Search is not available for this dataset
text_id stringlengths 22 22 | page_url stringlengths 31 389 | page_title stringlengths 1 250 | section_title stringlengths 0 4.67k | context_page_description stringlengths 0 108k | context_section_description stringlengths 1 187k | media list | hierachy list | category list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
projected-00307809-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive%20protein | C-reactive protein | Diagnostic use | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind ... | CRP is used mainly as an inflammation marker. Apart from liver failure, there are few known factors that interfere with CRP production. Interferon alpha inhibits CRP production from liver cells which may explain the relatively low levels of CRP found during viral infections compared to bacterial infections
Measuring ... | [] | [
"Clinical significance",
"Diagnostic use"
] | [
"Biomarkers",
"Acute-phase proteins",
"Blood tests",
"Chemical pathology",
"Diagnostic cardiology",
"Diagnostic intensive care medicine",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00307809-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive%20protein | C-reactive protein | Cardiovascular disease | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind ... | Recent research suggests that patients with elevated basal levels of CRP are at an increased risk of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. A study of over 700 nurses showed that those in the highest quartile of trans fat consumption had blood levels of CRP that were 73% higher than those in the lowest quar... | [] | [
"Clinical significance",
"Cardiovascular disease"
] | [
"Biomarkers",
"Acute-phase proteins",
"Blood tests",
"Chemical pathology",
"Diagnostic cardiology",
"Diagnostic intensive care medicine",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00307809-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive%20protein | C-reactive protein | Coronary heart disease risk | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind ... | Arterial damage results from white blood cell invasion and inflammation within the wall. CRP is a general marker for inflammation and infection, so it can be used as a very rough proxy for heart disease risk. Since many things can cause elevated CRP, this is not a very specific prognostic indicator. Nevertheless, a lev... | [] | [
"Clinical significance",
"Coronary heart disease risk"
] | [
"Biomarkers",
"Acute-phase proteins",
"Blood tests",
"Chemical pathology",
"Diagnostic cardiology",
"Diagnostic intensive care medicine",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00307809-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive%20protein | C-reactive protein | Fibrosis and inflammation | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind ... | Scleroderma, polymyositis, and dermatomyositis elicit little or no CRP response. CRP levels also tend not to be elevated in SLE unless serositis or synovitis is present. Elevations of CRP in the absence of clinically significant inflammation can occur in kidney failure. CRP level is an independent risk factor for ather... | [] | [
"Clinical significance",
"Fibrosis and inflammation"
] | [
"Biomarkers",
"Acute-phase proteins",
"Blood tests",
"Chemical pathology",
"Diagnostic cardiology",
"Diagnostic intensive care medicine",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00307809-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive%20protein | C-reactive protein | Cancer | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind ... | The role of inflammation in cancer is not well understood. Some organs of the body show greater risk of cancer when they are chronically inflamed. While there is an association between increased levels of C-reactive protein and risk of developing cancer, there is no association between genetic polymorphisms influencin... | [] | [
"Clinical significance",
"Cancer"
] | [
"Biomarkers",
"Acute-phase proteins",
"Blood tests",
"Chemical pathology",
"Diagnostic cardiology",
"Diagnostic intensive care medicine",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00307809-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive%20protein | C-reactive protein | Obstructive sleep apnea | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind ... | C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, is also increased in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). CRP and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly higher in patients with OSA compared to obese control subjects. Patients with OSA have higher plasma CRP concentrations that increased corresponding to... | [] | [
"Clinical significance",
"Obstructive sleep apnea"
] | [
"Biomarkers",
"Acute-phase proteins",
"Blood tests",
"Chemical pathology",
"Diagnostic cardiology",
"Diagnostic intensive care medicine",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00307809-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive%20protein | C-reactive protein | Rheumatoid arthritis | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind ... | In the context of RA, CRP is one of the acute phase reactants, whose assessment is defined as part of the joint 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for RA with abnormal levels accounting for a single point within the criteria Higher levels of CRP are associated with more severe disease and a higher likelihood of ra... | [] | [
"Clinical significance",
"Rheumatoid arthritis"
] | [
"Biomarkers",
"Acute-phase proteins",
"Blood tests",
"Chemical pathology",
"Diagnostic cardiology",
"Diagnostic intensive care medicine",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00307809-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive%20protein | C-reactive protein | Viral infections | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind ... | Increased blood CRP levels were higher in people with avian flu H7N9 compared to those with H1N1 (more common) influenza, with a review reporting that severe H1N1 influenza had elevated CRP. In 2020, people infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China had elevated CRP. | [] | [
"Clinical significance",
"Viral infections"
] | [
"Biomarkers",
"Acute-phase proteins",
"Blood tests",
"Chemical pathology",
"Diagnostic cardiology",
"Diagnostic intensive care medicine",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00307809-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive%20protein | C-reactive protein | See also | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind ... | acute phase
erythrocyte sedimentation rate | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Biomarkers",
"Acute-phase proteins",
"Blood tests",
"Chemical pathology",
"Diagnostic cardiology",
"Diagnostic intensive care medicine",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
projected-00307813-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai | Tai | Introduction | Tai or TAI may refer to: | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Language and nationality disambiguation pages"
] | |
projected-00307813-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai | Tai | Arts and entertainment | Tai or TAI may refer to: | Tai (comics) a fictional Marvel Comics supervillain
Tai Fraiser, a fictional character in the 1995 film Clueless
Tai Kamiya, a fictional character in Digimon | [] | [
"Arts and entertainment"
] | [
"Language and nationality disambiguation pages"
] |
projected-00307813-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai | Tai | Businesses and organisations | Tai or TAI may refer to: | Avianca El Salvador, an airline, ICAO code TAI
The Australia Institute, a left-wing think tank
Transports Aériens Intercontinentaux (TAI), a defunct French airline
Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) | [] | [
"Businesses and organisations"
] | [
"Language and nationality disambiguation pages"
] |
projected-00307813-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai | Tai | Ethnic groups and languages | Tai or TAI may refer to: | Tai peoples
Tai languages
Tai language (New Guinea) | [] | [
"Ethnic groups and languages"
] | [
"Language and nationality disambiguation pages"
] |
projected-00307813-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai | Tai | People | Tai or TAI may refer to: | Tai (given name), including a list of people with the name
Tai (surname), including a list of people with the name
Dai (surname), a Chinese surname also spelled Tai, including a list of people with the name
Tai, the artist name of poet and painter Kambara Yasushi (1899–1997) | [] | [
"People"
] | [
"Language and nationality disambiguation pages"
] |
projected-00307813-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai | Tai | Places | Tai or TAI may refer to: | Tai (city), a former settlement in China during the Xia dynasty
Tai, Ardabil, Iran
Tai, Lorestan, Iran
Tai, Rivers, Nigeria
Taï, Ivory Coast
Lake Tai, in the Yangtze Delta, China
Mount Tai, in Shandong, China
Taiz International Airport, Yemen, IATA airport code TAI | [] | [
"Places"
] | [
"Language and nationality disambiguation pages"
] |
projected-00307813-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai | Tai | Other uses | Tai or TAI may refer to: | Tai (elephant) (1968-2021), an Asian elephant that had appeared in several films
International Atomic Time (TAI, from the French: temps atomique international)
Red seabream (Pagrus major), known in Japan as Tai, a fish
Trifluoromethylaminoindane (TAI), a psychoactive drug | [] | [
"Other uses"
] | [
"Language and nationality disambiguation pages"
] |
projected-00307813-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai | Tai | See also | Tai or TAI may refer to: | Dai (disambiguation) (Chinese Tai is sometimes romanized as Dai)
Tay (disambiguation)
Thai (disambiguation)
Taiwan, a state in East Asia
Tayy, an Arab tribe
Category:Language and nationality disambiguation pages | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Language and nationality disambiguation pages"
] |
projected-00307814-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | Introduction | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] | |
projected-00307814-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | Film, television, and theatre | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse Beni, Cameroonian actor and movie director
Alphonse Boudard (1925–2000), French novelist and playwright
Alphonse Ouimet (1908–1988), Canadian television pioneer and president of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation from 1958 to 1967
Alphonse Royer (1803–1875), French author, dramatist and theatre manager | [] | [
"In arts, entertainment, and media",
"Film, television, and theatre"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | Music | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse "Bois Sec" Ardoin (1915–2007), American accordionist
Alphonse Duvernoy (1842–1907), French pianist and composer
Alphonse Hasselmans (1845–1912), Belgian-born French harpist, composer and pedagogue
Alphonse Joseph (composer), Indian film score composer
Alphonse Martin (1884–1947), Canadian organist, pianist... | [] | [
"In arts, entertainment, and media",
"Music"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | Plastic arts | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse Balat (1819–1895), Belgian architect
Alphonse Colas (1818–1887), French painter
Alphonse de Cailleux (1788–1876), French painter, connoisseur, arts administrator and director of the Musée du Louvre
Alphonse-Marie-Adolphe de Neuville (1835–1885), French Academic painter
Alphonse Giroux (1775–1848), French p... | [] | [
"In arts, entertainment, and media",
"Plastic arts"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | Writing and journalism | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse Allais (1854–1905), French writer and humorist
Alphonse Boudard (1925–2000), French novelist and playwright
Alphonse Daudet (1840–1897), French novelist
Alphonse de Châteaubriant (1877–1951), French writer
Alphonse de Lamartine (1790–1869), French writer, poet and politician
Joseph-Alphonse Esménard (1770... | [] | [
"In arts, entertainment, and media",
"Writing and journalism"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | In business and finance | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse Bertrand (1846–1926), merchant and political figure in New Brunswick
Louis-Alphonse Boyer (1839–1916), Quebec merchant and political figure
Alphonse-Arthur Miville Déchêne (1848–1902), lumber merchant and political figure in Quebec
Alphonse James de Rothschild (1827–1905), French financier, vineyard owner, ... | [] | [
"In business and finance"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | In engineering and industrial design | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse Chapanis (1917–2002), American pioneer in the field of industrial design
Camille Alphonse Faure (1840–1898), French chemical engineer
Alphonse Loubat (1799–1866), French inventor who developed improvements in tram and rail equipment
Alphonse Munchen (1850–1917), Luxembourgian engineer and politician
Alphon... | [] | [
"In engineering and industrial design"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | Congo | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse Massamba-Débat (1921–1977), political figure of the Republic of the Congo who led the country from 1963 until 1968
Claude Alphonse Nsilou (born 1954), Congolese politician
Alphonse Poaty-Souchlaty (born 1941), politician of the Republic of the Congo | [] | [
"In government, law, military, and politics",
"Africa",
"Congo"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | Other African countries | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse Alley (1930–1987), Beninese army officer and political figure
Alphonse Barancira, former minister for Human Rights, Constitutional Reform and Relations with the National Assembly of Burundi
Alphonse-Marie Kadege, vice-President of Burundi from 30 April 2003 to 11 November 2004
Alphonse Kotiga (contemporary)... | [] | [
"In government, law, military, and politics",
"Africa",
"Other African countries"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | France | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse de Lamartine (1790–1869), French writer, poet and politician
Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de Sade (1740–1814), French aristocrat, revolutionary, politician and writer famous for his libertine sexuality and lifestyle
Alphonse Joseph Georges (1875–1951), French army officer
Ferdinand-Alphonse Hamelin (... | [] | [
"Europe",
"France"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | Other European countries | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse Berns (born 1952), Luxembourgian diplomat and current Ambassador to Belgium and Permanent Representative to NATO
Alphonse de Tonty (ca. 1659–1727), Italian officer who served under the French explorer Cadillac
Alphonse Munchen (1850–1917)), Luxembourgian engineer and politician | [] | [
"Europe",
"Other European countries"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | Canada | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse Bernier (1861–1944), Canadian lawyer, judge and provincial politician
Alphonse Bertrand (1846–1926), merchant and political figure in New Brunswick
Louis-Alphonse Boyer (1839–1916), Quebec merchant and political figure
Cuthbert-Alphonse Chênevert (1859–1920), lawyer and political figure in Quebec
Alphonse-... | [] | [
"North America",
"Canada"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | United States | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse Girandy (1868–1941), United States Navy sailor
Alphonse J. Jackson (born 1927), retired educator and former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
Alphonse Roy (1897–1967), American Representative from New Hampshire | [] | [
"North America",
"United States"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | In organized crime | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse Attardi (1892–1970), New York mobster
Alphonse "Al" Capone (1899–1947), Italian-American gangster who led a Prohibition-era crime syndicate
Alphonse D'Arco (born 1932), New York mobster
Alphonse Gangitano (1957–1998), Italian Australian organised crime identity from Templestowe, a suburb of Melbourne
Alpho... | [] | [
"In organized crime"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | In religion and mysticism | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse Constant (1810–1875), French occult author and purported magician
Pierre-Marie-Alphonse Favier (1837–1905), controversial Roman Catholic Lazarite Vicar Apostolic of Northern Chi-Li, China
Alphonse Gallegos (1931–1991), American Roman Catholic bishop
Alphonse Joseph Glorieux (1844–1917), Belgian missionary ... | [] | [
"In religion and mysticism"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | Cultural sciences | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier (1840–1914), American archaeologist
Alphonse Mingana (1878–1937), Assyrian theologian, historian, orientalist and former priest
Alphonse Pinart (1852–1911), French explorer, philologist and ethnographer
Alphonse Rabbe (1784–1829), French writer, historian, critic and journalist
Alp... | [] | [
"In science, medicine, and academia",
"Cultural sciences"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | Geology and earth science | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse Briart (1825–1898), Belgian coal mine supervisor and geologist
François-Alphonse Forel (1841–1912), Swiss scientist, founder of limnology
Alphonse Francois Renard (1842–1903), Belgian geologist and petrographer | [] | [
"In science, medicine, and academia",
"Geology and earth science"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | Life sciences and medicine | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse Bertillon (1853–1914), French police officer and biometrics researcher who created the field of anthropometry
Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle (1806–1893), French-Swiss botanist
Alphonse Dochez (1882–1964), American physician and disease researcher
Alphonse Guérin (1816–1895), French surgeon
Victor-Alphonse Hu... | [] | [
"In science, medicine, and academia",
"Life sciences and medicine"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | Other disciplines | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse Borrelly (1842–1926), French astronomer
Alphonse de Polignac (1817–1890), French mathematician
Christophe-Alphonse Geoffrion (1843–1899), Canadian lawyer, professor and politician
Pierre Alphonse Laurent (1813–1854), French mathematician
Alphonse Lavallée (1791–1873), the founder of the École Centrale Pari... | [] | [
"In science, medicine, and academia",
"Other disciplines"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | Football (soccer) | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse Areola (born 1993), French football player
Alphonse Decorte (1909–1977), Belgian football player
Alphonse Leweck (born 1981), Luxembourgian football player
Alphonse Renier, Belgian football player
Alphonse Six (1890–1914), Belgian football player
Alphonse Tchami (born 1971), retired Cameroonian football p... | [] | [
"In sport",
"Football (soccer)"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | Winter sports | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse Hörning, Swiss bobsledder
Alphonse Jetté (1887–?), Canadian professional ice hockey player
Alphonse Lacroix (1897–1973), American ice hockey goaltender | [] | [
"In sport",
"Winter sports"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | Other sports | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse Antoine (1915–1999), French professional road bicycle racer
Alphonse Burnand (1896–1981), American sailor
Alphonse Castex (1899–1969), French rugby union player
Alphonse Dotson (born 1943), former American football player
Alphonse Ducatillon, Belgian tug of war competitor
Alphonse Gemuseus (1898–?), Swiss... | [] | [
"In sport",
"Other sports"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | In other fields | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse James de Rothschild (1827–1905), French financier, vineyard owner, art collector, philanthropist and racehorse owner and breeder
Alphonse Goetz (1865–1934), French chess master
Alphonse Le Gastelois (1914–2012), a Jerseyman who became a hermit on the Écréhous islands to avoid persecution | [] | [
"In other fields"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | Fictional characters | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse and Gaston, an American comic strip by Frederick Burr Opper, featuring a bumbling pair of Frenchmen with a penchant for politeness
Alphonse Elric, a fictional character in the anime/manga series Fullmetal Alchemist
Alphonse "Big Boy" Caprice, a fictional character by Chester Gould in the comic strip Dick Tra... | [] | [
"Fictional characters"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307814-031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20%28given%20name%29 | Alphonse (given name) | See also | Alphonse is the French variant of the given name Alphons. People called Alphonse include: | Alphonse (surname)
Alfonso (disambiguation)
Category:French masculine given names | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"French masculine given names"
] |
projected-00307818-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavender%20oil | Lavender oil | Introduction | Lavender oil is an essential oil obtained by distillation from the flower spikes of certain species of lavender. There are over 400 types of lavender worldwide with different scents and qualities. Two forms of lavender oil are distinguished, lavender flower oil, a colorless oil, insoluble in water, having a density of ... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Essential oils"
] | |
projected-00307818-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavender%20oil | Lavender oil | Production | Lavender oil is an essential oil obtained by distillation from the flower spikes of certain species of lavender. There are over 400 types of lavender worldwide with different scents and qualities. Two forms of lavender oil are distinguished, lavender flower oil, a colorless oil, insoluble in water, having a density of ... | Pure lavender essential oil is produced through steam distillation. This generates a greater amount of oil compared to other methods due to reduction of polar compound loss. Harvest of lavender blooms is typically between late June and August. The cut lavender flowers and stems are compacted into a lavender still. A bo... | [] | [
"Production"
] | [
"Essential oils"
] |
projected-00307818-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavender%20oil | Lavender oil | Uses | Lavender oil is an essential oil obtained by distillation from the flower spikes of certain species of lavender. There are over 400 types of lavender worldwide with different scents and qualities. Two forms of lavender oil are distinguished, lavender flower oil, a colorless oil, insoluble in water, having a density of ... | In the United States, lavender oil is Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) for its intended uses. Lavender oil has been used as a perfume, aromatherapy, and skin application, but these uses have no clinical benefit. Lavender oil is used in massage therapy as a way of inducing relaxation through direct skin contact, alth... | [] | [
"Uses"
] | [
"Essential oils"
] |
projected-00307818-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavender%20oil | Lavender oil | Possible adverse effects | Lavender oil is an essential oil obtained by distillation from the flower spikes of certain species of lavender. There are over 400 types of lavender worldwide with different scents and qualities. Two forms of lavender oil are distinguished, lavender flower oil, a colorless oil, insoluble in water, having a density of ... | Many essential oils, including lavender oil, can be poisonous if swallowed. In general, of a diluted essential oil may cause toxicity in adults, whereas can be toxic in children. Over 2014-18 in New South Wales, there were 271 reported cases of lavender oil poisoning mostly in children accounting for 6.1% of all e... | [] | [
"Possible adverse effects"
] | [
"Essential oils"
] |
projected-00307818-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavender%20oil | Lavender oil | Environmental impact | Lavender oil is an essential oil obtained by distillation from the flower spikes of certain species of lavender. There are over 400 types of lavender worldwide with different scents and qualities. Two forms of lavender oil are distinguished, lavender flower oil, a colorless oil, insoluble in water, having a density of ... | A 2018 study by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences found four of the constituent chemicals (eucalyptol, 4-terpineol, limonene and alpha-terpineol) are endocrine disruptors, raising concerns of potential environmental health impact from the oil. | [] | [
"Environmental impact"
] | [
"Essential oils"
] |
projected-00307818-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavender%20oil | Lavender oil | Phytochemicals | Lavender oil is an essential oil obtained by distillation from the flower spikes of certain species of lavender. There are over 400 types of lavender worldwide with different scents and qualities. Two forms of lavender oil are distinguished, lavender flower oil, a colorless oil, insoluble in water, having a density of ... | The phytochemical composition of lavender oil varies from species to species (table), consisting primarily of monoterpeneoid and sesquiterpeneoid alcohols. Linalool (20-35%) and linalyl acetate (30-55%) dominate, with moderate levels of lavandulyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol and lavandulol, 1,8-cineole, camphor, limonene, a... | [
"Linalool skeletal.svg",
"Linalyl acetate.svg",
"Eucalyptol.png",
"Camphor structure.png",
"Cryptone.svg"
] | [
"Phytochemicals"
] | [
"Essential oils"
] |
projected-00307818-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavender%20oil | Lavender oil | References | Lavender oil is an essential oil obtained by distillation from the flower spikes of certain species of lavender. There are over 400 types of lavender worldwide with different scents and qualities. Two forms of lavender oil are distinguished, lavender flower oil, a colorless oil, insoluble in water, having a density of ... | Category:Essential oils | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Essential oils"
] |
projected-00307820-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLT | PLT | Introduction | PLT may stand for:
Patent Law Treaty
Plantronics, stock symbol
Power line communication or power line telecommunications
Princeton Large Torus, a nuclear fusion reactor
Programming language theory, in computer science
PLT Scheme, a programming language | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-00307827-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20service | Universal service | Introduction | Universal service is an economic, legal and business term used mostly in regulated industries, referring to the practice of providing a baseline level of services to every resident of a country. An example of this concept is found in the US Telecommunications Act of 1996, whose goals are:
to promote the availability ... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Telecommunications economics",
"Telecommunications policy"
] | |
projected-00307827-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20service | Universal service | Origins of concept and term | Universal service is an economic, legal and business term used mostly in regulated industries, referring to the practice of providing a baseline level of services to every resident of a country. An example of this concept is found in the US Telecommunications Act of 1996, whose goals are:
to promote the availability ... | The concept of universal service appears to have originated with Rowland Hill and the Uniform Penny Post which he introduced in the United Kingdom in 1837. Though Hill never used the term "universal service", his postal system had the hallmarks of early universal service; postal rates were reduced to uniform rates thr... | [] | [
"Origins of concept and term"
] | [
"Telecommunications economics",
"Telecommunications policy"
] |
projected-00307827-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20service | Universal service | Funding | Universal service is an economic, legal and business term used mostly in regulated industries, referring to the practice of providing a baseline level of services to every resident of a country. An example of this concept is found in the US Telecommunications Act of 1996, whose goals are:
to promote the availability ... | Most countries fund their USO by requiring the incumbent operator to be the designated USO provider or USP. USPs often previously held a legal monopoly protection. The USO is thus funded by rates/tariffs, and also by scale and scope economies. The risk of such an approach, while allowing competitive entry, is that a... | [] | [
"Funding"
] | [
"Telecommunications economics",
"Telecommunications policy"
] |
projected-00307827-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20service | Universal service | Implementation | Universal service is an economic, legal and business term used mostly in regulated industries, referring to the practice of providing a baseline level of services to every resident of a country. An example of this concept is found in the US Telecommunications Act of 1996, whose goals are:
to promote the availability ... | Though the nomenclature is different the importance of the goal of universal service has been noted by most of the countries and similar methods are being implemented to work towards this end. Each country gives certain service providers Universal Service Provider or Eligible Telecommunications Carrier status. This all... | [
"Universal Service Fig1.svg",
"Universal Service Fig2.svg"
] | [
"Implementation"
] | [
"Telecommunications economics",
"Telecommunications policy"
] |
projected-00307827-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20service | Universal service | Efficiency | Universal service is an economic, legal and business term used mostly in regulated industries, referring to the practice of providing a baseline level of services to every resident of a country. An example of this concept is found in the US Telecommunications Act of 1996, whose goals are:
to promote the availability ... | As seen from the above, the number of potential customers increases as the number of people who can now afford it increases. However service providers need to be able to actually provide that service through their network. This build-out of network is also subsidized by funds like the High Cost Fund in the United State... | [] | [
"Efficiency"
] | [
"Telecommunications economics",
"Telecommunications policy"
] |
projected-00307827-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20service | Universal service | See also | Universal service is an economic, legal and business term used mostly in regulated industries, referring to the practice of providing a baseline level of services to every resident of a country. An example of this concept is found in the US Telecommunications Act of 1996, whose goals are:
to promote the availability ... | E-rate
Universal Service Fund
National broadband plans from around the world
Broadband universal service | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Telecommunications economics",
"Telecommunications policy"
] |
projected-00307830-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive%20local%20exchange%20carrier | Competitive local exchange carrier | Introduction | A competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC), in the United States and Canada, is a telecommunications provider company (sometimes called a "carrier") competing with other, already established carriers, generally the incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC). | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Telecommunications companies",
"United States communications regulation"
] | |
projected-00307830-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive%20local%20exchange%20carrier | Competitive local exchange carrier | Background | A competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC), in the United States and Canada, is a telecommunications provider company (sometimes called a "carrier") competing with other, already established carriers, generally the incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC). | Local exchange carriers (LECs) are divided into incumbent (ILECs) and competitive (CLECs). The ILECs are usually the original, monopoly LEC in a given area, and receive different regulatory treatment from the newer CLECs. A data local exchange carrier (DLEC) is a CLEC specializing in DSL services by leasing lines from... | [] | [
"Background"
] | [
"Telecommunications companies",
"United States communications regulation"
] |
projected-00307830-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive%20local%20exchange%20carrier | Competitive local exchange carrier | History | A competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC), in the United States and Canada, is a telecommunications provider company (sometimes called a "carrier") competing with other, already established carriers, generally the incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC). | CLECs evolved from the competitive access providers (CAPs) that began to offer private line and special access services in competition with the ILECs beginning in 1985. The CAPs (such as Teleport Communications Group (TCG) and Metropolitan Fiber Systems (MFS)) deployed fiber optic systems in the central business distr... | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Telecommunications companies",
"United States communications regulation"
] |
projected-00307830-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive%20local%20exchange%20carrier | Competitive local exchange carrier | Growth | A competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC), in the United States and Canada, is a telecommunications provider company (sometimes called a "carrier") competing with other, already established carriers, generally the incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC). | The Telecommunications Act of 1996 incorporated the successful results of the state-by-state authorization process by creating a uniform national law to allow local exchange competition. This had the unintended consequence of stimulating the formation of many more CLECs than the markets could bear. The formation of th... | [] | [
"Growth"
] | [
"Telecommunications companies",
"United States communications regulation"
] |
projected-00307830-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive%20local%20exchange%20carrier | Competitive local exchange carrier | Important FCC rulings | A competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC), in the United States and Canada, is a telecommunications provider company (sometimes called a "carrier") competing with other, already established carriers, generally the incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC). | With the Triennial Review in August 2003, the FCC began to rewrite a large portion of the rules implementing the Telecommunications Act of 1996. One alternative to the UNE-P is unbundled network element loop (UNE-L), in which the CLEC has access to or operates their own local switch. The underlying copper (loop) that r... | [] | [
"Important FCC rulings"
] | [
"Telecommunications companies",
"United States communications regulation"
] |
projected-00307830-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive%20local%20exchange%20carrier | Competitive local exchange carrier | Proposed termination | A competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC), in the United States and Canada, is a telecommunications provider company (sometimes called a "carrier") competing with other, already established carriers, generally the incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC). | In May 2018, USTelecom, the Washington, D.C. trade group for the major telecommunication companies, filed a petition with the FCC, asking it to end the leasing rule within years, which would terminate the CLEC operations of smaller telecommunications companies. | [] | [
"Proposed termination"
] | [
"Telecommunications companies",
"United States communications regulation"
] |
projected-00307830-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive%20local%20exchange%20carrier | Competitive local exchange carrier | See also | A competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC), in the United States and Canada, is a telecommunications provider company (sometimes called a "carrier") competing with other, already established carriers, generally the incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC). | Liberalization
Deregulation
Regional Bell operating company
Mobile virtual network operator
Local loop unbundling
Cable telephony | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Telecommunications companies",
"United States communications regulation"
] |
projected-00307831-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLEC | CLEC | Introduction | CLEC or Clec may refer to:
Clec (album), a 1995 album by Perfect Houseplants, co-founded by Huw Warren
Colonial Land and Emigration Commission, a British government authority that existed from the 1840s to 1878
Competitive local exchange carrier, a type of telecommunications provider company
C-type lectin domain, a pr... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-00307831-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLEC | CLEC | See also | CLEC or Clec may refer to:
Clec (album), a 1995 album by Perfect Houseplants, co-founded by Huw Warren
Colonial Land and Emigration Commission, a British government authority that existed from the 1840s to 1878
Competitive local exchange carrier, a type of telecommunications provider company
C-type lectin domain, a pr... | All pages starting "CLEC" | [] | [
"See also"
] | [] |
projected-00307834-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public | Public | Introduction | In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the Öffentlichkeit or public sphere. The concept of a public has also been defined in political... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Communication",
"Public relations",
"Sociological terminology",
"Political science",
"Marketing"
] | |
projected-00307834-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public | Public | Etymology and definitions | In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the Öffentlichkeit or public sphere. The concept of a public has also been defined in political... | The name "public" originates with the Latin publicus (also poplicus), from populus, to the English word 'populace', and in general denotes some mass population ("the people") in association with some matter of common interest. So in political science and history, a public is a population of individuals in association ... | [] | [
"Etymology and definitions"
] | [
"Communication",
"Public relations",
"Sociological terminology",
"Political science",
"Marketing"
] |
projected-00307834-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public | Public | Social publics | In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the Öffentlichkeit or public sphere. The concept of a public has also been defined in political... | Social publics are groups of people united by common ideas, ideology, or hobbies. Networked publics are social publics which have been socially restructured by the networking of technologies. As such, they are simultaneously both (1) the space constructed through networked technologies and (2) the imagined collective w... | [] | [
"Social publics"
] | [
"Communication",
"Public relations",
"Sociological terminology",
"Political science",
"Marketing"
] |
projected-00307834-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public | Public | See also | In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the Öffentlichkeit or public sphere. The concept of a public has also been defined in political... | Community
Nation
People
Public sphere
Res publica
Volk | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Communication",
"Public relations",
"Sociological terminology",
"Political science",
"Marketing"
] |
projected-00307834-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public | Public | Further reading | In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the Öffentlichkeit or public sphere. The concept of a public has also been defined in political... | Hannay, Alastair (2005) On the Public Routledge
Kierkegaard, Søren (2002) A Literary Review; Alastair Hannay (trans.) London: Penguin
Lippmann, Walter. The Phantom Public (Library of Conservative Thought), Transaction Publishers; Reprint edition, January 1, 1993, .
Mayhew, Leon H. The New Public: Professional Comm... | [] | [
"Further reading"
] | [
"Communication",
"Public relations",
"Sociological terminology",
"Political science",
"Marketing"
] |
projected-00307835-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO%20639-1 | ISO 639-1 | Introduction | ISO 639-1:2002, Codes for the representation of names of languages—Part 1: Alpha-2 code, is the first part of the ISO 639 series of international standards for language codes. Part 1 covers the registration of two-letter codes. There are 183 two-letter codes registered as of June 2021. The registered codes cover the wo... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"ISO 639",
"Language identifiers"
] | |
projected-00307835-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO%20639-1 | ISO 639-1 | See also | ISO 639-1:2002, Codes for the representation of names of languages—Part 1: Alpha-2 code, is the first part of the ISO 639 series of international standards for language codes. Part 1 covers the registration of two-letter codes. There are 183 two-letter codes registered as of June 2021. The registered codes cover the wo... | List of ISO 639-1 codes
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, a different set of two-letter codes used for countries | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"ISO 639",
"Language identifiers"
] |
projected-00307837-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Introduction | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] | |
projected-00307837-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Shoulder structures and functions | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | The shoulder joint is composed of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) (see diagram). Two joints facilitate shoulder movement. The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is located between the acromion (part of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoul... | [] | [
"Shoulder structures and functions"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Diagnosis | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | Following are some of the ways doctors diagnose shoulder problems: | [] | [
"Diagnosis"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Medical history and physical exam | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | Medical history (the patient tells the doctor about an injury). For shoulder problems the medical history includes the patient's age, dominant hand, if injury affects normal work/activities as well as details on the actual shoulder problem including acute versus chronic and the presence of shoulder catching, instabilit... | [] | [
"Diagnosis",
"Medical history and physical exam"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Diagnostic tests | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | Tests to confirm the diagnosis of certain conditions. Some of these tests include:
X-ray
Arthrogram—Diagnostic record that can be seen on an X-ray after injection of a contrast fluid into the shoulder joint to outline structures such as the rotator cuff. In disease or injury, this contrast fluid may either leak into ... | [] | [
"Diagnosis",
"Diagnostic tests"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Description | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | The shoulder joint is the most frequently dislocated major joint of the body. In a typical case of a dislocated shoulder, a strong force that pulls the shoulder outward (abduction) or extreme rotation of the joint pops the ball of the humerus out of the shoulder socket. Dislocation commonly occurs when there is a backw... | [] | [
"Dislocation",
"Description"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Signs and diagnosis | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | Almost all shoulder dislocations are downwards (inferior) and of these, 95 percent are in a forward direction. Clinically this is referred to as an anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. Not only does the arm appear out of position when the shoulder dislocates, but the dislocation also produces pain. Muscle sp... | [] | [
"Dislocation",
"Signs and diagnosis"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Treatment | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | Doctors treat a dislocation by putting the head of the humerus back into the joint socket (glenoid fossa) of the scapula—a procedure called manipulation and reduction. This is usually followed up with an X-ray to make sure the reduction did not fracture the surrounding bones. The arm is then immobilized in a sling or a... | [] | [
"Dislocation",
"Treatment"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Description | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | A shoulder separation occurs where the collarbone (clavicle) meets the shoulder blade (scapula). When ligaments that hold the AC (acromioclavicular) joint together are partially or completely torn, the outer end of the clavicle may slip out of place, preventing it from properly meeting the scapula. Most often the injur... | [] | [
"Separation",
"Description"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Signs and diagnosis | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | Shoulder pain or tenderness and, occasionally, a bump in the middle of the top of the shoulder (over the AC joint) are signs that a separation may have occurred. Sometimes the severity of a separation can be detected by taking X-rays while the patient holds a light weight that pulls on the muscles, making a separation ... | [] | [
"Separation",
"Signs and diagnosis"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Treatment | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | A shoulder separation is usually treated conservatively by rest and wearing a sling. Soon after injury, an ice bag may be applied to relieve pain and swelling. After a period of rest, a therapist helps the patient perform exercises that put the shoulder through its range of motion. Most shoulder separations heal within... | [] | [
"Separation",
"Treatment"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Description | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | While not directly a shoulder problem, this may affect shoulder functionality due to problems with sternoclavicular rotation. A sternoclavicular separation occurs when the sternum separates from the clavicle at the sternoclavicular joint. Sternoclavicular separations (dislocation and subluxation) are rare and general... | [] | [
"Sternoclavicular separation",
"Description"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Signs and diagnosis | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | An X-ray or CT Scan may be necessary to accurately diagnose a sternoclavicular separation. | [] | [
"Sternoclavicular separation",
"Signs and diagnosis"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Treatment | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | Treatment consists of the standard use of plenty of rest, icing, NSAIDs and a sling. The joint may need to be reduced (i.e. put back in place), especially after posterior separations. In severe cases, surgery may be advised. | [] | [
"Sternoclavicular separation",
"Treatment"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Anatomy | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | The "rotator cuff" is a group of four tendons that blend together as they attach to the upper end of the arm bone (humerus). These tendons transmit the force of muscles originating on the shoulder blade (scapula) to the arm providing rotational motion and centering or stability of the joint. | [] | [
"Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy (Tendinitis, bursitis, impingement syndrome, and rotator cuff tears)",
"Anatomy"
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projected-00307837-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Pathology | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | The rotator cuff tendons degenerate with age. A group of respected scientists wrote in a review of existing evidence that, the theory that this degeneration is related to pinching (or impingement) between the head of the humerus and the acromion is now considered inaccurate. Rotator cuff pathology is similar in non-dom... | [] | [
"Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy (Tendinitis, bursitis, impingement syndrome, and rotator cuff tears)",
"Pathology"
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"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
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projected-00307837-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Rotator cuff tear | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | The most commonly affected tendon is that of the supraspinatus muscle.
Defects in the rotator cuff can come from an injury (cuff tear) or from degeneration (cuff wear).
The degree to which a tendon is reparable depends on its quantity and quality. Degenerated tendons are often frail and retracted and may not be amenabl... | [] | [
"Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy (Tendinitis, bursitis, impingement syndrome, and rotator cuff tears)",
"Pathology",
"Rotator cuff tear"
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"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
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"Medical mnemonics"
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projected-00307837-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Signs | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | Signs of these conditions include the slow onset of discomfort and pain in the upper shoulder or upper third of the arm and/or difficulty sleeping on the shoulder, similar condition can have sharp pain or discomfort when the upper shoulder is positioned at certain angles. Tendinitis and bursitis also cause pain when th... | [] | [
"Signs"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
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projected-00307837-022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Diagnosis | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | Diagnosis of tendinitis and bursitis begins with a medical history and physical examination. X-rays do not show tendons or the bursae but may be helpful in ruling out bony abnormalities or arthritis. The doctor may remove and test fluid from the inflamed area to rule out infection.
Ultrasound scans are frequently used ... | [] | [
"Diagnosis"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
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projected-00307837-023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Treatment | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | Anti-inflammatory medicines such as aspirin, naproxen or ibuprofen among others can be taken to help with pain. In some cases the physical therapist will use ultrasound and electrical stimulation, as well as manipulation. Gentle stretching and strengthening exercises are added gradually. If there is no improvement, the... | [] | [
"Treatment"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | SLAP tear (lesion) | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | A SLAP (superior labrum anterior to posterior) tear occurs when the cartilage of the shoulder (labrum) delaminates from glenoid. This causes an instability of the shoulder, typically in overhead movements. | [] | [
"SLAP tear (lesion)"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
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projected-00307837-025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Symptoms | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | Symptoms include a dull ache deep in the shoulder joint, trouble sleeping due to the instability and discomfort, and extreme weakness in overhead activities. | [] | [
"SLAP tear (lesion)",
"Symptoms"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Diagnosis | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | The best diagnosis for a SLAP tear is a clinical exam
followed by an MRI combined with a contrast agent. | [] | [
"SLAP tear (lesion)",
"Diagnosis"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Treatment | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | Very few cases recover to complete mobility without surgical intervention. Some patients are able to strengthen their shoulders to limit the day to day dull ache, but with limited mobility and function. Surgery reattaches the labrum to the glenoid through the use of surgical anchors. | [] | [
"SLAP tear (lesion)",
"Treatment"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
] |
projected-00307837-028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Recovery | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | Recovery is often a lengthy process. The first four or so weeks the patient is required to wear a sling. Following this, there is a month of physical therapy to regain range of motion. At two months limited strength training occurs. At six months the patient is typically released to full active use, although many patie... | [] | [
"SLAP tear (lesion)",
"Recovery"
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"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
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projected-00307837-029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | As the name implies, movement of the shoulder is severely restricted in people with a "frozen shoulder". This condition, which doctors call adhesive capsulitis, is frequently caused by injury that leads to lack of use due to pain. Rheumatic disease progression and recent shoulder surgery can also cause frozen shoulder.... | [] | [
"Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis)"
] | [
"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
"Musculoskeletal disorders",
"Overuse injuries",
"Shoulder",
"Orthopedic problems",
"Medical mnemonics"
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projected-00307837-031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Description | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | A bone fracture of the shoulder involves a partial or total crack through one of the three bones in the shoulder, the clavicle, the scapula, and the humerus. The break in a bone usually occurs as a result of an impact injury, such as a fall or blow to the shoulder. Fractures usually involve the clavicle or the neck (ar... | [] | [
"Fracture",
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"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
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projected-00307837-032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20problem | Shoulder problem | Signs and diagnosis | Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed. This instability increases the likelihood of joint injury, often leading ... | A shoulder fracture that occurs after a major injury is usually accompanied by severe pain. Within a short time, there may be redness and bruising around the area. Sometimes a fracture is obvious because the bones appear out of position.
(However this occur in non-involved dislocations and separations.) Both diagnosis ... | [] | [
"Fracture",
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"Injuries of shoulder and upper arm",
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