) and the England cricket team (1963–1966). He was one of England's most popular cricket capta... | Smith returned to Warwickshire in 1970 and did well enough to be recalled for England for the first three Tests against Australia in 1972 before finally retiring in 1975. In recent years he has been chairman of Warwickshire County Cricket Club (1991–2003) and an ICC match referee (1991–1996). | [] | [
"Later career"
] | [
"1933 births",
"Living people",
"Aldershot Services rugby union players",
"Alumni of St Edmund Hall, Oxford",
"Cricket match referees",
"English cricketers",
"England Test cricketers",
"English cricketers of 1946 to 1968",
"England Test cricket captains",
"English rugby union players",
"England ... |
projected-00307864-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20J.%20K.%20Smith | M. J. K. Smith | Family | Michael John Knight Smith , better known as M. J. K. Smith or Mike Smith, (born 30 June 1933) is an English former cricketer who was captain of Oxford University Cricket Club (1956), Warwickshire County Cricket Club (1957–1967) and the England cricket team (1963–1966). He was one of England's most popular cricket capta... | His son Neil followed in his footsteps by captaining Warwickshire and playing, albeit only in One Day Internationals, for England. His daughter Carole is the wife of Sebastian Coe. | [] | [
"Family"
] | [
"1933 births",
"Living people",
"Aldershot Services rugby union players",
"Alumni of St Edmund Hall, Oxford",
"Cricket match referees",
"English cricketers",
"England Test cricketers",
"English cricketers of 1946 to 1968",
"England Test cricket captains",
"English rugby union players",
"England ... |
projected-00307864-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20J.%20K.%20Smith | M. J. K. Smith | Bibliography | Michael John Knight Smith , better known as M. J. K. Smith or Mike Smith, (born 30 June 1933) is an English former cricketer who was captain of Oxford University Cricket Club (1956), Warwickshire County Cricket Club (1957–1967) and the England cricket team (1963–1966). He was one of England's most popular cricket capta... | Ken Kelly and David Lemmon, Cricket Reflections: Five Decades of Cricket Photographs, Heinemann, 1985
John Snow, Cricket Rebel: An Autobiography, Littlehampton Book Services Ltd, 1976
E.W. Swanton, Swanton in Australia with MCC 1946–1975, Fontana, 1977
Fred Titmus, My Life in Cricket, Blake Publishing, 2005
Brown, ... | [] | [
"Bibliography"
] | [
"1933 births",
"Living people",
"Aldershot Services rugby union players",
"Alumni of St Edmund Hall, Oxford",
"Cricket match referees",
"English cricketers",
"England Test cricketers",
"English cricketers of 1946 to 1968",
"England Test cricket captains",
"English rugby union players",
"England ... |
projected-00307868-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Grenville-Temple%2C%202nd%20Earl%20Temple | Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple | Introduction | Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, (26 September 171112 September 1779) was a British politician. He is best known for his association with his brother-in-law William Pitt who he served with in government during Britain's participation in the Seven Years War between 1756 and 1761. He resigned along with Pitt i... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1711 births",
"1779 deaths",
"Buckinghamshire cricketers",
"Earls Temple",
"English cricketers of 1701 to 1786",
"English cricketers",
"Grenville family",
"Knights of the Garter",
"Lord-Lieutenants of Buckinghamshire",
"Lords Privy Seal",
"Lords of the Admiralty",
"Members of the Parliament o... | |
projected-00307868-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Grenville-Temple%2C%202nd%20Earl%20Temple | Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple | Early life | Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, (26 September 171112 September 1779) was a British politician. He is best known for his association with his brother-in-law William Pitt who he served with in government during Britain's participation in the Seven Years War between 1756 and 1761. He resigned along with Pitt i... | The eldest son of Richard Grenville (1678–1727) of Wotton Underwood, Buckinghamshire, and of Hester, later Countess Temple, he was educated at Eton College, and in 1734 was returned to Parliament as member for the borough of Buckingham. In 1752, on the death of his mother, he inherited her titles together with the rich... | [] | [
"Early life"
] | [
"1711 births",
"1779 deaths",
"Buckinghamshire cricketers",
"Earls Temple",
"English cricketers of 1701 to 1786",
"English cricketers",
"Grenville family",
"Knights of the Garter",
"Lord-Lieutenants of Buckinghamshire",
"Lords Privy Seal",
"Lords of the Admiralty",
"Members of the Parliament o... |
projected-00307868-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Grenville-Temple%2C%202nd%20Earl%20Temple | Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple | Seven Years War | Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, (26 September 171112 September 1779) was a British politician. He is best known for his association with his brother-in-law William Pitt who he served with in government during Britain's participation in the Seven Years War between 1756 and 1761. He resigned along with Pitt i... | The turning point in his political fortunes was the marriage of his sister Hester in 1754 to William Pitt, later Earl of Chatham. Although Lord Temple had no outstanding qualities, his political career became linked with that of his brother-in-law. In November 1756 Temple became First Lord of the Admiralty in the minis... | [
"Richard Grenville NGV.jpg"
] | [
"Seven Years War"
] | [
"1711 births",
"1779 deaths",
"Buckinghamshire cricketers",
"Earls Temple",
"English cricketers of 1701 to 1786",
"English cricketers",
"Grenville family",
"Knights of the Garter",
"Lord-Lieutenants of Buckinghamshire",
"Lords Privy Seal",
"Lords of the Admiralty",
"Members of the Parliament o... |
projected-00307868-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Grenville-Temple%2C%202nd%20Earl%20Temple | Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple | Later career | Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, (26 September 171112 September 1779) was a British politician. He is best known for his association with his brother-in-law William Pitt who he served with in government during Britain's participation in the Seven Years War between 1756 and 1761. He resigned along with Pitt i... | From this time Temple became one of the most factious of politicians; he himself is said to have avowed that "he loved faction, and had a great deal of money to spare." He was on bad terms with his younger brother, George Grenville, when the latter became first lord of the treasury in April 1763, and he had no place in... | [] | [
"Later career"
] | [
"1711 births",
"1779 deaths",
"Buckinghamshire cricketers",
"Earls Temple",
"English cricketers of 1701 to 1786",
"English cricketers",
"Grenville family",
"Knights of the Garter",
"Lord-Lieutenants of Buckinghamshire",
"Lords Privy Seal",
"Lords of the Admiralty",
"Members of the Parliament o... |
projected-00307868-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Grenville-Temple%2C%202nd%20Earl%20Temple | Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple | Cricket | Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, (26 September 171112 September 1779) was a British politician. He is best known for his association with his brother-in-law William Pitt who he served with in government during Britain's participation in the Seven Years War between 1756 and 1761. He resigned along with Pitt i... | Like his friend George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, Grenville was keen on cricket. The earliest surviving record of his involvement in the sport comes from August 1741 when, as the patron and captain of the Buckinghamshire county team, he and Halifax organised the Northamptonshire v Buckinghamshire match at Cow M... | [] | [
"Cricket"
] | [
"1711 births",
"1779 deaths",
"Buckinghamshire cricketers",
"Earls Temple",
"English cricketers of 1701 to 1786",
"English cricketers",
"Grenville family",
"Knights of the Garter",
"Lord-Lieutenants of Buckinghamshire",
"Lords Privy Seal",
"Lords of the Admiralty",
"Members of the Parliament o... |
projected-00307868-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Grenville-Temple%2C%202nd%20Earl%20Temple | Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple | Death | Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, (26 September 171112 September 1779) was a British politician. He is best known for his association with his brother-in-law William Pitt who he served with in government during Britain's participation in the Seven Years War between 1756 and 1761. He resigned along with Pitt i... | Earl Temple died early in September 1779, aged 67, after a fall from his phaeton. The only issue of his marriage being a daughter who died in infancy, Temple was succeeded in the earldom by his nephew George Nugent-Temple-Grenville. | [] | [
"Death"
] | [
"1711 births",
"1779 deaths",
"Buckinghamshire cricketers",
"Earls Temple",
"English cricketers of 1701 to 1786",
"English cricketers",
"Grenville family",
"Knights of the Garter",
"Lord-Lieutenants of Buckinghamshire",
"Lords Privy Seal",
"Lords of the Admiralty",
"Members of the Parliament o... |
projected-00307868-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Grenville-Temple%2C%202nd%20Earl%20Temple | Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple | See also | Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, (26 September 171112 September 1779) was a British politician. He is best known for his association with his brother-in-law William Pitt who he served with in government during Britain's participation in the Seven Years War between 1756 and 1761. He resigned along with Pitt i... | Grenvillite | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1711 births",
"1779 deaths",
"Buckinghamshire cricketers",
"Earls Temple",
"English cricketers of 1701 to 1786",
"English cricketers",
"Grenville family",
"Knights of the Garter",
"Lord-Lieutenants of Buckinghamshire",
"Lords Privy Seal",
"Lords of the Admiralty",
"Members of the Parliament o... |
projected-00307868-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Grenville-Temple%2C%202nd%20Earl%20Temple | Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple | Bibliography | Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, (26 September 171112 September 1779) was a British politician. He is best known for his association with his brother-in-law William Pitt who he served with in government during Britain's participation in the Seven Years War between 1756 and 1761. He resigned along with Pitt i... | Attribution
Endnotes:
The Grenville Papers (London, 1852), a considerable portion of which consists of Earl Temple's correspondence;
Horace Walpole, Memoirs of the Reign of George II., 3 vols. (London, 1847); Memoirs of the Reign of George III., 4 vols. (London, 1845 and 1894);
Earl Waldegrave, Memoirs 1754-8 (London,... | [] | [
"Bibliography"
] | [
"1711 births",
"1779 deaths",
"Buckinghamshire cricketers",
"Earls Temple",
"English cricketers of 1701 to 1786",
"English cricketers",
"Grenville family",
"Knights of the Garter",
"Lord-Lieutenants of Buckinghamshire",
"Lords Privy Seal",
"Lords of the Admiralty",
"Members of the Parliament o... |
projected-00307868-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Grenville-Temple%2C%202nd%20Earl%20Temple | Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple | Further reading | Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, (26 September 171112 September 1779) was a British politician. He is best known for his association with his brother-in-law William Pitt who he served with in government during Britain's participation in the Seven Years War between 1756 and 1761. He resigned along with Pitt i... | Category:1711 births
Category:1779 deaths
Category:Buckinghamshire cricketers
Category:Earls Temple
Category:English cricketers of 1701 to 1786
Category:English cricketers
Richard Grenville-Temple
Category:Knights of the Garter
Category:Lord-Lieutenants of Buckinghamshire
Category:Lords Privy Seal
Category:Lords of the... | [] | [
"Further reading"
] | [
"1711 births",
"1779 deaths",
"Buckinghamshire cricketers",
"Earls Temple",
"English cricketers of 1701 to 1786",
"English cricketers",
"Grenville family",
"Knights of the Garter",
"Lord-Lieutenants of Buckinghamshire",
"Lords Privy Seal",
"Lords of the Admiralty",
"Members of the Parliament o... |
projected-00307869-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic%20crossing | Transatlantic crossing | Introduction | Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and ... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"International transport",
"Transport in the Atlantic Ocean",
"Transatlantic relations"
] | |
projected-00307869-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic%20crossing | Transatlantic crossing | By sea | Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and ... | Prior to the 19th century, transatlantic crossings were undertaken in sailing ships, and the journeys were time-consuming and often perilous. The first trade route across the Atlantic was inaugurated by Spain a few decades after the European Discovery of the Americas, with the establishment of the West Indies fleets in... | [] | [
"By sea"
] | [
"International transport",
"Transport in the Atlantic Ocean",
"Transatlantic relations"
] |
projected-00307869-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic%20crossing | Transatlantic crossing | Passenger liners | Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and ... | Transatlantic passenger crossings became faster, safer, and more reliable with the advent of steamships in the 19th century. The wooden-hulled, paddle-wheel SS Great Western built in 1838 is recognized as the first purpose-built transatlantic steamship, on a scheduled run back and forth from Bristol to New York City. ... | [
"Stamp Bremen (1929).jpg"
] | [
"By sea",
"Passenger liners"
] | [
"International transport",
"Transport in the Atlantic Ocean",
"Transatlantic relations"
] |
projected-00307869-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic%20crossing | Transatlantic crossing | Smallest powerboat to cross the Atlantic | Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and ... | Two brothers, Ralph and Robert Brown, managed to cross the Atlantic Ocean in a flats boat – a special boat designed to operate in extremely shallow water. This flats boat was designed and built by Ralph Brown. The voyage was called the "I Am Second Wounded Hero Voyage" in honor of the men who were killed in Operation ... | [] | [
"By sea",
"Smallest powerboat to cross the Atlantic"
] | [
"International transport",
"Transport in the Atlantic Ocean",
"Transatlantic relations"
] |
projected-00307869-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic%20crossing | Transatlantic crossing | Zodiac | Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and ... | In 1952, Alain Bombard crossed the Atlantic from East to West, journeying 113 days in a Zodiac, . | [] | [
"By sea",
"Smallest powerboat to cross the Atlantic",
"Zodiac"
] | [
"International transport",
"Transport in the Atlantic Ocean",
"Transatlantic relations"
] |
projected-00307869-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic%20crossing | Transatlantic crossing | Rafts | Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and ... | In 1956, Henri Beaudout crossed the Atlantic from West to East, from Halifax to Falmouth, on a raft of wood and rope, , in 88 days.
In 1970, Thor Heyerdahl crossed the Atlantic in Ra II, a papyrus raft built to an Ancient Egyptian design. This voyage followed an unsuccessful attempt the previous year in his first raft... | [] | [
"By sea",
"Smallest powerboat to cross the Atlantic",
"Rafts"
] | [
"International transport",
"Transport in the Atlantic Ocean",
"Transatlantic relations"
] |
projected-00307869-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic%20crossing | Transatlantic crossing | Rowing and paddling | Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and ... | On 13 June 2003, French rower Maud Fontenoy started an eastward crossing of the Atlantic from Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. She reached A Coruña in Spain on 10 October, becoming the first woman to accomplish this feat.
In 2005, the Vivaldi Atlantic 4 broke the previous rowing record of 55 days and setting a new record of ... | [] | [
"By sea",
"Smallest powerboat to cross the Atlantic",
"Rowing and paddling"
] | [
"International transport",
"Transport in the Atlantic Ocean",
"Transatlantic relations"
] |
projected-00307869-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic%20crossing | Transatlantic crossing | Transatlantic rowing races | Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and ... | In 1997, the first East–West Atlantic Rowing Race took place, running from the Canary Islands to the Caribbean. It now runs roughly once every two years.
In 2006, the first West–East North Atlantic Rowing Race took place, running from New York City to Falmouth, Cornwall in the UK. | [] | [
"By sea",
"Smallest powerboat to cross the Atlantic",
"Rowing and paddling",
"Transatlantic rowing races"
] | [
"International transport",
"Transport in the Atlantic Ocean",
"Transatlantic relations"
] |
projected-00307869-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic%20crossing | Transatlantic crossing | Sail | Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and ... | In 1775, the 62-ton schooner Quero, sailed by John Derby from Salem, Massachusetts to the Isle of Wight in 28 days (April 28 to May 25).
In 1866, the lifeboat Red, White and Blue sailed from New York City to Margate, England, in 38 days. In 1870 and 1871, The 20-ft yawl City of Ragusa sailed from Queenstown, Ireland,... | [
"Banque populaire5-003.jpg"
] | [
"By sea",
"Smallest powerboat to cross the Atlantic",
"Rowing and paddling",
"Sail"
] | [
"International transport",
"Transport in the Atlantic Ocean",
"Transatlantic relations"
] |
projected-00307869-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic%20crossing | Transatlantic crossing | Transatlantic flights | Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and ... | Transatlantic flight surpassed ocean liners as the predominant mode of crossing the Atlantic in the mid 20th century. In 1919, the American NC-4 became the first airplane to cross the Atlantic (but in multiple stages). Later that year, a British Vickers Vimy piloted by Alcock and Brown made the first non-stop transatl... | [] | [
"Transatlantic flights"
] | [
"International transport",
"Transport in the Atlantic Ocean",
"Transatlantic relations"
] |
projected-00307869-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic%20crossing | Transatlantic crossing | Transatlantic cables | Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and ... | Transatlantic cables are cables that have been laid along the ocean floor to connect North America and Europe. Before the advent of radio, the only means of communication across the Atlantic Ocean was to physically connect the continents with a transatlantic telegraph cable, the first of which was installed from Valent... | [] | [
"Transatlantic cables"
] | [
"International transport",
"Transport in the Atlantic Ocean",
"Transatlantic relations"
] |
projected-00307869-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic%20crossing | Transatlantic crossing | Transatlantic tunnel | Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and ... | A transatlantic tunnel is a theoretical structure proposed several times since the late 19th century. It would be a tunnel spanning the Atlantic Ocean between New York City and the United Kingdom or France. | [] | [
"Transatlantic tunnel"
] | [
"International transport",
"Transport in the Atlantic Ocean",
"Transatlantic relations"
] |
projected-00307869-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic%20crossing | Transatlantic crossing | Duration of transatlantic crossings | Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and ... | The introduction of various technologies facilitated progressively faster transatlantic crossings. The duration to travel westbound from Europe to North America when a new transport innovation was introduced for commercial use is listed below:
1620: 66 days: fluyt Mayflower (Southampton to Cape Cod)
1838: 18 days 4 ... | [] | [
"Duration of transatlantic crossings"
] | [
"International transport",
"Transport in the Atlantic Ocean",
"Transatlantic relations"
] |
projected-00307869-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic%20crossing | Transatlantic crossing | See also | Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and ... | Transatlantic relations
Transatlantic flight
Transpacific crossing
Transpacific flight | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"International transport",
"Transport in the Atlantic Ocean",
"Transatlantic relations"
] |
projected-00307869-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic%20crossing | Transatlantic crossing | Further reading | Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and ... | Fowler Jr., William M. Steam Titans: Cunard, Collins, and the Epic Battle for Commerce on the North Atlantic (London: Bloomsbury), 2017. 358 pp | [] | [
"Further reading"
] | [
"International transport",
"Transport in the Atlantic Ocean",
"Transatlantic relations"
] |
projected-00307871-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Ellis | Mary Ellis | Introduction | Mary Ellis (born May Belle Elsas, June 15, 1897 – January 30, 2003) was an American actress and singer appearing on stage, radio, television and film, best known for her musical theatre roles, particularly in Ivor Novello works. After appearing with the Metropolitan Opera beginning in 1918, she acted on Broadway, creat... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1897 births",
"2003 deaths",
"American centenarians",
"American operatic sopranos",
"American expatriate actresses in the United Kingdom",
"American stage actresses",
"20th-century American actresses",
"American people of German descent",
"20th-century American singers",
"20th-century American wo... | |
projected-00307871-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Ellis | Mary Ellis | Biography | Mary Ellis (born May Belle Elsas, June 15, 1897 – January 30, 2003) was an American actress and singer appearing on stage, radio, television and film, best known for her musical theatre roles, particularly in Ivor Novello works. After appearing with the Metropolitan Opera beginning in 1918, she acted on Broadway, creat... | Ellis was born in Manhattan, New York City, to German parents, Herman Elsas and Caroline Elsas (née Reinhardt), who was a pianist. She first became interested in performing around 1910, and under a vocational course trained her lyric soprano under the tutelage of Belgian contralto Freida de Goebele and Italian operatic... | [] | [
"Biography"
] | [
"1897 births",
"2003 deaths",
"American centenarians",
"American operatic sopranos",
"American expatriate actresses in the United Kingdom",
"American stage actresses",
"20th-century American actresses",
"American people of German descent",
"20th-century American singers",
"20th-century American wo... |
projected-00307871-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Ellis | Mary Ellis | Memoir and autobiography | Mary Ellis (born May Belle Elsas, June 15, 1897 – January 30, 2003) was an American actress and singer appearing on stage, radio, television and film, best known for her musical theatre roles, particularly in Ivor Novello works. After appearing with the Metropolitan Opera beginning in 1918, she acted on Broadway, creat... | Ellis published her memoirs in 1982 under the title Those Dancing Years. A further autobiography Moments of Truth followed in 1986. She was the last surviving performer to have created a role in a Puccini opera and the last to have sung opposite Caruso. | [] | [
"Memoir and autobiography"
] | [
"1897 births",
"2003 deaths",
"American centenarians",
"American operatic sopranos",
"American expatriate actresses in the United Kingdom",
"American stage actresses",
"20th-century American actresses",
"American people of German descent",
"20th-century American singers",
"20th-century American wo... |
projected-00307871-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Ellis | Mary Ellis | Filmography | Mary Ellis (born May Belle Elsas, June 15, 1897 – January 30, 2003) was an American actress and singer appearing on stage, radio, television and film, best known for her musical theatre roles, particularly in Ivor Novello works. After appearing with the Metropolitan Opera beginning in 1918, she acted on Broadway, creat... | Bella Donna (1934)
All the King's Horses (1935)
Paris in Spring (1935)
Fatal Lady (1936)
Glamorous Night (1937)
The Astonished Heart (1949)
The Magic Box (1951)
The 3 Worlds of Gulliver (1960) | [] | [
"Filmography"
] | [
"1897 births",
"2003 deaths",
"American centenarians",
"American operatic sopranos",
"American expatriate actresses in the United Kingdom",
"American stage actresses",
"20th-century American actresses",
"American people of German descent",
"20th-century American singers",
"20th-century American wo... |
projected-00307871-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Ellis | Mary Ellis | See also | Mary Ellis (born May Belle Elsas, June 15, 1897 – January 30, 2003) was an American actress and singer appearing on stage, radio, television and film, best known for her musical theatre roles, particularly in Ivor Novello works. After appearing with the Metropolitan Opera beginning in 1918, she acted on Broadway, creat... | List of centenarians (actors, filmmakers and entertainers) | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1897 births",
"2003 deaths",
"American centenarians",
"American operatic sopranos",
"American expatriate actresses in the United Kingdom",
"American stage actresses",
"20th-century American actresses",
"American people of German descent",
"20th-century American singers",
"20th-century American wo... |
projected-00307871-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Ellis | Mary Ellis | References | Mary Ellis (born May Belle Elsas, June 15, 1897 – January 30, 2003) was an American actress and singer appearing on stage, radio, television and film, best known for her musical theatre roles, particularly in Ivor Novello works. After appearing with the Metropolitan Opera beginning in 1918, she acted on Broadway, creat... | Day, Barry (ed.) (2007) The Letters of Noël Coward, Methuen, London,
Payn, Graham and Sheridan Morley (ed.) (1982) The Noël Coward Diaries, Papermac, London | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1897 births",
"2003 deaths",
"American centenarians",
"American operatic sopranos",
"American expatriate actresses in the United Kingdom",
"American stage actresses",
"20th-century American actresses",
"American people of German descent",
"20th-century American singers",
"20th-century American wo... |
projected-00307874-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred%20Band%20of%20Thebes | Sacred Band of Thebes | Introduction | The Sacred Band of Thebes (Ancient Greek: , Hierós Lókhos) was a troop of select soldiers, consisting of 150 pairs of male lovers which formed the elite force of the Theban army in the 4th century BC, ending Spartan domination. Its predominance began with its crucial role in the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC. It was anni... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Ancient Greek infantry types",
"Sexuality in ancient Greece",
"LGBT history in Greece",
"Ancient LGBT history",
"Ancient LGBT people",
"Gay history",
"Theban hegemony",
"4th-century BC establishments in Greece",
"LGBT military or paramilitary units"
] | |
projected-00307874-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred%20Band%20of%20Thebes | Sacred Band of Thebes | Formation | The Sacred Band of Thebes (Ancient Greek: , Hierós Lókhos) was a troop of select soldiers, consisting of 150 pairs of male lovers which formed the elite force of the Theban army in the 4th century BC, ending Spartan domination. Its predominance began with its crucial role in the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC. It was anni... | The earliest surviving record of the Sacred Band by name was in 324 BC, in the oration Against Demosthenes by the Athenian logographer Dinarchus. He mentions the Sacred Band as being led by the general Pelopidas and, alongside Epaminondas who commanded the army of Thebes (Boeotia), were responsible for the defeat of th... | [
"Thebes-1.jpg"
] | [
"Formation"
] | [
"Ancient Greek infantry types",
"Sexuality in ancient Greece",
"LGBT history in Greece",
"Ancient LGBT history",
"Ancient LGBT people",
"Gay history",
"Theban hegemony",
"4th-century BC establishments in Greece",
"LGBT military or paramilitary units"
] |
projected-00307874-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred%20Band%20of%20Thebes | Sacred Band of Thebes | Composition | The Sacred Band of Thebes (Ancient Greek: , Hierós Lókhos) was a troop of select soldiers, consisting of 150 pairs of male lovers which formed the elite force of the Theban army in the 4th century BC, ending Spartan domination. Its predominance began with its crucial role in the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC. It was anni... | According to Plutarch, the 300 hand-picked men were chosen by Gorgidas purely for ability and merit, regardless of social class. It was composed of 150 male couples, each pair consisting of an older erastês (, "lover") and a younger erômenos (, "beloved"). Athenaeus of Naucratis also records the Sacred Band as being co... | [] | [
"Composition"
] | [
"Ancient Greek infantry types",
"Sexuality in ancient Greece",
"LGBT history in Greece",
"Ancient LGBT history",
"Ancient LGBT people",
"Gay history",
"Theban hegemony",
"4th-century BC establishments in Greece",
"LGBT military or paramilitary units"
] |
projected-00307874-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred%20Band%20of%20Thebes | Sacred Band of Thebes | Military history | The Sacred Band of Thebes (Ancient Greek: , Hierós Lókhos) was a troop of select soldiers, consisting of 150 pairs of male lovers which formed the elite force of the Theban army in the 4th century BC, ending Spartan domination. Its predominance began with its crucial role in the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC. It was anni... | According to Plutarch, Gorgidas originally distributed the members of the Sacred Band among the front ranks of the phalanxes of regular infantry. In 375 BC, the command of the band was transferred to the younger boeotarch Pelopidas, one of the original Theban exiles who had led the forces who recaptured Cadmea. Under P... | [
"Ancient Greek southern regions.png"
] | [
"Military history"
] | [
"Ancient Greek infantry types",
"Sexuality in ancient Greece",
"LGBT history in Greece",
"Ancient LGBT history",
"Ancient LGBT people",
"Gay history",
"Theban hegemony",
"4th-century BC establishments in Greece",
"LGBT military or paramilitary units"
] |
projected-00307874-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred%20Band%20of%20Thebes | Sacred Band of Thebes | Invasions of Agesilaus II | The Sacred Band of Thebes (Ancient Greek: , Hierós Lókhos) was a troop of select soldiers, consisting of 150 pairs of male lovers which formed the elite force of the Theban army in the 4th century BC, ending Spartan domination. Its predominance began with its crucial role in the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC. It was anni... | The Sacred Band first saw action in 378 BC, at the beginning of the Boeotian War. It was during the famous stand-off between the Athenian mercenary commander (and later strategos) Chabrias (d. 357 BC) and the Spartan King Agesilaus II (444 BC–360 BC). Prior to the creation of the Sacred Band under Gorgidas, the Athenia... | [] | [
"Military history",
"Invasions of Agesilaus II"
] | [
"Ancient Greek infantry types",
"Sexuality in ancient Greece",
"LGBT history in Greece",
"Ancient LGBT history",
"Ancient LGBT people",
"Gay history",
"Theban hegemony",
"4th-century BC establishments in Greece",
"LGBT military or paramilitary units"
] |
projected-00307874-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred%20Band%20of%20Thebes | Sacred Band of Thebes | Battle of Tegyra | The Sacred Band of Thebes (Ancient Greek: , Hierós Lókhos) was a troop of select soldiers, consisting of 150 pairs of male lovers which formed the elite force of the Theban army in the 4th century BC, ending Spartan domination. Its predominance began with its crucial role in the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC. It was anni... | As a single unit under Pelopidas, the first recorded victory of the Sacred Band was at the Battle of Tegyra (375 BC). It occurred near the Boeotian city of Orchomenus, then still an ally of Sparta. Hearing reports that the Spartan garrison in Orchomenus had left for Locris, Pelopidas quickly set out with the Sacred Ban... | [
"Boeotia ancient-en.svg"
] | [
"Military history",
"Battle of Tegyra"
] | [
"Ancient Greek infantry types",
"Sexuality in ancient Greece",
"LGBT history in Greece",
"Ancient LGBT history",
"Ancient LGBT people",
"Gay history",
"Theban hegemony",
"4th-century BC establishments in Greece",
"LGBT military or paramilitary units"
] |