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projected-00310928-014
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer%20BASIC
Integer BASIC
Implementation
Integer BASIC is a BASIC interpreter written by Steve Wozniak for the Apple I and Apple II computers. Originally available on cassette for the Apple I in 1976, then included in ROM on the Apple II from its release in 1977, it was the first version of BASIC used by many early home computer owners. The only numeric data...
Integer BASIC read the lines typed in by the user from a buffer and ran them through a parser which output a series of tokens. As part of this process, simple syntax errors were detected and listed. If the parsing was successful, the line number (if present) was converted from ASCII decimal format into a 16-bit integer...
[]
[ "Implementation" ]
[ "Apple II software", "BASIC interpreters", "Assembly language software", "BASIC programming language family" ]
projected-00310928-016
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer%20BASIC
Integer BASIC
SWEET16
Integer BASIC is a BASIC interpreter written by Steve Wozniak for the Apple I and Apple II computers. Originally available on cassette for the Apple I in 1976, then included in ROM on the Apple II from its release in 1977, it was the first version of BASIC used by many early home computer owners. The only numeric data...
In addition to Integer BASIC, the Apple ROMs contained a custom assembler language known as SWEET16. SWEET16 is based on bytecodes that run within a simple 16-bit virtual machine. This model was used so memory could be addressed via indirect 16-bit pointers and 16-bit math functions calculated without the need to trans...
[]
[ "ROM details", "SWEET16" ]
[ "Apple II software", "BASIC interpreters", "Assembly language software", "BASIC programming language family" ]
projected-00310928-017
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer%20BASIC
Integer BASIC
Floating point
Integer BASIC is a BASIC interpreter written by Steve Wozniak for the Apple I and Apple II computers. Originally available on cassette for the Apple I in 1976, then included in ROM on the Apple II from its release in 1977, it was the first version of BASIC used by many early home computer owners. The only numeric data...
Although Integer BASIC contained its own math routines, the Apple II ROMs also included a complete floating-point library located in ROM memory between and . The source code was included in the Apple II manual. BASIC programs requiring floating-point calculations could CALL into these routines.
[]
[ "ROM details", "Floating point" ]
[ "Apple II software", "BASIC interpreters", "Assembly language software", "BASIC programming language family" ]
projected-00310928-018
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer%20BASIC
Integer BASIC
Performance
Integer BASIC is a BASIC interpreter written by Steve Wozniak for the Apple I and Apple II computers. Originally available on cassette for the Apple I in 1976, then included in ROM on the Apple II from its release in 1977, it was the first version of BASIC used by many early home computer owners. The only numeric data...
Because Integer BASIC processed more of the original source code into tokens, the runtime was faster than versions that required additional runtime parsing. For comparison, Tiny BASIC tokenized only the line number, while MS BASICs tokenized only the keywords. So for instance, while Integer BASIC would convert the line...
[]
[ "Performance" ]
[ "Apple II software", "BASIC interpreters", "Assembly language software", "BASIC programming language family" ]
projected-00310928-019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer%20BASIC
Integer BASIC
Sample code
Integer BASIC is a BASIC interpreter written by Steve Wozniak for the Apple I and Apple II computers. Originally available on cassette for the Apple I in 1976, then included in ROM on the Apple II from its release in 1977, it was the first version of BASIC used by many early home computer owners. The only numeric data...
The following is a version of Breakout written in the 1977 version of Integer BASIC for the Apple II, which was listed in the Apple II Mini Manual. There are a number of known bugs in this version. The program starts by setting the display to and then to clear the screen. Lines 20 through 27, and the associated subr...
[]
[ "Sample code" ]
[ "Apple II software", "BASIC interpreters", "Assembly language software", "BASIC programming language family" ]
projected-00310932-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipziger%20Land
Leipziger Land
Introduction
Leipziger Land is a former district in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It was bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Delitzsch, the district-free city Leipzig, Muldentalkreis, Mittweida, the district Altenburger Land in Thuringia, and the districts Burgenlandkreis, Saalekreis in Saxony-Anhalt.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[]
projected-00310932-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipziger%20Land
Leipziger Land
History
Leipziger Land is a former district in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It was bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Delitzsch, the district-free city Leipzig, Muldentalkreis, Mittweida, the district Altenburger Land in Thuringia, and the districts Burgenlandkreis, Saalekreis in Saxony-Anhalt.
The history of the region is influenced by the city of Leipzig. See there for more information. The district was established in 1994 by merging the former districts of , and . In 1999, the towns of Schkeuditz and Taucha were reassigned to the Delitzsch district. In August 2008, it became a part of the new district of...
[]
[ "History" ]
[]
projected-00310932-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipziger%20Land
Leipziger Land
Geography
Leipziger Land is a former district in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It was bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Delitzsch, the district-free city Leipzig, Muldentalkreis, Mittweida, the district Altenburger Land in Thuringia, and the districts Burgenlandkreis, Saalekreis in Saxony-Anhalt.
The main river of the district is the White Elster, which also flows through the city of Leipzig itself. The area south of Leipzig is a big lignite day mining area, which will be recultivated as a lakeland in the near future. The lignite also made the area the main industrial area of East Germany.
[]
[ "Geography" ]
[]
projected-00310950-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20bundle
Principal bundle
Introduction
In mathematics, a principal bundle is a mathematical object that formalizes some of the essential features of the Cartesian product of a space with a group . In the same way as with the Cartesian product, a principal bundle is equipped with An action of on , analogous to for a product space. A projection onto . ...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Differential geometry", "Fiber bundles", "Group actions (mathematics)" ]
projected-00310950-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20bundle
Principal bundle
Formal definition
In mathematics, a principal bundle is a mathematical object that formalizes some of the essential features of the Cartesian product of a space with a group . In the same way as with the Cartesian product, a principal bundle is equipped with An action of on , analogous to for a product space. A projection onto . ...
A principal -bundle, where denotes any topological group, is a fiber bundle together with a continuous right action such that preserves the fibers of (i.e. if then for all ) and acts freely and transitively (meaning each fiber is a G-torsor) on them in such a way that for each and , the map sending to is a h...
[]
[ "Formal definition" ]
[ "Differential geometry", "Fiber bundles", "Group actions (mathematics)" ]
projected-00310950-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20bundle
Principal bundle
Examples
In mathematics, a principal bundle is a mathematical object that formalizes some of the essential features of the Cartesian product of a space with a group . In the same way as with the Cartesian product, a principal bundle is equipped with An action of on , analogous to for a product space. A projection onto . ...
The prototypical example of a smooth principal bundle is the frame bundle of a smooth manifold , often denoted or . Here the fiber over a point is the set of all frames (i.e. ordered bases) for the tangent space . The general linear group acts freely and transitively on these frames. These fibers can be glued togeth...
[ "Z2 principal bundle over circle.png" ]
[ "Examples" ]
[ "Differential geometry", "Fiber bundles", "Group actions (mathematics)" ]
projected-00310950-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20bundle
Principal bundle
Trivializations and cross sections
In mathematics, a principal bundle is a mathematical object that formalizes some of the essential features of the Cartesian product of a space with a group . In the same way as with the Cartesian product, a principal bundle is equipped with An action of on , analogous to for a product space. A projection onto . ...
One of the most important questions regarding any fiber bundle is whether or not it is trivial, i.e. isomorphic to a product bundle. For principal bundles there is a convenient characterization of triviality: Proposition. A principal bundle is trivial if and only if it admits a global section. The same is not true fo...
[]
[ "Basic properties", "Trivializations and cross sections" ]
[ "Differential geometry", "Fiber bundles", "Group actions (mathematics)" ]
projected-00310950-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20bundle
Principal bundle
Characterization of smooth principal bundles
In mathematics, a principal bundle is a mathematical object that formalizes some of the essential features of the Cartesian product of a space with a group . In the same way as with the Cartesian product, a principal bundle is equipped with An action of on , analogous to for a product space. A projection onto . ...
If is a smooth principal -bundle then acts freely and properly on so that the orbit space is diffeomorphic to the base space . It turns out that these properties completely characterize smooth principal bundles. That is, if is a smooth manifold, a Lie group and a smooth, free, and proper right action then is a ...
[]
[ "Basic properties", "Characterization of smooth principal bundles" ]
[ "Differential geometry", "Fiber bundles", "Group actions (mathematics)" ]
projected-00310950-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20bundle
Principal bundle
Reduction of the structure group
In mathematics, a principal bundle is a mathematical object that formalizes some of the essential features of the Cartesian product of a space with a group . In the same way as with the Cartesian product, a principal bundle is equipped with An action of on , analogous to for a product space. A projection onto . ...
Given a subgroup H of G one may consider the bundle whose fibers are homeomorphic to the coset space . If the new bundle admits a global section, then one says that the section is a reduction of the structure group from to . The reason for this name is that the (fiberwise) inverse image of the values of this sect...
[ "Mobius frame bundle.png" ]
[ "Use of the notion", "Reduction of the structure group" ]
[ "Differential geometry", "Fiber bundles", "Group actions (mathematics)" ]
projected-00310950-008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20bundle
Principal bundle
Associated vector bundles and frames
In mathematics, a principal bundle is a mathematical object that formalizes some of the essential features of the Cartesian product of a space with a group . In the same way as with the Cartesian product, a principal bundle is equipped with An action of on , analogous to for a product space. A projection onto . ...
If is a principal -bundle and is a linear representation of , then one can construct a vector bundle with fibre , as the quotient of the product × by the diagonal action of . This is a special case of the associated bundle construction, and is called an associated vector bundle to . If the representation of on is...
[]
[ "Use of the notion", "Associated vector bundles and frames" ]
[ "Differential geometry", "Fiber bundles", "Group actions (mathematics)" ]
projected-00310950-009
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20bundle
Principal bundle
Classification of principal bundles
In mathematics, a principal bundle is a mathematical object that formalizes some of the essential features of the Cartesian product of a space with a group . In the same way as with the Cartesian product, a principal bundle is equipped with An action of on , analogous to for a product space. A projection onto . ...
Any topological group admits a classifying space : the quotient by the action of of some weakly contractible space, e.g., a topological space with vanishing homotopy groups. The classifying space has the property that any principal bundle over a paracompact manifold B is isomorphic to a pullback of the principal bun...
[]
[ "Classification of principal bundles" ]
[ "Differential geometry", "Fiber bundles", "Group actions (mathematics)" ]
projected-00310950-010
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20bundle
Principal bundle
See also
In mathematics, a principal bundle is a mathematical object that formalizes some of the essential features of the Cartesian product of a space with a group . In the same way as with the Cartesian product, a principal bundle is equipped with An action of on , analogous to for a product space. A projection onto . ...
Associated bundle Vector bundle G-structure Reduction of the structure group Gauge theory Connection (principal bundle) G-fibration
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "Differential geometry", "Fiber bundles", "Group actions (mathematics)" ]
projected-00310950-012
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20bundle
Principal bundle
Sources
In mathematics, a principal bundle is a mathematical object that formalizes some of the essential features of the Cartesian product of a space with a group . In the same way as with the Cartesian product, a principal bundle is equipped with An action of on , analogous to for a product space. A projection onto . ...
Category:Differential geometry Category:Fiber bundles Category:Group actions (mathematics)
[]
[ "Sources" ]
[ "Differential geometry", "Fiber bundles", "Group actions (mathematics)" ]
projected-00310953-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient%20%28universal%20algebra%29
Quotient (universal algebra)
Introduction
In mathematics, a quotient algebra is the result of partitioning the elements of an algebraic structure using a congruence relation. Quotient algebras are also called factor algebras. Here, the congruence relation must be an equivalence relation that is additionally compatible with all the operations of the algebra, in...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Universal algebra" ]
projected-00310953-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient%20%28universal%20algebra%29
Quotient (universal algebra)
Compatible relation
In mathematics, a quotient algebra is the result of partitioning the elements of an algebraic structure using a congruence relation. Quotient algebras are also called factor algebras. Here, the congruence relation must be an equivalence relation that is additionally compatible with all the operations of the algebra, in...
Let A be the set of the elements of an algebra , and let E be an equivalence relation on the set A. The relation E is said to be compatible with (or have the substitution property with respect to) an n-ary operation f, if for implies for any with . An equivalence relation compatible with all the operations of an al...
[]
[ "Compatible relation" ]
[ "Universal algebra" ]
projected-00310953-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient%20%28universal%20algebra%29
Quotient (universal algebra)
Quotient algebras and homomorphisms
In mathematics, a quotient algebra is the result of partitioning the elements of an algebraic structure using a congruence relation. Quotient algebras are also called factor algebras. Here, the congruence relation must be an equivalence relation that is additionally compatible with all the operations of the algebra, in...
Any equivalence relation E in a set A partitions this set in equivalence classes. The set of these equivalence classes is usually called the quotient set, and denoted A/E. For an algebra , it is straightforward to define the operations induced on the elements of A/E if E is a congruence. Specifically, for any operation...
[]
[ "Quotient algebras and homomorphisms" ]
[ "Universal algebra" ]
projected-00310953-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient%20%28universal%20algebra%29
Quotient (universal algebra)
Congruence lattice
In mathematics, a quotient algebra is the result of partitioning the elements of an algebraic structure using a congruence relation. Quotient algebras are also called factor algebras. Here, the congruence relation must be an equivalence relation that is additionally compatible with all the operations of the algebra, in...
For every algebra on the set A, the identity relation on A, and are trivial congruences. An algebra with no other congruences is called simple. Let be the set of congruences on the algebra . Because congruences are closed under intersection, we can define a meet operation: by simply taking the intersection of the ...
[]
[ "Congruence lattice" ]
[ "Universal algebra" ]
projected-00310953-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient%20%28universal%20algebra%29
Quotient (universal algebra)
Maltsev conditions
In mathematics, a quotient algebra is the result of partitioning the elements of an algebraic structure using a congruence relation. Quotient algebras are also called factor algebras. Here, the congruence relation must be an equivalence relation that is additionally compatible with all the operations of the algebra, in...
If two congruences permute (commute) with the composition of relations as operation, i.e. , then their join (in the congruence lattice) is equal to their composition: . An algebra is called congruence permutable if every pair of its congruences permutes; likewise a variety is said to be congruence-permutable if all its...
[]
[ "Maltsev conditions" ]
[ "Universal algebra" ]
projected-00310953-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient%20%28universal%20algebra%29
Quotient (universal algebra)
See also
In mathematics, a quotient algebra is the result of partitioning the elements of an algebraic structure using a congruence relation. Quotient algebras are also called factor algebras. Here, the congruence relation must be an equivalence relation that is additionally compatible with all the operations of the algebra, in...
Quotient ring Congruence lattice problem Lattice of subgroups
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "Universal algebra" ]
projected-00310953-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient%20%28universal%20algebra%29
Quotient (universal algebra)
References
In mathematics, a quotient algebra is the result of partitioning the elements of an algebraic structure using a congruence relation. Quotient algebras are also called factor algebras. Here, the congruence relation must be an equivalence relation that is additionally compatible with all the operations of the algebra, in...
Category:Universal algebra
[]
[ "References" ]
[ "Universal algebra" ]
projected-00310956-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soong%20Ai-ling
Soong Ai-ling
Introduction
Soong Ai-ling (), legally Soong E-ling or Eling Soong (July 15, 1889 – October 18, 1973) was a Chinese businesswoman, the eldest of the Soong sisters and the wife of H. H. Kung (Kung Hsiang-Hsi), who was the richest man in the early 20th century Republic of China. The first character of her given name is written as 靄 (...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "1888 births", "1973 deaths", "Chinese Methodists", "Educators from Shanghai", "Sun Yat-sen family", "Wesleyan College alumni", "20th-century Chinese businesswomen" ]
projected-00310956-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soong%20Ai-ling
Soong Ai-ling
Life
Soong Ai-ling (), legally Soong E-ling or Eling Soong (July 15, 1889 – October 18, 1973) was a Chinese businesswoman, the eldest of the Soong sisters and the wife of H. H. Kung (Kung Hsiang-Hsi), who was the richest man in the early 20th century Republic of China. The first character of her given name is written as 靄 (...
Born in Shanghai, she attended McTyeire School beginning at age 5. Soong Ai-ling arrived in the United States at the Port of San Francisco, California on June 30, 1904, aboard the SS Korea at the age of 14 to begin her education at Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia. She returned to China in 1909 after her graduation....
[]
[ "Life" ]
[ "1888 births", "1973 deaths", "Chinese Methodists", "Educators from Shanghai", "Sun Yat-sen family", "Wesleyan College alumni", "20th-century Chinese businesswomen" ]
projected-00310956-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soong%20Ai-ling
Soong Ai-ling
Children
Soong Ai-ling (), legally Soong E-ling or Eling Soong (July 15, 1889 – October 18, 1973) was a Chinese businesswoman, the eldest of the Soong sisters and the wife of H. H. Kung (Kung Hsiang-Hsi), who was the richest man in the early 20th century Republic of China. The first character of her given name is written as 靄 (...
Source: Kung Ling-i (daughter) 孔令儀 Kung Ling-kan (son) 孔令侃 Kung Ling-chun, also known as Kung Ling-wei (daughter) 孔令俊 Kung Ling-chie (son) 孔令傑, also known as Louis C. Kung, was later an American oil executive. He married actress Debra Paget in 1964; they divorced in 1980. The couple had one son, Gregory Teh-chi Kun...
[]
[ "Children" ]
[ "1888 births", "1973 deaths", "Chinese Methodists", "Educators from Shanghai", "Sun Yat-sen family", "Wesleyan College alumni", "20th-century Chinese businesswomen" ]
projected-00310956-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soong%20Ai-ling
Soong Ai-ling
Media portrayal
Soong Ai-ling (), legally Soong E-ling or Eling Soong (July 15, 1889 – October 18, 1973) was a Chinese businesswoman, the eldest of the Soong sisters and the wife of H. H. Kung (Kung Hsiang-Hsi), who was the richest man in the early 20th century Republic of China. The first character of her given name is written as 靄 (...
In the 1997 Hong Kong movie The Soong Sisters, Soong Ai-ling was portrayed by actress Michelle Yeoh.
[]
[ "Media portrayal" ]
[ "1888 births", "1973 deaths", "Chinese Methodists", "Educators from Shanghai", "Sun Yat-sen family", "Wesleyan College alumni", "20th-century Chinese businesswomen" ]
projected-00310956-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soong%20Ai-ling
Soong Ai-ling
See also
Soong Ai-ling (), legally Soong E-ling or Eling Soong (July 15, 1889 – October 18, 1973) was a Chinese businesswoman, the eldest of the Soong sisters and the wife of H. H. Kung (Kung Hsiang-Hsi), who was the richest man in the early 20th century Republic of China. The first character of her given name is written as 靄 (...
History of the Republic of China Soong Ching-ling Soong Mei-ling
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "1888 births", "1973 deaths", "Chinese Methodists", "Educators from Shanghai", "Sun Yat-sen family", "Wesleyan College alumni", "20th-century Chinese businesswomen" ]
projected-00310956-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soong%20Ai-ling
Soong Ai-ling
Further reading
Soong Ai-ling (), legally Soong E-ling or Eling Soong (July 15, 1889 – October 18, 1973) was a Chinese businesswoman, the eldest of the Soong sisters and the wife of H. H. Kung (Kung Hsiang-Hsi), who was the richest man in the early 20th century Republic of China. The first character of her given name is written as 靄 (...
Seagrave, Sterling. The Soong Dynasty. Corgi Books, 1996. .
[]
[ "Further reading" ]
[ "1888 births", "1973 deaths", "Chinese Methodists", "Educators from Shanghai", "Sun Yat-sen family", "Wesleyan College alumni", "20th-century Chinese businesswomen" ]
projected-00310957-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationary
Stationary
Introduction
In addition to its common meaning, stationary may have the following specialized scientific meanings:
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[]
projected-00310957-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationary
Stationary
Mathematics
In addition to its common meaning, stationary may have the following specialized scientific meanings:
Stationary point Stationary process Stationary state
[]
[ "Mathematics" ]
[]
projected-00310957-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationary
Stationary
Meteorology
In addition to its common meaning, stationary may have the following specialized scientific meanings:
A stationary front is a weather front that is not moving
[]
[ "Meteorology" ]
[]
projected-00310957-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationary
Stationary
Physics
In addition to its common meaning, stationary may have the following specialized scientific meanings:
A time-invariant system quantity, such as a constant position or temperature A steady state physical process, such as a vibration at constant amplitude and frequency or a steady fluid flow A stationary wave is a standing wave Stationary spacetime in general relativity
[]
[ "Physics" ]
[]
projected-00310957-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationary
Stationary
Other uses
In addition to its common meaning, stationary may have the following specialized scientific meanings:
"Stationary", a song from Copacetic (Knuckle Puck album)
[]
[ "Other uses" ]
[]
projected-00310958-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroom
Macroom
Introduction
Macroom (; ) is a market town in County Cork, Ireland, located in the valley of the River Sullane, halfway between Cork city and Killarney. Its population has grown and receded over the centuries as it went through periods of war, famine and workhouses, forced emigration and intermittent prosperity. The 2011 census gav...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Macroom", "Towns and villages in County Cork", "MacCarthy dynasty" ]
projected-00310958-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroom
Macroom
Name
Macroom (; ) is a market town in County Cork, Ireland, located in the valley of the River Sullane, halfway between Cork city and Killarney. Its population has grown and receded over the centuries as it went through periods of war, famine and workhouses, forced emigration and intermittent prosperity. The 2011 census gav...
Macroom's Irish language name, , likely translates as 'crooked plain' in reference to the bend in the River Sullane on which its historic core is situated. It has also been suggested that it may translate as "meeting place of followers of the god Crom" or "crooked oak", the latter a reference to a large oak tree that a...
[]
[ "Name" ]
[ "Macroom", "Towns and villages in County Cork", "MacCarthy dynasty" ]
projected-00310958-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroom
Macroom
Neolithic
Macroom (; ) is a market town in County Cork, Ireland, located in the valley of the River Sullane, halfway between Cork city and Killarney. Its population has grown and receded over the centuries as it went through periods of war, famine and workhouses, forced emigration and intermittent prosperity. The 2011 census gav...
Evidence of pre-history human activity in the Macroom area survives in the many Iron Age burial monuments; the area is unusually rich with standing stones, dolmens and stone circles. Later, in the early Dark Ages, Macroom seems to have been a centre for Bardic conventions and a base for the Druids of Munster. The first...
[ "Knocknakilla4.jpg" ]
[ "History", "Neolithic" ]
[ "Macroom", "Towns and villages in County Cork", "MacCarthy dynasty" ]
projected-00310958-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroom
Macroom
Middle ages
Macroom (; ) is a market town in County Cork, Ireland, located in the valley of the River Sullane, halfway between Cork city and Killarney. Its population has grown and receded over the centuries as it went through periods of war, famine and workhouses, forced emigration and intermittent prosperity. The 2011 census gav...
Muscraighe Mitine underwent three invasions during the 13th century. The Murcheatach Uí Briain and Richard de Cogan arrived in 1201 and 1207 respectively; the MacCarthys became the dominant and most powerful family and held Macroom Castle until the mid-17th century. From the 14th century, Macroom became the capital of...
[]
[ "History", "Middle ages" ]
[ "Macroom", "Towns and villages in County Cork", "MacCarthy dynasty" ]
projected-00310958-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroom
Macroom
Modern period
Macroom (; ) is a market town in County Cork, Ireland, located in the valley of the River Sullane, halfway between Cork city and Killarney. Its population has grown and receded over the centuries as it went through periods of war, famine and workhouses, forced emigration and intermittent prosperity. The 2011 census gav...
By the mid-17th century, Anglo-Irish families owned approximately one-third of the town in value terms. The Protestant families introduced butter making, a labour-intensive industry. A 1750 tenement list details 134 buildings and 300 families, with a population ratio of 6 to 1 between Catholic and Protestants. The town...
[]
[ "History", "Modern period" ]
[ "Macroom", "Towns and villages in County Cork", "MacCarthy dynasty" ]
projected-00310958-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroom
Macroom
Battle of Macroom
Macroom (; ) is a market town in County Cork, Ireland, located in the valley of the River Sullane, halfway between Cork city and Killarney. Its population has grown and receded over the centuries as it went through periods of war, famine and workhouses, forced emigration and intermittent prosperity. The 2011 census gav...
The 1650 Battle of Macroom was waged as part of the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, when English Parliamentarian forces led by Roger Boyle defeated an Irish Confederate force under David Roche. Bishop Boetius MacEgan, acting on behalf of the MacCarthys, failed to hold the castle. He was taken prisoner by Parliamentari...
[]
[ "History", "Modern period", "Battle of Macroom" ]
[ "Macroom", "Towns and villages in County Cork", "MacCarthy dynasty" ]
projected-00310958-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroom
Macroom
Irish War of Independence
Macroom (; ) is a market town in County Cork, Ireland, located in the valley of the River Sullane, halfway between Cork city and Killarney. Its population has grown and receded over the centuries as it went through periods of war, famine and workhouses, forced emigration and intermittent prosperity. The 2011 census gav...
Macroom was the main base in Cork for the Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) during the Irish War of Independence. The Irish Republican Army (IRA) was highly active in the county, especially in the areas around Macroom, Bandon and Dunmanway. RIC policemen in the town described the area as "practic...
[ "Macroom Protest Meeting 1894.jpg", "Mount Massey.png" ]
[ "History", "Modern period", "Irish War of Independence" ]
[ "Macroom", "Towns and villages in County Cork", "MacCarthy dynasty" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroom
Macroom
Geography and climate
Macroom (; ) is a market town in County Cork, Ireland, located in the valley of the River Sullane, halfway between Cork city and Killarney. Its population has grown and receded over the centuries as it went through periods of war, famine and workhouses, forced emigration and intermittent prosperity. The 2011 census gav...
Macroom was built on the River Sullane, a tributary of the River Lee. Its hinterland lies on a valley at the foot of the Boggeragh Mountains. The town stretches for about and largely consists of two long streets, Main Street and New Street, divided by the Ten Arch Bridge, which also leads off to the suburb of Massey T...
[]
[ "Geography and climate" ]
[ "Macroom", "Towns and villages in County Cork", "MacCarthy dynasty" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroom
Macroom
Economy
Macroom (; ) is a market town in County Cork, Ireland, located in the valley of the River Sullane, halfway between Cork city and Killarney. Its population has grown and receded over the centuries as it went through periods of war, famine and workhouses, forced emigration and intermittent prosperity. The 2011 census gav...
The economy is primarily agricultural, with local dairy farmers being members of the Dairygold co-operative. Their milk is dried or evaporated in Mitchelstown as skim milk or whey concentrate, and eventually supplied to the local Danone plant, which produces infant formula for a worldwide market.
[ "Macroom 15.jpg" ]
[ "Economy" ]
[ "Macroom", "Towns and villages in County Cork", "MacCarthy dynasty" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroom
Macroom
Tourism
Macroom (; ) is a market town in County Cork, Ireland, located in the valley of the River Sullane, halfway between Cork city and Killarney. Its population has grown and receded over the centuries as it went through periods of war, famine and workhouses, forced emigration and intermittent prosperity. The 2011 census gav...
Tourist attractions include the town centre, an 18-hole golf course, and the Castle Grounds, with fishing and golfing grounds. The town's surroundings contain large amounts of megalithic monuments, early Christian holy wells, churches and sacred sites associated with ancient visionaries and healers. Mushera Mountain is...
[ "Macroom 18.jpg" ]
[ "Economy", "Tourism" ]
[ "Macroom", "Towns and villages in County Cork", "MacCarthy dynasty" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroom
Macroom
The Gearagh
Macroom (; ) is a market town in County Cork, Ireland, located in the valley of the River Sullane, halfway between Cork city and Killarney. Its population has grown and receded over the centuries as it went through periods of war, famine and workhouses, forced emigration and intermittent prosperity. The 2011 census gav...
The Gearagh is a national nature reserve on an inland delta, is located south of Macroom. It comprises a series of small islands, separated by anastomosing, mostly flat, river channels or streams, and is bounded by Toon Bridge, Illaunmore, and Anahala Bridge. The area is thought to have been wooded since the end of th...
[ "The Gearagh 1 crop.jpg", "Footpath at the Gearagh - geograph.org.uk - 483698.jpg" ]
[ "Economy", "Tourism", "The Gearagh" ]
[ "Macroom", "Towns and villages in County Cork", "MacCarthy dynasty" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroom
Macroom
Carrigaphooca Castle
Macroom (; ) is a market town in County Cork, Ireland, located in the valley of the River Sullane, halfway between Cork city and Killarney. Its population has grown and receded over the centuries as it went through periods of war, famine and workhouses, forced emigration and intermittent prosperity. The 2011 census gav...
Carrigaphooca Castle is a ruined five storey rectangular tower house situated on a steep-sided rock overlooking the River Sullane. It is located 6 km west of Macroom, in an area once known as Gleann na n-Dearg (Valley of the Reds). The tower dominates the landscape of Lissacresig (Fairyland) in Clondrohid, and Lower Sh...
[ "Carrigaphooca Castle.jpg" ]
[ "Economy", "Tourism", "Carrigaphooca Castle" ]
[ "Macroom", "Towns and villages in County Cork", "MacCarthy dynasty" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroom
Macroom
Mountain Dew festival
Macroom (; ) is a market town in County Cork, Ireland, located in the valley of the River Sullane, halfway between Cork city and Killarney. Its population has grown and receded over the centuries as it went through periods of war, famine and workhouses, forced emigration and intermittent prosperity. The 2011 census gav...
From 1976 to 1982 Macroom hosted the annual Mountain Dew festival, organised by young local business people. The festivals attracted up to 20,000 attendees each year, with lineups that included Rory Gallagher, Thin Lizzy and Van Morrison. It was the first of its kind for Ireland, and was intended to reinvigorate a town...
[]
[ "Economy", "Tourism", "Mountain Dew festival" ]
[ "Macroom", "Towns and villages in County Cork", "MacCarthy dynasty" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroom
Macroom
Churches
Macroom (; ) is a market town in County Cork, Ireland, located in the valley of the River Sullane, halfway between Cork city and Killarney. Its population has grown and receded over the centuries as it went through periods of war, famine and workhouses, forced emigration and intermittent prosperity. The 2011 census gav...
According to the 2011 census, the urban population of 3,879 included 3,535 people identifying as Roman Catholic. The town's Catholic church, dedicated to St. Coleman, was built in 1841. It was remodeled in 1893, based on a design by Dominic Coakley. Macroom's Church of Ireland building was constructed in 1823 on foot ...
[]
[ "Churches" ]
[ "Macroom", "Towns and villages in County Cork", "MacCarthy dynasty" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroom
Macroom
Transport
Macroom (; ) is a market town in County Cork, Ireland, located in the valley of the River Sullane, halfway between Cork city and Killarney. Its population has grown and receded over the centuries as it went through periods of war, famine and workhouses, forced emigration and intermittent prosperity. The 2011 census gav...
Macroom is on the national primary route N22, approximately 38 km from Cork city and 48 km from Killarney. The nearest airport is Cork Airport. A railway ran between the town and Cork city from 1866 to 1953, terminating in the mart grounds. By 1890 there were five services each way on week days and two on Sundays, wit...
[]
[ "Transport" ]
[ "Macroom", "Towns and villages in County Cork", "MacCarthy dynasty" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroom
Macroom
Education
Macroom (; ) is a market town in County Cork, Ireland, located in the valley of the River Sullane, halfway between Cork city and Killarney. Its population has grown and receded over the centuries as it went through periods of war, famine and workhouses, forced emigration and intermittent prosperity. The 2011 census gav...
The town has two primary and three secondary schools; a De La Salle for boys, the St. Mary's Secondary School Convent of Mercy for girls, and McEgan College, a mixed technical college located in the castle grounds. The Convent of Mercy school is situated within the Sisters of Mercy's complex attached to St. Colman's Ch...
[]
[ "Education" ]
[ "Macroom", "Towns and villages in County Cork", "MacCarthy dynasty" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroom
Macroom
Notable people
Macroom (; ) is a market town in County Cork, Ireland, located in the valley of the River Sullane, halfway between Cork city and Killarney. Its population has grown and receded over the centuries as it went through periods of war, famine and workhouses, forced emigration and intermittent prosperity. The 2011 census gav...
Rena Buckley (b. 1986/1987): the GAA's most decorated player, with 18 All-Ireland Medals. Eibhlín Dubh Ní Chonaill (–): composer of Caoineadh Airt Uí Laoghaire and wife of Art Ó Laoghaire. Donal Creed (1924 – 2017): Fine Gael politician; MEP, Teachta Dála, Minister of State under Garret FitzGerald Michael Creed (b. ...
[]
[ "Notable people" ]
[ "Macroom", "Towns and villages in County Cork", "MacCarthy dynasty" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroom
Macroom
References
Macroom (; ) is a market town in County Cork, Ireland, located in the valley of the River Sullane, halfway between Cork city and Killarney. Its population has grown and receded over the centuries as it went through periods of war, famine and workhouses, forced emigration and intermittent prosperity. The 2011 census gav...
Cope, Julian. The Modern Antiquarian. Thorsons, 1998. Corcoran, Kevin. Saving Eden: The Gearagh and Irish Nature. Cork: The Gearagh Press, 2021. Hart, Peter M. The I.R.A. and Its Enemies: Violence and Community in Cork, 1916-1923. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999 Heritage Castles of County Cork. Cork County Council,...
[]
[ "Sources", "References" ]
[ "Macroom", "Towns and villages in County Cork", "MacCarthy dynasty" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcategory
Subcategory
Introduction
In mathematics, specifically category theory, a subcategory of a category C is a category S whose objects are objects in C and whose morphisms are morphisms in C with the same identities and composition of morphisms. Intuitively, a subcategory of C is a category obtained from C by "removing" some of its objects and arr...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Category theory", "Hierarchy" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcategory
Subcategory
Formal definition
In mathematics, specifically category theory, a subcategory of a category C is a category S whose objects are objects in C and whose morphisms are morphisms in C with the same identities and composition of morphisms. Intuitively, a subcategory of C is a category obtained from C by "removing" some of its objects and arr...
Let C be a category. A subcategory S of C is given by a subcollection of objects of C, denoted ob(S), a subcollection of morphisms of C, denoted hom(S). such that for every X in ob(S), the identity morphism idX is in hom(S), for every morphism f : X → Y in hom(S), both the source X and the target Y are in ob(S), for ev...
[]
[ "Formal definition" ]
[ "Category theory", "Hierarchy" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcategory
Subcategory
Examples
In mathematics, specifically category theory, a subcategory of a category C is a category S whose objects are objects in C and whose morphisms are morphisms in C with the same identities and composition of morphisms. Intuitively, a subcategory of C is a category obtained from C by "removing" some of its objects and arr...
The category of finite sets forms a full subcategory of the category of sets. The category whose objects are sets and whose morphisms are bijections forms a non-full subcategory of the category of sets. The category of abelian groups forms a full subcategory of the category of groups. The category of rings (whose mo...
[]
[ "Examples" ]
[ "Category theory", "Hierarchy" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcategory
Subcategory
Embeddings
In mathematics, specifically category theory, a subcategory of a category C is a category S whose objects are objects in C and whose morphisms are morphisms in C with the same identities and composition of morphisms. Intuitively, a subcategory of C is a category obtained from C by "removing" some of its objects and arr...
Given a subcategory S of C, the inclusion functor I : S → C is both a faithful functor and injective on objects. It is full if and only if S is a full subcategory. Some authors define an embedding to be a full and faithful functor. Such a functor is necessarily injective on objects up to isomorphism. For instance, the...
[]
[ "Embeddings" ]
[ "Category theory", "Hierarchy" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcategory
Subcategory
Types of subcategories
In mathematics, specifically category theory, a subcategory of a category C is a category S whose objects are objects in C and whose morphisms are morphisms in C with the same identities and composition of morphisms. Intuitively, a subcategory of C is a category obtained from C by "removing" some of its objects and arr...
A subcategory S of C is said to be isomorphism-closed or replete if every isomorphism k : X → Y in C such that Y is in S also belongs to S. An isomorphism-closed full subcategory is said to be strictly full. A subcategory of C is wide or lluf (a term first posed by Peter Freyd) if it contains all the objects of C. A w...
[]
[ "Types of subcategories" ]
[ "Category theory", "Hierarchy" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcategory
Subcategory
See also
In mathematics, specifically category theory, a subcategory of a category C is a category S whose objects are objects in C and whose morphisms are morphisms in C with the same identities and composition of morphisms. Intuitively, a subcategory of C is a category obtained from C by "removing" some of its objects and arr...
Reflective subcategory Exact category, a full subcategory closed under extensions.
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "Category theory", "Hierarchy" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcategory
Subcategory
References
In mathematics, specifically category theory, a subcategory of a category C is a category S whose objects are objects in C and whose morphisms are morphisms in C with the same identities and composition of morphisms. Intuitively, a subcategory of C is a category obtained from C by "removing" some of its objects and arr...
Category:Category theory Category:Hierarchy
[]
[ "References" ]
[ "Category theory", "Hierarchy" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low%20Tatras
Low Tatras
Introduction
The Low Tatras or Low Tatra (; ) is a mountain range of the Inner Western Carpathians in central Slovakia. It is located south of the Tatras proper, from which it is separated by the valleys of the Váh and Poprad rivers (the Liptov-Spiš abasement). The valley formed by the Hron River is situated south of the Low Tat...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Mountain ranges of Slovakia", "Mountain ranges of the Western Carpathians" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low%20Tatras
Low Tatras
National Park
The Low Tatras or Low Tatra (; ) is a mountain range of the Inner Western Carpathians in central Slovakia. It is located south of the Tatras proper, from which it is separated by the valleys of the Váh and Poprad rivers (the Liptov-Spiš abasement). The valley formed by the Hron River is situated south of the Low Tat...
Most of the Low Tatras is protected by the Low Tatras National Park (Národný park Nízke Tatry; abbr. NAPANT), established in 1978. The area of the National Park is 728 km² (281.08 mi²) and the buffer zone takes 1,102 km² (425.48 mi²); 1,830 km² (706.56 mi²) together.
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[ "National Park" ]
[ "Mountain ranges of Slovakia", "Mountain ranges of the Western Carpathians" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low%20Tatras
Low Tatras
Tourism
The Low Tatras or Low Tatra (; ) is a mountain range of the Inner Western Carpathians in central Slovakia. It is located south of the Tatras proper, from which it is separated by the valleys of the Váh and Poprad rivers (the Liptov-Spiš abasement). The valley formed by the Hron River is situated south of the Low Tat...
Tourism is very popular in the Tatras. During the winter there are several ski resorts in Low Tatras, for example Jasná, Mýto pod Ďumbierom, and Tále. Not only are these hubs of hiking and cross-country skiing trails, but Jasna is the largest ski resort in Central Europe and is served by the tourist town of Liptovsky M...
[]
[ "Tourism" ]
[ "Mountain ranges of Slovakia", "Mountain ranges of the Western Carpathians" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low%20Tatras
Low Tatras
See also
The Low Tatras or Low Tatra (; ) is a mountain range of the Inner Western Carpathians in central Slovakia. It is located south of the Tatras proper, from which it is separated by the valleys of the Váh and Poprad rivers (the Liptov-Spiš abasement). The valley formed by the Hron River is situated south of the Low Tat...
Mountain Rescue Service (Slovakia)
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "Mountain ranges of Slovakia", "Mountain ranges of the Western Carpathians" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Gentlemen%20of%20Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Introduction
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; ...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "1590s plays", "British plays adapted into films", "Cross-dressing in literature", "English Renaissance plays", "Love stories", "Milan in fiction", "Plays set in Italy", "Shakespearean comedies", "Verona in fiction" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Gentlemen%20of%20Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Characters
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; ...
Valentine – young man living in Verona Proteus – his closest friend Silvia – falls in love with Valentine in Milan Julia – in love with Proteus in Verona Duke of Milan – Silvia's father Lucetta – Julia's waiting woman Antonio – Proteus' father Thurio – foolish rival to Valentine for Silvia Eglamour – aids in S...
[]
[ "Characters" ]
[ "1590s plays", "British plays adapted into films", "Cross-dressing in literature", "English Renaissance plays", "Love stories", "Milan in fiction", "Plays set in Italy", "Shakespearean comedies", "Verona in fiction" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Gentlemen%20of%20Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Summary
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; ...
As the play begins, Valentine is preparing to leave Verona for Milan so as to broaden his horizons. He begs his best friend, Proteus, to come with him, but Proteus is in love with Julia, and refuses to leave. Disappointed, Valentine bids Proteus farewell and goes on alone. Meanwhile, Julia is discussing Proteus with he...
[ "Silvia - Charles Edward Perugini.jpg", "Valentine Rescuing Sylvia from Proteus.jpg" ]
[ "Summary" ]
[ "1590s plays", "British plays adapted into films", "Cross-dressing in literature", "English Renaissance plays", "Love stories", "Milan in fiction", "Plays set in Italy", "Shakespearean comedies", "Verona in fiction" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Gentlemen%20of%20Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Sources
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; ...
In writing The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Shakespeare drew on the Spanish prose romance Los Siete Libros de la Diana (The Seven Books of the Diana) by the Portuguese writer Jorge de Montemayor. In the second book of Diana, Don Felix, who is in love with Felismena, sends her a letter explaining his feelings. Like Julia, F...
[ "The boke named the Gouernour.jpg", "Euphues. The anatomy of wit.jpg" ]
[ "Sources" ]
[ "1590s plays", "British plays adapted into films", "Cross-dressing in literature", "English Renaissance plays", "Love stories", "Milan in fiction", "Plays set in Italy", "Shakespearean comedies", "Verona in fiction" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Gentlemen%20of%20Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Date
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; ...
The exact date of composition of The Two Gentlemen of Verona is unknown, but it is generally believed to have been one of Shakespeare's earliest works. The first evidence of its existence is in a list of Shakespeare's plays in Francis Meres's Palladis Tamia, published in 1598, but it is thought to have been written in ...
[ "First-page-first-folio-two-gentlemen.jpg" ]
[ "Date and text", "Date" ]
[ "1590s plays", "British plays adapted into films", "Cross-dressing in literature", "English Renaissance plays", "Love stories", "Milan in fiction", "Plays set in Italy", "Shakespearean comedies", "Verona in fiction" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Gentlemen%20of%20Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Text
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; ...
The play was not printed until 1623, when it appeared in the First Folio of Shakespeare's plays.
[]
[ "Date and text", "Text" ]
[ "1590s plays", "British plays adapted into films", "Cross-dressing in literature", "English Renaissance plays", "Love stories", "Milan in fiction", "Plays set in Italy", "Shakespearean comedies", "Verona in fiction" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Gentlemen%20of%20Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Critical history
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; ...
Perhaps the most critically discussed issue in the play is the sequence, bizarre by modern Western standards, in Act 5, Scene 4 in which Valentine seems to 'give' Silvia to Proteus as a sign of his friendship. For many years, the general critical consensus on this issue was that the incident revealed an inherent misogy...
[ "Launce's Substitute for Proteus' Dog.jpg" ]
[ "Criticism and analysis", "Critical history" ]
[ "1590s plays", "British plays adapted into films", "Cross-dressing in literature", "English Renaissance plays", "Love stories", "Milan in fiction", "Plays set in Italy", "Shakespearean comedies", "Verona in fiction" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Gentlemen%20of%20Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Language
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; ...
Language is of primary importance in the play insofar as Valentine and Proteus speak in blank verse, but Launce and Speed speak (for the most part) in prose. More specifically, the actual content of many of the speeches serve to illustrate the pompousness of Valentine and Proteus' exalted outlook, and the more realisti...
[]
[ "Criticism and analysis", "Language" ]
[ "1590s plays", "British plays adapted into films", "Cross-dressing in literature", "English Renaissance plays", "Love stories", "Milan in fiction", "Plays set in Italy", "Shakespearean comedies", "Verona in fiction" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Gentlemen%20of%20Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Themes
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; ...
One of the dominant theories as regards the value of Two Gentlemen is that thematically, it represents a 'trial run' of sorts, in which Shakespeare deals briefly with themes which he would examine in more detail in later works. E.K. Chambers, for example, believed that the play represents something of a gestation of Sh...
[ "Valentine and Proteus.jpg", "Silvia refuses Valentine's letter.jpg" ]
[ "Criticism and analysis", "Themes" ]
[ "1590s plays", "British plays adapted into films", "Cross-dressing in literature", "English Renaissance plays", "Love stories", "Milan in fiction", "Plays set in Italy", "Shakespearean comedies", "Verona in fiction" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Gentlemen%20of%20Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Love and friendship
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; ...
Norman Sanders calls the play "almost a complete anthology of the practices of the doctrine of romantic love which inspired the poetic and prose Romances of the period." At the very centre of this is the contest between love and friendship; "an essential part of the comicality of The Two Gentlemen of Verona is created ...
[ "Alfred Elmore Two Gentlemen of Verona.jpg" ]
[ "Criticism and analysis", "Themes", "Love and friendship" ]
[ "1590s plays", "British plays adapted into films", "Cross-dressing in literature", "English Renaissance plays", "Love stories", "Milan in fiction", "Plays set in Italy", "Shakespearean comedies", "Verona in fiction" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Gentlemen%20of%20Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Foolishness of lovers
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; ...
Another major theme is the foolishness of lovers, what Roger Warren refers to as "mockery of the absurdity of conventional lovers' behaviour." Valentine for example, is introduced into the play mocking the excesses of love; "To be in love, where scorn is bought with groans/Coy looks with heart-sore sighs, one fading mo...
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[ "Criticism and analysis", "Themes", "Foolishness of lovers" ]
[ "1590s plays", "British plays adapted into films", "Cross-dressing in literature", "English Renaissance plays", "Love stories", "Milan in fiction", "Plays set in Italy", "Shakespearean comedies", "Verona in fiction" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Gentlemen%20of%20Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Inconstancy
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; ...
A third major theme is inconstancy, particularly as manifested in Proteus, whose very name hints at his changeable mind (in Ovid's Metamorphoses, Proteus is a sea-god forever changing its shape). At the start of the play, Proteus has only eyes for Julia. However, upon meeting Silvia, he immediately falls in love with ...
[]
[ "Criticism and analysis", "Themes", "Inconstancy" ]
[ "1590s plays", "British plays adapted into films", "Cross-dressing in literature", "English Renaissance plays", "Love stories", "Milan in fiction", "Plays set in Italy", "Shakespearean comedies", "Verona in fiction" ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Gentlemen%20of%20Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Performance
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; ...
There is no record of a performance during Shakespeare's lifetime, although due to its inclusion in Francis Meres' Palladis Tamia, we know the play had definitely been performed by 1598. The earliest known performance was at Drury Lane in 1762. However, this production was of a version of the play rewritten by Benjamin...
[ "Edwin austin abbey - who is Sylvia - What is she, that all the swains commend her.png", "Launce and Crab.jpg", "Valentine, Proteus and Silvia.jpg" ]
[ "Performance" ]
[ "1590s plays", "British plays adapted into films", "Cross-dressing in literature", "English Renaissance plays", "Love stories", "Milan in fiction", "Plays set in Italy", "Shakespearean comedies", "Verona in fiction" ]
projected-00310992-016
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Gentlemen%20of%20Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Theatrical
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; ...
Benjamin Victor rewrote the play for performance in 1762 (the earliest recorded performance we have of the play), at the Theatre Royal in Drury Lane. Starring Richard Yates as Launce, his wife, Mary Ann Yates as Julia and Elizabeth Pope as Silvia, Victor brought all of the Verona scenes together, removed Valentine's 'g...
[ "Yates as Launce.jpg" ]
[ "Adaptations", "Theatrical" ]
[ "1590s plays", "British plays adapted into films", "Cross-dressing in literature", "English Renaissance plays", "Love stories", "Milan in fiction", "Plays set in Italy", "Shakespearean comedies", "Verona in fiction" ]
projected-00310992-017
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Gentlemen%20of%20Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Opera/Musical
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; ...
Frederic Reynolds staged an operatic version in 1821 at Covent Garden as part of his series of adaptations of the works of Shakespeare. Reynolds wrote the lyrics, with Henry Bishop writing the music. The production ran for twenty-nine performances, and included some of Shakespeare's sonnets set to music. Augustin Daly ...
[]
[ "Adaptations", "Opera/Musical" ]
[ "1590s plays", "British plays adapted into films", "Cross-dressing in literature", "English Renaissance plays", "Love stories", "Milan in fiction", "Plays set in Italy", "Shakespearean comedies", "Verona in fiction" ]
projected-00310992-018
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Gentlemen%20of%20Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Film
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; ...
The only cinematic adaptation of the play is Yī jiǎn méi (more commonly known by its English title A Spray of Plum Blossoms), a 1931 silent film from China, directed by Bu Wancang and written by Huang Yicuo. A loose adaptation of the play, the film tells the story of Bai Lede (Wang Chilong) and Hu Luting (Jin Yan), two...
[]
[ "Adaptations", "Film" ]
[ "1590s plays", "British plays adapted into films", "Cross-dressing in literature", "English Renaissance plays", "Love stories", "Milan in fiction", "Plays set in Italy", "Shakespearean comedies", "Verona in fiction" ]
projected-00310992-019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Gentlemen%20of%20Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Television
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; ...
The first television adaptation was in 1952, when BBC Television Service broadcast Act 1 of the play live from the Bristol Old Vic. Directed by Denis Carey, the production starred John Neville as Valentine, Laurence Payne as Proteus, Gudrun Ure as Silvia and Pamela Ann as Julia. In 1956, the entire play was broadcast ...
[ "Two Gentlemen of Verona (Forest).png" ]
[ "Adaptations", "Television" ]
[ "1590s plays", "British plays adapted into films", "Cross-dressing in literature", "English Renaissance plays", "Love stories", "Milan in fiction", "Plays set in Italy", "Shakespearean comedies", "Verona in fiction" ]
projected-00310992-020
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Gentlemen%20of%20Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Radio
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; ...
In 1923, extracts from the play were broadcast on BBC Radio, performed by the Cardiff Station Repertory Company as the first episode of a series of programs showcasing Shakespeare's plays, entitled Shakespeare Night. In 1924, the entire play was broadcast by 2BD, directed by Joyce Tremayne and R.E. Jeffrey, with Treyma...
[]
[ "Adaptations", "Radio" ]
[ "1590s plays", "British plays adapted into films", "Cross-dressing in literature", "English Renaissance plays", "Love stories", "Milan in fiction", "Plays set in Italy", "Shakespearean comedies", "Verona in fiction" ]
projected-00310992-023
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Two%20Gentlemen%20of%20Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Citations
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; ...
All references to The Two Gentlemen of Verona, unless otherwise specified, are taken from the Oxford Shakespeare (Warren), based on the First Folio text of 1623. Under its referencing system, 2.3.14 means act 2, scene 3, line 14.
[]
[ "References", "Citations" ]
[ "1590s plays", "British plays adapted into films", "Cross-dressing in literature", "English Renaissance plays", "Love stories", "Milan in fiction", "Plays set in Italy", "Shakespearean comedies", "Verona in fiction" ]
projected-00310996-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIRC%20scripting%20language
MIRC scripting language
Introduction
The mIRC scripting language (often unofficially abbreviated to "mSL") is the scripting language embedded in mIRC, an IRC client for Windows.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Scripting languages" ]
projected-00310996-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIRC%20scripting%20language
MIRC scripting language
Primary uses
The mIRC scripting language (often unofficially abbreviated to "mSL") is the scripting language embedded in mIRC, an IRC client for Windows.
Channel and personal protection against any types of attacks (flooding, spamming, CTCP floods, etc.). Dialog windows can be created in mIRC to better serve user-compatibility. Popular mIRC dialog extensions include MDX (mIRC Dialog Extension) and DCX (Dialog Control Extension). There are also a few versions of mdx.dll ...
[]
[ "Primary uses" ]
[ "Scripting languages" ]
projected-00310996-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIRC%20scripting%20language
MIRC scripting language
Script storage
The mIRC scripting language (often unofficially abbreviated to "mSL") is the scripting language embedded in mIRC, an IRC client for Windows.
Scripts are stored as either plain text files, usually with a .mrc file extension, or as INI files. They, however, can be stored with any extension. Multiple script files can be loaded at one time, although in some cases, one script will conflict with another and cause one or both of them to no longer work properly.
[]
[ "Script storage" ]
[ "Scripting languages" ]
projected-00310996-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIRC%20scripting%20language
MIRC scripting language
Language features
The mIRC scripting language (often unofficially abbreviated to "mSL") is the scripting language embedded in mIRC, an IRC client for Windows.
mIRC scripting language uses its own nomenclature to refer to language constructs. (However, whilst this can be a little confusing to newcomers, they do not impact on the functionality of mSL.) Built-in functions are termed commands or, if they return a value, identifiers. Custom scripted functions are called aliases....
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[ "Language features" ]
[ "Scripting languages" ]
projected-00310996-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIRC%20scripting%20language
MIRC scripting language
File handling
The mIRC scripting language (often unofficially abbreviated to "mSL") is the scripting language embedded in mIRC, an IRC client for Windows.
/remove]
[]
[ "Language features", "File handling" ]
[ "Scripting languages" ]
projected-00310996-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIRC%20scripting%20language
MIRC scripting language
Binary variables
The mIRC scripting language (often unofficially abbreviated to "mSL") is the scripting language embedded in mIRC, an IRC client for Windows.
Contain unlimited (8192 bytes prior to mIRC 6.1) raw data Globally accessible via commands and identifiers Automatically unset when script returns control to mIRC (and not to another part of a script) Prefixed with & (e.g. &Variable) Cannot be accessed other than by /bread and /bwrite, so these variables cannot be pass...
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[ "Language features", "Binary variables" ]
[ "Scripting languages" ]
projected-00310996-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIRC%20scripting%20language
MIRC scripting language
Hash tables
The mIRC scripting language (often unofficially abbreviated to "mSL") is the scripting language embedded in mIRC, an IRC client for Windows.
May contain unlimited binary data or up to 4,150 (950 prior to mIRC 6.32) bytes of plain text. This limit is imposed by mIRC's scripting parser's own line length limitation (unless assigning a binary variable) Globally accessible via commands and identifiers Automatically unset when exiting mIRC as they are only stored...
[]
[ "Language features", "Hash tables" ]
[ "Scripting languages" ]
projected-00310996-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIRC%20scripting%20language
MIRC scripting language
Global variables
The mIRC scripting language (often unofficially abbreviated to "mSL") is the scripting language embedded in mIRC, an IRC client for Windows.
May contain up to 4,150 (950 prior to mIRC 6.32) bytes of data including its name (however due to line-length limitations in mIRC's scripting parser, a maximum of 4,146 bytes can be assigned explicitly using /set or /var — this number decreasing as the variable's name grows longer) Cannot store NUL (ASCII 0) or trailin...
[]
[ "Language features", "Global variables" ]
[ "Scripting languages" ]
projected-00310996-008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIRC%20scripting%20language
MIRC scripting language
Local variables
The mIRC scripting language (often unofficially abbreviated to "mSL") is the scripting language embedded in mIRC, an IRC client for Windows.
May contain up to 4,150 (950 prior to mIRC 6.32) bytes of data including the variable name (however due to line-length limitations in mIRC's scripting parser, a maximum of 4,146 bytes can be assigned explicitly using the /set or /var commands — this number decreasing as the variable's name grows longer) Can store NUL (...
[]
[ "Language features", "Local variables" ]
[ "Scripting languages" ]
projected-00310996-009
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIRC%20scripting%20language
MIRC scripting language
Limitations
The mIRC scripting language (often unofficially abbreviated to "mSL") is the scripting language embedded in mIRC, an IRC client for Windows.
Scripting parser supports a maximum of 8,292 (950 prior to mIRC 6.32) characters per line (not including newlines or indentation). Strings are not syntactically enclosed, creating ambiguities in code where characters meant as literal strings are treated as part of the language's syntax. Each line of code is broken down...
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[ "Limitations" ]
[ "Scripting languages" ]
projected-00310996-010
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIRC%20scripting%20language
MIRC scripting language
Code examples
The mIRC scripting language (often unofficially abbreviated to "mSL") is the scripting language embedded in mIRC, an IRC client for Windows.
kick $chan $nick Dont say that again }
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[ "Code examples" ]
[ "Scripting languages" ]
projected-00310996-011
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIRC%20scripting%20language
MIRC scripting language
See also
The mIRC scripting language (often unofficially abbreviated to "mSL") is the scripting language embedded in mIRC, an IRC client for Windows.
Internet Relay Chat mIRC
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "Scripting languages" ]
projected-00310996-012
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIRC%20scripting%20language
MIRC scripting language
References
The mIRC scripting language (often unofficially abbreviated to "mSL") is the scripting language embedded in mIRC, an IRC client for Windows.
Smith, Chris. (2004). "Hack #20 Automate IRC with Scripting" in IRC Hacks: 100 Industrial-Strength Tips & Tools. Paul Mutton, ed. O'Reilly Media, Inc. pp. 71–74. (In-depth example of script features and usage) Jose Nazario (2004)Defense and Detection Strategies Against Internet Worms. Artech House, 2004. p. 53, 55. (D...
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[ "References" ]
[ "Scripting languages" ]
projected-00311001-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%27s%20function
Green's function
Introduction
In mathematics, a Green's function is the impulse response of an inhomogeneous linear differential operator defined on a domain with specified initial conditions or boundary conditions. This means that if is the linear differential operator, then the Green's function is the solution of the equation , where is Dir...
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[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Differential equations", "Generalized functions", "Equations of physics", "Mathematical physics" ]
projected-00311001-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%27s%20function
Green's function
Definition and uses
In mathematics, a Green's function is the impulse response of an inhomogeneous linear differential operator defined on a domain with specified initial conditions or boundary conditions. This means that if is the linear differential operator, then the Green's function is the solution of the equation , where is Dir...
A Green's function, , of a linear differential operator acting on distributions over a subset of the Euclidean space , at a point , is any solution of where is the Dirac delta function. This property of a Green's function can be exploited to solve differential equations of the form If the kernel of is non-trivial,...
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[ "Definition and uses" ]
[ "Differential equations", "Generalized functions", "Equations of physics", "Mathematical physics" ]
projected-00311001-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%27s%20function
Green's function
Motivation
In mathematics, a Green's function is the impulse response of an inhomogeneous linear differential operator defined on a domain with specified initial conditions or boundary conditions. This means that if is the linear differential operator, then the Green's function is the solution of the equation , where is Dir...
Loosely speaking, if such a function can be found for the operator , then, if we multiply the equation () for the Green's function by , and then integrate with respect to , we obtain, Because the operator is linear and acts only on the variable (and not on the variable of integration ), one may take the operator o...
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[ "Motivation" ]
[ "Differential equations", "Generalized functions", "Equations of physics", "Mathematical physics" ]