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projected-00311178-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Pancras%20railway%20station | St Pancras railway station | Southeastern | St Pancras railway station (), also known as London St Pancras or St Pancras International and officially since 2007 as London St Pancras International, is a central London railway terminus on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden. It is the terminus for Eurostar services from Belgium, France and the Netherlands ... | Southeastern runs high-speed Class 395 trains on High Speed 1 to Kent and the South East, to Faversham, , , , , , Ashford, Ebbsfleet International and other destinations in Kent.
The first domestic service carrying passengers over High Speed 1 ran on 12 December 2008, to mark one year before regular services were due ... | [
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projected-00311178-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Pancras%20railway%20station | St Pancras railway station | Olympic Javelin service | St Pancras railway station (), also known as London St Pancras or St Pancras International and officially since 2007 as London St Pancras International, is a central London railway terminus on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden. It is the terminus for Eurostar services from Belgium, France and the Netherlands ... | During the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, St Pancras was the Central London terminus of the Olympic Javelin service, a seven-minute shuttle between Central London and Stratford International station for the London Olympic Park. | [] | [
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projected-00311178-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Pancras%20railway%20station | St Pancras railway station | International services | St Pancras railway station (), also known as London St Pancras or St Pancras International and officially since 2007 as London St Pancras International, is a central London railway terminus on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden. It is the terminus for Eurostar services from Belgium, France and the Netherlands ... | Up to thirty nine Eurostar trains travel daily depart from St Pancras to and from either Paris Gare du Nord, Bruxelles-Midi/Brussel-Zuid, Amsterdam Centraal and Marne-la-Vallée for Disneyland Resort Paris. Extra services run to Paris on Fridays and Sundays, with a reduced service to Brussels and Amsterdam at weekends. ... | [
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projected-00311178-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Pancras%20railway%20station | St Pancras railway station | Creative arts | St Pancras railway station (), also known as London St Pancras or St Pancras International and officially since 2007 as London St Pancras International, is a central London railway terminus on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden. It is the terminus for Eurostar services from Belgium, France and the Netherlands ... | There are several works of art on public display at St Pancras. A high bronze statue titled The Meeting Place stands at the south end of the upper level beneath the station clock. It was designed by the British artist Paul Day to evoke the romance of travel through the depiction of a couple locked in an amorous embra... | [
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projected-00311178-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Pancras%20railway%20station | St Pancras railway station | Hotel | St Pancras railway station (), also known as London St Pancras or St Pancras International and officially since 2007 as London St Pancras International, is a central London railway terminus on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden. It is the terminus for Eurostar services from Belgium, France and the Netherlands ... | In 1865 the Midland Railway Company held a competition for architects to design a hotel to front the station. George Gilbert Scott was persuaded to enter by his friend, Midland director Joseph Lewis, and completed the winning design at home while attending to his son who had fallen ill. Though plans were complete by th... | [
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projected-00311178-022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Pancras%20railway%20station | St Pancras railway station | Accidents and incidents | St Pancras railway station (), also known as London St Pancras or St Pancras International and officially since 2007 as London St Pancras International, is a central London railway terminus on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden. It is the terminus for Eurostar services from Belgium, France and the Netherlands ... | On 17 February 1918 a German Gotha aircraft dropped five bombs, one of which destroyed the roof of the station's ornate booking hall and killed 20 people. The station was also bombed in World War II, including a parachute mine damaging the roof on 15–16 October 1940, and a bomb exploding in the beer vaults underneath P... | [] | [
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projected-00311178-025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Pancras%20railway%20station | St Pancras railway station | Competition with Eurostar | St Pancras railway station (), also known as London St Pancras or St Pancras International and officially since 2007 as London St Pancras International, is a central London railway terminus on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden. It is the terminus for Eurostar services from Belgium, France and the Netherlands ... | In January 2010, the European railway network was opened to liberalisation to allow greater competition. Both Air France-KLM and Deutsche Bahn expressed interest in taking advantage of the new laws to run new services via High Speed 1 to St Pancras.
In December 2009, Deutsche Bahn received permission to run trains thr... | [
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projected-00311178-026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Pancras%20railway%20station | St Pancras railway station | Great Northern | St Pancras railway station (), also known as London St Pancras or St Pancras International and officially since 2007 as London St Pancras International, is a central London railway terminus on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden. It is the terminus for Eurostar services from Belgium, France and the Netherlands ... | From December 2018, as part of the Thameslink programme, services from the East Coast Main Line/Great Northern Route, also part of the Govia Thameslink Railway franchise, will be linked to the Thameslink route, diverting trains previously terminating at Kings Cross into the Thameslink platforms at St Pancras and then t... | [] | [
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projected-00311178-027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Pancras%20railway%20station | St Pancras railway station | Freight | St Pancras railway station (), also known as London St Pancras or St Pancras International and officially since 2007 as London St Pancras International, is a central London railway terminus on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden. It is the terminus for Eurostar services from Belgium, France and the Netherlands ... | On 21 March 2012, a SNCF TGV La Poste trainset was displayed at St Pancras. However, regular services proposed for 2017 would use a new terminal planned near Barking. | [] | [
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projected-00311178-028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Pancras%20railway%20station | St Pancras railway station | London Underground station | St Pancras railway station (), also known as London St Pancras or St Pancras International and officially since 2007 as London St Pancras International, is a central London railway terminus on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden. It is the terminus for Eurostar services from Belgium, France and the Netherlands ... | King's Cross St Pancras Underground station serves both King's Cross and St Pancras main-line stations. It is in fare zone 1. The station has two ticket halls, both of which can be accessed directly from the St Pancras concourse. The tube station is served by more lines than any other station on the London Underground.... | [
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projected-00311179-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichi%20the%20Killer%20%28film%29 | Ichi the Killer (film) | Introduction | Ichi the Killer () is a 2001 Japanese action film directed by Takashi Miike, written by Sakichi Sato, based on Hideo Yamamoto's manga series of the same name, and starring Tadanobu Asano and Nao Omori. Omori portrays the title character, a psychologically damaged man who is manipulated into assaulting or killing rival ... | [] | [
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projected-00311179-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichi%20the%20Killer%20%28film%29 | Ichi the Killer (film) | Plot | Ichi the Killer () is a 2001 Japanese action film directed by Takashi Miike, written by Sakichi Sato, based on Hideo Yamamoto's manga series of the same name, and starring Tadanobu Asano and Nao Omori. Omori portrays the title character, a psychologically damaged man who is manipulated into assaulting or killing rival ... | Ichi is on a balcony, masturbating while spying on a pimp raping and assaulting a prostitute. When the pimp discovers him, he flees.
A sadistic yakuza boss named Anjo has been massacred. A cleaning crew run by Jijii removes all traces of Anjo's blood and entrails, and credits Ichi for the slaughter. Later, Kakihara, A... | [] | [
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projected-00311179-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichi%20the%20Killer%20%28film%29 | Ichi the Killer (film) | Production | Ichi the Killer () is a 2001 Japanese action film directed by Takashi Miike, written by Sakichi Sato, based on Hideo Yamamoto's manga series of the same name, and starring Tadanobu Asano and Nao Omori. Omori portrays the title character, a psychologically damaged man who is manipulated into assaulting or killing rival ... | The soundtrack was written and produced by Karera Musication, a side project of the Japanese band Boredoms, under the direction of ex-guitarist Seiichi Yamamoto and percussionist/band leader Yoshimi P-We. | [] | [
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"Live-action films based on manga",
"Obscenity controversies... |
projected-00311179-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichi%20the%20Killer%20%28film%29 | Ichi the Killer (film) | Themes | Ichi the Killer () is a 2001 Japanese action film directed by Takashi Miike, written by Sakichi Sato, based on Hideo Yamamoto's manga series of the same name, and starring Tadanobu Asano and Nao Omori. Omori portrays the title character, a psychologically damaged man who is manipulated into assaulting or killing rival ... | Film journalist Tom Mes has suggested that the film is in fact a very sophisticated assessment of violence and its relation to the media and implicating the audience. He writes that "It's a paradox, but Ichi the Killer, a film that sets new boundaries in the portrayal of violence and bloodshed, takes a strongly critica... | [] | [
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projected-00311179-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichi%20the%20Killer%20%28film%29 | Ichi the Killer (film) | Release | Ichi the Killer () is a 2001 Japanese action film directed by Takashi Miike, written by Sakichi Sato, based on Hideo Yamamoto's manga series of the same name, and starring Tadanobu Asano and Nao Omori. Omori portrays the title character, a psychologically damaged man who is manipulated into assaulting or killing rival ... | The film had its world premiere in the Midnight Madness section at the 2001 Toronto International Film Festival on 14 September 2001. It was released in Japan on 22 December 2001.
As a publicity gimmick, barf bags were received by viewers out at the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) to those attending the mid... | [] | [
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projected-00311179-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichi%20the%20Killer%20%28film%29 | Ichi the Killer (film) | Reception | Ichi the Killer () is a 2001 Japanese action film directed by Takashi Miike, written by Sakichi Sato, based on Hideo Yamamoto's manga series of the same name, and starring Tadanobu Asano and Nao Omori. Omori portrays the title character, a psychologically damaged man who is manipulated into assaulting or killing rival ... | On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 65% based on 40 reviews, with a weighted average rating of 6.20/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Ichi The Killer is a thoroughly shocking gorefest that will surely entertain those with strong stomachs and a penchant for brutal violence." Metacritic re... | [] | [
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projected-00311179-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichi%20the%20Killer%20%28film%29 | Ichi the Killer (film) | Prequel | Ichi the Killer () is a 2001 Japanese action film directed by Takashi Miike, written by Sakichi Sato, based on Hideo Yamamoto's manga series of the same name, and starring Tadanobu Asano and Nao Omori. Omori portrays the title character, a psychologically damaged man who is manipulated into assaulting or killing rival ... | The film was followed by a prequel, 1-Ichi. Nao Omori reprises his role in the prequel, playing a younger version of Ichi. | [] | [
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projected-00311179-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichi%20the%20Killer%20%28film%29 | Ichi the Killer (film) | See also | Ichi the Killer () is a 2001 Japanese action film directed by Takashi Miike, written by Sakichi Sato, based on Hideo Yamamoto's manga series of the same name, and starring Tadanobu Asano and Nao Omori. Omori portrays the title character, a psychologically damaged man who is manipulated into assaulting or killing rival ... | Prostitution in Japan | [] | [
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"Ichi the Killer",
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"Live-action films based on manga",
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projected-00311180-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prout%27s%20hypothesis | Prout's hypothesis | Introduction | Prout's hypothesis was an early 19th-century attempt to explain the existence of the various chemical elements through a hypothesis regarding the internal structure of the atom. In 1815 and 1816, the English chemist William Prout published two papers in which he observed that the atomic weights that had been measured ... | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"History of chemistry",
"Discoverers of chemical elements",
"1810s in science",
"1815 in science",
"1816 in science"
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projected-00311180-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prout%27s%20hypothesis | Prout's hypothesis | Influence | Prout's hypothesis was an early 19th-century attempt to explain the existence of the various chemical elements through a hypothesis regarding the internal structure of the atom. In 1815 and 1816, the English chemist William Prout published two papers in which he observed that the atomic weights that had been measured ... | Prout's hypothesis remained influential in chemistry throughout the 1820s. However, more careful measurements of the atomic weights, such as those compiled by Jacob Berzelius in 1828 or Edward Turner in 1832, disproved the hypothesis. In particular, the atomic weight of chlorine, which is 35.45 times that of hydrogen,... | [] | [
"Influence"
] | [
"History of chemistry",
"Discoverers of chemical elements",
"1810s in science",
"1815 in science",
"1816 in science"
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projected-00311180-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prout%27s%20hypothesis | Prout's hypothesis | Literary allusions | Prout's hypothesis was an early 19th-century attempt to explain the existence of the various chemical elements through a hypothesis regarding the internal structure of the atom. In 1815 and 1816, the English chemist William Prout published two papers in which he observed that the atomic weights that had been measured ... | In his 1891 novel The Doings of Raffles Haw, Arthur Conan Doyle talks about turning elements into other elements of decreasing atomic number, until a gray matter is reached.
In his 1959 novel Life and Fate, Vasily Grossman's principal character, the physicist Viktor Shtrum, reflects on Prout's hypothesis about hydrog... | [] | [
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] | [
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"Discoverers of chemical elements",
"1810s in science",
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projected-00311180-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prout%27s%20hypothesis | Prout's hypothesis | See also | Prout's hypothesis was an early 19th-century attempt to explain the existence of the various chemical elements through a hypothesis regarding the internal structure of the atom. In 1815 and 1816, the English chemist William Prout published two papers in which he observed that the atomic weights that had been measured ... | Binding energy | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"History of chemistry",
"Discoverers of chemical elements",
"1810s in science",
"1815 in science",
"1816 in science"
] |
projected-00311180-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prout%27s%20hypothesis | Prout's hypothesis | References | Prout's hypothesis was an early 19th-century attempt to explain the existence of the various chemical elements through a hypothesis regarding the internal structure of the atom. In 1815 and 1816, the English chemist William Prout published two papers in which he observed that the atomic weights that had been measured ... | Footnotes
Citations | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"History of chemistry",
"Discoverers of chemical elements",
"1810s in science",
"1815 in science",
"1816 in science"
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projected-00311182-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berzelius%20%28secret%20society%29 | Berzelius (secret society) | Introduction | Berzelius is a secret society at Yale University named for the Swedish scientist Jöns Jakob Berzelius, considered one of the founding fathers of modern chemistry. Founded in 1848, 'BZ', as the society is called often, is the third oldest society at Yale and the oldest of those of the now-defunct Sheffield Scientific ... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Culture of Yale University",
"Secret societies at Yale",
"Student organizations established in 1848",
"1848 establishments in Connecticut"
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projected-00311182-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berzelius%20%28secret%20society%29 | Berzelius (secret society) | Architects of Berzelius Buildings | Berzelius is a secret society at Yale University named for the Swedish scientist Jöns Jakob Berzelius, considered one of the founding fathers of modern chemistry. Founded in 1848, 'BZ', as the society is called often, is the third oldest society at Yale and the oldest of those of the now-defunct Sheffield Scientific ... | Donn Barber. (1908 or 1910, current society building. Style likened to "blank cube" but with classical ornamentation.)
Henry Bacon and James Brite. (completed 1898, residential building, nonextant, brick Neo-Renaissance-style dormitory. Bacon was an American Beaux-Arts architect best remembered for his severe Gree... | [] | [
"Architects of Berzelius Buildings"
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"Culture of Yale University",
"Secret societies at Yale",
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"1848 establishments in Connecticut"
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projected-00311182-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berzelius%20%28secret%20society%29 | Berzelius (secret society) | Mission | Berzelius is a secret society at Yale University named for the Swedish scientist Jöns Jakob Berzelius, considered one of the founding fathers of modern chemistry. Founded in 1848, 'BZ', as the society is called often, is the third oldest society at Yale and the oldest of those of the now-defunct Sheffield Scientific ... | The society takes its intellectual mission very seriously, invoking Socrates' exhortation "The unexamined life is not worth living” as well as stating to its prospective members that: "Berzelius provides opportunities for achieving insights through an open, honest exchange of experiences, passions, and opinions. This p... | [] | [
"Mission"
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"Culture of Yale University",
"Secret societies at Yale",
"Student organizations established in 1848",
"1848 establishments in Connecticut"
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projected-00311182-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berzelius%20%28secret%20society%29 | Berzelius (secret society) | See also | Berzelius is a secret society at Yale University named for the Swedish scientist Jöns Jakob Berzelius, considered one of the founding fathers of modern chemistry. Founded in 1848, 'BZ', as the society is called often, is the third oldest society at Yale and the oldest of those of the now-defunct Sheffield Scientific ... | Collegiate secret societies in North America
Manuscript Society
Book and Snake
Aurelian Honor Society | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Culture of Yale University",
"Secret societies at Yale",
"Student organizations established in 1848",
"1848 establishments in Connecticut"
] |
projected-00311188-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Lucas%20%28philosopher%29 | John Lucas (philosopher) | Introduction | John Randolph Lucas (18 June 1929 – 5 April 2020) was a British philosopher. | [
"John_Lucas.png"
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"2020 deaths",
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"21st-century English philosophers",
"Fellows of the British Academy",
"Philosophers of mathematics",
"Philosophers of time",
"Alumni of Balliol College, Oxfo... | |
projected-00311188-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Lucas%20%28philosopher%29 | John Lucas (philosopher) | Biography | John Randolph Lucas (18 June 1929 – 5 April 2020) was a British philosopher. | Lucas was educated at Winchester College and then, as a pupil of R.M. Hare, among others, at Balliol College, Oxford. He studied first mathematics, then Greats (Greek, Latin, Philosophy and Ancient History), obtaining first class honours in both. He sat for Finals in 1951, and took his MA in 1954. He spent the 1957–58 ... | [] | [
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"Alumni of Balliol College, Oxfo... |
projected-00311188-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Lucas%20%28philosopher%29 | John Lucas (philosopher) | Free will | John Randolph Lucas (18 June 1929 – 5 April 2020) was a British philosopher. | Lucas (1961) began a lengthy and heated debate over the implications of Gödel's incompleteness theorems for the anthropic mechanism thesis, by arguing that:
Determinism ↔ For any human h there exists at least one (deterministic) logical system L(h) which reliably predicts h'''s actions in all circumstances.
For any l... | [] | [
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"21st-century English philosophers",
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"Philosophers of mathematics",
"Philosophers of time",
"Alumni of Balliol College, Oxfo... |
projected-00311192-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20Georgian | Air Georgian | Introduction | Air Georgian Limited was a privately owned charter airline based at Toronto Pearson International Airport in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. Between 2000 and 2020 its main business was its operation as Air Canada Express on a Tier III codeshare with Air Canada for scheduled services on domestic and trans-border routes. S... | [] | [
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"Air Canada",
"Air Transport Association of Canada",
"Companies based in Mississauga",
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"1994 establishments in Ontario",
"2020 disestablishments in Ontario"
] | |
projected-00311192-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20Georgian | Air Georgian | History | Air Georgian Limited was a privately owned charter airline based at Toronto Pearson International Airport in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. Between 2000 and 2020 its main business was its operation as Air Canada Express on a Tier III codeshare with Air Canada for scheduled services on domestic and trans-border routes. S... | Air Georgian began as an airport developer in 1985. It began commercial operations in 1994 and subsequently developed its commercial air carrier business, which as of 2011 represented 87 percent of its total business. In 1997 It became a code share partner of Canadian Airlines, operating under the banner of Ontario Reg... | [
"Air Georgian Raytheon 1900D.jpg",
"AirCanada-at-BDL.jpg"
] | [
"History"
] | [
"Defunct airlines of Canada",
"Airlines established in 1994",
"Airlines disestablished in 2020",
"Air Canada",
"Air Transport Association of Canada",
"Companies based in Mississauga",
"Regional airlines of Ontario",
"1994 establishments in Ontario",
"2020 disestablishments in Ontario"
] |
projected-00311192-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20Georgian | Air Georgian | Fleet | Air Georgian Limited was a privately owned charter airline based at Toronto Pearson International Airport in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. Between 2000 and 2020 its main business was its operation as Air Canada Express on a Tier III codeshare with Air Canada for scheduled services on domestic and trans-border routes. S... | At the time of bankruptcy, the Canadian Civil Aircraft Register showed 14 aircraft registered for Air Georgian Limited. As of August 2021, Transport Canada shows that Air Georgian had operated the following 89 aircraft:
Air Georgian ceased operations of Toronto-based Beechcraft 1900D aircraft on October 31, 2018, and ... | [] | [
"Fleet"
] | [
"Defunct airlines of Canada",
"Airlines established in 1994",
"Airlines disestablished in 2020",
"Air Canada",
"Air Transport Association of Canada",
"Companies based in Mississauga",
"Regional airlines of Ontario",
"1994 establishments in Ontario",
"2020 disestablishments in Ontario"
] |
projected-00311193-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Introduction | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] | |
projected-00311193-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | History | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | In the 1960s, swapping was an early virtual memory technique. An entire program or entire segment would be "swapped out" (or "rolled out") from RAM to disk or drum, and another one would be swapped in (or rolled in). A swapped-out program would be current but its execution would be suspended while its RAM was in use by... | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Page faults | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | When a process tries to reference a page not currently present in RAM, the processor treats this invalid memory reference as a page fault and transfers control from the program to the operating system. The operating system must:
Determine the location of the data on disk.
Obtain an empty page frame in RAM to use as a... | [] | [
"Page faults"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Page replacement techniques | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | Demand paging
When pure demand paging is used, pages are loaded only when they are referenced. A program from a memory mapped file begins execution with none of its pages in RAM. As the program commits page faults, the operating system copies the needed pages from a file, e.g., memory-mapped file, paging file, or a sw... | [] | [
"Page replacement techniques"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Thrashing | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | After completing initialization, most programs operate on a small number of code and data pages compared to the total memory the program requires. The pages most frequently accessed are called the working set.
When the working set is a small percentage of the system's total number of pages, virtual memory systems wor... | [] | [
"Thrashing"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Sharing | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | In multi-programming or in a multi-user environment, many users may execute the same program, written so that its code and data are in separate pages. To minimize RAM use, all users share a single copy of the program. Each process's page table is set up so that the pages that address code point to the single shared cop... | [] | [
"Sharing"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Ferranti Atlas | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | The first computer to support paging was the supercomputer Atlas, jointly developed by Ferranti, the University of Manchester and Plessey in 1963. The machine had an associative (content-addressable) memory with one entry for each 512 word page. The Supervisor handled non-equivalence interruptions and managed the trans... | [] | [
"Implementations",
"Ferranti Atlas"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Windows 3.x and Windows 9x | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | Paging has been a feature of Microsoft Windows since Windows 3.0 in 1990. Windows 3.x creates a hidden file named 386SPART.PAR or WIN386.SWP for use as a swap file. It is generally found in the root directory, but it may appear elsewhere (typically in the WINDOWS directory). Its size depends on how much swap space the... | [] | [
"Implementations",
"Microsoft Windows",
"Windows 3.x and Windows 9x"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Windows NT | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | The file used for paging in the Windows NT family is pagefile.sys. The default location of the page file is in the root directory of the partition where Windows is installed. Windows can be configured to use free space on any available drives for page files. It is required, however, for the boot partition (i.e., the d... | [] | [
"Implementations",
"Microsoft Windows",
"Windows NT"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Fragmentation | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | In the default configuration of Windows, the page file is allowed to expand beyond its initial allocation when necessary. If this happens gradually, it can become heavily fragmented which can potentially cause performance problems. The common advice given to avoid this is to set a single "locked" page file size so that... | [] | [
"Implementations",
"Microsoft Windows",
"Fragmentation"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Unix and Unix-like systems | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | Unix systems, and other Unix-like operating systems, use the term "swap" to describe the act of substituting disk space for RAM when physical RAM is full. In some of those systems, it is common to dedicate an entire partition of a hard disk to swapping. These partitions are called swap partitions. Many systems have an ... | [] | [
"Unix and Unix-like systems"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Linux | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | The Linux kernel supports a virtually unlimited number of swap backends (devices or files), and also supports assignment of backend priorities. When the kernel swaps pages out of physical memory, it uses the highest-priority backend with available free space. If multiple swap backends are assigned the same priority, th... | [] | [
"Unix and Unix-like systems",
"Linux"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Swap files and partitions | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | From the end-user perspective, swap files in versions 2.6.x and later of the Linux kernel are virtually as fast as swap partitions; the limitation is that swap files should be contiguously allocated on their underlying file systems. To increase performance of swap files, the kernel keeps a map of where they are placed... | [] | [
"Unix and Unix-like systems",
"Linux",
"Swap files and partitions"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Swappiness | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | Swappiness is a Linux kernel parameter that controls the relative weight given to swapping out of runtime memory, as opposed to dropping pages from the system page cache, whenever a memory allocation request cannot be met from free memory. Swappiness can be set to a value from 0 to 200. A low value causes the kernel to... | [] | [
"Unix and Unix-like systems",
"Linux",
"Swappiness"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Swap death | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | When the system memory is highly insufficient for the current tasks and a large portion of memory activity goes through a slow swap, the system can become practically unable to execute any task, even if the CPU is idle. When every process is waiting on the swap, the system is considered to be in swap death.
Swap death... | [] | [
"Unix and Unix-like systems",
"Linux",
"Swap death"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | macOS | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | macOS uses multiple swap files. The default (and Apple-recommended) installation places them on the root partition, though it is possible to place them instead on a separate partition or device. | [] | [
"macOS"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | AmigaOS 4 | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | AmigaOS 4.0 introduced a new system for allocating RAM and defragmenting physical memory. It still uses flat shared address space that cannot be defragmented. It is based on slab allocation method and paging memory that allows swapping. Paging was implemented in AmigaOS 4.1 but may lock up system if all physical memory... | [] | [
"AmigaOS 4"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Performance | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | The backing store for a virtual memory operating system is typically many orders of magnitude slower than RAM. Additionally, using mechanical storage devices introduces delay, several milliseconds for a hard disk. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce or eliminate swapping, where practical. Some operating systems offer ... | [] | [
"Performance"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Swap space size | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | In some older virtual memory operating systems, space in swap backing store is reserved when programs allocate memory for runtime data. Operating system vendors typically issue guidelines about how much swap space should be allocated. | [] | [
"Performance",
"Swap space size"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Addressing limits on 32-bit hardware | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | Paging is one way of allowing the size of the addresses used by a process, which is the process's "virtual address space" or "logical address space", to be different from the amount of main memory actually installed on a particular computer, which is the physical address space. | [] | [
"Addressing limits on 32-bit hardware"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Main memory smaller than virtual memory | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | In most systems, the size of a process's virtual address space is much larger than the available main memory. For example:
The address bus that connects the CPU to main memory may be limited. The i386SX CPU's 32-bit internal addresses can address 4 GB, but it has only 24 pins connected to the address bus, limiting ins... | [] | [
"Addressing limits on 32-bit hardware",
"Main memory smaller than virtual memory"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Main memory the same size as virtual memory | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | A computer with true n-bit addressing may have 2 addressable units of RAM installed. An example is a 32-bit x86 processor with 4 GB and without Physical Address Extension (PAE). In this case, the processor is able to address all the RAM installed and no more.
However, even in this case, paging can be used to create a ... | [] | [
"Addressing limits on 32-bit hardware",
"Main memory the same size as virtual memory"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | Main memory larger than virtual address space | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | A few computers have a main memory larger than the virtual address space of a process, such as the Magic-1, some PDP-11 machines, and some systems using 32-bit x86 processors with Physical Address Extension. This nullifies a significant advantage of paging, since a single process cannot use more main memory than the am... | [] | [
"Addressing limits on 32-bit hardware",
"Main memory larger than virtual address space"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311193-025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20paging | Memory paging | See also | In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memo... | Bélády's anomaly
Demand paging, a "lazy" paging scheme
Expanded memory
Memory management
Memory segmentation
Page (computer memory)
Page cache, a disk cache that utilizes virtual memory mechanism
Page replacement algorithm
Page table
Physical memory, a subject of paging
Virtual memory, an abstraction that pag... | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Memory management",
"Virtual memory"
] |
projected-00311198-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20L%27Amour | Louis L'Amour | Introduction | Louis Dearborn L'Amour (; né LaMoore; March 22, 1908 – June 10, 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels (though he called his work "frontier stories"); however, he also wrote historical fiction (The Walking Drum), science fiction (Haunted Mesa), non-fiction... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1908 births",
"1988 deaths",
"20th-century American novelists",
"American people of French descent",
"American people of Irish descent",
"20th-century American memoirists",
"United States Army personnel of World War II",
"American male novelists",
"American male poets",
"American nomads",
"Deat... | |
projected-00311198-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20L%27Amour | Louis L'Amour | Early life | Louis Dearborn L'Amour (; né LaMoore; March 22, 1908 – June 10, 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels (though he called his work "frontier stories"); however, he also wrote historical fiction (The Walking Drum), science fiction (Haunted Mesa), non-fiction... | Louis Dearborn LaMoore was born in Jamestown, North Dakota, on March 22, 1908, the seventh child of Emily Dearborn and veterinarian, local politician, and farm equipment broker Louis Charles LaMoore (who had changed the French spelling of the name L'Amour). His mother had Irish ancestry, while his father was of French-... | [
"Ronald Reagan presenting Congressional Gold medal to Louis L'Amour C17215-24.jpg"
] | [
"Life and career",
"Early life"
] | [
"1908 births",
"1988 deaths",
"20th-century American novelists",
"American people of French descent",
"American people of Irish descent",
"20th-century American memoirists",
"United States Army personnel of World War II",
"American male novelists",
"American male poets",
"American nomads",
"Deat... |
projected-00311198-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20L%27Amour | Louis L'Amour | Early works | Louis Dearborn L'Amour (; né LaMoore; March 22, 1908 – June 10, 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels (though he called his work "frontier stories"); however, he also wrote historical fiction (The Walking Drum), science fiction (Haunted Mesa), non-fiction... | He had success with poetry, articles on boxing and writing and editing sections of the WPA Guide Book to Oklahoma, but the dozens of short stories he was churning out met with little acceptance. Finally, L'Amour placed a story, Death Westbound, in "10 Story Book", a magazine that featured what was supposed to be qualit... | [] | [
"Life and career",
"Early works"
] | [
"1908 births",
"1988 deaths",
"20th-century American novelists",
"American people of French descent",
"American people of Irish descent",
"20th-century American memoirists",
"United States Army personnel of World War II",
"American male novelists",
"American male poets",
"American nomads",
"Deat... |
projected-00311198-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20L%27Amour | Louis L'Amour | World War II service and post-war | Louis Dearborn L'Amour (; né LaMoore; March 22, 1908 – June 10, 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels (though he called his work "frontier stories"); however, he also wrote historical fiction (The Walking Drum), science fiction (Haunted Mesa), non-fiction... | L'Amour continued as an itinerant worker, traveling the world as a merchant seaman until the start of World War II. During World War II, he served in the United States Army as a lieutenant with the 362nd Quartermaster Truck Company. In the two years before L'Amour was shipped off to Europe, L'Amour wrote stories for S... | [] | [
"Life and career",
"World War II service and post-war"
] | [
"1908 births",
"1988 deaths",
"20th-century American novelists",
"American people of French descent",
"American people of Irish descent",
"20th-century American memoirists",
"United States Army personnel of World War II",
"American male novelists",
"American male poets",
"American nomads",
"Deat... |
projected-00311198-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20L%27Amour | Louis L'Amour | Bantam Books | Louis Dearborn L'Amour (; né LaMoore; March 22, 1908 – June 10, 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels (though he called his work "frontier stories"); however, he also wrote historical fiction (The Walking Drum), science fiction (Haunted Mesa), non-fiction... | Many publishers in the 1950s and '60s refused to publish more than one or two books a year by the same author. Louis's editor at Gold Medal supported his writing up to three or four but the heads of the company vetoed that idea even though Louis was publishing books with other houses. Louis had sold over a dozen novels... | [] | [
"Life and career",
"Bantam Books"
] | [
"1908 births",
"1988 deaths",
"20th-century American novelists",
"American people of French descent",
"American people of Irish descent",
"20th-century American memoirists",
"United States Army personnel of World War II",
"American male novelists",
"American male poets",
"American nomads",
"Deat... |
projected-00311198-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20L%27Amour | Louis L'Amour | Audio book publishing | Louis Dearborn L'Amour (; né LaMoore; March 22, 1908 – June 10, 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels (though he called his work "frontier stories"); however, he also wrote historical fiction (The Walking Drum), science fiction (Haunted Mesa), non-fiction... | Many of the L'Amour titles have been produced in the "single voice" style. In the early days, however, when the fledgling Bantam Audio Publishing (now Random House Audio) came to L'Amour about converting some of his old short stories into audio, he insisted that they do something to offer the audience more value than j... | [] | [
"Audio book publishing"
] | [
"1908 births",
"1988 deaths",
"20th-century American novelists",
"American people of French descent",
"American people of Irish descent",
"20th-century American memoirists",
"United States Army personnel of World War II",
"American male novelists",
"American male poets",
"American nomads",
"Deat... |
projected-00311198-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20L%27Amour | Louis L'Amour | Shalako | Louis Dearborn L'Amour (; né LaMoore; March 22, 1908 – June 10, 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels (though he called his work "frontier stories"); however, he also wrote historical fiction (The Walking Drum), science fiction (Haunted Mesa), non-fiction... | During the 1960s, L'Amour intended to build a working town typical of those of the 19th century Western frontier, with buildings with false fronts situated in rows on either side of an unpaved main street and flanked by wide boardwalks before which, at various intervals, were watering troughs and hitching posts. The to... | [] | [
"Shalako"
] | [
"1908 births",
"1988 deaths",
"20th-century American novelists",
"American people of French descent",
"American people of Irish descent",
"20th-century American memoirists",
"United States Army personnel of World War II",
"American male novelists",
"American male poets",
"American nomads",
"Deat... |
projected-00311198-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20L%27Amour | Louis L'Amour | Literary assessment | Louis Dearborn L'Amour (; né LaMoore; March 22, 1908 – June 10, 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels (though he called his work "frontier stories"); however, he also wrote historical fiction (The Walking Drum), science fiction (Haunted Mesa), non-fiction... | When interviewed not long before his death, he was asked which among his books he liked best. His reply:
I like them all. There's bits and pieces of books that I think are good. I never rework a book. I'd rather use what I've learned on the next one, and make it a little bit better. The worst of it is that I'm no long... | [] | [
"Literary assessment"
] | [
"1908 births",
"1988 deaths",
"20th-century American novelists",
"American people of French descent",
"American people of Irish descent",
"20th-century American memoirists",
"United States Army personnel of World War II",
"American male novelists",
"American male poets",
"American nomads",
"Deat... |
projected-00311198-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20L%27Amour | Louis L'Amour | Awards | Louis Dearborn L'Amour (; né LaMoore; March 22, 1908 – June 10, 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels (though he called his work "frontier stories"); however, he also wrote historical fiction (The Walking Drum), science fiction (Haunted Mesa), non-fiction... | In May 1972 he was awarded an Honorary PhD by Jamestown College, as a testament to his literary and social contributions.
In 1979, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.
Bendigo Shafter (1979) won the U.S. National Book Award in the one-year category Western.
In 1982 he received t... | [] | [
"Awards"
] | [
"1908 births",
"1988 deaths",
"20th-century American novelists",
"American people of French descent",
"American people of Irish descent",
"20th-century American memoirists",
"United States Army personnel of World War II",
"American male novelists",
"American male poets",
"American nomads",
"Deat... |
projected-00311198-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20L%27Amour | Louis L'Amour | Death | Louis Dearborn L'Amour (; né LaMoore; March 22, 1908 – June 10, 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels (though he called his work "frontier stories"); however, he also wrote historical fiction (The Walking Drum), science fiction (Haunted Mesa), non-fiction... | L'Amour died from lung cancer at his home in Los Angeles on June 10, 1988, and was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California. His autobiography detailing his years as an itinerant worker in the west, Education of a Wandering Man, was published posthumously in 1989. He was survived by his wife... | [
"Louis Lamour grave at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Glendale, California (cropped).JPG"
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projected-00311198-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20L%27Amour | Louis L'Amour | Novels | Louis Dearborn L'Amour (; né LaMoore; March 22, 1908 – June 10, 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels (though he called his work "frontier stories"); however, he also wrote historical fiction (The Walking Drum), science fiction (Haunted Mesa), non-fiction... | (including series novels)
Westward the Tide (London, 1950; first US publication 1976)
The Riders of High Rock (1951)
The Rustlers of West Fork (1951)
The Trail to Seven Pines (1951)
Trouble Shooter (1952)
Hondo (1953)
Showdown at Yellow Butte (1953)
Crossfire Trail (1954)
Kilkenny (1954)
Utah Blaine... | [] | [
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projected-00311198-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20L%27Amour | Louis L'Amour | Collections of short stories | Louis Dearborn L'Amour (; né LaMoore; March 22, 1908 – June 10, 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels (though he called his work "frontier stories"); however, he also wrote historical fiction (The Walking Drum), science fiction (Haunted Mesa), non-fiction... | War Party (1975, featuring The Gift of Cochise and Trap of Gold)
The Strong Shall Live (1980)
Yondering (1980; revised edition 1989)
Buckskin Run (1981)
Bowdrie (1983)
The Hills of Homicide (1983)
Law of the Desert Born (1983)
Bowdrie's Law (1984)
Night Over the Solomons (1986)
The Rider of the Ruby Hills (198... | [] | [
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projected-00311198-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20L%27Amour | Louis L'Amour | Non-fiction | Louis Dearborn L'Amour (; né LaMoore; March 22, 1908 – June 10, 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels (though he called his work "frontier stories"); however, he also wrote historical fiction (The Walking Drum), science fiction (Haunted Mesa), non-fiction... | Education of a Wandering Man (1989)
Frontier
The Sackett Companion
A Trail of Memories: The Quotations of Louis L'Amour (compiled by Angelique L'Amour) | [] | [
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projected-00311198-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20L%27Amour | Louis L'Amour | Poetry | Louis Dearborn L'Amour (; né LaMoore; March 22, 1908 – June 10, 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels (though he called his work "frontier stories"); however, he also wrote historical fiction (The Walking Drum), science fiction (Haunted Mesa), non-fiction... | Smoke From This Altar (1939) | [] | [
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projected-00311198-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20L%27Amour | Louis L'Amour | Compilations with other authors | Louis Dearborn L'Amour (; né LaMoore; March 22, 1908 – June 10, 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels (though he called his work "frontier stories"); however, he also wrote historical fiction (The Walking Drum), science fiction (Haunted Mesa), non-fiction... | The Golden West
Stagecoach | [] | [
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projected-00311198-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20L%27Amour | Louis L'Amour | Recurring Characters | Louis Dearborn L'Amour (; né LaMoore; March 22, 1908 – June 10, 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels (though he called his work "frontier stories"); however, he also wrote historical fiction (The Walking Drum), science fiction (Haunted Mesa), non-fiction... | L'Amour often wrote series of novels and short stories featuring previously introduced characters, the most notable being the Sackett clan. | [] | [
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projected-00311198-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20L%27Amour | Louis L'Amour | Sackett series | Louis Dearborn L'Amour (; né LaMoore; March 22, 1908 – June 10, 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels (though he called his work "frontier stories"); however, he also wrote historical fiction (The Walking Drum), science fiction (Haunted Mesa), non-fiction... | In fictional story order (not the order written).
Sackett's Land – Barnabas Sackett
To the Far Blue Mountains – Barnabas Sackett
The Warrior's Path – Kin Ring Sackett
Jubal Sackett – Jubal Sackett, Itchakomi Ishai
Ride the River – Echo Sackett (Aunt to Orrin, Tyrel, and William Tell Sackett; also involves Chantrys... | [] | [
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projected-00311200-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Bruckheimer | Jerry Bruckheimer | Introduction | Jerome Leon Bruckheimer (born September 21, 1943) is an American film and television producer. He has been active in the genres of action, drama, fantasy, and science fiction.
His films include Flashdance, Top Gun, The Rock, Crimson Tide, Con Air, Armageddon, Enemy of the State, Black Hawk Down, Pearl Harbor, Kangaroo... | [] | [
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projected-00311200-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Bruckheimer | Jerry Bruckheimer | Early life | Jerome Leon Bruckheimer (born September 21, 1943) is an American film and television producer. He has been active in the genres of action, drama, fantasy, and science fiction.
His films include Flashdance, Top Gun, The Rock, Crimson Tide, Con Air, Armageddon, Enemy of the State, Black Hawk Down, Pearl Harbor, Kangaroo... | Bruckheimer was born in Detroit, the son of German Jewish immigrants. He graduated from Mumford High School in 1961 in Detroit, at age 17, before moving to Arizona for college. Bruckheimer was also an active member of the Stamp Collecting Club. He graduated with a degree in psychology from the University of Arizona. He... | [] | [
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projected-00311200-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Bruckheimer | Jerry Bruckheimer | 1970s & 1980s: From advertising to film production | Jerome Leon Bruckheimer (born September 21, 1943) is an American film and television producer. He has been active in the genres of action, drama, fantasy, and science fiction.
His films include Flashdance, Top Gun, The Rock, Crimson Tide, Con Air, Armageddon, Enemy of the State, Black Hawk Down, Pearl Harbor, Kangaroo... | Bruckheimer started producing films in the 1970s after leaving his job in advertising, with director Dick Richards. They worked together on the films The Culpepper Cattle Company, Farewell, My Lovely, and March or Die. Bruckheimer then worked with Paul Schrader on two films, American Gigolo and Cat People, which began ... | [] | [
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projected-00311200-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Bruckheimer | Jerry Bruckheimer | 1990s: Big-budget films | Jerome Leon Bruckheimer (born September 21, 1943) is an American film and television producer. He has been active in the genres of action, drama, fantasy, and science fiction.
His films include Flashdance, Top Gun, The Rock, Crimson Tide, Con Air, Armageddon, Enemy of the State, Black Hawk Down, Pearl Harbor, Kangaroo... | In 1990, Bruckheimer and Simpson struck a $500 million deal with Paramount to produce five movies, entirely of their choice. However, his 1990 production of the film Days of Thunder, which starred Tom Cruise, did not perform well, which was a step backwards in the Bruckheimer-Simpson success story. The duo made a come-... | [
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projected-00311200-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Bruckheimer | Jerry Bruckheimer | 2000s: Franchises, TV, video games | Jerome Leon Bruckheimer (born September 21, 1943) is an American film and television producer. He has been active in the genres of action, drama, fantasy, and science fiction.
His films include Flashdance, Top Gun, The Rock, Crimson Tide, Con Air, Armageddon, Enemy of the State, Black Hawk Down, Pearl Harbor, Kangaroo... | Since 1996, Bruckheimer has branched out into television, creating a number of police dramas of which CSI: Crime Scene Investigation has been the most successful. He also produced the reality game show The Amazing Race. In May 2008, CBS announced it had picked up Bruckheimer's newest series, Eleventh Hour, for the 2008... | [] | [
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projected-00311200-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Bruckheimer | Jerry Bruckheimer | 2010s: Independent producer, sports | Jerome Leon Bruckheimer (born September 21, 1943) is an American film and television producer. He has been active in the genres of action, drama, fantasy, and science fiction.
His films include Flashdance, Top Gun, The Rock, Crimson Tide, Con Air, Armageddon, Enemy of the State, Black Hawk Down, Pearl Harbor, Kangaroo... | In 2011, it was rumored that Jerry Bruckheimer Games was working on three titles, but nothing came to fruition. In March 2013, Jerry Bruckheimer Games was closed. Although Jerry Bruckheimer Games is closed, Bruckheimer still remained a ZeniMax Board Member, mostly due to being a close associate of former ZeniMax Presid... | [
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projected-00311200-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Bruckheimer | Jerry Bruckheimer | High-profit productions | Jerome Leon Bruckheimer (born September 21, 1943) is an American film and television producer. He has been active in the genres of action, drama, fantasy, and science fiction.
His films include Flashdance, Top Gun, The Rock, Crimson Tide, Con Air, Armageddon, Enemy of the State, Black Hawk Down, Pearl Harbor, Kangaroo... | The movie Top Gun was produced in collaboration with the Pentagon to rebrand the US Navy's image after the Vietnam War and attract new Navy recruits. Top Gun was the first full-blown collaboration between Hollywood and the Navy. The model, which was developed by Bruckheimer, launched a new trend of military movies in t... | [] | [
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projected-00311200-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Bruckheimer | Jerry Bruckheimer | Views on moviemaking | Jerome Leon Bruckheimer (born September 21, 1943) is an American film and television producer. He has been active in the genres of action, drama, fantasy, and science fiction.
His films include Flashdance, Top Gun, The Rock, Crimson Tide, Con Air, Armageddon, Enemy of the State, Black Hawk Down, Pearl Harbor, Kangaroo... | When asked on what the film industry's obligation to an audience was, he responded, "We are in the transportation business. We transport audiences from one place to another." When asked why he makes films, he stated, "If I made films for the critics, or for someone else, I'd probably be living in some small Hollywood s... | [] | [
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projected-00311200-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Bruckheimer | Jerry Bruckheimer | Personal life | Jerome Leon Bruckheimer (born September 21, 1943) is an American film and television producer. He has been active in the genres of action, drama, fantasy, and science fiction.
His films include Flashdance, Top Gun, The Rock, Crimson Tide, Con Air, Armageddon, Enemy of the State, Black Hawk Down, Pearl Harbor, Kangaroo... | Bruckheimer has been married twice. His first wife was Bonnie Fishman Bruckheimer. As of 2006, he resides in Los Angeles with his second wife, novelist Linda Cobb Bruckheimer. He has one stepdaughter, Alexandra. The couple owns a farm in Bloomfield, Kentucky, about southeast of Louisville, as well as another in Ojai, ... | [
"Jerry Bruckheimer 2014 WonderCon (cropped).jpg"
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projected-00311200-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Bruckheimer | Jerry Bruckheimer | Philanthropic activities | Jerome Leon Bruckheimer (born September 21, 1943) is an American film and television producer. He has been active in the genres of action, drama, fantasy, and science fiction.
His films include Flashdance, Top Gun, The Rock, Crimson Tide, Con Air, Armageddon, Enemy of the State, Black Hawk Down, Pearl Harbor, Kangaroo... | Bruckheimer's philanthropic activities have included publicly supporting the fight against multiple sclerosis via his work with The Nancy Davis Foundation for MS. Additionally, throughout his career, he has pledged to help various causes by establishing the Jerry Bruckheimer Foundation. According to The Smoking Gun, ho... | [] | [
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projected-00311200-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Bruckheimer | Jerry Bruckheimer | Political contributions | Jerome Leon Bruckheimer (born September 21, 1943) is an American film and television producer. He has been active in the genres of action, drama, fantasy, and science fiction.
His films include Flashdance, Top Gun, The Rock, Crimson Tide, Con Air, Armageddon, Enemy of the State, Black Hawk Down, Pearl Harbor, Kangaroo... | Bruckheimer has donated more than $50,000 to Republican campaigns and committees. He donated funds to John McCain's 2008 presidential election campaign. He gave $5,000 to a joint fundraising committee on John McCain's behalf. He donated $25,000 to the 2012 Mitt Romney Victory Fund. | [] | [
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"Prim... |
projected-00311200-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Bruckheimer | Jerry Bruckheimer | Filmography | Jerome Leon Bruckheimer (born September 21, 1943) is an American film and television producer. He has been active in the genres of action, drama, fantasy, and science fiction.
His films include Flashdance, Top Gun, The Rock, Crimson Tide, Con Air, Armageddon, Enemy of the State, Black Hawk Down, Pearl Harbor, Kangaroo... | All films were produced by him, unless otherwise noted. | [] | [
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projected-00311200-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Bruckheimer | Jerry Bruckheimer | Film | Jerome Leon Bruckheimer (born September 21, 1943) is an American film and television producer. He has been active in the genres of action, drama, fantasy, and science fiction.
His films include Flashdance, Top Gun, The Rock, Crimson Tide, Con Air, Armageddon, Enemy of the State, Black Hawk Down, Pearl Harbor, Kangaroo... | As producer, except where noted: | [] | [
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projected-00311200-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Bruckheimer | Jerry Bruckheimer | Television | Jerome Leon Bruckheimer (born September 21, 1943) is an American film and television producer. He has been active in the genres of action, drama, fantasy, and science fiction.
His films include Flashdance, Top Gun, The Rock, Crimson Tide, Con Air, Armageddon, Enemy of the State, Black Hawk Down, Pearl Harbor, Kangaroo... | Co-producer
Executive producer | [] | [
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projected-00311200-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Bruckheimer | Jerry Bruckheimer | Honors and awards | Jerome Leon Bruckheimer (born September 21, 1943) is an American film and television producer. He has been active in the genres of action, drama, fantasy, and science fiction.
His films include Flashdance, Top Gun, The Rock, Crimson Tide, Con Air, Armageddon, Enemy of the State, Black Hawk Down, Pearl Harbor, Kangaroo... | 1998: ShoWest Producer of the Year Award
2000: Producers Guild of America
2000: David O. Selznick Award for Lifetime Achievement
2003: " No. 1 most-powerful person in Hollywood" by Entertainment Weekly
2006: #10 on Premiere's "Power 50" list
2013: Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, placed right by El Capitan Thea... | [] | [
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projected-00311203-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSE2 | SSE2 | Introduction | SSE2 (Streaming SIMD Extensions 2) is one of the Intel SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) processor supplementary instruction sets first introduced by Intel with the initial version of the Pentium 4 in 2000. It extends the earlier SSE instruction set, and is intended to fully replace MMX. Intel extended SSE2 to... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"X86 instructions",
"SIMD computing"
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projected-00311203-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSE2 | SSE2 | Features | SSE2 (Streaming SIMD Extensions 2) is one of the Intel SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) processor supplementary instruction sets first introduced by Intel with the initial version of the Pentium 4 in 2000. It extends the earlier SSE instruction set, and is intended to fully replace MMX. Intel extended SSE2 to... | Most of the SSE2 instructions implement the integer vector operations also found in MMX. Instead of the MMX registers they use the XMM registers, which are wider and allow for significant performance improvements in specialized applications. Another advantage of replacing MMX with SSE2 is avoiding the mode switching pe... | [] | [
"Features"
] | [
"X86 instructions",
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projected-00311203-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSE2 | SSE2 | Differences between x87 FPU and SSE2 | SSE2 (Streaming SIMD Extensions 2) is one of the Intel SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) processor supplementary instruction sets first introduced by Intel with the initial version of the Pentium 4 in 2000. It extends the earlier SSE instruction set, and is intended to fully replace MMX. Intel extended SSE2 to... | FPU (x87) instructions provide higher precision by calculating intermediate results with 80 bits of precision, by default, to minimise roundoff error in numerically unstable algorithms (see IEEE 754 design rationale and references therein). However, the x87 FPU is a scalar unit only whereas SSE2 can process a small v... | [] | [
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"X86 instructions",
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projected-00311203-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSE2 | SSE2 | Differences between MMX and SSE2 | SSE2 (Streaming SIMD Extensions 2) is one of the Intel SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) processor supplementary instruction sets first introduced by Intel with the initial version of the Pentium 4 in 2000. It extends the earlier SSE instruction set, and is intended to fully replace MMX. Intel extended SSE2 to... | SSE2 extends MMX instructions to operate on XMM registers. Therefore, it is possible to convert all existing MMX code to an SSE2 equivalent. Since an SSE2 register is twice as long as an MMX register, loop counters and memory access may need to be changed to accommodate this. However, 8 byte loads and stores to XMM are... | [] | [
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projected-00311203-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSE2 | SSE2 | Compiler usage | SSE2 (Streaming SIMD Extensions 2) is one of the Intel SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) processor supplementary instruction sets first introduced by Intel with the initial version of the Pentium 4 in 2000. It extends the earlier SSE instruction set, and is intended to fully replace MMX. Intel extended SSE2 to... | When first introduced in 2000, SSE2 was not supported by software development tools. For example, to use SSE2 in a Microsoft Visual Studio project, the programmer had to either manually write inline-assembly or import object-code from an external source. Later the Visual C++ Processor Pack added SSE2 support to Visual ... | [] | [
"Compiler usage"
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projected-00311203-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSE2 | SSE2 | CPU support | SSE2 (Streaming SIMD Extensions 2) is one of the Intel SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) processor supplementary instruction sets first introduced by Intel with the initial version of the Pentium 4 in 2000. It extends the earlier SSE instruction set, and is intended to fully replace MMX. Intel extended SSE2 to... | SSE2 is an extension of the IA-32 architecture, based on the x86 instruction set. Therefore, only x86 processors can include SSE2. The AMD64 architecture supports the IA-32 as a compatibility mode and includes the SSE2 in its specification. It also doubles the number of XMM registers, allowing for better performance. S... | [] | [
"CPU support"
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"X86 instructions",
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projected-00311203-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSE2 | SSE2 | See also | SSE2 (Streaming SIMD Extensions 2) is one of the Intel SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) processor supplementary instruction sets first introduced by Intel with the initial version of the Pentium 4 in 2000. It extends the earlier SSE instruction set, and is intended to fully replace MMX. Intel extended SSE2 to... | SSE2 instructions | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"X86 instructions",
"SIMD computing"
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projected-00311203-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSE2 | SSE2 | References | SSE2 (Streaming SIMD Extensions 2) is one of the Intel SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) processor supplementary instruction sets first introduced by Intel with the initial version of the Pentium 4 in 2000. It extends the earlier SSE instruction set, and is intended to fully replace MMX. Intel extended SSE2 to... | Category:X86 instructions
Category:SIMD computing | [] | [
"References"
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"X86 instructions",
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projected-00311205-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May%2068 | May 68 | Introduction | Beginning in May 1968, a period of civil unrest occurred throughout France, lasting some seven weeks and punctuated by demonstrations, general strikes, as well as the occupation of universities and factories. At the height of events, which have since become known as May 68, the economy of France came to a halt. The pro... | [] | [
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"General strikes in France",
"History of anarchism",
"History of socialism",
... | |
projected-00311205-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May%2068 | May 68 | Political climate | Beginning in May 1968, a period of civil unrest occurred throughout France, lasting some seven weeks and punctuated by demonstrations, general strikes, as well as the occupation of universities and factories. At the height of events, which have since become known as May 68, the economy of France came to a halt. The pro... | In February 1968, the French Communists and French Socialists formed an electoral alliance. Communists had long supported Socialist candidates in elections, but in the "February Declaration" the two parties agreed to attempt to form a joint government to replace President Charles de Gaulle and his Gaullist Party. | [] | [
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"May 1968 events in France",
"20th-century revolutions",
"1968 in France",
"1968 labor disputes and strikes",
"1968 riots",
"Anarchism in France",
"Far-left politics",
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"Trotskyism in France",
"General strikes in France",
"History of anarchism",
"History of socialism",
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projected-00311205-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May%2068 | May 68 | University demonstration | Beginning in May 1968, a period of civil unrest occurred throughout France, lasting some seven weeks and punctuated by demonstrations, general strikes, as well as the occupation of universities and factories. At the height of events, which have since become known as May 68, the economy of France came to a halt. The pro... | On 22 March far-left groups, a small number of prominent poets and musicians, and 150 students occupied an administration building at Paris University at Nanterre and held a meeting in the university council room dealing with class discrimination in French society and the political bureaucracy that controlled the unive... | [] | [
"Background",
"University demonstration"
] | [
"May 1968 events in France",
"20th-century revolutions",
"1968 in France",
"1968 labor disputes and strikes",
"1968 riots",
"Anarchism in France",
"Far-left politics",
"Rebellions in France",
"Trotskyism in France",
"General strikes in France",
"History of anarchism",
"History of socialism",
... |