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projected-00311037-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Stump | Bob Stump | Introduction | Robert Lee Stump (April 4, 1927 – June 20, 2003) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Congressman from Arizona. He served as a member from the Democratic Party from 1977 to 1983 and then later a member of the Republican Party until the end of his tenure as congressman. | [] | [
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"United States Navy personnel of World War II",
... | |
projected-00311037-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Stump | Bob Stump | Early life and career | Robert Lee Stump (April 4, 1927 – June 20, 2003) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Congressman from Arizona. He served as a member from the Democratic Party from 1977 to 1983 and then later a member of the Republican Party until the end of his tenure as congressman. | Stump was born in Phoenix, and was a U.S. Navy World War II combat veteran, where he served on the USS Tulagi from 1943 to 1946. He graduated from Tolleson Union High School in 1947, and Arizona State University in 1951 where he was a member of the Delta Chi fraternity. He owned a cotton and grain farm in the Phoenix s... | [] | [
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"United States Navy personnel of World War II",
... |
projected-00311037-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Stump | Bob Stump | Member of Congress | Robert Lee Stump (April 4, 1927 – June 20, 2003) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Congressman from Arizona. He served as a member from the Democratic Party from 1977 to 1983 and then later a member of the Republican Party until the end of his tenure as congressman. | He was first elected to the 95th Congress on November 2, 1976, originally as a Democrat from the 3rd Congressional District, a vast district stretching from western Phoenix through Prescott to Lake Havasu City and the Grand Canyon. He defeated state senate minority leader Fred Koory with 47 percent of the vote.
Stump ... | [] | [
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"United States Navy personnel of World War II",
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projected-00311037-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Stump | Bob Stump | Bob Hope announcement | Robert Lee Stump (April 4, 1927 – June 20, 2003) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Congressman from Arizona. He served as a member from the Democratic Party from 1977 to 1983 and then later a member of the Republican Party until the end of his tenure as congressman. | After the Associated Press mistakenly placed Bob Hope's obituary on its web site in June 1998, Stump announced on the floor of the House that the entertainer had died. This was quickly denied by his daughter and publicist; Hope outlived Stump by five weeks, dying in 2003 at the age of 100. | [] | [
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"United States Navy personnel of World War II",
... |
projected-00311037-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Stump | Bob Stump | Death and legacy | Robert Lee Stump (April 4, 1927 – June 20, 2003) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Congressman from Arizona. He served as a member from the Democratic Party from 1977 to 1983 and then later a member of the Republican Party until the end of his tenure as congressman. | He decided not to run for re-election in 2002 due to declining health. He endorsed his longtime chief of staff, Lisa Jackson Atkins, as his successor in what was then numbered as the 2nd District. Atkins had been very visible in the district, to the point that many thought she actually represented it rather than Stump.... | [
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"United States Navy personnel of World War II",
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projected-00311037-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Stump | Bob Stump | See also | Robert Lee Stump (April 4, 1927 – June 20, 2003) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Congressman from Arizona. He served as a member from the Democratic Party from 1977 to 1983 and then later a member of the Republican Party until the end of his tenure as congressman. | List of American politicians who switched parties in office
List of United States representatives who switched parties | [] | [
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"United States Navy personnel of World War II",
... |
projected-00311052-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Introduction | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"English drama",
"Lists of plays",
"Plays by William Shakespeare",
"William Shakespeare"
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projected-00311052-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Introduction | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | Since the surviving evidence is fragmentary, there is not, nor can there be, a definitive or precise chronology. Performance history is often of limited use, as the first recorded performances of many plays were not necessarily when the plays were first performed. For example, the first recorded performance of Romeo an... | [] | [
"Introduction"
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projected-00311052-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | E.K. Chambers | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | The chronology presented by E.K. Chambers in 1930 is as follows:
Henry VI, Part 2 (1590–1591)
Henry VI, Part 3 (1590–1591)
Henry VI, Part 1 (1591–1592)
Richard III (1592–1593)
The Comedy of Errors (1592–1593)
Titus Andronicus (1593–1594)
The Taming of the Shrew (1593–1594)
The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1594–159... | [] | [
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projected-00311052-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Modern Complete Works | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | There are six major modern scholarly editions of the Complete Works of Shakespeare:
The Riverside Shakespeare (edited by G. Blakemore Evans in 1974, with a second edition in 1996)
The Oxford Shakespeare: The Complete Works (edited by Stanley Wells, Gary Taylor, John Jowett and William Montgomery in 1986, with a secon... | [] | [
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projected-00311052-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1589–1591) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: in Francis Meres' Palladis Tamia (1598), referred to as "Gentlemen of Verona."
First published: First Folio (1623).
First recorded performance: an adaptation by Benjamin Victor was performed at Drury Lane in 1762. The earliest known performance of the straight Shakespearean text was at Covent Gar... | [
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projected-00311052-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | The Taming of the Shrew (1590–1591) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: possible version of the play entered into Stationers' Register by Peter Short on 2 May 1594 as "a booke intituled A plesant Conceyted historie called the Tayminge of a Shrowe." First record of the play as it exists today is found in the First Folio (1623).
First published: possible version of the... | [
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projected-00311052-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Henry VI, Part 2 (1591) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: version of the play entered into the Stationers' Register by Thomas Millington on 12 March 1594 as "a booke intituled, the firste parte of the Contention of the twoo famous houses of York and Lancaster with the deathe of the good Duke Humfrey and the banishement and Deathe of the Duke of Suffolk ... | [
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projected-00311052-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Henry VI, Part 3 (1591) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: version of the play published in octavo in 1595. 3 Henry VI was never entered into the Stationers' Register.
First published: version of the play published in octavo in 1595 as The True Tragedie of Richard Duke of Yorke, and the death of good King Henrie the Sixt, with the Whole Contention betwee... | [
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projected-00311052-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Henry VI, Part 1 (1591–1592) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: possibly in Philip Henslowe's diary. On 3 March 1592, Henslowe reports seeing a "ne" play called "Harey the vj" (i.e. Henry VI), which could be a reference to 1 Henry VI, although this is not universally accepted. An entry found in the Stationers' Register on 19 April 1602 transferring the rights... | [] | [
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projected-00311052-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Titus Andronicus (1591–1592) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: Philip Henslowe's diary, 24 January 1594, where he records seeing the play "titus & ondronicus" at The Rose.
First published: published in quarto in February 1594 as The Most Lamentable Romaine Tragedie of Titus Andronicus, the first known printing of a Shakespearean play (printed by John Danter ... | [
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projected-00311052-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Richard III (1592–1593) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: version of the play entered into the Stationers' Register by Andrew Wise on 20 October 1597 as "The tragedie of kinge Richard the Third w the death of the duke of Clarence."
First published: version of the play published in quarto in December 1597 as The tragedy of King Richard the third. Contai... | [
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projected-00311052-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Edward III (1592–1593) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: entered into the Stationers' Register by Cuthbert Burby on 1 December 1595 as "a booke intituled Edward the Third and the blacke prince their warres w kinge Iohn of Fraunce."
First published: published in quarto in 1596 as The Raigne Of King Edvvard the third (printed anonymously for Burby). This... | [
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projected-00311052-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | The Comedy of Errors (1594) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: Francis Meres' Palladis Tamia (1598), referred to as "Errors."
First published: First Folio (1623).
First recorded performance: probably on Innocents Day, 28 December 1594, at Gray's Inn (one of the four London Inns of Court). The only known evidence for this performance is the Gesta Grayorum, a ... | [] | [
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projected-00311052-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Love's Labour's Lost (1594–1595) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: the play was published in quarto in 1598, although the exact date is unknown, as it was not entered into the Stationers' Register at the time. Also in 1598, Robert Tofte mentioned the play in his sonnet sequence Alba. The months minde of a melancholy lover; "Love's Labour Lost, I once did see, a ... | [
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projected-00311052-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Love's Labour's Won (1595–1596) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: Francis Meres' Palladis Tamia (1598), referred to as "Love labours wonne."
First published: prior to 1603; format and exact date unknown.
First recorded performance: there are no recorded performances of the play, but the fact that it is mentioned in Palladis Tamia strongly suggests it was perfor... | [
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projected-00311052-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Richard II (1595) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: entered into the Stationers' Register by Andrew Wise on 29 August 1597 as "the Tragedye of Richard the Second."
First published: published in quarto in 1597 as The Tragedie of King Richard the second (printed by Valentine Simmes for Andrew Wise). This text was republished twice in 1598 (on both o... | [
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projected-00311052-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Romeo and Juliet (1595) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: version of the play published in quarto in 1597. The play was not entered into the Stationers' Register at the time, not appearing until 22 July 1607.
First published: version of the play published in quarto in 1597 as An excellent conceited tragedie of Romeo and Iuliet (printed by John Danter fo... | [
"Romeoandjuliet1599.jpg"
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projected-00311052-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | A Midsummer Night's Dream (1595) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: Francis Meres' Palladis Tamia (1598); referred to as "Midsummers night dreame."
First published: published in November or December 1600 as A Midsommer nights dreame (printed by Richard Bradock for Thomas Fisher). This text was republished in 1619, with a title page date of 1600 and the name of th... | [
"Midsummer's Night Dream 1619.jpg"
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projected-00311052-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | King John (1596) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: Francis Meres' Palladis Tamia (1598), referred to as "King Iohn."
First published: First Folio (1623), as The life and death of King Iohn.
First recorded performance: although numerous references to the play throughout the seventeenth century indicate that it was performed with some frequency and... | [
"Troublesome Reign.jpg"
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"Chronology",
"King John (1596)"
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projected-00311052-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | The Merchant of Venice (1596–1597) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: entered into the Stationers' Register by James Roberts on 22 July 1598 as "a booke of the Marchaunt of Venyce or otherwise called the Iewe of Venyce."
First published: published in quarto in 1600 as The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. With the extreame crueltie of Shylocke the Jewe t... | [] | [
"Chronology",
"The Merchant of Venice (1596–1597)"
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"Lists of plays",
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projected-00311052-022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Henry IV, Part 1 (1596–1597) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: entered into the Stationers' Register by Andrew Wise on 25 February 1598 as "a booke intituled The historye of Henry the IIIJ with his battaile of Shrewsburye against Henry Hottspurre of the Northe with The conceited mirthe of Sir John Ffalstoff."
First published: two quarto texts were published ... | [
"Henry IV 1 title page.jpg"
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projected-00311052-023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | The Merry Wives of Windsor (1597) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: entered into the Stationers' Register by John Busby on 18 January 1602 as "A booke called An excellent and pleasant conceited commedie of Sir John Faulstof and the merry wyves of Windesor."
First published: version of the play published in quarto in 1602 as A most pleasaunt and excellent conceite... | [
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"The Merry Wives of Windsor (1597)"
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projected-00311052-024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Henry IV, Part 2 (1597–1598) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: entered into the Stationers' Register by Andrew Wise and William Aspley on 23 August 1600 as "the seconde parte of the history of Kinge Henry the iiij with the humours of Sir Iohn Ffallstaff." Jointly entered with Much Ado About Nothing.
First published: published in quarto in 1600 as The second ... | [
"Every Man Out.jpg"
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"Chronology",
"Henry IV, Part 2 (1597–1598)"
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projected-00311052-025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Much Ado About Nothing (1598–1599) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: mentioned in the Stationers' Register on a flyleaf dated 4 August 1600 as "The cōmedie of muche A doo about nothinge." Grouped with Henry V, As You Like It and Ben Jonson's Every Man in His Humour under the heading "to be staied." Who wrote the note, the exact nature of the grouping of plays, and... | [] | [
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] |
projected-00311052-026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Henry V (1599) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: mentioned in the Stationers' Register on a flyleaf dated 4 August 1600 as "Henry the ffift." Grouped with Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It and Ben Jonson's Every Man in His Humour under the heading "to be staied." Who wrote the note, the exact nature of the grouping of plays, and the meanin... | [
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projected-00311052-027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Julius Caesar (1599) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: mentioned in Thomas Platter the Younger's Diary on 21 September 1599.
First published: First Folio (1623), as The Tragedie of Ivlivs Cæsar.
First recorded performance: in his diary on 21 September 1599, Thomas Platter records "I went with my party across the water; in the straw-thatched house we ... | [] | [
"Chronology",
"Julius Caesar (1599)"
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"English drama",
"Lists of plays",
"Plays by William Shakespeare",
"William Shakespeare"
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projected-00311052-028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | As You Like It (1599–1600) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: mentioned in the Stationers' Register on a flyleaf dated 4 August 1600 as "As y like yt." Grouped with Much Ado About Nothing, Henry V and Ben Jonson's Every Man in His Humour under the heading "to be staied." Who wrote the note, the exact nature of the grouping of plays, and the meaning of "to b... | [
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"Chronology",
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projected-00311052-029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Hamlet (1599–1601) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: entered into the Stationers' Register by James Roberts on 26 July 1602 as "a booke called The Revenge of Hamlett Prince Denmarke."
First published: version of the play published in quarto in 1603 as The tragicall historie of Hamlet Prince of Denmarke (printed by Valentine Simmes for Nicholas Ling... | [
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projected-00311052-030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Twelfth Night (1601) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: John Manningham's diary on 2 February 1602.
First published: First Folio (1623), as Twelfe Night, Or what you will.
First recorded performance: John Manningham saw the play performed at the Middle Temple on Candlemas (2 February) 1602. The acting company is unrecorded but is thought to have been ... | [
"Wright–Molyneux Map.png"
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"Chronology",
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"English drama",
"Lists of plays",
"Plays by William Shakespeare",
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projected-00311052-031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Troilus and Cressida (1600–1602) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: entered into the Stationers' Register by James Roberts on 7 February 1603 as "the booke of Troilus and Cresseda."
First published: two different versions of the play were published in quarto in 1609. Q was published under the title The Historie of Troylus and Cresseida. Q was published under the ... | [
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"Plays by William Shakespeare",
"William Shakespeare"
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projected-00311052-032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Sir Thomas More (1592–1595; Shakespeare's involvement, 1603–1604) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: in the diary of Thomas Hearne, on 17 January 1728. Hearne wrote "On the 12th of Oct. last M Murray lent me a thin folio Paper MS done or sowed up in a Vellum Cover; on w it is intitled, The Booke of Sir Thomas Moore. This I have read over. It is wrote in the nature of a Play or Interlude, soon af... | [
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projected-00311052-033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Measure for Measure (1603–1604) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: an entry in the Revels Account Book records a performance on 26 December 1604 of "Mesur for Mesur" by "Shaxberd."
First published: First Folio (1623).
First recorded performance: in the banqueting hall at Whitehall Palace on 26 December 1604, by the King's Men.
Evidence: obviously the play was wr... | [] | [
"Chronology",
"Measure for Measure (1603–1604)"
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"English drama",
"Lists of plays",
"Plays by William Shakespeare",
"William Shakespeare"
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projected-00311052-034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Othello (1603–1604) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: an entry in the Revels Account Book records a performance on 1 November 1604 of "The Moor of Venis" by "Shaxberd."
First published: version of the play published in quarto in 1622 as The Tragœdy of Othello, The Moore of Venice (printed by Nicholas Okes for Thomas Walkley). The Folio text appears ... | [
"Othello title page.jpg"
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"Othello (1603–1604)"
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"English drama",
"Lists of plays",
"Plays by William Shakespeare",
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projected-00311052-035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | All's Well That Ends Well (1604–1605) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: mentioned in the Stationers' Register entry for the First Folio on 8 November 1623.
First published: First Folio (1623).
First recorded performance: at Goodman's Fields in 1741, billed as "written by Shakespeare and not acted since his time."
Evidence: a notoriously difficult play to date, with e... | [
"Samuel Taylor Coleridge by Washington Allston retouched.jpg"
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"Chronology",
"All's Well That Ends Well (1604–1605)"
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"English drama",
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"Plays by William Shakespeare",
"William Shakespeare"
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projected-00311052-036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | King Lear (1605–1606) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: entered into the Stationers' Register by Nathaniel Butter and John Busby on 26 November 1607 as "A booke called. M William Shakespeare his historye of Kinge Lear."
First published: version of the play published in quarto in 1608 as M. William Shakspeare: His True Chronicle Historie of the life an... | [
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projected-00311052-037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Timon of Athens (1605–1606) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: mentioned in the Stationers' Register entry for the First Folio, on 8 November 1623.
First published: First Folio (1623), as The Life of Tymon of Athens.
First recorded performance: there is no known evidence of a performance in Shakespeare's lifetime. The earliest known production of the play wa... | [
"Thomas Middleton.jpg"
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"Chronology",
"Timon of Athens (1605–1606)"
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"English drama",
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"Plays by William Shakespeare",
"William Shakespeare"
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projected-00311052-038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Macbeth (1606) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: in his notes for a book on "Common Policy" (i.e. public morals), Simon Forman records seeing the play at the Globe on 20 April 1611. He actually dates the performance "1610, the 20th April, Saturday," but in 1610, 20 April was a Tuesday, and most scholars feel he accidentally wrote the wrong year... | [
"Portrait of Henry Garnett.jpg"
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"Chronology",
"Macbeth (1606)"
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"English drama",
"Lists of plays",
"Plays by William Shakespeare",
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projected-00311052-039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Antony and Cleopatra (1606) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: entered into the Stationers' Register by Edward Blount on 20 May 1608 as "a booke Called Anthony. and Cleopatra." Jointly entered with Pericles, Prince of Tyre.
First published: First Folio (1623), as The Tragedie of Anthonie, and Cleopatra.
First recorded performance: in 1669 the Lord Chamberlai... | [
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projected-00311052-040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Pericles, Prince of Tyre (1607–1608) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: entered into the Stationers' Register by Edward Blount on 20 May 1608 as "A booke called. The booke of Pericles prynce of Tyre." Jointly entered with Antony and Cleopatra.
First published: published in quarto in 1609 as The Late and much admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre. With the tru... | [
"Pericles 1609.jpg"
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"Pericles, Prince of Tyre (1607–1608)"
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"English drama",
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projected-00311052-041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Coriolanus (1608) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: mentioned in the Stationers' Register entry for the First Folio, on 8 November 1623.
First published: First Folio (1623), as The Tragedy of Coriolanus.
First recorded performance: the earliest known production of the play was a 1681 adaptation by Nahum Tate performed at Drury Lane. Called The Ing... | [
"SirHughMyddelton.jpg"
] | [
"Chronology",
"Coriolanus (1608)"
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"English drama",
"Lists of plays",
"Plays by William Shakespeare",
"William Shakespeare"
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projected-00311052-042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | The Winter's Tale (1609–1611) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: in his journal, Simon Forman recorded seeing a performance of the play at the Globe on 15 May 1611.
First published: First Folio (1623).
First recorded performance: a production of the play by the King's Men was staged at the Globe on 15 May 1611, as recorded by Simon Forman.
Evidence: The Winter... | [] | [
"Chronology",
"The Winter's Tale (1609–1611)"
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"English drama",
"Lists of plays",
"Plays by William Shakespeare",
"William Shakespeare"
] |
projected-00311052-043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Cymbeline (1610) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: Simon Forman saw a production on an unspecified date in 1611. It is thought he saw the play not long before he died, on 8 September of that year.
First published: First Folio (1623), as The Tragedie of Cymbeline.
First recorded performance: Simon Forman saw the play in 1611, although the date (an... | [
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projected-00311052-044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | The Tempest (1610–1611) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: an entry in the Revels Account Book records a performance on 1 November 1611.
First published: First Folio (1623).
First recorded performance: in the banqueting hall at Whitehall Palace on 1 November 1611, performed by the King's Men.
Evidence: the date of The Tempest can be securely fixed betwee... | [] | [
"Chronology",
"The Tempest (1610–1611)"
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"English drama",
"Lists of plays",
"Plays by William Shakespeare",
"William Shakespeare"
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projected-00311052-045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Cardenio (1612–1613) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: entered into the Stationers' Register by Humphrey Moseley on 9 September 1653, as "The History of Cardenio, by Mr Fletcher and Shakespeare."
First published: as far as is known, Cardenio itself has never been published, but in 1728 Lewis Theobald published a play called Double Falshood; or, The D... | [
"Double Falsehood.jpg"
] | [
"Chronology",
"Cardenio (1612–1613)"
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"English drama",
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"Plays by William Shakespeare",
"William Shakespeare"
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projected-00311052-046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | Henry VIII (1612–1613) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: a letter by Thomas Lorkin, dated 30 June 1613, in which he describes a fire at the Globe Theatre caused when sparks from an on-stage cannon landed on a thatched roof during a performance of "the play of Hen:8."
First published: First Folio (1623), as The Famous History of the Life of King Henry t... | [] | [
"Chronology",
"Henry VIII (1612–1613)"
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"English drama",
"Lists of plays",
"Plays by William Shakespeare",
"William Shakespeare"
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projected-00311052-047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20of%20Shakespeare%27s%20plays | Chronology of Shakespeare's plays | The Two Noble Kinsmen (1613–1614) | This article presents a possible chronological listing of the composition of the plays of William Shakespeare.
Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre by various means, using external evidence (such as references to the... | First official record: a fragment from the King's Office of the Revels, dated 1619, includes a list of plays which may have been recently performed at court. Two Noble Kinsmen is one of the plays mentioned.
First published: published in quarto in 1634 (printed by Thomas Cotes for John Waterson).
First recorded performa... | [
"The Two Noble Kinsmen by John Fletcher William Shakespeare 1634.jpg"
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"Chronology",
"The Two Noble Kinsmen (1613–1614)"
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"English drama",
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"Plays by William Shakespeare",
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projected-00311061-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithwick%27s | Smithwick's | Introduction | Smithwick's () is an Irish red ale-style beer.
Smithwick's brewery was founded in Kilkenny in 1710 by John Smithwick and run by the Smithwick family of Kilkenny until 1965 when it was acquired by Guinness, now part of Diageo. The Kilkenny brewery was shut down in 2013 and production of all Smithwick's and Kilkenny bra... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Beer in Ireland",
"1710 establishments in Ireland",
"Diageo beer brands",
"Irish alcoholic drinks"
] | |
projected-00311061-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithwick%27s | Smithwick's | History | Smithwick's () is an Irish red ale-style beer.
Smithwick's brewery was founded in Kilkenny in 1710 by John Smithwick and run by the Smithwick family of Kilkenny until 1965 when it was acquired by Guinness, now part of Diageo. The Kilkenny brewery was shut down in 2013 and production of all Smithwick's and Kilkenny bra... | Smithwick's Brewery was founded by John Smithwick in 1710. The brewery is on the site of a Franciscan abbey, where monks had brewed ale since the 14th century, and ruins of the original abbey still remain on its grounds. The old brewery was later renovated to become the "Smithwick's Experience Kilkenny" visitor attrac... | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Beer in Ireland",
"1710 establishments in Ireland",
"Diageo beer brands",
"Irish alcoholic drinks"
] |
projected-00311061-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithwick%27s | Smithwick's | Smithwick Family | Smithwick's () is an Irish red ale-style beer.
Smithwick's brewery was founded in Kilkenny in 1710 by John Smithwick and run by the Smithwick family of Kilkenny until 1965 when it was acquired by Guinness, now part of Diageo. The Kilkenny brewery was shut down in 2013 and production of all Smithwick's and Kilkenny bra... | Walter and Eileen Smithwick had 6 children; Judge Peter Smithwick, Michael, Anne, Judy, Paul and John.
Judge Peter Smithwick (born 1937) is an Irish judge, and Chairman and Sole Member of the Smithwick Tribunal, a Tribunal of Inquiry into the events surrounding the killing of Chief Superintendent Harry Breen and Supe... | [] | [
"Smithwick Family"
] | [
"Beer in Ireland",
"1710 establishments in Ireland",
"Diageo beer brands",
"Irish alcoholic drinks"
] |
projected-00311061-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithwick%27s | Smithwick's | Sullivan's Brewery | Smithwick's () is an Irish red ale-style beer.
Smithwick's brewery was founded in Kilkenny in 1710 by John Smithwick and run by the Smithwick family of Kilkenny until 1965 when it was acquired by Guinness, now part of Diageo. The Kilkenny brewery was shut down in 2013 and production of all Smithwick's and Kilkenny bra... | In the Old Kilkenny Review, year unknown, Peter Smithwick, K.M., Solicitor, wrote that the tradition in Kilkenny is that Sullivan's Brewery was founded in 1702 by Daniel Sullivan, a Protestant, who bought property in trust for Pierse Bryan of Jenkinstown, a Catholic who was prohibited by the Penal Laws from buying land... | [] | [
"Sullivan's Brewery"
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"Beer in Ireland",
"1710 establishments in Ireland",
"Diageo beer brands",
"Irish alcoholic drinks"
] |
projected-00311061-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithwick%27s | Smithwick's | Brands | Smithwick's () is an Irish red ale-style beer.
Smithwick's brewery was founded in Kilkenny in 1710 by John Smithwick and run by the Smithwick family of Kilkenny until 1965 when it was acquired by Guinness, now part of Diageo. The Kilkenny brewery was shut down in 2013 and production of all Smithwick's and Kilkenny bra... | Smithwick's Draught is an Irish red ale and as the style suggests, has a red tone. It is produced using hops and roasted, malted barley. In 2004, Diageo PLC began distribution in the USA. Smithwick's had previously been marketed in Canada.
Kilkenny Irish Cream Ale is similar to Smithwick's Draught; however, it has a ... | [] | [
"Brands"
] | [
"Beer in Ireland",
"1710 establishments in Ireland",
"Diageo beer brands",
"Irish alcoholic drinks"
] |
projected-00311061-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithwick%27s | Smithwick's | See also | Smithwick's () is an Irish red ale-style beer.
Smithwick's brewery was founded in Kilkenny in 1710 by John Smithwick and run by the Smithwick family of Kilkenny until 1965 when it was acquired by Guinness, now part of Diageo. The Kilkenny brewery was shut down in 2013 and production of all Smithwick's and Kilkenny bra... | Irish beer | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Beer in Ireland",
"1710 establishments in Ireland",
"Diageo beer brands",
"Irish alcoholic drinks"
] |
projected-00311062-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20Stenhammar | Wilhelm Stenhammar | Introduction | Carl Wilhelm Eugen Stenhammar (February 7, 1871 – November 20, 1927) was a Swedish composer, conductor and pianist. | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"1927 deaths",
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"20th-century classical composers",
"20th-century conductors (music)",
"20th-century Swedish male musicians",
"20th-century Swedish musicians",
"Male opera composers",
"Musicians from Stockholm",
... | |
projected-00311062-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20Stenhammar | Wilhelm Stenhammar | Biography | Carl Wilhelm Eugen Stenhammar (February 7, 1871 – November 20, 1927) was a Swedish composer, conductor and pianist. | Stenhammar was born in Stockholm and was the brother of architect Ernst Stenhammar. He received his first musical education in Stockholm. He then went to Berlin to further his studies in music. He became a glowing admirer of German music, especially Richard Wagner and Anton Bruckner. Stenhammar himself described the st... | [] | [
"Biography"
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"1871 births",
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"20th-century classical composers",
"20th-century conductors (music)",
"20th-century Swedish male musicians",
"20th-century Swedish musicians",
"Male opera composers",
"Musicians from Stockholm",
... |
projected-00311062-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20Stenhammar | Wilhelm Stenhammar | Work | Carl Wilhelm Eugen Stenhammar (February 7, 1871 – November 20, 1927) was a Swedish composer, conductor and pianist. | His works were quite varied and included two completed symphonies, a substantial Serenade for Orchestra, two piano concertos, four piano sonatas, a violin sonata, six string quartets, many songs and other vocal works, including several large-scale works for chorus or voices and orchestra: the early ballad Florez och Bl... | [] | [
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"1871 births",
"1927 deaths",
"19th-century classical composers",
"19th-century conductors (music)",
"20th-century classical composers",
"20th-century conductors (music)",
"20th-century Swedish male musicians",
"20th-century Swedish musicians",
"Male opera composers",
"Musicians from Stockholm",
... |
projected-00311062-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20Stenhammar | Wilhelm Stenhammar | List of compositions | Carl Wilhelm Eugen Stenhammar (February 7, 1871 – November 20, 1927) was a Swedish composer, conductor and pianist. | Opera
Gillet på Solhaug (1892–1893)
Tirfing (1897–1898)
Orchestral works
Piano Concerto No. 1 in B-flat minor, Op. 1 (1893)
Excelsior! Concert Overture, Op. 13 (1896)
Symphony No. 1 in F major (1902–03, withdrawn)
Piano Concerto No. 2 in D minor, Op. 23 (1904–1907)
Two Sentimental Romances for violin and orches... | [] | [
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projected-00311062-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20Stenhammar | Wilhelm Stenhammar | Sources | Carl Wilhelm Eugen Stenhammar (February 7, 1871 – November 20, 1927) was a Swedish composer, conductor and pianist. | The Chamber Music Journal (1994), V (2): 1,4. Riverwoods, IL: Cobbett Association. .
Some information in the above article appears on the website of Edition Silvertrust. Permission to use, copy, alter and distribute has been given to Wikipedia under the GNU License and GFDL. | [] | [
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projected-00311065-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Which%3F | Which? | Introduction | Which? is a United Kingdom brand name that promotes informed consumer choice in the purchase of goods and services by testing products, highlighting inferior products or services, raising awareness of consumer rights and offering independent advice. The brand name is used by the Consumers' Association, a registered cha... | [] | [
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projected-00311065-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Which%3F | Which? | History and background | Which? is a United Kingdom brand name that promotes informed consumer choice in the purchase of goods and services by testing products, highlighting inferior products or services, raising awareness of consumer rights and offering independent advice. The brand name is used by the Consumers' Association, a registered cha... | The organisation was set up in 1957
as a response to the changing values and concerns of the post-war era, at a time of rapid changes in product markets and consumer behaviour – and a corresponding growth in sharp trading practices. To combat this, Michael Young, research director for the Labour Party, proposed settin... | [] | [
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projected-00311065-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Which%3F | Which? | Product testing | Which? is a United Kingdom brand name that promotes informed consumer choice in the purchase of goods and services by testing products, highlighting inferior products or services, raising awareness of consumer rights and offering independent advice. The brand name is used by the Consumers' Association, a registered cha... | Which? carries out systematic testing of consumer products and financial services, the results of which are published in reports in Which? magazine and on the Which? website. Tests are carried out on goods, services, and suppliers. Testing covers reliability, performance, safety, energy efficiency and value-for-money, ... | [] | [
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projected-00311065-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Which%3F | Which? | Publications | Which? is a United Kingdom brand name that promotes informed consumer choice in the purchase of goods and services by testing products, highlighting inferior products or services, raising awareness of consumer rights and offering independent advice. The brand name is used by the Consumers' Association, a registered cha... | Most Which? publications are supplied only to subscribers, and are not on general sale. Which? magazine, started in 1957, is the organisation's principal publication. The magazine reports on consumer issues of the day, publishes product testing results and findings of original research and investigations.
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projected-00311065-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Which%3F | Which? | Finances | Which? is a United Kingdom brand name that promotes informed consumer choice in the purchase of goods and services by testing products, highlighting inferior products or services, raising awareness of consumer rights and offering independent advice. The brand name is used by the Consumers' Association, a registered cha... | The Consumer's Association experienced sharply increased income up to 2014, and since then has shown steady figures. | [
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projected-00311065-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Which%3F | Which? | Policy, consultation and parliamentary lobbying | Which? is a United Kingdom brand name that promotes informed consumer choice in the purchase of goods and services by testing products, highlighting inferior products or services, raising awareness of consumer rights and offering independent advice. The brand name is used by the Consumers' Association, a registered cha... | Which? regularly briefs and lobbies MPs, Peers, AMs, MLAs, MSPs and MEPs on national, European and international consumer issues. For example, Which? successfully lobbied to put an end to the '65-day rule' that allowed energy companies to wait 65 days before informing their customers of a price change.
Following the c... | [] | [
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projected-00311065-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Which%3F | Which? | Super-complaints | Which? is a United Kingdom brand name that promotes informed consumer choice in the purchase of goods and services by testing products, highlighting inferior products or services, raising awareness of consumer rights and offering independent advice. The brand name is used by the Consumers' Association, a registered cha... | The Consumers' Association has the power under The Enterprise Act 2002 to take action on behalf of consumers, including the ability to bring a super-complaint to the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA). Which? is one of five organisations able to issue a super-complaint. The Consumers' Association was among the first gro... | [] | [
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projected-00311065-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Which%3F | Which? | Legal action against rogue traders | Which? is a United Kingdom brand name that promotes informed consumer choice in the purchase of goods and services by testing products, highlighting inferior products or services, raising awareness of consumer rights and offering independent advice. The brand name is used by the Consumers' Association, a registered cha... | In 2005 Which? was granted legal powers to bring rogue traders to account for their actions under Part 8 of the Enterprise Act 2002. | [] | [
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projected-00311065-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Which%3F | Which? | Unfair contract terms | Which? is a United Kingdom brand name that promotes informed consumer choice in the purchase of goods and services by testing products, highlighting inferior products or services, raising awareness of consumer rights and offering independent advice. The brand name is used by the Consumers' Association, a registered cha... | Which? has statutory powers under the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999. Which? can seek an injunction to restrain the use of an unfair contract term by a trader against consumers. | [] | [
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projected-00311065-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Which%3F | Which? | Competition Appeals Tribunal | Which? is a United Kingdom brand name that promotes informed consumer choice in the purchase of goods and services by testing products, highlighting inferior products or services, raising awareness of consumer rights and offering independent advice. The brand name is used by the Consumers' Association, a registered cha... | Which? is one of the 'specified bodies' who, under the Enterprise and Competition Acts, may bring proceedings before the Competition Appeals Tribunal (CAT) on behalf of two or more consumers for damages. Which? was granted specified body status on 1 October 2005 by the Ministers of the Department of Trade and Industry.... | [] | [
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projected-00311065-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Which%3F | Which? | Organisational structure | Which? is a United Kingdom brand name that promotes informed consumer choice in the purchase of goods and services by testing products, highlighting inferior products or services, raising awareness of consumer rights and offering independent advice. The brand name is used by the Consumers' Association, a registered cha... | The Consumers’ Association owns an operational company Which? Ltd who report to the Council of Trustees. The Board of Which? Ltd is made up primarily of co-opted members, members of Which? staff and some representative[s] from the Consumers' Association Council.
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projected-00311065-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Which%3F | Which? | Further reading | Which? is a United Kingdom brand name that promotes informed consumer choice in the purchase of goods and services by testing products, highlighting inferior products or services, raising awareness of consumer rights and offering independent advice. The brand name is used by the Consumers' Association, a registered cha... | Joyce Epstein (1989) : The Early Days of Consumers` Association - Interviews with CA`s Founders , RICA - RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR CONSUMER AFFAIRS
Willy van Ryckeghem (2005) : L`Histoire de Test-Achats Editions Racine, Brussels | [] | [
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projected-00311067-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Introduction | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | [] | [
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projected-00311067-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | History | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | Brazil was a colony of Portugal for over three centuries. About a million Portuguese settlers arrived during this period and brought their culture to the colony. The Indigenous inhabitants of Brazil had much contact with the colonists. Many became extinct, others mixed with the Portuguese. For that reason, Brasil also... | [
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projected-00311067-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Language | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | The official language of Brazil is Portuguese. It is spoken by about 99% of the population, making it one of the strongest elements of national identity. There are only some Amerindian groups and small pockets of immigrants who do not speak Portuguese.
Similarly to American English and Canadian French, Brazilian Port... | [
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projected-00311067-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Religion | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | About 2/3 of the population are Roman Catholics. Catholicism was introduced and spread largely by the Portuguese Jesuits, who arrived in 1549 during the colonization with the mission of converting the Indigenous people. The Society of Jesus played a large role in the formation of Brazilian religious identity until thei... | [] | [
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projected-00311067-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Carnival | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | The Brazilian Carnaval is an annual festival held forty-six days before Easter. Carnival celebrations are believed to have roots in the pagan festival of Saturnalia, which, adapted to Christianity, became a farewell to bad things in a season of religious discipline to practice repentance and prepare for Christ's death ... | [
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projected-00311067-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Cuisine (gastronomy) | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | Brazilian cuisine varies greatly by region. This diversity reflects the country's history and mix of indigenous and immigrant cultures. This has created a national cooking style, marked by the preservation of regional differences. Since the imperial period, the feijoada, a Portuguese stew with origins in Ancient Rome, ... | [
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projected-00311067-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Literature | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | Literature in Brazil dates back to the 16th century, to the writings of the first Portuguese explorers in Brazil, such as Pêro Vaz de Caminha, filled with descriptions of fauna, flora and Indigenous peoples that amazed Europeans that arrived in Brazil. When Brazil became a colony of Portugal, there was the "Jesuit Li... | [
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projected-00311067-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Painting and sculpture | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | The oldest known examples of Brazilian art are cave paintings in Serra da Capivara National Park in the state of Piauí, dating back to c. 13,000 BC. In Minas Gerais and Goiás have been found more recent examples showing geometric patterns and animal forms. One of the most sophisticated kinds of Pre-Columbian artifact f... | [
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projected-00311067-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Architecture | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | Brazilian architecture in the colonial period was heavily influenced by the Portuguese Manueline style, albeit adapted for the tropical climate. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the city of Ouro Preto in the state of Minas Gerais contains numerous well-preserved examples of this style by artists such as Aleijadinho.
In l... | [
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projected-00311067-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Photography | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | Chichico Alkmim was a pioneer of photography in rural Minas Gerais in the early 20th century. Hildegard Rosenthal was a pioneering photojournalist in São Paulo whose photographs from the 1940s have been widely exhibited and published. Sebastião Salgado is a black and white photographer, known for Genesis and the docum... | [
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projected-00311067-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Cinema | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | Cinema has a long tradition in Brazil, reaching back to the birth of the medium in the late 19th century, and gained a new level of international acclaim in recent years. Limite, written and directed by Mário Peixoto, was an avant-garde silent film first screened in 1931. , embodied by films such as and ("Black God, ... | [
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projected-00311067-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Theater | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | Theater was introduced by the Jesuits during the colonization, particularly by Father Joseph of Anchieta, but did not attract much interest until the transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil in 1808. Over the course of the 18th century, theatre evolved alongside the blossoming literature traditions with names such as... | [] | [
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projected-00311067-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Music | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | Music is one of the most instantly recognizable elements of Brazilian culture. Many different genres and styles have emerged in Brazil, such as samba, choro, bossa nova, MPB, frevo, forró, maracatu, sertanejo, brega and axé. | [
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projected-00311067-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Samba | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | Samba is among the most popular music genres in Brazil and is widely regarded as the country's national musical style. It developed from the mixture of European and African music, brought by slaves in the colonial period and originated in the state of Bahia. In the early 20th century, modern samba emerged and was popu... | [] | [
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projected-00311067-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Choro | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | Choro originated in the 19th century through interpretations of European genres such as polka and schottische by Brazilian artists who had already been influenced by African rhythms such as the batuque. It is a largely instrumental genre that shares a number of characteristics with samba. Choro gained popularity aroun... | [] | [
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projected-00311067-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Bossa nova and MPB | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | Bossa nova is a style of Brazilian music that originated in the late 1950s. It has its roots on samba but features less percussion, employing instead a distinctive and percussive guitar pattern. Bossa nova gained mainstream popularity in Brazil in 1958 with the song Chega de Saudade, written by Antônio Carlos Jobim an... | [
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projected-00311067-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Tropicalismo | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | In the 1960s some MPB artists founded the short-lived but highly influential Tropicália or Tropicalismo movement, which attracted international attention. Among those were Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil, Gal Costa, Jorge Mautner, Tom Zé, Nara Leão, Ney Matogrosso and Os Mutantes. Although the movement was rooted in music... | [] | [
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projected-00311067-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Sertanejo | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | Sertanejo is the most popular genre in Brazilian mainstream media since the 1990s. It evolved from música caipira over the course of the 20th century, a style of music that originated in Brazilian countryside and that made use of the viola caipira, although it presents nowadays a heavy influence from American country m... | [
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projected-00311067-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Forró and frevo | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | Forró and Frevo are two music and dance forms originated in the Brazilian Northeast. Forró, like Choro, originated from European folk genres such as the schottische in between the 19th and early 20th centuries. It remains a very popular music style, particularly in the Northeast region, and is danced in forrobodós (par... | [] | [
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projected-00311067-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Classical music | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | Brazil has also a tradition in the classical music, since the 18th Century. The oldest composer with the full documented work is José Maurício Nunes Garcia, a Catholic priest who wrote numerous pieces, both sacred and secular, with a style resembling the classical viennese style from Mozart and Haydn. In the 19th centu... | [
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projected-00311067-022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Other genres | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | Many other genres have originated in Brazil, specially in recent years. Some of the most notable are:
The mangue beat movement, originated in Recife and founded by the late Chico Science and Nação Zumbi. The music fuses elements of maracatu, frevo, funk rock and hip hop.
Axé is a very popular genre, particularly in th... | [] | [
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projected-00311067-023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Dances | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | Brazilian Zouk
Carimbó
Frevo
Lambada
Lundu
Maculelê
Maxixe
Samba
Samba de Gafieira
Suscia
Xaxado
Forró | [
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] |
projected-00311067-025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Television | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | Television has played a large role in the formation of the contemporary Brazilian popular culture. It was introduced in 1950 by Assis Chateaubriand and remains the country's most important element of mass media.
Telenovelas are a marking feature in Brazilian television, usually being broadcast in prime time on most ma... | [] | [
"Popular culture",
"Television"
] | [
"Brazilian culture"
] |
projected-00311067-026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Folklore | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | Brazilian folklore includes many stories, legends, dances, superstitions and religious rituals. Characters include the Boitatá, the Boto Cor-de-Rosa, the Saci and the Bumba Meu Boi, which has spawned the famous June festival in Northern and Northeastern Brazil. | [] | [
"Popular culture",
"Folklore"
] | [
"Brazilian culture"
] |
projected-00311067-027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Brazil | Culture of Brazil | Social media | The culture of Brazil is primarily Western, being derived from Portuguese culture, as well as the cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Armenians, Japanese, C... | Social media in Brazil is the use of social networking applications in this South American nation. This is due to economic growth and the increasing availability of computers and smartphones. Brazil is the world's second-largest user of Twitter (at 41.2 million tweeters), and largest market for YouTube outside the Unit... | [] | [
"Social media"
] | [
"Brazilian culture"
] |