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projected-00308722-038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Delaware | University of Delaware | Orientation | The University of Delaware (colloquially UD or Delaware) is a public land-grant research university located in Newark, Delaware. UD is the largest university in Delaware. It offers three associate's programs, 148 bachelor's programs, 121 master's programs (with 13 joint degrees), and 55 doctoral programs across its eig... | In the fall of 2007, the university implemented a new residence-life education program that was criticized for forcing students into polarizing discussions. The program was abandoned in November of the same year. | [] | [
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projected-00308722-039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Delaware | University of Delaware | Power plant | The University of Delaware (colloquially UD or Delaware) is a public land-grant research university located in Newark, Delaware. UD is the largest university in Delaware. It offers three associate's programs, 148 bachelor's programs, 121 master's programs (with 13 joint degrees), and 55 doctoral programs across its eig... | The university agreed to lease 43 acres on the STAR campus to The Data Centers (TDC) for the construction of the data center. The data center plan included a combined heat cycle natural gas-fired power plant capable of generating 248 megawatts of power. TDC claimed that the power plant was critical to ensuring an unint... | [] | [
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projected-00308722-040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Delaware | University of Delaware | Notable alumni and faculty | The University of Delaware (colloquially UD or Delaware) is a public land-grant research university located in Newark, Delaware. UD is the largest university in Delaware. It offers three associate's programs, 148 bachelor's programs, 121 master's programs (with 13 joint degrees), and 55 doctoral programs across its eig... | Notable alumni of the University of Delaware include 46th President of the United States, 47th Vice President of the United States, and former U.S. Senator Joe Biden (B.A. 1965); First Lady of the United States Jill Biden (B.A. 1976); former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie (B.A. 1984); campaign manager David Plouffe... | [] | [
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projected-00308724-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodeling | Yodeling | Introduction | Yodeling (also jodeling) is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register (or "chest voice") and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. The English word yodel is derived from the German (and originally Austro-Bavarian) word jodeln, meaning "to utter the syl... | [] | [
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projected-00308724-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodeling | Yodeling | History of Alpine yodeling | Yodeling (also jodeling) is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register (or "chest voice") and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. The English word yodel is derived from the German (and originally Austro-Bavarian) word jodeln, meaning "to utter the syl... | Most experts agree that yodeling was used in the Central Alps by herders calling their stock or to communicate between Alpine villages. The multi-pitched "yelling" later became part of the region's traditional lore and musical expression. The earliest record of a yodel is in 1545, where it is described as "the call of ... | [] | [
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projected-00308724-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodeling | Yodeling | Yodeling around the world | Yodeling (also jodeling) is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register (or "chest voice") and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. The English word yodel is derived from the German (and originally Austro-Bavarian) word jodeln, meaning "to utter the syl... | In Scandinavian folk music, the oral-song tradition Kulning (), also called huving, is a form of signal song, a shout to make themselves known over a long distance, especially used in the mountains. Usually it is linked to transhumance tradition. The cry could be individually designed so that it was not just a cry for ... | [] | [
"Yodeling around the world"
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projected-00308724-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodeling | Yodeling | Technique | Yodeling (also jodeling) is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register (or "chest voice") and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. The English word yodel is derived from the German (and originally Austro-Bavarian) word jodeln, meaning "to utter the syl... | Human voices have at least two distinct vocal registers, called the "head" and "chest" voices. Most people can sing tones within a certain range of lower pitches in their chest voice and tones within a certain range of higher pitch in their head voice. Falsetto is an "unsupported" register forcing vocal cords into a hi... | [] | [
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projected-00308724-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodeling | Yodeling | Yodeling in the United States | Yodeling (also jodeling) is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register (or "chest voice") and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. The English word yodel is derived from the German (and originally Austro-Bavarian) word jodeln, meaning "to utter the syl... | It is thought that yodeling was first introduced to the United States by German immigrants in Pennsylvania in the early 1800s. As the new settlers traveled south through the Appalachian Mountains and beyond into the Deep South they came into contact with Scots and Irish immigrants, Scandinavians (practitioners of a uni... | [
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projected-00308724-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodeling | Yodeling | African American roots of the American blue yodel | Yodeling (also jodeling) is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register (or "chest voice") and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. The English word yodel is derived from the German (and originally Austro-Bavarian) word jodeln, meaning "to utter the syl... | By the 1880s, the minstrel show had been replaced by Vaudeville and American Burlesque. By around 1905, more than 20 years before Jimmie Rodgers introduced his blue yodel, African Americans were touring the country singing and yodeling. The most noted yodelers of that time were Monroe Tabor ("The Yodeling Bellboy" - th... | [] | [
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projected-00308724-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodeling | Yodeling | Early recordings | Yodeling (also jodeling) is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register (or "chest voice") and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. The English word yodel is derived from the German (and originally Austro-Bavarian) word jodeln, meaning "to utter the syl... | The first musical recordings were made on wax cylinders, simply known as "records" in their era of greatest popularity (1896–1915). These hollow cylindrical objects had an audio recording engraved on the outside surface, which could be reproduced when played on a mechanical cylinder phonograph. Entertainer J.K. Emmet (... | [
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projected-00308724-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodeling | Yodeling | Jimmie Rodgers | Yodeling (also jodeling) is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register (or "chest voice") and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. The English word yodel is derived from the German (and originally Austro-Bavarian) word jodeln, meaning "to utter the syl... | The Singing Brakeman, Jimmie Rodgers, is credited with creating the American version of Alpine yodeling, the blue yodel. While working on the railroad Rogers learned blues techniques from African American gandy dancers (railroad workers), and eventually created his characteristic sound – a blend of traditional work, bl... | [] | [
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projected-00308724-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodeling | Yodeling | Cowboy yodelers | Yodeling (also jodeling) is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register (or "chest voice") and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. The English word yodel is derived from the German (and originally Austro-Bavarian) word jodeln, meaning "to utter the syl... | Although today's idea of the life and times of cowboys may not be completely accurate, the American cowboy is not a myth. At one time the American West was an open range with thousands of cattle that needed to be watched over, branded, and herded and rounded up and driven to slaughter houses. John Lomax recalls:
I coul... | [
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projected-00308724-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodeling | Yodeling | Cowgirl yodelers | Yodeling (also jodeling) is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register (or "chest voice") and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. The English word yodel is derived from the German (and originally Austro-Bavarian) word jodeln, meaning "to utter the syl... | The DeZurik Sisters were two of the first women to become stars on both the National Barn Dance and the Grand Ole Opry, largely a result of their original yodeling style.
Carolina Cotton and Patsy Montana were also early cowgirl yodeling singers. Carolina Cotton (born Helen Hagstrom, 1925–1997) began to perform while ... | [
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projected-00308724-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodeling | Yodeling | "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" | Yodeling (also jodeling) is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register (or "chest voice") and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. The English word yodel is derived from the German (and originally Austro-Bavarian) word jodeln, meaning "to utter the syl... | One famous yodeling tune known the world-over is the song "The Lion Sleeps Tonight", also known as "Wimoweh". It was first recorded by Solomon Linda and the Evening Birds in South Africa in 1939. Linda, a singer of Zulu origin, wrote the song, originally titled "Mbube" (), while working for the Gallo Record Company as ... | [] | [
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projected-00308724-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodeling | Yodeling | The Tarzan yell | Yodeling (also jodeling) is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register (or "chest voice") and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. The English word yodel is derived from the German (and originally Austro-Bavarian) word jodeln, meaning "to utter the syl... | The Tarzan yell is the yodel-like call of the character Tarzan, as portrayed by actor Johnny Weissmuller in the films based on the character created by Edgar Rice Burroughs, starting with Tarzan the Ape Man (1932). The yell was a creation of the movies, based on what Burroughs described in his books as "the victory cry... | [] | [
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projected-00308724-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodeling | Yodeling | Radio | Yodeling (also jodeling) is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register (or "chest voice") and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. The English word yodel is derived from the German (and originally Austro-Bavarian) word jodeln, meaning "to utter the syl... | Other than the National Barn Dance, broadcast out of Chicago starting in 1924, and the Grand Ole Opry in 1925, American Country Western performers had only live performances and records to promote their music. When radio grew in popularity in the late 1920s and early 1930s, the powerful recording company RCA Victor fea... | [
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projected-00308724-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodeling | Yodeling | United States | Yodeling (also jodeling) is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register (or "chest voice") and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. The English word yodel is derived from the German (and originally Austro-Bavarian) word jodeln, meaning "to utter the syl... | Jimmie Davis was a singer and songwriter, and he served two terms as the governor of Louisiana. Singing on a local radio station, his early work was in the style of country music singer Jimmie Rodgers. Like Rodgers, he was influenced by African-American blues music and discovering its rich use of sexual double meanin... | [
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projected-00308724-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodeling | Yodeling | Canada | Yodeling (also jodeling) is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register (or "chest voice") and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. The English word yodel is derived from the German (and originally Austro-Bavarian) word jodeln, meaning "to utter the syl... | Canadian country singer and yodeler Donn Reynolds set a world record yodelling non-stop for 7 hours and 29 minutes in 1976. Reynolds later established a world record for the fastest 5 tone yodel (3 falsetto) in 1.9 seconds in 1984. His release of the yodelling song "She Taught Me How To Yodel" reached #2 on the Canadia... | [] | [
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projected-00308724-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodeling | Yodeling | Europe | Yodeling (also jodeling) is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register (or "chest voice") and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. The English word yodel is derived from the German (and originally Austro-Bavarian) word jodeln, meaning "to utter the syl... | Yodeling is a major feature of folk music (Volksmusik) from Switzerland, Austria, and southern Germany and can be heard in many contemporary folk songs, which are also featured on regular TV broadcasts. Stefanie Hertel is a German yodeler and popular performer of Alpine folk music. Hertel has won numerous prizes as a p... | [
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projected-00308724-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodeling | Yodeling | Outside Europe and North America | Yodeling (also jodeling) is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register (or "chest voice") and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. The English word yodel is derived from the German (and originally Austro-Bavarian) word jodeln, meaning "to utter the syl... | Australia's first singing cowboy, Smoky Dawson, was well known for his western-style yodel and featured yodel on his first single, "I'm A Happy Go-Lucky Cowhand". In South Africa, yodeling is featured in some Afrikaans-language pop music.
Kishore Kumar was a playback singer from India, famous for his yodeling, while i... | [] | [
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"Vocal skills",
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projected-00308724-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodeling | Yodeling | See also | Yodeling (also jodeling) is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register (or "chest voice") and the high-pitch head register or falsetto. The English word yodel is derived from the German (and originally Austro-Bavarian) word jodeln, meaning "to utter the syl... | :Category:Yodelers
Andachtsjodler, Austrian devotional yodel
Cooee
Field holler
Singing cowboy
Western music (North America)
Old-time music
Western swing
Jodeldiplom
Zäuerli
Kulning | [] | [
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"Austrian styles of music",
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"Vocal skills",
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projected-00308725-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engel%20v.%20Vitale | Engel v. Vitale | Introduction | Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools, due to violation of the First Amendment. The ruling has been the subject of ... | [] | [
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projected-00308725-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engel%20v.%20Vitale | Engel v. Vitale | Background | Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools, due to violation of the First Amendment. The ruling has been the subject of ... | In 1962 the Board of Regents of New York approved a nondenominational prayer for their morning procedures. Students would be given the choice to be excused for the morning prayer if they chose to. The prayer was twenty-two words that went as followed:
The case was brought by a group of families of public school stud... | [] | [
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projected-00308725-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engel%20v.%20Vitale | Engel v. Vitale | Opinion of the Court | Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools, due to violation of the First Amendment. The ruling has been the subject of ... | In a 6–1 decision, the Supreme Court held that reciting government-written prayers in public schools was unconstitutional, violating the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.
In his opinion for the Court, Justice Black explained the importance of separation between church and state by giving a lengthy history o... | [] | [
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projected-00308725-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engel%20v.%20Vitale | Engel v. Vitale | Subsequent developments | Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools, due to violation of the First Amendment. The ruling has been the subject of ... | Since its decision, Engel has been the subject of intense debate. It has become considered one of the Court's "liberal" decisions alongside decisions such as its sequel, Abington School District v. Schempp, Griswold v. Connecticut, Miranda v. Arizona and its sequel, in re Gault, Eisenstadt v. Baird, Roe v. Wade, Ober... | [] | [
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projected-00308725-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engel%20v.%20Vitale | Engel v. Vitale | See also | Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools, due to violation of the First Amendment. The ruling has been the subject of ... | List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 370
List of United States Supreme Court cases
Separation of church and state in the United States
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943)
Everson v. Board of Education (1947)
Abington School District v. Schempp (1963)
Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
Wa... | [] | [
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projected-00308725-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engel%20v.%20Vitale | Engel v. Vitale | Further reading | Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools, due to violation of the First Amendment. The ruling has been the subject of ... | .
Laats, Adam. "Our schools, our country: American evangelicals, public schools, and the Supreme Court decisions of 1962 and 1963." Journal of religious history 36.3 (2012): 319-334.
.
. | [] | [
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projected-00308726-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | Introduction | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | [] | [
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"Grade I listed castles",
"Houses in Cornwall",
"Military history of Cornw... | |
projected-00308726-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | Etymology | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | Its Cornish language name—literally, "the grey rock in a wood"—may represent a folk memory of a time before Mount's Bay was flooded, indicating a description of the mount set in woodland. Remains of trees have been seen at low tides following storms on the beach at Perranuthnoe. | [] | [
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"Grade I listed castles",
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projected-00308726-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | Prehistory | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | There is evidence of people living in the area during the Neolithic (from circa 4000 to 2500 BC years). The key discovery was of a leaf-shaped flint arrowhead, which was found within a shallow pit on the lower eastern slope, now part of the modern gardens. Other pieces of flint have been found, and at least two could b... | [] | [
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projected-00308726-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | History | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | St Michael's Mount may have been the site of a monastery from the 8th to the early 11th centuries. Edward the Confessor gave the site to the Benedictine order of Mont-Saint-Michel and it was a priory of that abbey until the dissolution of the alien houses as a side-effect of the war in France by Henry V. Subsequently,... | [
"England-Saint-Michaels-Mount-1900-1.jpg"
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projected-00308726-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | Siege, occupation and ownership | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | Sir Henry de la Pomeroy captured the Mount in 1193, on behalf of Prince John, in the reign of King Richard I, the leader of the previous occupants having 'died of fright' upon learning rumours of Richard's release from captivity. The monastic buildings were built during the 12th century. Various sources state that the ... | [] | [
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projected-00308726-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | 18th century | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | Little is known about the village before the beginning of the 18th century, save that there were a few fishermen's cottages and monastic cottages. After improvements to the harbour in 1727, St Michael's Mount became a flourishing seaport.
In 1755 the Lisbon earthquake caused a tsunami to strike the Cornish coast over ... | [] | [
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projected-00308726-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | 19th century | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | By 1811, there were 53 houses and four streets. The pier was extended in 1821 and the population peaked in the same year, when the island had 221 people. There were three schools, a Wesleyan chapel, and three public houses, mostly used by visiting sailors. Following major improvements to nearby Penzance harbour, and th... | [
"James Webb St Michael's Mount.jpg"
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projected-00308726-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | Second World War | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | The Mount was fortified in World War II, during the invasion crisis of 1940–41. Three pillboxes can be seen to this day.
Sixty-five years after the Second World War, it was suggested based on interviews with contemporaries that the former Nazi Foreign Minister and one-time ambassador to London, Joachim von Ribbentrop,... | [] | [
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"Military history of Cornw... |
projected-00308726-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | National Trust | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | In 1954, Francis Cecil St Aubyn, 3rd Baron St Levan, gave most of St Michael's Mount to the National Trust, together with a large endowment fund. The St Aubyn family retained a 999-year lease to inhabit the castle and a licence to manage the public viewing of its historic rooms. This is managed in conjunction with the ... | [] | [
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projected-00308726-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | Preservation | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | The chapel of St Michael, a 15th-century building, has an embattled tower, one angle of which is a small turret, which served for the guidance of ships. The chapel is extra-diocesan and continues to serve the Order of St John by permission of Lord St Levan. Chapel Rock, on the beach, marks the site of a shrine dedicate... | [
"St Michael's Mount castle, from south east.jpg"
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projected-00308726-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | Local government | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | Until recent times, both the mount and the town of Marazion formed part of the parish of St Hilary. St Michael's Mount forms its own civil parish for local government purposes. Currently, this takes the form of a parish meeting as opposed to a parish council (that is, a yearly meeting of electors that does not elect co... | [
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projected-00308726-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | Geology | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | The rock exposures around St Michael's Mount provide an opportunity to see many features of the geology of Cornwall in a single locality. The mount is made of the uppermost part of a granite intrusion into metamorphosed Devonian mudstones or pelites. The granite is itself mineralised with a well-developed sheeted greis... | [] | [
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projected-00308726-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | Granites | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | There are two types of granite visible on the mount. Most of the intrusion is a tourmaline muscovite granite which is variably porphyritic. This is separated from a biotite muscovite granite by pegmatites. | [] | [
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projected-00308726-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | Devonian pelites | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | Originally laid down as mudstones these pelites were regionally metamorphosed and deformed (mainly folded here) by the Variscan orogeny. They were then affected by the intrusion of the granite, which caused further contact metamorphism, locally forming a hornfels, and mineralisation. | [] | [
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projected-00308726-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | Mineralisation | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | The best developed mineralisation is found within the uppermost part of the granite itself in the form of sheeted greisen veins. These steep W-E trending veins are thought to have formed by hydraulic fracturing when the fluid pressure at the top of the granite reached a critical level. The granite was fractured and the... | [] | [
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"Military history of Cornw... |
projected-00308726-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | Folklore | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | In prehistoric times, St Michael's Mount may have been a port for the tin trade, and Gavin de Beer made a case for it to be identified with the "tin port" Ictis/Ictin mentioned by Posidonius.
There are popular claims of a tradition that the Archangel Michael appeared before local fishermen on the mount in the 5th cent... | [] | [
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"Military history of Cornw... |
projected-00308726-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | Legend | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | During the 6th century, before a castle was built, according to legend, the island St. Michael's Mount sits upon was once home to an 18-foot giant named Cormoran, who lived in a cave with his ill-gotten treasures obtained by terrorizing local towns and villages. That is, until a young farmer's son named Jack took on th... | [] | [
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projected-00308726-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | In modern popular culture | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | The mount has featured in a number of films, including the 1979 film Dracula, where it was prominently featured as the exterior of Castle Dracula. It appeared in the 1983 James Bond film Never Say Never Again, as two guided missiles armed with nuclear warheads fly over the English countryside and out to sea, passing di... | [] | [
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"Houses in Cornwall",
"Military history of Cornw... |
projected-00308726-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | See also | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | St Aubyn family
Mont-Saint-Michel, France
List of monastic houses in Cornwall
Cormoran
Skellig Michael | [] | [
"See also"
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"Civil parishes in Cornwall",
"Castles in Cornwall",
"Church of England church buildings in Cornwall",
"Islands of Cornwall",
"Gardens in Cornwall",
"Tourist attractions in Cornwall",
"Grade I listed buildings in Cornwall",
"Grade I listed castles",
"Houses in Cornwall",
"Military history of Cornw... |
projected-00308726-022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Michael%27s%20Mount | St Michael's Mount | Further reading | St Michael's Mount (, meaning "hoar rock in woodland") is a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a causeway of granite setts, passable between mid-tide and low water. It is managed by the National Trust, and the castle and ... | John Taylor, ''Albion: the earliest history" (Dublin, 2016) | [] | [
"Further reading"
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"Civil parishes in Cornwall",
"Castles in Cornwall",
"Church of England church buildings in Cornwall",
"Islands of Cornwall",
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"Military history of Cornw... |
projected-00308727-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union%20Island%20day%20gecko | Réunion Island day gecko | Introduction | The Reunion Island day gecko (Phelsuma borbonica) is a species of gecko. It is diurnal and lives in northern Réunion. It typically dwells on banana trees and feeds on insects and nectar. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Endemic fauna of Réunion",
"Vertebrates of Réunion",
"Phelsuma",
"Reptiles described in 1982"
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projected-00308727-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union%20Island%20day%20gecko | Réunion Island day gecko | Description | The Reunion Island day gecko (Phelsuma borbonica) is a species of gecko. It is diurnal and lives in northern Réunion. It typically dwells on banana trees and feeds on insects and nectar. | This lizard belongs to the middle-sized day geckos. It can reach a total length of about 16 cm. The colour can vary, depending on which population they belong to. The body colour is bluish green or dark green. The head has a yellowish colour, finely mottled with brown. On the back and tail there are brownish or red-br... | [] | [
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"Endemic fauna of Réunion",
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projected-00308727-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union%20Island%20day%20gecko | Réunion Island day gecko | Distribution | The Reunion Island day gecko (Phelsuma borbonica) is a species of gecko. It is diurnal and lives in northern Réunion. It typically dwells on banana trees and feeds on insects and nectar. | This species only inhabits northern part of Réunion. It was found at; Les Hauts du Brûlé, Les Hauts Mensiol, Morne de Patates à Durand, near Bois de Nèfles, Belle-Vue, La Bretagne, Beaumont les Hauts, near St.Marie and Les Hauts de la Perrière near St. Suzanne. | [] | [
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projected-00308727-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union%20Island%20day%20gecko | Réunion Island day gecko | Diet | The Reunion Island day gecko (Phelsuma borbonica) is a species of gecko. It is diurnal and lives in northern Réunion. It typically dwells on banana trees and feeds on insects and nectar. | These day geckos feed on various insects and other invertebrates. They also like to lick soft, sweet fruit, pollen and nectar. | [] | [
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"Endemic fauna of Réunion",
"Vertebrates of Réunion",
"Phelsuma",
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projected-00308727-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union%20Island%20day%20gecko | Réunion Island day gecko | Care and maintenance in captivity | The Reunion Island day gecko (Phelsuma borbonica) is a species of gecko. It is diurnal and lives in northern Réunion. It typically dwells on banana trees and feeds on insects and nectar. | These animals should be housed in pairs and need a large, well planted terrarium. The temperature should be between 25 and 28 °C. The humidity should be maintained between 75 and 100. In captivity, these animals can be fed with crickets, wax moths, fruit flies, mealworms and houseflies. | [] | [
"Care and maintenance in captivity"
] | [
"Endemic fauna of Réunion",
"Vertebrates of Réunion",
"Phelsuma",
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projected-00308727-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union%20Island%20day%20gecko | Réunion Island day gecko | References | The Reunion Island day gecko (Phelsuma borbonica) is a species of gecko. It is diurnal and lives in northern Réunion. It typically dwells on banana trees and feeds on insects and nectar. | Henkel, F.-W. and W. Schmidt (1995) Amphibien und Reptilien Madagaskars, der Maskarenen, Seychellen und Komoren. Ulmer Stuttgart.
McKeown, Sean (1993) The general care and maintenance of day geckos. Advanced Vivarium Systems, Lakeside CA.
Category:Endemic fauna of Réunion
Category:Vertebrates of Réunion
Category:Phel... | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Endemic fauna of Réunion",
"Vertebrates of Réunion",
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projected-00308728-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20coot | American coot | Introduction | The American coot (Fulica americana), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes... | [] | [
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projected-00308728-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20coot | American coot | Taxonomy and systematics | The American coot (Fulica americana), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes... | The American coot was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with all the other coots in the genus Fulica and coined the binomial name Fulica americana. Gmelin based his description on the "Cinereou... | [
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projected-00308728-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20coot | American coot | Description | The American coot (Fulica americana), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes... | The American coot measures in length with a wingspan of . Adults have a short, thick, white bill and white frontal shield, which usually has a reddish-brown spot near the top of the bill between the eyes. Males and females look alike, but females are smaller. Body mass in females ranges from and in males from . Juven... | [
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projected-00308728-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20coot | American coot | Vocalizations | The American coot (Fulica americana), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes... | The American coot has a variety of repeated calls and sounds. Male and female coots make different types of calls to similar situations. Male alarm calls are while female alarm calls are . Also, stressed males go or while females call . | [] | [
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projected-00308728-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20coot | American coot | Distribution and habitat | The American coot (Fulica americana), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes... | American coots are found near water reed-ringed lakes and ponds, open marshes, and sluggish rivers. They prefer freshwater environments but may temporarily live in saltwater environments during the winter months.
The American coot's breeding habitat extends from marshes in southern Quebec to the Pacific coast of North... | [] | [
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"Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin"
] |
projected-00308728-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20coot | American coot | Caribbean coot | The American coot (Fulica americana), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes... | Coots resident in the Caribbean and Greater and Lesser Antilles lack the red portion of the frontal shield, and were previously believed to be a distinct species, the Caribbean coot (Fulica caribaea). In 2016, due to research showing that the only distinguishing characteristic between American and Caribbean coots, the ... | [
"Caribbean_coot.jpg",
"American Coot Catching a Worm.jpg"
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"Birds described in 1789",
"Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin"
] |
projected-00308728-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20coot | American coot | Behavior and ecology | The American coot (Fulica americana), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes... | The American coot is a highly gregarious species, particularly in the winter, when its flocks can number in the thousands. When swimming on the water surface, American coots exhibit a variety of interesting collective formations, including single-file lines, high density synchronized swimming and rotational dynamics, b... | [] | [
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"Birds described in 1789",
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] |
projected-00308728-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20coot | American coot | Feeding | The American coot (Fulica americana), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes... | The American coot can dive for food but can also forage and scavenge on land. Their principal source of food is aquatic vegetation, especially algae. Yet they are omnivorous, also eating arthropods, fish, and other aquatic animals. During breeding season, coots are more likely to eat aquatic insects and mollusks—which... | [] | [
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] |
projected-00308728-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20coot | American coot | Breeding | The American coot (Fulica americana), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes... | The coot mating season occurs during May and June. Coot mate pairings are monogamous throughout their life, given they have a suitable territory. A typical reproductive cycle involves multiple stages: pairing, nesting, copulation, egg deposition, incubation, and hatching.
The American coot typically has long courtship ... | [
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projected-00308728-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20coot | American coot | Nests | The American coot (Fulica americana), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes... | The American coot is a prolific builder and will create multiple structures during a single breeding season. It nests in well-concealed locations in tall reeds. There are three general types of structures: display platforms, egg nests and brood nests.
Display platforms are used as roosting sites and are left to decomp... | [] | [
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projected-00308728-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20coot | American coot | Egg-laying and clutch size | The American coot (Fulica americana), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes... | Females deposit one egg a day until the clutch is complete. Eggs are usually deposited between sunset and midnight. Typically, early season and first clutches average two more eggs than second nestings and late season clutches. Early season nests see an average of 9.0 eggs per clutch while late clutches see an average ... | [
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projected-00308728-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20coot | American coot | Incubation and hatching | The American coot (Fulica americana), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes... | Incubation start time in the American coot is variable, and can begin anywhere from the deposition of the first egg to after the clutch is fully deposited. Starting incubation before the entire clutch has been laid is an uncommon practice among birds. Once incubation starts it continues without interruption. Male and f... | [] | [
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] |
projected-00308728-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20coot | American coot | Maternal effects | The American coot (Fulica americana), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes... | Hormones that are passed down from the mother into the egg affect offspring growth, behavior, and social interactions. These nongenetic contributions by the mother are known as maternal effects. In the American coot, two levels of androgen and testosterone variation have been discovered—within-clutch and among-clutch v... | [] | [
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"Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin"
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projected-00308728-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20coot | American coot | Brood parasitism | The American coot (Fulica americana), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes... | The American coot has a mixed reproductive strategy, and conspecific brood parasitism is a common alternative reproductive method. In one 4-year study, researchers found that 40% of nests were parasitized, and that 13% of all eggs were laid by females in nests that were not their own. Increasing reproductive success un... | [] | [
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] |
projected-00308728-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20coot | American coot | Chick ornaments | The American coot (Fulica americana), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes... | The first evidence for parental selection of exaggerated, ornamental traits in offspring was found in American coots. Black American coot chicks have conspicuously orange-tipped ornamental plumes covering the front half of their body that are known as “chick ornaments” that eventually get bleached out after six days. T... | [
"Fulica americana3.jpg"
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projected-00308728-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20coot | American coot | Predation | The American coot (Fulica americana), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes... | The American coot is fairly aggressive in defense of its eggs and, in combination with their protected nesting habitat, undoubtedly helps reduce losses of eggs and young to all but the most determined and effective predators. American crows, black-billed magpies and Forster's tern can sometimes take eggs. Mammalian pre... | [] | [
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"Birds described in 1789",
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] |
projected-00308728-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20coot | American coot | In culture | The American coot (Fulica americana), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes... | On the Louisiana coast, the Cajun word for coot is pouldeau, from French for "coot", poule d'eau – literally "water hen". Coot can be used for cooking; it is somewhat popular in Cajun cuisine, for instance as an ingredient for gumbos cooked at home by duck hunters.
The bird is the mascot of the Toledo Mud Hens Minor L... | [] | [
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"Birds described in 1789",
"Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin"
] |
projected-00308728-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20coot | American coot | Conservation and threats | The American coot (Fulica americana), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes... | The American coot is listed under "least concern" by the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. They are common and widespread, and are sometimes even considered a pest. They are rarely the targets of hunters since their meat is not considered to be as good as that of ducks; although some are shot for sport, particularly... | [] | [
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] |
projected-00308729-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady%20Anne%20Clifford | Lady Anne Clifford | Introduction | Lady Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery, suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford (30 January 1590 – 22 March 1676) was an English peeress. In 1605 she inherited her father's ancient barony by writ and became suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford. She was a patron of literature and as evidenced by her di... | [
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projected-00308729-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady%20Anne%20Clifford | Lady Anne Clifford | Origins | Lady Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery, suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford (30 January 1590 – 22 March 1676) was an English peeress. In 1605 she inherited her father's ancient barony by writ and became suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford. She was a patron of literature and as evidenced by her di... | Lady Anne was born on 30 January 1590 in Skipton Castle, and was baptised the following 22 February in Holy Trinity Church in Skipton in the West Riding of Yorkshire. She was the only surviving child and sole heiress of George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland (1558–1605) of Appleby Castle in Westmorland and of Skipton ... | [] | [
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projected-00308729-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady%20Anne%20Clifford | Lady Anne Clifford | Inheritance | Lady Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery, suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford (30 January 1590 – 22 March 1676) was an English peeress. In 1605 she inherited her father's ancient barony by writ and became suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford. She was a patron of literature and as evidenced by her di... | On the death of her father on 30 October 1605, she succeeded suo jure to the ancient title Baroness de Clifford, a barony created by writ in 1299, but her father's earldom passed (according to the patent of its creation) as was usual, to the heir male, namely his younger brother Francis Clifford, 4th Earl of Cumberland... | [] | [
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"Patrons of literature",
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projected-00308729-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady%20Anne%20Clifford | Lady Anne Clifford | Early years | Lady Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery, suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford (30 January 1590 – 22 March 1676) was an English peeress. In 1605 she inherited her father's ancient barony by writ and became suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford. She was a patron of literature and as evidenced by her di... | Her parents' marriage was soured by the deaths of Anne's two elder brothers before the ages of 5 and her parents lived apart for most of her childhood. The strain of the marriage was seen in the public realm as well, especially after the separation. Her father maintained an important position at the court of Elizabeth... | [] | [
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projected-00308729-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady%20Anne%20Clifford | Lady Anne Clifford | Marriages and children | Lady Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery, suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford (30 January 1590 – 22 March 1676) was an English peeress. In 1605 she inherited her father's ancient barony by writ and became suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford. She was a patron of literature and as evidenced by her di... | Lady Anne married twice:
Firstly on 27 February 1609 to Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset (d.1624). Sackville's grandfather had arranged the marriage, writing in April 1607 to ask the courtier George More of Loseley to influence the Countess of Cumberland for the match with "that virtuous young lady the Lady Anne"... | [] | [
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projected-00308729-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady%20Anne%20Clifford | Lady Anne Clifford | Patron of arts | Lady Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery, suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford (30 January 1590 – 22 March 1676) was an English peeress. In 1605 she inherited her father's ancient barony by writ and became suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford. She was a patron of literature and as evidenced by her di... | She was an important patron of literature and due to her own writings in the form of letters and the diary she kept from 1603 to 1616, was a literary figure in her own right. John Donne said of her that she could "discourse of all things from Predestination to Slea-silk".
Anne Clifford attended the royal court in Nove... | [
"1923 Diary of Lady Anne Clifford.jpg"
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projected-00308729-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady%20Anne%20Clifford | Lady Anne Clifford | Building works | Lady Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery, suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford (30 January 1590 – 22 March 1676) was an English peeress. In 1605 she inherited her father's ancient barony by writ and became suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford. She was a patron of literature and as evidenced by her di... | In 1656 she erected the Countess Pillar near Brougham, Cumbria, in memory of her late mother. This was the site of her last meeting with her mother in 1616. On the low stone beside it, money was given to the poor on the anniversary of their parting. This is commemorated annually on 2 April.
She restored churches at ... | [] | [
"Building works"
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"Patrons of literature",
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projected-00308729-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady%20Anne%20Clifford | Lady Anne Clifford | Later life and death | Lady Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery, suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford (30 January 1590 – 22 March 1676) was an English peeress. In 1605 she inherited her father's ancient barony by writ and became suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford. She was a patron of literature and as evidenced by her di... | After inheriting her father's estates in Westmorland, by way of outliving the male heirs (her uncle and cousin), Lady Anne became a wealthy landowner. She was heavily involved with her tenants to the point of filing lawsuits against them and actively pursuing rents and debts owed to her. This was to be the demeanour of... | [] | [
"Later life and death"
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"Patrons of literature",
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projected-00308729-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady%20Anne%20Clifford | Lady Anne Clifford | References | Lady Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery, suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford (30 January 1590 – 22 March 1676) was an English peeress. In 1605 she inherited her father's ancient barony by writ and became suo jure 14th Baroness de Clifford. She was a patron of literature and as evidenced by her di... | Clifford, Lady Anne. The Diaries of Lady Anne Clifford. Ed. D. J. H. Clifford. Gloucestershire: The History Press, 2009.
Demers, Patrica A. Women's Writing in English: Early Modern England. Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2005.
Holmes, Martin. Proud Northern Lady: Lady Anne Clifford 1590-1676. Phillimore & Co., ... | [] | [
"References"
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projected-00308734-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brummie%20dialect | Brummie dialect | Introduction | The Brummie dialect, or more formally the Birmingham dialect, is spoken by many people in Birmingham, England, and some of its surrounding areas. "Brummie" is also a demonym for people from Birmingham. It is often erroneously used in referring to all accents of the West Midlands, as it is markedly distinct from the tra... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Culture in Birmingham, West Midlands",
"English language in England",
"Languages of the United Kingdom",
"People from Birmingham, West Midlands",
"British regional nicknames",
"City colloquials"
] | |
projected-00308734-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brummie%20dialect | Brummie dialect | Name | The Brummie dialect, or more formally the Birmingham dialect, is spoken by many people in Birmingham, England, and some of its surrounding areas. "Brummie" is also a demonym for people from Birmingham. It is often erroneously used in referring to all accents of the West Midlands, as it is markedly distinct from the tra... | The term Brummie derives from Brummagem or Bromwichham, which are historical variants of the name Birmingham. | [] | [
"Name"
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"Culture in Birmingham, West Midlands",
"English language in England",
"Languages of the United Kingdom",
"People from Birmingham, West Midlands",
"British regional nicknames",
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] |
projected-00308734-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brummie%20dialect | Brummie dialect | Accent | The Brummie dialect, or more formally the Birmingham dialect, is spoken by many people in Birmingham, England, and some of its surrounding areas. "Brummie" is also a demonym for people from Birmingham. It is often erroneously used in referring to all accents of the West Midlands, as it is markedly distinct from the tra... | The strength of a person's accent varies greatly all across Birmingham. As with most cities, the accent changes relative to the area of the city. A common misconception is that everyone in Birmingham speaks the same accent. It could be argued Brummie is an accent rather than a dialect as in Black Country, which is a di... | [] | [
"Accent"
] | [
"Culture in Birmingham, West Midlands",
"English language in England",
"Languages of the United Kingdom",
"People from Birmingham, West Midlands",
"British regional nicknames",
"City colloquials"
] |
projected-00308734-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brummie%20dialect | Brummie dialect | Stereotypes | The Brummie dialect, or more formally the Birmingham dialect, is spoken by many people in Birmingham, England, and some of its surrounding areas. "Brummie" is also a demonym for people from Birmingham. It is often erroneously used in referring to all accents of the West Midlands, as it is markedly distinct from the tra... | According to , among UK listeners "Birmingham English in previous academic studies and opinion polls consistently fares as the most disfavoured variety of British English, yet with no satisfying account of the dislike". He alleges that overseas visitors, in contrast, find it "lilting and melodious", and from this claim... | [] | [
"Accent",
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"Culture in Birmingham, West Midlands",
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"Languages of the United Kingdom",
"People from Birmingham, West Midlands",
"British regional nicknames",
"City colloquials"
] |
projected-00308734-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brummie%20dialect | Brummie dialect | Pronunciation | The Brummie dialect, or more formally the Birmingham dialect, is spoken by many people in Birmingham, England, and some of its surrounding areas. "Brummie" is also a demonym for people from Birmingham. It is often erroneously used in referring to all accents of the West Midlands, as it is markedly distinct from the tra... | *In Brummie, some SQUARE words shift to the set of NEAR such as there and where, thus pronounced as /ðɪə/ and /wɪə/ insted of /ðɛə/ and /wɛə/ respectively.
Urszula Clark has proposed the FACE vowel as a difference between Birmingham and Black Country pronunciation, with Birmingham speakers' using /ʌɪ/ and Black Count... | [] | [
"Pronunciation"
] | [
"Culture in Birmingham, West Midlands",
"English language in England",
"Languages of the United Kingdom",
"People from Birmingham, West Midlands",
"British regional nicknames",
"City colloquials"
] |
projected-00308734-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brummie%20dialect | Brummie dialect | Lexicon | The Brummie dialect, or more formally the Birmingham dialect, is spoken by many people in Birmingham, England, and some of its surrounding areas. "Brummie" is also a demonym for people from Birmingham. It is often erroneously used in referring to all accents of the West Midlands, as it is markedly distinct from the tra... | According to the PhD thesis of Steve Thorne at the University of Birmingham Department of English, Birmingham English is "a dialectal hybrid of northern, southern, Midlands, Warwickshire, Staffordshire and Worcestershire speech", also with elements from the languages and dialects of its Asian and Afro-Caribbean communi... | [] | [
"Lexicon"
] | [
"Culture in Birmingham, West Midlands",
"English language in England",
"Languages of the United Kingdom",
"People from Birmingham, West Midlands",
"British regional nicknames",
"City colloquials"
] |
projected-00308734-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brummie%20dialect | Brummie dialect | Notable speakers | The Brummie dialect, or more formally the Birmingham dialect, is spoken by many people in Birmingham, England, and some of its surrounding areas. "Brummie" is also a demonym for people from Birmingham. It is often erroneously used in referring to all accents of the West Midlands, as it is markedly distinct from the tra... | Examples of speakers include TV presenter Adrian Chiles, singer/musician Christine McVie, comedian Jasper Carrott, Goodies actor and TV presenter Bill Oddie, hip-hop and garage musician Mike Skinner, rock musicians Ozzy Osbourne, Tony Iommi, Geezer Butler, Bill Ward (all members of the original Black Sabbath), Roy Wood... | [
"Ozzy on tour in Japan.jpg"
] | [
"Notable speakers"
] | [
"Culture in Birmingham, West Midlands",
"English language in England",
"Languages of the United Kingdom",
"People from Birmingham, West Midlands",
"British regional nicknames",
"City colloquials"
] |
projected-00308734-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brummie%20dialect | Brummie dialect | See also | The Brummie dialect, or more formally the Birmingham dialect, is spoken by many people in Birmingham, England, and some of its surrounding areas. "Brummie" is also a demonym for people from Birmingham. It is often erroneously used in referring to all accents of the West Midlands, as it is markedly distinct from the tra... | Black Country dialect
Potteries dialect (North Staffordshire) | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Culture in Birmingham, West Midlands",
"English language in England",
"Languages of the United Kingdom",
"People from Birmingham, West Midlands",
"British regional nicknames",
"City colloquials"
] |
projected-00308738-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lushnj%C3%AB | Lushnjë | Introduction | Lushnjë (; in Lushnje's own dialect: Lushnje ; ) is a city and municipality in west-central Albania. It is located in the County of Fier. The total population is 83,659 (2011 census), in a total area of . | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Lushnjë",
"Administrative units of Lushnjë",
"Cities in Albania",
"Municipalities in Fier County"
] | |
projected-00308738-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lushnj%C3%AB | Lushnjë | History | Lushnjë (; in Lushnje's own dialect: Lushnje ; ) is a city and municipality in west-central Albania. It is located in the County of Fier. The total population is 83,659 (2011 census), in a total area of . | In January 1920, Lushnje was a provisional capital of Albania and the place of the Congress of Lushnje. Chieftains of Albania assembled in the town and declared Tirana first a provisional and then the definitive capital of Albania.
3 km away from Lushnjë is the Savra Field. This field is on the Lushnjë-Fier road. Here... | [
"Delegates of the Congress - January, 1920.jpg"
] | [
"History"
] | [
"Lushnjë",
"Administrative units of Lushnjë",
"Cities in Albania",
"Municipalities in Fier County"
] |
projected-00308738-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lushnj%C3%AB | Lushnjë | Geography | Lushnjë (; in Lushnje's own dialect: Lushnje ; ) is a city and municipality in west-central Albania. It is located in the County of Fier. The total population is 83,659 (2011 census), in a total area of . | Lushnje is in a hot Mediterranean summer type of climate. Lushnje is in the middle plains and flatland. This land is used for growing crops and raising animals. It is 30 km to Divjakë-Karavasta National Park with wetland and beaches and a lagoon. There is a Reservoir in a village in Kashar, Lushnje with many farmlands ... | [
"Divjaka (4).jpg"
] | [
"Geography"
] | [
"Lushnjë",
"Administrative units of Lushnjë",
"Cities in Albania",
"Municipalities in Fier County"
] |
projected-00308738-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lushnj%C3%AB | Lushnjë | Subdivisions | Lushnjë (; in Lushnje's own dialect: Lushnje ; ) is a city and municipality in west-central Albania. It is located in the County of Fier. The total population is 83,659 (2011 census), in a total area of . | Allkaj, Ballagat, Bubullimë, Dushk, Fier-Shegan, Golem, Hysgjokaj, Karbunarë, Kolonjë, Krutje, Lushnjë. | [] | [
"Geography",
"Subdivisions"
] | [
"Lushnjë",
"Administrative units of Lushnjë",
"Cities in Albania",
"Municipalities in Fier County"
] |
projected-00308738-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lushnj%C3%AB | Lushnjë | Economy | Lushnjë (; in Lushnje's own dialect: Lushnje ; ) is a city and municipality in west-central Albania. It is located in the County of Fier. The total population is 83,659 (2011 census), in a total area of . | Lushnje is located in the Myzeqe region that is known as a main provider of agricultural products to the rest of the country and for exports to other European Countries, and home to a national Institute of Agricultural Research. During the Communism Regime, the city had factories for paper, plastic, and food processing... | [] | [
"Economy"
] | [
"Lushnjë",
"Administrative units of Lushnjë",
"Cities in Albania",
"Municipalities in Fier County"
] |
projected-00308738-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lushnj%C3%AB | Lushnjë | Education | Lushnjë (; in Lushnje's own dialect: Lushnje ; ) is a city and municipality in west-central Albania. It is located in the County of Fier. The total population is 83,659 (2011 census), in a total area of . | Lushnje has many schools from college and to pre-k. The biggest and most famous schools in Lushnje are known as "Skënder Libohova", "18 Tetori" and "Kongresi i Lushnjes". "Kongresi i Lushnjes" has been renovated and is one for the most modern schools in the city with painted sides and interior upgrades. The college tha... | [] | [
"Infrastructure",
"Education"
] | [
"Lushnjë",
"Administrative units of Lushnjë",
"Cities in Albania",
"Municipalities in Fier County"
] |
projected-00308738-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lushnj%C3%AB | Lushnjë | Transportation | Lushnjë (; in Lushnje's own dialect: Lushnje ; ) is a city and municipality in west-central Albania. It is located in the County of Fier. The total population is 83,659 (2011 census), in a total area of . | There is one highway that passes by the outskirts of Lushnje known as the SH4. The SH4 comes from Durrës to Lushnje, and then to Fier.
There are urban buses through the city with only one straight route. The urban bus goes from the roundabout in , Lushnje, through Lushnje, and to Karbunarë, Lushnje. The ride is about ... | [] | [
"Infrastructure",
"Transportation"
] | [
"Lushnjë",
"Administrative units of Lushnjë",
"Cities in Albania",
"Municipalities in Fier County"
] |
projected-00308738-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lushnj%C3%AB | Lushnjë | Demography | Lushnjë (; in Lushnje's own dialect: Lushnje ; ) is a city and municipality in west-central Albania. It is located in the County of Fier. The total population is 83,659 (2011 census), in a total area of . | Like most southern Albanian regions, the people of Lushnje speak a Tosk dialect. The population is mixed Orthodox and Muslim, typical of southern Albanian cities. Data from the 1918 census shows that the population of Lushnje was split almost evenly between Muslims and Christians at the time of independence from the Ot... | [] | [
"Demography"
] | [
"Lushnjë",
"Administrative units of Lushnjë",
"Cities in Albania",
"Municipalities in Fier County"
] |
projected-00308738-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lushnj%C3%AB | Lushnjë | Sport | Lushnjë (; in Lushnje's own dialect: Lushnje ; ) is a city and municipality in west-central Albania. It is located in the County of Fier. The total population is 83,659 (2011 census), in a total area of . | KS Lushnja was originally formed in 1927 and the first football game held in the city of Lushnje was played shortly after. This was a friendly game against FK Tomori Berat and the team consisted of young men from Lushnje. The club was named Kongresi i Lushnjës following a proposal from a member of parliament and signat... | [] | [
"Culture",
"Sport"
] | [
"Lushnjë",
"Administrative units of Lushnjë",
"Cities in Albania",
"Municipalities in Fier County"
] |
projected-00308738-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lushnj%C3%AB | Lushnjë | Landmarks | Lushnjë (; in Lushnje's own dialect: Lushnje ; ) is a city and municipality in west-central Albania. It is located in the County of Fier. The total population is 83,659 (2011 census), in a total area of . | Abdurrahman Roza Haxhiu Stadium
Congress of Lushnjë Museum
Ardenica Monastery | [] | [
"Culture",
"Landmarks"
] | [
"Lushnjë",
"Administrative units of Lushnjë",
"Cities in Albania",
"Municipalities in Fier County"
] |
projected-00308738-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lushnj%C3%AB | Lushnjë | Twin towns - Sister cities | Lushnjë (; in Lushnje's own dialect: Lushnje ; ) is a city and municipality in west-central Albania. It is located in the County of Fier. The total population is 83,659 (2011 census), in a total area of . | Brindisi, Italy | [] | [
"Twin towns - Sister cities"
] | [
"Lushnjë",
"Administrative units of Lushnjë",
"Cities in Albania",
"Municipalities in Fier County"
] |
projected-00308738-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lushnj%C3%AB | Lushnjë | Notable people | Lushnjë (; in Lushnje's own dialect: Lushnje ; ) is a city and municipality in west-central Albania. It is located in the County of Fier. The total population is 83,659 (2011 census), in a total area of . | Following is a list of notable people born in Lushnja, Albania, or that spent most of their lives in Lushnja:
Lindita Arapi - Poet, writer
Artan Bano - Footballer and manager
Luli Bitri - Actor
Iljaz Çeço - Footballer
Rezart Dabulla - Footballer
Edmond Dalipi - Footballer
Kristaq Dhamo - Movie director
Abdurrah... | [] | [
"Notable people"
] | [
"Lushnjë",
"Administrative units of Lushnjë",
"Cities in Albania",
"Municipalities in Fier County"
] |