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text_id stringlengths 22 22 | page_url stringlengths 31 389 | page_title stringlengths 1 250 | section_title stringlengths 0 4.67k | context_page_description stringlengths 0 108k | context_section_description stringlengths 1 187k | media list | hierachy list | category list |
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projected-00308842-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | First term: 1975–1978 | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | Muldoon was sworn in as New Zealand's 31st Prime Minister on 12 December 1975, at the age of 54. A populist, he promised to lead "a Government of the ordinary bloke." His government immediately faced problems with the economy; a recession from June 1976 to March 1978 caused New Zealand's economy to shrink 4.1% and unem... | [
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projected-00308842-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Superannuation and Fitzgerald v. Muldoon | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | One of Muldoon's first actions was to issue a press release stating that he would advise the Governor-General to abolish Labour's superannuation scheme without new legislation. Muldoon felt that the dissolution would be immediate, and he would later introduce a bill in parliament to retroactively make the abolition leg... | [
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projected-00308842-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Economic challenges | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | Muldoon's government inherited a number of economic and social challenges. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, New Zealand's economy had significantly declined due to several international developments: a decline in international wool prices in 1966, Britain joining the European Economic Community in 1973 (which dep... | [] | [
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projected-00308842-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | The Dawn Raids | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | Robert Muldoon continued his Labour predecessor Prime Minister Norman Kirk's policy of arresting and deporting Pacific Islander overstayers which had begun in 1974. Since the 1950s, the New Zealand government had encouraged substantial emigration from several Pacific countries including Samoa, Tonga, and Fiji to fill a... | [] | [
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projected-00308842-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Moyle Affair | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | Muldoon, in Parliament, accused opposition MP and former Cabinet minister Colin Moyle in November 1976 of having been questioned by the police on suspicion of homosexual activities a year earlier. Homosexual activity between men was illegal in New Zealand at the time. After changing his story several times, Moyle resig... | [] | [
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projected-00308842-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Appointment of Holyoake as Governor-General | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | As Prime Minister, Muldoon had the sole right to advise Queen Elizabeth II on whom to appoint as Governor-General. With the term of Sir Denis Blundell as Governor-General coming to an end in 1977, a new appointee was needed. Muldoon sent a message to the Queen on 15 December 1976 putting forward former Prime Minister S... | [
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projected-00308842-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | 1978 election | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | A month before the general election Muldoon remained the preferred Prime Minister, though his support slipped from 60% to 48% while Rowling's rose 8 points to 38%. At the election, held on 25 November, National lost three seats and it dropped 7.9 percentage points in the vote. Although the party had been returned to of... | [] | [
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projected-00308842-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Taxation | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | Muldoon initially opposed indirect consumer taxation on the basis that it would penalise poor people and increase inflation due to compensatory wage increases. However, in May 1979 he attempted to increase tax revenue by levying 10% to 20% taxes on a wide range of goods, including petrol, lawnmowers, caravans and boats... | [] | [
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projected-00308842-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Communism and the Soviet Union | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | As with other conservative governments during the Cold War, Muldoon adopted an anti-Soviet stance. As a long-time National Party activist, Muldoon rejected Communism as an "alien" collectivist philosophy. During the television programme Gallery in the later 1960s, he also rebuked left-leaning clergymen who had criticis... | [] | [
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projected-00308842-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Arthur Allan Thomas | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | After David Yallop drew Muldoon's attention to the case of Arthur Allan Thomas, twice convicted for the murders of farming couple Harvey and Jeannette Crewe, Muldoon asked Robert Adams-Smith, a QC, to review the case. Adams-Smith reported 'an injustice may have been done', and Muldoon pushed through a royal pardon for ... | [
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projected-00308842-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | East Coast Bays by-election | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | Muldoon's appointment of Frank Gill as New Zealand's ambassador to the United States led to a by-election in Gill's seat of East Coast Bays. Muldoon's favoured candidate was Sue Wood, at the time National's Vice President and later party President. National selected the economically liberal Don Brash, a future Governor... | [] | [
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projected-00308842-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Colonels' Coup | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | Following the loss of the East Coast Bays by-election, Muldoon faced an abortive attempt in October–November 1980 to oust him as leader. Known as the Colonels' Coup after its originators—Jim Bolger, Jim McLay and Derek Quigley—it aimed to replace Muldoon with his more economically liberal deputy, Brian Talboys. Muldoon... | [] | [
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projected-00308842-022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Springbok Tour | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | Professing a belief that politics should not interfere with sport, Muldoon resisted pressure to bar the 1981 tour by the Springboks, the national rugby union squad of apartheid-era South Africa. By allowing "the Tour", Muldoon was accused of breaking the 1977 Gleneagles Agreement (to form a common policy on sporting wi... | [] | [
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projected-00308842-023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Think Big | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | The Iranian Revolution had led to the second oil shock of 1979. Economic growth in New Zealand had only just begun to recover from the 1976–78 recession when the oil shock hit. Economic pressures continued to build: Muldoon tried to control spiraling increases in wages and inflation through a trade-off with the trade-u... | [
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projected-00308842-024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | 1981 election | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | Despite the turmoil over the Springbok Tour, Muldoon's Government won the subsequent 1981 election, held on 28 November. On the night, National won 46 seats to Labour's 44 and Social Credit's two, but a recount gave National the seat of Gisborne by 150 votes, and a majority of one. Muldoon had to be persuaded not to ma... | [] | [
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projected-00308842-025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Third term: 1981–1984 | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | Muldoon's third term was tumultuous. With a one-seat majority he faced an increasingly restless backbench who wanted the National Party to adopt a more economically liberal stance. Early in 1982 Derek Quigley, a junior minister who had been demoted for his role in the Colonel's Coup of 1980, spoke out against Think Big... | [
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projected-00308842-026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Economic recession and wage and price freeze | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | With Think Big failing to deliver on its promise, Muldoon imposed an incomes policy: a freeze on wages and most prices (items excluded included fresh meat, frozen meat, items sold at auction and "women's fashion clothing other than standard lines"), interest rates and dividends across the country in April 1982. Against... | [] | [
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projected-00308842-027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Falklands War | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | In 1982, Muldoon's government supported the British in the Falklands War. While New Zealand did not directly participate in the conflict, Muldoon undertook to send the frigates HMNZS Canterbury and HMNZS Waikato to the Indian Ocean to relieve Royal Navy frigates, so that they could in their turn deploy in the conflict.... | [] | [
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projected-00308842-028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Closer Economic Relations | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | Muldoon initiated a Closer Economic Relations (CER) free trade agreement with Australia to liberalise trade, which came into effect from New Year's Day 1982. The aim of total free trade between the two countries was achieved in 1990, five years ahead of schedule. | [
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projected-00308842-029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Nuclear ships policy and the snap election of 1984 | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | Ultimately, the end of Muldoon's government came following a late-night clash with National backbencher Marilyn Waring over highly contentious Opposition-sponsored nuclear-free New Zealand legislation, in which Waring told him she would cross the floor (giving the Opposition a victory). On 14 June 1984, a visibly drunk... | [] | [
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projected-00308842-030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Relationship with foreign leaders | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | Muldoon had several close relationships with foreign leaders, such as British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, American President Ronald Reagan, Philippine dictator Ferdinand Marcos, and Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser. These ranged from being positive to being stricken with deep animosity.
Despite both bein... | [] | [
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projected-00308842-031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Foreign exchange and constitutional crises | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | A final controversy occurred during the course of the election and transfer of government: during early 1984 Roderick Deane, then Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, became concerned that the New Zealand dollar (which had a fixed exchange-rate to the US dollar) had become significantly overvalued and wa... | [] | [
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projected-00308842-032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Honours | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | Muldoon was appointed an Additional Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour in the 1977 Queen's Silver Jubilee and Birthday Honours, and a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1984 New Year Honours. He was only the second New Zealand Prime Minister (after Sir Keith Holyoake) to rec... | [] | [
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projected-00308842-033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Later life | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | Muldoon was deposed as National leader shortly after the election by his deputy, Jim McLay. After being defeated in the ballot Muldoon was asked whether he was going to be a thorn in McLay's side, to which he replied "More like a little prick." He refused McLay's offer of a front bench post, instead opting to return to... | [] | [
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projected-00308842-034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Public image and legacy | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | Muldoon was a polarising figure while in power, and remains one to this day. During his time in power he regularly eschewed formality, which included punching political demonstrators and stripping naked at a cocktail party. Praised for his populist appeal, he shaped his reputation as a rough, tough, and thoroughly cant... | [
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projected-00308842-035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | In popular culture | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | Muldoon was frequently lampooned in the TVNZ-produced satire show McPhail & Gadsby during the 1980s.
American President Ronald Reagan would sometimes mistake the last name of Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney to be Muldoon after changes in government in both New Zealand and Canada in 1984, with many Canadian poli... | [
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projected-00308842-036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | See also | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | Electoral history of Robert Muldoon | [] | [
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"New Zealand Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St ... |
projected-00308842-039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Muldoon | Robert Muldoon | Bibliography | Sir Robert David Muldoon (; 25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.
Serving as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War, Muldoon completed his training as an accountant... | [The revised proceedings of a conference on Muldoon held at Victoria University of Wellington during 2002.]
Easton, Brian
Gustafson, Barry
Muldoon, R. D.
Muldoon. Wellington: Reed, (1977).
My Way. Wellington: Reed, (1981).
The New Zealand Economy: A Personal View. Auckland: Endeavour Press, (198... | [] | [
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projected-00308844-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangiwai%20disaster | Tangiwai disaster | Introduction | The Tangiwai disaster occurred at 10:21 p.m. on 24 December 1953 when a railway bridge over the Whangaehu River collapsed beneath an express passenger train at Tangiwai, North Island, New Zealand. The locomotive and the first six carriages derailed into the river, killing 151 people. The subsequent board of inquiry fou... | [] | [
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... | |
projected-00308844-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangiwai%20disaster | Tangiwai disaster | Bridge collapse | The Tangiwai disaster occurred at 10:21 p.m. on 24 December 1953 when a railway bridge over the Whangaehu River collapsed beneath an express passenger train at Tangiwai, North Island, New Zealand. The locomotive and the first six carriages derailed into the river, killing 151 people. The subsequent board of inquiry fou... | On 24 December 1953, the 3 p.m. express train from Wellington to Auckland consisted of a KA class steam locomotive hauling eleven carriages: five second class, four first-class, a guard's van and a postal van. With 285 passengers and crew, the train was stated by a witness—the station agent at Tangiwai railway station—... | [
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projected-00308844-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangiwai%20disaster | Tangiwai disaster | Aftermath | The Tangiwai disaster occurred at 10:21 p.m. on 24 December 1953 when a railway bridge over the Whangaehu River collapsed beneath an express passenger train at Tangiwai, North Island, New Zealand. The locomotive and the first six carriages derailed into the river, killing 151 people. The subsequent board of inquiry fou... | After the train crashed, Ellis informed the train's guard, William Inglis, of what had happened and the two entered the sixth carriage, then still balanced precariously on the bridge's edge, in an attempt to save passengers. While they were in the carriage, it tumbled off the bridge and Ellis and Inglis, with the assis... | [
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projected-00308844-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangiwai%20disaster | Tangiwai disaster | Public inquiry | The Tangiwai disaster occurred at 10:21 p.m. on 24 December 1953 when a railway bridge over the Whangaehu River collapsed beneath an express passenger train at Tangiwai, North Island, New Zealand. The locomotive and the first six carriages derailed into the river, killing 151 people. The subsequent board of inquiry fou... | A board of inquiry was appointed to look into the cause of the accident; this sat in public from 26 January until 2 April and reported on 23 April 1954. The bridge had eight piers and seven spans. After the accident, four piers had been damaged and five spans dislodged. The board found that a lahar from Mount Ruapehu h... | [] | [
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projected-00308844-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangiwai%20disaster | Tangiwai disaster | Legacy | The Tangiwai disaster occurred at 10:21 p.m. on 24 December 1953 when a railway bridge over the Whangaehu River collapsed beneath an express passenger train at Tangiwai, North Island, New Zealand. The locomotive and the first six carriages derailed into the river, killing 151 people. The subsequent board of inquiry fou... | Following the disaster, the New Zealand Railways Department installed a lahar warning system upstream in the river to alert train control to high river flows. The early warning system installed in 1999 measures the river level using radar and sends the level to the Network Control Centre at Wellington railway station v... | [
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projected-00308844-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangiwai%20disaster | Tangiwai disaster | Dramatisations | The Tangiwai disaster occurred at 10:21 p.m. on 24 December 1953 when a railway bridge over the Whangaehu River collapsed beneath an express passenger train at Tangiwai, North Island, New Zealand. The locomotive and the first six carriages derailed into the river, killing 151 people. The subsequent board of inquiry fou... | The 2002 documentary, The Truth About Tangiwai, directed by New Zealand filmmaker David Sims examines events surrounding the tragedy.
In 2011, a television film about the disaster was made by Lippy Pictures for Television New Zealand. Entitled Tangiwai: A Love Story, it follows the disaster and the love story between ... | [] | [
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projected-00308844-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangiwai%20disaster | Tangiwai disaster | Sources | The Tangiwai disaster occurred at 10:21 p.m. on 24 December 1953 when a railway bridge over the Whangaehu River collapsed beneath an express passenger train at Tangiwai, North Island, New Zealand. The locomotive and the first six carriages derailed into the river, killing 151 people. The subsequent board of inquiry fou... | Archived at archive.org. Retrieved 5 November 2012 | [] | [
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projected-00308847-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%20Dick | King Dick | Introduction | King Dick may refer to:
Richard Seddon (1845–1906), Prime Minister of New Zealand 1893–1906
King Dick (film) (), a 1973 Italian animated adult movie
Mechanics tools made by the Abingdon King Dick company | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-00308848-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Grey%20%28disambiguation%29 | George Grey (disambiguation) | Introduction | Sir George Grey (1812–1898) was the British Governor of Cape Colony, South Australia and New Zealand.
George Grey may also refer to:
George Grey, 2nd Earl of Kent (1454–1505), English nobleman and soldier
George Grey, 5th Earl of Stamford (1737–1818), British peer
George Grey, 6th Earl of Stamford (1765–1845), Bri... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-00308848-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Grey%20%28disambiguation%29 | George Grey (disambiguation) | See also | Sir George Grey (1812–1898) was the British Governor of Cape Colony, South Australia and New Zealand.
George Grey may also refer to:
George Grey, 2nd Earl of Kent (1454–1505), English nobleman and soldier
George Grey, 5th Earl of Stamford (1737–1818), British peer
George Grey, 6th Earl of Stamford (1765–1845), Bri... | George Gray (disambiguation) | [] | [
"See also"
] | [] |
projected-00308851-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Brightman | Sarah Brightman | Introduction | Sarah Brightman (born 14 August 1960) is an English classical crossover soprano singer, actress and dancer.
Brightman began her career as a member of the dance troupe Hot Gossip and released several disco singles as a solo performer. In 1981, she made her West End musical theatre debut in Cats and met composer Andrew ... | [] | [
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projected-00308851-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Brightman | Sarah Brightman | Family and early life | Sarah Brightman (born 14 August 1960) is an English classical crossover soprano singer, actress and dancer.
Brightman began her career as a member of the dance troupe Hot Gossip and released several disco singles as a solo performer. In 1981, she made her West End musical theatre debut in Cats and met composer Andrew ... | Brightman is the eldest of six children of businessman Grenville Geoffrey Brightman (1934–1992) and Paula Brightman, née Hall. Her younger siblings are Nicola, Claudia, Jay, Joel, and Amelia (aka Violet). She was brought up in Little Gaddesden near Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, England. At the age of three she began taki... | [] | [
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projected-00308851-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Brightman | Sarah Brightman | 1981–1989: Stage career | Sarah Brightman (born 14 August 1960) is an English classical crossover soprano singer, actress and dancer.
Brightman began her career as a member of the dance troupe Hot Gossip and released several disco singles as a solo performer. In 1981, she made her West End musical theatre debut in Cats and met composer Andrew ... | In 1981, Brightman auditioned for the new musical Cats, by composer Andrew Lloyd Webber, and was cast as Jemima. After a year in Cats, Brightman took over from Bonnie Langford as Kate in The Pirates of Penzance at the Drury Lane Theatre, London, and appeared as Tara Treetops in Masquerade, a musical based on Kit Willia... | [
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projected-00308851-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Brightman | Sarah Brightman | 1990s: Solo career | Sarah Brightman (born 14 August 1960) is an English classical crossover soprano singer, actress and dancer.
Brightman began her career as a member of the dance troupe Hot Gossip and released several disco singles as a solo performer. In 1981, she made her West End musical theatre debut in Cats and met composer Andrew ... | In 1992, Brightman performed with José Carreras at the Barcelona Olympic Games singing the theme song "Amigos Para Siempre" ("Friends Forever") to a worldwide audience of 3 billion people. Following the appearance, Brightman pursued solo recording, and inspired by the German band Enigma, she requested to work with one ... | [] | [
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projected-00308851-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Brightman | Sarah Brightman | 2000–2004: Further international success | Sarah Brightman (born 14 August 1960) is an English classical crossover soprano singer, actress and dancer.
Brightman began her career as a member of the dance troupe Hot Gossip and released several disco singles as a solo performer. In 1981, she made her West End musical theatre debut in Cats and met composer Andrew ... | In 2000, La Luna was released. For this album, Brightman chose songs drawing on pop, vintage jazz, and high opera, in homages to Dvořák, Beethoven and Billie Holiday. La Luna reached No. 1 on the US Billboard Top Internet Albums and peaked at No. 17 on the Billboard 200 chart, becoming Brightman's second highest-sellin... | [] | [
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projected-00308851-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Brightman | Sarah Brightman | 2006–2008: Diva, Symphony and Beijing Olympics Appearance | Sarah Brightman (born 14 August 1960) is an English classical crossover soprano singer, actress and dancer.
Brightman began her career as a member of the dance troupe Hot Gossip and released several disco singles as a solo performer. In 1981, she made her West End musical theatre debut in Cats and met composer Andrew ... | -
Duets
Andrea Bocelli – "Time to Say Goodbye", "Canto Della Terra"
Plácido Domingo – Requiem, "The Closing of the Year", "Là ci darem la mano", "Love Unspoken", "Time to Say Goodbye", "La traviata: Libiamo ne' lieti calici (Brindisi)", "Die Lustige Witwe – Lippen Schweigen", "The Phantom Of The Opera: All I Ask Of... | [
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projected-00308851-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Brightman | Sarah Brightman | Tours | Sarah Brightman (born 14 August 1960) is an English classical crossover soprano singer, actress and dancer.
Brightman began her career as a member of the dance troupe Hot Gossip and released several disco singles as a solo performer. In 1981, she made her West End musical theatre debut in Cats and met composer Andrew ... | "A Timeless Evening with Sarah Brightman" (UK and Germany) 1997
"One Night in Eden Tour" 1999 (Worldwide)
"La Luna World Tour" 2000–2001 (Worldwide)
"Harem World Tour" 2004–2005 (2004: Worldwide, 2005: Mini-Tour in Japan)
"The Symphony World Tour" 2008–2009 (Worldwide)
"Sarah Brightman in Concert" October 2009 (Latin A... | [] | [
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projected-00308851-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Brightman | Sarah Brightman | See also | Sarah Brightman (born 14 August 1960) is an English classical crossover soprano singer, actress and dancer.
Brightman began her career as a member of the dance troupe Hot Gossip and released several disco singles as a solo performer. In 1981, she made her West End musical theatre debut in Cats and met composer Andrew ... | List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart
List of Billboard number-one dance club songs | [] | [
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projected-00308854-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepparton | Shepparton | Introduction | Shepparton () (Yortayorta: Kanny-goopna) is a city located on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in northern Victoria, Australia, approximately north-northeast of Melbourne. As of June 2018 the estimated population of Shepparton, including the adjacent town of Mooroopna, was 51,631.
It began as a sheep station and ... | [] | [
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projected-00308854-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepparton | Shepparton | Toponymy | Shepparton () (Yortayorta: Kanny-goopna) is a city located on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in northern Victoria, Australia, approximately north-northeast of Melbourne. As of June 2018 the estimated population of Shepparton, including the adjacent town of Mooroopna, was 51,631.
It began as a sheep station and ... | The name of Shepparton is derived from the surname of one of the area's first European settlers, Sherbourne Sheppard, and not, as is sometimes imagined, from Shepperton, England.
The Yorta Yorta name for the area is 'Kanny-goopna' with 'goopna' meaning 'deep waterholes by which people camped'. The name for the junctio... | [] | [
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projected-00308854-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepparton | Shepparton | History | Shepparton () (Yortayorta: Kanny-goopna) is a city located on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in northern Victoria, Australia, approximately north-northeast of Melbourne. As of June 2018 the estimated population of Shepparton, including the adjacent town of Mooroopna, was 51,631.
It began as a sheep station and ... | Prior to the European settlement of Australia, the area was inhabited by the Yorta Yorta, the indigenous Australian people whose country covers the junction of the Goulburn and Murray Rivers in present-day northern Victoria and southern New South Wales. The town of Shepparton and surrounds are on the country of the Kai... | [
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projected-00308854-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepparton | Shepparton | Climate | Shepparton () (Yortayorta: Kanny-goopna) is a city located on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in northern Victoria, Australia, approximately north-northeast of Melbourne. As of June 2018 the estimated population of Shepparton, including the adjacent town of Mooroopna, was 51,631.
It began as a sheep station and ... | Shepparton has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSk) climate, with hot summers and cool winters. The hottest summer month is January, when the average maximum temperature is . In winter, the weather becomes coldest in July when the minimum averages and the maximum gets to . On 7 February 2009, ... | [] | [
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projected-00308854-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepparton | Shepparton | Central business district | Shepparton () (Yortayorta: Kanny-goopna) is a city located on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in northern Victoria, Australia, approximately north-northeast of Melbourne. As of June 2018 the estimated population of Shepparton, including the adjacent town of Mooroopna, was 51,631.
It began as a sheep station and ... | The Maude Street Mall is the city's main shopping centre, while Wyndham Street is the main civic and commercial street. Located off the Maude Street Mall is a tall communications tower, erected 1967–68, with an observation deck at accessible via a 160-step stairway. The observation deck offers views over the city and... | [
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projected-00308854-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepparton | Shepparton | Suburbs | Shepparton () (Yortayorta: Kanny-goopna) is a city located on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in northern Victoria, Australia, approximately north-northeast of Melbourne. As of June 2018 the estimated population of Shepparton, including the adjacent town of Mooroopna, was 51,631.
It began as a sheep station and ... | Shepparton has three nearby towns which could be considered suburbs. They are Mooroopna to the west, Kialla (and Kialla Lakes house and land subdivision) to the south, and Shepparton East to the east. Nearby, in the northeast, also lies the locality of Grahamvale. | [] | [
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projected-00308854-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepparton | Shepparton | Economy | Shepparton () (Yortayorta: Kanny-goopna) is a city located on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in northern Victoria, Australia, approximately north-northeast of Melbourne. As of June 2018 the estimated population of Shepparton, including the adjacent town of Mooroopna, was 51,631.
It began as a sheep station and ... | Shepparton's main industries are agriculture and associated manufacturing. Australia's largest processor of canned fruits, SPC Ardmona, has a production facility in Shepparton. Seasonal fruits, such as peaches, pears and apricots are preserved into a variety of packaging.
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projected-00308854-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepparton | Shepparton | Arts and culture | Shepparton () (Yortayorta: Kanny-goopna) is a city located on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in northern Victoria, Australia, approximately north-northeast of Melbourne. As of June 2018 the estimated population of Shepparton, including the adjacent town of Mooroopna, was 51,631.
It began as a sheep station and ... | The city hosts the Moooving Art project, which involves local artists painting fibreglass cows, which are then displayed in tourist locations throughout the city and surrounding townships. The project is an artistic representation of the strong dairy industry prevalent in the Shepparton area.
Kidstown is Located betwe... | [
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projected-00308854-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepparton | Shepparton | Academia | Shepparton () (Yortayorta: Kanny-goopna) is a city located on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in northern Victoria, Australia, approximately north-northeast of Melbourne. As of June 2018 the estimated population of Shepparton, including the adjacent town of Mooroopna, was 51,631.
It began as a sheep station and ... | Thomas Shadrach James – Linguist and herbalist
Avni Sali – Surgeon and academic | [] | [
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projected-00308854-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepparton | Shepparton | Arts and music | Shepparton () (Yortayorta: Kanny-goopna) is a city located on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in northern Victoria, Australia, approximately north-northeast of Melbourne. As of June 2018 the estimated population of Shepparton, including the adjacent town of Mooroopna, was 51,631.
It began as a sheep station and ... | Adam Briggs – Musician
Anson Cameron – Author
Adam Donovan – Musician and founder of Augie March
Joseph Furphy – Author
Amanda Garner – Ballroom dancer
Edward Harrington – Poet and author
Sir Bernard Thomas Heinze – Musician
John Longstaff – Painter
Clint Morris – Film producer
Glenn Richards – Musician and f... | [] | [
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projected-00308854-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepparton | Shepparton | Politics and business | Shepparton () (Yortayorta: Kanny-goopna) is a city located on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in northern Victoria, Australia, approximately north-northeast of Melbourne. As of June 2018 the estimated population of Shepparton, including the adjacent town of Mooroopna, was 51,631.
It began as a sheep station and ... | Douglas Alexandra – Architect
Kaye Darveniza – Politician
Damian Drum – Politician
John Furphy – Inventor of the Furphy water-cart
Don Kilgour – Politician and broadcaster
Wendy Lovell – Politician
Jeanette Powell – Politician
Richard Pratt – Businessman
John Richardson – Politician and author
Suzanna Sheed –... | [] | [
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projected-00308854-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepparton | Shepparton | Sport | Shepparton () (Yortayorta: Kanny-goopna) is a city located on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in northern Victoria, Australia, approximately north-northeast of Melbourne. As of June 2018 the estimated population of Shepparton, including the adjacent town of Mooroopna, was 51,631.
It began as a sheep station and ... | Michael Barlow – Australian rules footballer
Alou Kuol – Footballer for VfB Stuttgart
Aiden Blizzard – Cricketer
Marc Bullen – Australian rules footballer
Will Brodie – Australian rules footballer
Shannon Byrnes – Australian rules footballer
Max Carlos – Boxer
Justin Davies – Australian rules footballer
Louise Do... | [] | [
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projected-00308854-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepparton | Shepparton | Clubs and associations | Shepparton () (Yortayorta: Kanny-goopna) is a city located on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in northern Victoria, Australia, approximately north-northeast of Melbourne. As of June 2018 the estimated population of Shepparton, including the adjacent town of Mooroopna, was 51,631.
It began as a sheep station and ... | Shepparton Toastmasters (public speaking)
Goulburn Valley Chinese Association (social connection) | [] | [
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"Towns in Goulburn Valley",
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projected-00308854-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepparton | Shepparton | See also | Shepparton () (Yortayorta: Kanny-goopna) is a city located on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in northern Victoria, Australia, approximately north-northeast of Melbourne. As of June 2018 the estimated population of Shepparton, including the adjacent town of Mooroopna, was 51,631.
It began as a sheep station and ... | Electoral district of Shepparton | [] | [
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] | [
"Cities in Victoria (Australia)",
"Towns in Goulburn Valley",
"City of Greater Shepparton",
"Shepparton",
"1860 establishments in Australia",
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projected-00308856-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%282004%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (2004 film) | Introduction | The Phantom of the Opera is a 2004 musical romantic drama film based on Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical of the same name, which in turn is based on the 1910 French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux. Produced and co-written by Lloyd Webber and directed by Joel Schumacher, it stars Gerard Butler in the titl... | [] | [
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projected-00308856-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%282004%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (2004 film) | Plot | The Phantom of the Opera is a 2004 musical romantic drama film based on Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical of the same name, which in turn is based on the 1910 French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux. Produced and co-written by Lloyd Webber and directed by Joel Schumacher, it stars Gerard Butler in the titl... | In 1919, in Paris, a public auction is held to clear a dilapidated opera house's vaults. The elderly Viscount Raoul de Chagny bids against Madame Giry, the retired ballet instructor of the theatre, for a papier-mâché music box shaped like a barrel organ with the figure of a cymbal-playing monkey attached to it. The auc... | [] | [
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projected-00308856-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%282004%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (2004 film) | Cast | The Phantom of the Opera is a 2004 musical romantic drama film based on Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical of the same name, which in turn is based on the 1910 French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux. Produced and co-written by Lloyd Webber and directed by Joel Schumacher, it stars Gerard Butler in the titl... | Gerard Butler as The Phantom
Emmy Rossum as Christine Daaé
Patrick Wilson as Raoul de Chagny
Miranda Richardson as Madame Giry
Minnie Driver as Carlotta Giudicelli
Margaret Preece as Carlotta's singing voice except for "Learn to Be Lonely"
Simon Callow as Gilles André
Ciarán Hinds as Richard Firmin
Victor McGu... | [] | [
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projected-00308856-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%282004%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (2004 film) | Development | The Phantom of the Opera is a 2004 musical romantic drama film based on Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical of the same name, which in turn is based on the 1910 French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux. Produced and co-written by Lloyd Webber and directed by Joel Schumacher, it stars Gerard Butler in the titl... | Warner Bros. purchased the film rights to The Phantom of the Opera in early 1989, granting Andrew Lloyd Webber total artistic control. Despite interest from A-list directors, Lloyd Webber and Warner Bros. instantly hired Joel Schumacher to direct; Lloyd Webber had been impressed with Schumacher's use of music in The Lo... | [] | [
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projected-00308856-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%282004%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (2004 film) | Casting | The Phantom of the Opera is a 2004 musical romantic drama film based on Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical of the same name, which in turn is based on the 1910 French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux. Produced and co-written by Lloyd Webber and directed by Joel Schumacher, it stars Gerard Butler in the titl... | Hugh Jackman was originally cast for the role of Phantom, but he faced scheduling conflicts with Van Helsing. "They rang to ask about my availability", Jackman explained in an April 2003 interview, "probably about 20 other actors as well. I wasn't available, unfortunately. So, that was a bummer." "We needed somebody wh... | [] | [
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projected-00308856-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%282004%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (2004 film) | Filming | The Phantom of the Opera is a 2004 musical romantic drama film based on Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical of the same name, which in turn is based on the 1910 French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux. Produced and co-written by Lloyd Webber and directed by Joel Schumacher, it stars Gerard Butler in the titl... | Principal photography lasted from 15 September 2003 to 15 January 2004. The film was shot entirely using eight sound stages at Pinewood Studios, where, on the Pinewood backlot, the bottom half exterior of the opera was constructed. The top half was implemented using a combination of computer-generated imagery (CGI) and... | [] | [
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projected-00308856-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%282004%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (2004 film) | Release | The Phantom of the Opera is a 2004 musical romantic drama film based on Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical of the same name, which in turn is based on the 1910 French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux. Produced and co-written by Lloyd Webber and directed by Joel Schumacher, it stars Gerard Butler in the titl... | The Phantom of the Opera was released in the United Kingdom on 10 December 2004 and the United States on 22 December 2004. With a limited release of 622 theaters, it opened at tenth place at the weekend box office, grossing $6.5 million across five days. After expanding to 907 screens on 14 January 2005 the film obtain... | [] | [
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projected-00308856-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%282004%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (2004 film) | Accolades | The Phantom of the Opera is a 2004 musical romantic drama film based on Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical of the same name, which in turn is based on the 1910 French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux. Produced and co-written by Lloyd Webber and directed by Joel Schumacher, it stars Gerard Butler in the titl... | Anthony Pratt and Celia Bobak were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Art Direction, as was John Mathieson for Best Cinematography. However, both categories were awarded to The Aviator. Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyricist Charles Hart were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song ("Learn to Be Lonely")... | [] | [
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projected-00308856-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%282004%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (2004 film) | Home media | The Phantom of the Opera is a 2004 musical romantic drama film based on Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical of the same name, which in turn is based on the 1910 French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux. Produced and co-written by Lloyd Webber and directed by Joel Schumacher, it stars Gerard Butler in the titl... | The soundtrack of the film was released in two separate CD formats on November 23, 2004 as a two-disc deluxe edition which includes dialogue from the film and a single-disc highlights edition.
The film had its initial North America video release on DVD and VHS on 3 May 2005 followed by its first digital release on HD-... | [] | [
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projected-00308856-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%282004%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (2004 film) | Critical reception | The Phantom of the Opera is a 2004 musical romantic drama film based on Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical of the same name, which in turn is based on the 1910 French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux. Produced and co-written by Lloyd Webber and directed by Joel Schumacher, it stars Gerard Butler in the titl... | On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 33%, based on reviews from 171 critics, with an average score of 5.01/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "The music of the night has hit something of a sour note: critics are calling the screen adaptation of Andrew Lloyd Webber's... | [] | [
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projected-00308856-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%282004%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (2004 film) | See also | The Phantom of the Opera is a 2004 musical romantic drama film based on Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical of the same name, which in turn is based on the 1910 French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux. Produced and co-written by Lloyd Webber and directed by Joel Schumacher, it stars Gerard Butler in the titl... | The Phantom of the Opera (2004 soundtrack) | [] | [
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"British romantic drama films",
"Films about opera",
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"Films based on The Phantom of the Opera",
"Films directed by Jo... |
projected-00308864-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Taranto | Battle of Taranto | Introduction | The Battle of Taranto took place on the night of 11–12 November 1940 during the Second World War between British naval forces, under Admiral Andrew Cunningham, and Italian naval forces, under Admiral Inigo Campioni. The Royal Navy launched the first all-aircraft ship-to-ship naval attack in history, employing 21 Fairey... | [] | [
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projected-00308864-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Taranto | Battle of Taranto | Origins | The Battle of Taranto took place on the night of 11–12 November 1940 during the Second World War between British naval forces, under Admiral Andrew Cunningham, and Italian naval forces, under Admiral Inigo Campioni. The Royal Navy launched the first all-aircraft ship-to-ship naval attack in history, employing 21 Fairey... | Since long before the First World War, the Italian Regia Marinas First Squadron had been based at Taranto, a port-city on Italy's south-east coast. In the inter-war period, the British Royal Navy developed plans to counter the Italian navy in the event of a war in the Mediterranean. Plans for the capture of the port at... | [
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projected-00308864-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Taranto | Battle of Taranto | Attack | The Battle of Taranto took place on the night of 11–12 November 1940 during the Second World War between British naval forces, under Admiral Andrew Cunningham, and Italian naval forces, under Admiral Inigo Campioni. The Royal Navy launched the first all-aircraft ship-to-ship naval attack in history, employing 21 Fairey... | The first wave of 12 aircraft, led by Lieutenant Commander Kenneth "Hooch" Williamson RN of 815 Squadron, left Illustrious just before 21:00 hours on 11 November 1940, followed by a second wave of nine about 90 minutes later. Of the second wave, one aircraft turned back as its auxiliary fuel tank detached from the airc... | [
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projected-00308864-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Taranto | Battle of Taranto | Aftermath | The Battle of Taranto took place on the night of 11–12 November 1940 during the Second World War between British naval forces, under Admiral Andrew Cunningham, and Italian naval forces, under Admiral Inigo Campioni. The Royal Navy launched the first all-aircraft ship-to-ship naval attack in history, employing 21 Fairey... | The Italian fleet lost half of its capital ships in one night; the next day, the Regia Marina transferred its undamaged ships from Taranto to Naples to protect them from similar attacks, until the defences at Taranto (mainly the anti-torpedo nets) were brought up to adequate levels to protect them from further attacks ... | [] | [
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projected-00308864-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Taranto | Battle of Taranto | Influence on Pearl Harbor | The Battle of Taranto took place on the night of 11–12 November 1940 during the Second World War between British naval forces, under Admiral Andrew Cunningham, and Italian naval forces, under Admiral Inigo Campioni. The Royal Navy launched the first all-aircraft ship-to-ship naval attack in history, employing 21 Fairey... | It is likely the Imperial Japanese Navy's staff carefully studied the Taranto raid during planning for the attack on Pearl Harbor, as both attacks faced similar issues attacking a shallow harbour. Japanese Lieutenant Commander Takeshi Naito, the assistant naval attaché to Berlin, flew to Taranto to investigate the atta... | [] | [
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projected-00308864-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Taranto | Battle of Taranto | References | The Battle of Taranto took place on the night of 11–12 November 1940 during the Second World War between British naval forces, under Admiral Andrew Cunningham, and Italian naval forces, under Admiral Inigo Campioni. The Royal Navy launched the first all-aircraft ship-to-ship naval attack in history, employing 21 Fairey... | Bragadin, A, Italian Navy in World War II, 1st Ed, US Naval Institute, Annapolis, 1957.
Caravaggio, A.N, Lieutenant Colonel, 'The Attack at Taranto: Tactical Success, Operational Failure', Naval War College Review, 1997.
Carlo Stasi, Otranto e l'Inghilterra (episodi bellici in Puglia e nel Salento), in Note di Sto... | [] | [
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"Naval battles and operations of the European theatre of World War II",
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projected-00308864-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Taranto | Battle of Taranto | Further reading | The Battle of Taranto took place on the night of 11–12 November 1940 during the Second World War between British naval forces, under Admiral Andrew Cunningham, and Italian naval forces, under Admiral Inigo Campioni. The Royal Navy launched the first all-aircraft ship-to-ship naval attack in history, employing 21 Fairey... | Lamb, Charles To War in a Stringbag. Cassell and Collier Macmillan (1977)
Lowry, Thomas P. & Wellham, John W.G. The Attack on Taranto: Blueprint for Pearl Harbor. Stackpole Books (1995)
O'Connor, Christopher Patrick Taranto: The Raid, The Observer, The Aftermath. Dog Ear Publishing (2010)
Konstam, Angus Taranto 1... | [] | [
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"Naval battles and operations of the European theatre of World War II",
"Allied naval victories in the battle of the Mediterranean",
"Naval aviation operations and battles",
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projected-00308865-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer%20backbone | Polymer backbone | Introduction | In polymer science, the polymer chain or simply backbone of a polymer is the main chain of a polymer. Polymers are often classified according to the elements in the main chains. The character of the backbone, i.e. its flexibility, determines the properties of the polymer (such as the glass transition temperature). For ... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Organic chemistry"
] | |
projected-00308865-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer%20backbone | Polymer backbone | Organic polymers | In polymer science, the polymer chain or simply backbone of a polymer is the main chain of a polymer. Polymers are often classified according to the elements in the main chains. The character of the backbone, i.e. its flexibility, determines the properties of the polymer (such as the glass transition temperature). For ... | Common synthetic polymers have main chains composed of carbon, i.e. C-C-C-C.... Examples include polyolefins such as polyethylene ((CH2CH2)n) and many substituted derivative ((CH2CH(R))n) such as polystyrene (R = C6H5), polypropylene (R = CH3), and acrylates (R = CO2R').
Other major classes of organic polymers are po... | [
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projected-00308865-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer%20backbone | Polymer backbone | Inorganic polymers | In polymer science, the polymer chain or simply backbone of a polymer is the main chain of a polymer. Polymers are often classified according to the elements in the main chains. The character of the backbone, i.e. its flexibility, determines the properties of the polymer (such as the glass transition temperature). For ... | Siloxanes are a premier example of an inorganic polymer, even though they have extensive organic substituents. Their backbond is composed of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, i.e. Si-O-Si-O... The silicon atoms bear two substituents, usually methyl as in the case of polydimethylsiloxane. Some uncommon but illust... | [
"PmdsStructure.png"
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"Inorganic polymers"
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projected-00308865-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer%20backbone | Polymer backbone | Biopolymers | In polymer science, the polymer chain or simply backbone of a polymer is the main chain of a polymer. Polymers are often classified according to the elements in the main chains. The character of the backbone, i.e. its flexibility, determines the properties of the polymer (such as the glass transition temperature). For ... | Major families of biopolymers are polysaccharides (carbohydrates), peptides, and polynucleotides. Many variants of each are known. | [] | [
"Biopolymers"
] | [
"Organic chemistry"
] |
projected-00308865-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer%20backbone | Polymer backbone | Proteins and peptides | In polymer science, the polymer chain or simply backbone of a polymer is the main chain of a polymer. Polymers are often classified according to the elements in the main chains. The character of the backbone, i.e. its flexibility, determines the properties of the polymer (such as the glass transition temperature). For ... | Proteins are characterized by amide linkages (-N(H)-C(O)-) formed by the condensation of amino acids. The sequence of the amino acids in the polypeptide backbone is known as the primary structure of the protein. Like almost all polymers, protein fold and twist, forming into the secondary structure, which is rigidified ... | [
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"Biopolymers",
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projected-00308865-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer%20backbone | Polymer backbone | Carbohydrates | In polymer science, the polymer chain or simply backbone of a polymer is the main chain of a polymer. Polymers are often classified according to the elements in the main chains. The character of the backbone, i.e. its flexibility, determines the properties of the polymer (such as the glass transition temperature). For ... | Carbohydrates arise by condensation of monosaccharides such as glucose. The polymers can be classified into oligosaccharides (up to 10 residues) and polysaccharides (up to about 50,000 residues). The backbone chain is characterized by an ether bond between individual monosaccharides. This bond is called the glycosidic... | [] | [
"Biopolymers",
"Carbohydrates"
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"Organic chemistry"
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projected-00308865-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer%20backbone | Polymer backbone | Nucleic Acids | In polymer science, the polymer chain or simply backbone of a polymer is the main chain of a polymer. Polymers are often classified according to the elements in the main chains. The character of the backbone, i.e. its flexibility, determines the properties of the polymer (such as the glass transition temperature). For ... | Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are the main examples of polynucleotides. They arise by condensation of nucleotides. Their backbones form by the condensation of a hydroxy group on a ribose with the phosphate group on another ribose. This linkage is called a phosphodiester bond. The condensation i... | [
"DNA condensation.svg"
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"Biopolymers",
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projected-00308865-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer%20backbone | Polymer backbone | See also | In polymer science, the polymer chain or simply backbone of a polymer is the main chain of a polymer. Polymers are often classified according to the elements in the main chains. The character of the backbone, i.e. its flexibility, determines the properties of the polymer (such as the glass transition temperature). For ... | Pendant group
Peptide
Category:Organic chemistry | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Organic chemistry"
] |
projected-00308866-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notoryctidae | Notoryctidae | Introduction | Notoryctidae is a family of mammals, allying several extant and fossil species of Australia.
The group appear to have diverged from other marsupials at an early stage and are highly specialised to foraging through loose sand; the unusual features have seen the unique family placed in the taxonomic order Notoryctemorph... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Notoryctidae",
"Taxa named by James Douglas Ogilby",
"Mammal families"
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projected-00308866-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notoryctidae | Notoryctidae | References | Notoryctidae is a family of mammals, allying several extant and fossil species of Australia.
The group appear to have diverged from other marsupials at an early stage and are highly specialised to foraging through loose sand; the unusual features have seen the unique family placed in the taxonomic order Notoryctemorph... | Category:Taxa named by James Douglas Ogilby
Category:Mammal families | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Notoryctidae",
"Taxa named by James Douglas Ogilby",
"Mammal families"
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projected-00308868-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition%20Universelle%20%281900%29 | Exposition Universelle (1900) | Introduction | The Exposition Universelle of 1900, better known in English as the 1900 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next. It was held at the esplanade of Les Invalides, the Champ d... | [] | [
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projected-00308868-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition%20Universelle%20%281900%29 | Exposition Universelle (1900) | Organization | The Exposition Universelle of 1900, better known in English as the 1900 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next. It was held at the esplanade of Les Invalides, the Champ d... | The first international exposition was held in London in 1851. The French Emperor Napoleon III attended and was deeply impressed. He commissioned the first Paris Universal Exposition of 1855. Its purpose was to promote French commerce, technology and culture. It was followed by another in 1867, and, after the Emperor's... | [] | [
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projected-00308868-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition%20Universelle%20%281900%29 | Exposition Universelle (1900) | Participating Nations | The Exposition Universelle of 1900, better known in English as the 1900 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next. It was held at the esplanade of Les Invalides, the Champ d... | Countries from around the world were invited by France to showcase their achievements and cultures. Of the fifty-six countries invited to participate with official representation, forty accepted, plus an additional number of colonies and protectorates of France, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and Portugal.
Austria, B... | [] | [
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projected-00308868-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition%20Universelle%20%281900%29 | Exposition Universelle (1900) | Exposition Site | The Exposition Universelle of 1900, better known in English as the 1900 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next. It was held at the esplanade of Les Invalides, the Champ d... | The site of the Exposition covered along the left and right banks of the Seine from the esplanade of Les Invalides to the Eiffel Tower (built for the 1889 Exposition) at the Champ de Mars. It also included the Grand Palais and Petit Palais on the right bank. An additional section of for agricultural exhibits and othe... | [] | [
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projected-00308868-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition%20Universelle%20%281900%29 | Exposition Universelle (1900) | The Porte Monumentale | The Exposition Universelle of 1900, better known in English as the 1900 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next. It was held at the esplanade of Les Invalides, the Champ d... | The Porte Monumentale de Paris, located on the Place de la Concorde, was the main entrance of the Exposition. The architect of the monument overall was René Binet, although many others contributed to the constituent parts. His overall design was inspired by the biological studies of Ernst Haeckel. It was composed of to... | [] | [
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projected-00308868-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition%20Universelle%20%281900%29 | Exposition Universelle (1900) | The Pont Alexandre III | The Exposition Universelle of 1900, better known in English as the 1900 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next. It was held at the esplanade of Les Invalides, the Champ d... | The Pont Alexandre III was an essential link of the Exposition, connecting the pavilions and palaces on the left and right banks of the Seine. It was named after Czar Alexander III of Russia, who had died in 1894, and celebrated the recent alliance between France and Russia. The foundation stone was laid by his son, Cz... | [] | [
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projected-00308868-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition%20Universelle%20%281900%29 | Exposition Universelle (1900) | Thematic pavilions | The Exposition Universelle of 1900, better known in English as the 1900 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next. It was held at the esplanade of Les Invalides, the Champ d... | To house the industrial, commercial, scientific, technological and cultural exhibitions, the French organization built huge thematic pavilions on the esplanade of Les Invalides and the Champ de Mars and reused the Galerie des machines from the 1889 Exposition. On the other bank of the Seine, they built the Grand Palais... | [] | [
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projected-00308868-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition%20Universelle%20%281900%29 | Exposition Universelle (1900) | The Palaces of Optics, Illusions and Aquarium | The Exposition Universelle of 1900, better known in English as the 1900 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next. It was held at the esplanade of Les Invalides, the Champ d... | Twenty-one of the thirty-three official pavilions were devoted to technology and the sciences. Among the most popular was the Palace of Optics, whose main attractions included the Great Paris Exposition Telescope, which enlarged the image of the moon ten thousand times. The image was projected on a screen in size, in ... | [] | [
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projected-00308868-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition%20Universelle%20%281900%29 | Exposition Universelle (1900) | The Palace of Electricity and the Water Castle | The Exposition Universelle of 1900, better known in English as the 1900 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next. It was held at the esplanade of Les Invalides, the Champ d... | The Palace of Electricity and the adjoining Water Castle (Chateau d'Eau), designed by architects Eugène Hénard and Edmond Paulin, were among the most popular sights. The Palace of Electricity was built partly incorporating architectural elements of the old Palace of the Champ de Mars from the 1889 Exposition. The Palac... | [] | [
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projected-00308868-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition%20Universelle%20%281900%29 | Exposition Universelle (1900) | The Grand Palais and Petit Palais | The Exposition Universelle of 1900, better known in English as the 1900 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next. It was held at the esplanade of Les Invalides, the Champ d... | The Grand Palais, officially the Grand Palais des beaux-arts et des arts decoratifs, was built on the right bank upon the site of the Palace of Industry of the 1855 Exposition. It was the work of two architects, Henri Deglane for the main body of the building, and Albert Thomas for the west wing, or Palais d'Antin. The... | [] | [
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projected-00308868-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition%20Universelle%20%281900%29 | Exposition Universelle (1900) | The Palaces of Industry, Decoration and Agriculture | The Exposition Universelle of 1900, better known in English as the 1900 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next. It was held at the esplanade of Les Invalides, the Champ d... | The industrial and commercial exhibits were located inside several large palaces on the esplanade between les Invalides and the Alexander III Bridge. One of the largest and most ornate was the Palais des Manufactures Nationale, whose facade included a colorful ceramic gateway, designed by sculptor Jules Coutan and arch... | [] | [
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projected-00308868-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition%20Universelle%20%281900%29 | Exposition Universelle (1900) | National pavilions | The Exposition Universelle of 1900, better known in English as the 1900 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next. It was held at the esplanade of Les Invalides, the Champ d... | Fifty-six countries were invited to the Exposition, and forty accepted. The Rue des Nations was created along the banks of the Seine between the esplanade of Les Invalides and the Champ de Mars for the national pavilions of the larger countries. Each country paid for its own pavilion. The pavilions were all temporary, ... | [] | [
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