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text_id stringlengths 22 22 | page_url stringlengths 31 389 | page_title stringlengths 1 250 | section_title stringlengths 0 4.67k | context_page_description stringlengths 0 108k | context_section_description stringlengths 1 187k | media list | hierachy list | category list |
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projected-00308906-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanoid | Humanoid | See also | A humanoid (; from English human and -oid "resembling") is a non-human entity with human form or characteristics. The earliest recorded use of the term, in 1870, referred to indigenous peoples in areas colonized by Europeans. By the 20th century, the term came to describe fossils which were morphologically similar, but... | Primate
Anthropomorphism
Hominid (term)
Human disguise
Panspermia
Race (fantasy)
Robotics
Lists
Lists of humanoids
List of avian humanoids
List of piscine and amphibian humanoids
List of reptilian humanoids
List of humanoid aliens | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Humanoids",
"1870s neologisms"
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projected-00308909-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible%20hand | Invisible hand | Introduction | The invisible hand is a metaphor used by the British moral philosopher Adam Smith for his theorized social mechanism according to which within the free markets the domestic bourgeoisie invest in their home country, even if it is not the most profitable, guided by the "invisible hand" that drives the public interest. In... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Adam Smith",
"Classical liberalism",
"Free market"
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projected-00308909-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible%20hand | Invisible hand | Medieval Islamic World | The invisible hand is a metaphor used by the British moral philosopher Adam Smith for his theorized social mechanism according to which within the free markets the domestic bourgeoisie invest in their home country, even if it is not the most profitable, guided by the "invisible hand" that drives the public interest. In... | Some see an early reference to the concept of the invisible hand in 7th century Arabia where the Islamic prophet Muhammad, when asked by a merchant to fix prices of goods whose prices have shot up, Muhammad responds "It is but Allah [God] Who makes the prices low and high.", in other Hadith it is worded "Allah [God] is... | [] | [
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projected-00308909-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible%20hand | Invisible hand | Anders Chydenius | The invisible hand is a metaphor used by the British moral philosopher Adam Smith for his theorized social mechanism according to which within the free markets the domestic bourgeoisie invest in their home country, even if it is not the most profitable, guided by the "invisible hand" that drives the public interest. In... | The Swedish-Finnish scientist, philosopher and politician Anders Chydenius published his work The National Gain in 1765. In it he lays down the principles of liberalism and the free markets – for example, free trade and industry, and he also describes what Adam Smith later dubs the Invisible hand. For instance, Chydeni... | [] | [
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projected-00308909-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible%20hand | Invisible hand | The Theory of Moral Sentiments | The invisible hand is a metaphor used by the British moral philosopher Adam Smith for his theorized social mechanism according to which within the free markets the domestic bourgeoisie invest in their home country, even if it is not the most profitable, guided by the "invisible hand" that drives the public interest. In... | The first appearance in the Western world of the invisible hand in Smith occurs in The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) in Part IV, Chapter 1, where he describes a selfish landlord as being led by an invisible hand to distribute his harvest to those who work for him:
Far from extolling the virtues of the "invisible h... | [] | [
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projected-00308909-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible%20hand | Invisible hand | The Wealth of Nations | The invisible hand is a metaphor used by the British moral philosopher Adam Smith for his theorized social mechanism according to which within the free markets the domestic bourgeoisie invest in their home country, even if it is not the most profitable, guided by the "invisible hand" that drives the public interest. In... | Adam Smith uses the metaphor in Book IV, Chapter II, paragraph IX of The Wealth of Nations.
Thus the meaning of the invisible hand is not what is usually thought; an individual blindly acting in his own self-interest promoting the universal good is not quite what is meant. Smith was concentrating on how an individual ... | [] | [
"Adam Smith",
"The Wealth of Nations"
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projected-00308909-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible%20hand | Invisible hand | Other uses of the phrase by Smith | The invisible hand is a metaphor used by the British moral philosopher Adam Smith for his theorized social mechanism according to which within the free markets the domestic bourgeoisie invest in their home country, even if it is not the most profitable, guided by the "invisible hand" that drives the public interest. In... | Only in The History of Astronomy (written before 1758) Smith speaks of the invisible hand, to which ignorants refer to explain natural phenomena otherwise unexplainable:
In The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) and in The Wealth of Nations (1776) Adam Smith speaks of an invisible hand, never of the invisible hand. In ... | [] | [
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projected-00308909-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible%20hand | Invisible hand | Economists' interpretation | The invisible hand is a metaphor used by the British moral philosopher Adam Smith for his theorized social mechanism according to which within the free markets the domestic bourgeoisie invest in their home country, even if it is not the most profitable, guided by the "invisible hand" that drives the public interest. In... | The concept of the "invisible hand" is nearly always generalized beyond Smith's original uses. The phrase was not popular among economists before the twentieth century; Alfred Marshall never used it in his Principles of Economics textbook and neither does William Stanley Jevons in his Theory of Political Economy. Paul ... | [] | [
"Economists' interpretation"
] | [
"Adam Smith",
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projected-00308909-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible%20hand | Invisible hand | Understood as a metaphor | The invisible hand is a metaphor used by the British moral philosopher Adam Smith for his theorized social mechanism according to which within the free markets the domestic bourgeoisie invest in their home country, even if it is not the most profitable, guided by the "invisible hand" that drives the public interest. In... | Smith uses the metaphor in the context of an argument against protectionism and government regulation of markets, but it is based on very broad principles developed by Bernard Mandeville, Bishop Butler, Lord Shaftesbury, and Francis Hutcheson. In general, the term "invisible hand" can apply to any individual action tha... | [] | [
"Understood as a metaphor"
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"Adam Smith",
"Classical liberalism",
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projected-00308909-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible%20hand | Invisible hand | Tawney's interpretation | The invisible hand is a metaphor used by the British moral philosopher Adam Smith for his theorized social mechanism according to which within the free markets the domestic bourgeoisie invest in their home country, even if it is not the most profitable, guided by the "invisible hand" that drives the public interest. In... | Christian socialist R. H. Tawney saw Smith as putting a name on an older idea: | [] | [
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projected-00308909-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible%20hand | Invisible hand | Joseph E. Stiglitz | The invisible hand is a metaphor used by the British moral philosopher Adam Smith for his theorized social mechanism according to which within the free markets the domestic bourgeoisie invest in their home country, even if it is not the most profitable, guided by the "invisible hand" that drives the public interest. In... | }
Noam Chomsky
Noam Chomsky suggests that Smith (and more specifically David Ricardo) sometimes used the phrase to refer to a "home bias" for investing domestically in opposition to offshore outsourcing production and neoliberalism.
Stephen LeRoy
Stephen LeRoy, professor emeritus at the University of California, San... | [] | [
"Criticisms",
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projected-00308913-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stars%20and%20Stripes%20Forever%20%28disambiguation%29 | Stars and Stripes Forever (disambiguation) | Introduction | "The Stars and Stripes Forever" is a march by American composer John Philip Sousa.
Stars and Stripes Forever may also refer to:
Stars and Stripes Forever (film), a 1952 biopic about John Philip Sousa, starring Clifton Webb, Debra Paget, Robert Wagner, and Ruth Hussey
Stars and Stripes Forever, a 1998 science fictio... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-00308913-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stars%20and%20Stripes%20Forever%20%28disambiguation%29 | Stars and Stripes Forever (disambiguation) | See also | "The Stars and Stripes Forever" is a march by American composer John Philip Sousa.
Stars and Stripes Forever may also refer to:
Stars and Stripes Forever (film), a 1952 biopic about John Philip Sousa, starring Clifton Webb, Debra Paget, Robert Wagner, and Ruth Hussey
Stars and Stripes Forever, a 1998 science fictio... | Stars & Stripes (disambiguation) | [] | [
"See also"
] | [] |
projected-00308915-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infiniti | Infiniti | Introduction | is the luxury vehicle division of the Japanese automaker Nissan. Infiniti officially started selling vehicles on November 8, 1989, in North America. The marketing network for Infiniti-branded vehicles included dealers in over 50 countries in the 2010s. As of 2020, there were 25 markets served by new car dealers. The ma... | [
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projected-00308915-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infiniti | Infiniti | The beginning | is the luxury vehicle division of the Japanese automaker Nissan. Infiniti officially started selling vehicles on November 8, 1989, in North America. The marketing network for Infiniti-branded vehicles included dealers in over 50 countries in the 2010s. As of 2020, there were 25 markets served by new car dealers. The ma... | The Infiniti brand was introduced in the United States in 1989 to target the premium vehicle segments in the United States that would not have otherwise fit in with Nissan's more mainstream image, and partially influenced by the Plaza Accord of 1985. The brand was created around the same time that Japanese rivals Toyot... | [
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projected-00308915-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infiniti | Infiniti | 1990s | is the luxury vehicle division of the Japanese automaker Nissan. Infiniti officially started selling vehicles on November 8, 1989, in North America. The marketing network for Infiniti-branded vehicles included dealers in over 50 countries in the 2010s. As of 2020, there were 25 markets served by new car dealers. The ma... | In September 1990, Infiniti introduced a third model, the Infiniti G20, derived from the compact and European-focused Nissan Primera.
In 1992 for the 1993 model year, Infiniti introduced a four-door coupé J30 with only one engine option, the VG30DE. This engine was from the 300ZX, the JDM Nissan Cedric, Nissan Glori... | [
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projected-00308915-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infiniti | Infiniti | 2000s | is the luxury vehicle division of the Japanese automaker Nissan. Infiniti officially started selling vehicles on November 8, 1989, in North America. The marketing network for Infiniti-branded vehicles included dealers in over 50 countries in the 2010s. As of 2020, there were 25 markets served by new car dealers. The ma... | By 2000, large Japanese companies were feeling the effect of the Japanese asset price bubble, and the reduced desirability of Infiniti's led to its facing extinction. The company rededicated itself to developing a dynamic and powerful line-up of sporty luxury cars. This coincided with parent company Nissan entering int... | [
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projected-00308915-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infiniti | Infiniti | 2010s | is the luxury vehicle division of the Japanese automaker Nissan. Infiniti officially started selling vehicles on November 8, 1989, in North America. The marketing network for Infiniti-branded vehicles included dealers in over 50 countries in the 2010s. As of 2020, there were 25 markets served by new car dealers. The ma... | Carlos Ghosn unveiled the Infiniti M at a hotel in Los Angeles. It shares the VQ37VHR from the Infiniti G, and Nissan 370Z. Featured are new powertrains: the 5.6 L V8 (VK56VD) with VVEL, Gasoline direct injection, the Nissan-Renault V9X Engine V6 Turbo Diesel (only for Europe), and the newly developed hybrid that inclu... | [
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projected-00308915-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infiniti | Infiniti | Models | is the luxury vehicle division of the Japanese automaker Nissan. Infiniti officially started selling vehicles on November 8, 1989, in North America. The marketing network for Infiniti-branded vehicles included dealers in over 50 countries in the 2010s. As of 2020, there were 25 markets served by new car dealers. The ma... | Infiniti's former model name designation included one letter for coupés and sedans, two letters for SUVs, and a number reflecting engine displacement. For example, the QX56 was an SUV featuring a 5.6L engine. An exception to this was the QX4 SUV, which featured a 3.3L engine (1996–2000) and later a 3.5L engine (2000–20... | [] | [
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projected-00308915-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infiniti | Infiniti | Concept vehicles | is the luxury vehicle division of the Japanese automaker Nissan. Infiniti officially started selling vehicles on November 8, 1989, in North America. The marketing network for Infiniti-branded vehicles included dealers in over 50 countries in the 2010s. As of 2020, there were 25 markets served by new car dealers. The ma... | Infiniti FX45 Concept (2001, 2002)
Infiniti Triant (2003)
Infiniti Kuraza (2005)
Infiniti Coupe (2006)
Infiniti EX Concept (2007)
Infiniti Essence (2009)
Infiniti Etherea (2011)
Infiniti Emerg-e (2012)
Infiniti Q30 Concept (2013)
Infiniti Q50 Eau Rouge (2014)
Infiniti Q80 Inspiration (2014)
Infiniti QX Sport Inspiratio... | [
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projected-00308915-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infiniti | Infiniti | Infiniti Performance Line | is the luxury vehicle division of the Japanese automaker Nissan. Infiniti officially started selling vehicles on November 8, 1989, in North America. The marketing network for Infiniti-branded vehicles included dealers in over 50 countries in the 2010s. As of 2020, there were 25 markets served by new car dealers. The ma... | In August 2010, Infiniti unveiled its new performance marque named Infiniti Performance Line, or IPL. | [] | [
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projected-00308915-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infiniti | Infiniti | Motorsports | is the luxury vehicle division of the Japanese automaker Nissan. Infiniti officially started selling vehicles on November 8, 1989, in North America. The marketing network for Infiniti-branded vehicles included dealers in over 50 countries in the 2010s. As of 2020, there were 25 markets served by new car dealers. The ma... | In 1996, Nissan launched an effort to compete in the Indy Racing League with the Infiniti brand. The engine chosen for the Indy cars was a racing variant of the VH engine used in the production Q45s. Eddie Cheever resulted third in the 2000 season. The IRL program was quietly wrapped after the 2002 season after a few w... | [
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projected-00308918-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtala%20Muhammed | Murtala Muhammed | Introduction | Murtala Ramat Muhammad (8 November 1938 – 13 February 1976) was a Nigerian general who led the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup in overthrowing the Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi military regime and featured prominently during the Nigerian Civil War and thereafter ruled over Nigeria from 30 July 1975 until his assassination on 13 Fe... | [] | [
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"Participants in the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup",... | |
projected-00308918-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtala%20Muhammed | Murtala Muhammed | Early life | Murtala Ramat Muhammad (8 November 1938 – 13 February 1976) was a Nigerian general who led the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup in overthrowing the Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi military regime and featured prominently during the Nigerian Civil War and thereafter ruled over Nigeria from 30 July 1975 until his assassination on 13 Fe... | Murtala Muhammed was born on November 8, 1938 in Kano. His father, Muhammed Riskuwa, was from the Fulani Genawa clan,
who had a history of Islamic jurisprudence as both his paternal grandfather Suleman and paternal great-grandfather Mohammed Zangi served as Chief Judges in Kano Emirate and held the title of chief Alkal... | [] | [
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projected-00308918-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtala%20Muhammed | Murtala Muhammed | Early career | Murtala Ramat Muhammad (8 November 1938 – 13 February 1976) was a Nigerian general who led the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup in overthrowing the Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi military regime and featured prominently during the Nigerian Civil War and thereafter ruled over Nigeria from 30 July 1975 until his assassination on 13 Fe... | Murtala Muhammed joined the Nigerian Army in 1958. He spent short training stints in Nigeria and Ghana and then was trained as an officer cadet at Sandhurst Royal Military Academy in England. After his training, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in 1961 and assigned to the Nigerian Army Signals that same year... | [] | [
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projected-00308918-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtala%20Muhammed | Murtala Muhammed | 1966 counter-coup | Murtala Ramat Muhammad (8 November 1938 – 13 February 1976) was a Nigerian general who led the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup in overthrowing the Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi military regime and featured prominently during the Nigerian Civil War and thereafter ruled over Nigeria from 30 July 1975 until his assassination on 13 Fe... | On the night of 29 July 1966, northern soldiers at Abeokuta barracks mutinied, thus precipitating a counter-coup, which may very well have been in the planning stages. A group among the officers supported secession and thus gave the code name of the coup 'A raba' meaning secession in Hausa. However, after the success o... | [] | [
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projected-00308918-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtala%20Muhammed | Murtala Muhammed | Civil war | Murtala Ramat Muhammad (8 November 1938 – 13 February 1976) was a Nigerian general who led the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup in overthrowing the Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi military regime and featured prominently during the Nigerian Civil War and thereafter ruled over Nigeria from 30 July 1975 until his assassination on 13 Fe... | At the start of the Nigerian Civil War, Muhammed was the commander of the newly established 2nd Infantry Division. The 2 Division was responsible for the beating back of the Biafran Army from the Mid-West region, as well as crossing the River Niger and linking up with the 1 Division, which was advancing from Nsukka and... | [] | [
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"Participants in the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup",... |
projected-00308918-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtala%20Muhammed | Murtala Muhammed | Military service | Murtala Ramat Muhammad (8 November 1938 – 13 February 1976) was a Nigerian general who led the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup in overthrowing the Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi military regime and featured prominently during the Nigerian Civil War and thereafter ruled over Nigeria from 30 July 1975 until his assassination on 13 Fe... | Between 1970 and 1971, he attended the Joint Service Staff College in England, his supervisor's report attributed him to having ''a quick agile mind, considerable ability and common sense. He holds strong views which he puts forward in a forthright manner. He is a strong character and determined. However, he finds it d... | [] | [
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projected-00308918-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtala%20Muhammed | Murtala Muhammed | In government | Murtala Ramat Muhammad (8 November 1938 – 13 February 1976) was a Nigerian general who led the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup in overthrowing the Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi military regime and featured prominently during the Nigerian Civil War and thereafter ruled over Nigeria from 30 July 1975 until his assassination on 13 Fe... | On 29 July 1975, General Yakubu Gowon was overthrown while attending the 12th summit of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in Kampala, Uganda. Muhammed took power as the new Military Head of State. Brigadiers Obasanjo (later Lt. General) and Danjuma (later Lt. General) were appointed as Chief of Staff, Supreme HQ ... | [] | [
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projected-00308918-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtala%20Muhammed | Murtala Muhammed | Charisma | Murtala Ramat Muhammad (8 November 1938 – 13 February 1976) was a Nigerian general who led the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup in overthrowing the Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi military regime and featured prominently during the Nigerian Civil War and thereafter ruled over Nigeria from 30 July 1975 until his assassination on 13 Fe... | In the coup d'état that brought him to power he introduced the phrases "Fellow Nigerians" and "with immediate effect" to the national lexicon. In a short time, Murtala Muhammed's policies won him broad popular support, and his decisiveness elevated him to the status of a folk hero.
However his highly popular, often te... | [] | [
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projected-00308918-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtala%20Muhammed | Murtala Muhammed | National federalism | Murtala Ramat Muhammad (8 November 1938 – 13 February 1976) was a Nigerian general who led the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup in overthrowing the Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi military regime and featured prominently during the Nigerian Civil War and thereafter ruled over Nigeria from 30 July 1975 until his assassination on 13 Fe... | Muhammed took federal control of the country's two largest newspapers – Daily Times and New Nigerian; all media in Nigeria was now under federal control. He also took federal control of the remaining state-run universities. On February 3, 1976, the Military Government of Murtala Muhammed created new states and renamed ... | [] | [
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"People of the Congo Crisis",
"Participants in the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup",... |
projected-00308918-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtala%20Muhammed | Murtala Muhammed | Economic policy | Murtala Ramat Muhammad (8 November 1938 – 13 February 1976) was a Nigerian general who led the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup in overthrowing the Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi military regime and featured prominently during the Nigerian Civil War and thereafter ruled over Nigeria from 30 July 1975 until his assassination on 13 Fe... | As head of state Murtala Muhammed inherited an immense amount of oil and petroleum resources and enormous but untapped natural gas reserves. But in 1975, Muhammed saw reduced revenue due to low levels of petroleum production; this meant that the military government lacked the projected funds to meet Nigeria's developme... | [] | [
"Economic policy"
] | [
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"1976 deaths",
"People from Kano",
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"Heads of state of Nigeria",
"Nigerian generals",
"Nigerian Army officers",
"Leaders who took power by coup",
"20th-century Nigerian politicians",
"People of the Congo Crisis",
"Participants in the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup",... |
projected-00308918-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtala%20Muhammed | Murtala Muhammed | Assassination | Murtala Ramat Muhammad (8 November 1938 – 13 February 1976) was a Nigerian general who led the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup in overthrowing the Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi military regime and featured prominently during the Nigerian Civil War and thereafter ruled over Nigeria from 30 July 1975 until his assassination on 13 Fe... | On 13 February 1976, General Muhammed set off for work along his usual route on George Street. Shortly after 8 a.m., his Mercedes Benz car traveled slowly in the infamous Lagos traffic near the Federal Secretariat at Ikoyi in Lagos and a group of soldiers (members of an abortive coup led by Dimka) emerged from an adjac... | [
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"Nigerian generals",
"Nigerian Army officers",
"Leaders who took power by coup",
"20th-century Nigerian politicians",
"People of the Congo Crisis",
"Participants in the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup",... |
projected-00308918-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtala%20Muhammed | Murtala Muhammed | Marriage | Murtala Ramat Muhammad (8 November 1938 – 13 February 1976) was a Nigerian general who led the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup in overthrowing the Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi military regime and featured prominently during the Nigerian Civil War and thereafter ruled over Nigeria from 30 July 1975 until his assassination on 13 Fe... | Murtala Muhammed was married to his only wife Ajoke. They had six children together. In order of elder to youngest: Aisha, Zakari (deceased), Fatima, Abba (also known as Risqua), Zeliha and Jummai. Abba Muhammed was a Special Adviser to President Olusegun Obasanjo on Privatisation. | [] | [
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"Heads of state of Nigeria",
"Nigerian generals",
"Nigerian Army officers",
"Leaders who took power by coup",
"20th-century Nigerian politicians",
"People of the Congo Crisis",
"Participants in the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup",... |
projected-00308918-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtala%20Muhammed | Murtala Muhammed | Medals | Murtala Ramat Muhammad (8 November 1938 – 13 February 1976) was a Nigerian general who led the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup in overthrowing the Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi military regime and featured prominently during the Nigerian Civil War and thereafter ruled over Nigeria from 30 July 1975 until his assassination on 13 Fe... | Murtala Muhammed had received several awards and medals. In alphabetical order they included:
Forces Service Star (FSS)
General Service Medal (GSM)
Meritorious Service Star (MSS)
National Service Medal (NSM)
Republic Medal (RM) | [
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"People of the Congo Crisis",
"Participants in the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup",... |
projected-00308918-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtala%20Muhammed | Murtala Muhammed | References | Murtala Ramat Muhammad (8 November 1938 – 13 February 1976) was a Nigerian general who led the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup in overthrowing the Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi military regime and featured prominently during the Nigerian Civil War and thereafter ruled over Nigeria from 30 July 1975 until his assassination on 13 Fe... | Category:1938 births
Category:1976 deaths
Category:People from Kano
Category:Nigerian Muslims
Category:Heads of state of Nigeria
Category:Nigerian generals
Category:Nigerian Army officers
Category:Leaders who took power by coup
Category:20th-century Nigerian politicians
Category:People of the Congo Crisis
Category:Part... | [] | [
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"20th-century Nigerian politicians",
"People of the Congo Crisis",
"Participants in the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup",... |
projected-00308925-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulcinea%20del%20Toboso | Dulcinea del Toboso | Introduction | Dulcinea del Toboso is a fictional character who is unseen in Miguel de Cervantes' novel Don Quijote. Don Quijote believes he must have a lady, under the mistaken view that chivalry requires it.
As he does not have one, he invents her, making her the very model of female perfection: "[h]er name is Dulcinea, her country... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Don Quixote characters",
"Unseen characters",
"Fictional Spanish people",
"Literary characters introduced in 1605",
"Female characters in literature",
"Fictional farmers"
] | |
projected-00308925-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulcinea%20del%20Toboso | Dulcinea del Toboso | Spurious Part II of the work | Dulcinea del Toboso is a fictional character who is unseen in Miguel de Cervantes' novel Don Quijote. Don Quijote believes he must have a lady, under the mistaken view that chivalry requires it.
As he does not have one, he invents her, making her the very model of female perfection: "[h]er name is Dulcinea, her country... | An unidentified writer using the pseudonym Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda in 1614 published a Part II of Don Quijote.
Although support for Avellaneda's view of Dulcinea is found in Part I of Don Quixote, he has little interest in the glorious, imaginary Dulcinea. Scholars commonly say that because of this and many sim... | [] | [
"Spurious Part II of the work"
] | [
"Don Quixote characters",
"Unseen characters",
"Fictional Spanish people",
"Literary characters introduced in 1605",
"Female characters in literature",
"Fictional farmers"
] |
projected-00308925-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulcinea%20del%20Toboso | Dulcinea del Toboso | Opera | Dulcinea del Toboso is a fictional character who is unseen in Miguel de Cervantes' novel Don Quijote. Don Quijote believes he must have a lady, under the mistaken view that chivalry requires it.
As he does not have one, he invents her, making her the very model of female perfection: "[h]er name is Dulcinea, her country... | The Jules Massenet opera Don Quichotte depicts Dulcinée as a major character, the local queen who sends the knight on a quest to retrieve her jewels. | [] | [
"Opera"
] | [
"Don Quixote characters",
"Unseen characters",
"Fictional Spanish people",
"Literary characters introduced in 1605",
"Female characters in literature",
"Fictional farmers"
] |
projected-00308925-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulcinea%20del%20Toboso | Dulcinea del Toboso | In popular culture | Dulcinea del Toboso is a fictional character who is unseen in Miguel de Cervantes' novel Don Quijote. Don Quijote believes he must have a lady, under the mistaken view that chivalry requires it.
As he does not have one, he invents her, making her the very model of female perfection: "[h]er name is Dulcinea, her country... | The French composer Maurice Ravel composed Don Quichotte à Dulcinée (1932–33), a cycle of three songs for baritone voice and accompaniment.
"Dulcinea" is the female lead in the TV series The Adventures of Puss in Boots.
Dulcinea is the title of the 1994 album by the American indie band Toad the Wet Sprocket.
Dulcinea i... | [] | [
"In popular culture"
] | [
"Don Quixote characters",
"Unseen characters",
"Fictional Spanish people",
"Literary characters introduced in 1605",
"Female characters in literature",
"Fictional farmers"
] |
projected-00308925-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulcinea%20del%20Toboso | Dulcinea del Toboso | See also | Dulcinea del Toboso is a fictional character who is unseen in Miguel de Cervantes' novel Don Quijote. Don Quijote believes he must have a lady, under the mistaken view that chivalry requires it.
As he does not have one, he invents her, making her the very model of female perfection: "[h]er name is Dulcinea, her country... | List of Don Quixote characters | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Don Quixote characters",
"Unseen characters",
"Fictional Spanish people",
"Literary characters introduced in 1605",
"Female characters in literature",
"Fictional farmers"
] |
projected-00308925-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulcinea%20del%20Toboso | Dulcinea del Toboso | Notes | Dulcinea del Toboso is a fictional character who is unseen in Miguel de Cervantes' novel Don Quijote. Don Quijote believes he must have a lady, under the mistaken view that chivalry requires it.
As he does not have one, he invents her, making her the very model of female perfection: "[h]er name is Dulcinea, her country... | Category:Don Quixote characters
Category:Unseen characters
Category:Fictional Spanish people
Category:Literary characters introduced in 1605
Category:Female characters in literature
Category:Fictional farmers
he:דולסינאה דל טובוסו | [] | [
"Notes"
] | [
"Don Quixote characters",
"Unseen characters",
"Fictional Spanish people",
"Literary characters introduced in 1605",
"Female characters in literature",
"Fictional farmers"
] |
projected-00308929-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldonza | Aldonza | Introduction | Aldonza is the name of:
Aldonza Alfonso de León (c. 1215–1266), illegitimate daughter of King Alfonso IX of León and his mistress Aldonza Martínez de Silva
Aldonza Lorenzo, the real name of Dulcinea del Toboso, a fictional character from Don Quixote
Antonio Aldonza (1926–2014), Spanish footballer | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-00308930-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%281925%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) | Introduction | The Phantom of the Opera is a 1925 American silent horror film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, directed by Rupert Julian and starring Lon Chaney in the title role of the deformed Phantom who haunts the Paris Opera House, causing murder and mayhem in an attempt to make the woman he loves ... | [] | [
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] | [
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"American black-and-white films",
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"Films directed by Rupert Julian",
"Films directed by Edward Sedgwick",
"Films ... | |
projected-00308930-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%281925%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) | Plot | The Phantom of the Opera is a 1925 American silent horror film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, directed by Rupert Julian and starring Lon Chaney in the title role of the deformed Phantom who haunts the Paris Opera House, causing murder and mayhem in an attempt to make the woman he loves ... | Based on the general release version of 1925, which has additional scenes and sequences in different order than the existing reissue print.
The film opens with the debut of the new season at the Paris Opera House, with a production of Gounod's Faust. Comte Philippe de Chagny and his brother, the Vicomte Raoul de Chagn... | [
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"Films directed by Rupert Julian",
"Films directed by Edward Sedgwick",
"Films ... |
projected-00308930-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%281925%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) | Pre-production | The Phantom of the Opera is a 1925 American silent horror film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, directed by Rupert Julian and starring Lon Chaney in the title role of the deformed Phantom who haunts the Paris Opera House, causing murder and mayhem in an attempt to make the woman he loves ... | In 1922, Carl Laemmle, the president of Universal Pictures, took a vacation to Paris. During his vacation Laemmle met the author Gaston Leroux, who was working in the French film industry. Laemmle mentioned to Leroux that he admired the Paris Opera House. Leroux gave Laemmle a copy of his 1910 novel The Phantom of the ... | [
"Phantom of the Opera lobby card.jpg"
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"Films directed by Edward Sedgwick",
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projected-00308930-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%281925%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) | Production | The Phantom of the Opera is a 1925 American silent horror film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, directed by Rupert Julian and starring Lon Chaney in the title role of the deformed Phantom who haunts the Paris Opera House, causing murder and mayhem in an attempt to make the woman he loves ... | Production began in mid-October and did not go smoothly. According to director of photography Charles Van Enger, Chaney and the rest of the cast and crew had strained relations with director Rupert Julian. Eventually the star and director stopped talking, so Van Enger served as a go-between. He would report Julian's di... | [
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"Films directed by Edward Sedgwick",
"Films ... |
projected-00308930-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%281925%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) | Makeup | The Phantom of the Opera is a 1925 American silent horror film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, directed by Rupert Julian and starring Lon Chaney in the title role of the deformed Phantom who haunts the Paris Opera House, causing murder and mayhem in an attempt to make the woman he loves ... | Following the success of The Hunchback of Notre Dame in 1923, Chaney was once again given the freedom to create his own makeup, a practice which became almost as famous as the films he starred in.
Chaney commented "In The Phantom of the Opera, people exclaimed at my weird make-up. I achieved the Death's Head of that r... | [
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"Films directed by Rupert Julian",
"Films directed by Edward Sedgwick",
"Films ... |
projected-00308930-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%281925%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) | Soundstage 28 | The Phantom of the Opera is a 1925 American silent horror film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, directed by Rupert Julian and starring Lon Chaney in the title role of the deformed Phantom who haunts the Paris Opera House, causing murder and mayhem in an attempt to make the woman he loves ... | Producer Laemmle commissioned the construction of a set of the Paris Opera House. Because it would have to support hundreds of extras, the set became the first to be created with steel girders set in concrete. For this reason it was not dismantled until 2014. Stage 28 on the Universal Studios lot still contained portio... | [] | [
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"Films directed by Edward Sedgwick",
"Films ... |
projected-00308930-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%281925%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) | Initial response | The Phantom of the Opera is a 1925 American silent horror film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, directed by Rupert Julian and starring Lon Chaney in the title role of the deformed Phantom who haunts the Paris Opera House, causing murder and mayhem in an attempt to make the woman he loves ... | Initial critical response for the film was mixed.
Mordaunt Hall of The New York Times gave the film a positive review as a spectacle picture, but felt that the story and acting may have been slightly improved. TIME praised the sets but felt the picture was "only pretty good".
Variety wrote, "The Phantom of the Opera is... | [] | [
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"Films directed by Rupert Julian",
"Films directed by Edward Sedgwick",
"Films ... |
projected-00308930-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%281925%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) | Modern response | The Phantom of the Opera is a 1925 American silent horror film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, directed by Rupert Julian and starring Lon Chaney in the title role of the deformed Phantom who haunts the Paris Opera House, causing murder and mayhem in an attempt to make the woman he loves ... | Roger Ebert awarded the film four out of four stars, writing "It creates beneath the opera one of the most grotesque places in the cinema, and Chaney's performance transforms an absurd character into a haunting one." Adrian Warren of PopMatters gave the film 8/10 stars, summarizing, "Overall, The Phantom of the Opera i... | [] | [
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"Films directed by Rupert Julian",
"Films directed by Edward Sedgwick",
"Films ... |
projected-00308930-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%281925%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) | 1929 reissue with sound | The Phantom of the Opera is a 1925 American silent horror film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, directed by Rupert Julian and starring Lon Chaney in the title role of the deformed Phantom who haunts the Paris Opera House, causing murder and mayhem in an attempt to make the woman he loves ... | After the successful introduction of sound pictures during the 1928–29 movie season, Universal announced that they had secured the rights to a sequel to The Phantom of the Opera from the Gaston Leroux estate. Entitled The Return of the Phantom, the picture would have sound and be in color. Universal could not use Chane... | [] | [
"1929 reissue with sound"
] | [
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"1920s monster movies",
"American monster movies",
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"Films directed by Rupert Julian",
"Films directed by Edward Sedgwick",
"Films ... |
projected-00308930-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%281925%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) | Differences from the novel | The Phantom of the Opera is a 1925 American silent horror film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, directed by Rupert Julian and starring Lon Chaney in the title role of the deformed Phantom who haunts the Paris Opera House, causing murder and mayhem in an attempt to make the woman he loves ... | Although this particular adaptation is often considered the most faithful, it contains some significant plot differences from the original novel.
In the movie, M. Debienne and M. Poligny transfer ownership of the Opera to M. Montcharmin and M. Richard, while in the novel they are simply the old and new managers.
The ... | [] | [
"Differences from the novel"
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"Films directed by Edward Sedgwick",
"Films ... |
projected-00308930-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%281925%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) | Preservation and home video status | The Phantom of the Opera is a 1925 American silent horror film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, directed by Rupert Julian and starring Lon Chaney in the title role of the deformed Phantom who haunts the Paris Opera House, causing murder and mayhem in an attempt to make the woman he loves ... | The finest quality print of the film existing was struck from an original camera negative for George Eastman House in the early 1950s by Universal Pictures. The original 1925 version survives only in 16mm "Show-At-Home" prints created by Universal for home movie use in the 1930s. There are several versions of these pri... | [
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"Films directed by Rupert Julian",
"Films directed by Edward Sedgwick",
"Films ... |
projected-00308930-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%281925%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) | Eastman House print mystery | The Phantom of the Opera is a 1925 American silent horror film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, directed by Rupert Julian and starring Lon Chaney in the title role of the deformed Phantom who haunts the Paris Opera House, causing murder and mayhem in an attempt to make the woman he loves ... | It is uncertain for what purpose the negative used to strike the Eastman House print was produced, as it includes footage from the 1929 sound reissue, and shows few signs of wear or damage.
For unknown reasons, an opening prologue showing a man with a lantern has been added—using a single continuous take—but no corres... | [] | [
"Preservation and home video status",
"Eastman House print mystery"
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"1925 films",
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"1920s monster movies",
"American monster movies",
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"American black-and-white films",
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"Films directed by Rupert Julian",
"Films directed by Edward Sedgwick",
"Films ... |
projected-00308930-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%281925%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) | International sound version | The Phantom of the Opera is a 1925 American silent horror film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, directed by Rupert Julian and starring Lon Chaney in the title role of the deformed Phantom who haunts the Paris Opera House, causing murder and mayhem in an attempt to make the woman he loves ... | "International sound versions" were sometimes made of films which the producing companies judged not to be worth the expense of reshooting in a foreign language. These versions were meant to cash in on the talkie craze; by 1930 anything with sound did well at the box office, while silent films were largely ignored by t... | [
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"Films directed by Rupert Julian",
"Films directed by Edward Sedgwick",
"Films ... |
projected-00308930-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%281925%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) | Silent version | The Phantom of the Opera is a 1925 American silent horror film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, directed by Rupert Julian and starring Lon Chaney in the title role of the deformed Phantom who haunts the Paris Opera House, causing murder and mayhem in an attempt to make the woman he loves ... | During the transition to sound in 1930, it was not uncommon for two versions of a picture, one silent and one sound, to play simultaneously (particularly for a movie from Universal, which kept a dual-format policy longer than most studios). One possibility is that the Eastman House print is actually a silent version of... | [] | [
"Preservation and home video status",
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"Films ... |
projected-00308930-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%281925%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) | Color preservation | The Phantom of the Opera is a 1925 American silent horror film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, directed by Rupert Julian and starring Lon Chaney in the title role of the deformed Phantom who haunts the Paris Opera House, causing murder and mayhem in an attempt to make the woman he loves ... | According to Harrison's Reports, when the film was originally released, it contained 17 minutes of color footage; this footage was retained in the 1930 part-talking version. Technicolor's records show 497 feet of color footage. Judging from trade journals and reviews, all of the opera scenes of Faust as well as the "Ba... | [
"Phantomtechnicolor.jpg"
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"American silent feature films",
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"Films based on The Phantom of the Opera",
"Films directed by Rupert Julian",
"Films directed by Edward Sedgwick",
"Films ... |
projected-00308930-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%281925%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) | Legacy | The Phantom of the Opera is a 1925 American silent horror film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, directed by Rupert Julian and starring Lon Chaney in the title role of the deformed Phantom who haunts the Paris Opera House, causing murder and mayhem in an attempt to make the woman he loves ... | In 1998 The Phantom of the Opera was added to the United States National Film Registry, having been deemed "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant". It was included, at No. 52, in Bravo's 100 Scariest Movie Moments.
It is listed in the film reference book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die.
In the... | [] | [
"Legacy"
] | [
"1925 films",
"1925 horror films",
"1920s color films",
"1920s monster movies",
"American monster movies",
"American silent feature films",
"American black-and-white films",
"Films based on The Phantom of the Opera",
"Films directed by Rupert Julian",
"Films directed by Edward Sedgwick",
"Films ... |
projected-00308930-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%281925%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) | See also | The Phantom of the Opera is a 1925 American silent horror film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, directed by Rupert Julian and starring Lon Chaney in the title role of the deformed Phantom who haunts the Paris Opera House, causing murder and mayhem in an attempt to make the woman he loves ... | List of early color feature films
List of films in the public domain in the United States
Phantom of the Opera (1943 film)
Universal Monsters | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1925 films",
"1925 horror films",
"1920s color films",
"1920s monster movies",
"American monster movies",
"American silent feature films",
"American black-and-white films",
"Films based on The Phantom of the Opera",
"Films directed by Rupert Julian",
"Films directed by Edward Sedgwick",
"Films ... |
projected-00308930-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phantom%20of%20the%20Opera%20%281925%20film%29 | The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film) | References | The Phantom of the Opera is a 1925 American silent horror film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, directed by Rupert Julian and starring Lon Chaney in the title role of the deformed Phantom who haunts the Paris Opera House, causing murder and mayhem in an attempt to make the woman he loves ... | Explanatory notes
Citations | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1925 films",
"1925 horror films",
"1920s color films",
"1920s monster movies",
"American monster movies",
"American silent feature films",
"American black-and-white films",
"Films based on The Phantom of the Opera",
"Films directed by Rupert Julian",
"Films directed by Edward Sedgwick",
"Films ... |
projected-00308934-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebe%20Neuwirth | Bebe Neuwirth | Introduction | Beatrice "Bebe" Jane Neuwirth (; born December 31, 1958) is an American actress, singer, and dancer. On television, she played Dr. Lilith Sternin, Frasier Crane's wife, on both the TV sitcom Cheers (in a starring role) and its spin-off Frasier (in a recurring guest role). The role won her two Emmy Awards. In 2005, Neuw... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Living people",
"20th-century American actresses",
"21st-century American actresses",
"Actresses from Newark, New Jersey",
"Jewish American atheists",
"American ballerinas",
"American contraltos",
"American film actresses",
"American musical theatre actresses",
"American television actresses",
... | |
projected-00308934-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebe%20Neuwirth | Bebe Neuwirth | Early life | Beatrice "Bebe" Jane Neuwirth (; born December 31, 1958) is an American actress, singer, and dancer. On television, she played Dr. Lilith Sternin, Frasier Crane's wife, on both the TV sitcom Cheers (in a starring role) and its spin-off Frasier (in a recurring guest role). The role won her two Emmy Awards. In 2005, Neuw... | Neuwirth was born in Newark, New Jersey. Her father, , was a mathematician who taught at Princeton University and also designed an encryption device while working at the Institute for Defense Analyses. Her mother, Sydney Anne Neuwirth, is a painter who also danced as an amateur for the Princeton Regional Ballet Company... | [] | [
"Early life"
] | [
"Living people",
"20th-century American actresses",
"21st-century American actresses",
"Actresses from Newark, New Jersey",
"Jewish American atheists",
"American ballerinas",
"American contraltos",
"American film actresses",
"American musical theatre actresses",
"American television actresses",
... |
projected-00308934-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebe%20Neuwirth | Bebe Neuwirth | Theater work | Beatrice "Bebe" Jane Neuwirth (; born December 31, 1958) is an American actress, singer, and dancer. On television, she played Dr. Lilith Sternin, Frasier Crane's wife, on both the TV sitcom Cheers (in a starring role) and its spin-off Frasier (in a recurring guest role). The role won her two Emmy Awards. In 2005, Neuw... | Studying acting for two years under Suzanne Shepard, Neuwirth made her Broadway debut in the role of Sheila in A Chorus Line in 1980. She later appeared in revivals of Little Me (1982); Sweet Charity (1986), for which she won a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical; and Damn Yankees (1994).
1996 saw Neuwir... | [
"Bebe Neuwirth at BCEFA.jpg"
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"Career",
"Theater work"
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"Living people",
"20th-century American actresses",
"21st-century American actresses",
"Actresses from Newark, New Jersey",
"Jewish American atheists",
"American ballerinas",
"American contraltos",
"American film actresses",
"American musical theatre actresses",
"American television actresses",
... |
projected-00308934-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebe%20Neuwirth | Bebe Neuwirth | Film and television | Beatrice "Bebe" Jane Neuwirth (; born December 31, 1958) is an American actress, singer, and dancer. On television, she played Dr. Lilith Sternin, Frasier Crane's wife, on both the TV sitcom Cheers (in a starring role) and its spin-off Frasier (in a recurring guest role). The role won her two Emmy Awards. In 2005, Neuw... | While in Los Angeles waiting to receive a Tony for her appearance in Sweet Charity in 1985, Neuwirth auditioned for the role of Dr. Lilith Sternin in the television series Cheers. At the time, Neuwirth was not interested in doing television work and her character was initially planned to be in only one episode of the s... | [] | [
"Career",
"Film and television"
] | [
"Living people",
"20th-century American actresses",
"21st-century American actresses",
"Actresses from Newark, New Jersey",
"Jewish American atheists",
"American ballerinas",
"American contraltos",
"American film actresses",
"American musical theatre actresses",
"American television actresses",
... |
projected-00308934-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebe%20Neuwirth | Bebe Neuwirth | Personal life | Beatrice "Bebe" Jane Neuwirth (; born December 31, 1958) is an American actress, singer, and dancer. On television, she played Dr. Lilith Sternin, Frasier Crane's wife, on both the TV sitcom Cheers (in a starring role) and its spin-off Frasier (in a recurring guest role). The role won her two Emmy Awards. In 2005, Neuw... | In 1984, Neuwirth married Paul Dorman. She met him in 1982 after she performed a revue at O'Neal's restaurant in New York, where he was bartending. The two divorced in 1991. In 2009, she married director, producer and writer Chris Calkins at The Players club in Manhattan, in a ceremony officiated by actor Peter Coyote.... | [] | [
"Personal life"
] | [
"Living people",
"20th-century American actresses",
"21st-century American actresses",
"Actresses from Newark, New Jersey",
"Jewish American atheists",
"American ballerinas",
"American contraltos",
"American film actresses",
"American musical theatre actresses",
"American television actresses",
... |
projected-00308935-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross%20of%20Lorraine | Cross of Lorraine | Introduction | The Cross of Lorraine (), known as the Cross of Anjou in the 16th century, is a heraldic two-barred cross, consisting of a vertical line crossed by two shorter horizontal bars. In most renditions, the horizontal bars are "graded" with the upper bar being the shorter, though variations with the bars of equal length are ... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Cross symbols",
"Lorraine",
"History of Lorraine",
"Crosses in heraldry"
] | |
projected-00308935-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross%20of%20Lorraine | Cross of Lorraine | Design | The Cross of Lorraine (), known as the Cross of Anjou in the 16th century, is a heraldic two-barred cross, consisting of a vertical line crossed by two shorter horizontal bars. In most renditions, the horizontal bars are "graded" with the upper bar being the shorter, though variations with the bars of equal length are ... | The Cross of Lorraine consists of one vertical and two horizontal bars. In most renditions, the horizontal bars are "graded" with the upper bar being the shorter, though variations with the bars of equal length are also seen. | [] | [
"Design"
] | [
"Cross symbols",
"Lorraine",
"History of Lorraine",
"Crosses in heraldry"
] |
projected-00308935-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross%20of%20Lorraine | Cross of Lorraine | History | The Cross of Lorraine (), known as the Cross of Anjou in the 16th century, is a heraldic two-barred cross, consisting of a vertical line crossed by two shorter horizontal bars. In most renditions, the horizontal bars are "graded" with the upper bar being the shorter, though variations with the bars of equal length are ... | The Cross of Lorraine came from the Kingdom of Hungary to the Duchy of Lorraine. In Hungary, Béla III was the first monarch to use the two-barred cross as the symbol of royal power in the late 12th century. He probably adopted it from the Byzantine Empire, according to historian Pál Engel. René II, Duke of Lorraine inh... | [
"Naval Jack of Free France.svg"
] | [
"History"
] | [
"Cross symbols",
"Lorraine",
"History of Lorraine",
"Crosses in heraldry"
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projected-00308935-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross%20of%20Lorraine | Cross of Lorraine | Symbol of France | The Cross of Lorraine (), known as the Cross of Anjou in the 16th century, is a heraldic two-barred cross, consisting of a vertical line crossed by two shorter horizontal bars. In most renditions, the horizontal bars are "graded" with the upper bar being the shorter, though variations with the bars of equal length are ... | The Cross of Lorraine is an emblem of Lorraine in eastern France. Between 1871 and 1918 (and again between 1940 and 1944), the north-eastern quarter of Lorraine (the Moselle department) was annexed to Germany, along with Alsace. During that period the Cross served as a rallying point for French ambitions to recover its... | [
" Flag of Free France (1940-1944).svg"
] | [
"Symbol of France"
] | [
"Cross symbols",
"Lorraine",
"History of Lorraine",
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projected-00308935-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross%20of%20Lorraine | Cross of Lorraine | New World | The Cross of Lorraine (), known as the Cross of Anjou in the 16th century, is a heraldic two-barred cross, consisting of a vertical line crossed by two shorter horizontal bars. In most renditions, the horizontal bars are "graded" with the upper bar being the shorter, though variations with the bars of equal length are ... | French Jesuit missionaries and settlers to the New World carried the Cross of Lorraine c. 1750–1810. The symbol was said to have helped the missionaries to convert the native peoples they encountered, because the two-armed cross resembled existing local imagery. | [] | [
"Symbol of France",
"New World"
] | [
"Cross symbols",
"Lorraine",
"History of Lorraine",
"Crosses in heraldry"
] |
projected-00308935-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross%20of%20Lorraine | Cross of Lorraine | European heraldry | The Cross of Lorraine (), known as the Cross of Anjou in the 16th century, is a heraldic two-barred cross, consisting of a vertical line crossed by two shorter horizontal bars. In most renditions, the horizontal bars are "graded" with the upper bar being the shorter, though variations with the bars of equal length are ... | The coat of arms of Hungary depicts a double cross, which is often attributed to Byzantine influence as King Béla III of Hungary was raised in the Byzantine Empire in the 12th century, and it was during his rule when the double cross became a symbol of Hungary. Also the 'dual cross' is the consonant 'gy' in ancient Hun... | [] | [
"European heraldry"
] | [
"Cross symbols",
"Lorraine",
"History of Lorraine",
"Crosses in heraldry"
] |
projected-00308935-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross%20of%20Lorraine | Cross of Lorraine | Typography | The Cross of Lorraine (), known as the Cross of Anjou in the 16th century, is a heraldic two-barred cross, consisting of a vertical line crossed by two shorter horizontal bars. In most renditions, the horizontal bars are "graded" with the upper bar being the shorter, though variations with the bars of equal length are ... | The "Cross of Lorraine" symbol appears in Unicode as . It is not to be confused with .
The cross of Lorraine was previously used in the Sabre, Apollo, and Worldspan global distribution systems (GDS) as a delimiter in various input formats, however, the latest version of the graphical user interface for each system use... | [] | [
"Typography"
] | [
"Cross symbols",
"Lorraine",
"History of Lorraine",
"Crosses in heraldry"
] |
projected-00308935-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross%20of%20Lorraine | Cross of Lorraine | Miscellaneous appearances | The Cross of Lorraine (), known as the Cross of Anjou in the 16th century, is a heraldic two-barred cross, consisting of a vertical line crossed by two shorter horizontal bars. In most renditions, the horizontal bars are "graded" with the upper bar being the shorter, though variations with the bars of equal length are ... | For its defense of France in World War I, the American 79th Infantry Division was nicknamed the "Cross of Lorraine" Division; its insignia is the cross. The German 79th Infantry Division of World War II used the cross of Lorraine as its insignia because its first attack was in the Lorraine region. The insignia was rede... | [] | [
"Miscellaneous appearances"
] | [
"Cross symbols",
"Lorraine",
"History of Lorraine",
"Crosses in heraldry"
] |
projected-00308935-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross%20of%20Lorraine | Cross of Lorraine | See also | The Cross of Lorraine (), known as the Cross of Anjou in the 16th century, is a heraldic two-barred cross, consisting of a vertical line crossed by two shorter horizontal bars. In most renditions, the horizontal bars are "graded" with the upper bar being the shorter, though variations with the bars of equal length are ... | Coat of arms of Hungary
Coat of arms of Lithuania
Coat of arms of Slovakia
Free French Forces, who used the Cross of Lorraine as their symbol.
Kotwica, the symbol of the Polish Underground State | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Cross symbols",
"Lorraine",
"History of Lorraine",
"Crosses in heraldry"
] |
projected-00308939-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrep | Agrep | Introduction | agrep (approximate grep) is an open-source approximate string matching program, developed by Udi Manber and Sun Wu between 1988 and 1991, for use with the Unix operating system. It was later ported to OS/2, DOS, and Windows.
It selects the best-suited algorithm for the current query from a variety of the known fastest... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Information retrieval systems",
"Unix text processing utilities",
"Software using the ISC license"
] | |
projected-00308939-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrep | Agrep | Alternative implementations | agrep (approximate grep) is an open-source approximate string matching program, developed by Udi Manber and Sun Wu between 1988 and 1991, for use with the Unix operating system. It was later ported to OS/2, DOS, and Windows.
It selects the best-suited algorithm for the current query from a variety of the known fastest... | A more recent agrep is the command-line tool provided with the TRE regular expression library. TRE agrep is more powerful than Wu-Manber agrep since it allows weights and total costs to be assigned separately to individual groups in the pattern. It can also handle Unicode. Unlike Wu-Manber agrep, TRE agrep is licensed ... | [] | [
"Alternative implementations"
] | [
"Information retrieval systems",
"Unix text processing utilities",
"Software using the ISC license"
] |
projected-00308939-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrep | Agrep | See also | agrep (approximate grep) is an open-source approximate string matching program, developed by Udi Manber and Sun Wu between 1988 and 1991, for use with the Unix operating system. It was later ported to OS/2, DOS, and Windows.
It selects the best-suited algorithm for the current query from a variety of the known fastest... | Bitap algorithm
TRE (computing) | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Information retrieval systems",
"Unix text processing utilities",
"Software using the ISC license"
] |
projected-00308947-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen%20Slater | Helen Slater | Introduction | Helen Rachel Slater (born December 15, 1963) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She played the title character in the 1984 film Supergirl, and returned to the 2015 TV series of the same title, this time as Supergirl's adoptive mother, Eliza Danvers. In the intervening years, she starred in several films incl... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1963 births",
"20th-century American actresses",
"21st-century American actresses",
"Actresses from New York (state)",
"American comics writers",
"American women singers",
"American film actresses",
"American stage actresses",
"American television actresses",
"American voice actresses",
"Fiorel... | |
projected-00308947-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen%20Slater | Helen Slater | Early life | Helen Rachel Slater (born December 15, 1963) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She played the title character in the 1984 film Supergirl, and returned to the 2015 TV series of the same title, this time as Supergirl's adoptive mother, Eliza Danvers. In the intervening years, she starred in several films incl... | Slater was born in Bethpage, New York. She is Jewish. Her parents, Alice Joan (née Citrin), a lawyer and nuclear disarmament peace activist based in New York City, and Gerald Slater, a television executive, divorced in 1974. She has a brother, David, who is a lawyer in New York City. Slater attended Great Neck South Hi... | [] | [
"Early life"
] | [
"1963 births",
"20th-century American actresses",
"21st-century American actresses",
"Actresses from New York (state)",
"American comics writers",
"American women singers",
"American film actresses",
"American stage actresses",
"American television actresses",
"American voice actresses",
"Fiorel... |
projected-00308947-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen%20Slater | Helen Slater | Stage work | Helen Rachel Slater (born December 15, 1963) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She played the title character in the 1984 film Supergirl, and returned to the 2015 TV series of the same title, this time as Supergirl's adoptive mother, Eliza Danvers. In the intervening years, she starred in several films incl... | In 1987, Slater co-founded the New York theater group, The Naked Angels, with Gina Gershon. In 1991, she also co-founded, with her husband, Robert Watzke, the L.A. based theater group The Bubalaires.
Slater appeared in two off-Broadway plays: "Almost Romance" and "Responsible Parties". She also starred in "The Big Dea... | [
"Helen slater florida 2016.jpg"
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"American comics writers",
"American women singers",
"American film actresses",
"American stage actresses",
"American television actresses",
"American voice actresses",
"Fiorel... |
projected-00308947-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen%20Slater | Helen Slater | Musical career | Helen Rachel Slater (born December 15, 1963) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She played the title character in the 1984 film Supergirl, and returned to the 2015 TV series of the same title, this time as Supergirl's adoptive mother, Eliza Danvers. In the intervening years, she starred in several films incl... | In 2003, she released the album, One of These Days, consisting of her original songs. The tracks were real-time recordings with Slater singing and playing piano, accompanied by six other musicians; no multitracking, editing, or dubbing was employed. In 2005, she released a second album, Crossword, which used the same r... | [] | [
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"Musical career"
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"20th-century American actresses",
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"Actresses from New York (state)",
"American comics writers",
"American women singers",
"American film actresses",
"American stage actresses",
"American television actresses",
"American voice actresses",
"Fiorel... |
projected-00308947-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen%20Slater | Helen Slater | Writing | Helen Rachel Slater (born December 15, 1963) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She played the title character in the 1984 film Supergirl, and returned to the 2015 TV series of the same title, this time as Supergirl's adoptive mother, Eliza Danvers. In the intervening years, she starred in several films incl... | In 2010, Slater wrote a Supergirl story titled "A Hero's Journey" which appeared in the fiftieth issue of the fifth volume of the Supergirl comic book. | [] | [
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"Writing"
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"Actresses from New York (state)",
"American comics writers",
"American women singers",
"American film actresses",
"American stage actresses",
"American television actresses",
"American voice actresses",
"Fiorel... |
projected-00308947-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen%20Slater | Helen Slater | Awards | Helen Rachel Slater (born December 15, 1963) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She played the title character in the 1984 film Supergirl, and returned to the 2015 TV series of the same title, this time as Supergirl's adoptive mother, Eliza Danvers. In the intervening years, she starred in several films incl... | In 1985, DC Comics named Slater as one of the honorees in the company's 50th anniversary publication Fifty Who Made DC Great for her work on the Supergirl film. | [] | [
"Awards"
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"1963 births",
"20th-century American actresses",
"21st-century American actresses",
"Actresses from New York (state)",
"American comics writers",
"American women singers",
"American film actresses",
"American stage actresses",
"American television actresses",
"American voice actresses",
"Fiorel... |
projected-00308949-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WSMR | WSMR | Introduction | WSMR may refer to:
White Sands Missile Range, a military base in New Mexico, United States
West Shropshire Mineral Railway, a UK railway authorised in 1862 but not built
West Somerset Mineral Railway, UK railway, with inclined plane, transporting minerals to port. Opened in 1861.
Wrexham, Shropshire and Marylebone... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-00308955-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20unification%20energy | Grand unification energy | Introduction | The grand unification energy , or the GUT scale, is the energy level above which, it is believed, the electromagnetic force, weak force, and strong force become equal in strength and unify to one force governed by a simple Lie group. The exact value of the grand unification energy (if grand unification is indeed realiz... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Grand Unified Theory",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model"
] | |
projected-00308955-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20unification%20energy | Grand unification energy | See also | The grand unification energy , or the GUT scale, is the energy level above which, it is believed, the electromagnetic force, weak force, and strong force become equal in strength and unify to one force governed by a simple Lie group. The exact value of the grand unification energy (if grand unification is indeed realiz... | Desert (particle physics)
Standard Model
Timeline of the Big Bang | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Grand Unified Theory",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model"
] |
projected-00308955-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20unification%20energy | Grand unification energy | References | The grand unification energy , or the GUT scale, is the energy level above which, it is believed, the electromagnetic force, weak force, and strong force become equal in strength and unify to one force governed by a simple Lie group. The exact value of the grand unification energy (if grand unification is indeed realiz... | Category:Grand Unified Theory
Category:Physics beyond the Standard Model | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Grand Unified Theory",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model"
] |
projected-00308961-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milice | Milice | Introduction | The Milice française (French Militia), generally called la Milice (literally the militia) (), was a political paramilitary organization created on 30 January 1943 by the Vichy regime (with German aid) to help fight against the French Resistance during World War II. The Milice's formal head was Prime Minister Pierre Lav... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Far-right politics in France",
"National security institutions",
"Political repression in France",
"Defunct law enforcement agencies of France",
"French collaboration during World War II",
"Military of Vichy France",
"Paramilitary organizations based in France",
"1943 establishments in France",
"19... | |
projected-00308961-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milice | Milice | Membership | The Milice française (French Militia), generally called la Milice (literally the militia) (), was a political paramilitary organization created on 30 January 1943 by the Vichy regime (with German aid) to help fight against the French Resistance during World War II. The Milice's formal head was Prime Minister Pierre Lav... | Early Milice volunteers included members of France's pre-war far-right parties (such as the Action Française) and working-class men convinced of the benefits of the Vichy government's politics. In addition to ideology, incentives for joining the Milice included employment, regular pay and rations. (The latter became pa... | [
"Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1989-107-24, Frankreich, Einsatz gegen die Resistance.jpg"
] | [
"Membership"
] | [
"Far-right politics in France",
"National security institutions",
"Political repression in France",
"Defunct law enforcement agencies of France",
"French collaboration during World War II",
"Military of Vichy France",
"Paramilitary organizations based in France",
"1943 establishments in France",
"19... |
projected-00308961-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milice | Milice | Emblem | The Milice française (French Militia), generally called la Milice (literally the militia) (), was a political paramilitary organization created on 30 January 1943 by the Vichy regime (with German aid) to help fight against the French Resistance during World War II. The Milice's formal head was Prime Minister Pierre Lav... | The chosen emblem for the Milice carried the Greek letter γ (gamma), the symbol of the Aries astrological sign in the Zodiac, ostensibly representing rejuvenation, and replenishment of energy. The color scheme chosen was silver in blue background within a red circle for ordinary miliciens, white in black background fo... | [
"Milice Française propaganda.jpg"
] | [
"Symbols and materials",
"Emblem"
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"Far-right politics in France",
"National security institutions",
"Political repression in France",
"Defunct law enforcement agencies of France",
"French collaboration during World War II",
"Military of Vichy France",
"Paramilitary organizations based in France",
"1943 establishments in France",
"19... |
projected-00308961-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milice | Milice | March | The Milice française (French Militia), generally called la Milice (literally the militia) (), was a political paramilitary organization created on 30 January 1943 by the Vichy regime (with German aid) to help fight against the French Resistance during World War II. The Milice's formal head was Prime Minister Pierre Lav... | Their march was Le Chant des Cohortes. | [] | [
"Symbols and materials",
"March"
] | [
"Far-right politics in France",
"National security institutions",
"Political repression in France",
"Defunct law enforcement agencies of France",
"French collaboration during World War II",
"Military of Vichy France",
"Paramilitary organizations based in France",
"1943 establishments in France",
"19... |
projected-00308961-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milice | Milice | Uniform | The Milice française (French Militia), generally called la Milice (literally the militia) (), was a political paramilitary organization created on 30 January 1943 by the Vichy regime (with German aid) to help fight against the French Resistance during World War II. The Milice's formal head was Prime Minister Pierre Lav... | Milice troops (known as miliciens) wore a blue uniform jacket and trousers, a brown shirt and a wide blue beret. (During active paramilitary-style operations, an Adrian helmet was used, which commonly featured the emblem, either painted on or as a badge) Its newspaper was Combats (not to be confused with the undergroun... | [
"Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-720-0318-36, Frankreich, Milizionär bewacht Widerstandskämpfer.jpg"
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projected-00308961-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milice | Milice | Beginnings | The Milice française (French Militia), generally called la Milice (literally the militia) (), was a political paramilitary organization created on 30 January 1943 by the Vichy regime (with German aid) to help fight against the French Resistance during World War II. The Milice's formal head was Prime Minister Pierre Lav... | The Resistance targeted individual for assassination, often in public areas such as cafés and streets. On 24 April 1943 they shot and killed Paul de Gassovski, a in Marseilles. By late November, Combat reported that 25 had been killed and 27 wounded in Resistance attacks. | [] | [
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projected-00308961-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milice | Milice | Reprisals | The Milice française (French Militia), generally called la Milice (literally the militia) (), was a political paramilitary organization created on 30 January 1943 by the Vichy regime (with German aid) to help fight against the French Resistance during World War II. The Milice's formal head was Prime Minister Pierre Lav... | The most prominent person killed by the Resistance was Philippe Henriot, the Vichy regime's Minister of Information and Propaganda, who was known as "the French Goebbels". He was killed in his apartment in the Ministry of Information on the rue Solferino in the predawn hours of 28 June 1944 by résistants dressed as mil... | [] | [
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"Reprisals"
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"Far-right politics in France",
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"Defunct law enforcement agencies of France",
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"Military of Vichy France",
"Paramilitary organizations based in France",
"1943 establishments in France",
"19... |
projected-00308961-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milice | Milice | Notable actions | The Milice française (French Militia), generally called la Milice (literally the militia) (), was a political paramilitary organization created on 30 January 1943 by the Vichy regime (with German aid) to help fight against the French Resistance during World War II. The Milice's formal head was Prime Minister Pierre Lav... | Perhaps the largest and best-known operation undertaken by the Milice was the Battle of Glières, its attempt in March 1944 to suppress the Resistance in the département of Haute-Savoie (in southeastern France, near the Swiss border). The Milice could not overcome the Resistance, and called in German troops to complete ... | [] | [
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"Notable actions"
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"Far-right politics in France",
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"Political repression in France",
"Defunct law enforcement agencies of France",
"French collaboration during World War II",
"Military of Vichy France",
"Paramilitary organizations based in France",
"1943 establishments in France",
"19... |
projected-00308961-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milice | Milice | End of the war in Europe | The Milice française (French Militia), generally called la Milice (literally the militia) (), was a political paramilitary organization created on 30 January 1943 by the Vichy regime (with German aid) to help fight against the French Resistance during World War II. The Milice's formal head was Prime Minister Pierre Lav... | In August 1944, as the tide of war was shifting and fearing he would be held accountable for the operations of the Milice, Marshal Philippe Pétain sought to distance himself from the organization by writing a harsh letter rebuking Darnand for the organization's "excesses." Darnand's response suggested that Pétain ought... | [] | [
"History",
"End of the war in Europe"
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"Far-right politics in France",
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"Defunct law enforcement agencies of France",
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"Military of Vichy France",
"Paramilitary organizations based in France",
"1943 establishments in France",
"19... |
projected-00308961-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milice | Milice | Aftermath | The Milice française (French Militia), generally called la Milice (literally the militia) (), was a political paramilitary organization created on 30 January 1943 by the Vichy regime (with German aid) to help fight against the French Resistance during World War II. The Milice's formal head was Prime Minister Pierre Lav... | An unknown number of miliciens managed to escape prison or execution, either by going underground or fleeing abroad. A few were later prosecuted. The most notable of these was Paul Touvier, the former commander of the Milice in Lyon. In 1994, he was convicted of ordering the retaliatory execution of seven Jews at Rilli... | [] | [
"History",
"Aftermath"
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"Far-right politics in France",
"National security institutions",
"Political repression in France",
"Defunct law enforcement agencies of France",
"French collaboration during World War II",
"Military of Vichy France",
"Paramilitary organizations based in France",
"1943 establishments in France",
"19... |
projected-00308961-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milice | Milice | In popular culture | The Milice française (French Militia), generally called la Milice (literally the militia) (), was a political paramilitary organization created on 30 January 1943 by the Vichy regime (with German aid) to help fight against the French Resistance during World War II. The Milice's formal head was Prime Minister Pierre Lav... | Since the war, the term milice has acquired a derogatory meaning in France.
The French hard rock ensemble Trust had a hit named "Police Milice", where its frontman Bernard Bonvoisin compared modern-day police officers to the Milice.
Louis Malle's films Lacombe, Lucien and Au revoir les enfants include the Milice as pa... | [] | [
"In popular culture"
] | [
"Far-right politics in France",
"National security institutions",
"Political repression in France",
"Defunct law enforcement agencies of France",
"French collaboration during World War II",
"Military of Vichy France",
"Paramilitary organizations based in France",
"1943 establishments in France",
"19... |
projected-00308961-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milice | Milice | See also | The Milice française (French Militia), generally called la Milice (literally the militia) (), was a political paramilitary organization created on 30 January 1943 by the Vichy regime (with German aid) to help fight against the French Resistance during World War II. The Milice's formal head was Prime Minister Pierre Lav... | Axis
Lorenzen Group – Danish pro-German paramilitary group
Security Battalions – Greek pro-German paramilitary group
Carlingue – the French version of the Gestapo.
Special Brigades – Paramilitary sections of the Vichy Police service.
Geheime Feldpolizei – the secret military police of the Wehrmacht that worked alongsid... | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Far-right politics in France",
"National security institutions",
"Political repression in France",
"Defunct law enforcement agencies of France",
"French collaboration during World War II",
"Military of Vichy France",
"Paramilitary organizations based in France",
"1943 establishments in France",
"19... |