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projected-00310417-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | St George's Campus | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | To the east of the main campus lies St George's campus, named after St George's Church (now a lecture theatre and postgraduate residence). The campus is the historical location of the Sheffield Technical School. It is bounded by Upper Hanover Street to the west, Broad Lane to the north, Rockingham Street to the east, a... | [
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projected-00310417-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Other sites | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | Further west lies Weston Park, the Weston Park Museum, the Harold Cantor Gallery, university's sports facilities Goodwin Sports Centre in the Crookesmoor area, and the Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health around the Royal Hallamshire Hospital (although these subjects are taught in the city's extensive teaching hos... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Former locations | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The old Firth College building was built in 1879 at the corner of Leopold Street and West Street. It was designed by Thomas James Flockton and Edward Robert Robson with the front facing West Street. Firth College moved out of the building following the establishment of the university. The building later housed the Shef... | [
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projected-00310417-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Faculties and departments | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | Sheffield had four faculties in 1905, which were Arts, Pure Science, Medicine and Applied Science. The Faculty of Applied Science later split into Engineering and Metallurgy in 1919. As well as educating full-time students, in the early 20th century, the university taught non-degree courses that covered non-conventiona... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Faculty of Arts and Humanities | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The Faculty of Arts and Humanities is made up of eight schools and departments. It is also home to three institutes (Humanities Research
Institute, Sheffield Institute for Interdisciplinary Biblical Studies, and Digital Humanities Institute) and 16 research centres. The Centre for Research into Freemasonry and Fratern... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Faculty of Engineering | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The precursor to the Faculty of Engineering is the Sheffield Technical School established in the 1880s, which offered part-time and evening class programme to adults working in the steel industry. During 1917, departments of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil and Structural Engineering and Mechanical Engineer... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health is made up of four schools, including the Medical School, Health Sciences School, School of Clinical Dentistry and School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR). The Medical School is the oldest school of the university. It operated independently as the Sheffield School of... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Faculty of Science | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The Faculty of Science comprises seven classical science departments: Animal and Plant Sciences, Biomedical Science, Chemistry, Mathematics and Statistics, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Physics and Astronomy, and Psychology. All of the university's six Nobel Laureates have been affiliated with this faculty.
The... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Faculty of Social Sciences | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The Sheffield School of Architecture is consistently ranked among the top 10 in Europe and the UK for "Architecture and the Built-Environment" and is one of the longest established architecture schools in the UK, opening in 1908. It was first located in the tower of Firth Court but soon moved to the Sunday School in Sh... | [
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projected-00310417-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | International faculty | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The university has an international faculty called CITY College in Thessaloniki, the second largest city of Greece, which is the only faculty operating outside the UK. The faculty was established in 1989 in order to bridge the UK with the Southeast and Eastern Europe. It is a private legal entity operating as CITY Coll... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Governance | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | There are several bodies which govern the university, including the council, the Senate and the faculties. The council is the governing body of the university, which is responsible for the strategic development, legal and regulatory affairs, and performance of university business (finance and property). Council members... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Vice-chancellors | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | 1905: William Mitchinson Hicks
1905: Charles Eliot
1912: Herbert Fisher
1917: William Ripper (acting)
1919: William Henry Hadow
1930: Sir Arthur Pickard-Cambridge
1938: Irvine Masson
1953: John Macnaghten Whittaker
1965: Arthur Roy Clapham (acting)
1966: Hugh Robson
1974: Geoffrey Sims
1991: Gareth Roberts
2001: Bob Bo... | [
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projected-00310417-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Finances | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The university's annual income for 2019–20 was £737.5 million, of which £171 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £609.2 million resulting in a surplus of £127.1 million. Its endowment was £45.5 million. | [] | [
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projected-00310417-022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Coat of arms | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The arms of the university was granted by the College of Arms on 28 June 1905. It is on an azure shield with a gold-edged book inscribed with the Latin Disce Doce (Learn and Teach) at its centre, a sheaf of eight silver arrows on either side (from the arms of the city), the Crown of Success and the White Rose of York. ... | [
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projected-00310417-023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | University Fonts | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The university's fonts are TUOS Stephenson (serif) and TUOS Blake (sans-serif). Both TUOS Stephenson and TUOS Blake are modified versions of a typeface designed by Sheffield company Stephenson & Blake Co. The two fonts are the copyright property of the University of Sheffield and are restricted only to university users... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Academic dress | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | As at most universities, Sheffield graduands wear academic dress appropriate to the degree they are to be received when graduating. Bachelors wear a black Oxford BA [b1] gown (see Groves classification system). The hood is in green, half-lined with white fur, and edged with two inches of silk of the colour distinctive ... | [
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projected-00310417-026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | University mace | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The university mace is an ornament of governance of the University of Sheffield. It is silver-gilt and carries the coats of arms of both the university and the city of Sheffield, and the White Rose of York. A figure of Minerva holding a wreath and palm branch on a heraldic crown adorns the top of the mace. Used for the... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Reputation and rankings | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The university has been described by The Times as one of the powerhouses of British higher education. The university is a member of the Russell Group, the European University Association, the Worldwide Universities Network and the White Rose University Consortium. Meanwhile, it was among the top 10 of the Russell Group... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Admissions | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The University of Sheffield has a total of 30,195 students in the 2018–19 academic year, including 19,610 undergraduates and 10,585 postgraduates. In terms of average UCAS points of entrants, Sheffield ranked 29th in Britain in 2014. The university gives offers of admission to 85.6% of its applicants, the 4th highest a... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Libraries | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The University of Sheffield has currently four libraries: Western Bank Library, the Information Commons, Health Sciences Library (Royal Hallamshire Hospital and Northern General Hospital), and The Diamond, holding a total of 1.5 million printed books. Western Bank Library was the university's main library until the ope... | [
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projected-00310417-031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Museums and collections | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The Alfred Denny Museum is a zoology museum operated by the university. Established in 1905, the museum was located in Firth Court, spanning three floors, and was named after the first professor of biology at Sheffield in 1950. It has specimens from all major phyla, and two letters written from Charles Darwin to Henry ... | [
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projected-00310417-032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Flagship institutes | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | Sheffield has four research institutes. Launched in 2019, the institutes focus on clean energy generation, sustainable food, health improvement and quality of life. The Energy Institute is one of the largest energy research centres in Europe. It has over 300 researchers working on energy-related problems, including imp... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Academic and industrial partners | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The University of Sheffield's major research partners and clients include Boeing, Rolls Royce, Siemens, Unilever, Boots, AstraZeneca, GSK, ICI, and Slazenger, as well as UK and overseas government agencies and charitable foundations. Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre is a network of centres and a partnership betwe... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Proposed closure of the Department of Archaeology | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | On 25 May 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic, the University of Sheffield Executive Board (UEB) including Vice Chancellor Koen Lamberts and Deputy Vice Chancellor Gill Valentine voted to close the Department of Archaeology and move two areas into other departments; a world leading institution since its formation in 1976... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Involvement with the arms trade | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre is run in partnership with Boeing, which conducts research projects funded by arms manufacturers such as BAE Systems. In 2008, the university partnered with BAE Systems to launch a new Centre for Research in Active Control which aimed to improve the stealth of BAE Systems' submari... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Students' Union | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The University of Sheffield Students' Union was founded in 1906 and has nearly 300 student societies and nearly 50 sports teams. The Students' Union has been voted best in the UK for ten consecutive years, from 2009 to 2018, by the Times Higher Education Student Experience Survey.
Sheffield University Football Club ha... | [
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projected-00310417-039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Student accommodation | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The university halls of residence comprises two separate sites: Ranmoor/Endcliffe and City. Ranmoor/Endcliffe is situated in the western suburb of Sheffield, which is close to Broomhill and Ecclesall Road. The Endcliffe Village was opened in 2008 and the Ranmoor Village in 2009. Ranmoor House, opened in the autumn term... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Sheffield Varsity | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The annual Sheffield Varsity is an annual varsity match that takes place between sports teams from the university and its rival Sheffield Hallam University starting from 1996. The varsity is divided into winter and summer competitions. Over 1,000 students from both universities compete in over 30 varsity sports in more... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Notable alumni | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | Many notable people in a number of disciplines have attended Sheffield. A number of politicians are alumni of the university, including President of Dominica Nicholas Liverpool, Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey Nurettin Canikli, Home Secretary David Blunkett, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Seychelles Jean-Paul Adam, Do... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Nobel prizes | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | The university's Faculty of Science is associated with six Nobel laureates, two for the Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology:
1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (joint award) Howard Florey, for his work on penicillin
1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Hans Adolf Krebs, "for the discover... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | In popular culture | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | A fictionalized version of the University of Sheffield is the setting of the award-winning comic book series, Giant Days. Comedy Love in the Time of Britpop is set at the university in the 1990s Cool Britannia era. The university's Western Bank Library is featured in Barry Libin's novel Mystery of the Milton Manuscript... | [] | [
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projected-00310417-045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | See also | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | Armorial of UK universities
List of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945)
List of UK universities
Sheffield school
Sheffield Hallam University | [] | [
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"Russell Group",
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projected-00310417-048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Sheffield | University of Sheffield | Further reading | The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884. University College of Sheffield was s... | There are two official histories of the university:
Arthur W. Chapman (1955) The Story of a Modern University: A History of the University of Sheffield, Oxford University Press.
Helen Mathers (2005) Steel City Scholars: The Centenary History of the University of Sheffield, London: James & James. | [] | [
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projected-00310423-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple%20%28Paris%20M%C3%A9tro%29 | Temple (Paris Métro) | Introduction | Temple () is a station on Paris Métro Line 3, located in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris. | [] | [
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projected-00310423-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple%20%28Paris%20M%C3%A9tro%29 | Temple (Paris Métro) | Location | Temple () is a station on Paris Métro Line 3, located in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris. | The station is located under Rue de Turbigo at its exit on Rue du Temple, nearby Place Élisabeth-Dmitrieff. Oriented along a northeast–southwest axis, it is located between the Arts et Métiers and République stations, the latter being geographically very close to it. | [] | [
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projected-00310423-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple%20%28Paris%20M%C3%A9tro%29 | Temple (Paris Métro) | History | Temple () is a station on Paris Métro Line 3, located in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris. | It opened on 19 October 1904 as part of the first section of the line opened between Père Lachaise and Villiers.
It is named after the Temple, a long-demolished Templar fortification that once stood in the square named after it. It is the only Paris Metro station to share its name with a station on the London Undergro... | [] | [
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projected-00310423-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple%20%28Paris%20M%C3%A9tro%29 | Temple (Paris Métro) | Access | Temple () is a station on Paris Métro Line 3, located in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris. | The station has a single entrance entitled Place Élisabeth-Dmitrieff, leading to said square formed by the corner of Rue du Temple and Rue de Turbigo (named in honor of Elisabeth Dmitrieff on 8 March 2007, International Women's Day). Consisting of a fixed staircase, it is adorned with a Guimard entrance, which is the s... | [] | [
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projected-00310423-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple%20%28Paris%20M%C3%A9tro%29 | Temple (Paris Métro) | Platforms | Temple () is a station on Paris Métro Line 3, located in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris. | Temple is a standard configuration station. It has two platforms separated by the metro tracks and the vault is elliptical. The decoration is in the style used for most metro stations, the lighting frames are white and rounded in the Gaudin style of the renouveau du métro des années 2000s, and the bevelled white cerami... | [] | [
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projected-00310423-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple%20%28Paris%20M%C3%A9tro%29 | Temple (Paris Métro) | Bus connections | Temple () is a station on Paris Métro Line 3, located in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris. | The station is served by lines 20 and 75 of the RATP Bus Network and, at night, by lines N12 and N23 of the Noctilien network. | [] | [
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projected-00310423-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple%20%28Paris%20M%C3%A9tro%29 | Temple (Paris Métro) | Nearby attractions | Temple () is a station on Paris Métro Line 3, located in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris. | Place de la République
Church of Sainte-Élisabeth-de-Hongrie
Carreau du Temple (covered market)
Square du Temple (park)
Town hall of the 3rd arrondissement
École supérieure des arts appliqués Duperré (Duperré College of Applied Arts) | [] | [
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projected-00310423-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple%20%28Paris%20M%C3%A9tro%29 | Temple (Paris Métro) | References | Temple () is a station on Paris Métro Line 3, located in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris. | Roland, Gérard (2003). Stations de métro. D’Abbesses à Wagram. Éditions Bonneton.
Category:Paris Métro stations in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris
Category:Railway stations in France opened in 1904
Category:Paris Métro stations located underground | [] | [
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projected-00310429-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Introduction | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Signs and symptoms | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | Cluster headaches are recurring bouts of severe unilateral headache attacks. The duration of a typical CH attack ranges from about 15 to 180 minutes. About 75% of untreated attacks last less than 60 minutes. However, females may have longer and more severe CH.
The onset of an attack is rapid and typically without an a... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Pain | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | The pain occurs only on one side of the head, around the eye, particularly behind or above the eye, in the temple. The pain is typically greater than in other headache conditions, including migraines, and is usually described as burning, stabbing, drilling or squeezing. While suicide is rare, those with cluster headach... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Other symptoms | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | The typical symptoms of cluster headache include grouped occurrence and recurrence (cluster) of headache attack, severe unilateral orbital, supraorbital and/or temporal pain. If left untreated, attack frequency may range from one attack every two days to eight attacks per day. Cluster headache attack is accompanied by ... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Recurrence | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | Cluster headaches may occasionally be referred to as "alarm clock headache" because of the regularity of their recurrence. CH attacks often awaken individuals from sleep. Both individual attacks and the cluster grouping can have a metronomic regularity; attacks typically striking at a precise time of day each morning ... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Causes | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | The cause of cluster headache is unknown. Cluster headaches were historically described as vascular headaches, with the belief that intense pain was caused by dilation of blood vessels which in turn, was thought to create pressure on the trigeminal nerve. The vascular theory has been called into question and other mec... | [
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projected-00310429-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Nerves | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | Two nerves are thought to play an important role in CH: the trigeminal nerve and the facial nerve. | [] | [
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projected-00310429-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Genetics | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | Cluster headache may run in some families in an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. People with a first degree relative with the condition are about 14–48 times more likely to develop it themselves, and around 8 to 10% of persons with CH have a positive family history. Several studies have found a higher number of ... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Tobacco smoking | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | About 65% of persons with CH are, or have been, tobacco smokers. Stopping smoking does not lead to improvement of the condition and CH also occurs in those who have never smoked (e.g. children); it is thought unlikely that smoking is a cause. People with CH may be predisposed to certain traits, including smoking or oth... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Hypothalamus | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | A review suggests that the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which is the major biological clock in the human body, may be involved in cluster headaches, because CH occurs with diurnal and seasonal rhythmicity.
Positron emission tomography (PET) scans indicate the brain areas which are activated during atta... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Diagnosis | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | Cluster-like head pain may be diagnosed as secondary headache rather than cluster headache.
A detailed oral history aids practitioners in correct differential diagnosis, as there are no confirmatory tests for CH. A headache diary can be useful in tracking when and where pain occurs, how severe it is, and how long the... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Differential | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | Cluster headache may be misdiagnosed as migraine or sinusitis. Other types of headache are sometimes mistaken for, or may mimic closely, CH. Incorrect terms like "cluster migraine" confuse headache types, confound differential diagnosis and are often the cause of unnecessary diagnostic delay, ultimately delaying appro... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Prevention | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | Management for cluster headache is divided into three primary categories: abortive, transitional, and preventive. Preventive treatments are used to reduce or eliminate cluster headache attacks; they are generally used in combination with abortive and transitional techniques. | [] | [
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projected-00310429-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Verapamil | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | The recommended first-line preventive therapy is verapamil, a calcium channel blocker. Verapamil was previously underused in people with cluster headache.
Improvement can be seen in an average of 1.7 weeks for episodic CH and 5 weeks for chronic CH when using a dosage of ranged between 160 and 720 mg (mean 240 mg/day).... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Glucocorticoids | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | Since these compounds are steroids, there is little evidence to support long-term benefits from glucocorticoids, but they may be used until other medications take effect as they appear to be effective at three days. They are generally discontinued after 8–10 days of treatment. Prednisone is given at a starting dose of ... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Surgery | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | Nerve stimulators may be an option in the small number of people who do not improve with medications. Two procedures, deep brain stimulation or occipital nerve stimulation, may be useful; early experience shows a benefit in about 60% of cases. It typically takes weeks or months for this benefit to appear. A non-invasiv... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Other | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | Lithium, methysergide, and topiramate are recommended alternative treatments, although there is little evidence supporting the use of topiramate or methysergide. This is also true for tianeptine, melatonin, and ergotamine. Valproate, sumatriptan, and oxygen are not recommended as preventive measures. Botulinum toxin i... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Management | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | There are two primary treatments for acute CH: oxygen and triptans, but they are underused due to misdiagnosis of the syndrome. During bouts of headaches, triggers such as alcohol, nitroglycerine and naps during the day should be avoided. | [] | [
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projected-00310429-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Oxygen | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | Oxygen therapy may help to abort attacks, though it does not prevent future episodes. Typically it is given via a non-rebreather mask at 12–15 liters per minute for 15–20 minutes. One review found about 70% of patients improve within 15 minutes. The evidence for effectiveness of 100% oxygen, however, is weak. Hyperbari... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Triptans | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | The other primarily recommended treatment of acute attacks is subcutaneous or intranasal sumatriptan. Sumatriptan and zolmitriptan have both been shown to improve symptoms during an attack with sumatriptan being superior. Because of the vasoconstrictive side-effect of triptans, they may be contraindicated in people wit... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Opioids | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | The use of opioid medication in management of CH is not recommended and may make headache syndromes worse. Long-term opioid use is associated with well known dependency, addiction, and withdrawal syndromes. Prescription of opioid medication may additionally lead to further delay in differential diagnosis, undertreatmen... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Other | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | Intranasal lidocaine (sprayed in the ipsilateral nostril) may be an effective treatment with patient resistant to more conventional treatment.
Octreotide administered subcutaneously has been demonstrated to be more effective than placebo for the treatment of acute attacks.
Sub-occipital steroid injections have shown ... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Epidemiology | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | Cluster headache affects about 0.1% of the general population at some point in their life. Males are affected about four times more often than females. The condition usually starts between the ages of 20 and 50 years, although it can occur at any age. About one in five of adults reports the onset of cluster headache be... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | History | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | The first complete description of cluster headache was given by the London neurologist Wilfred Harris in 1926, who named the disease migrainous neuralgia. Descriptions of CH date to 1745 and probably earlier.
The condition was originally named Horton's cephalalgia after Bayard Taylor Horton, a US neurologist who post... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Society and culture | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | Robert Shapiro, a professor of neurology, says that while cluster headaches are about as common as multiple sclerosis with a similar disability level, as of 2013, the US National Institutes of Health had spent $1.872 billion on research into multiple sclerosis in one decade, but less than $2 million on CH research in 2... | [] | [
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projected-00310429-025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | Research directions | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | Some case reports suggest that ingesting tryptamines such as LSD, psilocybin (as found in hallucinogenic mushrooms), or DMT can abort attacks and interrupt cluster headache cycles. The hallucinogen DMT has a chemical structure that is similar to the triptan sumatriptan, indicating a possible shared mechanism in prevent... | [] | [
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"Pain management",
"Wikipedia emergency medicine articles ready to translate",
"Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate"
] |
projected-00310429-026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20headache | Cluster headache | References | Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks oft... | Category:Ailments of unknown cause
Category:Headaches
Category:Neurological disorders
Category:Pain management
Category:Wikipedia emergency medicine articles ready to translate
Category:Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Ailments of unknown cause",
"Headaches",
"Neurological disorders",
"Pain management",
"Wikipedia emergency medicine articles ready to translate",
"Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate"
] |
projected-00310435-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | Introduction | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | [
"PikiWiki Israel 15985 Arad.jpg"
] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
"Judaean Desert"
] | |
projected-00310435-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | Antiquity | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | Arad is named after the Biblical Bronze Age Canaanite town located at Tel Arad (a Biblical archaeology site famous for the discovery of ostraca), which is located approximately west of modern Arad. The Bible (Judges 1:16) describes it as a Canaanite stronghold whose king kept the Israelites from moving from the Negev ... | [
"Tel Arad.JPG"
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"History",
"Antiquity"
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"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
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"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
"Judaean Desert"
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projected-00310435-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | British Mandate era | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | The first modern attempt to settle the area was made by the Yishuv, the body of Jewish residents in Mandatory Palestine, on 23 February 1921, when the British Mandate government allowed discharged soldiers from the Jewish Legion to settle in the area. Nine men and two women attempted the task, but after four months wer... | [] | [
"History",
"British Mandate era"
] | [
"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
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projected-00310435-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | State of Israel | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | On 15 November 1960, a planning team, followed by a full-fledged committee on 29 December, was appointed by the Israeli cabinet to examine the possibility of establishing a city in the northeastern Negev desert and Arad region. An initial budget of IL50,000 was granted for the project, headed by Aryeh Eliav. On 31 Janu... | [
"WikiAir IL-13-06 015 - Arad.JPG",
"Arad plan.png"
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"History",
"State of Israel"
] | [
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"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
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projected-00310435-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | Geography | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | Arad is located mostly on the western and southwestern Kidod Range, and the Arad Plain, which marks the southwestern end of the Judean Desert. It is located west of the southern end of the Dead Sea, and is by road, east of Beersheva, south of Jerusalem, south east of Tel Aviv, and north of the southernmost city of... | [
"AradMap.png"
] | [
"Geography"
] | [
"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
"Judaean Desert"
] |
projected-00310435-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | Neighborhoods | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | Each neighborhood in Arad contains streets named in a thematic manner, for example, a neighborhood where all streets are named after jewels. The exception to this are the four central quarters, which have more conventional street names, and the original two neighborhoods (Rishonim and Ne'urim). The themed neighborhoods... | [
"Arad Gevim.jpg",
"Arad Rotem.jpg",
"Arad Shaked.jpg"
] | [
"Neighborhoods"
] | [
"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
"Judaean Desert"
] |
projected-00310435-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | Geology and topography | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | The western part of Arad is made up of Loess land, while the eastern part is made up of sedimentary rock, including chalk, flint and dolomite.
Arad's elevation ranges between approximately above sea level, a notable peak being Mount Kidod (), located at the northeastern point of the city and named after Ras al-Kadade... | [
"Kidod Stream.jpg",
"Praim Stream.jpg"
] | [
"Geology and topography"
] | [
"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
"Judaean Desert"
] |
projected-00310435-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | Climate | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | Between 1964 and 1974, Arad's average temperature in January was , and in July. The average yearly precipitation between 1960 and 1990 was , and between 1962 and 1978. Arad is thus situated in an arid area, where most precipitation falls in the winter months of December, January and February. It does however, on rare... | [
"Flickr - U.S. Embassy Tel Aviv - Ambassador Shapiro visits the city of Arad No.293.jpg"
] | [
"Climate"
] | [
"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
"Judaean Desert"
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projected-00310435-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | Demographics | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, of Arad's 24,400 2015 population, 80.3% were Jews, and another 16.8% were other non-Arabs. 11,900 (~48.8%) were men and 12,500 were women. 33.8% (the second highest in the country) were immigrants since 1990. Arad's population peaked in 2002 at 24,500. Arad's former... | [
"Arad demographics.png"
] | [
"Demographics"
] | [
"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
"Judaean Desert"
] |
projected-00310435-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | Economy | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | Other than tourist venues, Arad's commerce is mostly concentrated in the central commerce area, as envisioned in the original plan. There is one shopping mall in the city, the Arad Mall, in the northern block of the commerce sector. In addition to the main area, there are small shop clusters in most neighborhoods in th... | [
"Arad Mall outside.jpg",
"Arad Market.jpg"
] | [
"Economy"
] | [
"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
"Judaean Desert"
] |
projected-00310435-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | Tourism | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | In addition to the annual music festival, Arad's fresh air attracts asthmatics from all over the world, and its proximity to the Dead Sea provides a less expensive accommodation alternative to the pricey hotel zone on the sea shore. The Arad municipality has begun to develop hiking and ecological tourism. Additionally,... | [
"Mitzpe Moav.jpg"
] | [
"Tourism"
] | [
"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
"Judaean Desert"
] |
projected-00310435-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | Culture | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | Arad's main cultural center is the Center for Culture, Youth and Sports (, Matnas), named after Samuel Rubin and located on Ben Yair Street near the Arad Mall. It was built in 1983 and contains the Arad Museum, Arad's public library, a concert hall and the Arad Visitor Center, founded in 1989.
The Oron movie theater d... | [
"Gan HaHamisha.jpg",
"Schaller.jpg"
] | [
"Culture"
] | [
"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
"Judaean Desert"
] |
projected-00310435-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | Healthcare | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | Arad does not have a hospital, but there are numerous medical clinics, including Clalit, Leumit and Maccabi. Emergencies are handled by the single Magen David Adom station, located in the municipal compound.
A medical center was also built in the compound in 2004, named Schaller Medical Centre after Leon and Freda Sch... | [] | [
"Healthcare"
] | [
"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
"Judaean Desert"
] |
projected-00310435-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | Law enforcement | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | Arad is served by a local Israel Police station, located next to the municipal compound and the Magen David Adom station. It is commanded by Superintendent Yuval Paz and has 58 members. Arad's station also serves the Sodom area.
Arad's police force was chosen as the exceptional force for 2007, and awarded an award of ... | [] | [
"Law enforcement"
] | [
"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
"Judaean Desert"
] |
projected-00310435-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | Education and religious institutions | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | Arad has a public elementary school in every central neighborhood (Halamish, Tlalim, Avishur, Leva'ot and Ye'elim (called Ye'elim-Ofarim)), while Tlalim is a religious school. There is one public middle school, Re'ut, located near the junction of the Yoshiyahu and HaKana'im streets. The second middle school, Allon, was... | [
"Alon Pano.jpg",
"Avishur School.jpg",
"Arad shaked synagogue.jpg"
] | [
"Education and religious institutions"
] | [
"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
"Judaean Desert"
] |
projected-00310435-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | Media | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | Arad's local newspaper, Kidod, was published by the entrepreneurs Eli and Rochale Ziv, early founders of Arad. Kidod started as a small leaflet in December 1966 and grew to a become a full paper. At its peak, it was circulated, free of charge, in groceries, kiosks, etc., in 3,000 copies each week. Kidod ran for 23 year... | [] | [
"Media"
] | [
"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
"Judaean Desert"
] |
projected-00310435-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | Transportation | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | Arad is reached by Highway 31, which connects it with Beersheba to the west, and the Dead Sea to the east. It has two junctions within Arad's municipal area—the Arad Junction (within the city itself, with Road 3199), and the Tel Arad Junction (with Highway 80). The local Road 3199 connects Arad with Masada, but does no... | [
"Metropoline minibus.jpg"
] | [
"Transportation"
] | [
"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
"Judaean Desert"
] |
projected-00310435-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | Local government | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | Arad has, since its inception in 1962, been under the governance of a regional council and local council, before being designated as a city council in 1995. Democratic elections have been held in Arad since 1966, although only Avraham Shochat, Betzalel Tabib and Moty Brill were ever elected or re-elected as the head of... | [
"Avraham Sochat 1.jpg",
"GideonBarLev.jpg"
] | [
"Local government"
] | [
"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
"Judaean Desert"
] |
projected-00310435-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | Municipal flag and emblem | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | The emblem of Arad is a square with a hill and a flame. The hill represents Mount Kidod, a hill in the northeastern part of the city, and the flame represents natural gas, which was extracted in the area in Arad's early days and spurred the city's growth. The emblem was adopted on 19 May 1966. The flag of Arad is a rec... | [
"Arad Flag.jpg"
] | [
"Local government",
"Municipal flag and emblem"
] | [
"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
"Judaean Desert"
] |
projected-00310435-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | Notable people | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | Amos Oz (1939–2018), writer | [
"Amos Oz by Kubik.JPG"
] | [
"Notable people"
] | [
"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
"Judaean Desert"
] |
projected-00310435-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arad%2C%20Israel | Arad, Israel | Twin towns – sister cities | Arad ( ) is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It is located on the border of the Negev and the Judean Deserts, west of the Dead Sea and east of Beersheba. The city is home to a diverse population of , including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, both secular and religious, Bedouins and Black Hebrews, as well as ne... | Wilmington, Delaware became a sister city of Arad in 1973, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the State of Israel.
Dinslaken, Germany signed a twinning agreement with Arad in 1989.
Burlington, Vermont developed a sister city relationship with Arad in 1991. Then Mayor Bezalel Tabib, along with Professor Walid Daja... | [] | [
"Twin towns – sister cities"
] | [
"Populated places established in 1956",
"Cities in Israel",
"Development towns",
"Cities in Southern District (Israel)",
"Judaean Desert"
] |
projected-00310436-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les%20Mis%C3%A9rables%20%281952%20film%29 | Les Misérables (1952 film) | Introduction | Les Misérables is a 1952 American film adapted from the 1862 novel Les Misérables by Victor Hugo. It was directed by Lewis Milestone, and featured Michael Rennie as Jean Valjean, Robert Newton as Javert, and Sylvia Sidney as Fantine. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1952 films",
"American romantic drama films",
"1950s historical films",
"American historical films",
"Films set in the 19th century",
"Films set in Paris",
"1950s English-language films",
"Films scored by Alex North",
"Films directed by Lewis Milestone",
"Films based on Les Misérables",
"Americ... | |
projected-00310436-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les%20Mis%C3%A9rables%20%281952%20film%29 | Les Misérables (1952 film) | Cast | Les Misérables is a 1952 American film adapted from the 1862 novel Les Misérables by Victor Hugo. It was directed by Lewis Milestone, and featured Michael Rennie as Jean Valjean, Robert Newton as Javert, and Sylvia Sidney as Fantine. | Michael Rennie as Jean Valjean
Debra Paget as Cosette
Patsy Weil as Cosette (age 7)
Robert Newton as Javert
Edmund Gwenn as Bishop Myriel
Sylvia Sidney as Fantine
Cameron Mitchell as Marius
Elsa Lanchester as Madame Magloire
June Hillman as Mother Superior
Bobby Hyatt as Gavroche
James Robertson Justice as Ro... | [] | [
"Cast"
] | [
"1952 films",
"American romantic drama films",
"1950s historical films",
"American historical films",
"Films set in the 19th century",
"Films set in Paris",
"1950s English-language films",
"Films scored by Alex North",
"Films directed by Lewis Milestone",
"Films based on Les Misérables",
"Americ... |
projected-00310436-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les%20Mis%C3%A9rables%20%281952%20film%29 | Les Misérables (1952 film) | Production | Les Misérables is a 1952 American film adapted from the 1862 novel Les Misérables by Victor Hugo. It was directed by Lewis Milestone, and featured Michael Rennie as Jean Valjean, Robert Newton as Javert, and Sylvia Sidney as Fantine. | Louis Jourdan was announced for the role of Marius. | [] | [
"Production"
] | [
"1952 films",
"American romantic drama films",
"1950s historical films",
"American historical films",
"Films set in the 19th century",
"Films set in Paris",
"1950s English-language films",
"Films scored by Alex North",
"Films directed by Lewis Milestone",
"Films based on Les Misérables",
"Americ... |
projected-00310436-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les%20Mis%C3%A9rables%20%281952%20film%29 | Les Misérables (1952 film) | Radio adaptation | Les Misérables is a 1952 American film adapted from the 1862 novel Les Misérables by Victor Hugo. It was directed by Lewis Milestone, and featured Michael Rennie as Jean Valjean, Robert Newton as Javert, and Sylvia Sidney as Fantine. | Les Misérables was presented on Lux Radio Theatre December 22, 1952. The one-hour adaptation starred Ronald Colman, with Paget and Newton repeating their roles from the film. | [] | [
"Radio adaptation"
] | [
"1952 films",
"American romantic drama films",
"1950s historical films",
"American historical films",
"Films set in the 19th century",
"Films set in Paris",
"1950s English-language films",
"Films scored by Alex North",
"Films directed by Lewis Milestone",
"Films based on Les Misérables",
"Americ... |
projected-00310436-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les%20Mis%C3%A9rables%20%281952%20film%29 | Les Misérables (1952 film) | See also | Les Misérables is a 1952 American film adapted from the 1862 novel Les Misérables by Victor Hugo. It was directed by Lewis Milestone, and featured Michael Rennie as Jean Valjean, Robert Newton as Javert, and Sylvia Sidney as Fantine. | Adaptations of Les Misérables | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1952 films",
"American romantic drama films",
"1950s historical films",
"American historical films",
"Films set in the 19th century",
"Films set in Paris",
"1950s English-language films",
"Films scored by Alex North",
"Films directed by Lewis Milestone",
"Films based on Les Misérables",
"Americ... |
projected-00310437-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictish%20language | Pictish language | Introduction | Pictish is the extinct Brittonic language spoken by the Picts, the people of eastern and northern Scotland from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. Virtually no direct attestations of Pictish remain, short of a limited number of geographical and personal names found on monuments and the contemporary records in the... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Pictish language",
"Extinct Celtic languages",
"Pictish culture",
"Extinct languages of Scotland",
"Extinct languages of Europe",
"Languages extinct in the 11th century",
"Brittonic languages",
"Unclassified languages of Europe",
"Unclassified Indo-European languages"
] | |
projected-00310437-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictish%20language | Pictish language | Language classification | Pictish is the extinct Brittonic language spoken by the Picts, the people of eastern and northern Scotland from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. Virtually no direct attestations of Pictish remain, short of a limited number of geographical and personal names found on monuments and the contemporary records in the... | The existence of a distinct Pictish language during the Early Middle Ages is attested clearly in Bede's early eighth-century Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, which names Pictish as a language distinct from that spoken by the Britons, the Irish, and the English. Bede states that Columba, a Gael, used an interpret... | [
"Columba at Bridei's fort.jpg"
] | [
"Language classification"
] | [
"Pictish language",
"Extinct Celtic languages",
"Pictish culture",
"Extinct languages of Scotland",
"Extinct languages of Europe",
"Languages extinct in the 11th century",
"Brittonic languages",
"Unclassified languages of Europe",
"Unclassified Indo-European languages"
] |
projected-00310437-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictish%20language | Pictish language | Position within Celtic | Pictish is the extinct Brittonic language spoken by the Picts, the people of eastern and northern Scotland from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. Virtually no direct attestations of Pictish remain, short of a limited number of geographical and personal names found on monuments and the contemporary records in the... | The evidence of place names and personal names demonstrates that an insular Celtic language related to the more southerly Brittonic languages was formerly spoken in the Pictish area. The view of Pictish as a P-Celtic language was first proposed in 1582 by George Buchanan, who aligned the language with Gaulish. A compat... | [
"Calgacus.JPG"
] | [
"Language classification",
"Position within Celtic"
] | [
"Pictish language",
"Extinct Celtic languages",
"Pictish culture",
"Extinct languages of Scotland",
"Extinct languages of Europe",
"Languages extinct in the 11th century",
"Brittonic languages",
"Unclassified languages of Europe",
"Unclassified Indo-European languages"
] |
projected-00310437-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictish%20language | Pictish language | Pre-Indo-European theory | Pictish is the extinct Brittonic language spoken by the Picts, the people of eastern and northern Scotland from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. Virtually no direct attestations of Pictish remain, short of a limited number of geographical and personal names found on monuments and the contemporary records in the... | In 1892, John Rhys proposed that Pictish was a non-Indo-European language. This opinion was based on the apparently unintelligible ogham inscriptions found in historically Pictish areas (compare ). A similar position was taken by Heinrich Zimmer, who argued that the Picts' supposedly exotic cultural practices (tattooin... | [
"Brandsbutt stone.jpg"
] | [
"Language classification",
"Pre-Indo-European theory"
] | [
"Pictish language",
"Extinct Celtic languages",
"Pictish culture",
"Extinct languages of Scotland",
"Extinct languages of Europe",
"Languages extinct in the 11th century",
"Brittonic languages",
"Unclassified languages of Europe",
"Unclassified Indo-European languages"
] |
projected-00310437-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictish%20language | Pictish language | Discredited theories | Pictish is the extinct Brittonic language spoken by the Picts, the people of eastern and northern Scotland from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. Virtually no direct attestations of Pictish remain, short of a limited number of geographical and personal names found on monuments and the contemporary records in the... | Traditional accounts (now rejected) claimed that the Picts had migrated to Scotland from Scythia, a region that encompassed Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Buchanan, looking for a Scythian P-Celtic candidate for the ancestral Pict, settled on the Gaulish-speaking Cotini (which he rendered as Gothuni), a tribe from the... | [] | [
"Language classification",
"Discredited theories"
] | [
"Pictish language",
"Extinct Celtic languages",
"Pictish culture",
"Extinct languages of Scotland",
"Extinct languages of Europe",
"Languages extinct in the 11th century",
"Brittonic languages",
"Unclassified languages of Europe",
"Unclassified Indo-European languages"
] |
projected-00310437-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictish%20language | Pictish language | Linguistic evidence | Pictish is the extinct Brittonic language spoken by the Picts, the people of eastern and northern Scotland from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. Virtually no direct attestations of Pictish remain, short of a limited number of geographical and personal names found on monuments and the contemporary records in the... | Linguist Guto Rhys summarized evidence for the Pictish language as amounting to "a few hundred" individual articles of information. Evidence is most numerous in the form of proper nouns, such as place-names in Pictish regions, and personal names borne by Picts according to Scottish, Irish and Anglo-Saxon sources. Other... | [] | [
"Linguistic evidence"
] | [
"Pictish language",
"Extinct Celtic languages",
"Pictish culture",
"Extinct languages of Scotland",
"Extinct languages of Europe",
"Languages extinct in the 11th century",
"Brittonic languages",
"Unclassified languages of Europe",
"Unclassified Indo-European languages"
] |