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text_id stringlengths 22 22	page_url stringlengths 31 389	page_title stringlengths 1 250	section_title stringlengths 0 4.67k	context_page_description stringlengths 0 108k	context_section_description stringlengths 1 187k	media list	hierachy list	category list
projected-00310230-007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paolo%20Sarpi	Paolo Sarpi	Correspondence networks and published letters	Paolo Sarpi (14 August 1552 – 15 January 1623) was a Venetian historian, prelate, scientist, canon lawyer, and statesman active on behalf of the Venetian Republic during the period of its successful defiance of the papal interdict (1605–1607) and its war (1615–1617) with Austria over the Uskok pirates. His writings, fr...	Sarpi was the center of a vast political and scholarly network of eminent correspondents, from which about 430 of his letters have survived. Early letter collections were: "Lettere Italiane di Fra Sarpi" (Geneva, 1673); Scelte lettere inedite de P. Sarpi", edited by Aurelio Bianchi-Giovini (Capolago, 1833); "Lettere ra...	[]	[ "Correspondence networks and published letters" ]	[ "1552 births", "1623 deaths", "Servites", "Italian humanists", "17th-century Italian historians", "Republic of Venice scientists", "Italian male writers", "16th-century Venetian writers", "16th-century male writers", "17th-century Venetian writers", "Canon law jurists" ]
projected-00310230-008	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paolo%20Sarpi	Paolo Sarpi	Views	Paolo Sarpi (14 August 1552 – 15 January 1623) was a Venetian historian, prelate, scientist, canon lawyer, and statesman active on behalf of the Venetian Republic during the period of its successful defiance of the papal interdict (1605–1607) and its war (1615–1617) with Austria over the Uskok pirates. His writings, fr...	Sarpi read and was influenced by the skepticism of Michel de Montaigne and his disciple Pierre Charron. As an historian and thinker in the realist tradition of Tacitus, Machiavelli, and Guicciardini, he stressed that patriotism as national pride or honor could play a central role in social control. At various times dur...	[ "Paolo-Sarpi-Les-droits-des-souverains MG 1112.tif" ]	[ "Views" ]	[ "1552 births", "1623 deaths", "Servites", "Italian humanists", "17th-century Italian historians", "Republic of Venice scientists", "Italian male writers", "16th-century Venetian writers", "16th-century male writers", "17th-century Venetian writers", "Canon law jurists" ]
projected-00310230-009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paolo%20Sarpi	Paolo Sarpi	Scientific scholar	Paolo Sarpi (14 August 1552 – 15 January 1623) was a Venetian historian, prelate, scientist, canon lawyer, and statesman active on behalf of the Venetian Republic during the period of its successful defiance of the papal interdict (1605–1607) and its war (1615–1617) with Austria over the Uskok pirates. His writings, fr...	Sarpi wrote notes on François Viète which established his proficiency in mathematics, and a metaphysical treatise now lost, which is said to have anticipated the ideas of John Locke. His anatomical pursuits probably date from an earlier period. They illustrate his versatility and thirst for knowledge, but are otherwise...	[]	[ "Scientific scholar" ]	[ "1552 births", "1623 deaths", "Servites", "Italian humanists", "17th-century Italian historians", "Republic of Venice scientists", "Italian male writers", "16th-century Venetian writers", "16th-century male writers", "17th-century Venetian writers", "Canon law jurists" ]
projected-00310230-010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paolo%20Sarpi	Paolo Sarpi	Further reading	Paolo Sarpi (14 August 1552 – 15 January 1623) was a Venetian historian, prelate, scientist, canon lawyer, and statesman active on behalf of the Venetian Republic during the period of its successful defiance of the papal interdict (1605–1607) and its war (1615–1617) with Austria over the Uskok pirates. His writings, fr...	url-status=dead }}</ref> See also Baldassarre Capra Edwin Sandys (American colonist) Henry Wotton William Bedell Notes References Select Bibliography Kainulainen, Jaska (2014). Paolo Sarpi: A Servant of God and State. Brill, 2014. de Vivo, Filippo (2006). “Paolo Sarpi and the Uses of Information in Seventeenth-Cent...	[]	[ "Further reading" ]	[ "1552 births", "1623 deaths", "Servites", "Italian humanists", "17th-century Italian historians", "Republic of Venice scientists", "Italian male writers", "16th-century Venetian writers", "16th-century male writers", "17th-century Venetian writers", "Canon law jurists" ]
projected-00310231-000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	Introduction		Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	[]	[ "Introduction" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	First broadcast	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	The first television broadcast in Greece became a reality during the 25th Thessaloniki International Fair (3 September 1960). The Studios were organized by the Public Power Corporation (ΔΕΗ) pavilion, supplied by Philips, along with other locally improvised equipment. Some years later, a small private station started o...	[]	[ "History", "First broadcast" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	A third state TV channel, its closure and color TV in Greece	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	After the construction of the OTE Tower in the Thessaloniki Fair area, OTE started a third state TV channel in the SECAM color format. The two initial state channels requested the closing and elimination of the new OTE channel, fearing that OTE would drive them to close, because of the superiority of the color picture,...	[]	[ "History", "A third state TV channel, its closure and color TV in Greece" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	The merger of ERT and YENED	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	In 1982, ERT and YENED merged, forming "ERT" (Ellinikí Radiofonía Tileórasi), with ERT becoming "ERT1" and YENED becoming "ERT2". Broadcasts originally lasted for seven to eight hours daily starting at about 5:30PM with children shows and then the first televised news of the day. In 1987 an experimental teletext type i...	[]	[ "History", "The merger of ERT and YENED" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	Illegal broadcasts, disputes between the government and Thessaloniki, constant frequency changes, and challenges to ERT's monopoly	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	Some illegal broadcasts made short-lived appearances during the 1980s showing mainly movies of adult nature but, in 1987, the City of Thessaloniki began rebroadcasting in a television frequency parts of European satellite channels, leading to a dispute between the government and the city, as the station's equipment was...	[]	[ "History", "Illegal broadcasts, disputes between the government and Thessaloniki, constant frequency changes, and challenges to ERT's monopoly" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-006	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	Establishment of regional channels	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	In 1988, ERT also established ET3 a regional state-owned network which focused on issues of Northern Greece, to counter the Athens-centric broadcasts of the other two major state broadcasters at the time. Initially a regional network based in Thessaloniki, ET3 also began broadcasting in Athens, and within a few years, ...	[]	[ "History", "Establishment of regional channels" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	The end of the state-owned monopoly on television	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	Thessaloniki was the home of Greece's first non-state owned television station, TV100, owned by the City of Thessaloniki, and TV Plus was the first non-state television station in the Athens region. TV Plus, was owned by Invest Plus SA, a US group headed by Daniel Bourla, with the participation of the Municipality of P...	[]	[ "History", "The end of the state-owned monopoly on television" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-008	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	Growth of private broadcasters	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	By early 1990, numerous other stations also appeared on the air, including New Channel (no relation to Nea Tileorasi) with movies, music videos and talk shows, Channel Seven-X (with avant-garde programming including foreign films, intellectual programming and a simulcast of French music TV network MCM), Jeronimo Groovy...	[]	[ "History", "Growth of private broadcasters" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	SECAM to PAL color switchover	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	The color television transmission system SECAM which had been used since the late 1970s finally switched over to the PAL color system widely used in the rest of Europe. PAL was the system used for years in Greece via video tape playbacks on rented movies from video stores but not by ERT. The first station to broadcast ...	[]	[ "History", "SECAM to PAL color switchover" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	Continued growth of private and specialty TV, and mergers and acquisitions	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	In 1993, two new major players entered the market. Skai TV began broadcasting, after a prolonged battle for open frequencies with ERT and other stations, and soon began to broadcast as a new national network following in the footsteps of the highly rated Skai radio station in Athens. Also in 1993, Kanali 29's managemen...	[]	[ "History", "Continued growth of private and specialty TV, and mergers and acquisitions" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-011	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	Satellite television, failed ventures and the investment and creation of new ventures	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	In 2000, Alpha TV founded Alpha Digital, which broadcast Alpha TV, Polis TV (a local station serving Athens owned by Alpha) various thematic stations also operated by Alpha, the radio stations owned by the Alpha group, and a small variety of foreign television networks, headlined by MTV and VH1 (MTV, by that time, was ...	[]	[ "History", "Satellite television, failed ventures and the investment and creation of new ventures" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	Status of broadcast licenses and the quasi-legal status	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	To this day, the Greek government still has not issued official licenses to most television stations in Greece, which are currently broadcasting in a quasi-legal state. Tenders have been offered for national, regional and local broadcasts as well as terrestrial pay-TV services, which have either been frozen or have fai...	[]	[ "History", "Status of broadcast licenses and the quasi-legal status" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-013	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	Greek debt crisis, budget cuts, and the closure of private broadcasters	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	By the early 2010s, all of the Greek television stations suffered the consequences of the country's debt crisis. In this decade two major Panhellenic stations ceased operations due to economic difficulties. Alter stopped its operation on 10 February 2012, after a history of more than 20 years. Most channels cut their ...	[]	[ "History", "Greek debt crisis, budget cuts, and the closure of private broadcasters" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-014	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	The beginning of HD broadcasting and the closure of ERT	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	On 27 April 2011, the first transmission of a high definition free-to-air channel was made by the state-owned ERT HD. Two years later, on 11 June 2013, the Greek Government suspended the operation of the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT) and automatically fired 2,600 workers, in one of the numerous spending cuts...	[]	[ "History", "The beginning of HD broadcasting and the closure of ERT" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-015	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	The selling of 902 TV	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	On late 2013, 902 TV, owned by the Communist Party, was sold to a Cypriot-based company A-Orizon Media Ltd. On 11 September, of the same year, the channel was renamed to Epsilon TV. After four years, the network once again sold, this time to Ivan Savides' company Dimera Media Investments Limited. On 24 August 2018, Eps...	[]	[ "History", "The selling of 902 TV" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-016	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	The continuation of HD broadcasting and the closure of Mega	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	Since early 2016, most Panhellenic networks began pilot high definition transmissions to a limited number of cities. By the end of the season, the channel Mega, the oldest privately owned national television station, stopped all live broadcasts, after a worker strike, due to its workers being unpaid for several month...	[]	[ "History", "The continuation of HD broadcasting and the closure of Mega" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-017	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	Rebranding of ERT HD	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	On 9 February 2019, ERT renamed its HD channel into ERT Sports HD. Now its programs aim at sports broadcasting.	[]	[ "History", "Rebranding of ERT HD" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-018	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	Current networks	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	By the end of the decade, Greece had five national state-owned networks, four state-owned national digital television networks, a state-owned satellite broadcast network, and several national private television networks, in addition to approximately 150 local and regional television stations broadcasting across the cou...	[]	[ "History", "Current networks" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-019	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	The reopening of Mega	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	The 2020s show the reopening of the Mega Channel. After Vaggelis Marinakis' purchase of the channel's archive, he managed to relaunch Mega, under the same name and with a similar format (a combination of news programs, movies and Mega's old Greek TV shows). The network resumed broadcasting on 17 February 2020.	[]	[ "History", "The reopening of Mega" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-020	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	Digital terrestrial television	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	In 2005, Alpha TV briefly ran experimental broadcasts in DVB-T locally in Athens, while in Heraklion, Crete, a regional network, CreteTV, in conjunction with the University of Crete, also started digital broadcasts. In January 2006, the state broadcaster ERT launched free-to-air digital terrestrial television (DVB-T) ...	[]	[ "Digital terrestrial television" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-021	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	Cable television	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	The first cable television operator in Greece is located at Kalamaria in Thessaloniki. Hellenic Cable Networks (www.hcn.gr) among cable internet services offers digital video broadcasting - cable and analog TV services without the need of an external STB.	[]	[ "Cable television" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-022	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	Internet TV	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	Late of 2003 was created the TVonline which was the first television station with its own productions and broadcast its program only via internet.	[]	[ "Internet TV" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-023	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	IPTV	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	In 2006, two companies began offering television service via IPTV, namely Vivodi Telecom and On Telecoms. Both of these went out of business. They offered television service bundled with High-speed Internet & Telephony services. Their channel offerings included local Greek networks, international stations and pay-TV n...	[]	[ "IPTV" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310231-025	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20in%20Greece	Television in Greece	See also	Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966, preceded in 1951 by statute 1963 permitting television broadcasting.	List of Greek television series List of Greek-language television channels "Prosopa" Greek Television Awards	[]	[ "See also" ]	[ "Television in Greece", "1966 establishments in Greece", "Mass media in Greece" ]
projected-00310234-000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20%28crime%29	Battery (crime)	Introduction		Battery is a criminal offense involving unlawful physical contact, distinct from assault which is the act of creating apprehension of such contact. Battery is a specific common law offense, although the term is used more generally to refer to any unlawful offensive physical contact with another person. Battery is defi...	[]	[ "Introduction" ]	[ "Common law offences in England and Wales", "Crimes", "Criminology", "Offences against the person", "Violence" ]
projected-00310234-001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20%28crime%29	Battery (crime)	Generally	Battery is a criminal offense involving unlawful physical contact, distinct from assault which is the act of creating apprehension of such contact. Battery is a specific common law offense, although the term is used more generally to refer to any unlawful offensive physical contact with another person. Battery is defi...	Specific rules regarding battery vary among different jurisdictions, but some elements remain constant across jurisdictions. Battery generally requires that: an offensive touch or contact is made upon the victim, instigated by the actor; and the actor intends or knows that their action will cause the offensive touch...	[]	[ "Generally" ]	[ "Common law offences in England and Wales", "Crimes", "Criminology", "Offences against the person", "Violence" ]
projected-00310234-003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20%28crime%29	Battery (crime)	Canada	Battery is a criminal offense involving unlawful physical contact, distinct from assault which is the act of creating apprehension of such contact. Battery is a specific common law offense, although the term is used more generally to refer to any unlawful offensive physical contact with another person. Battery is defi...	Battery is not defined in the Canadian Criminal Code. Instead, the Code has an offense of assault, and assault causing bodily harm.	[]	[ "Specific countries", "Canada" ]	[ "Common law offences in England and Wales", "Crimes", "Criminology", "Offences against the person", "Violence" ]
projected-00310234-004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20%28crime%29	Battery (crime)	England and Wales	Battery is a criminal offense involving unlawful physical contact, distinct from assault which is the act of creating apprehension of such contact. Battery is a specific common law offense, although the term is used more generally to refer to any unlawful offensive physical contact with another person. Battery is defi...	Battery is a common law offence within England and Wales. As with the majority of offences in the UK, it has two elements: Actus reus: The defendant unlawfully touched or applied force to the victim Mens rea: The defendant intended or was reckless as to the unlawful touch or application of force This offence is a c...	[]	[ "Specific countries", "England and Wales" ]	[ "Common law offences in England and Wales", "Crimes", "Criminology", "Offences against the person", "Violence" ]
projected-00310234-005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20%28crime%29	Battery (crime)	Whether it is a statutory offence	Battery is a criminal offense involving unlawful physical contact, distinct from assault which is the act of creating apprehension of such contact. Battery is a specific common law offense, although the term is used more generally to refer to any unlawful offensive physical contact with another person. Battery is defi...	In DPP v Taylor, DPP v Little, it was held that battery is a statutory offence, contrary to section 39 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988. This decision was criticised in Haystead v DPP where the Divisional court expressed the obiter opinion that battery remains a common law offence. Therefore, whilst it may be a better...	[]	[ "Specific countries", "England and Wales", "Whether it is a statutory offence" ]	[ "Common law offences in England and Wales", "Crimes", "Criminology", "Offences against the person", "Violence" ]
projected-00310234-006	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20%28crime%29	Battery (crime)	Mode of trial and sentence	Battery is a criminal offense involving unlawful physical contact, distinct from assault which is the act of creating apprehension of such contact. Battery is a specific common law offense, although the term is used more generally to refer to any unlawful offensive physical contact with another person. Battery is defi...	In England and Wales, battery is a summary offence under section 39 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988. However, by virtue of section 40, it can be tried on indictment where another indictable offence is also charged which is founded on the same facts or together with which it forms part of a series of offences of simila...	[]	[ "Specific countries", "England and Wales", "Mode of trial and sentence" ]	[ "Common law offences in England and Wales", "Crimes", "Criminology", "Offences against the person", "Violence" ]
projected-00310234-007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20%28crime%29	Battery (crime)	Russia	Battery is a criminal offense involving unlawful physical contact, distinct from assault which is the act of creating apprehension of such contact. Battery is a specific common law offense, although the term is used more generally to refer to any unlawful offensive physical contact with another person. Battery is defi...	There is an offence which could be (loosely) described as battery in Russia. Article 116 of the Russian Criminal Code provides that battery or similar violent actions which cause pain are an offence.	[]	[ "Russia" ]	[ "Common law offences in England and Wales", "Crimes", "Criminology", "Offences against the person", "Violence" ]
projected-00310234-008	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20%28crime%29	Battery (crime)	Scotland	Battery is a criminal offense involving unlawful physical contact, distinct from assault which is the act of creating apprehension of such contact. Battery is a specific common law offense, although the term is used more generally to refer to any unlawful offensive physical contact with another person. Battery is defi...	There is no distinct offence of battery in Scotland. The offence of assault includes acts that could be described as battery.	[]	[ "Scotland" ]	[ "Common law offences in England and Wales", "Crimes", "Criminology", "Offences against the person", "Violence" ]
projected-00310234-009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20%28crime%29	Battery (crime)	United States	Battery is a criminal offense involving unlawful physical contact, distinct from assault which is the act of creating apprehension of such contact. Battery is a specific common law offense, although the term is used more generally to refer to any unlawful offensive physical contact with another person. Battery is defi...	In the United States, criminal battery, or simple battery, is the use of force against another, resulting in harmful or offensive contact, including sexual contact. At common law, simple battery is a misdemeanor. The prosecutor must prove all three elements beyond a reasonable doubt: an unlawful application of force ...	[]	[ "United States" ]	[ "Common law offences in England and Wales", "Crimes", "Criminology", "Offences against the person", "Violence" ]
projected-00310234-010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20%28crime%29	Battery (crime)	Kansas	Battery is a criminal offense involving unlawful physical contact, distinct from assault which is the act of creating apprehension of such contact. Battery is a specific common law offense, although the term is used more generally to refer to any unlawful offensive physical contact with another person. Battery is defi...	In the state of Kansas, battery is defined as follows: Battery. (a) Battery is: (1) Knowingly or recklessly causing bodily harm to another person; or (2) knowingly causing physical contact with another person when done in a rude, insulting or angry manner.	[]	[ "United States", "Kansas" ]	[ "Common law offences in England and Wales", "Crimes", "Criminology", "Offences against the person", "Violence" ]
projected-00310234-011	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20%28crime%29	Battery (crime)	Louisiana	Battery is a criminal offense involving unlawful physical contact, distinct from assault which is the act of creating apprehension of such contact. Battery is a specific common law offense, although the term is used more generally to refer to any unlawful offensive physical contact with another person. Battery is defi...	The law on battery in Louisiana reads: § 33. Battery defined Battery is the intentional use of force or violence upon the person of another; or the intentional administration of a poison or other noxious liquid or substance to another.	[]	[ "United States", "Louisiana" ]	[ "Common law offences in England and Wales", "Crimes", "Criminology", "Offences against the person", "Violence" ]
projected-00310234-012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20%28crime%29	Battery (crime)	Jurisdictional differences	Battery is a criminal offense involving unlawful physical contact, distinct from assault which is the act of creating apprehension of such contact. Battery is a specific common law offense, although the term is used more generally to refer to any unlawful offensive physical contact with another person. Battery is defi...	In some jurisdictions, battery has recently been constructed to include directing bodily secretions (i.e., spitting) at another person without their permission. Some of those jurisdictions automatically elevate such a battery to the charge of aggravated battery. In some jurisdictions, the charge of criminal battery als...	[]	[ "Jurisdictional differences" ]	[ "Common law offences in England and Wales", "Crimes", "Criminology", "Offences against the person", "Violence" ]
projected-00310234-013	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20%28crime%29	Battery (crime)	Distinction between battery and assault	Battery is a criminal offense involving unlawful physical contact, distinct from assault which is the act of creating apprehension of such contact. Battery is a specific common law offense, although the term is used more generally to refer to any unlawful offensive physical contact with another person. Battery is defi...	A typical overt behavior of an assault is Person A chasing Person B and swinging a fist toward their head. That for battery is A striking B. Battery requires: a volitional act, that results in a harmful or offensive contact with another person, and is committed for the purpose of causing a harmful or offensive contact...	[]	[ "Distinction between battery and assault" ]	[ "Common law offences in England and Wales", "Crimes", "Criminology", "Offences against the person", "Violence" ]
projected-00310234-014	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20%28crime%29	Battery (crime)	See also	Battery is a criminal offense involving unlawful physical contact, distinct from assault which is the act of creating apprehension of such contact. Battery is a specific common law offense, although the term is used more generally to refer to any unlawful offensive physical contact with another person. Battery is defi...	Assault (tort) Assault occasioning actual bodily harm Battery (tort) Non-fatal offences against the person in English law Right of self-defense	[]	[ "See also" ]	[ "Common law offences in England and Wales", "Crimes", "Criminology", "Offences against the person", "Violence" ]
projected-00310234-015	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20%28crime%29	Battery (crime)	References	Battery is a criminal offense involving unlawful physical contact, distinct from assault which is the act of creating apprehension of such contact. Battery is a specific common law offense, although the term is used more generally to refer to any unlawful offensive physical contact with another person. Battery is defi...	Category:Common law offences in England and Wales Category:Crimes Category:Criminology Category:Offences against the person Category:Violence	[]	[ "References" ]	[ "Common law offences in England and Wales", "Crimes", "Criminology", "Offences against the person", "Violence" ]
projected-00310236-000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union%20des%20forces%20progressistes%20%28Quebec%29	Union des forces progressistes (Quebec)	Introduction		The Union des forces progressistes (UFP) was a left-wing political party in Quebec, Canada, active from 2002 to 2006.	[]	[ "Introduction" ]	[ "2002 establishments in Quebec", "2006 disestablishments in Quebec", "Alter-globalization", "Defunct provincial political parties in Quebec", "Left-wing nationalist parties", "Political parties disestablished in 2006", "Political parties established in 2002", "Provincial political parties in Quebec", ...
projected-00310236-001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union%20des%20forces%20progressistes%20%28Quebec%29	Union des forces progressistes (Quebec)	History	The Union des forces progressistes (UFP) was a left-wing political party in Quebec, Canada, active from 2002 to 2006.	The Union des Forces Progressistes (UFP) was formed in 2002 out of desire to unite Québec's leftists into a political party. Four parties merged to form the Union: the Rassemblement pour l'alternative progressiste (RAP), the Parti de la démocratie socialiste (PDS), formerly the New Democratic Party of Quebec the Par...	[]	[ "History" ]	[ "2002 establishments in Quebec", "2006 disestablishments in Quebec", "Alter-globalization", "Defunct provincial political parties in Quebec", "Left-wing nationalist parties", "Political parties disestablished in 2006", "Political parties established in 2002", "Provincial political parties in Quebec", ...
projected-00310236-002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union%20des%20forces%20progressistes%20%28Quebec%29	Union des forces progressistes (Quebec)	Principles and aims	The Union des forces progressistes (UFP) was a left-wing political party in Quebec, Canada, active from 2002 to 2006.	The aim of the UFP was to bring together progressive forces across the broad left wing of the political spectrum, including social democrats, socialists and communists. The UFP also advocated altermondialism, feminism, pacifism and green politics. Its platform did not specifically endorse social democracy, socialism, ...	[]	[ "Principles and aims" ]	[ "2002 establishments in Quebec", "2006 disestablishments in Quebec", "Alter-globalization", "Defunct provincial political parties in Quebec", "Left-wing nationalist parties", "Political parties disestablished in 2006", "Political parties established in 2002", "Provincial political parties in Quebec", ...
projected-00310236-003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union%20des%20forces%20progressistes%20%28Quebec%29	Union des forces progressistes (Quebec)	UFP position on the national question	The Union des forces progressistes (UFP) was a left-wing political party in Quebec, Canada, active from 2002 to 2006.	From the Preamble of the UFP political platform, Building a world that reflects our ideals! : UFP members share the view that the answer to the national question, and by extension social emancipation, is sovereignty for the Quebec people. The UFP believes that Quebec should become a country, free from the federalist y...	[]	[ "UFP position on the national question" ]	[ "2002 establishments in Quebec", "2006 disestablishments in Quebec", "Alter-globalization", "Defunct provincial political parties in Quebec", "Left-wing nationalist parties", "Political parties disestablished in 2006", "Political parties established in 2002", "Provincial political parties in Quebec", ...
projected-00310236-004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union%20des%20forces%20progressistes%20%28Quebec%29	Union des forces progressistes (Quebec)	Representatives	The Union des forces progressistes (UFP) was a left-wing political party in Quebec, Canada, active from 2002 to 2006.	Pierre Dostie and Molly Alexander (2002–2004) Amir Khadir and Denise Veilleux (2004–2006)	[]	[ "Representatives" ]	[ "2002 establishments in Quebec", "2006 disestablishments in Quebec", "Alter-globalization", "Defunct provincial political parties in Quebec", "Left-wing nationalist parties", "Political parties disestablished in 2006", "Political parties established in 2002", "Provincial political parties in Quebec", ...
projected-00310236-006	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union%20des%20forces%20progressistes%20%28Quebec%29	Union des forces progressistes (Quebec)	See also	The Union des forces progressistes (UFP) was a left-wing political party in Quebec, Canada, active from 2002 to 2006.	Politics of Quebec List of Quebec leaders of the Opposition Political parties in Quebec SPQ Libre David Fennario	[]	[ "See also" ]	[ "2002 establishments in Quebec", "2006 disestablishments in Quebec", "Alter-globalization", "Defunct provincial political parties in Quebec", "Left-wing nationalist parties", "Political parties disestablished in 2006", "Political parties established in 2002", "Provincial political parties in Quebec", ...
projected-00310238-000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vi%C3%A8te	François Viète	Introduction		François Viète, Seigneur de la Bigotière (; 1540 – 23 February 1603) was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry ...	[]	[ "Introduction" ]	[ "1540 births", "1603 deaths", "People from Fontenay-le-Comte", "Pre-19th-century cryptographers", "16th-century French mathematicians", "Algebraists", "French cryptographers", "University of Poitiers alumni" ]
projected-00310238-002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vi%C3%A8te	François Viète	Early life and education	François Viète, Seigneur de la Bigotière (; 1540 – 23 February 1603) was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry ...	Viète was born at Fontenay-le-Comte in present-day Vendée. His grandfather was a merchant from La Rochelle. His father, Etienne Viète, was an attorney in Fontenay-le-Comte and a notary in Le Busseau. His mother was the aunt of Barnabé Brisson, a magistrate and the first president of parliament during the ascendancy of ...	[]	[ "Biography", "Early life and education" ]	[ "1540 births", "1603 deaths", "People from Fontenay-le-Comte", "Pre-19th-century cryptographers", "16th-century French mathematicians", "Algebraists", "French cryptographers", "University of Poitiers alumni" ]
projected-00310238-003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vi%C3%A8te	François Viète	Serving Parthenay	François Viète, Seigneur de la Bigotière (; 1540 – 23 February 1603) was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry ...	In 1564, Viète entered the service of Antoinette d’Aubeterre, Lady Soubise, wife of Jean V de Parthenay-Soubise, one of the main Huguenot military leaders and accompanied him to Lyon to collect documents about his heroic defence of that city against the troops of Jacques of Savoy, 2nd Duke of Nemours just the year befo...	[]	[ "Biography", "Serving Parthenay" ]	[ "1540 births", "1603 deaths", "People from Fontenay-le-Comte", "Pre-19th-century cryptographers", "16th-century French mathematicians", "Algebraists", "French cryptographers", "University of Poitiers alumni" ]
projected-00310238-004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vi%C3%A8te	François Viète	First steps in Paris	François Viète, Seigneur de la Bigotière (; 1540 – 23 February 1603) was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry ...	In 1571, he enrolled as an attorney in Paris, and continued to visit his student Catherine. He regularly lived in Fontenay-le-Comte, where he took on some municipal functions. He began publishing his Universalium inspectionum ad Canonem mathematicum liber singularis and wrote new mathematical research by night or durin...	[]	[ "Biography", "First steps in Paris" ]	[ "1540 births", "1603 deaths", "People from Fontenay-le-Comte", "Pre-19th-century cryptographers", "16th-century French mathematicians", "Algebraists", "French cryptographers", "University of Poitiers alumni" ]
projected-00310238-005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vi%C3%A8te	François Viète	Exile in Fontenay	François Viète, Seigneur de la Bigotière (; 1540 – 23 February 1603) was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry ...	Between 1583 and 1585, the League persuaded Henry III to release Viète, Viète having been accused of sympathy with the Protestant cause. Henry of Navarre, at Rohan's instigation, addressed two letters to King Henry III of France on March 3 and April 26, 1585, in an attempt to obtain Viète's restoration to his former of...	[]	[ "Biography", "Exile in Fontenay" ]	[ "1540 births", "1603 deaths", "People from Fontenay-le-Comte", "Pre-19th-century cryptographers", "16th-century French mathematicians", "Algebraists", "French cryptographers", "University of Poitiers alumni" ]
projected-00310238-006	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vi%C3%A8te	François Viète	Code-breaker to two kings	François Viète, Seigneur de la Bigotière (; 1540 – 23 February 1603) was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry ...	In 1589, Henry III took refuge in Blois. He commanded the royal officials to be at Tours before 15 April 1589. Viète was one of the first who came back to Tours. He deciphered the secret letters of the Catholic League and other enemies of the king. Later, he had arguments with the classical scholar Joseph Juste Scalige...	[]	[ "Biography", "Code-breaker to two kings" ]	[ "1540 births", "1603 deaths", "People from Fontenay-le-Comte", "Pre-19th-century cryptographers", "16th-century French mathematicians", "Algebraists", "French cryptographers", "University of Poitiers alumni" ]
projected-00310238-007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vi%C3%A8te	François Viète	Gregorian calendar	François Viète, Seigneur de la Bigotière (; 1540 – 23 February 1603) was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry ...	In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII published his bull Inter gravissimas and ordered Catholic kings to comply with the change from the Julian calendar, based on the calculations of the Calabrian doctor Aloysius Lilius, aka Luigi Lilio or Luigi Giglio. His work was resumed, after his death, by the scientific adviser to the Pope,...	[]	[ "Biography", "Gregorian calendar" ]	[ "1540 births", "1603 deaths", "People from Fontenay-le-Comte", "Pre-19th-century cryptographers", "16th-century French mathematicians", "Algebraists", "French cryptographers", "University of Poitiers alumni" ]
projected-00310238-008	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vi%C3%A8te	François Viète	The Adriaan van Roomen problem	François Viète, Seigneur de la Bigotière (; 1540 – 23 February 1603) was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry ...	In 1596, Scaliger resumed his attacks from the University of Leyden. Viète replied definitively the following year. In March that same year, Adriaan van Roomen sought the resolution, by any of Europe's top mathematicians, to a polynomial equation of degree 45. King Henri IV received a snub from the Dutch ambassador, wh...	[]	[ "Biography", "The Adriaan van Roomen problem" ]	[ "1540 births", "1603 deaths", "People from Fontenay-le-Comte", "Pre-19th-century cryptographers", "16th-century French mathematicians", "Algebraists", "French cryptographers", "University of Poitiers alumni" ]
projected-00310238-009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vi%C3%A8te	François Viète	Final years	François Viète, Seigneur de la Bigotière (; 1540 – 23 February 1603) was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry ...	In 1598, Viète was granted special leave. Henry IV, however, charged him to end the revolt of the Notaries, whom the King had ordered to pay back their fees. Sick and exhausted by work, he left the King's service in December 1602 and received 20,000 écu, which were found at his bedside after his death. A few weeks bef...	[]	[ "Biography", "Final years" ]	[ "1540 births", "1603 deaths", "People from Fontenay-le-Comte", "Pre-19th-century cryptographers", "16th-century French mathematicians", "Algebraists", "French cryptographers", "University of Poitiers alumni" ]
projected-00310238-012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vi%C3%A8te	François Viète	Background	François Viète, Seigneur de la Bigotière (; 1540 – 23 February 1603) was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry ...	At the end of the 16th century, mathematics was placed under the dual aegis of the Greeks, from whom it borrowed the tools of geometry, and the Arabs, who provided procedures for the resolution. At the time of Viète, algebra therefore oscillated between arithmetic, which gave the appearance of a list of rules, and geom...	[]	[ "Work and thought", "New algebra", "Background" ]	[ "1540 births", "1603 deaths", "People from Fontenay-le-Comte", "Pre-19th-century cryptographers", "16th-century French mathematicians", "Algebraists", "French cryptographers", "University of Poitiers alumni" ]
projected-00310238-013	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vi%C3%A8te	François Viète	Viète's symbolic algebra	François Viète, Seigneur de la Bigotière (; 1540 – 23 February 1603) was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry ...	Firstly, Viète gave algebra a foundation as strong as that of geometry. He then ended the algebra of procedures (al-Jabr and al-Muqabala), creating the first symbolic algebra, and claiming that with it, all problems could be solved (nullum non problema solvere). In his dedication of the Isagoge to Catherine de Parthen...	[]	[ "Work and thought", "New algebra", "Viète's symbolic algebra" ]	[ "1540 births", "1603 deaths", "People from Fontenay-le-Comte", "Pre-19th-century cryptographers", "16th-century French mathematicians", "Algebraists", "French cryptographers", "University of Poitiers alumni" ]
projected-00310238-014	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vi%C3%A8te	François Viète	Geometric algebra	François Viète, Seigneur de la Bigotière (; 1540 – 23 February 1603) was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry ...	Viète was well skilled in most modern artifices, aiming at the simplification of equations by the substitution of new quantities having a certain connection with the primitive unknown quantities. Another of his works, Recensio canonica effectionum geometricarum, bears a modern stamp, being what was later called an alge...	[]	[ "Work and thought", "New algebra", "Geometric algebra" ]	[ "1540 births", "1603 deaths", "People from Fontenay-le-Comte", "Pre-19th-century cryptographers", "16th-century French mathematicians", "Algebraists", "French cryptographers", "University of Poitiers alumni" ]
projected-00310238-015	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vi%C3%A8te	François Viète	The logic of species	François Viète, Seigneur de la Bigotière (; 1540 – 23 February 1603) was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry ...	Being wealthy, Viète began to publish at his own expense, for a few friends and scholars in almost every country of Europe, the systematic presentation of his mathematic theory, which he called "species logistic" (from species: symbol) or art of calculation on symbols (1591). He described in three stages how to procee...	[]	[ "The logic of species" ]	[ "1540 births", "1603 deaths", "People from Fontenay-le-Comte", "Pre-19th-century cryptographers", "16th-century French mathematicians", "Algebraists", "French cryptographers", "University of Poitiers alumni" ]
projected-00310238-016	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vi%C3%A8te	François Viète	Viète's formula	François Viète, Seigneur de la Bigotière (; 1540 – 23 February 1603) was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry ...	In 1593, based on geometrical considerations and through trigonometric calculations perfectly mastered, he discovered the first infinite product in the history of mathematics by giving an expression of , now known as Viète's formula: He provides 10 decimal places of by applying the Archimedes method to a polygon with...	[]	[ "Viète's formula" ]	[ "1540 births", "1603 deaths", "People from Fontenay-le-Comte", "Pre-19th-century cryptographers", "16th-century French mathematicians", "Algebraists", "French cryptographers", "University of Poitiers alumni" ]
projected-00310238-017	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vi%C3%A8te	François Viète	Adriaan van Roomen's problem	François Viète, Seigneur de la Bigotière (; 1540 – 23 February 1603) was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry ...	This famous controversy is told by Tallemant des Réaux in these terms (46th story from the first volume of Les Historiettes. Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire du XVIIe siècle): This suggests that the Adrien van Roomen problem is an equation of 45°, which Viète recognized immediately as a chord of an arc of 8° ( radian...	[]	[ "Adriaan van Roomen's problem" ]	[ "1540 births", "1603 deaths", "People from Fontenay-le-Comte", "Pre-19th-century cryptographers", "16th-century French mathematicians", "Algebraists", "French cryptographers", "University of Poitiers alumni" ]
projected-00310238-018	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vi%C3%A8te	François Viète	Religious and political beliefs	François Viète, Seigneur de la Bigotière (; 1540 – 23 February 1603) was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry ...	Viète was accused of Protestantism by the Catholic League, but he was not a Huguenot. His father was, according to Dhombres. Indifferent in religious matters, he did not adopt the Calvinist faith of Parthenay, nor that of his other protectors, the Rohan family. His call to the parliament of Rennes proved the opposite. ...	[]	[ "Religious and political beliefs" ]	[ "1540 births", "1603 deaths", "People from Fontenay-le-Comte", "Pre-19th-century cryptographers", "16th-century French mathematicians", "Algebraists", "French cryptographers", "University of Poitiers alumni" ]
projected-00310238-019	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vi%C3%A8te	François Viète	Publications	François Viète, Seigneur de la Bigotière (; 1540 – 23 February 1603) was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry ...	Chronological list Between 1564 and 1568, Viète prepared for his student, Catherine de Parthenay, some textbooks of astronomy and trigonometry and a treatise that was never published: Harmonicon coeleste. In 1571, Francisci Vietaei Universalium inspectionum ad Canonem mathematicum liber singularis (a book of trigonom...	[]	[ "Publications" ]	[ "1540 births", "1603 deaths", "People from Fontenay-le-Comte", "Pre-19th-century cryptographers", "16th-century French mathematicians", "Algebraists", "French cryptographers", "University of Poitiers alumni" ]
projected-00310238-020	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vi%C3%A8te	François Viète	Reception and influence	François Viète, Seigneur de la Bigotière (; 1540 – 23 February 1603) was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry ...	During the ascendancy of the Catholic League, Viète's secretary was Nathaniel Tarporley, perhaps one of the more interesting and enigmatic mathematicians of 16th-century England. When he returned to London, Tarporley became one of the trusted friends of Thomas Harriot. Apart from Catherine de Parthenay, Viète's other ...	[]	[ "Reception and influence" ]	[ "1540 births", "1603 deaths", "People from Fontenay-le-Comte", "Pre-19th-century cryptographers", "16th-century French mathematicians", "Algebraists", "French cryptographers", "University of Poitiers alumni" ]
projected-00310240-000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police%20officer	Police officer	Introduction		A police officer (also called a policeman and, less commonly, a policewoman) is a warranted law employee of a police force. In most countries, "police officer" is a generic term not specifying a particular rank. In some, the use of the rank "officer" is legally reserved for military personnel. Police officers are gene...	[]	[ "Introduction" ]	[ "Law enforcement occupations", "Police officers", "Positions of authority" ]
projected-00310240-001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police%20officer	Police officer	Etymology	A police officer (also called a policeman and, less commonly, a policewoman) is a warranted law employee of a police force. In most countries, "police officer" is a generic term not specifying a particular rank. In some, the use of the rank "officer" is legally reserved for military personnel. Police officers are gene...	The word "police" comes from the Greek , meaning government, which came to mean its civil administration. The more general term for the function is law enforcement officer or peace officer. A sheriff is typically the top police officer of a county, with that word coming from the person enforcing law over a shire. A per...	[]	[ "Etymology" ]	[ "Law enforcement occupations", "Police officers", "Positions of authority" ]
projected-00310240-002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police%20officer	Police officer	Duties and functions	A police officer (also called a policeman and, less commonly, a policewoman) is a warranted law employee of a police force. In most countries, "police officer" is a generic term not specifying a particular rank. In some, the use of the rank "officer" is legally reserved for military personnel. Police officers are gene...	The responsibilities of a police officer are varied, and may differ greatly from within one political context to another. Typical duties relate to keeping the peace, law enforcement, protection of people and property and the investigation of crimes. Officers are expected to respond to a variety of situations that may a...	[]	[ "Duties and functions" ]	[ "Law enforcement occupations", "Police officers", "Positions of authority" ]
projected-00310240-003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police%20officer	Police officer	Entry and promotion qualifications	A police officer (also called a policeman and, less commonly, a policewoman) is a warranted law employee of a police force. In most countries, "police officer" is a generic term not specifying a particular rank. In some, the use of the rank "officer" is legally reserved for military personnel. Police officers are gene...	In most countries, candidates for the police force must have completed some formal education. Increasing numbers of people joining the police possess tertiary education qualifications and in response to this, many police forces have developed a "fast-track" scheme whereby those with university degrees spend two to thre...	[ "Pol mun agenti.jpg" ]	[ "Entry and promotion qualifications" ]	[ "Law enforcement occupations", "Police officers", "Positions of authority" ]
projected-00310240-004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police%20officer	Police officer	Pay	A police officer (also called a policeman and, less commonly, a policewoman) is a warranted law employee of a police force. In most countries, "police officer" is a generic term not specifying a particular rank. In some, the use of the rank "officer" is legally reserved for military personnel. Police officers are gene...	In some societies, police officers are paid relatively well compared to other occupations; their pay depends on what rank they are within their police force and how many years they have served. In the United States, an average police officer's salary was between $53,561 and $64,581 in 2020. In London, capital of the UK...	[]	[ "Pay" ]	[ "Law enforcement occupations", "Police officers", "Positions of authority" ]
projected-00310240-005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police%20officer	Police officer	Occupational safety and health	A police officer (also called a policeman and, less commonly, a policewoman) is a warranted law employee of a police force. In most countries, "police officer" is a generic term not specifying a particular rank. In some, the use of the rank "officer" is legally reserved for military personnel. Police officers are gene...	There are numerous concerns affecting the safety and health of police officers, including occupational stress and death in the line of duty. On August 6, 2019, New Jersey Attorney General Gurbir Grewal announced the creation of the first U.S. state-wide program to support the mental health of police officers. The goal ...	[]	[ "Occupational safety and health" ]	[ "Law enforcement occupations", "Police officers", "Positions of authority" ]
projected-00310240-007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police%20officer	Police officer	Individual cases	A police officer (also called a policeman and, less commonly, a policewoman) is a warranted law employee of a police force. In most countries, "police officer" is a generic term not specifying a particular rank. In some, the use of the rank "officer" is legally reserved for military personnel. Police officers are gene...	Almost universally, police officers are authorized to use force, up to and including deadly force, when acting in a law enforcement capacity. Although most law enforcement agencies follow some variant of the use of force continuum, where officers are only authorized to use the level of force required to match situation...	[]	[ "Application of force", "Individual cases" ]	[ "Law enforcement occupations", "Police officers", "Positions of authority" ]
projected-00310240-008	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police%20officer	Police officer	Accountability	A police officer (also called a policeman and, less commonly, a policewoman) is a warranted law employee of a police force. In most countries, "police officer" is a generic term not specifying a particular rank. In some, the use of the rank "officer" is legally reserved for military personnel. Police officers are gene...	In the performance of their duties, police officers may act unlawfully, either deliberately or as a result of errors in judgment. Police accountability efforts strive to protect citizens and their rights by ensuring legal and effective law enforcement conduct, while affording individual officers the required autonomy, ...	[]	[ "Application of force", "Accountability" ]	[ "Law enforcement occupations", "Police officers", "Positions of authority" ]
projected-00310240-009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police%20officer	Police officer	See also	A police officer (also called a policeman and, less commonly, a policewoman) is a warranted law employee of a police force. In most countries, "police officer" is a generic term not specifying a particular rank. In some, the use of the rank "officer" is legally reserved for military personnel. Police officers are gene...	Field training officer Gypsy cop Internal affairs List of slang terms for police officers Military police Peace officer Provost (military police)	[]	[ "See also" ]	[ "Law enforcement occupations", "Police officers", "Positions of authority" ]
projected-00310244-000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20Mystical%20Order%20Rosae%20Crucis	Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis	Introduction		The Ancient and Mystical Order Rosæ Crucis (AMORC), also known as the Rosicrucian Order, is the largest Rosicrucian organization in the world. It has various lodges, chapters and other affiliated bodies throughout the globe, operating in 19 different languages. It operates as a fraternal order in the mystical tradition...	[]	[ "Introduction" ]	[ "Rosicrucian organizations", "Organizations established in 1915", "New religious movements", "Organizations based in San Jose, California", "Charities based in California", "Religious charities based in the United States", "Secret societies" ]
projected-00310244-001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20Mystical%20Order%20Rosae%20Crucis	Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis	Name	The Ancient and Mystical Order Rosæ Crucis (AMORC), also known as the Rosicrucian Order, is the largest Rosicrucian organization in the world. It has various lodges, chapters and other affiliated bodies throughout the globe, operating in 19 different languages. It operates as a fraternal order in the mystical tradition...	The name AMORC is an abbreviation of the Latin title Antiquus Mysticusque Ordo Rosæ Crucis ("Ancient and Mystic Order of the Rosy Cross" – "Antiquus Arcanus Ordo Rosae Rubeae et Aureae Crucis"). Harvey Spencer Lewis, author and mystic who re-activated AMORC in the United States of America, wrote that "from the very sta...	[]	[ "Name" ]	[ "Rosicrucian organizations", "Organizations established in 1915", "New religious movements", "Organizations based in San Jose, California", "Charities based in California", "Religious charities based in the United States", "Secret societies" ]
projected-00310244-002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20Mystical%20Order%20Rosae%20Crucis	Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis	Teachings	The Ancient and Mystical Order Rosæ Crucis (AMORC), also known as the Rosicrucian Order, is the largest Rosicrucian organization in the world. It has various lodges, chapters and other affiliated bodies throughout the globe, operating in 19 different languages. It operates as a fraternal order in the mystical tradition...	AMORC's teachings cover what may be termed the "Sacred Sciences" and include ideas based on the major philosophers, particularly Pythagoras, Thales, Solon, Heraclitus, Democritus. The teachings are divided into "Degrees" which are further grouped into broad categories under titles such as Postulant, Neophyte, and Init...	[]	[ "Teachings" ]	[ "Rosicrucian organizations", "Organizations established in 1915", "New religious movements", "Organizations based in San Jose, California", "Charities based in California", "Religious charities based in the United States", "Secret societies" ]
projected-00310244-003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20Mystical%20Order%20Rosae%20Crucis	Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis	Organization and structure	The Ancient and Mystical Order Rosæ Crucis (AMORC), also known as the Rosicrucian Order, is the largest Rosicrucian organization in the world. It has various lodges, chapters and other affiliated bodies throughout the globe, operating in 19 different languages. It operates as a fraternal order in the mystical tradition...	AMORC is a worldwide organization, established in the United States as a nonprofit 501(c)(3) public benefit corporation, with the specific and primary purpose of advancing the knowledge of its history, principles, and teachings for charitable, educational, and scientific purposes. It is financed mainly through fees pai...	[]	[ "Organization and structure" ]	[ "Rosicrucian organizations", "Organizations established in 1915", "New religious movements", "Organizations based in San Jose, California", "Charities based in California", "Religious charities based in the United States", "Secret societies" ]
projected-00310244-004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20Mystical%20Order%20Rosae%20Crucis	Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis	History	The Ancient and Mystical Order Rosæ Crucis (AMORC), also known as the Rosicrucian Order, is the largest Rosicrucian organization in the world. It has various lodges, chapters and other affiliated bodies throughout the globe, operating in 19 different languages. It operates as a fraternal order in the mystical tradition...	According to AMORC's internal history, in 1909 Harvey Spencer Lewis visited France in search of Rosicrucians, was initiated in Toulouse, France, and given the mandate to establish an order in North America. After further qualification and preparation, the first official Manifesto was issued in the United States in 1915...	[ "Francis Bacon.jpg", "Boehme Portrait 1730.jpeg" ]	[ "History" ]	[ "Rosicrucian organizations", "Organizations established in 1915", "New religious movements", "Organizations based in San Jose, California", "Charities based in California", "Religious charities based in the United States", "Secret societies" ]
projected-00310244-005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20Mystical%20Order%20Rosae%20Crucis	Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis	Leadership and new groups	The Ancient and Mystical Order Rosæ Crucis (AMORC), also known as the Rosicrucian Order, is the largest Rosicrucian organization in the world. It has various lodges, chapters and other affiliated bodies throughout the globe, operating in 19 different languages. It operates as a fraternal order in the mystical tradition...	From 1915 to 1990, the leadership of AMORC was entrusted to the Office of an Imperator, who was solely responsible for all doctrine and ritual of the Order, as well as a corporate president who sat at the head of the board of directors, which was responsible for determining all corporate matters related to the organiza...	[ "Napoleon bp collar.jpg" ]	[ "History", "Leadership and new groups" ]	[ "Rosicrucian organizations", "Organizations established in 1915", "New religious movements", "Organizations based in San Jose, California", "Charities based in California", "Religious charities based in the United States", "Secret societies" ]
projected-00310244-006	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20Mystical%20Order%20Rosae%20Crucis	Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis	Public activities	The Ancient and Mystical Order Rosæ Crucis (AMORC), also known as the Rosicrucian Order, is the largest Rosicrucian organization in the world. It has various lodges, chapters and other affiliated bodies throughout the globe, operating in 19 different languages. It operates as a fraternal order in the mystical tradition...	Many of the activities of the Rosicrucian Order AMORC are open to the public, as well as members. These include: Online Classes: In the fall of 2006, the English Grand Lodge for the Americas began offering free online classes in many subjects. Most of these Rose+Croix University Online Classes are open to both AMORC ...	[]	[ "Public activities" ]	[ "Rosicrucian organizations", "Organizations established in 1915", "New religious movements", "Organizations based in San Jose, California", "Charities based in California", "Religious charities based in the United States", "Secret societies" ]
projected-00310244-007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20Mystical%20Order%20Rosae%20Crucis	Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis	Rosicrucian Digest	The Ancient and Mystical Order Rosæ Crucis (AMORC), also known as the Rosicrucian Order, is the largest Rosicrucian organization in the world. It has various lodges, chapters and other affiliated bodies throughout the globe, operating in 19 different languages. It operates as a fraternal order in the mystical tradition...	The Rosicrucian Digest was first published in 1915 under the name American Rosae Crucis, and then The Triangle, The Mystic Triangle and finally the Rosicrucian Digest. It has been adapted to serve the needs of each period. Beginning with the December 2006 issue (Vol 84:2) the Digest began a series of multimedia themati...	[]	[ "Public activities", "Rosicrucian Digest" ]	[ "Rosicrucian organizations", "Organizations established in 1915", "New religious movements", "Organizations based in San Jose, California", "Charities based in California", "Religious charities based in the United States", "Secret societies" ]
projected-00310244-008	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20Mystical%20Order%20Rosae%20Crucis	Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis	Rose+Croix Journal	The Ancient and Mystical Order Rosæ Crucis (AMORC), also known as the Rosicrucian Order, is the largest Rosicrucian organization in the world. It has various lodges, chapters and other affiliated bodies throughout the globe, operating in 19 different languages. It operates as a fraternal order in the mystical tradition...	AMORC's Rose+Croix Journal is "an international, interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary, peer-reviewed online journal that focuses on topics that relate to the sciences, history, the arts, mysticism, and spirituality, especially interdisciplinary topics and transdisciplinary inquiries that traverse and lie beyond the lim...	[]	[ "Public activities", "Rose+Croix Journal" ]	[ "Rosicrucian organizations", "Organizations established in 1915", "New religious movements", "Organizations based in San Jose, California", "Charities based in California", "Religious charities based in the United States", "Secret societies" ]
projected-00310244-009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20Mystical%20Order%20Rosae%20Crucis	Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis	Multimedia and web presence	The Ancient and Mystical Order Rosæ Crucis (AMORC), also known as the Rosicrucian Order, is the largest Rosicrucian organization in the world. It has various lodges, chapters and other affiliated bodies throughout the globe, operating in 19 different languages. It operates as a fraternal order in the mystical tradition...	According to AMORC tradition, H. Spencer Lewis received the mandate from the Rosicrucians of Toulouse when he was initiated in 1909 to make the tradition available and comprehensible to modern women and men. In accord with this, H. Spencer Lewis, and after him Ralph M. Lewis, used all of the technologies available to t...	[]	[ "Public activities", "Multimedia and web presence" ]	[ "Rosicrucian organizations", "Organizations established in 1915", "New religious movements", "Organizations based in San Jose, California", "Charities based in California", "Religious charities based in the United States", "Secret societies" ]
projected-00310244-011	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20Mystical%20Order%20Rosae%20Crucis	Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis	Frater Rosae Crucis	The Ancient and Mystical Order Rosæ Crucis (AMORC), also known as the Rosicrucian Order, is the largest Rosicrucian organization in the world. It has various lodges, chapters and other affiliated bodies throughout the globe, operating in 19 different languages. It operates as a fraternal order in the mystical tradition...	AMORC awards the titles Frater Rosae Crucis and Soror Rosae Crucis to members initiated into the 10th Degree of the order. These members are considered to have attained a master level of understanding of the society's teachings. Awardees may use the post-nominal letters F.R.C. or S.R.C. Julie Scott holds the title of S...	[]	[ "Honors", "Frater Rosae Crucis" ]	[ "Rosicrucian organizations", "Organizations established in 1915", "New religious movements", "Organizations based in San Jose, California", "Charities based in California", "Religious charities based in the United States", "Secret societies" ]
projected-00310244-012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20Mystical%20Order%20Rosae%20Crucis	Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis	See also	The Ancient and Mystical Order Rosæ Crucis (AMORC), also known as the Rosicrucian Order, is the largest Rosicrucian organization in the world. It has various lodges, chapters and other affiliated bodies throughout the globe, operating in 19 different languages. It operates as a fraternal order in the mystical tradition...	FUDOSI, federation of esoteric orders FUDOFSI Martinism (traditional Martinist Order) Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum Theosophy Non-AMORC Rosicrucian groups Fraternitas Rosae Crucis Order of the Temple of the Rosy Cross The Rosicrucian Fellowship Societas Rosicruciana	[]	[ "See also" ]	[ "Rosicrucian organizations", "Organizations established in 1915", "New religious movements", "Organizations based in San Jose, California", "Charities based in California", "Religious charities based in the United States", "Secret societies" ]
projected-00310244-014	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20Mystical%20Order%20Rosae%20Crucis	Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis	Notes	The Ancient and Mystical Order Rosæ Crucis (AMORC), also known as the Rosicrucian Order, is the largest Rosicrucian organization in the world. It has various lodges, chapters and other affiliated bodies throughout the globe, operating in 19 different languages. It operates as a fraternal order in the mystical tradition...	Raymond Bernard – Questions and Answers , (2006). Mysteries of the Tradition. Retrieved on 14 February 2006. Mastery of Life, (2006). Rosicrucian Order, AMORC. Retrieved on 22 February 2006.	[]	[ "Notes" ]	[ "Rosicrucian organizations", "Organizations established in 1915", "New religious movements", "Organizations based in San Jose, California", "Charities based in California", "Religious charities based in the United States", "Secret societies" ]
projected-00310245-000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCR%20CRAM	NCR CRAM	Introduction		CRAM, or Card Random-Access Memory, model 353-1, was a data storage device invented by NCR, which first appeared on their model NCR-315 mainframe computer in 1962. It was also available for NCR's third generation NCR Century series as the NCR/653-100. A CRAM cartridge contained 256 3x14 inch cards with a PET film magn...	[]	[ "Introduction" ]	[ "Computer storage devices", "NCR Corporation products" ]
projected-00310245-001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCR%20CRAM	NCR CRAM	References	CRAM, or Card Random-Access Memory, model 353-1, was a data storage device invented by NCR, which first appeared on their model NCR-315 mainframe computer in 1962. It was also available for NCR's third generation NCR Century series as the NCR/653-100. A CRAM cartridge contained 256 3x14 inch cards with a PET film magn...	Product Brochure at Computer History Archive Category:Computer storage devices Category:NCR Corporation products	[]	[ "References" ]	[ "Computer storage devices", "NCR Corporation products" ]
projected-00310247-000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Recorde	Robert Recorde	Introduction		Robert Recorde () was an Anglo-Welsh physician and mathematician. He invented the equals sign (=) and also introduced the pre-existing plus sign (+) to English speakers in 1557.	[]	[ "Introduction" ]	[ "1510s births", "1558 deaths", "People from Tenby", "Welsh scientists", "Welsh philosophers", "Alumni of the University of Oxford", "Alumni of the University of Cambridge", "Welsh mathematicians", "16th-century English mathematicians", "16th-century Welsh medical doctors", "Fellows of All Souls ...
projected-00310247-001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Recorde	Robert Recorde	Biography	Robert Recorde () was an Anglo-Welsh physician and mathematician. He invented the equals sign (=) and also introduced the pre-existing plus sign (+) to English speakers in 1557.	Born around 1512, Robert Recorde was the second and last son of Thomas and Rose Recorde of Tenby, Pembrokeshire, in Wales. Recorde entered the University of Oxford about 1525, and was elected a Fellow of All Souls College there in 1531. Having adopted medicine as a profession, he went to the University of Cambridge t...	[]	[ "Biography" ]	[ "1510s births", "1558 deaths", "People from Tenby", "Welsh scientists", "Welsh philosophers", "Alumni of the University of Oxford", "Alumni of the University of Cambridge", "Welsh mathematicians", "16th-century English mathematicians", "16th-century Welsh medical doctors", "Fellows of All Souls ...
projected-00310247-002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Recorde	Robert Recorde	Publications	Robert Recorde () was an Anglo-Welsh physician and mathematician. He invented the equals sign (=) and also introduced the pre-existing plus sign (+) to English speakers in 1557.	Recorde published several works upon mathematical and medical subjects, chiefly in the form of dialogue between master and scholar, such as the following: The Grounde of Artes, teachings the Worke and Practise, of Arithmeticke, both in whole numbers and fractions (1543), the first English language book on algebra. The ...	[ "First Equation Ever.png", "Recorde - The Whetstone of Witte - equals.jpg" ]	[ "Publications" ]	[ "1510s births", "1558 deaths", "People from Tenby", "Welsh scientists", "Welsh philosophers", "Alumni of the University of Oxford", "Alumni of the University of Cambridge", "Welsh mathematicians", "16th-century English mathematicians", "16th-century Welsh medical doctors", "Fellows of All Souls ...
projected-00310249-000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight-three%20engine	Straight-three engine	Introduction		A straight-three engine (also called an inline-triple or inline-three) is a three-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. Less common than straight-four engines, straight-three engines have nonetheless been used in various motorcycles, cars and agricultural machinery.	[]	[ "Introduction" ]	[ "Straight engines", "Straight-three engines" ]
projected-00310249-001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight-three%20engine	Straight-three engine	Design	A straight-three engine (also called an inline-triple or inline-three) is a three-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. Less common than straight-four engines, straight-three engines have nonetheless been used in various motorcycles, cars and agricultural machinery.	A crankshaft angle of 120 degrees is typically used by straight-three engines, since this results in an evenly spaced firing interval. Another benefit of this configuration is perfect primary balance and secondary balance, however an end-to-end rocking couple is induced because there is no symmetry in the piston veloci...	[ "Reihenmotor Drei Zylinder.gif" ]	[ "Design" ]	[ "Straight engines", "Straight-three engines" ]
projected-00310249-002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight-three%20engine	Straight-three engine	Usage in cars	A straight-three engine (also called an inline-triple or inline-three) is a three-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. Less common than straight-four engines, straight-three engines have nonetheless been used in various motorcycles, cars and agricultural machinery.	Among the first cars to use a straight-three engine is the 1953-1955 DKW F91, powered by a two-stroke engine. The 1956-1960 Saab 93 saw the introduction of Saab's two-stroke engine, which was also used in the Saab 95, Saab 96 and Saab Sonett until 1968 after which it was replace by the Ford Taunus V4 engine. The War...	[ "Tuned-SAAB-twostroke.jpg", "Suzuki K10B.JPG" ]	[ "Usage in cars" ]	[ "Straight engines", "Straight-three engines" ]
projected-00310249-003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight-three%20engine	Straight-three engine	Usage in motorcycles	A straight-three engine (also called an inline-triple or inline-three) is a three-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. Less common than straight-four engines, straight-three engines have nonetheless been used in various motorcycles, cars and agricultural machinery.	The advantages of a straight-three engine for motorcycles are that it has a shorter length than an inline-four engine and produces less vibration than a straight-twin engine.	[ "Triumph Rocket III engine.jpg", "Kawasaki H1 Mach III 500cc.jpg" ]	[ "Usage in motorcycles" ]	[ "Straight engines", "Straight-three engines" ]
projected-00310249-004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight-three%20engine	Straight-three engine	Four-stroke	A straight-three engine (also called an inline-triple or inline-three) is a three-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. Less common than straight-four engines, straight-three engines have nonetheless been used in various motorcycles, cars and agricultural machinery.	Four-stroke straight-three engines have been used in road bikes and racing bikes by several companies. From 1985-1995, the BMW K75 was produced with a straight-three engine (based on the straight-four engine from the BMW K100). The British company Triumph has produced several models with transversely-mounted straight...	[]	[ "Usage in motorcycles", "Four-stroke" ]	[ "Straight engines", "Straight-three engines" ]
projected-00310249-005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight-three%20engine	Straight-three engine	Two-stroke	A straight-three engine (also called an inline-triple or inline-three) is a three-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. Less common than straight-four engines, straight-three engines have nonetheless been used in various motorcycles, cars and agricultural machinery.	Two-stroke designs are less common in straight-three engines than four-stroke designs, however several were produced by Japanese manufacturers in the late 1960s through to 1980s. The Kawasaki triple engine was produced from 1968 to 1980 and was used in various road bikes and racing bikes. Most versions were air-coole...	[]	[ "Usage in motorcycles", "Two-stroke" ]	[ "Straight engines", "Straight-three engines" ]