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text_id stringlengths 22 22 | page_url stringlengths 31 389 | page_title stringlengths 1 250 | section_title stringlengths 0 4.67k | context_page_description stringlengths 0 108k | context_section_description stringlengths 1 187k | media list | hierachy list | category list |
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projected-00310742-043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southport | Southport | Further reading | Southport is a seaside town in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton in Merseyside, England. At the 2001 census, it had a population of 90,336, making it the eleventh most populous settlement in North West England.
Southport lies on the Irish Sea coast and is fringed to the north by the Ribble estuary. The town is nort... | Local Newspapers, holds newspaper title names from 1750 to 1920. | [] | [
"Further reading"
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"Towns in Merseyside",
"Seaside resorts in England",
"Towns and villages in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton",
"Populated coastal places in Merseyside",
"Beaches of Merseyside",
"Unparished areas in Merseyside"
] |
projected-00310743-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cookie%20Gilchrist | Cookie Gilchrist | Introduction | Carlton Chester "Cookie" Gilchrist (May 25, 1935 – January 10, 2011) was an American football player who played professionally in the American Football League (AFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL). | [] | [
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... | |
projected-00310743-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cookie%20Gilchrist | Cookie Gilchrist | Career | Carlton Chester "Cookie" Gilchrist (May 25, 1935 – January 10, 2011) was an American football player who played professionally in the American Football League (AFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL). | A star player at Har-Brack High School in Natrona Heights, Pennsylvania, in 1953 he led the team to the W.P.I.A.L. co-championship with Donora. As a junior, he was talked into signing a professional football contract with the NFL's Cleveland Browns by Paul Brown. The signing was against NFL rules and likely illegal, a... | [] | [
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... |
projected-00310743-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cookie%20Gilchrist | Cookie Gilchrist | After football | Carlton Chester "Cookie" Gilchrist (May 25, 1935 – January 10, 2011) was an American football player who played professionally in the American Football League (AFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL). | In 1974, Gilchrist founded the United Athletes Coalition of America to help former football players adjust to life after retirement. In 1975, he booked Marvin Gaye, Ike & Tina Turner, and Taveres for a benefit concert at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto.
Gilchrist had numerous feuds with the people he worked with during ... | [] | [
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... |
projected-00310743-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cookie%20Gilchrist | Cookie Gilchrist | Honors | Carlton Chester "Cookie" Gilchrist (May 25, 1935 – January 10, 2011) was an American football player who played professionally in the American Football League (AFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL). | First American Football League player to gain over 1,000 yards in a season (14 games, 1,096 yards in 1962)
Previously held the American professional football record for most yards rushing in a game, 243 yards vs. the New York Jets, on December 8, 1963.
His number 34 has been officially retired by the Buffalo Bills, to ... | [] | [
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"African-American players of Canadian football",
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"American Football League rushing leaders",
... |
projected-00310743-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cookie%20Gilchrist | Cookie Gilchrist | See also | Carlton Chester "Cookie" Gilchrist (May 25, 1935 – January 10, 2011) was an American football player who played professionally in the American Football League (AFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL). | List of American Football League players | [] | [
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... |
projected-00310745-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%20de%20La%20Valli%C3%A8re | Louise de La Vallière | Introduction | Françoise Louise de La Vallière, Duchess of La Vallière and Vaujours, born Françoise Louise de La Baume Le Blanc de La Vallière, Mademoiselle de La Vallière (6 August 1644 – 7 June 1710) was a French noblewoman and the first mistress of Louis XIV of France from 1661 to 1667. She was created suo jure Duchess of La Valli... | [] | [
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"18th-century French women writ... | |
projected-00310745-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%20de%20La%20Valli%C3%A8re | Louise de La Vallière | Ancestry and early life (1644–1661) | Françoise Louise de La Vallière, Duchess of La Vallière and Vaujours, born Françoise Louise de La Baume Le Blanc de La Vallière, Mademoiselle de La Vallière (6 August 1644 – 7 June 1710) was a French noblewoman and the first mistress of Louis XIV of France from 1661 to 1667. She was created suo jure Duchess of La Valli... | Françoise Louise de La Baume Le Blanc de La Vallière, Mademoiselle de La Vallière was born on 6 August 1644 at the Hôtel de la Crouzille (also known as Hôtel de la Vallière) in Tours, Kingdom of France as the daughter of military officer Laurent de La Baume Le Blanc, Lord of La Vallière and his wife, born Françoise Le ... | [] | [
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projected-00310745-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%20de%20La%20Valli%C3%A8re | Louise de La Vallière | Life at the royal court (1661–1671) | Françoise Louise de La Vallière, Duchess of La Vallière and Vaujours, born Françoise Louise de La Baume Le Blanc de La Vallière, Mademoiselle de La Vallière (6 August 1644 – 7 June 1710) was a French noblewoman and the first mistress of Louis XIV of France from 1661 to 1667. She was created suo jure Duchess of La Valli... | Through the influence of a distant relative, Madame de Choisy (born Jeanne-Olympe Hurault de L'Hospital; 1604–1669) Mademoiselle de La Vallière was named maid of honour to Henrietta (1644–1670), the new Duchess of Orléans, wife of Louis XIV's brother Philippe I, Duke of Orléans (1640–1701) and moved to her home, the Tu... | [] | [
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projected-00310745-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%20de%20La%20Valli%C3%A8re | Louise de La Vallière | Louis XIV's mistress (1661–1667) | Françoise Louise de La Vallière, Duchess of La Vallière and Vaujours, born Françoise Louise de La Baume Le Blanc de La Vallière, Mademoiselle de La Vallière (6 August 1644 – 7 June 1710) was a French noblewoman and the first mistress of Louis XIV of France from 1661 to 1667. She was created suo jure Duchess of La Valli... | A close relationship soon formed between the king and Madame, which concerned the Queen Dowager, Anne (1601–1666). In order to counter rumours, they allegedly decided that he should court other women as a front, for which Madame herself selected three young ladies, including La Vallière. She spent only two months in Fo... | [
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projected-00310745-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%20de%20La%20Valli%C3%A8re | Louise de La Vallière | The end of the royal affair and later life at the royal court (1666–1669) | Françoise Louise de La Vallière, Duchess of La Vallière and Vaujours, born Françoise Louise de La Baume Le Blanc de La Vallière, Mademoiselle de La Vallière (6 August 1644 – 7 June 1710) was a French noblewoman and the first mistress of Louis XIV of France from 1661 to 1667. She was created suo jure Duchess of La Valli... | Around the time of the death of the queen dowager, the former Mademoiselle de Tonnay-Charente, now the Marquise of Montespan returned to the service of the Duchess of Orléans, which she left because of her marriage in 1663. Now a lady-in-waiting, she quickly established herself as the reigning beauty of the court. Enam... | [
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projected-00310745-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%20de%20La%20Valli%C3%A8re | Louise de La Vallière | Later life (1671–1710) | Françoise Louise de La Vallière, Duchess of La Vallière and Vaujours, born Françoise Louise de La Baume Le Blanc de La Vallière, Mademoiselle de La Vallière (6 August 1644 – 7 June 1710) was a French noblewoman and the first mistress of Louis XIV of France from 1661 to 1667. She was created suo jure Duchess of La Valli... | Following the advice of Jesuit preacher Louis Bourdaloue (1632–1704), supported Bossuet and Bernardin Gigault de Bellefond, Marquis de Bellefonds (1630–1694), head of the Maison du Roi, she decided to leave the court and enter the Carmelite convent in the Faubourg Saint-Jacques part of Paris, later known as Notre-Dame-... | [] | [
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projected-00310745-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%20de%20La%20Valli%C3%A8re | Louise de La Vallière | As a Carmelite nun (1675–1710) | Françoise Louise de La Vallière, Duchess of La Vallière and Vaujours, born Françoise Louise de La Baume Le Blanc de La Vallière, Mademoiselle de La Vallière (6 August 1644 – 7 June 1710) was a French noblewoman and the first mistress of Louis XIV of France from 1661 to 1667. She was created suo jure Duchess of La Valli... | All of the attempts at dissuading her were in vain and, in 1674, La Vallière was finally permitted to enter the Carmelite convent in the Faubourg Saint-Jacques. The day she left the court she threw herself at the feet of the queen, begging forgiveness, saying that "My crimes were public, my repentance must be public, t... | [
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projected-00310745-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%20de%20La%20Valli%C3%A8re | Louise de La Vallière | Physical appearance | Françoise Louise de La Vallière, Duchess of La Vallière and Vaujours, born Françoise Louise de La Baume Le Blanc de La Vallière, Mademoiselle de La Vallière (6 August 1644 – 7 June 1710) was a French noblewoman and the first mistress of Louis XIV of France from 1661 to 1667. She was created suo jure Duchess of La Valli... | Although she was never described as a striking beauty or naturally brilliant, Louise had qualities that attracted attention: she was discreet, modest and had blonde hair and soft blue eyes. She was afflicted with a limp as one of her legs was shorter than the other, but she wore custom-made shoes and managed to be an a... | [] | [
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projected-00310745-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%20de%20La%20Valli%C3%A8re | Louise de La Vallière | Issue | Françoise Louise de La Vallière, Duchess of La Vallière and Vaujours, born Françoise Louise de La Baume Le Blanc de La Vallière, Mademoiselle de La Vallière (6 August 1644 – 7 June 1710) was a French noblewoman and the first mistress of Louis XIV of France from 1661 to 1667. She was created suo jure Duchess of La Valli... | Louise de la Vallière had five children by Louis XIV, two of whom survived infancy:
Charles de La Baume Le Blanc (19 December 1663 – 15 July 1665), died in infancy and was never legitimised;
Philippe de La Baume Le Blanc (7 January 1665 – 1666), died in infancy and was never legitimised;
Louis de La Baume Le Blanc (... | [
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projected-00310745-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%20de%20La%20Valli%C3%A8re | Louise de La Vallière | Legacy and appearances in popular culture | Françoise Louise de La Vallière, Duchess of La Vallière and Vaujours, born Françoise Louise de La Baume Le Blanc de La Vallière, Mademoiselle de La Vallière (6 August 1644 – 7 June 1710) was a French noblewoman and the first mistress of Louis XIV of France from 1661 to 1667. She was created suo jure Duchess of La Valli... | The term lavalier, meaning a jeweled pendant necklace, comes from her name (or possibly from that of Ève Lavallière). In French, a lavallière is a neck tie tied to form a bow at the front of the neck (reminiscent of a pussy bow), which was popular in the 19th century;
La Vallière's book Réflexions sur la miséricorde d... | [] | [
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projected-00310745-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%20de%20La%20Valli%C3%A8re | Louise de La Vallière | References | Françoise Louise de La Vallière, Duchess of La Vallière and Vaujours, born Françoise Louise de La Baume Le Blanc de La Vallière, Mademoiselle de La Vallière (6 August 1644 – 7 June 1710) was a French noblewoman and the first mistress of Louis XIV of France from 1661 to 1667. She was created suo jure Duchess of La Valli... | Historia magazine n°o 459, March 1985
Category:1644 births
Category:1710 deaths
Category:People from Tours, France
Category:Dukes of La Vallière
Category:17th-century peers of France
Category:Peers created by Louis XIV
Category:Mistresses of Louis XIV
La Valliere, Duchess of, Louise
Category:Discalced Carmelite nuns
... | [] | [
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projected-00310751-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesia%20%28regional%20unit%29 | Magnesia (regional unit) | Introduction | Magnesia (, Magnisía, , Ancient Greek: Magnēsía, deriving from the tribe name Magnetes) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Thessaly. Its capital is the city of Volos. About 70% of the population of Magnesia live in the Greater Volos area, which is the second-largest city in Thessaly and... | [] | [
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projected-00310751-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesia%20%28regional%20unit%29 | Magnesia (regional unit) | Geography | Magnesia (, Magnisía, , Ancient Greek: Magnēsía, deriving from the tribe name Magnetes) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Thessaly. Its capital is the city of Volos. About 70% of the population of Magnesia live in the Greater Volos area, which is the second-largest city in Thessaly and... | A prominent geographic feature of Magnesia is the Pagasetic Gulf, a bay of the Aegean Sea. The Pelion mountain range closes off the Gulf on the east and south side, leaving only a narrow channel near Trikeri. The highest peak of the wooded Pelion is Pourianos Stavros or Xeforti, (altitude ). On the south edge of Magnes... | [
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projected-00310751-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesia%20%28regional%20unit%29 | Magnesia (regional unit) | Climate | Magnesia (, Magnisía, , Ancient Greek: Magnēsía, deriving from the tribe name Magnetes) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Thessaly. Its capital is the city of Volos. About 70% of the population of Magnesia live in the Greater Volos area, which is the second-largest city in Thessaly and... | The average temperature is 17 degrees Celsius and the average rainfall about 540 millimetres per year. Heat waves and intense cold periods are rare. During the summer the temperature rises up to about in August. The climate varies in different parts of the prefecture; close to the Pagasetic Gulf conditions are humid, ... | [] | [
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projected-00310751-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesia%20%28regional%20unit%29 | Magnesia (regional unit) | Administration | Magnesia (, Magnisía, , Ancient Greek: Magnēsía, deriving from the tribe name Magnetes) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Thessaly. Its capital is the city of Volos. About 70% of the population of Magnesia live in the Greater Volos area, which is the second-largest city in Thessaly and... | The regional unit Magnesia is subdivided into 5 municipalities. These are (number as in the map in the infobox):
Almyros (2)
Rigas Feraios (6)
South Pelion (Notio Pilio, 5)
Volos (1)
Zagora-Mouresi (4) | [
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projected-00310751-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesia%20%28regional%20unit%29 | Magnesia (regional unit) | Prefecture | Magnesia (, Magnisía, , Ancient Greek: Magnēsía, deriving from the tribe name Magnetes) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Thessaly. Its capital is the city of Volos. About 70% of the population of Magnesia live in the Greater Volos area, which is the second-largest city in Thessaly and... | Magnesia was created as a prefecture. In addition to the territory of the present regional unit of Magnesia, the Magnesia Prefecture included the Northern Sporades group of islands (Skiathos, Skopelos and Alonnisos). As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, the prefecture was split into the Magnesia and Spo... | [] | [
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projected-00310751-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesia%20%28regional%20unit%29 | Magnesia (regional unit) | Provinces | Magnesia (, Magnisía, , Ancient Greek: Magnēsía, deriving from the tribe name Magnetes) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Thessaly. Its capital is the city of Volos. About 70% of the population of Magnesia live in the Greater Volos area, which is the second-largest city in Thessaly and... | Province of Volos – Volos
Province of Almyros – Almyros
Province of Skopelos and Sporades – Skopelos
Note: Provinces no longer hold any legal status in Greece. | [] | [
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projected-00310751-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesia%20%28regional%20unit%29 | Magnesia (regional unit) | Founding | Magnesia (, Magnisía, , Ancient Greek: Magnēsía, deriving from the tribe name Magnetes) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Thessaly. Its capital is the city of Volos. About 70% of the population of Magnesia live in the Greater Volos area, which is the second-largest city in Thessaly and... | According to Hesiod's (probably) "Eoiae" () or "Catalogue of Women" on the origin of the Greeks, Pandora (named after her grandmother Pandora, sister of Hellen and daughter of Deukalion and Pyrrha) together with Zeus had one son Graecus, while Zeus had two more with Thyia, another of Deukalion's daughter: Magnes and Ma... | [] | [
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projected-00310751-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesia%20%28regional%20unit%29 | Magnesia (regional unit) | Nomenclature | Magnesia (, Magnisía, , Ancient Greek: Magnēsía, deriving from the tribe name Magnetes) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Thessaly. Its capital is the city of Volos. About 70% of the population of Magnesia live in the Greater Volos area, which is the second-largest city in Thessaly and... | The word magnet comes from the Greek "magnítis líthos" (μαγνήτης λίθος), which means stone of Magnesia. The names for the elements magnesium and manganese are also derived from either this region or its colony Magnesia ad Sipylum, which in addition to the magnetic magnetite (an iron ore), produces certain ores of magne... | [] | [
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projected-00310751-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesia%20%28regional%20unit%29 | Magnesia (regional unit) | Common era | Magnesia (, Magnisía, , Ancient Greek: Magnēsía, deriving from the tribe name Magnetes) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Thessaly. Its capital is the city of Volos. About 70% of the population of Magnesia live in the Greater Volos area, which is the second-largest city in Thessaly and... | Written accounts and remains from the 5th century CE document the appearance of Christianity in Magnesia. The minutes of the 3rd Ecumenical Conference are co-signed by the Bishop of Dimitriada Cleonikos. Five basilicas have been revealed in Nea Anhialos, showing that the area was undergoing a spiritual growth in that e... | [] | [
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projected-00310751-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesia%20%28regional%20unit%29 | Magnesia (regional unit) | Archaeological sites | Magnesia (, Magnisía, , Ancient Greek: Magnēsía, deriving from the tribe name Magnetes) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Thessaly. Its capital is the city of Volos. About 70% of the population of Magnesia live in the Greater Volos area, which is the second-largest city in Thessaly and... | Demetrias
Iolcus
Mikrothives
Nea Anchialos
Pagasae | [
"Archaeological Museum of Almyros front.jpg"
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"Magnesia (regional unit)",
"2011 establishments in Greece",
"Regional units of Thessaly"
] |
projected-00310751-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesia%20%28regional%20unit%29 | Magnesia (regional unit) | Media | Magnesia (, Magnisía, , Ancient Greek: Magnēsía, deriving from the tribe name Magnetes) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Thessaly. Its capital is the city of Volos. About 70% of the population of Magnesia live in the Greater Volos area, which is the second-largest city in Thessaly and... | TRT TV
ASTRA TELEVISION | [] | [
"Media"
] | [
"Magnesia (regional unit)",
"2011 establishments in Greece",
"Regional units of Thessaly"
] |
projected-00310751-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesia%20%28regional%20unit%29 | Magnesia (regional unit) | Transport | Magnesia (, Magnisía, , Ancient Greek: Magnēsía, deriving from the tribe name Magnetes) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Thessaly. Its capital is the city of Volos. About 70% of the population of Magnesia live in the Greater Volos area, which is the second-largest city in Thessaly and... | The prefecture was linked to the National railway (ΟΣΕ) in the late 19th century. In 1964, the GR-1 North-South superhighway was opened to traffic. The prefecture is directly linked to the rest of Europe through International Airport of Central Greece, located in Nea Anchialos, a short distance from Volos. The airport... | [
"Volos 2w.jpg"
] | [
"Transport"
] | [
"Magnesia (regional unit)",
"2011 establishments in Greece",
"Regional units of Thessaly"
] |
projected-00310751-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesia%20%28regional%20unit%29 | Magnesia (regional unit) | Notable residents | Magnesia (, Magnisía, , Ancient Greek: Magnēsía, deriving from the tribe name Magnetes) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Thessaly. Its capital is the city of Volos. About 70% of the population of Magnesia live in the Greater Volos area, which is the second-largest city in Thessaly and... | Saint Charalampe, (89–202) Eastern Orthodox Church Saint
Giorgio de Chirico, (1888–1978)
Lavrentis Dianellos, a Greek actor
Rigas Feraios, the first Greek revolutionary and poet, national hero
Anthimos Gazis, (died 1828)
Phaidon Gizikis (June 13, 1917 – July 17, 1999 in Athens), Greek politician
Theophilos Hatzimihail,... | [] | [
"Notable residents"
] | [
"Magnesia (regional unit)",
"2011 establishments in Greece",
"Regional units of Thessaly"
] |
projected-00310751-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesia%20%28regional%20unit%29 | Magnesia (regional unit) | See also | Magnesia (, Magnisía, , Ancient Greek: Magnēsía, deriving from the tribe name Magnetes) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Thessaly. Its capital is the city of Volos. About 70% of the population of Magnesia live in the Greater Volos area, which is the second-largest city in Thessaly and... | List of traditional Greek place names
List of settlements in the Magnesia regional unit | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Magnesia (regional unit)",
"2011 establishments in Greece",
"Regional units of Thessaly"
] |
projected-00310757-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-1%20antitrypsin%20deficiency | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency | Introduction | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD or AATD) is a genetic disorder that may result in lung disease or liver disease. Onset of lung problems is typically between 20 and 50 years of age. This may result in shortness of breath, wheezing, or an increased risk of lung infections. Complications may include chronic obstructi... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Diseases of liver",
"Serpinopathies",
"Lung disorders",
"Hepatology",
"Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate"
] | |
projected-00310757-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-1%20antitrypsin%20deficiency | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency | Signs and symptoms | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD or AATD) is a genetic disorder that may result in lung disease or liver disease. Onset of lung problems is typically between 20 and 50 years of age. This may result in shortness of breath, wheezing, or an increased risk of lung infections. Complications may include chronic obstructi... | Individuals with A1AD may develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (emphysema) during their thirties or forties even without a history of smoking, though smoking greatly increases the risk. Symptoms may include shortness of breath (on exertion and later at rest), wheezing, and sputum production. Symptoms may resem... | [
"Conditions associated with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency.png"
] | [
"Signs and symptoms"
] | [
"Diseases of liver",
"Serpinopathies",
"Lung disorders",
"Hepatology",
"Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate"
] |
projected-00310757-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-1%20antitrypsin%20deficiency | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency | Genetics | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD or AATD) is a genetic disorder that may result in lung disease or liver disease. Onset of lung problems is typically between 20 and 50 years of age. This may result in shortness of breath, wheezing, or an increased risk of lung infections. Complications may include chronic obstructi... | Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 1 (SERPINA1) is the gene that encodes the protein alpha-1 antitrypsin. SERPINA1 has been localized to chromosome 14q32. Over 75 mutations of the SERPINA1 gene have been identified, many with clinically significant effects. The most common cause of severe deficiency, PiZ, is... | [] | [
"Genetics"
] | [
"Diseases of liver",
"Serpinopathies",
"Lung disorders",
"Hepatology",
"Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate"
] |
projected-00310757-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-1%20antitrypsin%20deficiency | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency | Pathophysiology | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD or AATD) is a genetic disorder that may result in lung disease or liver disease. Onset of lung problems is typically between 20 and 50 years of age. This may result in shortness of breath, wheezing, or an increased risk of lung infections. Complications may include chronic obstructi... | A1AT is a glycoprotein mainly produced in the liver by hepatocytes, and, in some quantity, by enterocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. In a healthy lung, it functions as an inhibitor against neutrophil elastase, a neutral serine protease that controls lung elastolytic activity which stimulates mucus secretion and CXCL8... | [
"Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.PAS Diastase.jpg"
] | [
"Pathophysiology"
] | [
"Diseases of liver",
"Serpinopathies",
"Lung disorders",
"Hepatology",
"Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate"
] |
projected-00310757-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-1%20antitrypsin%20deficiency | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency | Diagnosis | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD or AATD) is a genetic disorder that may result in lung disease or liver disease. Onset of lung problems is typically between 20 and 50 years of age. This may result in shortness of breath, wheezing, or an increased risk of lung infections. Complications may include chronic obstructi... | The gold standard of diagnosis for A1AD consists of blood tests to determine the phenotype of the AAT protein or genotype analysis of DNA. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for determining the extent of hepatic fibrosis and assessing for the presence of cirrhosis.
A1AT deficiency remains undiagnosed in many patients. ... | [
"Anti1Tripsine.PNG",
"Alpha 1-antitrypsine deficiency lung CT scan.JPEG"
] | [
"Diagnosis"
] | [
"Diseases of liver",
"Serpinopathies",
"Lung disorders",
"Hepatology",
"Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate"
] |
projected-00310757-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-1%20antitrypsin%20deficiency | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency | Treatment | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD or AATD) is a genetic disorder that may result in lung disease or liver disease. Onset of lung problems is typically between 20 and 50 years of age. This may result in shortness of breath, wheezing, or an increased risk of lung infections. Complications may include chronic obstructi... | Treatment of lung disease may include bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, and, when infections occur, antibiotics. Intravenous infusions of the A1AT protein or in severe disease lung transplantation may also be recommended. In those with severe liver disease liver transplantation may be an option. Avoiding smoking and g... | [] | [
"Treatment"
] | [
"Diseases of liver",
"Serpinopathies",
"Lung disorders",
"Hepatology",
"Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate"
] |
projected-00310757-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-1%20antitrypsin%20deficiency | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency | Epidemiology | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD or AATD) is a genetic disorder that may result in lung disease or liver disease. Onset of lung problems is typically between 20 and 50 years of age. This may result in shortness of breath, wheezing, or an increased risk of lung infections. Complications may include chronic obstructi... | People of Northern European and Iberian ancestry are at the highest risk for A1AD. Four percent of them carry the PiZ allele; between 1 in 625 and 1 in 2000 are homozygous.
Another study detected a frequency of 1 in 1550 individuals. The highest prevalence of the PiZZ variant was recorded in the northern and western E... | [
"PiZZ Europe.png"
] | [
"Epidemiology"
] | [
"Diseases of liver",
"Serpinopathies",
"Lung disorders",
"Hepatology",
"Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate"
] |
projected-00310757-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-1%20antitrypsin%20deficiency | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency | History | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD or AATD) is a genetic disorder that may result in lung disease or liver disease. Onset of lung problems is typically between 20 and 50 years of age. This may result in shortness of breath, wheezing, or an increased risk of lung infections. Complications may include chronic obstructi... | A1AD was discovered in 1963 by Carl-Bertil Laurell (1919–2001), at the University of Lund in Sweden.
Laurell, along with a medical resident, Sten Eriksson, made the discovery after noting the absence of the α1 band on protein electrophoresis in five of 1500 samples; three of the five patients were found to have develop... | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Diseases of liver",
"Serpinopathies",
"Lung disorders",
"Hepatology",
"Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate"
] |
projected-00310757-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-1%20antitrypsin%20deficiency | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency | Research | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD or AATD) is a genetic disorder that may result in lung disease or liver disease. Onset of lung problems is typically between 20 and 50 years of age. This may result in shortness of breath, wheezing, or an increased risk of lung infections. Complications may include chronic obstructi... | Recombinant and inhaled forms of A1AT are being studied. | [] | [
"Research"
] | [
"Diseases of liver",
"Serpinopathies",
"Lung disorders",
"Hepatology",
"Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate"
] |
projected-00310762-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon%20world%20record%20progression | Marathon world record progression | Introduction | This list is a chronological progression of record times for the marathon. World records in the marathon are now ratified by World Athletics, the international governing body for the sport of athletics.
Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge set a world record for men of 2:01:09 on September 25, 2022, at the 2022 Berlin Marathon. This... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"World athletics record progressions",
"Marathon world records"
] | |
projected-00310762-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon%20world%20record%20progression | Marathon world record progression | Criteria for record eligibility | This list is a chronological progression of record times for the marathon. World records in the marathon are now ratified by World Athletics, the international governing body for the sport of athletics.
Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge set a world record for men of 2:01:09 on September 25, 2022, at the 2022 Berlin Marathon. This... | For a performance to be ratified as a world record by the IAAF, the marathon course on which the performance occurred must be long, measured in a defined manner using the calibrated bicycle method (the distance in kilometers being the official distance, the distance in miles is an approximation) and meet other criteri... | [] | [
"Criteria for record eligibility"
] | [
"World athletics record progressions",
"Marathon world records"
] |
projected-00310762-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon%20world%20record%20progression | Marathon world record progression | Women's world record | This list is a chronological progression of record times for the marathon. World records in the marathon are now ratified by World Athletics, the international governing body for the sport of athletics.
Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge set a world record for men of 2:01:09 on September 25, 2022, at the 2022 Berlin Marathon. This... | The IAAF Congress at 2011 World Championships in Athletics passed a motion changing the record eligibility criteria effective October 6th 2007, so that women's world records must be set in all-women competitions. The result of the change was that Radcliffe's 2:17:42 performance at the 2005 London Marathon would supplan... | [] | [
"Criteria for record eligibility",
"Women's world record"
] | [
"World athletics record progressions",
"Marathon world records"
] |
projected-00310762-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon%20world%20record%20progression | Marathon world record progression | Unofficial record attempts | This list is a chronological progression of record times for the marathon. World records in the marathon are now ratified by World Athletics, the international governing body for the sport of athletics.
Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge set a world record for men of 2:01:09 on September 25, 2022, at the 2022 Berlin Marathon. This... | In December 2016, Nike, Inc., announced that three top distance runners — Eliud Kipchoge, Zersenay Tadese and Lelisa Desisa — had agreed to forgo the spring marathon season to work with the company in an effort to run a sub-two-hour marathon, though a detailed plan to complete the marathon in 1:59:59 or faster was not ... | [] | [
"Criteria for record eligibility",
"Unofficial record attempts"
] | [
"World athletics record progressions",
"Marathon world records"
] |
projected-00310762-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon%20world%20record%20progression | Marathon world record progression | History | This list is a chronological progression of record times for the marathon. World records in the marathon are now ratified by World Athletics, the international governing body for the sport of athletics.
Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge set a world record for men of 2:01:09 on September 25, 2022, at the 2022 Berlin Marathon. This... | Marathon races were first held in 1896, but the distance was not standardized by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) until 1921. The actual distance for pre-1921 races frequently varied slightly from the present figure of 42.195 km (26 miles 385 yards). In qualifying races for the 1896 Summer ... | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"World athletics record progressions",
"Marathon world records"
] |
projected-00310762-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon%20world%20record%20progression | Marathon world record progression | Men | This list is a chronological progression of record times for the marathon. World records in the marathon are now ratified by World Athletics, the international governing body for the sport of athletics.
Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge set a world record for men of 2:01:09 on September 25, 2022, at the 2022 Berlin Marathon. This... | Table key:
The edition of the marathon is linked on some of the dates. | [] | [
"History",
"Men"
] | [
"World athletics record progressions",
"Marathon world records"
] |
projected-00310762-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon%20world%20record%20progression | Marathon world record progression | Women | This list is a chronological progression of record times for the marathon. World records in the marathon are now ratified by World Athletics, the international governing body for the sport of athletics.
Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge set a world record for men of 2:01:09 on September 25, 2022, at the 2022 Berlin Marathon. This... | Table key: | [] | [
"History",
"Women"
] | [
"World athletics record progressions",
"Marathon world records"
] |
projected-00310762-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon%20world%20record%20progression | Marathon world record progression | See also | This list is a chronological progression of record times for the marathon. World records in the marathon are now ratified by World Athletics, the international governing body for the sport of athletics.
Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge set a world record for men of 2:01:09 on September 25, 2022, at the 2022 Berlin Marathon. This... | Marathon year rankings
National records in the marathon
Men's Masters Records
Masters M35 marathon world record progression
Masters M40 marathon world record progression
Masters M45 marathon world record progression
Masters M50 marathon world record progression
Masters M55 marathon world record progression
Mast... | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"World athletics record progressions",
"Marathon world records"
] |
projected-00310763-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armley | Armley | Introduction | Armley is a district in the west of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It starts less than from Leeds city centre. Like much of Leeds, Armley grew in the Industrial Revolution and had several mills, one of which houses now the Leeds Industrial Museum at Armley Mills. Armley is predominantly and historically a largely wo... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Armley",
"Places in Leeds"
] | |
projected-00310763-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armley | Armley | Etymology | Armley is a district in the west of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It starts less than from Leeds city centre. Like much of Leeds, Armley grew in the Industrial Revolution and had several mills, one of which houses now the Leeds Industrial Museum at Armley Mills. Armley is predominantly and historically a largely wo... | First attested in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Ermelai, the name Armley comes from Old English. The second element is from Old English lēah ('open space in a wood'). The origin of the first element is less clear, but thought to come from an otherwise unattested Old English name Earma, a plausible nickname form of the n... | [] | [
"Etymology"
] | [
"Armley",
"Places in Leeds"
] |
projected-00310763-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armley | Armley | History | Armley is a district in the west of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It starts less than from Leeds city centre. Like much of Leeds, Armley grew in the Industrial Revolution and had several mills, one of which houses now the Leeds Industrial Museum at Armley Mills. Armley is predominantly and historically a largely wo... | Armley is mentioned in the 1086 Domesday Book reference to "Ristone, Ermelai". At the time there were eight villagers in Ristone (now east Armley) and Ermelai (now west Armley). Armley was recorded as lying within the hundred of Morley and was estimated to comprise only four households, placing it in the bottom fifth o... | [
"Armley Mills Industrial Museum - geograph.org.uk - 260255.jpg",
"St Bartholomew's Church, Armley (July 2010) geograph.jpg"
] | [
"History"
] | [
"Armley",
"Places in Leeds"
] |
projected-00310763-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armley | Armley | Geography | Armley is a district in the west of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It starts less than from Leeds city centre. Like much of Leeds, Armley grew in the Industrial Revolution and had several mills, one of which houses now the Leeds Industrial Museum at Armley Mills. Armley is predominantly and historically a largely wo... | Armley is located between the M621 motorway and the River Aire, stretching from roughly the New Wortley roundabout (the Armley Gyratory) to the start of the Stanningley By-pass and Cockshott Lane where it merges into Bramley. | [] | [
"Geography"
] | [
"Armley",
"Places in Leeds"
] |
projected-00310763-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armley | Armley | Amenities | Armley is a district in the west of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It starts less than from Leeds city centre. Like much of Leeds, Armley grew in the Industrial Revolution and had several mills, one of which houses now the Leeds Industrial Museum at Armley Mills. Armley is predominantly and historically a largely wo... | Armley Town Street includes high street names, charity shops and food and independent retailers. There are bus links to Leeds, Bradford, Pudsey and Whinmoor. Armley's Town Street has free off-road car parking, but parking is mainly on-street, with few car parks in the centre. Armley's only supermarket is a LIDL on Arml... | [
"Armley Sport and Leisure Centre.jpg"
] | [
"Amenities"
] | [
"Armley",
"Places in Leeds"
] |
projected-00310763-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armley | Armley | Housing | Armley is a district in the west of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It starts less than from Leeds city centre. Like much of Leeds, Armley grew in the Industrial Revolution and had several mills, one of which houses now the Leeds Industrial Museum at Armley Mills. Armley is predominantly and historically a largely wo... | Armley housing includes Victorian back-to-back houses, through terraces and tower blocks.
There is much council housing, although most of the housing stock is privately built and dates from the 1960s. Back-to-back housing has been converted to through terraces.
Corporation residential tower blocks, built to replace o... | [
"Overview of Western Armley.jpg"
] | [
"Housing"
] | [
"Armley",
"Places in Leeds"
] |
projected-00310763-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armley | Armley | Notable people | Armley is a district in the west of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It starts less than from Leeds city centre. Like much of Leeds, Armley grew in the Industrial Revolution and had several mills, one of which houses now the Leeds Industrial Museum at Armley Mills. Armley is predominantly and historically a largely wo... | Alfred Atkinson VC – born in Armley in 1874
Alan Bennett – playwright
Barbara Taylor Bradford – novelist
Diana Coupland – film and television actress and singer born and lived on Tennant Street, Armley.
William Boynton Butler VC, Croix de Guerre – born in Armley in 1894
Chumbawamba – band; lived in Armley for some tim... | [] | [
"Notable people"
] | [
"Armley",
"Places in Leeds"
] |
projected-00310763-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armley | Armley | Popular culture | Armley is a district in the west of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It starts less than from Leeds city centre. Like much of Leeds, Armley grew in the Industrial Revolution and had several mills, one of which houses now the Leeds Industrial Museum at Armley Mills. Armley is predominantly and historically a largely wo... | The tank scene in the 1963 film Billy Liar was filmed in Wellington Road, Armley, and local residents were used as extras. | [] | [
"Popular culture"
] | [
"Armley",
"Places in Leeds"
] |
projected-00310763-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armley | Armley | See also | Armley is a district in the west of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It starts less than from Leeds city centre. Like much of Leeds, Armley grew in the Industrial Revolution and had several mills, one of which houses now the Leeds Industrial Museum at Armley Mills. Armley is predominantly and historically a largely wo... | Listed buildings in Leeds (Armley Ward) | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Armley",
"Places in Leeds"
] |
projected-00310763-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armley | Armley | Further reading | Armley is a district in the west of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It starts less than from Leeds city centre. Like much of Leeds, Armley grew in the Industrial Revolution and had several mills, one of which houses now the Leeds Industrial Museum at Armley Mills. Armley is predominantly and historically a largely wo... | Kirkby T. (1901) Armley Through The Camera, Hanson & Oak, Theaker Lane, Armley, Leeds. | [] | [
"Further reading"
] | [
"Armley",
"Places in Leeds"
] |
projected-00310767-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equaliser%20%28mathematics%29 | Equaliser (mathematics) | Introduction | In mathematics, an equaliser is a set of arguments where two or more functions have equal values.
An equaliser is the solution set of an equation.
In certain contexts, a difference kernel is the equaliser of exactly two functions. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Set theory",
"Limits (category theory)"
] | |
projected-00310767-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equaliser%20%28mathematics%29 | Equaliser (mathematics) | Definitions | In mathematics, an equaliser is a set of arguments where two or more functions have equal values.
An equaliser is the solution set of an equation.
In certain contexts, a difference kernel is the equaliser of exactly two functions. | Let X and Y be sets.
Let f and g be functions, both from X to Y.
Then the equaliser of f and g is the set of elements x of X such that f(x) equals g(x) in Y.
Symbolically:
The equaliser may be denoted Eq(f, g) or a variation on that theme (such as with lowercase letters "eq").
In informal contexts, the notation {f = ... | [] | [
"Definitions"
] | [
"Set theory",
"Limits (category theory)"
] |
projected-00310767-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equaliser%20%28mathematics%29 | Equaliser (mathematics) | Difference kernels | In mathematics, an equaliser is a set of arguments where two or more functions have equal values.
An equaliser is the solution set of an equation.
In certain contexts, a difference kernel is the equaliser of exactly two functions. | A binary equaliser (that is, an equaliser of just two functions) is also called a difference kernel. This may also be denoted DiffKer(f, g), Ker(f, g), or Ker(f − g). The last notation shows where this terminology comes from, and why it is most common in the context of abstract algebra: The difference kernel of f and g... | [] | [
"Difference kernels"
] | [
"Set theory",
"Limits (category theory)"
] |
projected-00310767-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equaliser%20%28mathematics%29 | Equaliser (mathematics) | In category theory | In mathematics, an equaliser is a set of arguments where two or more functions have equal values.
An equaliser is the solution set of an equation.
In certain contexts, a difference kernel is the equaliser of exactly two functions. | Equalisers can be defined by a universal property, which allows the notion to be generalised from the category of sets to arbitrary categories.
In the general context, X and Y are objects, while f and g are morphisms from X to Y.
These objects and morphisms form a diagram in the category in question, and the equaliser... | [
"Equalizer-01.svg"
] | [
"In category theory"
] | [
"Set theory",
"Limits (category theory)"
] |
projected-00310767-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equaliser%20%28mathematics%29 | Equaliser (mathematics) | See also | In mathematics, an equaliser is a set of arguments where two or more functions have equal values.
An equaliser is the solution set of an equation.
In certain contexts, a difference kernel is the equaliser of exactly two functions. | Coequaliser, the dual notion, obtained by reversing the arrows in the equaliser definition.
Coincidence theory, a topological approach to equaliser sets in topological spaces.
Pullback, a special limit that can be constructed from equalisers and products. | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Set theory",
"Limits (category theory)"
] |
projected-00310768-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equalizer | Equalizer | Introduction | Equalizer, Equaliser, or The Equalizer may refer to: | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-00310768-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equalizer | Equalizer | Science and technology | Equalizer, Equaliser, or The Equalizer may refer to: | Equalizer (audio), a device used for adjusting the volume of different frequency bands within an audio signal
Equalizer (communications), a device or circuit for correction of frequency dependent distortion in telecommunications
Equaliser (mathematics), a construction in category theory
Whippletree (mechanism), a li... | [] | [
"Science and technology"
] | [] |
projected-00310768-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equalizer | Equalizer | Arts and entertainment | Equalizer, Equaliser, or The Equalizer may refer to: | Equalizer (Datel), a game-hacking cheat cartridge by Datel
"Equalizer" (k-os song), a song by hip hop artist k-os
The Equalizer, an American spy thriller television and film franchise including:
The Equalizer (1985 TV series)
The Equalizer (2021 TV series), reboot of the 1985 TV series
The Equalizer (film), a 2014... | [] | [
"Arts and entertainment"
] | [] |
projected-00310768-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equalizer | Equalizer | Other uses | Equalizer, Equaliser, or The Equalizer may refer to: | GAU-12 Equalizer, a type of Gatling gun
Equaliser (sports), a goal or run that ties the game | [] | [
"Other uses"
] | [] |
projected-00310768-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equalizer | Equalizer | See also | Equalizer, Equaliser, or The Equalizer may refer to: | Equalizer hitch, a type of towing hitch used to better distribute the load on a towing vehicle
Equalization (disambiguation)
Equal (disambiguation) | [] | [
"See also"
] | [] |
projected-00310780-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocopter%20Tiger | Eurocopter Tiger | Introduction | The Eurocopter Tiger is a four-blade, twin-engine attack helicopter which first entered service in 2003. It is manufactured by Airbus Helicopters (formerly Eurocopter), which arose from the merger of Aérospatiale's and DASA's respective helicopter divisions. Airbus Helicopters designates it as the EC665. In France and ... | [
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projected-00310780-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocopter%20Tiger | Eurocopter Tiger | Origins and early development | The Eurocopter Tiger is a four-blade, twin-engine attack helicopter which first entered service in 2003. It is manufactured by Airbus Helicopters (formerly Eurocopter), which arose from the merger of Aérospatiale's and DASA's respective helicopter divisions. Airbus Helicopters designates it as the EC665. In France and ... | In 1984, the French and West German governments issued a requirement for an advanced multirole battlefield helicopter.
As originally planned, both countries would procure a total of 427 helicopters. The West Germans planned on acquiring 212 models of the anti-tank variant named PAH-2 (Panzerabwehrhubschrauber or "Ant... | [
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projected-00310780-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocopter%20Tiger | Eurocopter Tiger | Exports | The Eurocopter Tiger is a four-blade, twin-engine attack helicopter which first entered service in 2003. It is manufactured by Airbus Helicopters (formerly Eurocopter), which arose from the merger of Aérospatiale's and DASA's respective helicopter divisions. Airbus Helicopters designates it as the EC665. In France and ... | During the 1990s, export prospects for the Tiger had been invigorated by two large bids for orders from Britain and the Netherlands. Discreet talks between Britain and France regarding an association with the Tiger had been continuing since the late 1980s and, although Britain had initially dismissed industrial partici... | [
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projected-00310780-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocopter%20Tiger | Eurocopter Tiger | Overview | The Eurocopter Tiger is a four-blade, twin-engine attack helicopter which first entered service in 2003. It is manufactured by Airbus Helicopters (formerly Eurocopter), which arose from the merger of Aérospatiale's and DASA's respective helicopter divisions. Airbus Helicopters designates it as the EC665. In France and ... | The Tiger is capable of undertaking a wide range of combat missions, including armed reconnaissance and surveillance, anti-tank and close air support, escort and protection of friendly assets; and can operate during day or night in all weather conditions, and has been designed to include operations in the aftermath of ... | [
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projected-00310780-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocopter%20Tiger | Eurocopter Tiger | Survivability | The Eurocopter Tiger is a four-blade, twin-engine attack helicopter which first entered service in 2003. It is manufactured by Airbus Helicopters (formerly Eurocopter), which arose from the merger of Aérospatiale's and DASA's respective helicopter divisions. Airbus Helicopters designates it as the EC665. In France and ... | The protection systems employed on the Tiger includes stealth; aspects such as the visual, radar, infra red and acoustic signatures have been minimised to better evade threats that may be present upon the battlefield. According to Andrew Warner, the Tiger's survivability "relies on stealth and agility". The use of comp... | [] | [
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projected-00310780-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocopter%20Tiger | Eurocopter Tiger | Avionics and armaments | The Eurocopter Tiger is a four-blade, twin-engine attack helicopter which first entered service in 2003. It is manufactured by Airbus Helicopters (formerly Eurocopter), which arose from the merger of Aérospatiale's and DASA's respective helicopter divisions. Airbus Helicopters designates it as the EC665. In France and ... | Amongst the key avionics features of the aircraft are the EUROGRID battlefield management and map display systems, integrated communications (HF/VHF/FM radio and satellite) and data transfer links, a high-authority digital automatic flight control system, and redundant MIL 1553 data buses. Two redundant mission compute... | [
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projected-00310780-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocopter%20Tiger | Eurocopter Tiger | Operational history | The Eurocopter Tiger is a four-blade, twin-engine attack helicopter which first entered service in 2003. It is manufactured by Airbus Helicopters (formerly Eurocopter), which arose from the merger of Aérospatiale's and DASA's respective helicopter divisions. Airbus Helicopters designates it as the EC665. In France and ... | In December 2008, final qualification of the HAP and UHT variants of the Tiger was completed, marking the platform's readiness for operational duties overseas. In May 2009, the Tiger participated in readiness trials off the coast of Toulon to clear the type for active shipboard deployments. By November 2009, nearly 50 ... | [
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projected-00310780-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocopter%20Tiger | Eurocopter Tiger | Tiger UHT | The Eurocopter Tiger is a four-blade, twin-engine attack helicopter which first entered service in 2003. It is manufactured by Airbus Helicopters (formerly Eurocopter), which arose from the merger of Aérospatiale's and DASA's respective helicopter divisions. Airbus Helicopters designates it as the EC665. In France and ... | The UHT (from Unterstützungshubschrauber Tiger German for "Support Helicopter Tiger") is a medium-weight multi-role fire support helicopter built for the Bundeswehr (German Armed Forces). Under an agreement between the German government and Eurocopter made in March 2013, a total of 51 Tiger UHs will enter service. The ... | [
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projected-00310780-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocopter%20Tiger | Eurocopter Tiger | Tiger HAP | The Eurocopter Tiger is a four-blade, twin-engine attack helicopter which first entered service in 2003. It is manufactured by Airbus Helicopters (formerly Eurocopter), which arose from the merger of Aérospatiale's and DASA's respective helicopter divisions. Airbus Helicopters designates it as the EC665. In France and ... | The Tiger HAP/HCP (Hélicoptère d'Appui Protection, French for "Support and Escort Helicopter" / Hélicoptère de Combat Polyvalent French for "Multipurpose Combat Helicopter") is a medium-weight air-to-air combat and fire support helicopter built for the French Army. It is fitted with a chin-mounted GIAT 30 mm gun turret... | [
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projected-00310780-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocopter%20Tiger | Eurocopter Tiger | Tiger HAD | The Eurocopter Tiger is a four-blade, twin-engine attack helicopter which first entered service in 2003. It is manufactured by Airbus Helicopters (formerly Eurocopter), which arose from the merger of Aérospatiale's and DASA's respective helicopter divisions. Airbus Helicopters designates it as the EC665. In France and ... | The Tiger HAD (Hélicoptère d'Appui Destruction, in French or Helicoptero de Apoyo y Destrucción in Spanish for "Support and Destruction Helicopter") version is essentially identical to the HAP version but better suited for operations in hot environments, with 14% more engine power available due to the upgraded Enhanced... | [
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projected-00310780-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocopter%20Tiger | Eurocopter Tiger | Upgrades | The Eurocopter Tiger is a four-blade, twin-engine attack helicopter which first entered service in 2003. It is manufactured by Airbus Helicopters (formerly Eurocopter), which arose from the merger of Aérospatiale's and DASA's respective helicopter divisions. Airbus Helicopters designates it as the EC665. In France and ... | In January 2016, it was announced that France was working with Australia, Germany, and Spain to define a proposed further upgrade to its Tiger fleet, referred to as Tiger Mk3 upgrade. A key aspect of this upgrade, being scheduled to take place around 2023, is to be the adoption of a common anti-tank missile, as well as... | [] | [
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projected-00310780-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocopter%20Tiger | Eurocopter Tiger | Tiger ARH | The Eurocopter Tiger is a four-blade, twin-engine attack helicopter which first entered service in 2003. It is manufactured by Airbus Helicopters (formerly Eurocopter), which arose from the merger of Aérospatiale's and DASA's respective helicopter divisions. Airbus Helicopters designates it as the EC665. In France and ... | The Tiger ARH (Armed Reconnaissance Helicopter) is the version ordered by the Australian Army to replace its OH-58 Kiowas and UH-1 Iroquois-based 'Bushranger' gunships. The Tiger ARH is a modified and upgraded version of the Tiger HAP with upgraded MTR390 engines as well as a laser designator incorporated in the Strix ... | [
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projected-00310780-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocopter%20Tiger | Eurocopter Tiger | Operators | The Eurocopter Tiger is a four-blade, twin-engine attack helicopter which first entered service in 2003. It is manufactured by Airbus Helicopters (formerly Eurocopter), which arose from the merger of Aérospatiale's and DASA's respective helicopter divisions. Airbus Helicopters designates it as the EC665. In France and ... | Australian Army
1st Aviation Regiment
French Army
1st Combat Helicopter Regiment
4th Special Forces Helicopter Regiment
5th Combat Helicopter Regiment
German Army
Army Aviation Helicopter Regiment 36
Spanish Army
Attack Helicopter Battalion 1 | [] | [
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projected-00310780-022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocopter%20Tiger | Eurocopter Tiger | References | The Eurocopter Tiger is a four-blade, twin-engine attack helicopter which first entered service in 2003. It is manufactured by Airbus Helicopters (formerly Eurocopter), which arose from the merger of Aérospatiale's and DASA's respective helicopter divisions. Airbus Helicopters designates it as the EC665. In France and ... | Citations
Bibliography | [] | [
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projected-00310782-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20testing | Genetic testing | Introduction | Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medic... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Medical tests",
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"Alternatives to animal testing",
"Personalized medicine"
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projected-00310782-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20testing | Genetic testing | Types | Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medic... | Genetic testing is "the analysis of chromosomes (DNA), proteins, and certain metabolites in order to detect heritable disease-related genotypes, mutations, phenotypes, or karyotypes for clinical purposes." It can provide information about a person's genes and chromosomes throughout life. | [] | [
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projected-00310782-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20testing | Genetic testing | Diagnostic testing | Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medic... | Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) testing - a non-invasive (for the fetus) test. It is performed on a sample of venous blood from the mother, and can provide information about the fetus early in pregnancy. it is the most sensitive and specific screening test for Down syndrome.
Newborn screening - used just after birth to ... | [] | [
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projected-00310782-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20testing | Genetic testing | Non-diagnostic testing | Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medic... | Forensic testing - uses DNA sequences to identify an individual for legal purposes. Unlike the tests described above, forensic testing is not used to detect gene mutations associated with disease. This type of testing can identify crime or catastrophe victims, rule out or implicate a crime suspect, or establish biologi... | [] | [
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projected-00310782-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20testing | Genetic testing | Medical procedure | Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medic... | Genetic testing is often done as part of a genetic consultation and as of mid-2008 there were more than 1,200 clinically applicable genetic tests available. Once a person decides to proceed with genetic testing, a medical geneticist, genetic counselor, primary care doctor, or specialist can order the test after obtaini... | [] | [
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projected-00310782-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20testing | Genetic testing | Risks and limitations | Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medic... | The physical risks associated with most genetic tests are very small, particularly for those tests that require only a blood sample or buccal smear (a procedure that samples cells from the inside surface of the cheek). The procedures used for prenatal testing carry a small but non-negligible risk of losing the pregnanc... | [] | [
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projected-00310782-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20testing | Genetic testing | Direct-to-consumer genetic testing | Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medic... | Direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing (also called at-home genetic testing) is a type of genetic test that is accessible directly to the consumer without having to go through a health care professional. Usually, to obtain a genetic test, health care professionals such as physicians, nurse practitioners, or genetic c... | [] | [
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projected-00310782-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20testing | Genetic testing | Controversy | Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medic... | DTC genetic testing has been controversial due to outspoken opposition within the medical community. Critics of DTC testing argue against the risks involved, the unregulated advertising and marketing claims, the potential reselling of genetic data to third parties, and the overall lack of governmental oversight.
DTC t... | [] | [
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projected-00310782-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20testing | Genetic testing | In Estonia | Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medic... | As part of its healthcare system, Estonia is offering all of its residents genome-wide genotyping. This will be translated into personalized reports for use in everyday medical practice via the national e-health portal.
The aim is to minimise health problems by warning participants most at risk of conditions such as ... | [] | [
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projected-00310782-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20testing | Genetic testing | In the United States | Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medic... | With regard to genetic testing and information in general, legislation in the United States called the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act prohibits group health plans and health insurers from denying coverage to a healthy individual or charging that person higher premiums based solely on a genetic predisposition... | [] | [
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projected-00310782-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20testing | Genetic testing | In the European Union | Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medic... | Effective as of 25 May 2018, companies that process genetic data must abide by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The GDPR is a set of rules/regulations that helps an individual take control of their data information that is collected, used and stored digitally or in a structured filing system on paper, and... | [] | [
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projected-00310782-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20testing | Genetic testing | In Russia | Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medic... | Articles 10 and 11 of the Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 152-FZ "On Personal Data" provide that the processing of special categories of personal data relating to race, nationality, political views, religious or philosophical beliefs, health status, intimate life is allowed if it is necessary in connection with the im... | [] | [
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projected-00310782-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20testing | Genetic testing | In popular culture | Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medic... | Some possible future ethical problems of genetic testing were considered in the science fiction film Gattaca, the novel Next, and the science fiction anime series Mobile Suit Gundam Seed. Also, some films which include the topic of genetic testing include The Island, Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers, and the Resid... | [] | [
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projected-00310782-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20testing | Genetic testing | Children & Religion | Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medic... | Three to five percent of the funding available for the Human Genome Project was set aside to study the many social, ethical, and legal implications that will result from the better understanding of human heredity the rapid expansion of genetic risk assessment by genetic testing which would be facilitated by this projec... | [] | [
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projected-00310782-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20testing | Genetic testing | Pediatric genetic testing | Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medic... | The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) have provided new guidelines for the ethical issue of pediatrics genetic testing and screening of children in the United States. Their guidelines state that performing pediatric genetic testing should be in the best interest o... | [] | [
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projected-00310782-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20testing | Genetic testing | Israel | Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medic... | In Israel, uses of DNA testing to determine if people are eligible for immigration. The policy where "many Jews from the Former Soviet Union (‘FSU’) are asked to provide DNA confirmation of their Jewish heritage in the form of paternity tests in order to immigrate as Jews and become citizens under Israel's Law of Retur... | [] | [
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projected-00310782-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20testing | Genetic testing | Costs & Time | Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medic... | The cost of genetic testing can range from under $100 to more than $2,000. This depends on the complexity of the test. The cost will increase if more than one test is necessary or if multiple family members are getting tested to obtain additional results. Costs can vary by state and some states cover part of the total ... | [] | [
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projected-00310782-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20testing | Genetic testing | See also | Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medic... | Biobank
DNA profiling
Designer baby
Genographic Project
Personalized medicine
Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis to avoid birth defects
Elective genetic and genomic testing
Eugenics
Full Genome Sequencing
Whole Genome Sequencing
Whole Exome Sequencing
Genetic counseling
List of genetic disorders
List of ge... | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Medical tests",
"Ethically disputed medical practices",
"Medical genetics",
"Alternatives to animal testing",
"Personalized medicine"
] |