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train · 28.5M rows

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text_id stringlengths 22 22	page_url stringlengths 31 389	page_title stringlengths 1 250	section_title stringlengths 0 4.67k	context_page_description stringlengths 0 108k	context_section_description stringlengths 1 187k	media list	hierachy list	category list
projected-00308331-000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Virginia	Music of Virginia	Introduction		Virginia's musical contribution to American culture has been diverse, and includes Piedmont blues, jazz, folk, brass, hip-hop, and rock and roll bands, as well as the founding origins of country music in the Bristol sessions by Appalachian Virginians. The origin of music from within the state is very diverse, includin...	[]	[ "Introduction" ]	[ "Music of Virginia", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States", "Music scenes" ]
projected-00308331-001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Virginia	Music of Virginia	State song	Virginia's musical contribution to American culture has been diverse, and includes Piedmont blues, jazz, folk, brass, hip-hop, and rock and roll bands, as well as the founding origins of country music in the Bristol sessions by Appalachian Virginians. The origin of music from within the state is very diverse, includin...	"Carry Me Back to Old Virginny" by James A. Bland was Virginia's state song from 1940 until 1997; it now has emeritus status. "Oh Shenandoah" was the interim state song from January 2006, and its melody was used for "Our Great Virginia," with lyrics by Mike Greenly, which became the official state song in 2015. The sam...	[]	[ "State song" ]	[ "Music of Virginia", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States", "Music scenes" ]
projected-00308331-002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Virginia	Music of Virginia	Birthplace of Southern shape note music	Virginia's musical contribution to American culture has been diverse, and includes Piedmont blues, jazz, folk, brass, hip-hop, and rock and roll bands, as well as the founding origins of country music in the Bristol sessions by Appalachian Virginians. The origin of music from within the state is very diverse, includin...	In 1816 Ananias Davisson of Rockingham County published a shape note tunebook containing folk melodies collected during his travels, entitled Kentucky Harmony. At a time when the musicians in the North were turning to Europe and ridiculing the composers of the First New England School, Davisson's focus on grassroots re...	[ "Davisson_Graveside_20150607.png" ]	[ "Birthplace of Southern shape note music" ]	[ "Music of Virginia", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States", "Music scenes" ]
projected-00308331-003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Virginia	Music of Virginia	Notable music artists from Virginia by genre	Virginia's musical contribution to American culture has been diverse, and includes Piedmont blues, jazz, folk, brass, hip-hop, and rock and roll bands, as well as the founding origins of country music in the Bristol sessions by Appalachian Virginians. The origin of music from within the state is very diverse, includin...	One of Virginia's most famous musical contributions is the country singer Patsy Cline. Several towns claim her as their own, including Gore and Winchester. Winchester is home to several Patsy Cline attractions, including a driving tour published by the local Chamber of Commerce, and the Kurtz Cultural Center/Old Town...	[]	[ "Notable music artists from Virginia by genre" ]	[ "Music of Virginia", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States", "Music scenes" ]
projected-00308331-004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Virginia	Music of Virginia	Blues and jazz	Virginia's musical contribution to American culture has been diverse, and includes Piedmont blues, jazz, folk, brass, hip-hop, and rock and roll bands, as well as the founding origins of country music in the Bristol sessions by Appalachian Virginians. The origin of music from within the state is very diverse, includin...	Pearl Mae Bailey – vocalist, actress, Newport News James "Plunky" Branch – saxophonist; Oneness of JuJu, Ornette Coleman, Sun Ra, from Richmond Karen Briggs – improvising violinist (featured with Yanni), Portsmouth Rob Brown – saxophonist and composer, Hampton Ruth Brown – singer, songwriter, actress, musician, Po...	[]	[ "Notable music artists from Virginia by genre", "Blues and jazz" ]	[ "Music of Virginia", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States", "Music scenes" ]
projected-00308331-005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Virginia	Music of Virginia	Country and bluegrass	Virginia's musical contribution to American culture has been diverse, and includes Piedmont blues, jazz, folk, brass, hip-hop, and rock and roll bands, as well as the founding origins of country music in the Bristol sessions by Appalachian Virginians. The origin of music from within the state is very diverse, includin...	Kenny Alphin – of the country group Big & Rich, b. Culpeper Tim Barry – frontman of Avail, and country/folk singer-songwriter, Richmond Dock Boggs – singer, banjo player, Norton The Carter Family – highly influential 1920s and 1930s country trio, known as the "First Family of Country Music", Maces Spring Neko Case ...	[ "The Steel Wheels The Jefferson Theater Charlottesville VA February 2019.jpg" ]	[ "Notable music artists from Virginia by genre", "Country and bluegrass" ]	[ "Music of Virginia", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States", "Music scenes" ]
projected-00308331-006	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Virginia	Music of Virginia	Pop, rock and heavy metal	Virginia's musical contribution to American culture has been diverse, and includes Piedmont blues, jazz, folk, brass, hip-hop, and rock and roll bands, as well as the founding origins of country music in the Bristol sessions by Appalachian Virginians. The origin of music from within the state is very diverse, includin...	Alabama Thunderpussy – mainstream rock, metal band, Richmond Arsis – death metal band, Virginia Beach Artful Dodger – power pop, Fairfax Avail – punk band, Richmond Bad Omens - metalcore, Richmond Broadside – pop-punk band, Richmond Carbon Leaf – Celtic-infused rock, Richmond Car Seat Headrest - Indie rock, lo-f...	[]	[ "Notable music artists from Virginia by genre", "Pop, rock and heavy metal" ]	[ "Music of Virginia", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States", "Music scenes" ]
projected-00308331-007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Virginia	Music of Virginia	Hip hop	Virginia's musical contribution to American culture has been diverse, and includes Piedmont blues, jazz, folk, brass, hip-hop, and rock and roll bands, as well as the founding origins of country music in the Bristol sessions by Appalachian Virginians. The origin of music from within the state is very diverse, includin...	Nick Mira – producer and songwriter, Richmond Skillz – rapper and songwriter, Richmond Chris Brown – Hip-hop and R&B singer, actor, dancer/entertainer "The Prince of R&B", Tappahannock, Virginia. Had 2 No. 1 Hot 100 hits, like "Run It!" in 2005. Clipse (Malice and Pusha T) – rap/hip-hop duo, Virginia Beach Danja – re...	[]	[ "Notable music artists from Virginia by genre", "Hip hop" ]	[ "Music of Virginia", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States", "Music scenes" ]
projected-00308331-008	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Virginia	Music of Virginia	Other	Virginia's musical contribution to American culture has been diverse, and includes Piedmont blues, jazz, folk, brass, hip-hop, and rock and roll bands, as well as the founding origins of country music in the Bristol sessions by Appalachian Virginians. The origin of music from within the state is very diverse, includin...	Pearl Bailey – Broadway singer, Newport News Gary "U.S." Bonds – singer and songwriter, Norfolk Ann Marie Calhoun – violinist, Gordonsville Bill Deal and the Rhondels are from Virginia Beach Bruce Hornsby – singer, pianist and songwriter, Williamsburg. Had a No. 1 Hot 100 hit with "The Way It Is" in 1986. He went t...	[]	[ "Notable music artists from Virginia by genre", "Other" ]	[ "Music of Virginia", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States", "Music scenes" ]
projected-00308331-009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Virginia	Music of Virginia	Music venues and institutions	Virginia's musical contribution to American culture has been diverse, and includes Piedmont blues, jazz, folk, brass, hip-hop, and rock and roll bands, as well as the founding origins of country music in the Bristol sessions by Appalachian Virginians. The origin of music from within the state is very diverse, includin...	For larger concerts and events, Virginia has the Ferguson Center for the Arts (Christopher Newport University) in Newport News, Va, Jiffy Lube Live in Bristow (marketed as D.C. for most tours), the Veterans United Home Loans Amphitheater at Virginia Beach in Virginia Beach, the Richmond Coliseum, the Hampton Coliseum a...	[ "Wolf Trap (national park) meadow pavilion.jpg" ]	[ "Music venues and institutions" ]	[ "Music of Virginia", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States", "Music scenes" ]
projected-00308331-010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Virginia	Music of Virginia	Music festivals	Virginia's musical contribution to American culture has been diverse, and includes Piedmont blues, jazz, folk, brass, hip-hop, and rock and roll bands, as well as the founding origins of country music in the Bristol sessions by Appalachian Virginians. The origin of music from within the state is very diverse, includin...	FloydFest is a popular music festival which is not actually within Floyd County but in the county just next to Floyd called Patrick County. This is a bit of FloydFest trivia that mostly the locals know about. The festival began in 2002 and features camping and a wide range of music from bluegrass, rock, reggae, folk, ...	[]	[ "Music festivals" ]	[ "Music of Virginia", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States", "Music scenes" ]
projected-00308331-011	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Virginia	Music of Virginia	Blue Ridge mountain music	Virginia's musical contribution to American culture has been diverse, and includes Piedmont blues, jazz, folk, brass, hip-hop, and rock and roll bands, as well as the founding origins of country music in the Bristol sessions by Appalachian Virginians. The origin of music from within the state is very diverse, includin...	Southwest Virginia is, along with western North Carolina, part of the Blue Ridge area, home to a distinctive style of old-time music sometimes called "mountain music", which is a vibrant tradition most famously celebrated through an annual series of festivals. Galax is a small town that is home to the Old Fiddlers' Con...	[]	[ "Music festivals", "Blue Ridge mountain music" ]	[ "Music of Virginia", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States", "Music scenes" ]
projected-00308331-012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Virginia	Music of Virginia	Country music	Virginia's musical contribution to American culture has been diverse, and includes Piedmont blues, jazz, folk, brass, hip-hop, and rock and roll bands, as well as the founding origins of country music in the Bristol sessions by Appalachian Virginians. The origin of music from within the state is very diverse, includin...	Virginia's contributions to country music include the legendary singer Patsy Cline, pioneering performers The Carter Family and Staunton's Statler Brothers, who were one of the most popular country acts in the country in the 1970s and 1980s. Bristol, TN/VA has been designated by Congress as the 'Birthplace of Country ...	[]	[ "Country music" ]	[ "Music of Virginia", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States", "Music scenes" ]
projected-00308331-013	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Virginia	Music of Virginia	Hardcore punk and heavy metal	Virginia's musical contribution to American culture has been diverse, and includes Piedmont blues, jazz, folk, brass, hip-hop, and rock and roll bands, as well as the founding origins of country music in the Bristol sessions by Appalachian Virginians. The origin of music from within the state is very diverse, includin...	The city of Richmond has long had one of the more active punk rock scenes on the East Coast. The city is perhaps best known for shock-punk-metal band GWAR, known for wild on-stage antics. GWAR grew out of Death Piggy, a hardcore punk band that followed in the footsteps of local scene leaders White Cross, Beex, and Th...	[]	[ "Hardcore punk and heavy metal" ]	[ "Music of Virginia", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States", "Music scenes" ]
projected-00308331-014	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Virginia	Music of Virginia	See also	Virginia's musical contribution to American culture has been diverse, and includes Piedmont blues, jazz, folk, brass, hip-hop, and rock and roll bands, as well as the founding origins of country music in the Bristol sessions by Appalachian Virginians. The origin of music from within the state is very diverse, includin...	Indigenous music of North America#Eastern Woodlands The Virginia Musical Museum & Virginia Music Hall of Fame opened in 2013. Patsy Cline, Wayne Newton, Ella Fitzgerald, The Carter Family, Roy Clark, Bruce Hornsby, Pearl Baily and Ralph Stanley were the founding inductees.	[]	[ "See also" ]	[ "Music of Virginia", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States", "Music scenes" ]
projected-00308331-016	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Virginia	Music of Virginia	References	Virginia's musical contribution to American culture has been diverse, and includes Piedmont blues, jazz, folk, brass, hip-hop, and rock and roll bands, as well as the founding origins of country music in the Bristol sessions by Appalachian Virginians. The origin of music from within the state is very diverse, includin...	Virginia Virginia Category:Music scenes	[]	[ "References" ]	[ "Music of Virginia", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States", "Music scenes" ]
projected-00308338-000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20North%20Carolina	Music of North Carolina	Introduction		The U.S. state of North Carolina is known particularly for its history of old-time music. Many recordings were made in the early 20th century by folk song collector Bascom Lamar Lunsford. Influential North Carolina country musicians like the North Carolina Ramblers and Al Hopkins helped solidify the sound of country mu...	[]	[ "Introduction" ]	[ "Music of North Carolina", "American music by state", "Non-profit organizations based in North Carolina", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308338-002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20North%20Carolina	Music of North Carolina	Early black string band music	The U.S. state of North Carolina is known particularly for its history of old-time music. Many recordings were made in the early 20th century by folk song collector Bascom Lamar Lunsford. Influential North Carolina country musicians like the North Carolina Ramblers and Al Hopkins helped solidify the sound of country mu...	Slave musicians in North Carolina and throughout the country were often responsible for providing the dance music for both white and African American social gatherings. If a slave was trained as a musician, their value as property went up for their masters. String bands were formed to accompany the social dancing. Aft...	[]	[ "Early black string band music" ]	[ "Music of North Carolina", "American music by state", "Non-profit organizations based in North Carolina", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308338-003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20North%20Carolina	Music of North Carolina	Gospel music	The U.S. state of North Carolina is known particularly for its history of old-time music. Many recordings were made in the early 20th century by folk song collector Bascom Lamar Lunsford. Influential North Carolina country musicians like the North Carolina Ramblers and Al Hopkins helped solidify the sound of country mu...	North Carolina is also considered a cradle of gospel music. The Moravians who established the town of Winston-Salem had published Europe's first hymnal in the 15th century, and had brought from the Czech Republic and Saxony many instruments including skills to build pipe organs. Music was an integral part of community ...	[]	[ "Gospel music" ]	[ "Music of North Carolina", "American music by state", "Non-profit organizations based in North Carolina", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308338-004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20North%20Carolina	Music of North Carolina	Piedmont blues	The U.S. state of North Carolina is known particularly for its history of old-time music. Many recordings were made in the early 20th century by folk song collector Bascom Lamar Lunsford. Influential North Carolina country musicians like the North Carolina Ramblers and Al Hopkins helped solidify the sound of country mu...	The Piedmont blues is a type of blues music characterized by a unique finger-picking method on the guitar in which a regular, alternating-thumb bass pattern supports a melody using treble strings. Blind Boy Fuller (b. Fulton Allen, Wadesboro, NC, July 10, 1907) was a popular Piedmont blues guitarist, who played for tip...	[]	[ "Piedmont blues" ]	[ "Music of North Carolina", "American music by state", "Non-profit organizations based in North Carolina", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308338-005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20North%20Carolina	Music of North Carolina	Jazz musicians	The U.S. state of North Carolina is known particularly for its history of old-time music. Many recordings were made in the early 20th century by folk song collector Bascom Lamar Lunsford. Influential North Carolina country musicians like the North Carolina Ramblers and Al Hopkins helped solidify the sound of country mu...	Several notable jazz musicians were originally from North Carolina. In the case of bebop pianist Thelonious Monk, (b. Rocky Mount, NC, October 10, 1917) the North Carolina connection is slight, as Monk's family moved to Manhattan when Monk was four. Bebop Saxophonist John Coltrane (b. Hamlet, NC, September 23, 1926. d....	[]	[ "Jazz musicians" ]	[ "Music of North Carolina", "American music by state", "Non-profit organizations based in North Carolina", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308338-006	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20North%20Carolina	Music of North Carolina	Rock	The U.S. state of North Carolina is known particularly for its history of old-time music. Many recordings were made in the early 20th century by folk song collector Bascom Lamar Lunsford. Influential North Carolina country musicians like the North Carolina Ramblers and Al Hopkins helped solidify the sound of country mu...	Rock and roll guitarist, songwriter, and vocalist Link Wray, who first came to popularity in the late 1950s, was born in Dunn. Other musicians of note include guitarist Audley Freed who was born in Burgaw and played with Lynyrd Skynyrd; Jason Roy, who was founder of the Christian Rock group Building 429 from Fayettevil...	[]	[ "Rock" ]	[ "Music of North Carolina", "American music by state", "Non-profit organizations based in North Carolina", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308338-007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20North%20Carolina	Music of North Carolina	Chapel Hill rock	The U.S. state of North Carolina is known particularly for its history of old-time music. Many recordings were made in the early 20th century by folk song collector Bascom Lamar Lunsford. Influential North Carolina country musicians like the North Carolina Ramblers and Al Hopkins helped solidify the sound of country mu...	Chapel Hill's music scene dates back to the 1950s, and began to take off in the 1960s, when the Cat's Cradle Coffeehouse nurtured local folk activity. One of the first local legends, The Corsayers (later The Fabulous Corsairs) – featuring Alex Taylor and younger brother James – could be heard around town. Later, Arrog...	[ "James Taylor Bridge 080526.JPG" ]	[ "Rock", "Chapel Hill rock" ]	[ "Music of North Carolina", "American music by state", "Non-profit organizations based in North Carolina", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308338-008	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20North%20Carolina	Music of North Carolina	Punk rock and metal	The U.S. state of North Carolina is known particularly for its history of old-time music. Many recordings were made in the early 20th century by folk song collector Bascom Lamar Lunsford. Influential North Carolina country musicians like the North Carolina Ramblers and Al Hopkins helped solidify the sound of country mu...	Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill was a regional center for punk rock in the late 70s, due to its large number of college students. The first wave of bands were more power-pop than punk, and included Peter Holsapple & the H-Bombs, Sneakers, Secret Service, Nevermind, and Chris Stamey and the dBs. The punks arrived shortly aft...	[]	[ "Rock", "Punk rock and metal" ]	[ "Music of North Carolina", "American music by state", "Non-profit organizations based in North Carolina", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308338-009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20North%20Carolina	Music of North Carolina	Alternative rock	The U.S. state of North Carolina is known particularly for its history of old-time music. Many recordings were made in the early 20th century by folk song collector Bascom Lamar Lunsford. Influential North Carolina country musicians like the North Carolina Ramblers and Al Hopkins helped solidify the sound of country mu...	Rainbow Kitten Surprise (from Boone), Sylvan Esso, Ben Folds Five, and Charlotte's Paper Tongues ("Ride to California" 2009), Will*Saint Creek are all from North Carolina.	[]	[ "Rock", "Alternative rock" ]	[ "Music of North Carolina", "American music by state", "Non-profit organizations based in North Carolina", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308338-010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20North%20Carolina	Music of North Carolina	R&B, funk, and hip hop	The U.S. state of North Carolina is known particularly for its history of old-time music. Many recordings were made in the early 20th century by folk song collector Bascom Lamar Lunsford. Influential North Carolina country musicians like the North Carolina Ramblers and Al Hopkins helped solidify the sound of country mu...	Soul singer Ruby Johnson was born in Elizabeth City. Funk singer Betty Davis was born in Durham. Singer/guitarist Chuck Brown was born in Gaston. Funkadelic guitarist Tawl Ross was born in Wagram. Saxophonist Maceo Parker and his brother drummer Melvin Parker, best known for their work with James Brown, were born in Ki...	[]	[ "R&B, funk, and hip hop" ]	[ "Music of North Carolina", "American music by state", "Non-profit organizations based in North Carolina", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308338-011	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20North%20Carolina	Music of North Carolina	Youth orchestras	The U.S. state of North Carolina is known particularly for its history of old-time music. Many recordings were made in the early 20th century by folk song collector Bascom Lamar Lunsford. Influential North Carolina country musicians like the North Carolina Ramblers and Al Hopkins helped solidify the sound of country mu...	The Piedmont Youth Orchestra of Chapel Hill includes three ensembles. The Piedmont Junior Orchestra is for students in elementary and middle schools. The Piedmont Chamber Ensemble is limited to students who are in middle and high school and pass an audition. The Piedmont Wind Ensemble is for woodwind and brass student...	[]	[ "Youth orchestras" ]	[ "Music of North Carolina", "American music by state", "Non-profit organizations based in North Carolina", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308338-012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20North%20Carolina	Music of North Carolina	Folk music	The U.S. state of North Carolina is known particularly for its history of old-time music. Many recordings were made in the early 20th century by folk song collector Bascom Lamar Lunsford. Influential North Carolina country musicians like the North Carolina Ramblers and Al Hopkins helped solidify the sound of country mu...	Folk music is a unique genre of music that represents familial connections and emotional relationships between artists and the subjects about which they are singing. Specifically in Western North Carolina, this genre represents much of the culture and experiences of these people. While there are many different variatio...	[ "Brown on a Porch..jpg" ]	[ "Folk music" ]	[ "Music of North Carolina", "American music by state", "Non-profit organizations based in North Carolina", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308338-013	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20North%20Carolina	Music of North Carolina	See also	The U.S. state of North Carolina is known particularly for its history of old-time music. Many recordings were made in the early 20th century by folk song collector Bascom Lamar Lunsford. Influential North Carolina country musicians like the North Carolina Ramblers and Al Hopkins helped solidify the sound of country mu...	North Carolina Music Hall of Fame in Kannapolis Appalachian music Black Mountain College	[]	[ "See also" ]	[ "Music of North Carolina", "American music by state", "Non-profit organizations based in North Carolina", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308339-000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Mungo%27s	St. Mungo's	Introduction		St. Mungo's may refer to: St. Mungo's Cathedral, Glasgow Glasgow Cathedral and The High Kirk of Glasgow St Mungo's Hospital for Magical Maladies and Injuries from the Harry Potter books St Mungo's (charity), London's largest homelessness charity	[]	[ "Introduction" ]	[]
projected-00308341-000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica%20di%20San%20Marco	Basilica di San Marco	Introduction		Basilica di San Marco may refer to: Basilica di San Marco (Florence) Basilica di San Marco (Rome) Basilica di San Marco (Venice)	[]	[ "Introduction" ]	[]
projected-00308346-000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Florida	Music of Florida	Introduction		The music of Florida has had many influences, and the state has influenced many genres and produced many musicians.	[]	[ "Introduction" ]	[ "Music of Florida", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308346-002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Florida	Music of Florida	Blues	The music of Florida has had many influences, and the state has influenced many genres and produced many musicians.	Blues artists from Florida include Piedmont blues singer and guitarist Gabriel Brown and saxophonist and blues shouter Buster Bennett.	[]	[ "Blues" ]	[ "Music of Florida", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308346-003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Florida	Music of Florida	Jazz	The music of Florida has had many influences, and the state has influenced many genres and produced many musicians.	Bebop drummer Robert Thomas, Jr. and swing drummer Panama Francis were born in Miami. Saxophonist Archie Shepp was born in Fort Lauderdale. Trumpeter Fats Navarro was born in Key West. Bassist, cellist, and composer Sam Jones was born in Jacksonville. Alto saxophonist Cannonball Adderley, his brother cornet and trumpe...	[]	[ "Jazz" ]	[ "Music of Florida", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308346-004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Florida	Music of Florida	Country	The music of Florida has had many influences, and the state has influenced many genres and produced many musicians.	Florida is the home of several notable country musicians and musical acts. Country singer Mel Tillis (d.2017) was born in Darby, a small rural community in Pasco County. His daughter Pam Tillis, also a country music star, was born in nearby Plant City. Slim Whitman was born in Tampa and once played minor league base...	[]	[ "Country" ]	[ "Music of Florida", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308346-005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Florida	Music of Florida	Rock	The music of Florida has had many influences, and the state has influenced many genres and produced many musicians.	Jim Morrison of the Doors was born in Melbourne, spent part of his childhood in Clearwater, and attended Florida State University for a few years Johnny Tillotson ("Poetry in Motion") was from Jacksonville. In the 1960s, Florida rock and roll and garage bands included The Outlaws and The Tropics and The Tempests and ...	[]	[ "Rock" ]	[ "Music of Florida", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308346-006	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Florida	Music of Florida	Southern rock	The music of Florida has had many influences, and the state has influenced many genres and produced many musicians.	Lynyrd Skynyrd, Jacksonville, (had a No. 5 album on the Billboard 200 with Street Survivors in 1977) Molly Hatchet, Jacksonville The Allman Brothers Band, Daytona/Jacksonville (had a No. 1 Billboard 200 album with Brothers and Sisters in 1973) Blackfoot, Jacksonville Outlaws, Tampa 38 Special, Jacksonville ("Caught Up ...	[]	[ "Southern rock" ]	[ "Music of Florida", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308346-007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Florida	Music of Florida	R&B, soul, funk, disco	The music of Florida has had many influences, and the state has influenced many genres and produced many musicians.	Henry Stone and his label TK Records supported the local indie scene in the 1970s. T. K. Records produced the R&B group KC and the Sunshine Band along with soul singers Betty Wright, George McCrae, Gwen McCrae, Timmy Thomas, Little Beaver, Foxy, Peter Brown, and Jimmy "Bo" Horne as well as a number of soul and disco h...	[]	[ "R&B, soul, funk, disco" ]	[ "Music of Florida", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308346-008	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Florida	Music of Florida	Rock recording industry	The music of Florida has had many influences, and the state has influenced many genres and produced many musicians.	In the 1960s, Tampa was very active in the music recording industry. Mercy recorded a Jack Sigler, Jr. original entitled "Love (Can Make You Happy)" at the old Charles Fuller Studio on MacDill Avenue in Tampa. The Royal Guardsmen recorded "Snoopy Vs The Red Baron" at this same studio. Many bands used Charles Fuller Stu...	[]	[ "Rock recording industry" ]	[ "Music of Florida", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308346-009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Florida	Music of Florida	Punk rock	The music of Florida has had many influences, and the state has influenced many genres and produced many musicians.	Florida has experienced periods in which punk rock flourished. An active scene of original Punk bands flourished in the Tampa/St. Pete area in the late 1970s, including bands such as The Straight Jackets, The Shades, the Jackers, Just Boys, The Art Holes, The Stick Figures, A New Personality and the Veal Rifles. Based ...	[]	[ "Punk rock" ]	[ "Music of Florida", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308346-010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Florida	Music of Florida	Indie rock	The music of Florida has had many influences, and the state has influenced many genres and produced many musicians.	Indie bands Mortimer Nova, Surfer Blood, Iron & Wine (had a No. 2 album on Billboard 200 in 2011), Copeland, The Drums, and The Generators are from Florida, as well as Fake Problems from Naples. Post-rock band, Windsor for the Derby was formed in Tampa. Another famous indie artist from Florida is Hanukah Harry, famous ...	[]	[ "Indie rock" ]	[ "Music of Florida", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308346-011	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Florida	Music of Florida	Heavy metal	The music of Florida has had many influences, and the state has influenced many genres and produced many musicians.	Florida was the epicentre of the emerging death metal genre in the late 1980s, particularly in the Tampa Bay area. Shaped by the producers Scott Burns and Jim and Tim Morris of Morrisound Recording, this emergent Florida death metal scene produced artists such as Death, Morbid Angel, Deicide, Obituary, Atheist, Hate Et...	[]	[ "Heavy metal" ]	[ "Music of Florida", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308346-012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Florida	Music of Florida	Pop	The music of Florida has had many influences, and the state has influenced many genres and produced many musicians.	Backstreet Boys, 'N Sync, and O-Town (who had a No. 5 album on the Billboard 200 in 2001) were all formed in Orlando and managed by Lou Pearlman. Singer and actress Mandy Moore is from Orlando, while Aaron Carter is from Tampa. He had a No. 4 album on Billboard 200 in 2000. Also from Florida, Exposé from the late 1980...	[]	[ "Pop" ]	[ "Music of Florida", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308346-013	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Florida	Music of Florida	Latin music	The music of Florida has had many influences, and the state has influenced many genres and produced many musicians.	There are many Latinos in Florida, and an especially high number of Cubans in cities such as Miami and Tampa. The regional Latin music industry includes a wide variety of traditional and popular Cuban styles, as well as other Latin music genres. The Cuban community has produced traditional performers including Cachao...	[]	[ "Latin music" ]	[ "Music of Florida", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308346-014	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Florida	Music of Florida	Miami bass	The music of Florida has had many influences, and the state has influenced many genres and produced many musicians.	Miami bass is a booming, bass-heavy hip hop music that developed in the mid-1980s in Miami. Innovators on the scene included DJ Laz, while the scene eventually gained prominence through the Miami Bass group Luther Campbell's ("Raise the Roof (Luke song)") 2 Live Crew. The lyrics to Miami bass were often sexually expli...	[]	[ "Miami bass" ]	[ "Music of Florida", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308346-015	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Florida	Music of Florida	Floridian rap/hip hop	The music of Florida has had many influences, and the state has influenced many genres and produced many musicians.	Floridian rappers include Trick Daddy ("Let's Go"), Kodak Black, Wifisfuneral, Ski Mask the Slump God, XXXTentacion, Celph Titled, Lil Pump, Smokepurpp, SpaceGhostPurrp, Denzel Curry, Rick Ross, Ace Hood, Plies ("Hypnotized"), Trina , Rod Wave, Cool & Dre, Flo Rida, Jacki-O, Stack$, T-Pain, stic.man, Dead Prez, Pitbull...	[]	[ "Floridian rap/hip hop" ]	[ "Music of Florida", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308346-016	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Florida	Music of Florida	Florida breaks	The music of Florida has had many influences, and the state has influenced many genres and produced many musicians.	Florida breaks is a genre of breakbeat music originating in the 1990s in the state of Florida. It is particularly popular in the Tampa and Orlando areas.	[]	[ "Florida breaks" ]	[ "Music of Florida", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308346-017	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Florida	Music of Florida	Dance music	The music of Florida has had many influences, and the state has influenced many genres and produced many musicians.	Floridian dance music has included Jimmy Bo Horne and KC and The Sunshine Band. In 1985, the Winter Music Conference, an annual week-long dance music festival, started in Miami. It coincides with Ultra Music Festival. Music from the 1990s included Murk aka Funky Green Dogs, Planet Soul, No Mercy, and DJ Robbie Rivera...	[]	[ "Dance music" ]	[ "Music of Florida", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308346-018	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Florida	Music of Florida	See also	The music of Florida has had many influences, and the state has influenced many genres and produced many musicians.	Music of Miami List of songs about Miami Florida Artists Hall of Fame	[]	[ "See also" ]	[ "Music of Florida", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308346-019	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Florida	Music of Florida	References	The music of Florida has had many influences, and the state has influenced many genres and produced many musicians.	Florida Florida	[]	[ "References" ]	[ "Music of Florida", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308347-000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARPOL%2073/78	MARPOL 73/78	Introduction		The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978, or "MARPOL 73/78" is one of the most important international marine environmental conventions. MARPOL 73/78, MARPOL is an amalgamation of the words "marine and pollution" in multiple languages and a short...	[]	[ "Introduction" ]	[ "Environmental treaties", "Water pollution", "Environmental impact of shipping", "Ocean pollution", "International Maritime Organization treaties", "Treaties concluded in 1973", "Treaties concluded in 1978", "Treaties entered into force in 1983", "Admiralty law treaties", "1983 in the environment"...
projected-00308347-001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARPOL%2073/78	MARPOL 73/78	Provisions	The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978, or "MARPOL 73/78" is one of the most important international marine environmental conventions. MARPOL 73/78, MARPOL is an amalgamation of the words "marine and pollution" in multiple languages and a short...	MARPOL is divided into Annexes according to various categories of pollutants, each of which deals with the regulation of a particular group of ship emissions.	[]	[ "Provisions" ]	[ "Environmental treaties", "Water pollution", "Environmental impact of shipping", "Ocean pollution", "International Maritime Organization treaties", "Treaties concluded in 1973", "Treaties concluded in 1978", "Treaties entered into force in 1983", "Admiralty law treaties", "1983 in the environment"...
projected-00308347-002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARPOL%2073/78	MARPOL 73/78	Annex I	The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978, or "MARPOL 73/78" is one of the most important international marine environmental conventions. MARPOL 73/78, MARPOL is an amalgamation of the words "marine and pollution" in multiple languages and a short...	MARPOL Annex I came into force on 2 October 1983 and deals with the discharge of oil into the ocean environment. It incorporates the oil discharge criteria prescribed in the 1969 amendments to the 1954 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil (OILPOL). It specifies tanker design featu...	[]	[ "Provisions", "Annex I" ]	[ "Environmental treaties", "Water pollution", "Environmental impact of shipping", "Ocean pollution", "International Maritime Organization treaties", "Treaties concluded in 1973", "Treaties concluded in 1978", "Treaties entered into force in 1983", "Admiralty law treaties", "1983 in the environment"...
projected-00308347-003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARPOL%2073/78	MARPOL 73/78	Annex II	The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978, or "MARPOL 73/78" is one of the most important international marine environmental conventions. MARPOL 73/78, MARPOL is an amalgamation of the words "marine and pollution" in multiple languages and a short...	MARPOL Annex II came into force on 6 April 1987. It details the discharge criteria for the elimination of pollution by noxious liquid substances carried in large quantities. It divides substances into and introduces detailed operational standards and measures. The discharge of pollutants is allowed only to reception fa...	[]	[ "Provisions", "Annex II" ]	[ "Environmental treaties", "Water pollution", "Environmental impact of shipping", "Ocean pollution", "International Maritime Organization treaties", "Treaties concluded in 1973", "Treaties concluded in 1978", "Treaties entered into force in 1983", "Admiralty law treaties", "1983 in the environment"...
projected-00308347-004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARPOL%2073/78	MARPOL 73/78	Annex III	The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978, or "MARPOL 73/78" is one of the most important international marine environmental conventions. MARPOL 73/78, MARPOL is an amalgamation of the words "marine and pollution" in multiple languages and a short...	MARPOL Annex III came into force on 1 July 1992. It contains general requirements for the standards on packing, marking, labeling, documentation, stowage, quantity subtraction, division and notifications for preventing pollution by harmful substances. The Annex is in line with the procedures detailed in the Internatio...	[]	[ "Provisions", "Annex III" ]	[ "Environmental treaties", "Water pollution", "Environmental impact of shipping", "Ocean pollution", "International Maritime Organization treaties", "Treaties concluded in 1973", "Treaties concluded in 1978", "Treaties entered into force in 1983", "Admiralty law treaties", "1983 in the environment"...
projected-00308347-005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARPOL%2073/78	MARPOL 73/78	Annex IV	The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978, or "MARPOL 73/78" is one of the most important international marine environmental conventions. MARPOL 73/78, MARPOL is an amalgamation of the words "marine and pollution" in multiple languages and a short...	Marpol Annex IV came into force on 27 September 2003. It introduces requirements to control pollution of the sea by sewage from ships.	[]	[ "Provisions", "Annex IV" ]	[ "Environmental treaties", "Water pollution", "Environmental impact of shipping", "Ocean pollution", "International Maritime Organization treaties", "Treaties concluded in 1973", "Treaties concluded in 1978", "Treaties entered into force in 1983", "Admiralty law treaties", "1983 in the environment"...
projected-00308347-006	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARPOL%2073/78	MARPOL 73/78	Annex V	The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978, or "MARPOL 73/78" is one of the most important international marine environmental conventions. MARPOL 73/78, MARPOL is an amalgamation of the words "marine and pollution" in multiple languages and a short...	MARPOL Annex V (Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships) came into force on 31 December 1988. It specifies the distances from land in which materials may be disposed of and subdivides different types of garbage and marine debris. The requirements are much stricter in a number of "special area...	[ "MARPOL 73-78 Instructions.png" ]	[ "Provisions", "Annex V" ]	[ "Environmental treaties", "Water pollution", "Environmental impact of shipping", "Ocean pollution", "International Maritime Organization treaties", "Treaties concluded in 1973", "Treaties concluded in 1978", "Treaties entered into force in 1983", "Admiralty law treaties", "1983 in the environment"...
projected-00308347-007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARPOL%2073/78	MARPOL 73/78	Annex VI	The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978, or "MARPOL 73/78" is one of the most important international marine environmental conventions. MARPOL 73/78, MARPOL is an amalgamation of the words "marine and pollution" in multiple languages and a short...	MARPOL Annex VI came into force on 19 May 2005. It introduces requirements to regulate the air pollution being emitted by ships, including the emission of ozone-depleting substances, Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Sulfur Oxides (SOx), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and shipboard incineration. It also establishes requiremen...	[]	[ "Provisions", "Annex VI" ]	[ "Environmental treaties", "Water pollution", "Environmental impact of shipping", "Ocean pollution", "International Maritime Organization treaties", "Treaties concluded in 1973", "Treaties concluded in 1978", "Treaties entered into force in 1983", "Admiralty law treaties", "1983 in the environment"...
projected-00308347-008	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARPOL%2073/78	MARPOL 73/78	IMO 2020	The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978, or "MARPOL 73/78" is one of the most important international marine environmental conventions. MARPOL 73/78, MARPOL is an amalgamation of the words "marine and pollution" in multiple languages and a short...	As of 1 January 2020, new emission standards are enforced for fuel oil used by ships, in a regulation known as IMO 2020. The global sulphur limit (outside SECA's) dropped from an allowed 3.5% sulphur in marine fuels to 0.5%. This will significantly improve the air quality in many populated coastal and port areas, which...	[]	[ "Provisions", "Annex VI", "IMO 2020" ]	[ "Environmental treaties", "Water pollution", "Environmental impact of shipping", "Ocean pollution", "International Maritime Organization treaties", "Treaties concluded in 1973", "Treaties concluded in 1978", "Treaties entered into force in 1983", "Admiralty law treaties", "1983 in the environment"...
projected-00308347-009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARPOL%2073/78	MARPOL 73/78	Amendments	The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978, or "MARPOL 73/78" is one of the most important international marine environmental conventions. MARPOL 73/78, MARPOL is an amalgamation of the words "marine and pollution" in multiple languages and a short...	MARPOL Annex VI amendments according with MEPC 176(58) came into force 1 July 2010. Amended Regulations 12 concerns control and record keeping of Ozone Depleting Substances. Amended Regulation 14 concerns mandatory fuel oil change over procedures for vessels entering or leaving SECA areas and FO sulphur limits. MARP...	[]	[ "Amendments" ]	[ "Environmental treaties", "Water pollution", "Environmental impact of shipping", "Ocean pollution", "International Maritime Organization treaties", "Treaties concluded in 1973", "Treaties concluded in 1978", "Treaties entered into force in 1983", "Admiralty law treaties", "1983 in the environment"...
projected-00308347-010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARPOL%2073/78	MARPOL 73/78	Implementation and enforcement	The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978, or "MARPOL 73/78" is one of the most important international marine environmental conventions. MARPOL 73/78, MARPOL is an amalgamation of the words "marine and pollution" in multiple languages and a short...	In order for IMO standards to be binding, they must first be ratified by a total number of member countries whose combined gross tonnage represents at least 50% of the world's gross tonnage, a process that can be lengthy. A system of tacit acceptance has therefore been put into place, whereby if no objections are hear...	[]	[ "Implementation and enforcement" ]	[ "Environmental treaties", "Water pollution", "Environmental impact of shipping", "Ocean pollution", "International Maritime Organization treaties", "Treaties concluded in 1973", "Treaties concluded in 1978", "Treaties entered into force in 1983", "Admiralty law treaties", "1983 in the environment"...
projected-00308347-011	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARPOL%2073/78	MARPOL 73/78	Enforcement of MARPOL Annex VI	The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978, or "MARPOL 73/78" is one of the most important international marine environmental conventions. MARPOL 73/78, MARPOL is an amalgamation of the words "marine and pollution" in multiple languages and a short...	Concerns have also been raised whether the emission regulation in MARPOL Annex VI, such as the 0.5% global sulphur limit, can be enforced on international waters by non-flag States, as some ships sail under a flag of convenience. It is believed that the United Nations Convention on the Law Of the Sea (UNCLOS) allows po...	[]	[ "Enforcement of MARPOL Annex VI" ]	[ "Environmental treaties", "Water pollution", "Environmental impact of shipping", "Ocean pollution", "International Maritime Organization treaties", "Treaties concluded in 1973", "Treaties concluded in 1978", "Treaties entered into force in 1983", "Admiralty law treaties", "1983 in the environment"...
projected-00308347-012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARPOL%2073/78	MARPOL 73/78	See also	The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978, or "MARPOL 73/78" is one of the most important international marine environmental conventions. MARPOL 73/78, MARPOL is an amalgamation of the words "marine and pollution" in multiple languages and a short...	Crude oil washing International Maritime Organization Marine energy management Marine fuel management Merchant Shipping (Pollution) Act 2006 Ship pollution Oil Pollution Act van 1990 MARPOL Annex I Oily water separator (marine) Oil content meter Port Reception Facilities	[]	[ "See also" ]	[ "Environmental treaties", "Water pollution", "Environmental impact of shipping", "Ocean pollution", "International Maritime Organization treaties", "Treaties concluded in 1973", "Treaties concluded in 1978", "Treaties entered into force in 1983", "Admiralty law treaties", "1983 in the environment"...
projected-00308351-000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary%20Cells%20%E2%80%93%20Animal%20Liberation%20Brigade	Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade	Introduction		The Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade (RCALB), known simply as Animal Liberation Brigade (ALB), is a name used by animal liberationists who advocate the use of freedom and a diversity of tactics within the animal liberation movement, whether non-violent or not. As part of a praxis, the intention is to de...	[]	[ "Introduction" ]	[ "Animal Liberation Front", "Eco-terrorism", "Left-wing militant groups in the United States" ]
projected-00308351-002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary%20Cells%20%E2%80%93%20Animal%20Liberation%20Brigade	Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade	Guidelines	The Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade (RCALB), known simply as Animal Liberation Brigade (ALB), is a name used by animal liberationists who advocate the use of freedom and a diversity of tactics within the animal liberation movement, whether non-violent or not. As part of a praxis, the intention is to de...	The Revolutionary Cells guidelines was posted on the Bite Back website after the second bombing:	[]	[ "Philosophy", "Guidelines" ]	[ "Animal Liberation Front", "Eco-terrorism", "Left-wing militant groups in the United States" ]
projected-00308351-003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary%20Cells%20%E2%80%93%20Animal%20Liberation%20Brigade	Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade	Who are RCALB?	The Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade (RCALB), known simply as Animal Liberation Brigade (ALB), is a name used by animal liberationists who advocate the use of freedom and a diversity of tactics within the animal liberation movement, whether non-violent or not. As part of a praxis, the intention is to de...	The Bite Back communique also explained who the Revolutionary Cells were and why they exist:	[]	[ "Philosophy", "Who are RCALB?" ]	[ "Animal Liberation Front", "Eco-terrorism", "Left-wing militant groups in the United States" ]
projected-00308351-004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary%20Cells%20%E2%80%93%20Animal%20Liberation%20Brigade	Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade	Structure and aims	The Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade (RCALB), known simply as Animal Liberation Brigade (ALB), is a name used by animal liberationists who advocate the use of freedom and a diversity of tactics within the animal liberation movement, whether non-violent or not. As part of a praxis, the intention is to de...	The group formed the same leaderless-resistance model as the Animal Liberation Front (ALF), which consists of small, autonomous, covert terror cells acting independently. A cell may consist of just one person. According to the Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism, the Front describes itself as "an intern...	[]	[ "Philosophy", "Structure and aims" ]	[ "Animal Liberation Front", "Eco-terrorism", "Left-wing militant groups in the United States" ]
projected-00308351-005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary%20Cells%20%E2%80%93%20Animal%20Liberation%20Brigade	Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade	Extensional self-defense	The Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade (RCALB), known simply as Animal Liberation Brigade (ALB), is a name used by animal liberationists who advocate the use of freedom and a diversity of tactics within the animal liberation movement, whether non-violent or not. As part of a praxis, the intention is to de...	Steven Best has coined the term "extensional self-defense" to describe actions carried out in defense of animals by human beings acting as "proxy agents." He argues that, in carrying out acts of extensional self-defense, activists have the moral right to engage in acts of sabotage or even violence. Extensional self-de...	[]	[ "Philosophy", "Extensional self-defense" ]	[ "Animal Liberation Front", "Eco-terrorism", "Left-wing militant groups in the United States" ]
projected-00308351-007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary%20Cells%20%E2%80%93%20Animal%20Liberation%20Brigade	Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade	Pipe bombs	The Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade (RCALB), known simply as Animal Liberation Brigade (ALB), is a name used by animal liberationists who advocate the use of freedom and a diversity of tactics within the animal liberation movement, whether non-violent or not. As part of a praxis, the intention is to de...	The RCALB took credit for its first action on 27 August 2003, when two "pipe bombs filled with an ammonium nitrate" were placed at Chiron Corporation's offices in Emeryville, California. Both devices were packed with nails to act as shrapnel. Chiron was targeted because of a contract with Huntingdon Life Sciences, a Ne...	[]	[ "Actions", "Pipe bombs" ]	[ "Animal Liberation Front", "Eco-terrorism", "Left-wing militant groups in the United States" ]
projected-00308351-008	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary%20Cells%20%E2%80%93%20Animal%20Liberation%20Brigade	Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade	Office bombing	The Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade (RCALB), known simply as Animal Liberation Brigade (ALB), is a name used by animal liberationists who advocate the use of freedom and a diversity of tactics within the animal liberation movement, whether non-violent or not. As part of a praxis, the intention is to de...	In September 2003, the RCALB took responsibility for another bombing, this time at the offices of Shaklee Inc. in Pleasanton, California. Shaklee was targeted because its parent company, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical, does business with HLS. The attackers are said to be linked to Daniel Andreas San Diego, who was featured ...	[]	[ "Actions", "Office bombing" ]	[ "Animal Liberation Front", "Eco-terrorism", "Left-wing militant groups in the United States" ]
projected-00308351-009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary%20Cells%20%E2%80%93%20Animal%20Liberation%20Brigade	Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade	Incendiary device	The Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade (RCALB), known simply as Animal Liberation Brigade (ALB), is a name used by animal liberationists who advocate the use of freedom and a diversity of tactics within the animal liberation movement, whether non-violent or not. As part of a praxis, the intention is to de...	On 24 June 2007, an explosive device was placed under a car belonging to Arthur Rosenbaum, a pediatric ophthalmologist who carries out animal experimentation with cats and rhesus monkeys at the Jules Stein Eye Institute at UCLA. The device failed to explode because of a faulty fuse, but was still claimed by the Animal ...	[]	[ "Actions", "Incendiary device" ]	[ "Animal Liberation Front", "Eco-terrorism", "Left-wing militant groups in the United States" ]
projected-00308351-010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary%20Cells%20%E2%80%93%20Animal%20Liberation%20Brigade	Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade	Letter bombs	The Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade (RCALB), known simply as Animal Liberation Brigade (ALB), is a name used by animal liberationists who advocate the use of freedom and a diversity of tactics within the animal liberation movement, whether non-violent or not. As part of a praxis, the intention is to de...	Although no suspicious packages have yet been found, RCALB claimed in January 2009 to Indybay that they sent two UC Davis animal researchers letter bombs because of their work at the California National Primate Research Center. One of the researchers targeted said, "It worries me a little bit ... I mean, anytime someon...	[]	[ "Actions", "Letter bombs" ]	[ "Animal Liberation Front", "Eco-terrorism", "Left-wing militant groups in the United States" ]
projected-00308351-011	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary%20Cells%20%E2%80%93%20Animal%20Liberation%20Brigade	Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade	Vehicle firebombed	The Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade (RCALB), known simply as Animal Liberation Brigade (ALB), is a name used by animal liberationists who advocate the use of freedom and a diversity of tactics within the animal liberation movement, whether non-violent or not. As part of a praxis, the intention is to de...	In the early hours of 7 March 2009, the Animal Liberation Brigade once again targeted UCLA. This time setting ablaze and destroying a car belonging to researcher J. David Jentsch. The UCLA Chancellor described the latest attack as "reprehensible", with the University raising the reward for information leading to the ar...	[]	[ "Actions", "Vehicle firebombed" ]	[ "Animal Liberation Front", "Eco-terrorism", "Left-wing militant groups in the United States" ]
projected-00308351-012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary%20Cells%20%E2%80%93%20Animal%20Liberation%20Brigade	Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade	See also	The Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade (RCALB), known simply as Animal Liberation Brigade (ALB), is a name used by animal liberationists who advocate the use of freedom and a diversity of tactics within the animal liberation movement, whether non-violent or not. As part of a praxis, the intention is to de...	Leaderless resistance Animal rights Animal Liberation Front (ALF) Animal Rights Militia (ARM) Green Scare Justice Department (JD) Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC)	[]	[ "See also" ]	[ "Animal Liberation Front", "Eco-terrorism", "Left-wing militant groups in the United States" ]
projected-00308353-000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tennessee	Music of Tennessee	Introduction		The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous i...	[]	[ "Introduction" ]	[ "Music of Tennessee", "Tennessee culture", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308353-001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tennessee	Music of Tennessee	Bristol: "Birthplace of Country Music"	The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous i...	See also: Bristol sessions and Appalachian music Bristol is best known for being the site of the first commercial recordings of country music, showcasing Jimmie Rodgers and the Carter Family, and later a favorite venue of mountain musician Uncle Charlie Osborne. Bristol is also the birthplace of Tennessee Ernie Ford. ...	[]	[ "Bristol: \"Birthplace of Country Music\"" ]	[ "Music of Tennessee", "Tennessee culture", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308353-002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tennessee	Music of Tennessee	Nashville: "Music City, U.S.A."	The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous i...	Nashville, the most populous city and metropolitan area in the state, is home to the Grand Ole Opry (est. 1925) and the Country Music Hall of Fame (est. 1967), and bears the nickname "Music City, U.S.A.". In a tour of Great Britain and Europe in 1873, the Fisk Jubilee Singers, the first former slaves to tour Europe af...	[]	[ "Nashville: \"Music City, U.S.A.\"" ]	[ "Music of Tennessee", "Tennessee culture", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308353-003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tennessee	Music of Tennessee	Murfreesboro	The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous i...	Murfreesboro hosts several music-oriented events annually, such as the Main Street Jazzfest presented by MTSU's School of Music and the Main Street Association each May. For over 30 years, Uncle Dave Macon Days has celebrated the musical tradition of Uncle Dave Macon. This annual July event includes national competitio...	[]	[ "Murfreesboro" ]	[ "Music of Tennessee", "Tennessee culture", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308353-004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tennessee	Music of Tennessee	Old-Time music	The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous i...	The state of Tennessee once had a strong Old-time music tradition. In its earliest days the Grand Ole Opry featured banjo players, fiddle players, and string bands from Middle Tennessee such as Uncle Jimmy Thompson, Uncle Dave Macon, Fiddlin' Arthur Smith, Sid Harkreader, the McGee Brothers, Humphrey Bate and his Possu...	[]	[ "Old-Time music" ]	[ "Music of Tennessee", "Tennessee culture", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308353-006	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tennessee	Music of Tennessee	Memphis blues	The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous i...	Memphis' most significant musical claims to fame are as "Home of the Blues" and "Birthplace of Rock and Roll". Famed African-American composer W.C. Handy is said to have written the first commercially successful blues song "St. Louis Blues" in a bar on Beale Street in 1912. Handy resided in Memphis from 1909 through 19...	[]	[ "Blues", "Memphis blues" ]	[ "Music of Tennessee", "Tennessee culture", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308353-007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tennessee	Music of Tennessee	Country blues	The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous i...	Country blues is some the earliest types of blues to be known. Country blues artists from Tennessee include Memphis Jug Band, The Two Poor Boys, Howard Armstrong, Yank Rachell, Sleepy John Estes, Hammie Nixon, Son Bonds, Noah Lewis, Deford Bailey, John Henry Barbee, Memphis Willie B., Hattie Hart, Mississippi Fred McDo...	[]	[ "Blues", "Country blues" ]	[ "Music of Tennessee", "Tennessee culture", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308353-008	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tennessee	Music of Tennessee	Jazz	The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous i...	Memphis-born jazz artists include clarinetist Buster Bailey, singers Alberta Hunter, Eden Atwood, Dee Dee Bridgewater, violinist Erskine Tate, bassists Moses Allen, Jamil Nasser, trumpeters Booker Little, Louis Smith, Johnny Dunn, Marvin Stamm, pianists Lil Hardin Armstrong, Harold Mabern, Phineas Newborn, Jr., Rozelle...	[]	[ "Jazz" ]	[ "Music of Tennessee", "Tennessee culture", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308353-009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tennessee	Music of Tennessee	R&B, soul, and funk	The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous i...	R&B singers Big Maybelle and Luther Ingram were born in Jackson. Tina Turner was born in Nutbush. Clifford Curry was born in Knoxville. Willie Mabon was born in Memphis. Koko Taylor was born in Shelby County. Roscoe Shelton was born in Lynchburg. Saxophonist and bandleader Paul Williams was born in Lewisburg. Drummer C...	[]	[ "R&B, soul, and funk" ]	[ "Music of Tennessee", "Tennessee culture", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308353-010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tennessee	Music of Tennessee	Memphis Soul	The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous i...	In the 1960s and 1970s, the city was home to Hi and Stax Records, soul music record labels. Stax put out funky, distinctly Southern records by artists like Otis Redding, Sam & Dave, Wilson Pickett, Booker T. & the M.G.'s, Rufus Thomas, Carla Thomas, William Bell, Wendy Rene, The Temprees, and The Bar-Kays that stood in...	[]	[ "R&B, soul, and funk", "Memphis Soul" ]	[ "Music of Tennessee", "Tennessee culture", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308353-011	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tennessee	Music of Tennessee	Hip-hop	The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous i...	See also: Southern hip hop § Tennessee, and Memphis rap Despite not always being on the forefront of the national Hip-Hop scene, the hip-hop scene in Tennessee has been very active across the state but most prominently in the Memphis area. Some notable acts include Academy Award-winning rap group Three 6 Mafia (with J...	[]	[ "Hip-hop" ]	[ "Music of Tennessee", "Tennessee culture", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308353-012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tennessee	Music of Tennessee	Southern rock	The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous i...	Both Duane Allman and Gregg Allman, founders of the Allman Brothers Band, were born in Nashville in 1946 and 1947, respectively. The Charlie Daniels Band is closely associated with Tennessee's contributions to the southern rockgenre, and with the Volunteer Jam, an annual rock festival first held in Nashville in 1974. ...	[]	[ "Southern rock" ]	[ "Music of Tennessee", "Tennessee culture", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308353-013	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tennessee	Music of Tennessee	Punk rock and hardcore	The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous i...	Punk rock has had active scenes in Tennessee, such as the scenes in Nashville, Knoxville, and Memphis's River City Hardcore scene in the 1980s and 1990s. A few hardcore punk bands gained a following, including His Hero Is Gone (Memphis), Nashville's Love Is Red, From Ashes Rise, and Committee for Public Safety, and Kno...	[]	[ "Punk rock and hardcore" ]	[ "Music of Tennessee", "Tennessee culture", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308353-014	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tennessee	Music of Tennessee	Heavy metal	The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous i...	Heavy metal music groups from Tennessee include A Different Breed of Killer, Brodequin, Place of Skulls, Straight Line Stitch, and Whitechapel from Knoxville; Clockhammer, Intruder, and Today Is the Day from Nashville; Hosoi Bros, Nights Like These, and Tora Tora from Memphis; Tragedy in Progress from Chattanooga; and ...	[]	[ "Heavy metal" ]	[ "Music of Tennessee", "Tennessee culture", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308353-015	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tennessee	Music of Tennessee	Gospel and Christian music	The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous i...	Tennessee's location in the Bible Belt has led to an active southern Gospel music scene with such groups as The LeFevres, as well as being the origin of some notable Christian rock bands such as Memphis's DeGarmo and Key. The country group the Oak Ridge Boys started in 1945 as the Oak Ridge Quartet, a Southern Gospel g...	[]	[ "Gospel and Christian music" ]	[ "Music of Tennessee", "Tennessee culture", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308353-016	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tennessee	Music of Tennessee	Classical music	The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous i...	Tennessee cities are home to several symphony orchestras: Bryan Symphony Orchestra, Cookeville, Tennessee Chattanooga Symphony Orchestra Jackson Symphony Orchestra, Jackson, Tennessee Johnson City Symphony Orchestra, Johnson City, Tennessee Knoxville Symphony Orchestra Memphis Symphony Orchestra IRIS Orchestra ...	[]	[ "Classical music" ]	[ "Music of Tennessee", "Tennessee culture", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308353-017	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tennessee	Music of Tennessee	Notable music festivals in Tennessee	The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous i...	Bonnaroo Music Festival (lasts for 4 days) in Manchester, Tennessee each June since 2002. Nashville's Kings of Leon played there in 2010 Big Ears Festival in Knoxville, Tennessee Memphis in May in Memphis, Tennessee CMA Music Festival in Nashville, Tennessee	[]	[ "Notable music festivals in Tennessee" ]	[ "Music of Tennessee", "Tennessee culture", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308353-018	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tennessee	Music of Tennessee	See also	The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous i...	Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville Grand Ole Opry in Nashville Music City Walk of Fame in Nashville, honors contributors to Nashville's musical heritage Memphis Rock N' Soul Museum on Beale Street Memphis Music Hall of Fame Blues Hall of Fame in Memphis Highlander Folk School List of songs about ...	[]	[ "See also" ]	[ "Music of Tennessee", "Tennessee culture", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308353-019	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tennessee	Music of Tennessee	References	The story of Tennessee's contribution to American music is essentially the story of three cities: Nashville, Memphis, and Bristol. While Nashville is most famous for its status as the long-time capital of country music, Bristol is recognized as the "Birthplace of Country Music". Memphis musicians have had an enormous i...	Category:Tennessee culture Tennessee Tennessee	[]	[ "References" ]	[ "Music of Tennessee", "Tennessee culture", "American music by state", "Music of the Southern United States" ]
projected-00308357-000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Blum	Manuel Blum	Introduction		Manuel Blum (born 26 April 1938) is a Venezuelan-American computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1995 "In recognition of his contributions to the foundations of computational complexity theory and its application to cryptography and program checking".	[]	[ "Introduction" ]	[ "American computer scientists", "Theoretical computer scientists", "1938 births", "Living people", "Jewish American scientists", "International Association for Cryptologic Research fellows", "Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering", "Members of the United States National Academy ...
projected-00308357-001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Blum	Manuel Blum	Education	Manuel Blum (born 26 April 1938) is a Venezuelan-American computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1995 "In recognition of his contributions to the foundations of computational complexity theory and its application to cryptography and program checking".	Blum was born to a Jewish family in Venezuela. Blum was educated at MIT, where he received his bachelor's degree and his master's degree in electrical engineering in 1959 and 1961 respectively, and his Ph.D. in mathematics in 1964 supervised by Marvin Minsky.	[]	[ "Education" ]	[ "American computer scientists", "Theoretical computer scientists", "1938 births", "Living people", "Jewish American scientists", "International Association for Cryptologic Research fellows", "Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering", "Members of the United States National Academy ...
projected-00308357-002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Blum	Manuel Blum	Career	Manuel Blum (born 26 April 1938) is a Venezuelan-American computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1995 "In recognition of his contributions to the foundations of computational complexity theory and its application to cryptography and program checking".	Blum worked as a professor of computer science at the University of California, Berkeley until 2001. From 2001 to 2018, he was the Bruce Nelson Professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, where his wife, Lenore Blum, was also a professor of Computer Science. In 2002, he was elected to the United Stat...	[]	[ "Career" ]	[ "American computer scientists", "Theoretical computer scientists", "1938 births", "Living people", "Jewish American scientists", "International Association for Cryptologic Research fellows", "Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering", "Members of the United States National Academy ...
projected-00308357-003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Blum	Manuel Blum	Research	Manuel Blum (born 26 April 1938) is a Venezuelan-American computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1995 "In recognition of his contributions to the foundations of computational complexity theory and its application to cryptography and program checking".	In the 60s he developed an axiomatic complexity theory which was independent of concrete machine models. The theory is based on Gödel numberings and the Blum axioms. Even though the theory is not based on any machine model it yields concrete results like the compression theorem, the gap theorem, the honesty theorem and...	[]	[ "Research" ]	[ "American computer scientists", "Theoretical computer scientists", "1938 births", "Living people", "Jewish American scientists", "International Association for Cryptologic Research fellows", "Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering", "Members of the United States National Academy ...
projected-00308357-004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Blum	Manuel Blum	See also	Manuel Blum (born 26 April 1938) is a Venezuelan-American computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1995 "In recognition of his contributions to the foundations of computational complexity theory and its application to cryptography and program checking".	List of Venezuelans Graph isomorphism problem Non-interactive zero-knowledge proof Quantum coin flipping Pancake sorting	[]	[ "See also" ]	[ "American computer scientists", "Theoretical computer scientists", "1938 births", "Living people", "Jewish American scientists", "International Association for Cryptologic Research fellows", "Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering", "Members of the United States National Academy ...
projected-00308357-005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Blum	Manuel Blum	References	Manuel Blum (born 26 April 1938) is a Venezuelan-American computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1995 "In recognition of his contributions to the foundations of computational complexity theory and its application to cryptography and program checking".	Category:American computer scientists Category:Theoretical computer scientists Category:1938 births Category:Living people Category:Jewish American scientists Category:International Association for Cryptologic Research fellows Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering Category:Members of the...	[]	[ "References" ]	[ "American computer scientists", "Theoretical computer scientists", "1938 births", "Living people", "Jewish American scientists", "International Association for Cryptologic Research fellows", "Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering", "Members of the United States National Academy ...
projected-00308360-000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard%20families	Howard families	Introduction		The Howard Families are a fictional group of people created by the author Robert A. Heinlein. According to Heinlein, the Howard Foundation was started in the 19th century by Ira Howard, a millionaire dying of old age in his forties, for the purpose of extending human lifespan. Howard himself did not live to see the o...	[]	[ "Introduction" ]	[ "Robert A. Heinlein characters", "Fictional families", "Human-derived fictional species", "Eugenics in fiction" ]