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Mental Health Special: Care of American Veterans, Depression, PTSD, SuicidePage 33 of 40 5. The Screening and Assessment Process Dallas’s Parkland Memorial Hospital became the first U.S. hospital to implement universal screenings to assess whether patients are at risk for suicide. Through preliminary screenings of 100,000 patients from its hospital and emergency department, and of more than 50,000 outpatient clinic patients, the hospital found that 1.8 percent of patients were at high suicide risk and up to 4.5 percent were at moderate risk. Joint Commission, 2016 A good clinical assessment can in itself be the start of a suicide prevention effort. However, determining who is at risk, using either screening tests or clinical judgment, is extremely difficult, primarily because suicide is a relatively rare event (CSAT, 2015). Screening and assessment tools typically have two goals: (1) to identify current suicidal ideation, and (2) to assess the potential for future suicidal behaviors (Harris et al., 2015). No matter which tool is used, screening for and assessing risk depends heavily on the skills and philosophical approach of the individual clinician; it requires a caring, non-judgmental approach. The way questions are asked and the words and phrasing used influence the patient’s response (McCabe et al., 2017). If the screen indicates increased risk or if harm appears imminent, complete a more thorough assessment or make an immediate referral, making sure your client transitions safely from your office or clinic to the point of actual service. The Joint Commission recommends that all patients be screened for suicidal ideation using a brief, standardized, evidence-based screening tool (JC, 2016). The overall goal is to identify people who have thoughts of self-harm but have not yet formulated a plan or acted on those thoughts. A screen can be as simple as waiting room questionnaire or a quick, two-question screening tool, which can help identify high-risk individuals. Research has shown that a brief screening tool can identify individuals at risk for suicide more reliably than leaving the identification up to a clinician’s personal judgment or by asking about suicidal thoughts using vague or softened language (JC, 2016). Screening is most effective when: • A simple screening tool is used. • Questions are practiced ahead of time. • Suicide warning signs, risk factors, and protective factors are understood. • Clinicians are aware of their own attitudes about suicide. • Services are coordinated with other practitioners and family members. • Referral appointments are kept. (CSAT, 2015) Importance of Secondary Suicide Risk Screening In a multicenter study of 1,376 emergency department patients with recent suicide attempts or ideation, an intervention consisting of secondary suicide risk screening by the ED physician, discharge resources, and post-ED telephone calls resulted in a small but meaningful reduction (5%) in the proportion of patients subsequently attempting suicide over the 12-month observation period and a 30% decrease in the overall number of suicide attempts. Source: Miller et al., 2017. If a client screens positive for suicide risk, the standard of care established by The Joint Commission requires a thorough suicide risk assessment. To determine the proper course of treatment for a client determined to be at risk for suicide, either conduct a more comprehensive assessment or refer your client for secondary screening and assessment (JC, 2016). Screening Tools A number of screening and assessment tools have been validated for use in healthcare settings. The Patient Health Questionnaire 2 and 9 (screens for depression) are increasingly being used for suicide screening. Although not intended to be a comprehensive list, other examples of screening and assessments tools include the Columbia Suicide Screen, the EDSAFE Patient Safety Screener, the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire, and the Beck Suicide Intention Scale. Patient Health Questionnaire 2 (PHQ2) The Patient Health Questionnaire 2 (PHQ2) is a validated screening tool used by many large hospital organizations to screen patients for suicide risk. This tool was originally designed to screen for depression. The PHQ2 asks a client to answer two questions and indicate—over the last 2 weeks—how often he or she has been bothered by either of the following problems: 1. Little interest or pleasure in doing things 2. Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless Answers are given as 0 to 3, using this scale: 0 = Not at all; 1 = several days; 2 = more than half the days; 3 = nearly every day. If a client responds “not at all” to both questions on the PHQ2, then no additional screening or intervention is required, unless otherwise clinically indicated. If a client responds yes to one or both questions on the PHQ2, then an additional assessment should be initiated. Your organization will need to identify the score that necessitates intervention in your particular setting. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) A more comprehensive version of the Patient Health Questionnaire—called the PHQ9—is used to screen or diagnose depression, measure the severity of symptoms, and measure a client’s response to treatment (NYSDOH, 2016). The PHQ9 is administered if a client answers yes to any of the PHQ2 questions. A study using the PHQ9 found that those who expressed thoughts of death or self-harm were 10 times more likely to attempt suicide than those who did not report those thoughts (Joint Commission, 2016). Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale Another commonly used, brief screening tool is the Columbia Suicide Screen. It is an 11-item measure, created by researchers at Columbia University and validated by the National Institute of Mental Health. It is used to evaluate mood, substance abuse, and suicidal ideation and attempts. This tool reportedly has lower rates of false positives (results that falsely suggest suicide risk) than other screening tools. • Whether and when they have thought about suicide (ideation) • Whether and when they attempted suicide or began a suicide attempt that was either interrupted by another person or stopped of their own volition (Columbia Lighthouse Project, 2016) Emergency Medicine Network’s EDSAFE Patient Safety Screener A brief screening tool—primarily used as part of an initial inpatient nursing assessment—is the Emergency Medicine Network’s EDSAFE Patient Safety Screener for emergency departments (JC, 2016). This tool can also be used in outpatient and other settings. It contains three questions: 1. Over the last 2 weeks, have you felt down, depressed, or hopeless? 2. Over the last 2 weeks, have you had thoughts of killing yourself? 3. In your lifetime, have you ever attempted to kill yourself? If so, when? If a client screens positive on the EDSAFE Patient Safety Screener, a secondary screen is recommended to help guide the decision to refer to a mental health specialist. The secondary screen asks: 1. Did the patient screen positive on the PSS items—active ideation with a past attempt? 2. Has the individual begun a suicide plan? 3. Has the individual recently had intent to act on his/her ideation? 4. Has the patient ever had a psychiatric hospitalization? 5. Does the patient have a pattern of excessive substance use? 6. Is the patient irritable, agitated, or aggressive? All individuals who screen positive on the Patient Safety Screener should: (1) have appropriate precautions in place to ensure safety during the visit, and (2) receive a written Safety Plan at discharge from the emergency department (EMN, 2017). Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire—Revised (SBQ-R) The Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire—Revised (SBQ-R), a screening tool used mostly in emergency departments, asks clients four questions: 1. Have you ever thought about or attempted to kill yourself? 2. How often have you thought about killing yourself in the past? 3. Have you ever told someone you were going to commit suicide, or that you might do it? 4. How likely is it that you will attempt suicide someday? Beck Suicide Intention Scale The Beck Suicide Intention Scale (SIS) examines subjective and objective aspects of the suicide attempt, the circumstances at the time of the attempt, and the patient’s thoughts and feelings during the attempt. It is based on a clinical interview using an instrument with 15 items referring to the patient’s precautions and beliefs of the act. Each item is scored on a scale from 0 to 2, with a possible total score of 30 indicating the highest intention of suicide and a wish to die (Grimholt et al., 2017). The SIS questionnaire covers precautions, planning, communication, and expectations regarding medication load, the degree of planning, and wish to die or live. It is divided into two sections: the first eight items constitute the “circumstances” section (part 1) and are concerned with the objective circumstances of the act of self-harm; the remaining seven items, the “self-report” section (part 2), are based on the patients’ own reconstruction of their feelings and thoughts at the time of the act (Grimholt et al., 2017). When Harm Is Imminent The potential for imminent self-harm exists when a person feels he is a burden, when there is no longer a sense of belonging, and when there is a history of self-injury. Imminent harm means a person is at immediate risk of self-harm or suicide. The risk of imminent harm is elevated during the days and weeks following hospitalization for a suicide attempt, especially for people diagnosed with major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. If a screen indicates that a patient is at immediate risk of self-harm be ready to talk, keep the person safe, and have referral information readily available. The overreaching goal is not to diagnose but to keep the patient safe until help arrives. It is important to ask if a patient has recently engaged in self-injurious behaviors—deliberate acts done with the knowledge that they can or will result in some degree of physical or psychological injury. This includes direct and intentional self-injury that causes tissue damage, injury to oneself, or injury to health. It also includes suicide attempts (Xin et al., 2016). The concern is that these behaviors can become chronic and evolve into other forms of self-harm, such as suicide attempts. Because non-suicidal, self-injurious behavior and suicidal behavior often occur together, it is important to consider the nature of the link between these two types of behavior (Grandclerc et al., 2016). Assessing a Patient’s Safety Safety is an important aspect of your initial screen. Safety means there is an absence of suicide risk, that patients are protected and have a sense of control over their lives (Berg et al., 2017). To assess safety, begin with an open-ended question: “Has something happened recently that has affected your well-being?” The response might be: “My mother just died—I’m very depressed. All my family is gone now.” If there is no response or the response is delayed, ask a more direct question: “Now that your mother has died, what else in your life brings you joy?” Follow with a question of concern: “I wonder—have you ever thought of hurting yourself?” Asking about suicidal behavior does not plant a seed. Develop a series of questions that help you determine the level of care needed for patient safety. Ask if patients has ever harmed theselves, as well as how many times and in what ways. Practice on a regular basis—otherwise, you’ll be tongue-tied when confronted with a potentially suicidal patient. To develop fluency, practice questions with co-workers, friends, or family members. If attempts have accelerated and become more sophisticated, this should increase your concerns about safety. The more times a person attempts suicide, the more likely he or she is to complete the event. Taking Lethality into Account Lethality is related to the severity of physical consequences as well as the amount of medical intervention needed following an attempt (Kar et al., 2014). It focuses on the method being considered and the circumstances surrounding the attempt. Clients who have a clear intention of taking their life, who feel unsafe, or who have chosen a lethal method require higher levels of protection than those with less inclination toward dying. There is often a mismatch between a patient’s intent and the lethality of the method chosen. Clients who genuinely want to die (and expect to die) may survive because the chosen method was not foolproof or because they were interrupted or rescued (CSAT, 2015). Levels of Risk The decision to refer a patient to a mental health professional or the ED depends on the patient’s presentation and level of risk. Patients with serious thoughts of suicide, a plan or intent to engage in self-directed violence, a recent suicide attempt, or those with prominent agitation, impulsivity, or psychosis, are at high acute risk. A patient in acute suicidal crisis must be kept in a safe healthcare environment under one-to-one observation. Immediate access to care should be provided through an emergency department, inpatient psychiatric unit, respite center, or crisis unit. These clients (and their visitors) should be checked for items that might be used to make a suicide attempt or to harm others. They should be kept away from anchor points for hanging and material that can be used for self-injury. Some specific lethal means that are easily available in general hospitals and that have been used in suicides include: bell cords, bandages, sheets, restraint belts, plastic bags, elastic tubing, and oxygen tubing (JC, 2016). Patients with suicidal ideation and a plan but with no intent or preparatory behavior are considered to be at intermediate acute risk and an evaluation by a behavioral health specialist is recommended. If closer evaluation warrants a higher level of care, the patient may be hospitalized. If a patient feels capable of maintaining safety using non-injurious coping methods and a safety plan, the patient may be managed in outpatient care. For patients who screen positive for suicidal ideation and deny or minimize suicide risk or decline treatment, try to obtain corroborating information by requesting the patient’s permission to contact friends, family, or outpatient treatment providers. If the client declines consent, HIPAA permits a clinician to make these contacts without the patient’s permission when the clinician believes the client may be a danger to self or others (JC, 2016). Low acute risk patients, those with recent suicidal ideation who have no specific plans or intent to engage in self-directed violence and have no history of active suicidal behavior, can be referred to a behavioral health specialist to determine the need for treatment and to address symptoms and safety issues. Patients that at some point in the past had reported thoughts about death or suicide, but currently don’t have any of these symptoms are generally not at an elevated risk for suicide. These individuals can be followed in routine care, continue to receive treatment for their disorder, and be re-evaluated periodically for thoughts and ideation. If a client is thought to be at lower risk of suicide, make personal and direct referrals and linkages to outpatient behavioral health and other providers for followup care within one week of initial assessment, rather than leaving it up to the patient to make the appointment (JC, 2016). Level of Risk and Appropriate Action in Primary Care High Acute Risk Indicators of suicide risk • Persistent suicidal ideation or thoughts • Strong intention to act or plan • Not able to control impulse or • Recent suicide attempt or preparatory behavior†† Contributing Factors† • Acute state of mental disorder or acute psychiatric symptoms • Acute precipitating event(s) • Inadequate protective factors Initial action based on level of risk • Maintain direct observational control of the patient • Limit access to lethal means • Immediate transfer with escort to Urgent/ED care setting for hospitalization Intermediate Acute Risk Indicators of suicide risk • Current suicidal ideation or thoughts • No intention to act • Able to control the impulse • No recent suicide attempt or preparatory behavior or rehearsal of act Contributing Factors† • Existence of warning signs or risk factors†† and • Limited protective factors Initial action based on level of risk • Refer to Behavioral Health provider for complete evaluation and interventions • Contact Behavioral Health provider to determine acuity of referral • Limit access to lethal means Low Acute Risk Indicators of suicide risk • Recent suicidal ideation or thoughts • No intention to act or plan • Able to control the impulse • No planning or rehearsing a suicide act • No previous attempt Contributing Factors† • Existence of protective factors and • Limited risk factors Initial action based on level of risk • Consider consultation with Behavioral Health to determine: • Need for referral • Treatment • Treat presenting problems • Address safety issues • Document care and rationale for action Existence of multiple risk factors or warning signs or lack of protective factors ††Evidence of suicidal behavior warning signs in the context of denial of ideation should call for concern (eg, contemplation of plan with denial of thoughts or ideation). In some instances, an immediate response is required. Examples of immediate actions include: arranging transportation to a hospital ED for evaluation, asking a mental health specialist to evaluate a client further, or contacting a spouse to have a gun removed from the home. Examples of non-immediate, but important, actions include making a referral for a client to an outpatient mental health facility for evaluation, scheduling the client to see a psychiatrist for possible medication management, and ordering past mental health records from another provider. Valeria Cuts Her Wrists (Again) Joanna is a physical therapist working in a small rural outpatient rehab clinic in northern California. She recently had a client referred for evaluation and treatment of low back pain. When her client, Valeria, walked in from the waiting room, Joanna noticed she was hunched over a little, had her head down, walked slowly, and had bandages on both wrists. Before beginning the physical examination, Joanna asked if Valeria ever thought about harming herself. Valeria’s direct and frank response startled Joanna. With her eyes downcast and in a timid voice, Valeria said that, yes, she had hurt herself in the past and had thought about suicide. She nervously related, “The first time I tried to hurt myself, I took a bottle of aspirin. The second time I was 17 and I slit my wrists but I screamed when I saw the blood.” Joanna asked her if anything had happened recently that had affected her well-being or mood. Valeria tearfully said, “Last week my boyfriend broke up with me and it really upset me. Two days ago I drank 2 bottles of whiskey and slit my wrists in the bathtub. When I saw the blood in the water I got scared and jumped out of the tub and drained the water. I taped my wrists but I didn’t tell anyone what had happened.” She asked Joanna why she was asking her about suicide when she was at the clinic for back pain. Test Your Knowledge What do you think stands out in Valeria’s description of her suicide attempts? 1. She is very calm and articulate. 2. She seems upset but not depressed. 3. Her suicide attempts have become more sophisticated. 4. She doesn’t seem to really want to harm herself. Answer: C Joanna noted that Valeria’s attempts have accelerated and become more sophisticated. This increased her concern about Valeria’s safety because the more times a person attempts suicide, the more likely they are to complete the event. It is the clinic’s policy to screen all clients for suicidal ideation and behaviors using the Patient Health Questionnaire 2 so Joanna asked Valeria: “Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems?” • Little interest or pleasure in doing things • Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless Valeria indicated she has these feelings every day (3) on both of the screening questions. What should Joanna do? Joanna’s outpatient physical therapy clinic has no mental health services but her clinic has a policy that anyone who marks a 2 or 3 on either PHQ2 screening question should receive a more thorough assessment and be referred to a mental health specialist. Joanna’s supervisor tells her to either use the PHQ9 for a more thorough assessment or refer her client to the local emergency department for assessment by a mental health professional. Because Joanna is not a mental health professional and has not been trained on the PHQ9, she decides to refer Valeria to the local emergency department. Valeria has no family living nearby and Joanna feels she is a danger to herself, so she decides to call the police to transport Valerie to the emergency department. She also provides Valeria with the phone number for a suicide hotline. Joanna follows up with a call the ED and learns that Valeria arrived safely at the hospital. Understanding Intent Screening for suicide can be very awkward and success depends upon your ability to ask difficult questions that help you understand a person’s intentions. Often people who intend to harm themselves are relieved to be able to share their feelings and get help. Intentions guide a behavior or lead to an outcome. Intent is a measure of how hard a person is willing to try or the likelihood a person will perform or try to perform a particular behavior. Intention is an important underlying driver of behavior (Williams, 2016). If a patient clearly intends to harm himself, refer him to someone who is licensed to decide about an involuntary hold. A person who agrees to be hospitalized must be placed in the least restrictive environment. However, depending on the level of risk, a patient can be held against his wishes. Determining whether a patient is safe (and whether they can be held against their will) is left to providers who are legally licensed to make that determination. Understanding Stigma There is a misconception—even among some healthcare providers—that people who harm themselves choose to suffer. This creates stigma regarding self-harm. General psychiatric admission for self-harming is of uncertain therapeutic value and suicidal individuals and may even be harmful for patients with borderline personality disorder, especially if admissions are lengthy and unstructured. Although often lacking, specialized services are essential—particularly in situations of unique vulnerability, such as suicidal crisis. When the risks of suicide and severe self-harm are acute, it is essential that services are offered in a compassionate manner that honors the human dignity of the person who is suffering (Liljedahl et al., 2017). About Self-Harm—A Nurse Practitioner’s Perspective Nonsuicidal self-injury often involves people with borderline personality disorders; self-harm is an antidote to psychological numbing. This doesn’t let providers off the hook in terms of assessing safety and lethality but this sort of situation requires a different kind of assessment. A clinician must decide what direction the self-harm is heading—from superficial and visible self-harm to deeper and less visible self-injury. People with certain types of mental illness are more likely to be associated with escalating self-harm, with an ever-greater likelihood of a completed suicide. Unintentional vs. Intentional Overdose [Material from this section is from DVA/DOD, 2013.] Intentional overdose is a common method of attempted suicide and the possibility that an overdose was intentional should always be considered. When a patient is forthcoming, differentiating between unintentional and intentional overdose is generally straightforward. However, even if it was, some patients insist an overdose was not intentional; also, determining a person’s intention is especially challenging in patients with a history of substance abuse. There is limited data on the differentiation between unintentional overdose and suicidal behavior in substance abusers. Available data indicate that risk factors for suicide attempt (compared to unintentional overdose) include female gender, comorbid depression, interpersonal distress or disruption, and use of substances other than one’s drug of choice. Prior suicide attempts also increase the likelihood that a recent overdose event was intentional. A recent loss of tolerance can be a risk factor for unintentional overdose, for example due to incarceration or detoxification. Individuals using recreational drugs with high potential for miscalculation (eg, intoxicants sold in head shops as “bath salts”) are more likely to experience unintentional overdose. There are instances when intentionality is unclear or ambiguous even among substance abusers who are forthcoming. This can occur when an individual was experiencing suicidal ideation when she overdosed but appeared not to have intended to attempt suicide, or when a distressed person knowingly pushed the limits of dosage and stated “I don’t care if I live or die” but seemed to have no clear agenda for suicide. Obtaining information from family members, treatment providers, and medical records can be invaluable in making the determination between intentional and unintentional overdose. Intoxicated or psychotic patients who are unknown to the clinician and who are suspected to be at acute risk for suicide should be transported securely to the nearest crisis center or ED for evaluation and management. These patients can be dangerous and impulsive; assistance in transfer from law enforcement may be needed.
Computer Science Department College of Arts and Sciences Introduction to Computers CS-101(B1) / Fall 1997 This problem involves using a word processing application (e.g. Microsoft Word) on a personal computer. To do it, you will have to use your own Mac or PC, or to use one of the Macintosh computers in the CS Lab. You are welcome to use a different Windows/PC or Mac application similar to Microsoft Word to complete this problem. However, the course staff is not obliged to help you with these other applications if need be. The material necessary to master the word processing application you will use for this problem is described in the Optional Textbook listed in the syllabus. A copy of this text is on reserve in the Science and Engineering Library. Using msWord prepare your own Resumé and a cover letter to go along with it. A resumé is a 1-page document that describes an individual's education, work experience, extra-curricular activities, honors and awards, ... etc. A cover letter accompanies the resumé and is intended to give a wordy explanation of your interest in a job, in a scholarship, ... etc.. The visual impact of a Resumé is very important. Make sure to use appropriate fonts and styles so your resumé would stand out. Notice that it is a challenging task to do this and at the same time pack your resumé with all the information you may want to reveal (say) to a potential employer! Note: Except for your name, you can include any information in your resumé or cover letter, even if inaccurate or incorrect. Of course, your resume and cover letter should be different from the ones in the textbook. The technical quality of the work as well as the way you present it is very important. Pay attention to details. This will pay off with better grades. All solutions should be handed in with a cover sheet that specifies your full name, and your login name. Give short answers for the following questions on materials covered in the lectures. Note: The answers to some of the questions below were exclusively covered in the class (i.e. not in the textbook). You are to design a program that will assign letter grades to students based on their numeric grades. To do so, you start with the following algorithm: First, the program should ask the operator (the person running the program) to input the number of students in the class. Next, for each one of these students (in order), the program will ask the operator to enter the student's grade. If the grade is above 85, then the student gets an ``A'', if the grade is between 76 and 85 the student gets a ``B'', if the grade is between 66 and 75 the student gets a ``C'', if the grade is between 50 and 65 the student gets a ``D'', otherwise the student gets an ``F''. The program should print out the letter grade for the student and then proceed to the next student and the process repeats. Draw a flowchart for the algorithm described above. You are given the following list of 8 numbers and asked to sort it in a descending order. 19, 15, 17, 4, 8, 23, 9, 7 Step through the various steps involved in sorting that list: Created on: 1997.08.01 Updated on: 1997.10.08 Maintainer: Azer Bestavros
What is surgical orthodontics? Orthodontics and corrective jaw surgery also called orthognathic surgery, is a surgical procedure to correct abnormalities of the jaws and teeth. These abnormalities are commonly recognized as misalignments of the jaw. Misalignments of the jaw can cause a bad bite (malocclusion) and can also cause problems with the joint in the jaw called the TMJ (temporomandibular), which connects your jaw to your skull. The three main types of jaw misalignment are overbite, underbite and open bite. The latter can lead to oral health conditions such as tooth wear, tooth breakage and TMJ disorders. It could also cause speech problems. Jaw misalignments or bite problems can cause discomfort or even pain, and that pain can disguise as problems that you would not normally associate with your teeth, such as headaches. Some bite problems can cause significant damage to your teeth without creating any obvious discomfort. Mandibular setback surgery corrects a protruding lower jaw. It separates the tooth-bearing portion of the lower jaw from its base and moves it backward for proper alignment. While a receding lower jaw or weak chin typically requires mandibular advancement surgery, which repositions the tooth-bearing portion of the lower jaw forward. When is surgical orthodontics a good idea? Surgical orthodontics is advised if the jaw misalignments are physically visible and are causing significant problems such as difficulties in chewing, swallowing, and speaking. As misalignments can also disrupt the airways, the person’s breathing can also be affected. If you are experiencing these issues and have a misalignment of the jaw, Wood Orthodontics in Weatherford, Texas, will be able to help. In combination with the surgical procedure, orthodontic treatments are usually also provided. The surgical orthodontics recovery process usually takes between 6 to 12 weeks, and any braces or orthodontic treatment will predate and continue the treatment timeline, as with any orthodontic journey. What are the benefits? After the surgical orthodontics recovery process is complete, difficulties relating to the primary functions of eating, talking and breathing should not affect you. Any aches or pains caused by TMJ related problems will be gone, and the jaw will feel more comfortable and free to move without the previous limitation. So you can eat, drink and laugh with your friends at your favourite Weatherford restaurant to your heart’s content. What’s more, in many cases, the surgery will improve the appearance of patients dramatically. The procedure will align the jaw in a more aesthetically pleasing way because it typically restores the soft tissues of the face, the lips, and teeth to a more suitable position. Even small changes may also occur in the surrounding areas of the face, including the cheeks, nose, chin, and neck. So you can feel more self-confident going about your life in Weatherford. Put simply, the benefits are: • No jaw pains or toothaches. • No TMJ related problems. • Malocclusion (bad bite) fixed. • A more aesthetically pleasing profile. • Look and feel great!
EU Regulator Finds Possible Link Between AstraZeneca Vaccine and Rare Blood Clots The European Medicines Agency (EMA) said on Wednesday it had found a possible link between AstraZeneca's coronavirus vaccine and reports of very rare cases of blood clots in people who had received the shot. Safety concerns have prompted more than a dozen countries in recent weeks to suspend use of the vaccine, which has been given to tens of millions of people in Europe, after reports linking it to a brain blood clotting disorder in a few dozen recipients. EU health ministers have been told that the EMA's decision on the safety of the vaccine will have immediate implications for vaccination plans and to require a coordinated response, a letter seen by Reuters showed. AstraZeneca YouTube Grab The letter was sent by the Portuguese presidency of the EU on Tuesday to invite health ministers for an extraordinary virtual meeting on Wednesday, to be held immediately after the decision by the EU drugs regulator. The EMA announcement is a fresh setback for the vaccine, which is sold at cost, for a few dollars a dose, and is by far the cheapest and most high-volume launched so far. After extensive use in Britain and mainland Europe, it is set to be the mainstay of vaccination programmes in much of the developing world. Experts say that, even if a causal link between the vaccine and blood clots is proved, the risks to the general population of getting a serious clot are vanishingly small compared to the risks from possible COVID-19 infection, which can also cause similar clots, or from many other widely used drugs such as the birth control pill. Benefits Outweigh Risks Both the EMA and the World Health Organization have said the benefits outweigh the risks of the vaccine. "The risk of mortality from COVID is much greater than the risk of mortality from these rare side effects," EMA's executive director Emer Cooke said on Wednesday. COVID-19 vaccine AstraZeneca has said previously its studies have found no higher risk of blood clots in those vaccinated than in the general population. But the shot has faced questions since late last year, when the drugmaker and Oxford University published data from an earlier trial with two different efficacy readings as a result of a dosing error. Results of US Late-Stage Clinical Trial Last month, AstraZeneca published early results of its U.S. late-stage clinical trial showing the shot was 79% effective, but had to scramble to release more data after a rare rebuke from U.S. health officials, who said the data was outdated. Scientists are exploring several possibilities that might explain the rare brain blood clots. One theory suggests the vaccine triggers an unusual antibody in some rare cases; other investigators are looking into a possible link with birth control pills. But many experts say there is no definitive evidence, and that it is not clear whether or why AstraZeneca's vaccine would cause a problem not shared by other vaccines that target a similar part of the coronavirus. While many countries have resumed using the shot, some have imposed age restrictions, with younger women perceived to be more vulnerable.
When was the Mediterranean a dry basin? We know the Mediterranean today as a huge sea off the coast of Europe. However, the Mediterranean was not always like that. Approximately 5 million years ago, the Mediterranean was a dry basin. Movements in the Earth’s crust opened up the Gibraltar Straits between the continental areas which are now Africa and Europe. The Atlantic Ocean would have poured through this new opening into the dry basin. The result would have been an enormous waterfall, nearly 800 metres high. So much water poured in from the Atlantic that the Mediterranean Sea was created in only a few years. Fact File: Of course, through time the shape of the continents will continue to change, and new seas will form; some could even join together. Picture Credit : Google When was the earth formed? No one knows for certain when the Earth was formed exactly. However, scientists have reasoned that it probably formed about 6,000 million years ago. The most scientific reasoning for the creation of Earth is that it began as a huge ball of hot gases which cooled to form the planet. Seas of dissolved chemicals would have covered the land, and the air would have been an atmosphere of different gases. The atmosphere was thought to have consisted of swirling gaseous clouds which most likely caused huge electrical storms. The poisonous gases in the atmosphere must have reacted to produce oxygen, which triggered off the first beginnings of life on Earth. File Fact: As Earth cooled down, it gave off clouds of steam and gas. The moisture in these clouds eventually turned to rain, which formed the first seas. Picture Credit : Google When does the snow line move? Snow lines are clearly visible on mountains. They mark out the area above which a mountain is permanently covered in snow. The highest points of a mountain are much colder than the lower points. The snow which falls on the higher regions never thaws because it is so cold. In the summer, however, the warmer weather begins to melt some of the snow. This causes the snow line to move up the mountain. As the summer months pass by and the winter months return, the snow line moves further down the mountain once again. In colder regions, the snow line is close to ground level, but where the air is warmer, the snow line is closer to the Equator. Fact File: Mountains such as the Rockies in South America, do not see a dramatic movement in the snow line. This is because they are so high up. The climate is very cold in winter and the summers are short-lived. Picture Credit : Google When does water turn into snow? Water turns into snow at temperature above -40 . Snow forms when water in clouds freezes into tiny ice crystals. This moist air freezes around minute dust particles or chemical substances floating in the clouds. These particles become the core, or the nucleus, of each crystal. Snow crystals grow in size when more water crystallizes around a particular nucleus. This happens more if the air is humid. Snowflakes are formed when a number of crystals join together in clusters. The structure of snowflakes is often a beautiful, hexagonal form. It is believed that no two snowflakes can be identical. These fall from the clouds onto land as snow. Fact File: Eskimos live in houses made completely of snow called igloos. The Eskimos cut away blocks of snow and build the igloo as though they are bricks. Because where they are built is so cold, the igloos do not melt. Picture Credit : Google When is climax vegetation achieved? When vegetation first starts growing in newly formed soil, it is disadvantage because the soil will not be nutrient-rich. As the plants die, they enrich the soil, allowing more plants to take advantage of this. As the soil gets older, it has gleaned more and more nutrients from dead plants – and more and more plants are able to grow successfully in the soil. Climax vegetation occurs when the vegetation is totally suited to soil. In reality, this can never last permanently due to the ever-changing environment. Fact File: Rainforests have developed in areas where the soil is very fertile and where there is a great deal of rainfall. The varied vegetation suggests the soil is extremely nutrient-rich. Picture Credit : Google
Complex and Hidden Brain in Gut Makes Stomachaches and Butterflies Complex and Hidden Brain in Gut Makes Stomachaches... Complex and Hidden Brain in Gut Makes Stomachaches and Butterflies Sandra Blakeslee The reason for these common experiences, scientists say, is that the body has two brains — the familiar one encased in the skull and a lesser known but vitally important one found in the human gut. Like Siamese twins, the two brains are interconnected; when one gets upset, the other does, too. The plexuses also contain glial cells that nourish neurons, mast cells involved in immune responses, and a "blood brain barrier" that keeps harmful substances away from important neurons, Dr. Gershon said. They have sensors for sugar, protein, acidity and other chemical factors that might monitor the progress of digestion, determining how the gut mixes and propels its contents. "It's not a simple pathway," he said. "It uses complex integrated circuits not unlike those found in the brain." The gut's brain and the head's brain act the same way when they are deprived of input from the outside world, Dr. Wingate said. During sleep, the head's brain produces 90-minute cycles of slow wave sleep punctuated by periods of rapid eye movement sleep in which dreams occur. During the night, when it has no food, the gut's brain produces 90-minute cycles of slow wave muscle contractions punctuated by short bursts of rapid muscle movements, Dr. Wingate said. The two brains may influence each other while in this state, Dr. Wingate said. Patients with bowel problems have been shown to have abnormal rem sleep. This finding is not inconsistent with the folk wisdom that indigestion can produce nightmare. As light is shed on the circuitry between the two brains, researchers are beginning to understand why people act and feel the way they do. When the central brain encounters a frightening situation, it releases stress hormones that prepare the body to fight or flee, Dr. Gershon said. The stomach contains many sensory nerves that are stimulated by this chemical surge — hence the "butterflies." On the battlefield, the higher brain tells the gut brain to shut down, Dr. Gershon said. "A frightened, running animal does not stop to defecate," he said. Fear also causes the vagus nerve to "turn up the volume" on serotonin circuits in the gut, Dr. Gershon said. Thus overstimulated, the gut goes into higher gear and diarrhea results. Similarly, people sometimes "choke" with emotion. When nerves in the esophagus are highly stimulated, people have trouble swallowing. Even the so-called "Maalox moment" of advertising fame can be explained by the two brains interacting, said Dr. Jackie D. Wood, chairman of the department of physiology at Ohio State University in Columbus. Stress signals from the head's brain can alter nerve function between the stomach and esophagus, resulting in heartburn. In cases of extreme stress, Dr. Wood said, the higher brain seems to protect the gut by sending signals to immunological mast cells in the plexus. The mast cells secrete histamine, prostaglandin and other agents that help produce inflammation, he said. "This is protective. If an animal is in danger and subject to trauma, dirty stuff in the intestines is only a few cells away from the rest of the body. By inflaming the gut, the brain is priming the gut for surveillance. If the barrier breaks, the gut is ready to do repairs," Dr. Wood said. Unfortunately, the chemicals that get released also cause diarrhea and cramping. Such cross talk also explains many drug interactions, Dr. Gershon said. "When you make a drug to have psychic effects on the brain, it's very likely to have an effect on the gut that you didn't think about," he said. Conversely, drugs developed for the brain could have uses in the gut. For example, the gut is loaded with the neurotransmitter serotonin. When pressure receptors in the gut's lining are stimulated, serotonin is released and starts the reflexive motion of peristalsis, Dr. Gershon said. Now a quarter of people taking Prozac or similar antidepressants have gastrointestinal problems like nausea, diarrhea and constipation, he said. These drugs act on serotonin, preventing its uptake by target cells so that it remains more abundant in the central nervous system. In a study to be published soon, Dr. Gershon and his colleagues explain Prozac's side effects on the gut. They mounted a section of guinea pig colon on a stand and put a small pellet in the "mouth" end. The isolated colon whips the pellet down to the "anal" end of the column, just as it would inside an animal, Dr. Gershon said. When the researchers put a small amount of Prozac into the colon, the pellet "went into high gear," Dr. Gerhson said. The drug doubled the speed at which the pellet passed through the colon, which would explain why some people get diarrhea. Prozac has been used in small doses to treat chronic constipation, he said. But when researchers increased the amount of Prozac in the guinea pig colon, the pellet stopped moving. The colon froze up, Dr. Gershon said, which is why some people get constipated on the drug. And because Prozac stimulated sensory nerves, he said, it can also cause nausea. Some antibiotics like erythromycin act on gut receptors to produce oscillations, Dr. Gershon said. People experience cramps and nausea. Drugs like morphine and heroin attach to the gut's opiate receptors, producing constipation. Indeed, both brains can be addicted to opiates. Victims of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases suffer from constipation. The nerves in their gut are as sick as the nerve cells in their brains. Just as the central brain affects the gut, the gut's brain can talk back to the head, Dr. Gershon said. Most of the gut sensations that enter conscious awareness are negative things like pain and bloatedness, Dr. Wingate said. People do not expect to feel anything good from the gut but that does not mean such signals are absent, he said. Hence, the intriguing question: why does the human gut produce benzodiazepine? The human brain contains receptors for benzodiazepine, a drug that relieves anxiety, suggesting that the body produces its own internal source of the drug, said Dr. Anthony Basile, a neurochemist in the Neuroscience Laboratory at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md. Several years ago, he said, an Italian scientist made a startling discovery. Patients with liver failure fall into a deep coma. The coma can be reversed, in minutes, by giving the patient a drug that blocks benzodiazepine. When the liver fails, substances usually broken down by the liver get to the brain, Dr. Basile said. Some are bad, like ammonia and mercaptans, which are "smelly compounds that skunks spray on you," he said. But a series of compounds are also identical to benzodiazepine. "We don't know if they come from gut itself, from bacteria in the gut or from food," Dr. Basile said. But when the liver fails, the gut's benzodiazepine goes straight to the brain, knocking the patient unconscious. The payoff for exploring gut and head brain interactions is enormous, Dr. Wood said. For example, many people are allergic to certain foods, like shellfish. This is because mast cells in the gut mysteriously become sensitized to antigens in the food. The next time the antigen shows up in the gut, Dr. Wood said, the mast cells call up a program, releasing chemical modulators that try to eliminate the threat. The allergic person gets diarrhea and cramps, he said. Many autoimmune diseases like Krohn's disease and ulcerative colitis may involve the gut's brain, Dr. Wood said. The consequences can be horrible, as in Chagas disease, which is caused by a parasite found in South America. Those infected develop an autoimmune response to neurons in their gut, Dr. Wood said. Their immune systems slowly destroy their own gut neurons. When enough neurons die, the intestines literally explode. A big question remains. Can the gut's brain learn? Does it "think" for itself? Dr. Gershon tells a story about an old Army sergeant, a male nurse in charge of a group of paraplegics. With their lower spinal cords destroyed, the patients would get impacted. "The sergeant was anal compulsive," Dr. Gershon said. "At 10 A.M. everyday, the patients got enemas. Then the sergeant was rotated off the ward. His replacement decided to give enemas only after compactions occurred. But at 10 the next morning, everyone on the ward had a bowel movement at the same time, without enemas," Dr. Gershon said. Had the sergeant trained those colons? The human gut has long been seen as a repository of good and bad feelings. Perhaps emotional states from the head's brain are mirrored in the gut's brain, where they are felt by those who pay attention to them. Join Our Wellness Newsletter!
By Research Desk about 3 years ago Dividend is the portion paid by the company from its profits or accumulated reserves to the shareholders of the company as part of return on the investments. It can be in the form of cash, stock or some other form, although the most common form of paying dividend remains cash. It is not mandatory for companies to declare and pay dividend. Since dividend is paid to shareholders, they can be equity shareholders or preference shareholders. However, if there are preference shares, they have precedence over equity shares, with respect to dividend i.e. first dividend have to be paid to preference shareholders and only then dividend can be paid to equity shareholders from whatever remains. Dividend can be interim or final: • Interim dividend is dividend paid in the middle of the financial year. It is approved by the Board of Directors and then paid to the shareholders. • Final dividend is paid at the end of the financial year (once annual accounts are approved), declared by the Board of Directors and is only distributed after shareholder’s approval. Thus, final dividend requires shareholder approval, whereas interim dividend does not. A company which has excess cash reserves which is not planned to be utilised for expansion or growth is usually repaid to the shareholder’s in the form of dividend. This helps to reward the shareholders for their investment and helps the money to flow in the economy instead of funds lying idle with the company. However, in some cases, a growth company even after having huge cash reserves may plan not to pay dividends due to certain capex strategies and planned development in the company (like M&A opportunities) which will require cash to be used in future. When companies announce dividend, they also announces a record date. Since equity shares are traded on a daily basis on the stock exchanges, they change hands every-day. Hence, who is eligible to receive the dividend? All shareholders registered with the company on the record date become eligible to receive the dividend. Shares usually require two days for settlement, and thus two trading days before the date fixed for dividend is referred to as the ex-dividend date. One day prior to ex-date is the cum-date, which is the eligibility date to receive dividend. An example of the dividend-related dates is as under: Announcement Date Ex-Dividend Date Record Date Payment Date Ultratech Cement Cochin Shipyard There are various companies which are referred to as high dividend paying companies and these companies have been following the trend since long. For example: Hero Motocorp, TCS, HPCL, BPCL, etc. Any major change in their dividend distribution trend is visibly noted by analysts and can affect the stock prices. Thus, dividend plays an important role in determining the stock price and brand recognition of a company and its stock. Also, public sector undertakings (PSUs) have high dividend yields as government handsomely rewards itself with dividends on its investments in these firms. Popular Comments No comment posted for this article.
Cancer cases among older people to surge 80% by 2035 The elderly are more likely to be diagnosed as an emergency The number of older people diagnosed with cancer every year could rise by up to 80% to nearly a quarter of a million by 2035, the charity Cancer Research UK has warned. Every year around 130,000 people aged 75 and over in the UK develop cancer, but by 2035 this is projected to rise to around 234,000, largely because of the ageing population. Despite cancer survival doubling over the last 40 years, it is still lower among older people who are more likely to be diagnosed in an emergency and less likely to receive curative treatment. Cancer Research UK has urged the health service to make sure it is prepared for rising numbers of older patients with more complex needs. Rose Gray, Cancer Research UK’s policy manager, warned that if nothing is done the disparity in care between older and younger cancer patients will grow. “It’s vital to address this if we want to realise our ambition of ensuring world-class treatment for everyone in the UK who is affected by cancer,” she added. Martin Ledwick, Cancer Research UK’s head information nurse, said when elderly people have a lot of health problems and are taking a range of different medications it can affect what treatment they are able to receive. For example, some older people with cancer might not be fit enough to have surgery and go through lengthy periods of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
BVD testing of calves BVD (Bovine Diarrhoea Disease) has been talked about now for many years, but we are still finding infected herds are common, both for dairy and even more so for beef. The consequences that follow infection are varied. In young cattle less than 12 months, BVD suppresses their immune system and makes them more susceptible to other health problems like scouring, poor growth, coughing, ulcers in the mouth, and lameness. This means it takes longer to get to appropriate liveweights, and the cost of treatment starts to increase. When infection enters a milking herd a significant drop in milk production can occur over a three-week period. If the timing of this infection is around mating, both beef and dairy cows will have higher empty rates and later calving cows than expected. Infected bulls will have a lower fertility. Diagnosing BVD in calves For dairy herds, picking up calves that are persistently infected is key to eliminating infection cost effectively. Calves become persistently infected when cows are infected during their pregnancy. Increasingly in dairy herds, the testing of calves for persistent infection is a routine procedure. Both the ELISA and PCR tests can be used in young calves to detect the virus. These are both highly accurate and will detect almost 100% of persistently infected animals with a single test. Our preference in calves is to use the PCR test on ear notch or blood samples. In beef systems the blood sample around weaning or premating is often easiest to manage logistically. This is because using the ELISA test on blood samples taken from very young calves (less than 35 days of age) can result in false negatives where a PI calf has been feed colostrum high in maternal BVD antibodies. In this circumstance, the maternal antibodies bind most of the BVD virus particles and prevent the test components from working correctly. Calves can be tested for BVD almost immediately after birth and many farmers find it convenient to collect ear notch samples on their replacement heifers at the same time as placing the NAIT tag or performing disbudding. Once an animal has tested negative for BVD virus, it can be certified as non-PI for life and does not need to be tested again. As you start thinking about which heifer calves you are going to keep this season, please talk to one of our vets or techs about how BVD calf testing fits into your animal health programme. Back to Farm Animals Dairy Articles
Social Construction of Race and Ethnicity in the United States Social Construction of Race and Ethnicity in the United States $3.95 Shipping List Price 98% Off You Save • Condition: Good • Provider: HippoBooks Contact • Provider Rating: • Ships From: Multiple Locations • Shipping: Standard 30-day money back guarantee Ask the provider about this item. Most renters respond to questions in 48 hours or less. The response will be emailed to you. • ISBN-13: 9780130283238 • ISBN: 0130283231 • Edition: 2 • Publication Date: 2000 • Publisher: Prentice Hall Ferrante, Joan, Brown, Prince PREFACE The Social Construction of Race and Ethnicity in the United Statesis a five-part book that gives special attention to the social construction of race and ethnicity in the United States. It offers an in-depth and eye-opening analysis of (a) the power of the U.S. system of racial classification to shape our understanding of race and race relations, (b) the way in which this system came into being and has been preserved/perpetuated, and (c) the real consequences this system has on life chances. The Social Construction of Race and Ethnicity in the United Statesis not just a book of readings. Each of the five parts leads off with an in-depth essay or overview that grounds the set of readings in sociological theory. Readings were selected for their potential to stimulate critical thinking and self-examination. In addition, each reading begins with one or more study questions to help readers clarify/identify key concepts and issues. The idea for this book grew out of our frustration with the misleading way in which the idea of "race" is treated in most textbooks that address this concept. Many authors, for example, accurately point out that race is not a meaningful biological concept, but then they proceed to define race in a way that highlights biological traits and to show photographs suggesting that race is a definitive, clear-cut attribute. This book also developed out of a shared commitment to improve the quality of our teaching and to gain a fuller understanding of the impact that the idea of race has on a society that is consumed by it. The logic, organization, articles, and ideas evolved out of conversations with other teachers and from students responses to class material. As one example of how student input helped to shape this book, we asked students to respond in writing to the idea that "race" is a myth and is based on the false assumption that people can be divided into distinct racial categories. While there are always a few students not surprised by this idea, the majority cannot see how this is possible--as these sample comments show: I don't understand how this is possible but 1 am open-minded about it. If there is no such thing as race, why can I look around at the people in the class and know their race? If race is a myth, why is race such a big deal in this country? Such responses motivated us to ask and answer several difficult questions that are central to this book: (1) How is it that racial categories are treated as mutually exclusive when we can identify many cases in which people have complex biological histories? (2) If classification schemes in fact are based on a false assumption, why do they seem so clear-cut? (3) Why have government officials spent so much physical and mental energy devising rules for classifying people according to race? (4) "Why do we so easily recognize races when walking down the street if race is a myth?" (Haney Lopez 1994:19). (5) If race is a myth, should we dismantle classification schemes? In writing and selecting the readings, we struggled with how to refer to "race." Should we always put the word racein quotation marks? Should we always qualify references to a person's race with the words people classified asblack, white, and so on? In the end, we concluded that the idea of race is real if only because its consequences are real. However, we believe that people must shift their understanding of the meaning of race away from a term referring to clear biological divisions of humanity, to a term referring to "a way in which one group designates itself as 'insider' and other groups as 'outsiders' to reinforce or enforce its wishes and/or ideas in social, economic, and political realms" (Rorhl 1996:96). The Social Construction of Race and Ethnicity in the United Stateswas created with the goal ofFerrante, Joan is the author of 'Social Construction of Race and Ethnicity in the United States', published 2000 under ISBN 9780130283238 and ISBN 0130283231. [read more] Questions about purchases? View a detailed breakdown of our shipping prices Learn about our return policy Still need help? Feel free to contact us View college textbooks by subject and top textbooks for college The ValoreBooks Guarantee The ValoreBooks Guarantee
What is Traumatic Brain Injury What is Traumatic Brain Injury? If you have suffered a traumatic brain injury as the result of someone else’s carelessness or recklessness, you may have a claim. Check out Traumatic Brain Injury Settlements in California for more information. What is Traumatic Brain Injury? According to the Mayo Clinic, traumatic brain injury, or TBI, results from a violent blow or other traumatic injury to the head. Any object that penetrates brain tissue can also cause TBI. Mild traumatic brain injury may affect your brain cells temporarily. More serious TBI, however, can result in bruising, torn brain tissues, bleeding, and other physical damage to the brain, which can all cause long-term complications or death. The degree of damage can depend on the nature of the injury and the force of impact. Common events that can cause TBIs include: Falls, which are the most common cause of traumatic brain injuries—especially in older adults and young children. Vehicle-related collisions and pedestrians that may be involved. Violence like gunshot wounds, domestic violence, child abuse like shaken baby syndrome, and other forms of assault. Sports injuries, including those incurred from boxing, football, soccer, skateboarding, hockey, and other high-impact or extreme sports. Explosive blasts and other combat injuries are common causes of TBIs in active-duty military personnel. Researchers believe that during an explosion the pressure wave that passes through the brain causes a significant disruption to brain function. TBIs can also result from penetrating wounds, severe blows to the head with shrapnel or debris, and falls or collisions with objects after a blast. Symptoms of Traumatic Brain Injury You may experience a wide range of physical and psychological effects from a traumatic brain injury. Some symptoms may appear immediately following the trauma. Others may present days or even weeks later. Symptoms of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury The physical symptoms of mild traumatic brain injury may include a state of being dazed, confused or disoriented, a loss of consciousness for a few seconds to a few minutes, problems with speech, headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness or a loss of balance, fatigue or drowsiness, sleeping more than usual, or difficulty sleeping. The sensory symptoms of mild TBI can include blurred vision, ringing in the ears, a bad taste in your mouth, and changes in your ability to smell. You may also experience sensitivity to light or sound. Cognitive or mental symptoms include memory or concentration problems, mood swings, and feelings of depression or anxiety. Symptoms of Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Moderate to severe TBI can include any of the signs and symptoms of mild injury, in addition to the following physical and cognitive or mental symptoms that may appear within the first hours to days after a head injury: Physical symptoms can include a loss of consciousness that can last from several minutes to hours, a persistent headache, convulsions or seizures, a loss of coordination, vomiting or nausea, clear fluids that drain from your nose or ears, an inability to awaken from sleep, weakness or numbness in your fingers and toes, and dilated pupils. Cognitive or mental symptoms include profound confusion, slurred speech, agitation and combativeness, coma, and other disorders of consciousness. Symptoms of TBI in Children Infants and young children with brain injuries can’t always communicate things like headaches, sensory problems, confusion and other similar issues. So it’s especially important to be watchful for symptoms like: changes in their eating or nursing habits, unusual or easy irritability, persistent crying and the inability to be consoled, changes in their ability to pay attention, drowsiness, changes in sleeping patterns, a sad or depressed mood, seizures, and a loss of interest in their favorite toys or activities. When Should You See a Doctor for Traumatic Brain Injury? You should always see your doctor if you or your child has received a blow to the head or body that concerns you or causes changes in behavior. Seek emergency medical attention if you exhibit any signs or symptoms of traumatic brain injury after a recent blow or other traumatic injury to the head. Remember that even a mild injury to the brain is still serious and requires prompt attention and an accurate diagnosis. Do You Need to Talk to a Lawyer About Traumatic Brain Injury? If you’ve suffered a TBI because of someone else’s negligence or carelessness, we may be able to help you. Call 818-230-8380 or fill out the form below to tell us what happened. We’ll be happy to visit you at home, in the hospital or in our office – and if you’re entitled to compensation, we can help you get what you deserve. Contact Us
Glass Work Windermax is providing professional installer for Glass Work Services. Whatever your Glass Work desires, WinderMax helps you to achieve it What is the Glass? What is glass made of? This might be hard to believe, but glass is made from liquid sand. More specifically, glass is made by heating ordinary sand (mostly composed of silicon dioxide SiO2) until it melts and turns into a liquid. What is glass and its types? The two main types of processed glass are laminated glass and toughened/tempered glass. Laminated glass is a type of security glass manufactured by sandwiching a layer of plastic such as PVB in between two sheets of glass. This insulator layer makes the glass impact resistant and sound resistant. Why is glass important? Glass is a useful material because it can be used for a variety of things. Glass is useful for the formation of glass lenses, containers and windows and windscreens. ... Glass containers are popular because it stores something without blocking light
Radioiodine Therapy Pertaining to Hypothyroidism Radioiodine healing is a minimally invasive procedure used for the treating thyroid disorders like hyperthyroidism and goiter. Iodine is normally an essential hormone found by the body’s thyroid gland glands in order to regulate metabolic process, growth, and temperature. Iodine is produced by the thyroid gland and transported towards the brain wherever it acts upon part of the thyroid. Its function in the body of a human is well known but its contribution to controlling thyroid function is not. Iodine deficit is one of the most popular causes of goiter, a crippling health condition in which the affected person will have a reduced capacity to metabolize and absorb important nutrients. Radioiodine therapy was first used to take care of patients diagnosed with follicular thyroid cancer (FTH), which is one type of cancer that has a high affinity for a thyroid problem gland’s thyroxine hormone. Functions by inhibiting the actions of the thyroid-stimulating hormone. Iodine insufficiency is one of the primary causes of goiter and sufferers receiving this sort of radioiodine therapy are much less likely to go through this disease. Radioiodine therapy was also utilized to treat affected individuals diagnosed with hypothyroidism, also a condition that can be due to reduced production of thyroid hormones. A high amount of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood causes hypothyroidism. Radioiodine can be used to reduce the build up of this hormone in the blood and so reduce symptoms and diminish disability in patients with hypothyroidism. Radioiodine is governed in doasage amounts as low as zero. 3 milligrams per kg of bodyweight per dose and it is given as a one-time intravenous taken in the line of thinking just under skin.
The Social Security Agency is in the midst of a crisis. The agency’s finances are in dire straits and its employees are being let go because of budget cuts and the sequestration cuts. The result is that the agency is struggling to provide adequate care for seniors and disabled people. But there’s one big problem: Congress doesn’t have the authority to make the cuts, and the agency’s chief has said he’d prefer to let them continue. The story of how Social Security was created and the role of the federal government in it is a story of political courage and public service. The story starts in the late 19th century, when Congress was still a divided, rural, rural country. In 1877, President Benjamin Harrison, the country’s first socialist, signed a law that would provide benefits to anyone born in the U.S. as well as those born overseas. The act was designed to make sure Americans could keep the promises they made to one another. But it also included a provision that would make certain people eligible for Social Security payments: Those born outside the U, born in Canada or Mexico, or had a parent who was an American. That was the first step toward a Social Security program. In 1878, Congress passed the act that created Social Security, which was the most important legislation in the history of the United States. It was also the first to take full effect and was signed by President Theodore Roosevelt in February of that year. The bill was known as the Social Services Act. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, left, speaks to members of the American Bar Association at the White House, July 26, 1935, in Washington. The Social Services act was the very first piece of legislation passed by Congress. It had a clear purpose and set forth the principles upon which the federal welfare system was to be based. But in the years following the enactment of the act, the agency was plagued by budget shortfalls and the effects of the Great Depression. To help cover the gap, Congress created the Federal Reserve Board in 1933. The Federal Reserve Act of 1935 was the law that created the Fed and the central bank. But when the bill passed Congress, it also gave the Fed the power to create the first bond contracts for a federal agency. The Fed would be able to create a Treasury-issue bond and issue bonds backed by the Social Service Administration’s funds, a new form of government-issued debt. The bond was called a Federal Reserve Note. Social Security was born in 1933 as the Federal Government set aside $30 billion to pay for the Social Safety Net, and then Congress created a new federal program, the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, to pay people who were receiving benefits. The first Social Security benefits were first distributed in 1937. Then, in 1943, Congress gave the federal Social Security agency $300 million to expand the agency. It expanded to include people who worked in jobs that required them to have access to Social Security and had children who needed support. But by the mid-1960s, Congress had cut the agency by more than 50 percent, and its finances were in crisis. This chart shows how much the Social Protection and Unemployment Insurance (SSUI) program was being cut in the last year of the Cold War, as shown by the cuts in the federal programs. The amount of money the federal agency is losing each year is on the x axis, and each line represents a percentage. While the cuts have been coming for some time, they weren’t expected to have an immediate impact. In recent years, the budget battles have been the most visible, as many states have taken on more burdensome mandatory programs and the federal debt has soared. Now, with the sequester looming, the cuts will likely intensify, and Congress will have to decide whether to continue with the cuts or take action. If the cuts continue, the Social Assistance program will be the first government program to see a reduction. The cut would affect nearly every program, including Supplemental Security income, unemployment benefits, child care assistance, the earned income tax credit (EITC), the Child Tax Credit, and a host of other programs. And it will disproportionately hit people who have worked hard and been hardworking, people who need help and don’t have it. But the cuts would also hit the people who are least able to help. In a country that is already burdened by the economic crisis and a national debt that is nearly $1 trillion, cuts in social services would hit people especially hard. Social Security is already facing an insolvency crisis and is struggling with an aging population. The cuts would mean that many seniors and the disabled are at risk of losing the assistance they need. It also means that people will be forced to work harder to pay the costs of care for the elderly and those with disabilities. Social Service workers say that the cuts are a direct result of the cuts they face in their own jobs. And the cuts affect Sponsorship Levels and Benefits
Engine Speed Governors \| Speed Control Governor \| Speed Limiters Speed Governor The governor is a device which is used to controlling the speed of an engine based on the load requirements. Basic governors sense speed and sometimes load of a prime mover and adjust the energy source to maintain the desired level. So it’s simply mentioned as a device giving automatic control (either pressure or temperature) or limitation of speed. 01-speed governor The governors are control mechanisms and they work on the principle of feedback control. Their basic function is to control the speed within limits when load on the prime mover changes. They have no control over the change in speed (flywheel determines change in speed i.e. speed control) within the cycle. Take an example: Assume a driver running a car in hill station, at that time engine load increases, and automatically vehicle speed decreases. Now the actual speed is less than desired speed. So driver increases the fuel to achieve the desired speed. So here, the driver is a governor for this system. So governor is a system to minimise fluctuations within the mean speed which can occur as a result of load variation. The governor has no influence over cyclic speed fluctuations however it controls the mean speed over an extended period throughout that load on the engine might vary. When there’s modification in load, variation in speed additionally takes place then governor operates a regulatory control and adjusts the fuel provide to keep up the mean speed nearly constant. Therefore the governor mechanically regulates through linkages, the energy provided to the engines as demanded by variation of load, so the engine speed is maintained nearly constant. Types of Governor: The governor can be classified into the following types. These are given below, 1. Centrifugal governor a) Pendulum type watt governor b) Loaded type governor i) Gravity controlled type Ø Porter governor Ø Proell governor Ø Watt governor ii) Spring controlled type Ø Hartnell governor Ø Hartung governor 2. Inertia and fly-wheel governor 3. Pickering Governor Purpose of governor: 1. To automatically maintain the uniform speed of the engine within the specified limits, whenever there is a variation of the load. 2. To regulate the fuel supply to the engine as per load requirements. 3. To regulate the mean speed of the engines. 4. It works intermittently i.e., only there’s modification within the load 5. Mathematically, it can express as ΔN. 01-speed limiter-speed control governor Terminology used in the governor: 1. Height of the governor (h): Height of the governor is defined as the vertical distance between the centre of the governor ball and the point of the intersection between the upper arm on the axis of the spindle. The height of the governor is denoted by ‘h’. 2. Radius of rotation (r): Radius of rotation is defined as the centre of the governor balls and the axis of rotation in the spindle. The radius of rotation is denoted by ‘r’. 3. Sleeve lift (X): The sleeve lift of the governor is defined as the vertical distance travelled by the sleeve on spindle due to change in equilibrium in speed. The sleeve lift of the governor is denoted by ‘X’. 4. Equilibrium speed: The equilibrium speed means, the sped at which the governor balls, arms, sleeve, etc, are in complete equilibrium and there is no upward or downward movement of the sleeve on the spindle, is called as equilibrium speed. 5. Mean Equilibrium speed: The mean equilibrium speed is defined as the speed at the mean position of the balls or the sleeve is called as mean equilibrium speed. 6. Maximum speed: The Maximum speed is nothing but the speeds at the maximum radius of rotation of the balls without tending to move either way is called as maximum speed. 7. Minimum speed: The Minimum speed is nothing but the speeds at the minimum radius of rotation of the balls without tending to move either way is called as minimum speed. 8. Governor effort: The mean force working on the sleeve for a given change of speed is termed as the governor effort. 9. Power of the governor: The power of the governor is state that the product of mean effort and lift of the sleeve is called as power of the governor. 10. Controlling force: The controlling force is nothing but an equal and opposite force to the centrifugal force, acting radially (i.e., centripetal force) is termed as controlling force of a governor. In other words, the force acting radially upon the rotating balls to counteract its centrifugal force is called the controlling force. Follow Me:
old bluetooth speakers Speakers have evolved a lot ever since Ernst Siemens patented the first loudspeaker in 1877. The history of speakers is long and interesting. The speaker that everyone knows today was first manufactured in the 1920s. It utilizes a magnetic field to move a magnet or coil that is connected to a part called a diaphragm. And throughout the years, the evolution of speakers resulted in the modern models that are found on the market today including Bluetooth speakers under 100 dollars. Brief History of Speakers Speakers have a rich history behind them. The dynamic speaker was first designed back in 1874 by Ernst Siemens. He described the invention to obtain mechanical movement of the electrical coil from the source electric currents that flowed via it. The idea of his creation was to move a telegraph arm. Later, Thomas Edison was instrumental in the invention of the loudspeaker. The loudspeaker is comprised of a flexible diaphragm (cone) connected to the acoustic horn’s throat. The design of cones earlier after the invention used materials such as paper, leather, and thin metal sheets. However, paper is still used today since it’s readily available and affordable. So that’s a brief history of Bluetooth speakers. Check out our guide about how Bluetooth speakers are made and what they are made of. The 1800s Ernst Siemens was one of the first individuals who have filed a patent for a speaker. Little did he know that his contraption will evolve into Bluetooth speakers of today. Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, also developed a stylus and diaphragm device that was used in the first talking pictures but not with great success. The machine was known as the Wee Small Voice. History of Speakers – A Timeline Early 1900s Cinema owners in France placed speakers made by engineer Leon Gaumont at the back of the screen. They carried the speakers as required by action on the screen. By the year 1919, Gaumont developed the Eglephone speaker that can amplify sound to around four thousand people. And during Woodrow Wilson’s presidential address in 1919, they used Magnavox, which was a moving coil speaker. Instead of speaking into a microphone, President Wilson spoke into two large horns that were placed over his head. 1920s to 1950s The development of audio speakers was in full blast between the two World Wars. Researchers from Bell Laboratories and General Electric were developing electrostatic and direct radiator speakers. It was in the mid-1930s when stereo sound was developed. Then in 1940, Walt Disney launched Fantasound, which was a sound system that utilized three audio channels, as well as 54 speakers. For home users, bookshelf speakers were launched, and the gramophones were replaced by woofers and tweeters. 1960s to the Present and the Future It was in the 1960s when the consumer electronics became mobile. It was during this period when turntables became portable and have built-in speakers. Pocket radios were also released during this era. In 1965, Philips launched a compact cassette tape that utilized a low fidelity monophonic speaker. During the 1970s, Dolby developed a noise reduction technology that became the world standard in noise reproduction. And new at present technologies such as Bluetooth speakers and NFC speakers. They have become smaller and more portable, and yet they provide high definition sound. What Are Analog Speakers? Analog speakers are older speakers that do not use any form of digitalization. This means that the audio signal played by the speakers is simply time-varying waves i.e the signals are not modified and are played as they are by the speaker. A good example of the difference between digital and analog is those old analog phone lines that used simple voice circuits while TTY mode is an example of digital phone communications. Click on the images below to check out our list of the best vintage speakers available today: vintage speakers bookshelf vintage speakers for vinyl record players In fact, if you are a vintage junkie and are interested in analog speakers, check out these analog speakers on Amazon: Best Analog Speakers On Amazon Bluetooth Today How Does Bluetooth Work Today and How It Helps You Stay Connected? There are so many ways to connect devices that it may seem like it is all the same but with different names. However, the technology behind all wireless connection methods is different. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LTE, and infrared are amongst the most common wireless technologies. Bluetooth technology has had a long history. Bluetooth, originally created by Ericsson more than 20 years ago, allows a number of devices to connect to each other wirelessly. It is a high-speed wireless technology used to connect devices such as smartphones, speakers, headsets, laptops, etc. There are millions of products with incorporated Bluetooth technology available for sale on the market nowadays and it is one of the most commonly-used wireless connection technologies out there. In fact, today, we even have Bluetooth speakers in the shape of bulldogs, yes, check out our article on the best bulldog speakers or the best egg shaped speakers What is Bluetooth’s Secret? How does Bluetooth work But how does Bluetooth work? Over short distances, up to eight Bluetooth devices can pair via this technology, which enables them to exchange data. Every device uses a microchip with an antenna to send and receive signals, and software to process the communication between the hardware. The antenna sends short-range waves that, unlike the infrared wireless technology, do not require an unobstructed space between the receiving and transmitting devices. One device called a master can exchange information with up to seven others, called slaves, in a network called a picoNET. A Bluetooth device can be a member of multiple piconets, and separate piconets can be linked together to form a scatternet. Every device also has a hold mode, which lowers its activity and saves more battery power than in normal mode. Best Bluetooth Speakers On Amazon Pros and Cons of Bluetooth Most of us are not interested in how does Bluetooth work, but what are its advantages. Bluetooth consumes an almost insignificant part of your battery, saving power and allowing you to use your device for a longer period of time. However, low battery consumption limits the technology range to 32 feet or less. Despite the low power drainage, users can transfer information with up to 3 megabits per second with Bluetooth 2.0 standard and up to 24 megabits per second with Bluetooth 3.0. A newer, 4.0 standard has recently been adopted, allowing an even higher transfer speed. It is extremely easy to use – all you have to do is turn it on and pair the devices. bluetooth pros and cons When a device is attempting to pair with yours, you have to allow this connection. This makes the technology extremely safe and prevents leakage of sensitive information. In addition, despite the fact that almost every electronic device out there has Bluetooth technology incorporated, there is practically no interference between devices in the same area. Finally, many people think Bluetooth uses data and increases your mobile bill. However, that is certainly not true. As you can see, speakers have evolved through time. From the large and clunky units, consumers can now buy Bluetooth speakers that can fit in their pockets. And the best thing about it is that the speakers of today provide clearer and better sound compared to the days of Wee Small Voice.
Skip to main content Utility (external) navigation Grammar and mechanics Adapted from mailchimp’s guide under a CC-BY-NC-4.0 license. Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Basics 3. Guidelines 1. Abbreviations and acronyms 2. Active voice 3. Capitalization 4. Contractions 5. Emoji 6. Numbers 7. Dates 8. Decimals and fractions 9. Percentages 10. Ranges and spans 11. Money 12. Telephone numbers 13. Temperature 14. Time 4. Punctuation 1. Apostrophes 2. Colons 3. Commas 4. Dashes and hyphens 5. Ellipses 6. Periods 7. Question marks 8. Exclamation points 9. Quotation marks 10. Semicolons 11. Ampersands 5. People, places, and things 1. File extensions 2. Pronouns 4. Names and titles 5. Schools 6. States, cities, and countries 7. URLs and websites 8. Slang and jargon 9. Text formatting 10. Write positively Be specific. Avoid vague language. Cut the fluff. The guiding principle behind these guidelines is trueness to form: a word, phrase, number, etc. should look like what it is. The more a date, time, phone number, quote, or similar looks to the user like its affordance, the more likely the user will understand and consume that information. Abbreviations and acronyms First use: Network Operations Center Second use: NOC First use: Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) Second use: UTC Active voice Use active voice. Avoid passive voice. Yes: Marti logged into the account. No: The account was logged into by Marti. Your account was flagged by our abuse team. We use a few different forms of capitalization. Title case capitalizes the first letter of every word except articles, prepositions, and conjunctions. Sentence case capitalizes the first letter of the first word. [email protected] • website • internet • online • email Emoji are a fun way to add humor and visual interest to your writing, but use them infrequently and deliberately. Spell out a number when it begins a sentence. Otherwise, use the numeral. This includes ordinals. Ten new employees started on Monday, and 12 start next week. I ate 3 donuts at Coffee Hour. Meg won 1st place in last year’s Walktober contest. We hosted a group of 8th graders who are learning to code. Sometimes it feels weird to use the numeral. If it’s an expression that typically uses spelled-out numbers, leave them that way. A friendly welcome email can help you make a great first impression. That is a third-party integration. Put your best foot forward with the all-in-one Marketing Platform that grows with you. After you send your newsletter, Freddie will give you a high-five. Numbers over 3 digits get commas: • 999 • 1,000 • 150,000 Write out big numbers in full. Abbreviate them if there are space restraints, as in a tweet or a chart: 1k, 150k. Generally, spell out the day of the week and the month. Abbreviate only if space is an issue. Saturday, January 24 Sat., Jan. 24 Decimals and fractions Spell out fractions. Yes: two-thirds No: 2/3 Use the % symbol instead of spelling out “percent.” Ranges and spans It takes 20-30 days. ¥1 €1 Defer to Nick Kolenda’s Pricing psychology when setting the price of any product on the site. The goal for any price should be: 1. Ensuring an acceptable profit margin 2. Being honest 3. Enticing the prospective buyer Telephone numbers For US phone numbers, use the familiar format with the area code in parentheses: (248) 721-0350 For any international number, precede with a + followed by the country code and number with no spaces. If a regional/local formatting standard is known, use that. +44 0800 328 1700 Use the degree symbol and the capital F abbreviation for Fahrenheit. Use numerals and AM or PM, with a space in between. Always add minutes, even on the hour, as it makes times within text far more recognizable and skimmable. • 7:00 AM • 7:30 PM Use a hyphen between times to indicate a time period. 7:00 AM–10:30 PM Specify time zones when writing about an event or something else people would need to schedule. Abbreviate time zones within the continental United States as follows: • Eastern time: ET • Central time: CT • Mountain time: MT • Pacific time: PT Abbreviate decades when referring to those within the past 100 years. • the 00s • the 90s When referring to decades more than 100 years ago, be more specific: • the 1900s • the 1890s Punctuation marks, such as the colon, should be outside of bolding or emphasis if they are at a boundary. Other punctuation similarly should be “programmer style”, where commas are outside of quotes and the like. This is not exactly to AP/MLA/Chicago style standards, but matches the personality of our voice. In some cases, such as apostrophes, quotes, and others, there exist ‘smart’ marks that are curly or otherwise-affected. Using these marks rather than plain or straight quotes is left to your discretion — plain marks are entirely acceptable in all usages. The apostrophe’s most common use is making a word possessive. If the word already ends in an s and it’s singular, you also add an ‘s. If the word ends in an s and is plural, just add an apostrophe. • The donut thief ate Sam’s donut. • The donut thief ate Chris’s donut. • The donut thief ate the managers’ donuts. Apostrophes can also be used to denote that you’ve dropped some letters from a word, usually for humor or emphasis. This is fine, but do it sparingly. Use a colon (rather than an ellipsis, em dash, or comma) to offset a list. Erin ordered 3 kinds of donuts: glazed, chocolate, and pumpkin. You can also use a colon to join 2 related phrases. If a complete sentence follows the colon, capitalize the 1st word. Yes: David admires his parents, Oprah, and Justin Timberlake. No: David admires his parents, Oprah and Justin Timberlake. Otherwise, use common sense. If you’re unsure, read the sentence out loud. Where you find yourself taking a breath, use a comma. Dashes and hyphens Use a hyphen (-) without spaces on either side to link words into single phrase, or to indicate a span or range. • first-time user • Monday-Friday Use an em dash (—) with spaces on either side to offset an aside. Use a true em dash, not hyphens (- or –). Multivariate testing — just one of our new Pro feature — can help you grow your business. Austin thought Brad was the donut thief, but he was wrong — it was Lain. “Where did all those donuts go?” Christy asked. Lain said, “I don’t know…” Ellipses, in brackets, can also be used to show that you’re omitting words in a quote. “When in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, […] a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.” Periods go outside of quotation marks, programmer-style. They go outside parentheses when the parenthetical is part of a larger sentence, and inside parentheses when the parenthetical stands alone. Christy said, “I ate a donut”. Leave a single space between sentences. Question marks Question marks go inside quotation marks if they’re part of the quote, and outside otherwise. Like periods, they go outside parentheses when the parenthetical is part of a larger sentence, and inside parentheses when the parenthetical stands alone. Exclamation points Exclamation points go inside quotation marks when part of the quote, or outside otherwise. Like periods and question marks, they go outside parentheses when the parenthetical is part of a larger sentence, and inside parentheses when the parenthetical stands alone. Never use exclamation points in failure messages or alerts. When in doubt, avoid! Quotation marks Use quotes to refer to words and letters, titles of short works (like articles and poems), and direct quotations. Periods and commas go outside quotation marks when terminal. Question marks within quotes follow logic — if the question mark is part of the quotation, it goes within. If you’re asking a question that ends with a quote, it goes outside the quote. Use single quotation marks for quotes within quotes. Who was it that said, “A fool and his donut are easily parted”? Use single quotes for single words or hyphenated phrases. For multi-word quotations, use double quotes on the outside and single quotes within. Avoid triple-nested quotes whenever humanly possible. Go easy on semicolons. They usually support long, complicated sentences that could easily be simplified. Try an em dash (—) instead, or simply start a new sentence. • Ben and Dan • Ben & Jerry’s People, places, and things File extensions • GIF • PDF • HTML • JPGs • slowclap.gif • ben-twitter-profile.jpg • ilovedonuts.html If your subject’s gender is unknown or irrelevant, use “they,” “them,” and “their” as a singular pronoun. Use “he/him/his” and “she/her/her” pronouns as appropriate. Don’t use “one” as a pronoun. When quoting someone in a blog post or other publication, use the present tense. “Using Mailchimp has helped our business grow,” says Jamie Smith. Names and titles Capitalize the names of departments and teams (but not the word “team” or “department”). • Marketing team • Support department Capitalize individual job titles when referencing to a specific role. Don’t capitalize when referring to the role in general terms. Our new Marketing Manager starts today. All the managers ate donuts. Don’t refer to someone as a “ninja,” “rockstar,” or “wizard” unless they literally are one. The first time you mention a school, college, or university in a piece of writing, refer to it by its full official name. On all other mentions, use its more common abbreviation. Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Tech Georgia State University, GSU States, cities, and countries Spell out all city and state names. Don’t abbreviate city names. On first mention, write out United States. On subsequent mentions, US is fine. The same rule applies to any other country or federation with a common abbreviation (European Union, EU; United Kingdom, UK). URLs and websites Capitalize the names of websites and web publications. Don’t italicize. Avoid spelling out URLs, but when you need to, write the entire URL including https://www. and the like, so the address is recognizable and skimmable. Slang and jargon Write in plain English. If you need to use a technical term, briefly define it so everyone can understand. Text formatting Use italics to indicate the title of a long work (like a book, movie, or album) or to emphasize a word. Don’t use underline formatting, and don’t use any combination of italic, bold, caps, and underline. Left-align text, never center or right-aligned. Leave one space between sentences, never 2. Write positively Yes: To get a donut, stand in line.
Personal Finance (July 5 -9) Welcome to Personal Finance My name Rajvi and I am a finance teacher for Explorer Hop. Throughout the next week, I will be guiding your child on how to start their personal finance journey in a balanced and healthy way. The purpose of this course is to teach children to manage their money through budgeting, savings techniques, paying taxes and several other concepts. After each class, I will post what the children did in the class, what the next class is about and homework for the children to complete before next class. Meeting Link for Program: You can join the meeting Link everyday at 11 am EST from July 5-9. Meeting Link: Please ensure you have signed up for a zoom account Day 1 Today we discussed the importance of having balance in your life, how to set realistic money goals and the key strategies to save money. Additionally, we walked through the set up of the balance game and discussed how to choose a credit card, car and car loan. Next Class: We will discuss budgeting and banking. Day 2 Today we reviewed the saving strategies, learned how to calculate interest, discussed how banking works and introduced the concepts of budgeting. Next Class: We will breakdown all the steps of budgeting and discuss how to create a detailed budget. Day 3 Today we discussed how banks make money and went through the process of making a budget. Next Class: We will learn about loans. Older Post Newer Post Shopping Cart Your cart is currently empty. Shop now
Write the differences between.(a) Blood and Lymph(b) Open and clos \| Filo filo Logodropdown-logo Class 11 Human Physiology Body Fluids and Circulation view icon602 like icon150 Write the differences between. (a) Blood and Lymph (b) Open and closed system of circulation (c) Systole and diastole (d) P- wave and T- wave (a) Blood and Lymph It is a colourless fluid.It is red-coloured fluid. It contains plasma and lesser number of WBCs and platelets.It contains plasma, RBCs, WBCs, and platelets. It transports nutrients from the tissue cells to the blood, through lymphatic vessels.It transports nutrients and oxygen from one organ to another. It helps in body defence and is a part of the immune system.It helps in the circulation of oxygen and carbon dioxide. (b) Open and Closed system of circulation Open system of circulationClosed system of circulation In this system, blood is pumped by the heart, through large vessels, into body cavities called sinuses.In this system, blood is pumped by the heart, through a closed network of vessels. The body tissues are in direct contact with blood. The body tissues are in indirect contact with blood. Blood flows at low pressure.Blood flows at high pressure. Blood flow cannot be regulated. Blood flow can be regulated This is present in arthropods and molluscs.This is present in annelids, echinoderms, and vertebrates. (c) Systole and Diastole It is the contraction of the heart chambers to drive blood into the aorta and the pulmonary artery.It is the relaxation of the heart chambers between two contractions. Systole decreases the volume of the heart chambers and forces the blood out of them.Diastole brings the heart chambers back into their original sizes to receive more blood (d) P-wave and T-wave In an electrocardiogram (ECG), the P-wave indicates the activation of the Sino-atrial node.In an electrocardiogram (ECG), the T-wave represents ventricular relaxation. During this phase, the impulse of contraction is generated by the SA node, causing atrial depolarisation.During this phase, the ventricles relax and return to their normal state. It is of atrial origin.It is of ventricular origin. view icon602 like icon150 filo banner image Connecting you to a tutor in 60 seconds. Get answers to your doubts. playstore logoplaystore logo Similar Topics digestion and absorption breathing and exchange of gases locomotion and movement body fluids and circulation microbes in human welfare
Abnormal configuration of cerebral ventricles Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare multisystem autosomal dominant genetic disease that causes non-cancerous tumours to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, liver, eyes, lungs and skin. A combination of symptoms may include seizures, intellectual disability, developmental delay, behavioral problems, skin abnormalities, lung disease, and kidney disease. [Source: Wikipedia ]
Skip to Main Content Japanese Americans in Hawaii during World War II: Resources: Social Media Chat with a Librarian Social Media Links The following social media sites are meant to further the current generation's interest and education on Japanese American culture and heritage. 1. Japanese American National Museum is located in Los Angeles, California that hopes to promote understanding and appreciation of America’s ethnic and cultural diversity by sharing the Japanese American experience. This is a link to their Instagram account (@jamuseum) that highlight the events and exhibits that come to their museum. 2. JOURNEY OF HEROES: The Story of the 100th Infantry Battalion and 442nd Regimental Combat Team: This a the facebook page that helps spread the word on book signings and events related to 100th/442nd veterans in Hawaii. Journey of Heroes is a manga that was created by Stacey Hayashi to raise awareness of the nisei soldier, most specifically the exploits of the 100th/442nd Regimental Combat Team, and to do so in a modern, engaging, and accessible format for a wide audience. UHWO Library Holdings of the comic can be found here: 3. AJA Baseball: This is the Facebook of the nonprofit association that promotes Giri (duty and obligation) to honor the values of Japanese heritage and perpetuate Japanese culture though baseball. The league is comprised of teams from Oahu, Maui, Kauai, and Hawaii islands. Hawaii State AJA Baseball Association continues to crown a State Champion every year since 1930 until the present, (except for five years (1942-47) during World War II). Connect with us!
How to Take Care of Dracaena Massangeana Plants The Dracaena fragrans 'Massangeana' plant, also known as the corn plant, is made up of shiny green leaves that have a yellow streak running down the center of the leaves. Most Dracaena fragrans 'Massangeana' are grown indoors in pots and are relatively low-maintenance plants. If you want to grow the plant outdoors, however, you must live in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 10B through 11. These tropical plants don't handle cold temperatures well. Soil and Light Requirements Dracaena fragrans 'Massangeana' needs slightly acidic soil that drains well to thrive. Change the soil in the pot of your purchased corn plant if it isn't well-draining organic soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 6.5. County extension offices offer soil test kits if you aren't sure what the pH is. Avoid using soil mixes that contain a large amount of perlite or fertilizers containing superphosphate with these plants. That's because Dracaenas are very sensitive to fluoride, which perlite and superphosphate contain. Place your 'Massangeana' plant between 4 and 8 feet away from either a south-, east- or west-facing window. This plant as requires medium light. That means it needs light but cannot tolerate direct sunlight. While these plants tolerate low light, they will not grow as well. Water and Feeding Requirements Because tap water contains fluoride that can be harmful to indoor plants like Dracaenas, you may want to use rainwater or water that has gone through the process of reverse-osmosis to remove it. Water the Dracaena fragrans 'Massangeana' plant with the fluoride-free water once per week until the soil is soaked but not sopping wet. Watering too frequently can lead to root rot. And, use room-temperature or warm water as cold water can damage these sensitive tropical plants. Mist your corn plant once per day with a spray bottle that has been filled with water; corn plants require a humid environment because they are tropical. Apply a 3-1-2 fertilizer every three months to the soil surrounding the corn plant. Follow the packing label for exact dosing instructions. Pests and Disease Signs and Solutions 'Massangeana' plants suffering from fluoride toxicity may have brown spots on the leaves, ringed in yellow. If you notice these signs, water your plants with water that has gone through filtration with reverse-osmosis. Watch for spider mites, mealybugs and scales, which are common pests of the Dracaena fragrans 'Massangeana' plant. If you spot any pests, spray them with horticultural oil. Distilled water can be used instead of reverse-osmosis water as it also contains little to no fluoride. Plant 'Massangeana' in pots with drainage holes indoors to prevent root rot.
Mind Matters Natural and Artificial Intelligence News and Analysis Psychology concept. Sunrise and woman silhouette. Can Our Minds Extend Beyond Our Bodies? It depends on how we define our “minds” — Can we disentangle our minds from our experiences? Well, here’s a fun coffee break challenge offered by Daniel J. Siegel, M.D., the author of Mind: A Journey to the Heart of Being Human (Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology) (2016): Olivia Goldhill, “Scientists Say Your “Mind” Isn’t Confined to Your Brain, or Even Your Body” at Quartz In a certain way, that should be reassuring. Some philosophers claim that mind is an illusion. Every month or so we hear that neuroscientists have somehow cracked the problem of consciousness, relying on one or another of the brain’s regions (the brain has many regions; you can find something new anywhere you look). At the end of the day, consciousness is the same conundrum it has always been: Why do you know you exist? A rock doesn’t know. Yet you both exist. What’s the difference? Why do you need other people to exist? A rock doesn’t care whether other rocks exist. We are all both sand and sea, in the sense that we are both material and immaterial. Now, self-organization theory may or may not offer significant answers but it may help some avoid the most foolish errors, like thinking that consciousness is an illusion. We may as well think that the number 7 is an illusion because one can’t point to a physical object and say, “There! That’s it! That’s the number 7!” You may also enjoy: Must science be materialist? Philosopher Peter Vickers says yes. Philosopher and computer scientist Bernardo Kastrup says no. To claim that science must oppose non-materialist ideas is to make it into an ideology. We know little about some aspects of our universe. Mind Matters News Can Our Minds Extend Beyond Our Bodies?
Spanish-American War 1898 Spanish-American War 1898 Print page Stern View of the "USS Maine" Stern View of the “USS Maine” (Photo credit: Wikipedia) Before the war erupted in 1898 Spain was already declining as a world power. Cuba was trying to gain their independence from Spain. This violent conflict caught America’s attention. This conflict was geographically close to the United Stated so they felt the need to help Cuba but America was also well aware that this would benefit them. The sinking of the USS Maine, caused great tension between Spain and America and propaganda and media were switching up the stories blaming Spain for such a violent act when it is possible it was an accident. The tension was building up months before the war. On April 20, 1898 President McKinley and congress agreed on resolving this issue by demanding Spain to give up control of the island. If Spain failed to do so then military measures would be taken in order to guarantee Cuba’s independence. Spain didn’t agree with these terms and in return President McKinley ordered a naval blockade and announced a call for 125,000 military volunteers. Spain declared war on the United States. John Hay, secretary of state, described this as “a splendid little war” . U.S. Troops including Officer Teddy Roosevelt and the rough riders were sent to Cuba to gain their independence from the Spanish. My personal opinion on this topic is that America saw an opportunity to gain power and territory that would benefit them economically. Since they had an early economic interest in Asia, this worked out perfectly on their favor as they also gained the Philippines in Southeast Asia from Spain. We will never really know if their intentions were truly just helping Cuba or if it was something else. I don’t take away anything from this “heroic” action because weather they did it for another cause they still helped Cuba gain their independence. I guess you can say it worked out for both sides Cuba and the United States. English: A 1900 Republican campaign poster for... English: A 1900 Republican campaign poster for the US presidential election. Español: Cartel de la campaña Republicana presidencial de los Estados Unidos de 1900. Français : Affiche de campagne électorale républicaine de 1900 (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Your question: Why can’t parents donate the organs of their anencephalic baby when it dies? Organ donation from anencephalic infants should not be undertaken due to the serious difficulties surrounding the establishment of brain death in these infants and the lack of evidence to date supporting successful organ transplantation. Can babies with anencephaly donate organs? Which organ Cannot be donated after death? IT IS INTERESTING: What's the salary of the CEO of Unicef? Are anencephalic babies brain dead? What is it called when a baby is born without a brain? Are donor babies real? A savior baby or savior sibling is a child who is conceived in order to provide an organ or cell transplant to a sibling that is affected with a fatal disease, such as cancer or Fanconi anemia, that can best be treated by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Do babies with anencephaly feel pain? How early can you tell if your baby has anencephaly? Fetuses with anencephaly are correctly identified at 12 to 13 weeks gestation. Anencephaly occurs in absence of the cranial vault. Ultrasound findings can be normal until onset of ossification has definitely failed. A first trimester scan at 12 to 13 weeks allows reliable diagnosis and active management of anencephaly. IT IS INTERESTING: Your question: What charity sectors are there? How long can a brainless baby live? BRAINLESS’ BABY LIVED FOR 27 DAYS; Autopsy Reveals Infant Was Born With Fluid-Filled Cranial Cavity. – The New York Times. Archives\|BRAINLESS’ BABY LIVED FOR 27 DAYS; Autopsy Reveals Infant Was Born With Fluid-Filled Cranial Cavity. What is the last organ to shut down when you die? Can I donate my heart if I’m still alive? Originally Answered: Can I donate my heart while still alive? No, of course not, you can’t be a living donor for a heart. A kidney, a piece of your liver, a single lung, those are some organs you can donate if you are a match for the patient in need. Which organs remain alive after death? Which Organs Can Be Donated After Death? • Heart. • Two Lungs. • Pancreas. • Liver (2 recipients) • Two Kidneys. What is the longest a baby with anencephaly has lived? Anencephaly is one of the most lethal congenital defects. This case report is of an anencephalic infant who lived to 28 months of life and defies current literature. She is the longest surviving anencephalic infant who did not require life-sustaining interventions. Why do anencephalic babies die? These brain regions are necessary for thinking, hearing, vision, emotion, and coordinating movement. The bones of the skull are also missing or incompletely formed. Because these nervous system abnormalities are so severe, almost all babies with anencephaly die before birth or within a few hours or days after birth. IT IS INTERESTING: How much does charitable contributions reduce taxes? What are the chances of anencephaly happening twice? While we are not able to comment on your specific risk to have a child with anencephaly, research shows that once a child has been born with an open neural tube defect (ONTD) in the family, the chance for an ONTD to happen again is increased to 3 to 5 percent.
Comprehending The Rule Of Regulations Regulation is a framework of guidelines developed and enforced by governmental or communal institutions to socially regulate habits in accordance with its defined definition. It’s a subject of ongoing debate, having been variously outlined as the artwork and science of civil regulation. It is the body of law that constitutes the widespread regulation. It’s the body of legislation that governs our lives and is the topic of quite a few laws. The goal of civil regulation is to govern public establishments resembling government, firms, local authorities associations, personal associations, and bodies of representative government. Civil regulation entails ethical as well as authorized judgments. These judgments type the basis for much of the fashionable widespread regulation. Civil law courts are subordinate to increased government courts and supreme court. A lawyer training within the civil legislation area normally makes a speciality of a particular space of the regulation. Civil law is worried primarily with the administration of justice, but extends to a wide range of other issues comparable to property rights, wills, trusts, charities, inheritance, tax, trusts, administrative legislation, professional legal responsibility, probate and wills. The area of jurisdiction is sort of broad and contains almost all facets of life in fashionable society. The concept of justice as an attribute of society has additionally turn out to be increasingly necessary in trendy societies. Many people believe that justice is a concept inherent in human nature and that it can be seen as the foundation of a liberal democracy. In popular usage, the word “justice” is usually used to confer with any set of laws that outline and restrict the behaviour of people or groups of individuals inside a society. Justice is used in association with freedom, equality, and fairness. Justice is also thought to have totally different dimensions. Some see it as individual accountability, group accountability and social accountability. In a pure theory, all laws are uniformly applied to all individuals. In this theory, there is no such thing as a room for discrimination or partiality. A few vital jurisdictions embrace British widespread law, the Americas, Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. In the United States, the concept of civil regulation was developed in the 17th century below the system of common regulation, a system that had evolved from English Frequent regulation alone. The primary formulation of civil regulation within the US was the Massachusetts statute regulation, which established the judicial system in America. Other significant contributions by American lawyers were the decisions in the Illinois Territory (which included the Seventh and Illinois Supreme Courtroom) and the Treatise on Home Relations of George Washington. The theories and practices that emerged from these choices have develop into the premise for a lot legislation apply all through the United States. A major component of contemporary American regulation and authorized concept is the idea of open government. Open government refers to the idea that the government should maintain an inexpensive diploma of openness and transparency in its establishments in order that the public can respect the choices made and the legal guidelines observed. This concept is a vital part of the philosophy of democracy and is at the heart of many constitutional protections – including the precise to trial by impartial judges. Because of this, the courts are sometimes known as upon to apply a “checks and balances” precept, applying the foundations in opposition to powerful interests to prevent regular residents from unduly obstructing the technique of justice. Many students argue that checks and balances do probably not work in the contemporary United States, partially because the power of competing interests has decreased so much over the years and that there is a lot polarization inside American society and establishments. Different areas of the regulation which have changed significantly over time are criminal legislation, divorce legislation, household legislation, property legislation, and, especially, patent regulation. Whereas the majority of some of these legislation are not often mentioned by legal professionals and judges in daily courtrooms, they touch on many important issues in society and have an effect on the lives of countless individuals. Things like drug laws, pornography legal guidelines, trademarks, copyrights, and mental property laws all have an effect on the best way folks reside their lives each day. The importance of the authorized system is profound. The United States is unique in many ways, and the system of legislation protects individual rights, limits on corporate power, and protects the freedoms of speech and religion which can be elementary to a civilized society. Without the rule of law in place, many issues can be allowed to go on as is, with the occasional fluke being permitted in some cases. Those that worth the rule of law and the checks and balances that it provides for the common good should support efforts to preserve the liberty of speech and religion, protect employees’ rights, defend the financial system, and promote the civil society. Many students argue that the United States has fallen far behind different developed countries in terms of its commitment to the rule of law and its skill to offer citizens with sturdy and competent authorized institutions. In case you have virtually any concerns concerning where by along with how you can make use of family lawyer North Sydney, it is possible to email us with our site. Proceed your pursuit for lots more related content: Going At this website Highly recommended Webpage please click the next internet page Related Articles 0 Comment
Complete list of associated features: Previous SectionTrack Sandford Fleming’s Correspondence Respecting the Location of Stations Sandford Fleming’s Correspondence Respecting the Location of Stations ocated for the convenience of railway operations, the station or depot became the focus of small-town prairie Canada. Here agent-operators were stationed to sell the services of the railway company and to assist dispatchers in controlling train movements along the line.1 The standard combination of office freight, passenger and living areas in one building—usually a two-story structure to separate living quarters from business operations—became the norm, able to satisfy the business requirements of the company and the housing needs of the mostly married agent-operators.2 Married men were considered to be more stable and responsible than single men.3 These standardized stations were economical to build and designed to encourage efficent operation, and the flexibility of the layouts allowed for expansion.4 Standard styles and colour schemes reinforced a railway company’s corporate identity.5 Representative Stations Representative Stations Each company had a variety of station classes, the size of a station being dependent on the importance and traffic needs of the community it served. Popular designs were seen in the Canadian Pacific’s Standard No. 5, the Canadian Northern’s Third Class, and the Grand Trunk Pacific’s ubiquitous Type A. With the arrival of the truck and automobile, and the subsequent rationalization of the railway network, the once familiar station is fast disappearing. Only a few stations, not in operational use, are being preserved and used for other purposes. Richards and MacKenzie in The Railway Station: A Social History best expressed their epitaph: The closing of the station intangibly but signficantly dimishes the spiritual life of a country and its people, for it brings down the curtain with devasting finality on a stage which has seen a thousand dramas, comic and tragic, played out and has mirrored the changing moods of the nation, has etched itself into the working lives of some, the emotional lives of others.6 Previous SubsectionTrack Notes \| Bibliography \| Abbreviations 1. C.W. Bohi, Canadian National’s Western Depots (Don Mills: A Railfare Book, 1977), p. 15. 2. H.R. Grant and C.W. Bohi, The Country Railroad Station in America (Boulder: Pruett Publishing Co., 1978), p. 126. 3. Ibid., p. 128. 4. John R. Stilgoe, Metropolitan Corrido (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983), p. 202. 5. Ibid., p. 203. 6. J. Richards and J.M. MacKenzie, The Railway Station (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), p. 5.
Research proves EVs ARE cleaner than gas-guzzlers Research proves EVs ARE cleaner than gas-guzzlers by Gill D on July 21, 2021 A new study debunks the familiar argument that electric vehicles aren't any cleaner than gasoline-powered automobiles. According to the study, an electric vehicle emits fewer greenhouse gases over its lifetime than a gas-powered vehicle, from digging up the resources needed to make it to the end of the car’s lifespan. That is true whether an EV connects to a grid in Europe with a higher proportion of renewables or a grid in India that is still primarily reliant on coal. This shouldn't come as a shock to anyone. The climatic problem is being driven by fossil fuels. As a result, governments across the globe have suggested phasing out internal combustion engines by 2035, from California to the European Union. However, some argue that electric vehicles are only as clean as the grids they run on, and that fossil fuels still dominate the energy mix in most regions. “We have a lot of lobby work from parts of the automotive industry saying that electric vehicles are not that much better if you take into account the electricity production and the battery production. We wanted to look into this and see whether these arguments are true.” This comes from the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) that published the report. Emissions Analysis The analysis calculates the emissions from medium-sized electric vehicles registered in 2021 in India, China, the United States, or Europe – countries that account for 70% of worldwide new car sales and are typical of other markets throughout the world. According to the study, lifetime emissions for an electric vehicle in Europe are between 66 and 69 percent lower than for a gas-guzzling vehicle. In the United States, an electric vehicle emits 60 to 68 percent fewer pollutants. In China, where coal is used more, an EV reduces emissions by 37 to 45 percent. It is between 19 and 34 percent lower in India. It's worth noting that the study assumes the vehicle was registered in 2021 and will be on the road for approximately 18 years. By examining the energy mix under current policy as well as forecasts from the International Energy Agency for what the future electricity mix will look like as climate policies develop, the study authors were able to come up with a range of potential emissions reductions for each region. However, predicting how much the world's energy infrastructure will alter is tricky. In the United States, for example, President Joe Biden has set a target of achieving 100% sustainable electricity by 2035, but he still needs to implement the necessary regulations. The analysis also ignores non-climate-related environmental consequences such as mining and waste that may occur during the construction of the cars. EV Production Producing an electric vehicle is still slightly more carbon-intensive than building a conventional vehicle. Recycling electric vehicle batteries may help to reduce carbon emissions in the future. For the time being, however, EV drivers begin to realise the environmental benefits after a year or two of driving their vehicle. That's when the car reaches the point where the emissions it saves by running on cleaner electricity make it a better choice for the environment than a conventional car. Global Move The ICCT’s findings will help policymakers make more informed decisions about the future of transportation. Climate experts are rushing to bring global greenhouse gas emissions down to near zero by the middle of the century to avoid the worst effects of global warming. Electric vehicles are necessary to make those cuts happen, and even hybrid-electric vehicles aren’t clean enough to meet that goal. The conclusions of the ICCT will aid policymakers in making better judgments about the future of transportation. To avert the worst effects of global warming, climate researchers are racing to reduce global gas emissions to near zero by the middle of the century. Electric vehicles are required to achieve those reductions, and even hybrid-electric vehicles are insufficiently clean to achieve that target. Any vehicle powered by a combustion engine is incapable of delivering the gas reductions required to cope with climate change. This proves we must phase out combustion engine cars globally. Best Seller Tesla Model 3/Y Dashboard Cover
Analyze the NAFTA trade bloc Your assignment is to analyze the impact that two trade blocs have on globalization. You will analyze the NAFTA trade bloc as well as one additional trade bloc from the list below. To complete the assignment, you will write a minimum 4-page paper. When analyzing each trade bloc, discuss: • The history and formation of the trade bloc. • The role that the countries involved in the trade bloc play in the global economy. • The impact of belonging to the bloc on each country’s government. • The economic impact of the trade bloc on the countries involved. • What the alternatives to membership in the trade bloc are for its member countries. • What issues the trade bloc has with other trade blocs. • Whether or not the trade bloc or any countries in the trade bloc have had a conflict with the World Trade Organization (WTO) or brought any disputes to the WTO. • How the trade bloc impacts you as a consumer. Trade Blocs You will analyze NAFTA for the first trade bloc. For the second trade bloc, you may choose from, but are not limited to, the following trade blocs: Don't use plagiarized sources. Get Your Custom Essay on Analyze the NAFTA trade bloc Just from $13/Page Order Essay • European Union/EEA • CEFTA (Central European Free Trade Agreement) • CARICOM (Caribbean Community) • ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations • GAFTA (Greater Arab Free Trade Area) Conclude your paper by discussing how globalization via trade blocs has impacted political and economic systems. Additionally, state why America plays such an important role within global, political, and economic structures in the 21st century. You must incorporate outside research to complete this assignment. All research sources must be cited using MLA or APA format. and taste our undisputed quality.
Is the UK overpopulated? Some experts say 300,000. An extra 750,000 school places will be needed in England by 2025 because of growing population. … At 426 people/sq km, England is the most overcrowded large nation in Europe. Is the UK heavily populated? Britain is a relatively densely populated country: it is more than twice as densely populated as France (106 people per, nine times as densely populated as the USA (27 people per and 100 times as densely populated as Australia (2 people per United Kingdom All ages 58.8 million Females 30.2 million Why is the UK so populated? This large mountain range in Asia has low temperatures, poor soil quality and the slopes are too steep for people to live on and cultivate – and so it is sparsely populated. Other locations, such as parts of the UK, are more densely populated because they have flatter land, good soils and a mild climate. Is the UK population declining? The United Kingdom’s population growth rate in the year to mid-2020 dropped to 0.47% from 0.54% in the year to mid-2019, according to provisional data published by the Office for National Statistics on Friday. THIS IS INTERESTING: What does a pharmacist earn in the UK? Is England densely populated? Of the countries which make up the United Kingdom, England the most densely populated at 434 people per square kilometer. Scotland, by contrast, is the most sparsely populated country in the United Kingdom, with only 70 people per square kilometer. Why is Germany population so high? But experts agree that as well as refugees from war-zones and crisis-hit areas, economic immigrants from East Europe and other EU countries play an important role in Germany’s population growth. “EU migration was more significant than refugee migration in 2016,” said Thomas Liebig from the OECD. Is London a megacity? Can the UK feed itself after Brexit? Can the UK feed itself after Brexit? NO says Meurig Raymond, president of the NFU “We will never be self-sufficient in food production in the UK,” says Meurig Raymond, president of the NFU. Why is Scotland’s population so small? Scotland’s population is mainly contained in the arable lowlands. The reason for this is obvious. The area in which those 3-4 million people live is roughly the size of Wales. North of the central belt is mainly highlands, which has long, harsh winters when travel becomes difficult. Is the UK running out of space? UK ‘could run out of land by 2030’ as housing, food and energy compete for space. … There could be a shortfall of as much as 6 million hectares of land – three times the size of Wales – to meet the requirements of a series of policy aims as Britain’s population grows, the study found. THIS IS INTERESTING: When did us help Britain in ww2? What percentage of UK is black? Varied ethnic backgrounds Is New York bigger than London? What is the largest age group in the UK? In 2020, there were estimated to be around 3.87 million people aged between 50 and 54 living in England, the most of any age group. Those aged 30 to 34 comprised the next highest age group, at 3.82 million, while the age group with the fewest people was among those aged 90 and over. How many Muslims live in the UK? What are the 5 most densely populated countries? Is UK more densely populated than USA? Overall, the United Kingdom is the 51st most densely populated country on earth with a population of 64.1 million people living in 242,910 km2 (93,788 sq. … Thus, the UK is roughly 8 times more densely populated than the US. THIS IS INTERESTING: Question: How does the UK deal with snow? Foggy Albion
Can uremia give birth to children? Kidney is an important organ, which can filter out toxins in the body. If you have uremia, it means that your kidneys have lost their ability to filter. Uremia is a very serious disease, which must be actively treated with drugs to prolong the survival time. So, can women have children with uremia? Women suffering from uremia cannot have children, because if they suffer from uremia, many toxins will accumulate in their bodies, and renal hypertension will also occur. Therefore, many drugs must be used for treatment, and it is absolutely impossible to stop taking them, and these drugs will harm the fetus. Women taking uremic drugs during pregnancy will lead to abnormal fetal growth and development. In addition, uremic patients have abnormal metabolism, so there are a lot of toxins, which will also affect fetal development. Therefore, if a woman suffering from uremia is pregnant, it is not only easy to abort, but also may have fetal malformation and other problems. If women suffer from uremia, they should not only take drugs for a long time, but also have dialysis treatment regularly, such as hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Patients with uremia should control their water intake at ordinary times, because excessive drinking water will increase the burden on the kidneys, which in turn will aggravate their illness. At ordinary times, patients should choose to drink plain boiled water, and drink it slowly, and never drink too much. Leave a Reply
Electronic cigarettes Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), including electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), mods, vape pens, vapes, e-hookahs, and JUUL (a brand of e-cigarette), are battery-operated devices that have a chamber filled with chemicals. The heat from the battery turns the chemicals into a vapour. The vapour is inhaled by the user (which is called “vaping”). The use of these products has exploded, particularly amongst youth. Want to know more about electronic cigarettes and their risks? For all the information you will need go to and search “electronic cigarettes and vaping products”. Frequently Asked Questions E-cigarette use among teens and young adults Teens and young adults are especially at risk of becoming addicted and to the effects of nicotine. This is because their brains are still developing. Nicotine changes how the brain works. This is why so many teens and young adults try e-cigarettes. In 2017, 1 out of every 4 teens aged 15 to 19, and 3 out of every 10 young adults aged 20 to 24 said they had tried an e-cigarette. Advertisers know that marketing e-cigarettes makes teens and young adults more likely to want to try them. That’s also why the companies that make e-liquid add flavours. Quitting during COVID
Designing the Natural Garden by Elaine Rude, Master Gardener Are you getting ready to plant your home garden? Choosing which plants and flowers can be a challenge if you’ve never gardened before. Home owners new to gardening often struggle with choosing plants that are hardy for our climate. There are plenty of choices available but care must be taken to ensure the right plants are put in the right place. Well-designed gardens have a balance of key elements including sun exposure, soil and seasonality. We’ve put together a guide to help you plan the design and layout of your garden that will look beautiful all year round. 1. Sun Exposure First, assess the garden’s exposure: how much sun does it receive, which direction does it face, is it exposed to lots of wind and what is the soil like? Full sun is considered 6-8 hours. Afternoon and late day sun are much hotter so choosing plants that enjoy lots of heat will hold up well. Part sun is 4-6 hours with shade less than 4 hours. Full sun plants include such varieties as roses, potentilla, sedums, veronicas, and ornamental grasses. 2. Grouping & Layering Plants always grow in layered communities with each layer supporting the others. Slower growing trees and shrubs should be underplanted with a mix of perennials, annuals and groundcovers to keep soil covered while the woodier members get established. Pair plants that enjoy growing in similar conditions such as sun, shade, dry or moist. Plants are usually chosen for their extravagant colourful blooms but perennials have a relatively short blooming period so look at what else they can offer. Plants with interesting foliage, when intermingled together, can create season-long interest in between bloom phases. Interesting seed heads are attractive with most holding well over the winter. Grasses add lots of movement and some remain upright throughout the winter. When making plant selections avoid buying one of everything. Choose one or two architectural plants but the rest of the supporting characters should be planted in multiples. 3. Plan for Maturity Trees and shrubs are an investment so take some time to research potential candidates. Try and view mature ones to see what their ultimate shape and size will be. That little nursery pot specimen is going to grow so it’s important to choose ones that will not outgrow your space over time. Adding dwarf conifers to the garden is a great way to create winter interest. Just be aware that though slow growing they will also mature to be much larger so choose with care. 4. Create a Healthy Ecosystem A diverse mix of plantings creates a healthy ecosystem that is able to support itself without lots of interventions. Including plants that flower early in the Spring to late in the Fall will make the garden interesting as well as help support bees and butterflies. Use a mix of native and non-native perennials. Native perennials are acclimated to our climate and provide pollen and nectar to native insects. Non-native plants extend the bloom season thus increasing the amount of food available throughout summer and fall. The majority of insects are generalist feeders so will happily visit both. Avoiding herbicides and pesticides will keep these creatures healthy and happy. We hope this guide will help you start your gardening project this season! When you take the time to build a strong foundation and design, your garden will look beautiful all year long. We would love for you to share your gardening journey with us as you learn new things and watch your garden grow. Tag us on Instagram to share your garden! Images courtesy of Elaine Rude
What is a Government Auction? M.R. Anglin M.R. Anglin Businessman with a briefcase Businessman with a briefcase A government auction is an auction held by the government for the purpose of selling off surplus, seized, or unclaimed items. Many times, the items sold in a government auction can be bought for a cheaper price than in retail markets, which makes auctions an attractive choice for bargain hunters. Adding to the appeal is the fact that a variety of different kinds of products are available at these sales. In addition, the auction is available for virtually anyone to attend and participate in. The Internet has also done its part to make government auctions more accessible for eligible individuals. The price for items put up in a government auction is commonly subject to a reserve price. A reserve price is the lowest price the government is willing to accept for the item in question. Should the highest bid be lower than the reserve price, the government has the option to accept the low bid or to cancel the bid and try auctioning off the item again. The trick is that many government auctions will not disclose this minimum price to the public. One reason they may not disclose the amount is to attempt to obtain the highest amount they can for the item. In order to bid in a government auction, the bidder should be registered. Many auctions allow bidders to participate in an auction online, while others can be done in person. Once registered, the bidder can place his or her bids during the life of the auction. Should a bidder win the auction, he usually must pay for the items in full before removing them from the auction property. If he doesn’t pay for and remove the property by the time given, he could be in default and may have to pay even more in fees. It is possible to get several different types of products at a government auction. Some of these items include late model cars, electronics, jewelry, houses, and helicopters. The government sells these products for less than the retail price because they are items that need to be disposed of. Many times, the items are those that have been confiscated in a crime, are surplus, are obsolete, or have been abandoned. Instead of throwing these items away, the government can instead try to sell them to someone who wants them. You might also Like Readers Also Love Discuss this Article Post your comments Forgot password? • Businessman with a briefcase Businessman with a briefcase
Quick Answer: What Does The Federal Government Control? What are the main functions of federal and state governments? In addition, the Federal Government and state governments share these powers:Making and enforcing laws.Making taxes.Borrowing money.. What is the difference between federal and state government? In the United States, the government operates under a principle called federalism. Two separate governments, federal and state, regulate citizens. The federal government has limited power over all fifty states. State governments have the power to regulate within their state boundaries. Why does the US have a federal system of government? What are the roles and responsibilities of federal government? The Federal Government The Federal or Commonwealth Government is responsible for the conduct of national affairs. … The Federal Government is also involved, mainly through funding, in many things largely carried out by the States, such as health, education, environmental issues, industrial relations, etc. What does the US federal government control? Only the federal government can regulate interstate and foreign commerce, declare war and set taxing, spending and other national policies. … The Treasury Department’s duties, for example, include printing and regulating money. The president also serves as commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. What is the Canadian federal government responsible for? The federal government plays a huge role in Canadians’ lives — from the collection of taxes to the delivery of social services, and from the supervision of international trade to the safeguarding of national security. What is one major difference between state and federal courts? Federal courts hear cases involving violations of federal statutes, crimes committed on federal property or disputes between residents of different states. State courts hear cases involving violations of state laws or disputes between two or more residents of that state. What can the federal government do that states Cannot? Powers Reserved for the Federal Government Article I, Section 10 of the Constitution of the United States puts limits on the powers of the states. States cannot form alliances with foreign governments, declare war, coin money, or impose duties on imports or exports. What power does the federal government have over states? Concurrent powers are powers shared by the federal government and the states. Only the federal government can coin money, regulate the mail, declare war, or conduct foreign affairs. What are the 5 levels of government? Three levels of governmentFederal government. The decision-making body of the federal government is Federal Parliament, which consists of two houses – the House of Representatives and the Senate. … State and territory government. … Local government. What is the federal level of government? Which government system gives states the most power? FederalSystemLevel of CentralizationStrengthFederal (e.g., United States, Germany, Australia, Canada)MediumGives local governments more powerConfederate (e.g., Confederate States of America, Belgium)LowGives local/regional governments almost complete control1 more row What is an example of federal law? Federal laws are rules that apply throughout the United States. … Federal anti-discrimination and civil rights laws that protect against racial, age, gender and disability discrimination. Patent and copyright laws. Federal criminal laws such as laws against tax fraud and the counterfeiting of money. How do federal and state governments work together? City governments cooperate on common interests. Serving the Public • Federal government gives grants-in-aid and block grants to state and local governments. State and local governments assure citizens’ quality of life. Do states have the right to ignore federal law?
Google Flu Trends Posted by Andrew McGiffert \|05 Feb 13 \| 0 comments The 2013 flu season in the United States is forecasted to be a particularly harsh one due to the aggressive flu strain designated as H3N2 that is sweeping the nation and causing many to become hospitalized due to the symptoms, an epidemic status has been declared by the CDC. A virus reaches epidemic status when there is a rapid increase in infection in a localised area. However the CDC can only base its information on the patients that present to their doctors and hospitals with symptoms. CDC data does not necessarily capture the full picture of those that may have the virus but are not seeking medical treatment. Every week, millions of users around the world search for health information online. Google has found a close relationship between how many people search for flu-related topics and how many people actually have flu symptoms. Of course, not every person who searches for “flu” is actually sick, but a pattern emerges when all the flu-related search queries are added together. When compared with traditional flu surveillance systems Google found that many search queries tend to be popular exactly when flu season is happening. By counting how often these search queries are seen, it can be estimated how much flu is circulating in different countries and regions around the world. Below is the current google map for the United States, click on the graph to view further detail on the Google website. No Responses
Monthly case: Heart Rupture Covered Heart Rupture June cropped 2014 What is shown? The top photo shows the sac around the heart (pericardial sac) cut open and lifted to expose the sac filled with blood (star). The right lung is seen on the right. On the bottom left is the heart. A clamp has been inserted into the site of rupture. The tip of the clamp (actually inside the heart) is illustrated with dashed lines. On the bottom right is the clot that had escaped from inside the heart into the pericardial sac. What was the history here? This was a functional, active elderly woman who was days earlier released from the hospital after a heart attack. She collapsed at home. Paramedics were called and performed CPR, but she could not be resuscitated and died. Why did the family request an autopsy? The family was concerned that the mother died shortly after hospital discharge. They wondered if the hospital had released her “too soon” (i.e., that she should have stayed in the hospital for her safety and monitoring). What happened here? The heart broke open (ruptured) causing blood to escape into and fill the pericardial sac. How did this happen? This rupture was likely caused by CPR in combination with a weakened heart muscle wall from the patient’s heart attack. Cardiac rupture from CPR is a rare but known complication of this life-saving procedure. Rupture of the heart wall is also a known complication after a recent heart attack. The two can at times go together. What else can cause the heart muscle to rupture? Sometimes the heart muscle thins as it scars after a past heart attack from months or years prior. With large heart attacks, part of the heart muscle can scar to “paper thin” in some patients. This thin wall can rupture even without CPR. Why, in this case was CPR considered as a cause of the rupture? In this case there was considerable trauma to the chest wall and other areas of the heart that suggested the CPR was vigorous. Specifically, there were broken ribs on the left; and blood in the soft tissue underneath the breast bone. Lastly, there was bruising on the back of the heart. Since CPR is performed from the front, the force must have been strong enough to mash the back of the heart on back of the chest and cause this bruising. How did the autopsy help? The finding of heart rupture from the autopsy was new information for the family. Families often wish to know if “everything” was done to save the patient. Since heart rupture is severe and often causes death, it was clear that resuscitation efforts would not have resulted in “bringing back” the patient. “If only” concerns (e.g., “if only they had worked on her a little longer”) could be laid to rest as continued CPR would not repair a rupture. The autopsy also served to exclude other unanticipated causes of death (e.g. pulmonary embolism) and validated the family’s concerns regarding the heart itself. Thus, the autopsy’s definition of the medical issues allowed the family to move forward. Lastly, considering the complex processes here (the patient’s disease, hospital care, hospital discharge planning, cause of the collapse, timing and need for CPR, and heart rupture) allowed for a thorough discussion of the medical issues – always important in the bereavement process. Note: CPR is and remains an important and life-saving measure. CPR-related heart rupture is rare. Leave a Reply
What Is Ansible? Ansible is an open source IT Configuration Management, Deployment & Orchestration tool. It aims to provide large productivity gains to a wide variety of automation challenges. This tool is very simple to use yet powerful enough to automate complex multi-tier IT application environments. Why Do We Need Ansible? Let us take a little flashback to the beginning of networked computing when deploying and managing servers reliably and efficiently has been a challenge. Previously, system administrators managed servers by hand, installing software, changing configurations, and administering services on individual servers. As data centers grew, and hosted applications became more complex, administrators realized they couldn’t scale their manual systems management as fast as the applications they were enabling. It also hampered the velocity of the work of the developers since the development team was agile and releasing software frequently, but IT operations were spending more time configuring the systems. That’s why server provisioning and configuration management tools came to flourish. Consider the tedious routine of administering a server fleet. We always need to keep updating, pushing changes, copying files on them etc. These tasks make things very complicated and time consuming. But let me tell you that there is a solution to the above stated problem. The solution is — Ansible. Ansible Terms: • Controller Machine: The machine where Ansible is installed, responsible for running the provisioning on the servers you are managing. • Inventory: An initialization file that contains information about the servers you are managing. • Playbook: The entry point for Ansible provisioning, where the automation is defined through tasks using YAML format. • Task: A block that defines a single procedure to be executed, e.g. Install a package. • Module: A module typically abstracts a system task, like dealing with packages or creating and changing files. Ansible has a multitude of built-in modules, but you can also create custom ones. • Role: A pre-defined way for organizing playbooks and other files in order to facilitate sharing and reusing portions of a provisioning. • Play: A provisioning executed from start to finish is called a play. In simple words, execution of a playbook is called a play. • Facts: Global variables containing information about the system, like network interfaces or operating system. • Handlers: Used to trigger service status changes, like restarting or stopping a service Task Description📝 Restarting HTTPD Service is not idempotence in nature and also consume more resources.. Suggest a way to rectify this challenge in Ansible Playbook. 👉The following Ansible Playbook accomplishes the following tasks: • Mounts CDROM on a directory in the Target Node • Updates YUM repo list • Installs HTTPD server • Configures the service (including the changing of default Document Root) • Copies webpage from Controller Node to the Target Node • Exposes the port on which HTTPD server is running • Starts the service So Let’s write a playbook now for doing all this jobs - hosts: all - name: “Creating CDROM’s mount point.” path: “/dvd” state: directory - name: “Mounting CDROM” src: “/dev/cdrom” path: “dvd” state: mounted fstype: “iso9660” - name: “Creating yum repo 1” baseurl: “/dvd/AppStream” name: “DVDrepo1” description: “CDROM Repo 1” gpgcheck: no - name: “Creating yum repo 2” baseurl: “/dvd/BaseOS” name: “DVDrepo2” description: “CDROM Repo 2” gpgcheck: no - name: “Installing HTTPD Server” name: “httpd” state: present - name: “Creating new directory for root to configure HTTPD” state: directory path: “/var/www/myconf” - name: “Copying new conf file for HTTPD” src: “newconf.conf” dest: “/etc/httpd/conf.d/newconf.conf” - name: “Copying content to Document root” dest: “/var/www/myconf/myweb.html” content: “This is my webpage” - name: “Exposing the port” port: “8080/tcp” state: enabled permanent: yes immediate: yes - name: “Restarting HTTPD Service” shell: “/usr/sbin/httpd” register: startoutput changed_when: “‘already running’ not in startoutput.stdout” 📌Let’s now run the playbook ansible-playbook http_playbook.yml So we can see the HTTPD service is restarting Congrats. The work is done If you find it interesting please upvote it. Connect with me on LinkedIn \| GitHub Lifelong learning technologies
How to Grow and Care for a Persian Shield (S. Dyerianus) The Persian Shield or Strobilanthes Dyerianus is an indoor spectacle that shimmers in neon shades of purple, which are veined with green throughout the year. The colorful leaves sometimes outshine the flowers, especially having a strikingly bloom in winter, giving you a colorful spot throughout the year. This native of Myanmar (previously Burma) comes with six inches long leaves and will grow to a height of 3ft or 1meter, giving you an extravagantly colorful bush indoor throughout its life. To grow and care for a Persian Shield water it once a week or every ten days to keep the soil moist. However, do not soak the plant. Keep it under indirect bright light. Persian Shield requires warm temperatures above 60ºF/15.5ºC and high humidity levels. Its soil should be well-drained and have a pH between 5.5 and 7.5. The Persian Shield will only perform its dazzling purple neon show when you provide adequate care to your plant. It also rewards plant owners with beautiful spike flowers in autumn and winter when it is satisfied with the quality of care you provide. Here is a detailed guide on how to care for this gardening spectacle. Let’s go! Basic Care Guidelines Persian shields love moist soil at all times as long as it does not get soggy. It does not tolerate drought, requiring you to water it once each week or within ten days. Check the moisture levels an inch or two below the surface of the soil to ensure that it is wet. Pay special attention to watering during winter. Remember, while the plant flowers during this season, low temperatures mean that evaporation from the soil is limited. Reduce the amount and frequency of watering but do not allow the soil to dry because it will affect flowering. Mulching may help to maintain the right moisture without too much watering in summer. The Persian Shield is very sensitive to soggy soil and will begin having problems with root rot. Beyond providing sufficient water, ensure that the potting container provides sufficient drainage to protect your plant from getting soggy. Drainage could take away the nutrients that the plant requires to thrive. Adding grit or sand also makes the soil too porous such that it does not hold water. The best option is to use compost that holds water around the roots while still offering adequate aeration. The compost will also enhance the nutritional value of the soil, supporting this heavy feeder to produce bushy foliage. Balance watering with temperature and the amount of light. Where the water is limited, provide a shade. A heavily watered Persian Shield will require high temperatures and robust air circulation. The water should be at room temperature because cold water causes leaf spots. Persian shield loves damp air. It requires humidity levels from 50%-60% that are balanced with high temperatures and excellent air circulation. If the air around is too dry, the leaves will curl, lose their color, and eventually drop. The neon purple leaves require daily misting to keep them vibrant and colorful. This is an option for plant owners who love tending to plants daily and are not forgetful. Several days without misting could be disastrous to the leaves and could lead to the loss of the entire plant. Keep the plant away from AC vents and appliances that generate drafts. The drafts drain humidity around the plant, leaving the air dry. Therefore, all the misting you will have done and other interventions will be futile. A pebble tray around the plant will help to improve humidity. Water evaporates around the leaves to provide the perfect humid conditions. Your role will be to ensure that the tray never runs dry. It is a perfect option for the forgetful plant owners and those who love flowers indoors without the taxing duty of daily care. Plant grouping is also an option to trap the humidity around the leaves. However, the space around the pot must not be too crowded that it hides the spectacle of this showy plant. An electric humidifier is also an option worth exploring, but you must prepare for the cost. Use soft water for misting to protect the leaves from the chlorine that easily damages the leaves. Allow tap water to age for a day before using it for misting or watering. Other options include filtering or distilling misting water to eliminate the damaging impurities. Persian Shield thrives in rich and well-drained loam or sandy soil. The soil may be alkaline, neutral, or acidic but should have a pH between 5.5 and 7.5. While draining excess water, the soil must also hold enough nutrients for this heavy feeding plant. Peat moss is an excellent choice of potting material for Persian Shield. It only retains a reasonable amount of water yet allows the soil to breathe and hold nutrients. You can add it to your yard soil during potting to improve its quality. A half-share of perlite will also help to boost the quality of your potting mix. The robust growing Persian Shield requires enough soil in the pot to sustain the broad roots and foliage network. The plant grows to a width of up to 1meter and will rise to a meter as well. You will, thus, require a large container that can hold enough soil to support such a robust growing plant. Why would you keep such a colorful plant away from the light? The Persian Shield prefers bright light to shine on the leaves and activate its showy nature. It thrives when placed near the window where it can draw as much light as possible. Bright light should not translate into direct sunlight exposure. While you place the plant near the window, maintain a meter away from the windowpane. The distance allows the filtering of light coming directly from the sun. When growing outside, it can tolerate direct sun though the leaves will appear dusty and faded. It is best to grow it in a shaded area, especially where it can enjoy the morning and late afternoon sunlight. Provide shade during hot summer days to protect the leaves from scorching. High humidity will help to protect the leaves if you live in a sunny place. Therefore, the plant will require some misting or the use of a pebble dish at the bottom. A humidifier will also help to balance the hot sun by humidifying the flower regularly. Persian Shield requires regular rotation so that all leaves get enough sun. Failure to rotate the plant will result in a leggy plant as it tries to reach the sun. It will appreciate a position where it can receive light from all directions. Temperature is one of the elements that you will never have to worry about when growing the Persian Shield unless it gets to the extremes of freezing or scorching sun. It requires a warm-towards-hot environment between 60ºF/15.5ºC and 85ºF/29.4ºC. Temperature affects soil moisture, humidity, and the radiance of the leaves of a Persian Shield. The plant will also thrive based on the prevailing temperature. Moderate to a high temperature of up to 100ºF/37.7ºC promotes robust growth but must be complemented with high humidity, soil moisture, and fertility. Temperatures beyond 100ºF/37.7ºC will scorch the leaves. The Persian Shield also flowers when grown in moderately high temperatures even though it waits for autumn and winter to bloom. Low temperature also demands reduced lighting and will reduce the rate of maturity for your plant. The temperatures should never go below 50ºF/10ºC. This is why you are advised to bring the plant inside during winter. Remember that it does not go into full-blown dormancy and will, therefore, require some warmth to bloom. Advanced Care The colorful Persian Shield will produce spectacular leaves and flowers when you press the right button during care. Special attention to such care points as fertilization, pruning, and repotting, among others, will produce a spectacular flower. Here are a few advanced tips that will give you attention-grabbing flower indoor. Let’s continue. Persian Shield produces robust foliage and has a dense root structure that will require considerable feeding. The potting mixture must, therefore, provide sufficient nutrients to support the intense growing plant. Add plenty of compost because it holds sufficient nutrients and releases them slowly for the roots. Persian Shield requires fertilizer application during autumn and winter when it thrives. These are also the seasons when it flowers, requiring more fertilizer. Reduce fertilizer during spring and summer to avoid overfeeding. Because the Persian Shield is sensitive to soil composition, it is advisable to avoid granular fertilizers that would result in the chemical buildup. Use liquid fertilizer diluted to half-measure to ease absorption and protect the soil. Compost is one of the best fertilizers to use on Persian Shield because it plays the triple role of enhancing nutrient composition, boosting aeration, and promoting better drainage. It almost feels painful to cut these glorious leaves. However, pruning will add to the overall beauty of your plant. Too much foliage and such incidences as overfeeding or low lighting result in a leggy Persian Shield. Your indoor spectacle will turn into an eyesore if you fail to prune it regularly. The best time to prune the Persian Shield is early spring to encourage bushy and fresh foliage. Warm temperatures around these seasons also hasten healing, helping your plant to recover faster. Cut the old and faded leaves that damage the appearance of your flower. In case your plant is attacked by pests or diseases, this is the time to eliminate the affected stalks. The sensitive Persian Shield requires particular soils, free from chemical buildup or sogginess. Sogginess causes problems with root rot, while chemicals from fertilizers or water will affect nutrient availability. If you take care of fertilization and watering, the need for repotting will reduce significantly. The fast-growing Persian Shield will also overgrow the original pot within a year or two. Strong growing roots also demand perennial repotting. Hence, repotting is also used to reduce the speed of growth and control the size of your flower. Use a fresh potting mix to improve the quality of your soil and nutrient availability. Dip the roots in water to shed off as much soil without disturbing the roots. Place the plant in the middle of the pot and pour the potting mixture. Add water and place the new pot in a warm but shaded area. The best time to repot your Persian Shield is the warm months of spring and summer. Persian Shield is propagated using seeds or cutting. However, since flowering is rare, cuttings would be the best option. It is done between spring and summer when it is warm enough to promote rooting. Cut a slice of the stem around the middle and remove the leaves. Place it on water or in moist soil. It will take two to three weeks for roots to emerge without the assistance of rooting hormones. Pest Prevention Persian Shield is quite resistant to diseases but susceptible to pests. The most common pests are spider mites and fungus gnats. The mites pierce holes on the leaves, causing spots, yellowing, and your plant’s eventual death. You will need pesticides to deal with the mites that could burrow in the soil. Frequently Asked Questions about Persian Shield (Strobilanthes Dyeriana) Is Persian Shield Annual or Perennial? It can be grown as an annual house plant in a cooler climate or as a perennial house plant in the hot regions. It will, therefore, depend on where you are growing it and the kind of care you provide. Is the Persian Shield toxic to pets? It might cause minimal distress when ingested but not enough to be regarded as toxic. It may also cause slight irritation on the skin when the pets come into contact with its sap. Will my Persian Shield root in water? Warm water enhanced with rooting hormones will help your Persian Shield to root. Why is my Persian Shield Turning brown? Check whether the soil is too dry. The sun or heat might be too much that they are burning the leaves. Spider mites could also have infected your plant, and it might be on its way to dying. What are the good companion plants for Persian Shield? The plants must prefer similar conditions to what the Persian Shield preferably humidity, temperature, and heat. These plants include Pretoria Canna, Fiery Red Coleus, Brug Peaches, and Calathea Louiseii. However, you can make your unique combination because there is a wide range of plants that can tolerate similar conditions. Sebastian Moncada I’m also a plant enthusiast and researcher. I’ve been privileged to have lived my whole life around the wilderness of Colombia and I’m happy to share everything I learn along the way. “Adopt the pace of nature. Her secret is patience” – Emerson. Recent Posts
Rhabdomyolysis is a serious syndrome due to a direct or indirect muscle injury. It results from the death of muscle fibers and release of their contents into the bloodstream. This can lead to serious complications such as renal failure. This means the kidneys cannot remove waste and concentrated urine. Rhabdomyolysis Causes There are many traumatic and non-traumatic causes of rhabdomyolysis. Traumatic causes include: • A crush injury such as from an auto accident, fall, or building collapse • Long-lasting muscle compression such as that caused by prolonged immobilization after a fall or lying unconscious on a hard surface during illness or while under the influence of alcohol or medication • Electrical shock injury, lightning strike, or third-degree burn • Venom from a snake or insect bite Non-traumatic causes include: • The use of alcohol drugs such as heroin, cocaine or amphetamines • Extreme muscle strain, especially in someone who is an untrained athlete • The use of medications such as antipsychotics or statins, especially when given in high doses • A very high body temperature or heat stroke • Viral infections such as the flu, HIV, or herpes simplex virus • Bacterial infections leading to toxins in tissues or the bloodstream A previous history of rhabdomyolysis also increases the risk of having rhabdomyolysis again. Rhabdomyolysis Signs and Symptoms Signs and symptoms of rhabdomyolysis may be hard to pinpoint. This is largely true because the course of rhabdomyolysis varies, depending on its cause. And, symptoms may occur in one area of the body or affect the whole body. The ‘classic triad’ of rhabdomyolysis symptoms are: muscle pain in the shoulders, thighs, or lower back; muscle weakness or trouble moving arms and legs; and dark red or brown urine or decreased urination. Keep in mind that half of people with the condition may have no muscle-related symptoms. Other common signs of rhabdomyolysis include: • Abdominal pain • Nausea or vomiting • Fever, rapid heart rate • Confusion, dehydration, fever, or lack of consciousness Blood tests for creatine kinase (CK), a product of muscle breakdown, can help diagnose rhabdomyolysis. Common complications of rhabdomyolysis include very high levels of potassium in the blood, which can lead to an irregular heartbeat or cardiac arrest and kidney damage (which occurs in up to half of patients). Compartment syndrome may also occur after fluid resuscitation. This teaching session was based on a patient who had been spinning for the first time, had thigh pain and dark urine and an extremely high CK. His rhabdomyolysis developed into bi-lateral compartment syndrome and 6 hours after arrival in ED he was on ITU post-surgery after having a bi-lateral fasciotomy. Rhabdomyolysis Treatments Early diagnosis and treatment of rhabdomyolysis and its causes are keys to a successful outcome. You can expect full recovery with prompt treatment. Treatment with intravenous (IV) fluids helps maintain urine production and prevent kidney failure. Management of electrolyte abnormalities (potassium, calcium and phosphorus) helps protect the heart and other organs. Most causes of rhabdomyolysis are reversible. If rhabdomyolysis is related to a medical condition, such as diabetes or a thyroid disorder, appropriate treatment for the medical condition will be needed. And if rhabdomyolysis is related to a medication or drug, its use will need to be stopped or replaced with an alternative. * * * * * Leave a Reply WordPress.com Logo Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s A WordPress.com Website. Up ↑ %d bloggers like this:
How to learn anything Ted Nelson is a computing genius. Although he denies it, he predicted and described the world wide web in the 1960s. He’s the guy who coined the term "hypertext" in 1963. Incidentally, he’s also responsible for possibly the world’s longest software gestation. Project Xanadu was started in 1960. A prototype was demonstrated in 1972 and something finally shipped earlier on this year. In his 1974 book Dream Machines there’s a section called "How to Learn Anything". It’s an interesting read [all typos are my own]: A lot of people are afraid to ask questions because they’re afraid of looking dumb. But the dumb thing is not asking questions. If I ever get my school, the one course will be As far as I can tell, these are the techniques used by bright people who want to learn something other than by taking courses in it. It’s the way PhD’s pick up a second field; it’s the way journalists and "geniuses" operate; it brings the general understandings of a field that children of eminent people in that field get as a birthright; it’s the way anybody can learn anything, if he has the nerve. 1. DECIDE WHAT YOU WANT TO LEARN. But you can’t know exactly, because of course you don’t know exactly how any field is structured until you know all about it. 3. GRAB FOR INSIGHTS. Regardless of points others are trying to make, when you recognize an insight that has meaning for you, make it your own. It may have to do with the shape of molecules, or the personality of a specific emperor, or the quirks of a Great Man in the Field. Its importance is not how central it is, but how clear and interesting and memorable to you. REMEMBER IT. Then go for another. 4. TIE INSIGHTS TOGETHER. Soon you will have your own string of insights in a field, like the string of lights around a Christmas tree. 7. GO TO CONVENTIONS. For some reason, conventions are a splendid concentrated way to learn things; talking to people helps. Don’t think you have to be anybody special to go to a convention; just plunk down your money. But you have to have a handle. Calling yourself a Consultant is good; "Student" is perfectly honorable. 8. "FIND YOUR MAN." Somewhere in the world is someone who will answer your questions extraordinarily well. If you find him, dog him. He may be a janitor or a teenage kid; no matter. Follow him with your begging bowl, if that’s what he wants, or take him to expensive restaurants, or whatever. 9. KEEP IMPROVING YOUR QUESTIONS. Probably in your head there are questions that don’t seem to line up what you’re hearing. Don’t assume that you don’t understand; keep adjusting the questions till you can get an answer that relates to what you wanted. 10. YOUR FIELD IS BOUNDED WHERE YOU WANT IT TO BE. Just because others group and stereotype things in conventional ways does not mean they are necessarily right. Intellectual subjects are connected every whichway; your field is what you think it is. (Again, this is one of the things that will give you insights and keep you motivated; but it will get you into trouble if you try to go for degrees.) There are limitations. This doesn’t give you lab experience, and you will continually have to be making up for gaps. But for alertness and the ability to use his mind, give me the man who’s learned this way, rather than been blinkered and clichéd to death within the educational system. Wilmar Shiras, Children of the Atom. Science-Fiction about what a school could be like where kids really used their minds. I’ve always been sure it was possible; the R.E.S.I.S.T.O.R.S. (see p. 47) made me surer. (c) Ted Nelson, 1974 It’s a fantastic book. You should do whatever you can to get hold of a copy. One response to “How to learn anything” 1. My 80 great-grandmother told me points 1 & 2 when I was 8 tears old. I have never been the same since. I remember taking things apart which drove my mother insane. I have always been able to get people to show me things because I was willing to ask questions.
Karin Appenzeller Karten 52 Karten Lernende 1 Lernende Sprache English Stufe Universität Erstellt / Aktualisiert 06.10.2015 / 06.10.2015 Lizenzierung Keine Angabe 0 Exakte Antworten 52 Text Antworten 0 Multiple Choice Antworten Fenster schliessen Constitution: Basic Facts - framework - function: describes individual liberties (civil liberties) + right - written & signed in 1787 - what is special? oldest written & still existing constitution; US established with constitution (history existed before) - survived because it's vague + flexible + short Fenster schliessen Constitution: Examples of constitutional questions 1. religion 2. internet privacy 3. national security vs. civil liberties 4. same sex-marriage 5. size of government 6. election of president Fenster schliessen Constitution: Different Voices George Washington: "not gonna last" James Madison (one of writers): "not lose sight of changes to make it last" Fenster schliessen Constitution: Historical Context & famous settlements Colonies in New World (16th, 17th, 18th) - Famous British settlements: 1607 Jamestown / Virginia -> reason of commerce 1620 Plymouth / Massachussets -> religious reasons Brit. Colonies = Some of the freest people in 17th, moving towards a more representative form of gov. Fenster schliessen Original States 13 colonies established between 1607-1733 Fenster schliessen Political Freedom in Colonies English Civil War: 1640 - 1660 -> Charles I executed (König vs. Parlament), zeitweiligie Abschaffung der Monarchie Glorious Revolution 1688: constitutional monarchy established (no absolute monarchs, parliament gained power) English Bill Of Rights: 1689 - Colonists have written compact forms of self governments (rights) - Mayflower (Puritans), Virginia Declaration of Rights etc. Fenster schliessen U.S Revolution Decleration of Independence: July 4, 1776 = indpendent country based on John Locke's ideas: "life, liberty, pursuit of happiness" (people are born with natural rights) - war, reaction to document, Brit vs US, violent break - government protects rights, but does not give rights: -> if it fails people have duty to rise up -> people give gov. permission to exist = consent of the governed Fenster schliessen Content of Declaration of Independence - 1st paragrapgh: why they break away from UK - balance of power is going to be shifted - God references don't refer to Christians God, they believe in scientific principles - pursuit of happiness = being able to use your potential
How to Stop Over Eating Share on facebook Share on pinterest Share on twitter Share on google Share on whatsapp Share on email How to Stop Over Eating How to Stop Over Eating? First, define what is overeating! Overeating is an excess food consumed concerning the energy that the human body expends. It can lead to gain weight loss and obesity. It is also called an eating disorder. If you want to control overeating, then it can only be achieved by self-control. It is a prevalent habit to take in calories throughout the day. As a result of overeating, you may gain weight. Further, some chronic diseases like heart diseases and diabetes may occur due to overweight as well as overeating. So over eating is a popular bad habbit and now you can stop it. Check the following 15 best ways to stop over eating. 15 Best Ways to Control the Overeating or How To Stop Over Eating Many people struggle with overeating, so If you are looking for some ways to stop overeating, then we are going to describe 15 best ways to stop overeating. These are common ways that every person can follow it to control overeating and maintain a healthy life. Healthcare professionals like psychologists, doctors, or registered dietitians can also suggest these common ways to control the overeating. 1. Get Rid of Distractions 2. Know Your Weaknesses 3. Avoid Eating From Containers 4. Reduce Stress 5. Practice Mindful Eating 6. Eat Fiber-Rich Foods 7. Eat Regular Meals 8. Fill up on Protein 9. Stabilize Your Blood Sugar Levels 10. Slow Down 11. Watch Your Alcohol Intake 12. Sugary Beverages With Waterin With Yourself 13. The Diet Mentality 14. Break Old Habits 15. Break Old Habits (1) Get Rid of Distractions When you are taking lunch in front of the computer or during a personal television program, it is so eating while distracted is a common habit of many people. Although this habit is not harmless, it can cause overeating. As per studies, it has been found that distraction during a meal can lead people to consume more calories at that meal. If we compare the over consumption of food, then distraction can cause overall more consumption of food. So you can make your best efforts to turn off all potential distractions like computers, phones, and magazines so that you may give full concentration on your meal. It will help you to eat less and prevent overeating. (2) Know Your Weaknesses You can point out the food which can help you to limit the chances of overeating. For example, if you have a habit of eating ice cream every night, then you can stop keeping ice cream in your freezer at home. When there is no ice cream in the fridge, then you can avoid it to eat the ice cream at night. Prepare the sliced apple with peanut butter to reduce the body weight. You can also keep out unhealthy food like candy, cookies, and chips out of sight. You can identify all those items of food that you cannot resist. Keep those items out of the home and try to adopt some healthy habits. (3) Avoid Eating From Containers How to Stop Over Eating How to Stop Over Eating You can also avoid eating from containers to control overeating. If you eat chips out of the bag, ice cream out of the carton, then you will consume more instead of serving on a plate or in a bowl. You should measure out the serving size for a week. So we can say that you can control eating by eating a portion of food instead of eating food straight from the package. (4) Reduce Stress Stress can cause overeating as people eat more during stress and consume more calories in a day. So you can control overeating by finding some ways to reduce the stress in your life as the stress can drive up the levels of cortisol, which is responsible for increasing the appetite. So one of the critical steps to overcome overeating is to reduce the level of stress in your daily life. You can identify all those items of food that you cannot resist. Keep those items out of the home and try to adopt some healthy habits. (5) Practice Mindful Eating You can choose the mindful eating technique to prevent overeating as this practice can focus on the importance of the present moment and thoughts while consuming food. It has been clear from many studies that mindful eating is the best way to reduce overeating. These mindfulness practices may include • Eating slowly • Taking small bites • Chewing • Awareness of senses • Appreciation of food (6) Eat Fiber-Rich Foods You can eat the food that is rich in fiber like beans, vegetables, and oats. People who eat fiber-rich food like oatmeal for breakfast can lose body weight. You can add beans to your salad, and eating vegetables at every meal can help you to reduce the amount of consumption of food. (7) Eat Regular Meals When people try to lose body weight, they cut out a meal to decrease the number of calories. For example, you don’t take breakfast, and then you will eat more later in a day. So if you eat regularly, it will be better than skipping meals at any time. Studies show that eating more frequently throughout the day can decrease hunger and overall food intake. So it would be best if you took a regular meal to overcome the habits of overeating. Studies show that eating more frequently throughout the day can decrease hunger and overall food intake. So it would be best if you took a regular meal to overcome the habits of overeating. (8) Fill up on Protein Proteins can help to keep you full throughout the day, and it will help to decrease the desire to overeat. For example, if you eat high protein breakfast, it will reduce your hunger and snacking later in a day. If you eat eggs at breakfast, it will help to lower the level of Ghrelin. As we all know, Ghrelin is a hormone that is responsible for stimulating hunger. Further adding a high protein snack like Greek yogurt can also help to eat less throughout the day. This will help you stop over eating. (9) Stabilize Your Blood Sugar Levels If you eat white bread, cookies, candy, and other carbohydrates, it will disturb your blood sugar level. The fluctuations in blood sugar can promote hunger as well as a result in overeating. So you should choose the food with lower glycemic indexes as it will prevent the blood sugar spikes and hence reduces the overeating. You can also want to eat beans, rice, and oats for this purpose. (10) Slow Down If people eat too quickly, it may cause you to overeat and can create to gain bodyweight. Slow eating can cause increased fullness and decrease hunger. So take the time to chew food to reduce the overall food intake and increase the feeling of fullness. So by focusing on eating slowly and chewing thoroughly will help you to recognize signs of fullness and reduce overeating. (11) Watch Your Alcohol Intake If you drink alcohol, it may cause you to overeat by lowering your inhabitation and stimulating your appetite. If you take several drinks in one sitting, it will lead to an increase in the level of hunger. So cut back the amount of alcohol will help to reduce the overeating. (12) Replace Sugary Beverages With Water If people drink sugary beverages like juice and soda, it will lead to weight gain and increase the chances of chronic diseases like diabetes. Studies show that consuming sweet drinks with meals can lead to overeating. Further, the research also shows that adults who drink sugary beverages with meals consumed 7.8 % more food as compared to those people who consume water with meals. So avoid drinking sugary beverages to control the overeating habits. (13) Check-in With Yourself If you overeat, then think about yourself and understand the urge to eat. There are two factors like depressions and boredom, which are linked to overeating. There are some actions needed to break the cycle. If you take a new activity to enjoy, it will help to prevent boredom and distract you from the urge to nibble. If you feel depression is causing the habits of overeating, then you can get some guidance from mental health professionals. (14) Ditch the Diet Mentality If you eat fad diets, it will not help to stop overeating in the long run. In the short term, restrictive diets can lead to weight loss, but it can cause problems for you in the future. Instead, make some long term style changes that will promote your health and wellness. It is the best way to create a good relationship with food and prevent the habits of overeating. (15) Break Old Habits Food habits are not easy to break. Many people feel comfortable to eat in front of the TV. Although it may take some time to identify unhealthy behaviors and control them. Y to adopt some healthy habit which will help you to control overeating. For example, try to eat at the dinner table instead of in front of a meal. These are some suggestions for those people who are worried about overeating and increased body weight. Increased body weight can also affect human health like heart attack and diabetes. So if people follow the above suggestions, they may be able to control the habits of overeating and maintain reasonable body weight. So if you keep on eye on these 15 points you are more likely will stop over eating. Scroll to Top
Tag Archives: grammar Good Grammar 101: The Essential Guide 10 Steps to Keep Your Editor From Killing You Good grammar is like good hygiene. Grammar Rules Grammar Exercises Source: thewritepractice.com Visit us at First Edition Design Publishing Grammar Rules: Fewer vs. Less Fewer vs. Less? Which is Correct? He has fewer books than his best friend has. Less is used when the amount of something cannot be counted: He has less interest in reading than his best friend has. Fewer or Less By Melissa Donovan Source: writingforward.com Visit us at First Edition Design Publishing Direct and Indirect Quotations When you’re reporting exactly what somebody said—a direct quotation—you put the word or words in quotation marks Let’s figure out when you need to put single words such as “yes” and “no” in quotation marks. It all boils down to whether you’re dealing with a direct quotation or an indirect quotation. Direct Quotations A direct quotation is when you’re directly quoting what someone said—word-for-word, not paraphrasing. You put direct quotations in quotation marks. So if you were hanging out with Squiggly in Ghirardelli Square, and you asked him if he wanted some chocolate covered cashews, and he looked at you with big eyes and simply said, “Yes!” you could later report to Aardvark that Squiggly said, “Yes,” and you’d put that in quotation marks since that’s exactly what he said. Indirect Quotations An indirect quotation is when you’re reporting what someone said, but not exactly. You’re paraphrasing, and you don’t need to put indirect quotations in quotation marks. Let’s imagine again that you were hanging out with Squiggly in Ghirardelli Square, but this time when you asked him if he wanted some chocolate covered cashews, he said, “Oh my gosh, you can’t imagine how much I want chocolate covered cashews. I was just looking at them and drooling. Thank you!” You might report again to Aardvark that you offered Squiggly chocolate covered cashews and he said yes, but this time you wouldn’t put “yes” in quotation marks because Squiggly didn’t actually say the word “yes.” You’re just paraphrasing his dramatically positive response. Sometimes it can be a little confusing to decide whether to use quotation marks, but remember that the trick is to figure out whether the person literally said the words “yes” or “no,” in which case you need quotation marks, or if you are just conveying the general sense of a positive or negative response, and in that case, you don’t need quotation marks. More Examples If you are directly quoting someone, put the word in quotation marks: • Sarah smiled and said, “Yes.” • I looked up from my desk and said, “No, you can’t have a cookie.” If you are indirectly quoting someone, don’t put the word in quotation marks: • He wondered whether Sarah would say yes. • I looked up from my desk and told him no, he couldn’t have a cookie. By Mignon Fogarty Source: quickanddirtytips.com Visit us at First Edition Design Publishing The Surprising Truth About Split Infinitives What is an infinitive? First off: what’s an infinitive? Here’s an example: Infinitive: to snuggle And that’s where all this trouble starts . . . What is a split infinitive? It’s exactly what it sounds like: Want some examples? Try these: I want to really understand what you’re saying. Or this famous example: Why shouldn’t you split infinitives? When should you obey the rule? Take a look at this example: I really want to understand what you’re saying. To go boldly where no man has gone before. To split or to not split? Don’t worry By Alice Sudlow and Liz Bureman Source: thewritepractice.com Visit us at First Edition Design Publishing Grammar Rules: Capitalization Capitalization of Titles Capitalization of Acronyms • The acronym for Writing Forward would be WF. First Word of a Sentence Capitalization of Proper Nouns Proper Noun Capitalization Example Capitalization of Web and Internet Common Capitalization Errors Here’s correct capitalization of our example: What about Capitalization for Job Titles? • Have you ever met a president? • Did you vote for president? • Do you want to become the president? • Nice to meet you, Mr. President. • I read a book about President Lincoln. Grammar Rules! By Melissa Donovan Source: writingforward.com Visit us at First Edition Design Publishing Is It Okay To End A Sentence With A Preposition? What Is a Preposition? To sum up: I fed the cats at seven this morning. Pamela will clean the seven litter boxes in the evening. Is Ending a Sentence With a Preposition Bad? The Problem With Following the Rule It’s okay to end a sentence with a preposition. That being said, there are a few caveats. When It’s NOT Okay to End a Sentence With a Preposition Ditch Dryden (Or Don’t) Is this claim controversial? You bet. By Alice Sudlow and Liz Bureman Source: thewritepractice.com Visit us at First Edition Design Publishing Is It Plural or Possessed? When to Use Apostrophe -S Is it plural or is it owned? If you’re showing ownership, then you’ll usually add apostrophe -s to the word. You have a dog. Your dog has a collar. That is the dog’s collar. If something (collar) belongs to something else (dog), it is given the apostrophe -s to show possession. Apostrophe -S and the Word It One of the most common spelling mistakes happens with the word it, especially when people try to indicate possession. Should you add the apostrophe -s or not? When does it take apostrophe -s and when does it just take an s? The Exception to the Rule What About It’s? Remembering the Punctuation Rules for Apostrophe -S Remembering the rules is easy. All you have to do is remember that if there’s ownership or possession, then the word should take apostrophe -s. If there are many (the word is plural), then just an “s” will do. If a word is both plural and possessed, it gets an followed by an apostrophe. And for the word “it,” the rules are reversed. Grammar and Exceptions By Melissa Donovan Source: writingforward.com Visit us at First Edition Design Publishing 12 Mistakes Nearly Everyone Who Writes About Grammar Mistakes Makes Publisher – Aggregator – Master Distributor Posted: 11/20/2013 5:06 pm on Huffington Post 6. Failing to discuss exceptions to rules. Invented usage rules often ignore the complexities of actual usage. Lists of rules such as these go a step further and often ignore the complexities of those rules. For example, even if you follow the that/which rule, you need to know that you can’t use that after a preposition or after the demonstrative pronounthat — you have to use a restrictive which. Likewise, the less/fewer rule is usually reduced to statements like “use fewer for things you can count,” which leads to ugly and unidiomatic constructions like “one fewer thing to worry about.” Affect and effect aren’t as simple as some people make them out to be, either; affect is usually a verb and effect a noun, but affect can also be a noun (with stress on the first syllable) referring to the outward manifestation of emotions, while effect can be a verb meaning to cause or to make happen. Sometimes dumbing down rules just makes them dumb. 7. Overestimating the frequency of errors. The writer of this list says that misuse ofnauseous is “Undoubtedly the most common mistake I encounter.” This claim seems worth doubting to me; I can’t remember the last time I heard someone say “nauseous.” Even if you consider it a misuse, it’s got to rate pretty far down the list in terms of frequency. This is why linguists like to rely on data for testable claims — because people tend to fall prey to all kinds of cognitive biases such as the frequency illusion. And a bonus mistake: Jonathon Owen is a copy editor and language writer with a master’s degree in linguistics from Brigham Young University. He blogs about usage, editing, and linguistics at Arrant Pedantry, where this post first appeared. Follow Jonathon Owen on Twitter: www.twitter.com/ArrantPedantry Visit: www.firsteditiondesignpublishing.com 7 Movie-Title Mistakes #FED_ebooks #writer #indieauthor #screenplay First Edition Design Publishing 7 Movie-Title Mistakes One does not rely on the entertainment industry to model proper grammar and punctuation, but is it too much to expect that movie titles make grammatical sense? Evidently, it is; filmmakers and film studio marketing staff have more important things to do than ensure that titles correctly use hyphens and apostrophes, appropriately employ punctuation marks, and form verbs properly, as these movie posters demonstrate. An early poster for The 40-Year-Old Virgin omitted the first hyphen, resulting in a title that didn’t make sense. If it were plural, it could refer to twoscore twelve-month-old babies, but that’s rather complicated. Fortunately, later versions were corrected, and moviegoers were left with a comforting correlation between a photograph of Steve Carell’s dorky-looking title character and a that-figures movie title. The title of the horror-comedy Eight Legged Freaks appears to refer to an octet of people who may be otherwise abnormal but are equipped with legs. However, as an epithet for unusually large and aggressive spiders (apparently based on an ad lib from the star of the film, which originally bore the title Arac Attack), it should read Eight-Legged Freaks; the wordseight and legged must — outside of Hollywood, that is — be hyphenated to signal that they combine as a single term modifying freaks. Shrink, shrank, shrunk. Shrink, shrank, shrunk. I always have to look that kind of stuff up — a strategy the makers of this film could have easily employed to produce a grammatically correct title. Depending on where Rick Moranis’s character is in the child-miniaturizing process at the pertinent time, the title should be Honey, I Will Shrink the Kids, Honey, I Shrank the Kids, or Honey, I Have Shrunk the Kids. This man belongs to the ladies. He is in their possession. Ladies claim ownership of this man. He is a ladies’ man. Ladies, is this your man? A citizen who abides by the law is a law-abiding citizen; law and abiding are connected by a hyphen to show that together, they describe the particular type of citizen ostensibly featured in this film (in reality, the protagonist is a law-flouting citizen — but that’s Hollywood for you). The lack of a hyphen is excusable in display type on a movie poster or in the film’s credits, but when it is omitted on promotional materials as well, the producers are not law-abiding filmmakers. When you plan to resign from a job, it’s customary to give notice two weeks in advance of your planned departure date. You give a notice of two weeks. The two weeks “belong” to the notice, so it’s “two weeks’ notice” (or “a two-week notice,” though the other form is much more common). This title is a question. The source material for the film is a novel titled Who Censored Roger Rabbit? So, why does the movie title not include a question mark? Some sources claim that filmmakers have a superstition that titles so adorned do poorly at the box office. Tell that to What’s Up, Doc?Whatever Happened to Baby Jane?Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, and, more recently,O Brother, Where Art Thou?, among others. This film did very well, but I think would have been just as successful with the perilous punctuation mark. Defenders will say the title is shorthand for “Find Out Who Framed Roger Rabbit,” but that requires logical contortions not even the rubber-limbed title character can manage. http://www.dailywritingtips.com by Mark Nichol About First Edition Design Publishing: Ebook Publishing Design Edition First Graphic Aggregators Ebooks Publishers Distribution POD Designing Approved Aggregator How Services Academic Distributor Chapter Submission Professional Firsteditiondesignpublishing.com published book market First Edition Design Publishing is the world’s largest eBook and POD (Print On Demand) book distributor. Ranked first in the industry, First Edition Design Publishing converts and formats manuscripts for every type of platform (e-reader). They submit Fiction, Non-Fiction, Academic and Children’s Books to Amazon, Apple, Barnes and Noble, Sony, Google, Kobo, Diesel, 3M, Ingram, Baker and Taylor, Nielsen, EBSCO, and over 100,000 additional on-line locations including retailers, libraries, schools, colleges and universities. The company’s POD division creates printed books and makes them available worldwide through their distribution network. First Edition Design Publishing is a licensed and approved Aggregator and holds licenses with Apple and Microsoft. Visit: www.firsteditiondesignpublishing.com First Edition Design eBook Publisher Aggregator Master Distrbutor
Understanding reproductive related symptoms and features The reproductive system is made up of the organs of the body necessary for the reproductive process. In a female these organs include the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and the ovaries. In a male these organs include the penis, testes, spermatic ducts, sex glands and the scrotum. Symptoms affecting the reproductive system are generally congenital, present at birth, but may develop later. Symptoms relating to the organs of the reproductive system may affect their structure and function including their ability to reproduce, other times they may simply affect the shape or appearance of the organ, without any impact on fertility. What is Cryptorchidism? When one or both testes are missing from the scrotum and are in the inguinal canal instead. This differs from a retracted teste, which can generally be moved down if necessary. What should I do next? Get Faster and More Accurate Genetic Diagnosis! More than 250,000 patients successfully analyzed! Start Here! Paula and Bobby Parents of Lillie What is FDNA Telehealth? Benefits of FDNA Telehealth FDNA icon FDNA icon FDNA icon Ease of Use FDNA icon Accuracy & Precision FDNA icon Value for FDNA icon Privacy & Security FDNA Telehealth can bring you closer to a diagnosis. Schedule an online genetic counseling meeting within 72 hours!
middle ages n. Skip this Video Loading SlideShow in 5 Seconds.. Middle Ages PowerPoint Presentation Download Presentation Middle Ages Middle Ages 70 Vues Download Presentation Télécharger la présentation Middle Ages Presentation Transcript 1. Middle Ages Abigail 2. Feudal System The feudal system was the basic government system in the Middle Ages. Under this system, land was granted to people for services. The center of life in the Middle Ages was the manor (a large house or castle) which was run by the local Lord. The King divided up land among the Barons in exchange for knights. A Baron’s land was called a fief. The fief was divided between Lords, who ran manors. Lords were Knights, who could be called into battle at any time by their Baron. The Knights, or Lords, kept some of the land for themselves and shared the rest among peasants, who farmed it. The peasants provided services or payments to the knights in exchange for protection. King Knights Peasants 3. Knights and Squires Squires were boys, 14 and older, that are training to become a knight. Some of their duties were to hand weapons to a knight, cleaning armor, and dressing a knight in armor. They had to learn to ride a horse and train the horse to not spook at noises. The squire had to learn how to use a lance and a sword. Knights were a king’s soldiers. They guarded their kingdom’s castle for a certain amount of time, usually 40 days. Even though they worked 40 days, additionally, the king could call a knight into battle any time he needed them. A knight wore a helmet, metal gloves and lots of armor. 4. People of the Middle Ages These are some of the people of the Middle Ages and what they do. An alchemist is a chemist, and a knight is a king’s soldier. A serf was a servant that was bound to their manor, while a peasant could leave. A villein is a worker, and a herald was a messenger. These are some of the people of the Middle Ages, and what they do. 5. Illuminated Letters These are some interesting facts about illuminated letters. An illuminated letter is a large letter surrounded by colorful embellishments and golden accents. They are usually decorated with ivy and mystical creatures. One of my favorite facts is that illuminate literally means “to fill with light.”
10 best things to do in Tumacacori National Historical Park While everyone knows Arizona is home to national parks like the Grand Canyon, Saguaro, and Petrified Forest, few people have heard of Tumacácori. Nestled in the desert of southern Arizona, the lesser-known Tumacácori National Historic Park preserves the ruins of a Spanish mission built in the 1820s. However, the park represents much more. Located at the crossroads of many cultures, the mission grounds preserve the history and stories of the O’odham, Yaqui and Apache peoples, as well as European missionaries, settlers and soldiers. The mission grounds bear witness to their colorful history, including both conflict and cooperation. Living a short drive from the site, I have visited Tumacácori National Historical Park several times over the years and have found the following unique experiences to be always worth the return visit. 1. Enter the history of southern Arizona As soon as you enter the park through the visitor center, you will feel a part of history, as the building itself reflects the architecture of a historic mission. Designed to be an interpretive experience, the building incorporates the historic architectural style of the missions, using carved wooden doors, arched portals and corbelled ceilings. The museum located in the same building features unique artifacts and exhibits, telling the story of the Santa Cruz Valley, its indigenous peoples and the mission period. You’ll find several detailed and accurate dioramas depicting moments in the region’s history, from Father Kino’s arrival to a rebellion and mission mass. You’ll also find life-size models of mission priests and several of the original wooden saints carvings from the mission. 2. A look back at life in the mission From the museum, step outside to begin your mission field tour. The first area you will see is the community square, in front of the church building. From here you can view the entire site, all of the rooms providing an opportunity to understand the surroundings and life at the mission. Imagine residents from different backgrounds going about their daily lives. Priests from Spain, but also from Austria, Bavaria, Switzerland and Italy, took up residence there for short periods, living side by side with the O’odham, Yoeme (Yaqui) and Nde (Apache). . A low mound on your left includes the remains of several adobe residences. These houses, built so close to each other, differed from the traditional houses in O’odham villages, where the houses were separate and did not share walls. On the right, you’ll notice a ramada, laid out to resemble the outdoor kitchen area of a mission family. And straight ahead, the church dominates the neighborhood. The beautiful and elaborate facade of the church seems out of place in the middle of the desert. It incorporates elements from all over the world, except for its surroundings. Egyptian, Roman and Moorish elements blend and compete with each other, a more elaborate trait than the next. According to the mission guide, the original bright colors showcased Spain’s influence. The columns were bright red, yellow and black, while the niches where the statues stood were colored blue. As you get closer to the building, you will still notice the remnants of paint and shiny patterns. Emese Fromm 3. Visit the church Every time I walk into the church, I’m surprised at how old he is, and I feel the need to double-check him. The form in which it is found suggests that it is much older. However, when I read his story, it all makes sense. Abandoned in 1848, local settlers removed its roof, using the woods for their own needs. Exposed to the harsh desert sun, the paint has faded and stucco has fallen off the walls in most places, giving the interior a much older feel. Inside the Tumacacori church. Emese Fromm The church was designed as a long hall, where people would stand or kneel during mass. Walk through the main hallway to the shrine with the domed ceiling, where you will still see fragments of the original painting on the walls. If you don’t mind the stairs, go up to the bell tower. It is accessed by entering the baptistery to the right of the entrance. A staircase leads from one level to the attic of the choir, and you will find the fries on the third level. Tumacacori cellar Hall of Storms (Photo credit: Emese Fromm) 4. Explore the mission grounds Leave the church through the sacristy (where the priest was preparing for the service) to reach the inner courtyard, where you will find a storeroom and the cemetery behind the church. Near the church, on the right, you will find the Convento Complex. Contrary to what the name suggests, it was not a convent, but a series of buildings used by the community. Around a courtyard, you will see several rooms. They were used as housing for priests, kitchen, ironwork, carpentry and leather goods, weaving room and grain mill. 5. Visit of a traditional O’odham house: Melhok Ki Prior to the mission, an O’odham village was located on the scene. Although none of their traditional homes have survived in the area, the National Park Service wanted to give visitors a sense of what they looked like. Built in 1997 by O’odham of the San Xavier community, the house you see here reflects their traditional homes, still in use today. Melhok ki means “ocotillo house” in the O’odham language. It refers to the ocotillos, or cactus-like trees, used as a frame. Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the O’odhams built round houses using mud on a wooden frame. When the rain washed away the mud, they applied a new coating. Over time, they adopted the square rooms. The house also included a mesquite ramada called a wa: ato (“WAH-ah-toe”), and a brush enclosure for cooking. 6. Take a walk in an enclosed orchard The mission complex included a walled garden as the Spaniards felt the need to bring the plants they knew and represented “civilization” to them. Although not native to the desert, many of these plants grew here with special care. But today you will mostly see native trees in orchards. They replaced the originals and were grown from seed. Walk on the Tumacacori river. Emese Fromm 7. Hike to the Santa Cruz River A short walk from the mission grounds leads through a mesquite forest to the nearby Santa Cruz River. The woodland plant community you pass through is home to diverse wildlife, so there’s a good chance you’ll spot birds and small mammals on your walk. The Santa Cruz River originates north of Tumacácori in the San Rafael Valley and flows south, crossing the Mexican border before turning around and returning to the United States. Along the way, it creates a rare environment of poplars and willows, a wildlife corridor in the desert home to many endangered and endangered species. The Santa Cruz River in Tumacacori. Emese Fromm Sit in the shade of a willow tree along the banks of the river and enjoy this environment. But resist entering or even touching the water. As bright and welcoming as it sounds, park rangers warn that it is polluted with E. coli (thanks to cattle ranchers upstream). 8. Stargazing in a starry sky park Far from the light pollution of towns and villages, Tumacácori is an international dark sky park, perfect for stargazing. The park offers sunrise and sunset tours several times a year, with the option to gaze at the starry sky and participate in interpretive programs. They focus on the connection between how different cultures viewed and interpreted the starry sky. 9. Watch traditional craft demonstrations If you visit at the right time, you can witness traditional craft demonstrations on the grounds of the park. Although the last time I visited they weren’t offering it due to COVID, on previous visits I’ve always seen traditional craft demonstrations, and according to the park’s website they do. always at certain times. They can include making tortillas, weaving O’odham baskets, leatherworking, ironworking, and making paper flowers. 10. Celebrate the cultures represented at Tumacácori The park also hosts special events that celebrate the cultures of the inhabitants of the surrounding desert. The O’odham Tash honors the original inhabitants of Tumacácori, sharing their art, music, crafts and heritage. You can taste their traditional dishes and play one of their traditional games. The Yoeme (Yaqui) Ways of Today offer a glimpse into the life of another desert tribe and include several rituals, theater performances, and ceremonies. The biggest of cultural celebrations, La Fiesta de Tumacácori, celebrates all the cultures associated with Tumacácori and the Santa Cruz Valley. The two-day celebrations begin with a procession through the park and a multicultural mass in front of the historic church. You’ll find traditional food, arts and crafts stalls, shows, and children’s activities on the mission grounds, with free entry throughout the weekend. Professional advice Just fifteen minutes from the US-Mexico border, close to the Tohono O’odham Nation and Pasqua Yaqui Tribe Territories, Tumacácori National Historic Park still stands at the crossroads of many cultures. A visit to the mission provides an opportunity to learn about the present-day nations that surround it, from a historical perspective. Besides the cultures, visiting Tumacácori is also a great way to learn more about the Sonoran Desert in southern Arizona, its landscapes, flora and fauna, and weather conditions. The best time to visit Tumacácori is winter, or shoulder seasons, when the weather allows for pleasant walks on the mission grounds and hikes down to the river. Allow about two hours to the site, but if you only stay on the paved trails and mission grounds, it is possible to visit it in under an hour. Source link Leave A Reply Your email address will not be published.
How to Make an Office Ergonomic office ergonomics Office Ergonomic is commonly referred to as sitting techniques. However, the list goes beyond your chair and the way you position yourself. Ergonomics goal is to make your employees get used to their workplace. It also guarantees their safety, health and enhances productivity. In as much as an office requires organizational ergonomics, cognitive and physical ergonomics are critical too. What is ergonomic training? Training is the most critical part of an operational ergonomic progression. Ergonomics call for the team’s abilities to assess and fix any problems emanating from your workplace. What category of staff needs ergonomic training? 1. The safety ergonomic team Ergonomic training in this sect is to equip the team with the ability to identify risks solely. Identification is based on the stipulated assessment risk. They also work on investigating, prioritizing, and provide chances for ergonomic improvements. Moreover, if there are new tasks to be designed, the safety team shall ensure it hinges on the ergonomic principles. As such, they will communicate with the employees about ergonomics and educate them if relevant. 2. Employees For example, if you lived in Allentown, PA, to Allentown employees, Allentown ergonomic training is all about discomfort signs and filing reports. Ergonomic training will also enable them to make suggestions on controlling ergonomic risk issues and detecting future hazards. 3. Supervisors Whether it is within an office or outside, the work of a supervisor is to ensure the smooth running of activities. Orchestrating ergonomic training on them will help them detect incongruities. Consequently, they can direct ergonomic policies within the workplace. Supervisors will also encourage the early reporting of fatigue. Accordingly, they will see non-verbal signs of difficulties among employees and act appropriately. What are the types of ergonomics? 1. Physical ergonomics Physical ergonomics is the most valuable type of ergonomics. All employees need physical comfort to discharge services. Its Centre of focus is on how employees use tools. That’s either desktops, chairs, or even other computer equipment that maybe be required. 2. Cognitive ergonomics Cognitive abilities are the key to productivity and speedy brain functioning. The memory abilities, reasoning, and reflexes affect the mode of interaction between customer and employee. Ergonomic training in this sect will help in reducing stress and promote more reliability. 3. Organizational ergonomics Organizational ergonomics deal with optimizing technical systems. It also encompasses layouts, structures, and strategies. Your team enjoys the overall benefit of ergonomic training. They get insights on how to keep themselves safe and healthy while they are working. With all that said, how do you make your office ergonomically organized? Since offices are all about layout and structure as well, they hinge a lot on organizational ergonomics. The way your office seats and peripheral devices are arranged matters to a great extent. Considering that you have imparted ergonomic training on your employees, risk assessment becomes their duty. Determining whether the seating is comfortable for employees is encompassed in the evaluation. Should there be any inconveniences, the employees must inform their employers of the defects. ergonomic posture Herein are some ways of making your office more ergonomic 1. Optimize your office furniture Optimizing your office furniture is the goal of making the environment ergonomic and efficient. Since most office work is done while seated, furniture that jeopardizes employee well-being should be replaced. Luckily there is ergonomic office furniture. a) Chairs These chairs features are far different from regular office seats. They enable the worker to sit upright, supporting their lower back, neck, hips, and thighs. Being able to sit comfortably promotes the proper circulation of blood. Consequently fostering high cognition and strength. b) Use ergonomic desks Ergonomic desks are specially designed to be shortened or even raised. It works best in reducing your sitting time during a workday. As such, you can extend it and still when you feel uncomfortable while seated. According to NHS, sitting for long periods within a day is harmful. Their research shows that the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes is imminent, should you sit for long. Additionally, you become vulnerable to musculoskeletal injuries, back pain, and also repetitive strain injuries. Ergonomic management of office computers 1. Use laptop stands When using a laptop stand, you have a firm base. The base allows you to raise and put the screen in the most comfortable position. As a result, it reduces neck strains and makes your work less strenuous. 2. Position your office monitors suitably The ergonomic training on employees is aimed at fatigue detection, among others. In this case, wrongly positioned monitors can cause neck and shoulder pains. For a good ergonomic office, placing the monitor 20 inches from you will be effective. Setting it too far will cause eyestrain and slouching to read what’s on screen. On the angle of placement, it should be 15 -20 degrees. A different angle will coerce you to twist a neck at a bad grade, causing neck strains. Most monitors have permanent stands. However, there are plenty of monitor stands in the market which can be improvised. 3. Try out document holders. Office work that involves computers, at times, will demand one to make references from documents while typing. Positioning these documents at random positions while working can cause neck strains. Since you will need to bend to see what’s on the papers. A document holder places the document at a better viewing angle. It allows you to read and type with a straight neck. 4. Ensure you use good keyboards and mouse While it may require you to get proper placement of these gadgets, sometimes ditching them can be the best course of action. It would help if you had ergonomic devices. Office staffs are prone to tendinitis and carpal tunnel syndrome. Badly enough, the infections are a product of poor keyboards and wrong mice positions. For an ergonomic office, distance diktats where you should site your keyboard. Sufficed to say, your keyboard must be accessible with your elbows at your sides. Also, its angle should be tilted away from you. In terms of height, your wrists should be straight and parallel to the floor. You should choose to buy Ergonomic keyboards and mice and make your hands assume natural working positions accordingly. The mouse reduces tension in your fingers that can lead to nerve damage and pain. The mice imitators a handclasp. Thus, there is no need to kink your wrists while using it. 5. Organize your office cables In as much as wireless gadgets are growing prominent, cables are still lingering. It’s not uncommon to find offices with cables and wires crosswise the flooring. It’s a big risk for employees. However, management can be done. That involves using cable bins and spines to store the cables. Consequently, it creates a safe office that fruits from ergonomic training. 6. Invest in CPU supports Computers are coherent in every office. However, many offices lack the means to store them in the right positions. It’s therefore not bizarre to find them placed on the floor. Nonetheless, when using a CPU holder, you get to mount your PC below your station of work. Placing them on the flow is only a recipe for employees tripping over cables. It may also cause electrical malfunctioning, such as shots, which can be hazardous. Layouts, air conditioning, and environment ergonomics 1. Organize your office into sects Your office can be arranged in different styles for different needs. The tasks you are to do in a day can run smoothly as long as they align with your office arrangement. Your desk is always your dashboard. Sufficed to say, items that you need must be within your desk’s reach. For this reason, you have to divide your workspace into three main zones. a) Zone 1 With the first zone, items that are here must be reachable with just a hand stretch. It’s the zone ideal for keyboards and mice. b) Zone 2 This is the area that you can reach for documents or telephone. It’s also ideal for items that you need to use frequently. c) Zone 3 This is the zone that you place completed tasks and other ornaments. That can be trophies or family photos. Organizing your office in such a way reduces congestion in one place. It also makes the working environment more comfortable to work from. 2. Optimize your working environment An ergonomic office is no different from any other regular office without proper environment optimization. The office lighting and temperature are the drivers towards ergonomics. The air conditioning in the office is also a matter of great concern. a) Lighting Intense fluorescent lights can cause eye damage. Dim light, on the other hand, will cause eyestrain. So, for an ergonomic office, it will be wise if you try natural lighting. If natural light is inaccessible, you should try out artificial lighting. According to GSA, standard lighting must be 500 lumens per square meter. Still, in terms of the office environment, you should add a little greenery to your office. b) Temperature and air quality Since every worker has their temperature preference, setting the most favorable to everyone will be ideal. Air conditioning, on the other hand, is a major concern. Currently, indoor pollution is rising. The age of your office construction materials and molds can cause bad air. As a result, it can cause flu and exacerbate respiratory ailments. For an ergonomic office, you should invest in a good air conditioner and quality filters. Why is office ergonomics essential? Bad office ergonomics can negatively impact your employees as well as your business. Lacking office ergonomics shall cause workplace injuries and even health damages. Some of the health problems include? 1. Numbness on fingers and wrists 2. Soreness on joints 3. Neck and back pains with muscle cramps 4. Damaged vision On the Other hand, musculoskeletal disorders are a long-term effect of working in a static position. Your office equipment must allow alternate working positions. At times the disease may also result from monotonous movements. Benefits of office ergonomics Benefits of office ergonomics 1. Proper service delivery and customer response Of course, any worker who is not feeling comfortable will have cognitive anomalies. Being in a perfect set place raises the mood and, thus, good service delivery. 2. Promotes productivity Productivity relies on the general health of your office workers. Health depends on the office ergonomic setting. Having ergonomic equipment will reduce absenteeism due to health and fatigue. 3. Creates a safe environment Office ergonomics shows your employees that you are committed to improving their safety and health concerns. It promotes a safe culture within your office. Fostering this culture will enhance your office’s work output. Is office ergonomic training worth it? Retrospectively is ergonomics worth approaching? Yes, it is not just essential for your business. It’s worth it for your employees. As a good manager, the wellbeing of your office staff comes first, and so does ergonomic training. How do I ergonomically set my office? 1. Chair selection The process starts with the office chair. Your chair must provide anchorage for your lower back and protect your spine. It should also give room to rest your arms. 2. Desk The second step involves your desk. It must provide room for your thigh and allow movement of feet and thighs. The desk should also be raised to keep your mice and keyboard at the appropriate height. 3. Monitor positioning Thirdly, monitor placement depends on your vision. Whether you are long-sighted or short-sighted, your monitor needs to be in line with your vision. 4. Keyboard and mouse selection Hard keyboards can be stressful. It would be best if you used rubber keyboards that are easy to work with. Additionally, it would help if you placed it on a flat surface. The mice, on the other hand, must embrace a handshake to avoid extreme wrist twisting. If not, consider using wide surfaced mats that allow easy movement of writing rather than twisting. Final shot Every office, despite its work nature, needs to perpetuate an ergonomic environment. However, despite the workspace being well designed, employers must ensure ergonomic settings are followed. For this reason, it’s imperative to conduct ergonomic training on your office staff. To increase productivity and staff health, you have to consider office ergonomics. Additionally, you should confirm if your teams are comfortable with the ergonomic training equipment. The fancy equipment won’t work if they are still slouching.
Live Rocks Live Rocks Aquariums can bring the wonder of the seas colorful fish into your home or business. Saltwater tanks are especially captivating, due to the size, hues, and variety of ocean fish. Crafting a healthy and thriving aquatic environment is the key to enjoying your saltwater aquarium, and live rock can help. What is live rock? Sometimes abbreviated LR, this stone is not itself a living thing. What makes this stone "live" are the microscopic and visible creatures that reside on it. These may include living coral, sponges, coralline algae, macroalgae, clams, mussels, and crustaceans such as shrimp or crabs. Introducing such a mini-ecosystem into your aquarium is an easy way to transfer helpful creatures and cycle a newly established tank more quickly. What different types of live rock are there? Sometimes, the rock is grouped geographically according to where it was collected, such as with Caribbean live rock. Generally, though, it can be placed in three basic categories: • Reef rock: These are chunks of broken coral collected outside a coral reef. Reef rock generally houses encrusting organisms such as sponges and coralline algae. Stones from outside the reef afford less risk of introducing unwanted hitchhikers into your tank. • Inshore rock:Collected within the reef, this denser rock may house macroalgae and invertebrates such as crabs, shrimp, mussels, or clams. It may also contain parasites such as bristle worm. • Dead base rock: Also called dry rock, this rock has no living creatures on it or in it. It is suitable for building an aquascape, coral seeding, or as a base for other types of live rock. Why add live rock to your saltwater tank? Live rock serves three primary purposes within the marine aquarium. • Aesthetics - It enhances the appearance of the aquarium with natural materials, resembling an authentic aquatic environment. • Shelter - Often full of holes and crevices, it provides shelter for fish and crustaceans residing in the aquarium. • Water Quality - It becomes the main source of biological filtration, also called the biological nitrification base, by introducing beneficial alga, bacteria, and invertebrates. The porous surface provides much surface area for essential nitrifying bacteria to thrive. These microorganisms help to cleanse the water by converting waste products into harmless, sometimes useful, substances. Can live rock thrive in freshwater tanks, terrariums, or paludariums? Dry rock, that which has no attached organisms, is suitable decor for a freshwater ecosystem and wont harm freshwater fish. Cichlids, catfish, and algae-eaters especially appreciate rocky, creviced hideaways. However, beneficial live alga and oceanic creatures residing on other types of rock require salt water. Dry stone is safe for use in terrariums and paludariums housing reptiles, amphibians, or other creatures as well.
Q&A with Structural Steel Fabricators August 11, 2021 When starting a new commercial or industrial building project, structural steel fabricators are essential for the successful completion of the project. Structural steel fabrication is vital to all sectors of industry. Unlike other common building materials such as concrete, wood, or aluminum, the sheer strength of structural steel is higher than its density which makes it an excellent choice material for manufacturing, construction, components, and building. Structural steel fabricators take steel and other metals and turn them into any desired shape or form. Below, our steel fabricators answer some of their most commonly asked questions: What is structural steel? By definition structural steel is the steel used in the construction of bridges, office buildings, warehouses, hospitals, ships, tankers, docks, stadiums, skyscrapers, and more. Structural steel must hold the desired mechanical properties to meet a project’s applicable specifications such as strength, chemical composition, and shape. The main ingredients in structural steel, like any steel, are iron and carbon. Common additives found in addition to iron and carbon are manganese, alloys, and certain chemicals. Due to its carbon composition, it is considered mild steel. However, that composition distinguishes structural steel from other steel. The carbon content ranges between 0.15 to 0.30 percent. Increasing the carbon content too much produces a material that is high in strength with low ductility. A low carbon content lowers the structural strength of the steel. Depending on how the steel will be used will determine the carbon level or content needed. What is structural steel fabrication? Structural steel fabrication is a complicated process. More than simply producing the steel required, it encompasses a whole series of processes to build the desired structure. Yes, it entails bending, cutting, and assembling all of the pieces together, but structural steel fabricators physically prepare the structural steel for building a bridge, say, by developing detailed drawings based upon the construction drawings designed by a structural engineer. Proper material must be selected and managed through a number of steps for fabricating—cutting, drilling, shopfitting with bolts and welding, painting or galvanizing where required, and then prepared for delivery. What type of precautions should you consider? Fabrication of structural steel is a complex process that should be done with safety in mind and undertaken with extreme care. Cutting, bending, welding, and other fabrication methods of metals pose a risk on shop floors. The chances of accidents and injuries occurring when performing these tasks are high. Noise can cause distractions or loss of concentration that can lead to an employee sustaining an injury. Mishandling tools, machinery, and materials can result in minor and major injuries. Following safety protocols is an important precautionary measure. Shops should have a safety program in place and all fabricators should have safety training. When working with structural steel fabricators should use protective equipment while working on the shop floor. This would include safety goggles, helmets and shields, protective clothing and protective gloves, and the like. No flammable material such as cotton or gasoline should be in the vicinity of welding, nor should unauthorized personnel be allowed to use or handle tools and equipment on the shop floor. What are the benefits of structural steel fabrication? Structural steel offers many benefits suitable for fabrication projects, the first being its advantageous mechanical properties. It is durable, corrosion-resistant, high in strength, tensile, and comparatively lightweight option for construction. Steel is exceptionally adaptable and flexible as well and can be shaped, cut, and welded into any form as required. When it comes to affordability, mild steels and carbon steels tend to be less expensive than other metals such as copper, aluminum, or magnesium that are used in buildings. Structural steel is also made to last. It can withstand harsh conditions in harsh environments, withstand storms, and can be designed to withstand earthquakes. It can be coated with a fire-resistant and water-resistant material. Finally, structural steel is highly recyclable and an environmentally friendly building option.
Where do ribosomes produce? Where do ribosomes produce? Which organelle is responsible for producing enzymes? Which part of the cell is responsible for producing ribosomes? What is the role of ribosomes in cellular metabolism? During protein synthesis, ribosomes assemble amino acids into proteins. Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis. They are particularly abundant in immature red blood cells for the synthesis of hemoglobin, which functions in the transport of oxygen throughout the body. What is the function of Golgi body? What are the three functions of the mitochondria? What happens if mitochondria not function? For our bodies the conversion from food energy to ATP happens in mitochondria. If your mitochondria are not working properly then you are less able to convert food into ATP. For cells that require a lot of ATP, for example your muscles, this is a problem and they may become weaker and get tired faster. What is the life expectancy for mitochondrial disease? How can I strengthen my mitochondria? 10 Ways to Boost Your Mitochondria 1. 10 Ways to Boost Your Mitochondria. 2. Eat fewer calories. 3. Eat 2-3 meals, within an 8-10 hour window. 4. Throw away refined carbs like soda, white bread and pastries. 5. Eat quality protein like grass-fed beef and pasture-raised eggs. 6. Eat sources of omega-3s and alpha-lipoic acid. How do you repair damaged mitochondria? Eat healthy fats like olive oil, coconut oil, omega-3 fish oil, omega-9 primrose oil, about 4tsp per day total. Eat lean protein from organic sources as much as possible. Exercise daily to get plenty of oxygen to the mitochondria, as oxygen primes the mitochondria’s pump. What foods help your mitochondria? We’re going to get down to the core of it today – our cells – and look at the best foods for mitochondrial health. The entire body at its core is comprised of cells….Give your cells the fuel they need with these foods. • Almonds. A cup of almonds provides around 20% of the RDA for magnesium. • Spinach. • Avocado. • Bananas. Can mitochondria repair themselves? Mitochondria are structures within cells that convert the energy from food into a form that cells can use. Because mitochondrial DNA has a limited ability to repair itself when it is damaged, these mutations tend to build up over time. What vitamins help mitochondria? Several vitamins and (trace) minerals are essential for mitochondrial functioning, either by acting as cofactors in energy metabolism and/or by acting as antioxidants….3.1. B vitamins • Thiamine (vitamin B1) • Riboflavin (vitamin B2) • Cobalamin (vitamin B12) • Other B vitamins. What can damage mitochondria? Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs when the mitochondria don’t work as well as they should due to another disease or condition. Many conditions can lead to secondary mitochondrial dysfunction and affect other diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, muscular dystrophy, Lou Gehrig’s disease, diabetes and cancer. Does fasting increase mitochondria? According to a recent Harvard study, intermittent fasting may increase your lifespan by manipulating your mitochondrial networks to your advantage. Think of it as a reset on a cellular level. What helps mitochondria do its job? Hover for more information. The mitochondria, termed the “powerhouse” of the cell, works with other cellular organelles by providing them with the major form of energy know as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP allows other cellular organelles to function properly maintaing the integrity of the cell. How do you take care of mitochondria? Longevity Secrets: Taking Care of Your Mitochondria 1. Tailor your diet to mitochondrial needs. Make sure your diet is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, B vitamins, and amino acids so your mitochondria are properly nourished. 2. Force your body to make energy. Your mitochondria are made to produce energy. 3. Lower your carbohydrates. 4. Fast occasionally. How do mitochondria get energy? Mitochondria produce energy through the process of cellular respiration. The mitochondria take food molecules in the form of carbohydrates and combine them with oxygen to produce the ATP. They use proteins called enzymes to produce the correct chemical reaction. Which cells have the most mitochondria? What cells have the most mitochondria? A. Your heart muscle cells – with about 5,000 mitochondria per cell. These cells need more energy, so they contain more mitochondria than any other organ in the body! Which has more mitochondria sperm or egg? What type of cell is found in mitochondria? eukaryotic cells What simple sugar is broken down in the mitochondria? What simple sugar is broken down in the mitochondria quizlet? Why are mitochondria call the powerhouse of the cell? They “burn” or break chemical bonds of glucose to release energy to do work in a cell. How would the number of mitochondria in an insect’s wing? How would the number of mitochondria in an insect’s wing compare to the amount found in other cells in an insect’s body? The wings are more active than the rest of the body so the more active it is, the more mitochondria it will have. Where is energy stored in glucose? The energy in glucose is stored primarily in the carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds. In fact, anything with carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds stores energy. Other common examples include gasoline, coal, and fat. What type of energy is released when glucose is broken down? What kind of energy does glucose contain? Glucose that is consumed is used to make energy in the form of ATP, which is used to perform work and power chemical reactions in the cell. During photosynthesis, plants convert light energy into chemical energy that is used to build molecules of glucose. How is glucose broken down into energy? Cellular respiration is the process of extracting energy in the form of ATP from the glucose in the food you eat. In stage one, glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm of the cell in a process called glycolysis. In stage two, the pyruvate molecules are transported into the mitochondria.
How to Expand & Collapse Text in HTML HTML 5 promises rich interactive websites, but, at this time, browsers vary in feature implementations and many businesses have not yet deployed browsers compatible with the new standard. Even so, rich interaction can be implemented with current browsers. For those with a little JavaScript experience, try using the innerHTML property of the div tag to expand and contract outlines and add interactive help to your site. Create a New Project Open your favorite Web development tool and create a new website. Microsoft’s Visual Studio tools will be used here since the WebDev version can be downloaded for free and it includes a built-in Web server. Create a New HTML Page Create a new page default.htm. Click “Project”, “Add Item” then choose “HTML Page” and name it default.htm. If a default.aspx file already exists, delete it. Switch to HTML or Markup view and add the following code after the tag. Sample Page Sample Page 1 ? Title 1 2 ? Title 2 The h3 tag creates a page header titled “Sample Page”, followed by two lines of an outline. Each line starts with a number, a question mark and a title. The question marks are surrounded by anchor (( tags that turn them into clickable links. Following each title, we’ve added an empty div tag where additional text can be inserted. Add the JavaScript Add a JavaScript function that can be activated by each of the question mark links as follows: Each of the links calls the JavaScript function help_click, passing the div tagname and some additional text. The function first tests to see if the div tag is empty (div.innerHTML == “”). If the tag is empty, the code adds a line break ( ), three blank characters ( ) followed by the text. If the div already contains text, the markup inside the div tag gets cleared. Test the New Page Test the code. For Visual Studio, click the “F5” key. When the page appears, click either of the question marks. The first time the link in line 1 gets clicked, the outline expands to include the text “Additional text for Title 1”. The second time the link gets clicked, the text goes away. With a little creative code, this same technique can be used to create tree views, complex outlines or to show and hide help text.
COPD and how careful we need to be Atlantis...venue for the COPD symposium 3 responses to “COPD and how careful we need to be 2. Cigarette smoking has been strongly linked to health conditions like heart disease and lung cancer. Other than these two dreaded disease, heavy smoking may also cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This condition causes inflammation and damages the small airways of the lung tissue and may cause breathing difficulties. COPD is usually a combination of two similar conditions: chronic bronchitis and chronic emphysema. Because cigarette smoking is the major cause of these two conditions, they often occur together in the same person. COPD damage is progressive and permanent and has become one of the fastest-growing health problems. It has become the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and is responsible for more than 96,000 deaths annually. Because of these health conditions the need to quit smoking has become more important than ever. Understanding COPD is essential in encouraging smokers to quit this dreaded and potentially fatal habit.’ Look into our blog page as well Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
It's a classic struggle: you're in the grocery store shopping for fruit and you can't decide whether you should buy the green bananas and patiently wait for them to ripen, or risk purchasing the yellow ones that will go bad in a few days. If you're like me and can't eat all of your fruit in a few days, you probably go for the green bananas and all of the other unripe fruits you love, trying to wait for them to brighten up. Inevitably, however, you find yourself in a situation where you're craving fruit and it just isn't ready yet, so you wonder how bad it would really be to eat that unripe apple sitting on the counter. Who even sets the standards for ripeness though? And can you indulge yourself in a little unripe fruit now and then? The answer behind which fruits you actually should be eating unripened and which fruits may be dangerous when eaten too early may surprise you. Under the "will probably cause serious bodily harm if eaten unripened" category you have your lychees, ackees, and Chinese lantern berries. lychee, rambutan, sweet Sarah Fung For decades, doctors in India wondered why children from Bihar were suffering from seizures, some even dying from their conditions, primarily during the monsoon season. Kids were staying out all day playing, and then rapidly falling victim to convulsions. The cause? The kids would pick tons of the sweet lychee fruit and eat them on an empty stomach. Doctors identified that the culprit was an amino acid found in lychees that causes a drop in levels of glucose in the blood. Unripe lychees have the amino acid in larger concentrations. Unless you want to suffer from similar symptoms, it's best to eat your lychees in small quantities, fully ripe, and with a large meal. The ackee is another fruit with potentially deadly consequences. Similar to the lychee, Jamaica's national fruit causes a dangerous drop in blood sugar levels if eaten before it's ready. This is due to unripe ackee releasing a chemical that prevents the body from releasing backup glucose in the liver. The glucose gets released regularly to maintain stable levels throughout the body hours after a meal, but without the release, blood sugar rapidly drops. Fresh ackee has been banned in the US (read: it must be canned or frozen), but if you're brave enough to try the fruit abroad, make sure it is fully ripe and cooked Chinese lantern berries The Chinese lantern berry, also known as the winter cherry or bladder cherry, is a plant native to Asia and Southern Europe. The berry is rich in vitamins, especially vitamin C. Unfortunately, this small berry has a dangerous side. If eaten unripe— when the husk is a bright red color—the berry can be poisonous. This is because the berry contains high amounts of solanine when unripe, a poison that causes gastrointestinal issues when consumed. In order to avoid the negative effects of this berry, make sure to consume it when the husk is a beige color such as the photo above. Under the category of "probably safe to eat when unripe" are plums, apples, grapes, papayas, and bananas. juice, sweet, pasture, plum Alexandra Tringali Green plums are a delicacy in numerous countries. An American visiting Beirut discovered that the green plum tasted bland and bitter. Salt and sugar are often added so that we can reap the benefits of the highly nutritious fruit without hating the flavor. These plums contain high amounts of fiber, which your body needs in moderated quantities. Eat too much unripe plum, however, and you're in for bad stomach ache. Exercise caution when first trying these nutritious delicacies from the East. apple, juice, sweet Kristine Mahan Individuals in some regions of the world eat unripe apples during the summer months however, most Americans find them too sour and all together unpleasant to eat. If you do not wish to wait for your apples to ripen, poaching or frying an it is a great way to soften the apple as well as bring out its natural, sweet flavor. Make sure you thoroughly poach or fry your apples, as unripe and uncooked apples can cause stomach discomfort due to an excess of ethylene gas. juice, gooseberry, berry, pasture, grape Naib Mian Unripe grapes are sometimes used in Lebanese cuisine to make a sour salad dressing called verjuice. In Persian cuisine they are referred to as Ghooreh, and can be found in stores. Numerous recipes call for the use of the Ghooreh as the juice is perfectly safe to consume. The sauce goes wonderfully with vegetable stews and can be made by crushing the grapes in a blender and using a sieve to remove the pulp. If the condiment is not used immediately it should be frozen and stored. Numerous nutrients such as carotenes, vitamins, and minerals make papaya a true super-fruit. It is generally safe to eat unripe and even has curative properties. The unripe fruit has been proven to contain higher amounts of the enzyme papain, which alleviates symptoms from various gastric disorders. Unripe papaya has also been heard of helping in reducing wound inflammation and treating skin disorders. Raw papaya juice can supposedly help with an irregular menstrual cycle, and when combined with honey, it can help dissolve the mucous membrane in sore throats. juice, sweet, apple, banana Jocelyn Hsu Bananas are usually purchased before they're ready, as they are generally picked and sent to stores when they reach 75% of their desired ripeness. Contrary to popular belief, bananas can be eaten when they're still green. Green bananas may be harder to digest, but they also function as a prebiotic, meaning they help to cultivate good bacteria in the gut. Certain cells important to our digestive health eat fatty acids that can be found in unripe bananas. These cells are kept healthy by eating the fatty acids and allowing our bodies to conduct nutrient absorption more easily. Green bananas do negatively affect your ability to digest complex carbs, and so it is probably not the best idea to eat them frequently. If you're tempted to eat a fruit early that's not on this list, be sure to do your research to make sure there aren't any unsavory side effects. Remember to stay away from unripe lychees, ackees, and Chinese lantern berries, but feel free to indulge in some unripe plums, apples, grapes, papayas, and bananas. You may find one of these becomes your new favorite delicacy or the perfect secret ingredient at your next dinner party.
Purpose of thesis statement • Home - • Purpose of thesis statement Essay writing on pollution Purpose of thesis statement Because the thesis statement is so important, the writer must shape it carefully, and that means approaching the first draft with a preliminary thesis statement in mind. a preliminary thesis statement is an early version of the thesis statement; it is the version used to guide the first draft, to help focus and organize it. the thesis statement is the brief articulation of your paper' s central argument and purpose. to give you a clear and comprehensive idea of what makes a solid thesis statement, we have added over twenty examples here that you can use for your argumentative thesis as well as for other kinds of research papers. a thesis statement or purpose statement will emerge as you purpose think and write about a topic. the statement can be restricted or clarified and eventually worked into an introduction. as you revise your paper, try to phrase your thesis or purpose statement in a precise way so that it matches the content and organization of your paper. just like a thesis statement, a purpose statement is located at purpose the end of the intro paragraph, or may take the form of a separate paragraph in large papers, such as dissertations etc. statement sample thesis. reasonable people could agree or disagree with the statement · sample thesis statements. the following example combines a purpose statement and a thesis statement ( bold). thesis statement: no one has the right to take away the life of any person. essay writing – the main stages 1. analyse the question 2. make a rough outline purpose plan 3. use plan to guide research 4. review, revise and refine the plan 5. do my admission essay. write first draft 6. edit draft for structure and. while writing a reflective essay: step 1. every introduction to reflective essay writing should start with an attention grabber that will boost interest in your topic. the introduction is a small. the body of the essay is where you fully develop your argument. each body paragraph should contain one key idea or claim, which is supported by relevant examples and evidence from the body of. if writing an essay sounds a little bit scary, just think of it as a chance to improve your writing skills. nobody expects your first essay to be perfect. nor your second, nor your third. not even your fiftieth ( 50th)! just make sure you learn something new every time you write an essay. information for applicants: we are pleased that you are interested in a position at forschungszentrum jülich. despite the current restrictions due to the corona virus, we are still taking and processing applications. you can therefore apply to us as usual. since health and safety is our top priority, job interviews are currently mainly being conducted by phone and video or in. theses and dissertations. writing and defending a dissertation or thesis is the culmination of a research- based graduate degree. the steps below will assist students in completing this stage of their education. please reference the appropriate degree completion. guide to electronic theses and dissertations electronic theses and dissertations style guide. the dissertations and theses database gives you full text access to over 3 million dissertations and theses from schools and universities around the world, including walden dissertations. you can choose to search either all purpose the dissertations and theses, or just those created at walden. write a book report. find dissertations by topic, degree, or chair. requesting dissertations. a thesis statement sums up the central argument of your paper or essay. it is just one or two sentences long, and usually appears near the end. understanding what makes a good thesis statement is one of the major keys to writing a great research paper or argumentative essay. a thesis statement: tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion. How to write contrast essay. is a road map for the paper; in other words. thesis statements- you grade them! read each of the following thesis statements for macbeth and grade them. one should receive and a, one a b, and so on. write the grade on the blank to the left of the thesis statement. although macbeth is hungry for power, lady macbeth is the character who creates the plans to gain power and implement. thesis statement outline template - we are to write, as writers. arguing off the track, to get a job or becoming victims of identity theft, and they to the environmental protection agency, about 40 percent of its victory by immortalizing the deceased through art. strong thesis statement in this unit’ s assignment, purpose of thesis statement you will write a persuasive thesis statement related to the argument for change you have been developing in previous units and evaluate the effectiveness of that argument using the toulmin model. you will complete a worksheet for this assignment. first of all, you will revise the provisional [. this option defines how much topic information the software should gather before generating your essay, a higher example of provisional thesis value generally means better essay but. Professional personal statement editing [LOWER]Letter writing paper border Nursing reflective essay Writing nursing research proposal Where to buy raw papers Buy english literature essays Buy law dissertation online Paula Morenza Excellent ! • the thesis statement serves the purpose of informing the reader what the writer is going to discuss in the essay. the thesis statement tends to be contained in a concise sentence which carries the main idea of the academic paper written. looking for a reliable thesis writing help? editors offering top notch dissertation writing services online. • Comments Eva Pinlo Best essay writing service in usa • get help with your thesis today! in composition and academic writing, a thesis statement ( or controlling idea) is a sentence in an essay, report, research paper, or speech that identifies the main idea and/ or central purpose of the text. • Comments Elea Rightihg Website that does essays for you in rhetoric, a claim is similar to a thesis. the purpose of a thesis statement is to provide a clear, specific argument that will serve as a guide to the reader so she knows what to expect from your essay. Uk essays dissertation Convert text to uppercase Annis Slo Harvard college essays • Comments Rozita Spainlovish the thesis statement for a speech, like the thesis of a research- based essay, should be easily identifiable and ought to very succinctly sum up the main points you will present. moreover, the thesis statement should reflect the general purpose of your speech; if your purpose is to persuade or educate, for instance, the thesis should alert. Mike Jones Happy with the order. • Writing an apush essay
Cell Phone Addiction 1278 Words6 Pages In today’s society, we are able to build connections and swap information more expeditious than ever before, through advanced information and communication technology. The most ascendant type of communication technology is the cell phone. Cell phone addiction, as a mental and social issue, and how it affects the way we interact in society has raised curiosity for many sociologist and psychologists. The utilization of cellphones in the past few years has increased significantly due to the social impact it has on society, causing many to feel as if they cannot function without their phone by their side. (Babadi-Akashe, Z., Zamani, B. E., Abedini, Y., Akbari, H., & Hedayati, N. 2014) Self-Concept. There is no denying the fact that social media has taken over society. Most people with smart phones have at least one social media account and of those 80% of social media time now is spent using cell phones. (Sterling 2016) Whether it’s through Facebook, Twitter, Instagram or Snapchat, this is the era of sharing our lives with friends, family, and stranger alike. Transparency is the new thing. (Luce 2010) Some people are so consumed in social media they begin to lose touch with their sense of self, the perception of oneself. The ability to self-reflect is necessary to have some type of understanding of one’s own motives and emotions. Studies have shown social media has been connected to higher calibers of depression, loneliness, envy, anxiety, narcissism and lack of social skills. More about Cell Phone Addiction Get Access
The Value to Life 1038 Words5 Pages The Value to Life; Society vs. Self Today, our society assigns the value to human life based on which life is actually more appealing to them. In other words, society places a price tag on a man’s life. A person is judged by society on the value of their life based on certain factors and aspects that are irrelevant. People realize the true value to their lives when they are in encounter with situations that may take it away. And because the value of life is so precious, society should determine its value in different and better ways that appreciate its value. People put more value on their lives when they come close to knocking on the doors of death. For instance, those living with terminal illnesses like cancer, have a whole…show more content… When assigning the value of life, society overlooks the character of the person or what purpose they served in life. Since treating every man equal in America is something we try to abide our lives by, the value of someone’s life should be determined on better terms. The value of someone’s life should be determined by the merit that person has earned throughout their life. In the book of proverbs it states that “We must treat each man on his worth and merits as a man. We must see that each is given a square deal, because he is entitled to no more and should receive no less.” According to this quote, a man must be treated on his worth which is something that he must earn since every man is given the same chances and opportunities not more or less than others. When people are born, they are all given equal chances, but the different circumstances that can occur in each person’s life along the way can determine who has the ability to overcome the obstacles, making that person earn a certain merit that decides the value to their life. In conclusion, a person’s value of their own life is something that is overlooked at first. People do not realize that life is something that can be taken away so quickly that sometimes you cannot even grasp it. Life gains value when it is almost lost. When people have tragedies strike their lives, More about The Value to Life Get Access
We also have classes for: BiblicalTraining.org provides a comprehensive biblical education from world-class professors to encourage spiritual growth in the church, for free. Camel's Thorn CAMEL’s THORN (ἀσπάλαθος). This occurs in Ecclesiasticus 24:15 KJV—“I gave a sweet smell like cinnamon Asphalathus.” It is generally agreed that the plant is Alhagi camelorum, var. turcurom. The shrub is thorny, thick and many-stemmed. It is well known in Pal. Pliny states that the Aspalathus grew in Cyprus and Spain as a thorny, white shrub of medium size. He said it was used in ointments and perfume. Biblical Training
Causes of fever A number of things can cause fever this can include some cancers, drugs and other treatment. Find out more about these. The cancer itself It's not really understood why certain cancers cause fevers and others don't. It's thought that some cancers may produce things like toxins that cause fever. Fever can be caused by infection. Find out what can be done to control and treat your fever. Other causes of fever Apart from your treatment, there are a number of other reasons why you might get a fever when you have cancer. Last reviewed: 05 Aug 2019 Coronavirus and cancer Read our information about coronavirus and cancer
/* */ The Cathedral of Barcelona is located in the Cathedral Square, in the Ciutat Vella district, in the historical centre of the city of Barcelona. In the place where the Cathedral of Barcelona is currently located, there was an old paleochristian basilica from the 4th century AD. This basilica was replaced, in the eleventh century, by a Romanesque cathedral. During the 13th century, it was decided to build a new building in the Gothic style. The construction of the Gothic building made the old Romanesque building disappear almost completely. Thanks to archaeology, we know that for the construction of the Gothic cathedral, the Romanesque building was gradually dismantled. The Cathedral of Barcelona has three naves, with a single apse with ambulatory and radial chapels. In the foothills of the building side chapels are opened. The vaults of the naves are ribbed, from which the polychrome keystones can be seen. In addition, under the high altar is the crypt of Santa Eulàlia, which is covered with a very low vault and in which is the marble tomb of Santa Eulàlia from 1339. The main façade of the Cathedral of Barcelona was finished during the 19th century, and has a Neo-Gothic style. The main door is decorated by an apostolate of Àgapit Vallmitjana. However, for a long time, the main door was the side door of Sant Iu, which was built during 1298. In fact, next to the Sant Iu door, we can still see remains of the Romanesque building, such as the reliefs, sculpted during the 12th century, that are on the sides of the door. In this relief we can see the representations of the fights of man against the beasts. In addition, very close to the Sacristy, there are still the remains of an old wall, with very narrow windows and framed with columns, corresponding to the Romanesque building. In the cloister there are two doors that give access, the door of La Pietat, decorated with a wooden relief on the tympanum from the 15th century, and the door of Santa Eulàlia. The cloister can also be accessed from the Chapel of Santa Llúcia, which was built between 1257 and 1268. The cloister has four wings, covered with a ribbed vault, which opens with pointed arches into a garden with a pond. Of the four wings, three are surrounded by chapels. In the north wing, there are the chapels of Santa Llúcia, the Sala de la Capbrevació, the Aula Capitular, and the Sala Capitular (which is covered by a star vault and where the tomb of Sant Oleguer and the Christ of Lepanto are located). In the middle of Barcelona Cathedral is the heart of stone built between 1390 and 92 by Jordi de Déu. Inside there is the choir stall, made by Pere Sanglada in 1394-99, and which is one of the jewels of Catalan Gothic. On one side of the heart there is a wooden highchair, made by Pere Sanglada in 1403, which is accessed by a stone staircase with sculptures by Jorge Juan. On the opposite side, there is the Episcopal chair. In the interior of the Cathedral of Barcelona, in addition, you can still observe the transcorum and some altarpieces of Renaissance style, as well as the organ and some altarpieces of Baroque style.
Three Strategies for Working Toward Financial Equity and Inclusion As conversations regarding diversity, equity and inclusion continue to deepen and evolve, the topics of financial equity and inclusion have come to the forefront. A cornerstone of creating an equitable society is ensuring that individuals have equal access to financial services and professional opportunities, and in turn, to wealth. These are three important steps that need to be taken, both in the workplace and beyond, in order to bridge these gaps and create a more financially equitable society: 1. Closing generational wealth gaps There is a meaningful and well-documented wealth gap in America between Black and white families. In 2016, a study conducted by the Federal Reserve revealed that the median family wealth for a white family was $171,000, while the median family wealth for a Black family was $17,600. This wealth gap is caused by an inability to affordably save, invest and insure, which puts many Black families at a disadvantage when trying to build economic wealth. As time goes on and Black families continue to feel the effects of exclusionary practices, this wealth gap is perpetuated through generations, creating a greater socio-economic divide. Closing this generational wealth gap requires foundational and systemic changes. Banks need to expand their branches and offerings to provide better service to people of color and people in low-income communities. Hiring more people of color in the financial sector can also help create more inclusive loan practices and, therefore, begin to tip the scales toward financial equity. New technologies such as on-demand pay can also help families break the paycheck-to-paycheck cycle and begin to save comfortably. 1. Addressing gender pay equity People of all genders receiving equal pay for equal quality and quantity of work sounds like it would be a given. However, pay inequality has been and continues to be a huge issue for women, especially women of color. There are many factors that contribute to the gender pay gap, including the cultural expectation for women to be fully responsible for the unpaid labor of childcare and housework. There also still are pervasive ideologies that “women’s work,” such as teaching, is not as valuable as work in other professional sectors. Also, gender-based hiring discrimination is unfortunately still a reality in today’s world. There are many things that can be done to help address this issue. Companies can implement paid parental leave for parents of all genders, which helps create a culture where all employees are seen as equally responsible for childcare. Practices such as this normalize all parents leaving to pick up sick children and prioritizing work-life balance in order to raise them, which helps “level the playing field” within the workplace. Companies can also conduct annual reviews where they compare employee salaries by gender and work to close any gaps in those numbers. Lastly, addressing unconscious biases via inclusive language in job descriptions, diverse hiring teams, and other best practices in hiring to allow women and underrepresented groups to move into a variety of opportunities. 1. Creating a culture of belonging in the workplace For decades now, diversity, equity and inclusion have been at the forefront of many companies’ HR strategies. It’s a known fact that more diversity of thought leads to more creative ideas and ultimately more revenue. However, establishing and maintaining a diverse staff has nuances that many companies may be overlooking. This is because retaining diverse talent is impossible without truly creating a culture of belonging. Giving people of color, LGBTQ people and other minorities a proverbial “seat at the table” is only a temporary solution unless those individuals feel comfortable and empowered in their roles. If they are battling racism, cultural misunderstanding and discrimination from peers, then those individuals do not truly have equity to keep climbing the corporate ladder. This adds a heavy burden to their work life that others in the same positions do not experience, thereby adding yet another obstacle to professional success. To combat this problem, companies need to ensure that they’re not indulging in performative activism, but truly living their values every day. Supporting the creation and continuation of Employee Resource Groups (ERGs) can help employees feel more supported and to know that they are not alone in their unique challenges and experiences, which helps reduce turnover rates. Encouraging honest and open dialogue from minority employees about how the company can become more inclusive is also extremely valuable. Perhaps the most important factor to consider here is education, both for yourself and your employees. The more aware individuals are of their unconscious biases, the more quickly they can begin to dismantle them and become a part of the solution. We all have an important role to play in creating a more financially inclusive society. It starts as simply as listening to and having empathy for others whose experiences may differ from our own. By deepening our understanding of financial inequity, creating an open dialogue about this issue and working toward systemic and sustainable financial inclusion, each of us can become a part of the solution.
Jump to content Electronics-Lab.com Community the finer points of electronics - I Recommended Posts ok so i have questions with electronics that doesn't seem to be covered by tutorials that i've scanned throughout different websites, or i just don't want to read through a lot of material to find that small footnote that i needed to find. i'm basically going to be posting a series of threads named "the finer points of electronics" to have people explain things to me. this may sound like trolling (it's not), but consider this a way to get more activity in these forums. ok so question I: so the tutorials lead us to the idea that common ground is just the charge of the source equal to the "ambient" charge of environment, in conventional currents... but i've never been sure of it. maybe it actually exerts a "pull"... or maybe it doesn't and that's why some voltage sources provide a negative current, usually along a positive one. can anybody tell me which is it?? Link to comment Share on other sites so, looking at the attached diagram, is there a "pull" on the cathode side of the capacitor or a push from the other side?? or both? if it's a little hard to explain, then tell me how it happens in actual physics, not in conventional currents... i need to know, because, in the future, i will be designing circuits that depend on there being a "pull". if there isn't for ground, then i guess i'll have to employ negative voltages... Link to comment Share on other sites As Audioguru has already explained, the 'ground' in a circuit is merely a reference point against which all other voltage nodes in the circuit are measured. It does not push or pull anything. It may or may not be connected to true ground (earth), or to the earthing point in an electric mains supply system, or to a metal chassis on which the circuit is constructed. You cannot get any simpler than that. Link to comment Share on other sites ok, i guess i lose here... in all cases "conventional current" and the idea of 0V grounding that comes with it abstracts all cases when it comes to passive components. in active components as long as it is only immediately in series with a passive component, then it should be safe. if 2 or more active components are in series, then i'd still raise questions if it could work. ok, look at the attached diagram and apply conventional current and see if we can make it all work. suppose the 2 identical avalanche diodes in series with a active component "Q". we also define an "ambient" voltage potential in the non affected/conducting components such as leads, and wires, any conductors. the voltage drop from each end, is of course, the whole voltage applied to the circuit. the voltage potential from the left of "D_av1", is say, 3V above ambient. the voltage potential from the right of "D_av2" is -4V below ambient. that's a voltage supply of 7V. say the avalanche diodes have a breakdown at 5.5V across. how this would usually work is when we have single active component with at least 2 leads and have their electric potential on their immediate 2 leads interact, either by voltage potentials and/or current created... so simply as connecting a single 5.5V avalanche diode to a 7V will be enough to have avalanche breakdown. this is the same for all passive components -- resistors, inductors and capacitors. but what will happen if we cannot continuously pass the voltage potential all the way from the other end of the circuit to make them interact in any components?? such is the case when we have Q as a hypothetical active component that DOES NOT maintain voltage potential across it the way passive components do. the voltage across D_av1 is only 3V. and, Q is not letting it's left lead have a voltage potential negative from ambient. the same would be true for D_av2, it only has 4 volts across it and "Q" will not let it's right lead have a positive potential from ambient. of course, this is hypothetical, as i don't know of a Q component that fits what i'm describing. Link to comment Share on other sites I do not know what you are talking about. You show two opdinary diodes, not zener (avalanche) diodes. Why does your circuit have two zener diodes? There is no such thing as "an ambient voltage". Your circuit has no input, no output, no power supply, no biasing for the active device and no load for the active device. Nobody knows what you are talking about. Link to comment Share on other sites If I may add to Kevin's comments: There is a circuit that would not only supply inverse reactive current for use in unilateral phase detractors, but would also be capable of automatically synchronizing cardinal grammeters. Such a circuit is the "turbo-encabulator." Basically, the only new principle involved is that instead of power being generated by the relative motion of conductors and fluxes, it is produced by the medial interaction of magneto-reluctance and capacitive directance. :) Link to comment Share on other sites • 2 weeks later... 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Being Smart About Condoms For some, Valentine's Day is an important reminder to romance your loved one. But February 14, which is also National Condom Day, should also serve as reminder of the importance of protecting yourself and your partner from sexually transmitted disease (STD). According to the American Social Health Organization, there are an estimated 15.3 million cases of STDs diagnosed every year in the United States. And many of these men and women don't know that they have an STD. As a result, people- especially those in committed relationships- tend to underestimate their risk of transmitting or acquiring an STD and are often lax about condom use. By developing a sense of "negotiated safety," couples often come to the unfounded conclusion that they are not putting each other at risk for an STD. Other couples avoid discussing condom use until they're just about to have sex-and are less likely to make a reasonable decision. And still others use condoms incorrectly, sometimes making sex less enjoyable and the condom less effective. What are the main factors that influence use? I think the answer is really a function of whom we're talking about. The factors that influence use for adolescents are going to be quite different than those that influence use for adults. Among adolescents, factors like peer norms are important. For example, adolescents who have friends who use condoms are more likely to use condoms themselves. And there's also evidence suggesting that once pregnancy concerns are addressed with oral contraception, for example, condoms may no longer be used. Why are committed couples less likely to use condoms? Trust may be part of it. Some couples will eventually get to a point where there is some mutual testing for HIV or STDs. But couples may be more likely to develop a sense of negotiated safety, where they may make some agreement not to have sex with others and they may in a sense make some unfounded judgments about the other person's risk of transmitting an STD or HIV. There's also some evidence that at some point people in a steady relationship subsequently decide to abandon condom use altogether. Although the evidence is not definitive, their thinking may be: "If we were going to have a problem as a result of having unprotected sex, that problem would have occurred by now." That's an unfounded judgment as well. Why don't people like using condoms? Lack of pleasure and irritation caused by condoms are very common. But because people often have very little instruction on the correct use of condoms at all, they wind up experiencing problems related to fit, irritation, and dryness. I want to add that the correct use of condoms and lubrication for condoms can dramatically diminish those pleasure barriers. Lack of arousal, sensation, and enjoyment in the female partner are some reasons why people don't use condoms during sex In many cases, men report losing erections prematurely as a consequence of this feeling that "I am not experiencing the sensation of sex," because the condom has become dry. That may also cause lack of arousal, sensation, and enjoyment in the female partner. I think it's important to always purchase lubricated condoms. But for many couples, the amount of lubrication that is provided with condoms when they're sold in a package is not enough, and they may need to add lubrication at some point during sexual intercourse. Dry condoms can lead to increased friction, which may facilitate the process of the latex breaking down and the condom breaking. Dry condoms can also potentially cause slippage of the condom (perhaps to the point of falling off) during intercourse. Importantly, couples also need to know that only water-based lubricants can be used on condoms because oil-based lubricants will deteriorate latex and grossly compromise any protective value of the condom. Access is also an issue that deserves some attention. There are some studies suggesting that although cost may not be a primary issue relative to using condoms, general access may be. For example, it may be that people simply are not prepared for sex in terms of having a condom available. And obtaining a condom after the sexual interlude has begun may be something that just doesn't happen. Do you think most people underestimate their risk of STDs and HIV? There are some studies that show it's not unusual at all for people to underestimate their risk of acquiring an STD or HIV. There is something that has been termed optimism bias, which suggests that people inherently feel that they are somehow protected against maladies as compared to their peers who are like them and who may practice the same forms of risky sex. It's important for couples to realize that regardless of perceptions that one another may be healthy, the vast majority of sexually transmitted infections are asymptomatic, meaning that symptoms, if they're present at all, may not be noticeable to the person. It's not like having a cold. And in many cases, the symptoms may not even be noticeable clinically. Is it known if people are getting tested for STDs and HIV? The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that approximately one-third of United States residents currently infected by HIV are unaware of their status, so the lack of HIV testing is an important public health concern. Unlike HIV, however, testing for STDs has not been a "stand alone" health behavior. Instead, people are often tested for STDs only when they experience an otherwise unexplained symptom. An exception of great importance is that testing for HIV and STDs in the first trimester of pregnancy has become a common practice in the United States. What are some common mistakes people make when they use condoms? One of the most common mistakes that couples make when it comes to using condoms is they fail to use the condom from start to finish of penetrative sex. There's a perception that it's only the moment of ejaculation that creates risk, so what couples will do is use the condom only long enough to catch, if you will, the ejaculation. But before and after ejaculation occurs, there is potential for infectivity. Other examples would be using condoms that are not stored properly or that for any reason have been damaged. Couples who use condoms correctly should store the condoms in a cool, dry place. They should make sure the condom is not damaged in any way, whether that's a puncture hole through the package or even opening the package incorrectly. Teeth, sharp fingernails, scissors and other objects should never come near a condom. I again want to provide a caveat here that I think is critical, and that is the most common error of all errors is not using a condom at all. When do you think couples should talk about condom use? It's critical for couples to have that discussion before they become sexually aroused. When couples have already entered a stage of foreplay, it's much more difficult for most people to really slow down and talk about something as seemingly mundane as the prevention of disease. This discussion about disease is, in fact, antithetical to the whole scenario of love, romance, trust, intimacy. And so certainly, having the discussion during the sexual interlude or preceding the sexual interlude is highly problematic. Do you have any advice about how people can best broach the subject? Unfortunately, we really have very little research to suggest that one approach is better than another. I can only suggest that couples entering the conversation in the spirit of mutual decision-making are going to be way ahead compared to couples where one person is making the sexual decisions. APA Reference Staff, H. (2008, December 23). Being Smart About Condoms, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2021, September 23 from Last Updated: June 27, 2019 Medically reviewed by Harry Croft, MD More Info
Flu: Meaning, Diagnosis and Overview What is Flu? Recovery Time Most people recover completely within two to seven days. An irritating cough may persist for a week or so after other symptoms have gone. Diagnosis is done based on the physical examination of symptoms. There is a test to detect the flu. It is done by swabbing the nose or throat it is recommended very rarely. FAQs prepared by doctor 1. What is flu? 2. When shall one visit a physician? One shall meet doctor if rashes, bluish skin coloration, ear pain or diarrhea occurs 3. What are the complications of flu? Complications of flu include high fever, or fever with a rash, trouble breathing or rapid breathing, bluish skin color and aching muscles, especially in your back, arms and legs 4. How does one prevent flu? One can prevent flu by vaccinating themselves. Wash your hands thoroughly and frequently with soap, especially after using the bathroom, after coughing or sneezing, and before eating. Never pick up used tissues. Never share cups and eating utensils. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. 5. Why do I need to receive the flu vaccine every year? A flu vaccine is needed every year because flu viruses are constantly changing. It is not unusual for new flu viruses to appear each year. The flu vaccine is adjusted each year to keep up with the flu viruses as they change. Also, multiple studies conducted over different seasons and across vaccine types and influenza virus subtypes have shown that the bodys immunity to influenza viruses (acquired either through natural infection or vaccination) declines over time. Getting immunized each year provides the best protection against influenza throughout flu season. Flu, influenza virus, high fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pain, headache, cough, feeling tired, weakness, myalgia, pneumonia, watering eyes, skin irritation, watery eyes, body pain, joint pain, throat pain, flu vaccine, red eyes, vaccination, influenza, Flu doctor question answer, Flu facts,
TY - JOUR T1 - Post-release monitoring of bird translocations: why is it important and how do we do it? JF - Notornis Y1 - 2013 A1 - Kevin A. Parker A1 - John G. Ewen A1 - Philip J. Seddon A1 - Doug P. Armstrong KW - birds KW - post-release monitoring KW - reintroductions KW - restoration KW - translocations AB - Translocation is an important tool for the conservation management of birds in New Zealand. Early translocations marooned endangered species in predator-free environments, typically remote islands. However, modern integrated pest control, coupled with a proliferation of community-based restoration projects, has led to increased opportunities for translocations, particularly to mainland sites. Effective post-release monitoring of bird translocations is vital for improving overall translocation success. Here, we discuss why post-release monitoring is important and how it can be achieved, and suggest methods for documenting and monitoring translocation projects for birds. Key suggestions include: specifying the characteristics of each translocation, including how many birds are released, demographic composition and transfer processes; conducting post-release monitoring using discreet surveys and consistent sensible methodologies; individually marking birds; distinguishing immediate post-release effects from long-term site-related effects; and documenting the results in an accessible format such as a web-based database or published paper. We advocate a strategic approach whereby the intensity of post-release monitoring is directly related to the need and subsequent use of the data collected. VL - 60 IS - 1 ER -
Neues von 1. The prime numbers are those integers that can only be divided by themselves and 1. The first seven are $2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17.$ Sieve of Eratosthenes illustration This is an illustration of the sieve of Eratosthenes, which is designed to catch prime numbers. You can find out more about the sieve here. Adapted from a figure by SKopp, CC BY-SA 3.0. Every other positive integer can be written as a product of prime numbers in a unique way — for example $30=2\times 3\times 5 $ — so the prime numbers are like basic building blocks that other integers can be constructed from. This is why people find them interesting. We have known for thousands of years that there are infinitely many prime numbers (see here for a proof), but there isn't a simple formula which tells us what they all are. Powerful computer algorithms have enabled us to find larger and larger primes, but we will never be able to write down all of them. The prime number theorem tells us something about how the prime numbers are distributed among the other integers. It attempts to answer the question "given a positive integer $n$, how many integers up to and including $n$ are prime numbers"? The prime number theorem doesn’t answer this question precisely, but instead gives an approximation. Loosely speaking, it says that for large integers $n$, the expression \[ \frac{n}{\ln {(n)}} \] is a good estimate for the number of primes up to and including $n$, and that the estimate gets better as $n$ gets larger. Here $\ln {(n)}$ is the natural logarithm of $n$, which you can find on your calculator. As an example, let's take $n=1,000$. The actual number of primes up to and including $1,000$ (which you can look up in this list) is $168$. Our estimate is \[ \frac{1,000}{\ln {(1,000)}} = \frac{1,000}{6.9}\approx 145, \] which is a pretty good approximation. However, to be precise about what the prime number theorem tells us, we need to say what we mean by "a good estimate". The prime number theorem does not say that for large values of $n$ the difference between the true value and our approximation is close to $0.$ Instead, it tells us something about the question "what’s the approximation as a percentage of the true value"? To go back to our example of $n=1,000$, the true value was $168$ and the approximation was $145$. Therefore, the approximation constitutes a proportion of \[ \frac{145}{168}=0.86, \] of the true result, which translates to 86%. Not bad. For $n=100,000$ the actual number of primes up to and including $100,000$ is $9,592$, so that’s the true value, and the estimate was \[ \frac{100,000}{\ln {(100,000)}}=\frac{100,000}{11.5}\approx 8,686. \] Therefore in this case the estimate constitutes a proportion of \[ \frac{8,686}{9,592}=0.9, \] of the true value. This translates to 90%, so here the estimate is better than for $n=1,000$. Generally, the prime number theorem tells us that for large $n$ the approximation $n/\log {(n)}$ is nearly 100% of the true value. In fact you can get it to be as close to 100% as you like by choosing a large enough $n.$ A tree diagram The red curve shows the number of primes up to and including n, where n is measured on the horizontal axis. The blue curve gives the value of n/ln(n). The difference between true result and approximation increases as n grows, but the ratio between the two values tends to 1. To state the prime number theorem in its full mathematical glory using mathematical notation, let’s first write $\pi (n)$ for the number of primes that are smaller than, or equal to, $n$. The theorem says that \begin{equation} \lim _{n \to \infty } \frac{(n/\ln {(n)})}{\pi (n)} = 1.\end{equation} (1) If you know a bit of calculus you will know that you can swap the numerator and denominator here, so expression (1) is equivalent to \begin{equation} \lim _{n \to \infty } \frac{\pi (n)}{(n/\ln {(n)})}= 1.\end{equation} (2) The prime number theorem is usually stated using the second expression (2). It is also sometimes written as \[ \frac{\pi (n)}{n/\ln {(n)}} \sim 1, \] which in spoken language is "$\pi (n)$ is asymptotic to $n/\log {(n)}$ as $n$ tends to infinity." This article was produced as part of our collaboration with the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences (INI) – you can find all the content from the collaboration here. INI logo 2. Marianne Freiberger "This year we will have students going into the third year of their degree who have not had a single complete year of normal face-to-face education," says epidemiologist Mike Tildesley from the University of Warwick. It's a stark illustration of just how much the pandemic has disrupted student life, depriving students of what should have been one of the most formative, and fun, periods of their lives. This year most universities will no doubt do their best to give their students the experience they deserve. But even though there no longer is a government mandate on how to manage COVID-19 in higher education, many are still likely to employ some kind of measures to protect their students and the surrounding communities from COVID-19. Better the virus you know Lecture hall In the last academic year many lecture theatres remained empty. In contrast to 2020, when there was very little information to go on, universities will now have a body of research to guide their decisions. Tildesley, together with thirteen other epidemiologists and mathematicians, has recently published a comprehensive study, which analyses data from last year's autumn term to see what actually happened at universities in terms of COVID-19, and uses mathematical modelling to see whether interventions could help reduce outbreaks. Although this year is different, in both good ways (vaccinations) and bad ways (the Delta variant), the lessons learnt should on the whole still hold. "Things like vaccination will probably change some of the quantitative aspects of our results, but not necessarily the qualitative aspects," says Tildesley. The study is a result of a concerted effort by various research groups that started back in the summer of 2020, with a virtual workshop hosted by the Virtual Forum for Knowledge Exchange in the Mathematical Sciences (V-KEMS) and the Newton Gateway to Mathematics. Two follow-up events were run as part of the Infectious dynamics of pandemics programme at the Isaac Newton Institute in Cambridge, and a working group continued to meet regularly after that. Seven of the study's authors, including Tildesley, are members of the JUNIPER modelling consortium. The study suggests answers to a number of questions both students and staff of universities will find interesting. You can jump straight to the question you are interested in by clicking on the links below, or just keep reading to see the answers to them all. How did (and will) university outbreaks originate? When the autumn term started last year, the number of COVID-19 cases was on the rise in the UK. Following government advice, most universities offered a mixture of face-to-face and online teaching. Many also offered a testing regime and segmented halls of residence into smaller households. Despite these restrictions, some universities still saw large outbreaks. You probably remember the newspaper headlines, featuring desperate students stuck in self-isolation and complaining about inadequate food supplies. Luckily these weren't the norm. The recent analysis shows significant variation between institutions, raising the question of how those large outbreaks had originated. The mass migration at the start of term had always been a prime suspect in this context, so the team behind the recent study estimated the proportion of students likely to have arrived at each university already infected, based on COVID-19 data from the regions students came from. A simple probabilistic model then suggested that this proportion is linked to the probability of the university seeing an outbreak (which was defined as having more than a certain threshold number of cases). In other words, the pattern of observed outbreaks across universities was consistent with the idea that these outbreaks had been seeded by students arriving at the start of term already infected. (If you'd like to look at some of the maths involved in this model, see below.) While the model is simple and comes with caveats the result suggests a lesson worth keeping in mind for the upcoming autumn term. "The likelihood of seeing campus outbreaks is going to be dependent on the prevalence in the communities students are coming from," says Tildesley. "The size of any outbreak will depend on the transmissibility of the virus — we now have a more transmissible variant than twelve months ago. But we now also have a proportion of students being vaccinated. Those factors will trade off against each other." Halls of residence Once COVID-19 has entered a university, halls of residence provide an obvious breeding ground. To keep things under control when students arrived last autumn many universities divided their halls into smaller households: students were not supposed to socialise with anyone outside their own household and the whole household would go into isolation once a member showed symptoms or tested positive. Apple, books and blackboard What is the academic year 2021/2022 going to look like? At the time these measures were based on intuition: there wasn't much evidence on how the risk of transmission within halls compares to the risk in the community, and whether segmenting halls would make any difference. To gain some clarity, the team behind the recent study used as an example the data from one particular university, which manages 19 halls in total and had divided each into households of up to 16 members. They used a statistical technique called multi-variate regression (a version of linear regression which works when there are more than one variable) to figure out to what extent various factors would impact on the proportion of people in the halls that are infected by an incoming infection. (This proportion is called the secondary attack rate.) The factors the researchers considered here included the overall size of the hall, the median size of households in the hall, the proportion of students sharing bathrooms, and the proportion of students on medical courses (as a proxy for students at higher risk due to their course). The result is perhaps surprising: only the overall size of the hall and the proportion of students sharing bathrooms were associated with the secondary attack rate in the final multi-variate analysis. Although, as ever, there are limitations to the analysis, this suggests that splitting halls into households is of limited value when it comes to reducing the risk of transmission. A lot more effective, the analysis suggests, would be to only partially fill the hall and coordinate things so that the use of shared spaces is limited. Spilling over Last year's outbreaks on university campuses condemned many students to self-isolation in small rooms far away from home, with awful consequences on some people's mental health. But with most students being young, fit and healthy, the risk of them becoming seriously ill or dying was low. The same couldn't be said for the surrounding community, however. One of the worries about university outbreaks was that they would spill over, posing a high risk to vulnerable people living nearby. "One of the things we were particularly interested in was trying to identify any potential links between universities and communities," says Tildesley. "So that's looking for signals that might indicate whether a rise in cases in surrounding communities was in any way linked to a rise in cases on university campuses." CMS, Cambridge The Centre for Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge (home of Plus). In Cambridge there are many interactions between students and the community. Since students mix and interact with the local community, such links are hard to tease out from the data, but the team decided to use two approaches: one looked at geographical data on confirmed COVID-19 cases in areas with a high density of students and those nearby, while the other took account of people's ages. Those who were 18 to 24 years old served as proxy for students and other age groups represented the rest of the community. Careful analysis of these data sets, and information on outbreaks provided by universities, revealed a complex picture. "The conclusion we found here is that we did see evidence of spill-over in some, but not all cases," says Tildesley. "So there is no direct link there that applied in all settings." The reason for this is probably that universities are unique in the way they sit within their local communities (for example if they are campus universities or not) and that different universities applied different COVID measures. In one case, the researchers suggest that a large outbreak did not spill over because the university in question routinely tested students whether they had symptoms or not. This meant that even those who did not show symptoms could be made to self-isolate, rather than unwittingly spreading their infection further. Staggering returns As autumn 2020 progressed into winter Christmas started to loom large. The prospect of students fanning out across the country for their holidays, only to return in January potentially infected, led the UK government to advise universities to stagger their students' return over a five week period. They were also to be offered tests on arrival. The national lockdown imposed on January 4, 2021, prevented the staggering from being tried out, as most courses were then moved online. Instead of analysing data, the researchers therefore used mathematical models to predict the effect staggering returns might have on outbreaks at universities. "What we found is that ultimately, over the course of the term, there was no particular impact of staggering on the overall number of cases you would see on campus," says Tildesley. The work also showed that, while staggering can reduce the time students spend in self-isolation, and the peak number of students self-isolating on any given day, this only happens when the proportion of students testing positive is small. When it is high, then staggering can actually make things worse, as student households end up going into isolation several times. The researchers used four different mathematical models to arrive at their results. Two of them (an SIR model and an individual-based model) were kept nice and simple, while the other two (a compartmental model and a model based on a network) included a little more complexity. These models simulated the growth or decline of infections in hypothetical populations of students under various assumptions on the exact nature of the staggering and testing policy, mixing patterns between students and the social groups they belong to, the chance a student tests positive, and so on. You can find the details on the assumptions used for each model in the paper. Interestingly, one model also considered students' behaviour — to be precise the extent to which they isolate when they are told to, get themselves tested and have their contacts traced. "The model suggests that adherence to test, trace and isolate is a much stronger driver in reducing transmission than staggering," says Tildesley. You can stagger returns as much as you like, if your students don't stick to test, trace and isolate rules, the effect will be washed out. Testing, testing, testing lateral flow test The NHS test kit (Image: tommoh29) The January 2021 lockdown was imposed because of the emergence of the Alpha variant. This prompted the researchers to model how different testing regimes would fare in the face of more transmissible variants. They were particularly interested in regimes that routinely test students whether they have symptoms or not, and can therefore catch asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic cases. The model they used involved a layered network, with one layer representing students' household contacts and the other representing all their other contacts. The model was then used to gauge the impact on the number of positive cases under five different testing strategies: testing every 3, 7, 10 or 14 days, or no testing at all. The results show what you might expect: that more frequent testing better controls the number of infections. What's somewhat shocking, though, is that once you're dealing with a more transmissible variant such as the Alpha variant, testing needs to be at its most frequent to prevent a major outbreak — and that means testing every student every three days. The currently dominant Delta variant is of course even more transmissible than Alpha. So what will happen this year? The biggest difference between this and last year is that now we have the vaccines. But since not all students will be fully vaccinated, and the vaccines aren't 100% effective, outbreaks on campuses are still possible. The results of the recent study still give important guidance on the qualitative nature of these outbreaks, their links to the community, and what measures might work to fight them. "One of the key things we are trying to establish at the moment is the proportion of students that will be vaccinated, as that will obviously have an impact on what we might expect to see upon students returning come the end of September," says Tildesley." Of course the vaccination status of international students is also important, and could potentially drive what will happen." As mentioned above, the effect of a proportion of students being vaccinated will play off against the more transmissible Delta variant, and the amount of COVID in students' home regions will impact the number of students arriving at university infected. "What happens in September in the community is going to give us an indication of what we expect to see when universities reopen," says Tildesley. The effect of vaccines will be payed off against the greater transmissibility of the Delta variant. In general, Tildesley thinks that each university should take an approach tailored to its own unique conditions. "Universities are very diverse in the way they operate, so I think they need to take a risk-based approach," he says. "They need to base their decisions on the risk to their students and the potential benefits to their students." "Clearly we want to prevent large outbreaks on student campuses, but we need to think about students' mental health as well. I know how important it is for students to experience student life and they have just not done that in the last two years. This is why we need to look at the risks associated with returning to face-to-face teaching and relaxation of the rules, and weigh them up against the benefits for students of these things for their own well-being and learning. There has to be some kind of balanced approach moving forward to try and get back to normality." A bit of maths... Here’s a way of figuring out whether the pattern of outbreaks at universities is consistent with the idea that they were seeded by students arriving infected at the beginning of term. First stipulate the number of cases that constitute an outbreak. In their paper the researchers used 200 cases, and then repeated their analysis for 400 cases. Next, estimate the number $n$ of incoming infected students for each university, and allocate universities into groups according to the value of $n$: the first group contains universities with up to 10 incoming infections, the second with between 10 and 20 incoming infections, and so on. From the data for each outbreak it is possible to estimate the probability $p$ that an incoming infection fails to produce an outbreak. If all the outbreaks were seeded by incoming infections, then the probability $P$ that a university experiences an outbreak would be \[ P=1-p^ n. \] (Here it’s assumed that the probabilities of infections failing to produce an outbreak are independent of each other.) Now for each of your groups (which were produced according to the number of incoming infections) calculate the fraction of universities in that group that experienced an outbreak. This then is an estimate of $P$ for universities in that group. If these estimates for $P$ look roughly like the theoretical probability calculated above, then this suggests that the pattern of outbreaks is consistent with the idea that they were seeded by incoming infections. See the paper for more details. These plots are taken from the paper. They show how the theoretical probability calculated above (red curve) compares to the proportion of universities that had an outbreak (blue stars). In the left plot an outbreak was classified as more than 200 cases and in the right plot as more than 400 cases. Reproduced under CC BY 4.0. About this article Mike Tildesley Mike Tildesley Mike Tildesley is Professor in the Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research at the University of Warwick, a member of JUNIPER, and a member of the Scientific Pandemic Influenza Modelling group (SPI-M) that advises the government on the scientific aspects of the pandemic. You can listen to a podcast featuring Tildesley here. Tildesley was interviewed by Marianne Freiberger, Editor of Plus, in August 2021. She would like to thank Louise Dyson and Ed Hill, co-authors of the study and members of JUNIPER, for their help with this article. Juniper logo INI logo 3. This week a team from the University of Graubünden in Switzerland announced that they have calculated the decimal digits of the number $\pi $ to a record 62.8 trillion places. The calculation took 108 days and 9 hours, making it over three times faster than the calculation that gave us the last record, which had calculated the digits of $\pi $ to a mere 50 trillion places. Here are the first few digits of the number π. The number $\pi $ is what you get when you divide a circle's circumference by its diameter and is the same for any circle, no matter how big or small. The number is irrational, which means it can't be written as a fraction. It also means that its decimal expansion is infinitely long and doesn't end in repeating blocks. It would be impossible to write down the entire decimal expansion of $\pi $ (you'd need an infinite amount of time and an infinite piece of paper). All we can ever hope to do is calculate a finite piece of it, giving us an approximation of $\pi $ — the more decimal places, the more accurate the approximation. Because $\pi $ lies at the heart of any technology involving rotation or waves, it has many uses outside of maths. You need it to construct rotating parts in jet engines, for example, or the rings used in medical imaging devices like CAT or MRI scanners, and for frequency calculations for mobile phone and GPS devices (find out more in this article). Many of these uses of the number $\pi $ require you to know its value to a high degree of accuracy, but that's not the reason why the Swiss team, and most other $\pi $ record hunters out there, go to the effort they do. The latest record was achieved by a team from the Centre for Data Analytics, Visualization and Simulation (DAViS) at Graubünden, who wanted to test and show off their computing expertise. "Our attempt at the record had several aims," said Heiko Rölke, Head of DAViS. "In the course of the preparation and execution of the calculations we built up a lot of know-how and optimised our processes. This is particularly useful for our research groups with whom we are working on computing intensive projects in data analysis and simulation." Computers can perform the calculations a lot faster than any human could ever hope to, but at the heart of those calculations lie mathematical formulas you could, in theory at least, work out with pencil and paper. There are various mathematical algorithms that allow you to calculate the value of $\pi $ to any degree of accuracy if only you execute sufficiently many steps of the algorithm. A relatively simple one comes from the infinitely long sum \begin{equation} 1 - \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{5} - \frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{9} + \ldots \[ \]\end{equation} (1) The more terms in this sum you add (or subtract), the closer the result to the value of $\pi /4$. In fact, by adding sufficiently many terms you can get as close as you like to the value of $\pi /4$. You then only need to multiply your result by $4$ to get an approximation of $\pi $. The problem with using our expression (1) is that you need to include a large number of terms to get a decent degree of accuracy. If you include 100 terms and multiply the result by $4$, you get $3.146567747182956$. This is fairly close to $\pi =3.141592653589793...$ but it’s not a particularly accurate estimate given the effort involved in adding up 100 terms. The DAViS team used an algorithm based on a more complex looking sum, which was published in 1988 by the Chudnovsky brothers. The sum is written as \[ \frac{1}{\pi } = 12 \sum _{q=0}^{\infty } \frac{(-1)^ q(6q)!(545140134q+13591409)}{(3q)!(q!)^3(640320)^{3q+3/2}}. \] The symbol $\sum $ tells us that we are dealing with a sum in which each term has the form that comes after the $\sum $ symbol. The $q=0$ at the bottom of the $\sum $ means that for the first term in the sum you substitute $q=0$ in the expression after $\sum $, for the second term in the sum you substitute $q=1$ in the expression after $\sum $, for the third term in the sum you substitute $q=2$ in the expression after $\sum $, and so on. The infinity sign on top of the $\sum $ symbol means that you keep substituting values of $q$ forever, all the way up to infinity. For any $q$, the expression $q!$ stands for \[ q! = q \times (q-1) \times (q-2) \times (q-3) \times... \times 2 \times 1. \] The more terms of this sum you add up, the closer the result to $1/\pi .$ You now only need to divide $1$ by your result to get an approximation for $\pi $. The Chudnovsky algorithm is the most efficient method that is know for calculating the decimal places of $\pi $. For more on how to approximate $\pi $ using infinite sums, see our article How to add up quickly by Chris Budd. For the record, the last ten digits in the known part of the decimal expansion of $\pi $ are $7817924264$. Congratulations to the DAViS team! 4. Many aspects of our lives today are possible thanks to machine learning – where a machine is trained to do a specific, yet complex, job. We no longer think twice about speaking to our digital devices, clicking on recommended products from online stores, or using language translation apps and websites. Since the 1980s neural networks have been used as the mathematical model for machine learning. Inspired by the structure of our brains, each "neuron" is a simple mathematical calculation, taking numbers as input and producing a single number as an output. Originally the neural networks consisted of just one or two layers of neurons due to the computational complexity of the training process. But since the early 2000s deep neural networks consisting of many layers have been possible, and are now used for tasks that vary from pre-screening job applications to revolutionary approaches in health care. Deep learning is increasingly important in many areas both outside and inside science. Its usefulness has been proven, but there still are a lot of unanswered questions about the theory of why such deep learning approaches work. And that is why the Isaac Newton Institute (INI) in Cambridge is running a research programme called Mathematics of deep learning (MDL), which aims to understand the mathematical foundations of deep learning. To introduce you to the ideas involved, and to understand more about what the MDL programme is all about, we are putting together a collection of articles and podcasts over the next six months. Start by reading our introductions to the area, and stay tuned for more! Maths in a minute: Artificial neurons — When trying to build an artificial intelligence, it makes sense to mimic the human brain. Artificial neurons do just that. Maths in a minute: Machine learning and neural networks — Machine learning makes many daily activities possible, but how does it work? Find out in this brief introduction. Maths in a minute: Gradient descent algorithms — Whether you're lost on a mountainside, or training a deep neural network, you can rely on the gradient descent algorithm to show you the way! What is machine learning? — Find out how a little bit of maths can enable a machine to learn from experience in this more in-depth introduction from the Plus library. The agent perspective — In this collection from the Plus library, deep learning pioneer Yoshua Bengio explains why he thinks that true artificial intelligence will only be possible once machines have something babies are born with: the ability to interact with the world, observe what happens, and adapt to the consequences of their actions. Seeing traffic through new eyes — Traffic is not just annoying, it can also come at a high cost to human and environmental health. This article from the Plus library explores how a form of deep learning is being used to help understand traffic, so that suitable city planning can tame it. Artificial intelligence takes on COVID-19 — In this article from the Plus library, we find out how researchers from the AIX-COVNET project are developing a tool that will utilise deep learning to help diagnose COVID-19. If you'd like more mathematical detail then you can watch talks from the GRA programme on the INI website. To see more Plus articles about machine learning click here. We produced this collection of content as part of our collaboration with the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences (INI), an international research centre and our neighbour here on the University of Cambridge's maths campus. INI attracts leading mathematical scientists from all over the world, and is open to all. Visit to find out more. INI logo 5. You are out on a mountain and the mist has descended. You can't see the path, let alone where it leads, so how on Earth do you find your way down to the safety of the village at the bottom of the mountain? Never fear! Maths has come to your rescue! You can use a gradient descent algorithm – a mathematical technique for finding the minimum of smooth (i.e. differentiable) functions! The mist is so thick that you can't see into the distance, so instead, you have to work locally. You can explore the ground very close to where you are standing and figure out which direction is downhill and head that way. That's how a gradient descent algorithm works, though instead of feeling which way is downhill with your feet and body, you can find the downhill gradient mathematically using calculus. (Exactly what the algorithm looks like depends on the problem, you can read some of the details on Wikipedia, which is also where we first came across the lovely misty mountain analogy.) Reflections in Loch Katrine Maths can find the way! If we are using this algorithm on a mountainside we are working our way over a two-dimensional surface. You can easily imagine this algorithm going wrong and you ending up in some local minimum where every direction is uphill and you are stuck in hole, a pit of despair halfway down the mountain and not the safety of the village at the bottom. In some mathematics problems you might be happy with a local minimum, and the gradient descent algorithm is a reliable way to find one of these. But if what you want is the global minimum, you might have to move to higher-dimensional ground. A saddle point A saddle point on a surface, the red line tracing the progress of a gradient descent algorithm On a two-dimensional mountainside you have a limited number of directions to choose from: North, South, East and West and combinations of these. But in higher dimensional spaces there are a lot more directions to try. And thankfully it turns out that you can show mathematically that you'd have to be really unlucky to end up in a place that is a local minimum in every possible direction: even if in many of the directions it looks like you are in a hole (in a local minimum), you can be almost certain that at least one of the many possible directions will lead you out downhill (which means you're at what's called a saddle point, rather than in a hole), and you can carry on moving downhill towards the safety at the bottom. The gradient descent algorithm has a really good chance of leading you to the global minimum. We came across the gradient descent algorithm in the context of machine learning, where a neural network is trained to do a certain task by minimising the value of some optimisation function as you move over a mathematical surface. And in this case the mathematical surface equates to the space of possible configurations of the weights given to the connections between neurons in your neural network. (You can read a brief introduction to machine learning and neural networks here.) The gradient descent algorithm is often used in machine learning to find the optimal configuration for the neural network. The reliability of the gradient descent algorithm in higher dimensions is the solution to something called the curse of dimensionality. We spoke to Yoshua Bengio, one of the pioneers of something called deep learning, where neural networks are incredibly complex and have lots of layers, leading to very high dimensional vector spaces to explore to find the best mathematical function to perform a machine learning task. It had been thought that it would be impossible to optimise things for these bigger neural networks. The fear was that the machine learning algorithms, such as the gradient descent algorithm, would always get stuck in some sub-optimal solution – one of those local minima or pits of despair on the side of the mountain – rather than reach the best possible solution. But in fact Bengio and colleagues were able to mathematically prove that you are more likely to find yourself at a saddle point, rather than a local minimum in these higher dimensions, and in fact machine learning performance gets better with bigger neural networks. Read more about machine learning and its many applications on Plus. INI logo
Write My Paper Abstract Vs Introduction: Key Similarities and Differences Abstract vs Introduction Is an abstract the same as an introduction? This is one of the questions we receive most frequently, so we thought it would be a good idea to write an article about the abstract vs introduction problem. Most students don’t know how to differentiate between the two, especially if they are new to academic writing. Even though the two things are somewhat similar, there is at least one major difference between introduction and abstract. In this article, we will discuss the similarities and differences between the two. What is the difference between an abstract and an introduction? Let’s find out! The Abstract Vs Introduction Problem Introduction vs abstract: which one does what? Because many professors don’t explain these two terms to their students, it’s easy to confuse them. We consider that this is not the students’ fault. If they don’t know the difference between an abstract and an introduction, it’s easy to make a grave mistake. Of course, you will get penalized harshly for this. This blog post aims to provide information about abstract vs introduction scientific paper writers need to make sure they don’t get an F on their next essay. Abstract and Introduction: What Are They? So, let’s discuss abstract vs introduction APA style. An abstract is basically a summary of a complex paper (such as a thesis or a research paper). The abstract summarizes all the different parts of the paper, including the research problem, the objectives, the methods, the results, and the conclusion. After reading the abstract, the reader should know exactly what the paper is about and how it is structured. The length of an abstract is around 250-300 words. The introduction, on the other hand, is there to give your readers an idea of what you are about to talk about and introduce your thesis statement. It can contain a bit of background information, but it does not delve into the specifics of your research methods or results. Also, the introduction does not discuss the conclusion of the paper in any way. The Key Difference Between Abstract and Introduction OK, but what is the major difference between abstract and introduction? In simple terms, the abstract is a summary of the entire research paper. It briefly discusses the methods, results and conclusion. The introduction, on the other hand, is there to entice the reader to read the entire paper. It discusses just the background of the problem and the objectives of the paper. You will never see the conclusion being discussed in an introduction. Is an APA abstract vs introduction different from MLA or other types of academic writing? No, the abstract and the introduction are just as different regardless of the academic writing style. You should never confuse one for the other because the consequences can be a rejected paper or at the very least a very low grade. Introduction vs Abstract: The Similarities Now that you know the main difference between an abstract and introduction, it’s time to talk about similarities. This should help you avoid any confusion: • Both the introduction and the abstract are placed at the beginning of a research paper. In fact, an abstract can be considered a de-facto introduction. • Both the abstract and the introduction are there to provide some information about the subject and about the objectives of your research paper. • Both can be used as a way to attract the interest of a reader. However, this is where the similarities end. Never assume that you can write an introduction in place of an abstract. Of course, you can’t write an abstract in place of an introduction either. This is the information about abstract vs introduction lab report writers need to know before they start writing their first paper. We know that sometimes writing an abstract can be more difficult than the introduction to abstract algebra in high school. However, with practice, you will quickly get the hang of it. Abstract and Introduction Examples To help you understand the meaning and role of an abstract better, we have written an example abstract for you and broken it down into pieces: 1. As of 2021, residual herbicide that is accumulating in certain crops is posing a growing threat to the rice-wheat rotation in northern India. (The background part) 2. When it comes to pesticides and pesticide metabolites, green manure has been shown to stimulate ample co-mineralization. By incorporating it into the soil, the effects of the herbicide residue can be mitigated. (The objectives part) 3. During a three-year study at the North Indian Wheat Research Institute, Azolla Pinata and A. Carolingiana have been used as green manure. The effects of the green manure on the Propanil and Buthachlor herbicides has been evaluated, as well as the mineralization and co-metabolization of the herbicides, using a process known as liquid chromatography. (The material and methods part) 4. Initial results indicate that Azolla Pinata caused the Propanil herbicide to co-mineralize in 14 days. However, the green manure did not have the intended effect on the Buthachlor herbicide during the study. (The findings part) 5. After analyzing the findings of the study, we can say for certain that Azolla Pinata used as green manure can prevent residual Propanil accumulation. (The conclusion part) An example introduction for the paper would look something like this: Residual herbicides are posing a growing threat to the systems of rice-wheat rotation in Northern India. According to a recent study by the North Indian Wheat Research Institute, Azolla Pinata is able to co-mineralize some herbicides. Understanding the process by which this happens is important for the future of Indian rice and wheat crops. This research paper aims to answer the following question: how does green manure co-mineralize certain herbicides? We will first analyze the soil and the herbicide accumulation, then we will discuss the effects of green manure, and finally we will analyze the potential applications. Need Assistance? Abstract versus introduction: I still don’t understand the difference! No problem, you are certainly not the only one. Many students are emailing us to get more information about these two important parts of their research papers. Instead of struggling to write something you don’t understand, why don’t you get some one on one help from our academic writing experts? In case you don’t know how to write the abstract or are struggling to write an excellent introduction for your paper, we can help you. We can not only write you an abstract introduction, but also help you with the research and analysis part of your paper. It goes without saying that our writers and editors can also write your paper from scratch from start to finish. You will get an awesome essay that will thrill your professor. Getting a top grade is now easier than ever with our help. We know that you are probably reluctant to get help from an online academic writing service. However, we can assure you that our experts will do a great job. All our papers are 100% original, written from scratch. We do not sell pre-written papers, period. And remember, getting quality assistance with your introduction and abstract is just one message away. What are you waiting for? Make PhD experience your own Write my thesis Leave a Reply
Here's How Much Water California Needs to Save This Year California's new rules will save the state almost 500 billion gallons in the next nine months. What does that amount of water look like? A skier threads his way through patches of dry ground at Squaw Valley Ski Resort aaMarch 21 2015 in Olympic Valley... A skier threads his way through patches of dry ground at Squaw Valley Ski Resort, March 21, 2015 in Olympic Valley, California.Max Whittaker/Getty Images He may have dropped the news on April Fools Day, but California Governor Jerry Brown's new water rules are no joke. Issued while standing in the bone dry Sierra Nevada mountains---which are usually packed with snow this time of year---Brown's executive order will affect every user in the state, from cities to golf courses, parks to agriculture. The edict attacks the water shortage in four ways: by reducing water waste, implementing stricter waste enforcement, streamlining the bureaucratic processes for water management, and developing new technologies to reduce both usage and waste. Most strikingly, Brown's plan called for a statewide, mandatory reduction of water use in cities and towns by 25 percent. According to the executive order, this would save 1.5 million acre feet of water in the next nine months. Why nine months? Because that's when California's wet season (hopefully) starts again. An acre foot is literally an acre of land covered with one foot of water. Multiplied by 1.5 million, that's about 490 billion gallons of water1. But most people can't even visualize the volume of water they use in a single day, which is about 80-100 gallons, or about three fully filled bath tubs. Oh, speaking of bath tubs, Brown's plan calls for skipping about 7.1 billion of them. Or 20 billion short showers. Or about 500 billion tooth brushing sessions. For the flush-conscious, that's about 460 billion number ones (If it's yellow, let it mellow!). OK, that got a little gross. And maybe you're better at visualizing that water all in one place. Whip out your favorite map and find the Great Salt Lake. 1.5 million acre feet would be about the same as skimming a foot off the surface of the largest lake west of the Rockies. More of a city person? That's roughly the same volume as 1,766 Empire State Buildings. Which would be enough Empire State Buildings to cover Central Park almost four times over. But even that massive volume of water savings doesn't really count towards the 11 trillion gallons of deficit that Californians have racked up since 2011. It just makes sure that 2015 doesn't put the state into a deeper hole. It'll be up to the individual cities and towns to decide where they’ll drain 25 percent of the water from their budgets. But Brown’s plan calls for even more savings, using measures at the state level. It's a potpourri of carrot and stick. For example, agriculture---the state's biggest overall user---will be hit with stricter enforcement for waste and illegal usage. (Almonds, the state's crop du jour, drink up about six times as much water annually as what Brown is calling to save.) Likewise, golf courses, campuses, public parks, and anything else requiring sprinklers will have to cut off the irrigation, or switch to drip systems. In fact, many state-owned lawns will be torn up and replaced with drought-resistant landscaping. Ok, so it's mostly stick. But at least there's a part that says residents will get rebates for buying more efficient replacements replacing for their water-guzzling appliances. So yeah California, the party is definitely over. And if all this makes you feel like having a drink, just keep in mind that 1.5 million acre feet equals 31,534,009,225 kegs of beer. 1. Correction 12:34 EST 4/2/2015 Originally, this was worded to say that one acre foot equaled 490 billion gallons of water. It's only 325,851 gallons. We'd skipped the part where we multiplied one acre foot by 1.5 million.
How to Control Hunger Pangs If you want to lose weight constantly, you should learn how to control hunger pangs. Our body adopts hunger as the natural way of telling us that it lacks energy and nutrients. Therefore, we experience a strong desire to have food. Unfortunately, hunger cannot tell us about the amount of energy that we need to consume from our food. As a result, we tend to eat more food than required and start gaining weight. The situation becomes more challenging with so many calorie-rich food products available in the market. Many studies done in this field indicate that controlling hunger is a natural and ongoing process. It involves multiple complex processes including physiological and psychological ones. When you feel hungry, your body sends chemical messages one after the other to the brain. The messages contain information about the fat stores in your body, blood glucose levels, and food in your stomach. The brain analyzes these messages and calculates the energy levels required by the body. Remember, following a healthy eating pattern is the simplest way of controlling hunger pangs. For this, you need to have 5-6 small meals everyday. Other than this, you can munch on foods, which contain very low amount of calories. For example, you can eat carrots or enjoy fruit salad when you feel hungry between two meals. This will help you keep full control on your weight and enjoy a good health. You can never gain weight by eating vegetables unless you add butter or mayonnaise. Same is true for most of the fruits available in the market. If you want to control hunger, avoid eating processed foods. Switching to fruits and vegetables is another way of controlling hunger pangs. Tips on controlling hunger Have protein-rich foods in every meal that you have. This is because protein helps in suppressing hunger and controlling hunger pangs. Eat at least 5-6 servings of light meals to minimize the intensity of such pangs Avoid eating simple sugar foods. Include high fiber foods to as it fills your stomach. Exercise regularly as it helps in controlling appetite and food intake.
270px\|Farringdon_.html" style="text-decoration: none;"class="mw-redirect" title="Farringdon, Hampshire">Farringdon ">Farringdon, Hampshire">Farringdon The headwaters of a river or stream is the farthest place in that river or stream from its estuary or downstream confluence with another river, as measured along the course of the river. It is also known as a river's source. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) states that a river's "length may be considered to be the distance from the mouth to the most distant headwater source (irrespective of stream name), or from the mouth to the headwaters of the stream commonly known as the source stream". As an example of the second definition above, the USGS at times considers the Missouri River as a tributary of the Mississippi River. But it also follows the first definition above (along with virtually all other geographic authorities and publications) in using the combined Missouri—lower Mississippi length figure in lists of lengths of rivers around the world. Most rivers have numerous tributaries and change names often; it is customary to regard the longest tributary or stem as the source, regardless of what name that watercourse may carry on local maps and in local usage. This most commonly identified definition of a river source specifically uses the most distant point (along watercourses from the river mouth) in the drainage basin from which water runs year-around (perennially), or, alternatively, as the furthest point from which water could possibly flow ephemerally. The latter definition includes sometimes-dry channels and removes any possible definitions that would have the river source "move around" from month to month depending on precipitation or ground water levels. This definition, from geographer Andrew Johnston of the Smithsonian Institution, is also used by the National Geographic Society when pinpointing the source of rivers such as the Amazon or Nile. A definition given by the state of Montana agrees, stating that a river source is never a confluence but is "in a location that is the farthest, along water miles, from where that river ends." Under this definition, neither a lake (excepting lakes with no inflows) nor a confluence of tributaries can be a true river source, though both often provide the starting point for the portion of a river carrying a single name. For example, National Geographic and virtually every other geographic authority and atlas define the source of the Nile River not as Lake Victoria's outlet where the name "Nile" first appears, which would reduce the Nile's length by over (dropping it to fourth or fifth on the list of world's rivers), but instead use the source of the largest river flowing ''into'' the lake, the Kagera River. Likewise, the source of the Amazon River has been determined this way, even though the river changes names numerous times along its course. However, the source of the Thames in England is traditionally reckoned according to the named river Thames rather than its longer tributary, the Churn — although not without contention. When not listing river lengths, however, alternative definitions may be used. The Missouri River's source is named by some USGS and other federal and state agency sources, following Lewis and Clark's naming convention, as the confluence of the Madison and Jefferson Rivers, rather than the source of its longest tributary (the Jefferson). This contradicts the most common definition, which is, according to a US Army Corps of Engineers official on a USGS site, that "eographersgenerally follow the longest tributary to identify the source of rivers and streams." In the case of the Missouri River, this would have the source be well upstream from Lewis and Clark's confluence, "following the Jefferson River to the Beaverhead River to Red Rock River, then Red Rock Creek to Hell Roaring Creek." Sometimes the source of the most remote tributary may be in an area that is more marsh-like, in which the "uppermost" or most remote section of the marsh would be the true source. For example, the source of the River Tees is marshland. The furthest stream is also often called the head stream. Headwaters are often small streams with cool waters because of shade and recently melted ice or snow. They may also be glacial headwaters, waters formed by the melting of glacial ice. Headwater areas are the upstream areas of a watershed, as opposed to the outflow or discharge of a watershed. The river source is often but not always on or quite near the edge of the watershed, or watershed divide. For example, the source of the Colorado River is at the Continental Divide separating the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean watersheds of North America. A ''river'' is considered a ''linear'' geographic feature, with only one mouth and one source. For an example, note how the Mississippi River and Missouri River sources are officially defined: * , Length: , Source: , Length: , Source: Related usages The verb "rise" can be used to express the general region of a river's source, and is often qualified with an adverbial expression of place. For example: ''The River Thames rises in Gloucestershire.'' ''The White Nile rises in the Great Lakes region of central Africa.'' The word "source", when applied to lakes rather than rivers or streams, refers to the lake's inflow. See also * Source of the Amazon River * Source of the Nile * Spring (hydrology) * Strahler number * Water well DeBarry, Paul A. (2004). Watersheds: Processes, Assessment and Management. John Wiley & Sons. Category:Water streams Category:Fluvial landforms Category:Freshwater ecology Category:River morphology {{Hydrology-stub
Last month you may have noticed Star Wars Day on the 4th of May (“May the Fourth be with you”) but you may have missed World Password Day which occurred a few days later. It’s on the first Thursday of May. The original idea came from famed security researcher Mark Burnett. He encouraged people to institute their own “password day” once per year, where they would update all their accounts with a new, random password. Humans being what they are, no one could really be bothered, and the idea remained dormant for the better part of a decade. However as businesses were hit harder by hackers, semiconductor giant Intel took up the idea again in 2013 as part of its ongoing security initiatives. From that point onwards the event has grown amongst tech industries. Server attacks have been increasing, year on year, as security companies and hackers constantly play catch-up with each other. One of the most alarming developments is ransomware, which encrypts your data until you pay a ransom. Ransomware often targets medium-sized businesses, medical institutions, charities and schools. Which are large enough to extort but have significant points of weakness through many non tech-savvy staff. Whilst wanting everyone to use the most secure random strings of characters, we have to be realistic about the social aspects and the need for convenience when using passwords. A move by some companies to automatically lock people out of systems unless they changed their passwords every 90 days ended up degrading security as rushed employees often used weaker or reused old passwords. Passwords rules need to be pragmatic or people will not adhere to them. Here are our top tips for passwords: Passphrases not Passwords For ‘bruteforce’ attacks, length of password is actually more important than complexity of characters. So choose a password at least 16 characters long, (most sites ask for 8 characters). Mix Them Up Mix Uppercase, Lowercase and special characters such as !# – but be aware that if you are travelling and have to use a foreign keyboard, you may not be able to find some characters like £. Be Anti-Social It is not just birthdays, but many people use pets names, cities, hobbies, bands and sports references that can be gleaned from their social media accounts. Use memorable words not associated with you or your institution. Need to Know Basis Restrict access and audit your users. Accounts with less users are more secure and easier to investigate if there is a problem. Remember to remove user accounts from staff that have left the school and only give top-level permissions to staff that need them. For example on our websites we assign different permissions to administrators of the site and editors who only need limited access to do their work. Feel free to discuss this with us. Different Passwords for Different Things 90% of people use the same 5, or less, passwords for all their accounts. It is unrealistic to use a different password for every account, but you should at least have different classes of passwords for different activities. It is not so bad if your Netflix account gets hacked, unless you use the same password for your bank. Naturally, have different passwords for personal and school accounts. Single Passwords are Dying Most in the tech industry think single passwords as we use them now have reached the end of their shelf-life and that we will need more diversified approaches to security. Biometrics such as fingerprint and facial recognition are already becoming commonplace. MFA – Multi Factor Identification Multi Factor Authentication should be used where available. Also known as two-factor authentication (2FA); for example when you log into a website and you also receive a passcode on your phone to continue. Password Managers You may already be using password managers such as Apple’s Keychain or Chrome’s inbuilt password manager. Third party password managers can generate different, secure passwords for all your accounts, that you won’t have to remember as the password manager will handle them for you. Here are some of the most popular ones. Act Now It is always distressing to deal with a hacked computer or website. The panic of not knowing if you have lost years of work, or even worse, compromised personal or financial details. Strengthening your passwords regularly is the best personal action you can take to reduce the risk of getting hacked. You can check out the strength of your passwords at sites such as: Change your passwords today! and we’ll remind you again next World Password Day. #StaySafe James Dolan 123ICT Websites & Product Development
Exercises for Jaw Pain We see so many patients who describe jaw pain, jaw clicking or jaw locking. We have decided to publish this blog post to show you some of the common exercises that we regularly prescribe to patients. What is the TMJ? The temporo-mandibular joint (or TMJ for short) is the joint which connects the jawbone to the skull. It allows you to laugh, eat, yawn and chew. You have two joints on either side of your face and both temporo-mandibular joints work together to achieve optimal movement of the jaw and mouth. In fact, one of the muscles of your jaw, the masseter, is the strongest muscle in your body (relative to its size). TMJ pain is common and is an indicator that something is not right. Other common problems that our patients describe is painful clicking, locking and tightness in the jaw. Symptoms can range from mild and not affecting your life very much to very severe and debilitating symptoms which affect your ability to eat, talk, yawn and brush your teeth. Some people ask us “Do jaw exercises actually work?” and the good news is “Yes – they do!” In 2010, a study in Journal of Dental Research found that jaw exercises resulted in more mouth opening range than a dental splint alone. So, it’s important to try and keep your jaw moving as best you can when it’s sore. We have included some excellent videos of exercises below. Remember, if your jaw pain or clicking persists, please see a physiotherapist who is experienced in jaw assessment and treatment. If you are concerned that you are grinding your teeth (this is known as bruxism), or your partner tells you that you are grinding your teeth in your sleep, please see you dentist to ensure your tooth enamel can be protected. Jaw Strengthening and Relaxation Exercises Our exercise videos will help re-balance your jaw muscles and strengthen any muscles that might be weak. Try the exercises where you are resisting your own jaw muscles, as this is a safe and effective way to strengthen your jaw. 1. Jaw relaxation exercise Place your tongue onto the roof of your mouth and allow your mouth to open whilst you relax your jaw muscles as best you can. 2. Chin tucks Gently tuck your chin downwards like you are nodding “Yes”. You are trying to lengthen the back of your neck here. This exercises strengthens the supportive muscles of the jaw. 3. Goldfish opening exercises Place your tongue on the roof of your mouth. Place one finger on your TMJ in front of your ear and another finger on your chin. Open your mouth half way and then close. Try to open in a straight line if you can. You will need a mirror to watch your mouth open. Repeat 6 times and do this three times per day. 4. Resisted mouth opening Place a fist underneath your chin and gently resist your own mouth opening. Resist this muscle activation for 3-5 seconds and repeat this 3 x per day. 5. Jaw side glides Gently open your mouth slightly. Place two fingers against the side of your chin and push sideways against your chin. Resist this push with your jaw muscles, so that there is no movement of your chin at all. Hold for 3-5 seconds and repeat x 3 in one session. WARNING: This exercise should make your jaw feel and open better. Or perhaps it will not change your jaw motion very much. It SHOULD NOT make your jaw feel or move worse. If it does, please cease this and see a jaw physiotherapist. What can cause pain in the jaw? Pain in the jaw can be caused by several different issues: a) Locking or malposition of the internal disc b) Tightness of the muscles of the jaw c) Referred pain from the neck or base of skull d) Weakness or imbalance of the muscles of the jaw Because there are multiple different reasons that your jaw can become sore, it’s important that you see a physiotherapist who is experienced with treating jaw pain to be properly assessed. One thing we commonly see at Active Physiotherapy Newtown is patients who have a combination of reasons, that is, they have referred pain from the neck + imbalance in the jaw. So, it can be tricky and needs proper assessment and treatment. How to relax your jaw There’s only one way to relax your jaw – and that is to rest the tongue onto the roof of the mouth. This allows the jaw muscles to soften – it’s important to have the intention of relaxing your strong jaw and throat muscles as best you can. If you have pain in your jaw, your brain might be trying to protect you by clenching these muscles, so don’t be surprised if relaxing those same muscles is harder than you think. Sometimes lying on your back helps relax your jaw, throat and neck muscles. Self-massage of the outside jaw muscles using some moisturiser cream or light massage oil can really help. Simple rest your elbows on a solid desk or dining table and rest your head in your hands (to relax your jaw and neck muscles). From here work your way gently massaging the outside jaw muscles from lower to upper. Feel free to also massage above your ears in the muscles of your temple and side of head. We find a lot of our patients with jaw pain have some form of stress in their lives, either when the jaw pain starts or when it is worse. Clearly, stress influences our jaw (which is a neurologically rich area). So, any way you can de-stress will really help your jaw. We know this is easier said than done but meditation is a wonderful way to down-regulate. Staying away from stressful situations / people can also help (though we understand sometimes this is impossible). What Jaw Pain Management Services we offer in the Sydney CBD and Newtown At Active Physiotherapy Newtown & CBD, we have several physiotherapists who are highly experienced at treating jaw pain. Our helpful front desk staff will triage you accordingly when you call. We will spend an hour in uninterrupted time with you on your first session, assess your jaw and related areas of the body fully. This will allow us to understand how well (or poorly) you move, and how this relates to your jaw symptoms. We will then discuss our findings with you, so you can understand as much about your symptoms as possible. You will have the chance to ask questions, which we will happily answer. It’s important to us to empower you to move and feel your best. Once we have determined the cause of your jaw pain or clicking, we will perform our specialised treatment and we will then re-assess to see what effect this treatment has had. From here, we will provide you with exercises like what we have shown on the videos in this blog. Disclaimer: The advice and exercises presented in this article are general in nature and not intended to replace a full physiotherapy assessment. Please see your physiotherapist to have a full assessment of your jaw to understand your individual needs.
After Earth Wiki Average Skrel vessels. The Skrel are a mysterious alien race from an unknown world that periodically attempts to drive humanity off Nova Prime which they effectively consider a sort of holy land. No human has ever laid eyes upon the Skrel, and their true name (if they have any at all) is unknown to humanity. No Skrel has ever been seen or studied by humanity, but observations of the Ursa and their ships has led the Savant to believe that the skrel themselves may lack optical organs, seeing the world in some unfathomable manner. Most of what is known about Skrel technology is known from the examining of their spacecraft and robotic drones. Their ships are made from alloys that had never been encountered by humanity until after the Skrel attacks (causing speculation on how far the Skrel had traveled), and they are equipped with energy shields highly resistant to fusion-burst weaponry. It is known that their technology is entirely different from the race that unwittingly provided humanity with lightstream travel, but they seem to have very efficient interstellar spacecraft that have been able to avoid much of humanity's satellite networks. When the Skrel returned unexpectedly in 933 A.E., it was noticed that their designs had changed little since their original invasions. They have also demonstrated significant abilities with genetic engineering with the creation and continued development of the Ursa, a powerful creature that has proven highly effective against humanity. The Skrel are believed to have many more creatures adapted from genetic engineering, however, these creatures remain unknown to humanity. When humanity left earth they had no knowledge of the Skrel, the first attack came as a terrible surprise in 243 A.E. when a Skrel fleet arrived in the skies over Nova Prime City. Despite steep odds the Rangers defended the populace and the alien threat was routed. Little Skrel technology survived the battle, robbing scientists of a chance to thoroughly study the enemy. The United Ranger Corps relied entirely on fusion-burst cannons for defense, but they proved ineffective against the Skrel Hulls. That devastating days-long attack confounded the Rangers, commanded at the time by Patrick Wulf. The troops braced themselves for a ground assault to follow the airstrikes, but it never came. In the end, not a single Skrel vessel intentionally landed on the surface. Instead, the Skrel bombarded Nova Prime City and the outlying colonies with a soul-crushing death toll. What baffled the tactical experts was how selective the shots were, attacking the man-made structures and almost reverently leaving the world itself untouched. That alone saved countless lives. The Rangers were stymied and the people were panicking. The Primus, M'Liss Cornetta, told the worshipers seeking answers, "we have strayed, my friends. We have strayed from the precepts our people have long embraced. And this is the result. Death. Destruction. the pain of knowing our loved ones are lost to us. But remember-this is not the first time we have been tested. Our Ancestors took off from Earth with nothing but the unknown ahead of them. Despite everything, they survived. And we will survive as well-by finding the strength our ancestors discovered on the arks. We have grown complacent, my friends. We allowed ourselves to believe that we have conquered every challenge-that we were the masters of our house. But there is always someone greater." While the Primus saw it as some form of cosmic punishment, the Prime Commander wondered if the planet held some strategic importance, implying other life lurked among the stars and posed new unimaginable threats for the people. Savant Bree Kincaid conjectured the technology on display didn't match that of the alien race that accidentally bequethed Lightstream technology to humans, but she saw the attack patterns showing an almost reverent desire to leave the world's ecosystem untainted. During those dark times, Carter Raige was convinced he saw a skrel vessel crash, and his father, [[Jason Raige,, led combat flyers in search of the wreckage, hoping to find clues as to the enemy's appearance, intentions, or technology. While the flyers found nary a piece of shrapnel, Carter Raige went deep within a cevasse where he soon found the ship. What he discovered of the flying craft was badly burned, while its crew had been incinerated, depriving the Savant Kincaid of alien corpses to study. Carter Rage, though, found intact pulsing modules that he took from the ship and brought back to the Savant. These modules turned out to be energy-field generators that were capable of blocking up to 80 percent of fusion-burst cannon fire. Additionally, studies showed the fields also interfered with the Rangers flyers' sensors which explained why the aircraft never located the wreckage. When studies showed t fusion-burst cannons would remain ineffective against the Skrel, Savant Kincaid accepted her cousin Jack Kincaids recommendations, and that turned the tide. As soon as the quantum-trapping weapons were deployed, the Skrel were speedily shot down. Within a day, the remaining Skrel ships withdrew from Nova Prime airspace and vanished. The alien energy modules served as a warning that humanity now had an enemy with unknown motivation and superior technology. Preparation became the new watchword for the united Range Corps. Starting with Savant Bree Kincaid and her successors, efforts were made to begin salting the planetary system with satellites that would act as early warning beacons. Resources were diverted to study the Skrel's approach and retreat, trying to determine where in the galaxy they had come from, which might suggest their motivation for attack. Additional concerns were raised over whether or not other races were out there and which ones might also harbor designs on Nova Prime or humanity. Jason Raige, who succeeded Wulf as Prime Commander reconfigured the United Ranger Corps, creating an Elite response Squad that would be prepared to defend humankind should the Skrel return. Additionally, Response and Recovery squads were created to deploy wherever the Skrel Attacked. Based on their study from the initial attacks, unscheduled drills occurred with brutal regularity until Raige was satisfied the people would be protected. It was not until 350 A.E. that the Skrel returned. The attack was brief but destructive. What turned out to be robotic drone craft arrived, fired, and self-immolated. There was still significant loss of life, including that of Prime Commander Esteban O'hara. How the Skrel eluded the satellite system was a concern, and in the aftermath Savant Tak Kawasaki insisted the entire fleet of satellites be upgraded, or replaced in addition to doubling their number. Additional studies during the years following this brief attack yielded nothing concrete about the Skrel. They had clearly not been idle, though, as they did return bringing the Ursa with them. Ever since that first infiltration of Ursa in 576 A.E. the Skrel have avoided direct attacks on Nova Prime until an unexpected and particularly brutal attack in early tenth century A.E. Nothin about the assault matched the few previous events, confounding military strategists. It was repelled but not before a wide swath of destruction befell the major cities on Nova Prime. The goals of the Skrel are uncertain, there is no information concerning where they hail from, and no human being has ever seen a Skrel. The only thing that is clear is that they want humankind eradicated from Nova Prime and the reason why remains a hotly debated point of contention. The mystery of their intentions toward Nova Prime is only magnified by the fact that there is no trace that the world has ever housed any intelligent life (or even significant complex life). Over many centuries geologists sought in vain to find evidence that there was ever civilization on the world. The Skrel's long-standing enmity toward humanity remains the subject of academic speculation and has spawned countless works of fiction about who they are and what they desire. It is unknown if the Skrel have a true name for their species, the term "Skrel" was coined by Carter Raige ancestor of Cypher Raige who, like his descendant, would grow to become a Prime Commander. He was in the canyons beyond Nova Prime City when the ships arrived, he was the first to be close enough to the alien ships to see the alien characters on their sides, calling them Skrel based on the characters similarity to English ones.
I'm a beginner so maybe this is really simple, but I'm trying to make multiple holes through a cylinder from top to bottom. As a beginner, I tried boolean, but that of course breaks the mesh into pieces. I'm sure there's a way how to do it. Thank you very much for answering. Reference picture • 2 $\begingroup$ This is a tricky thing to do, especially as a beginner. If it doesnt have to be done with geometry I would use a material with transparency controlled by a texture with holes. If it needs to be a geometry I would use boxes instead of cylinders with cut out front/back walls, then I would connect them using edit mode and F hotkey, when done I would use subdivision surface to smooth it out. It is not trival, I will answer it more fully when out of work, unless someone else answers by then :) $\endgroup$ Jul 11 '18 at 8:03 • $\begingroup$ I would use this photo as a background and create as many circles (like 12 vertices circles) and join the holes between them with F, you will have triangles but it's ok, then select all peripheral vertices, extrude them and W > Looptools > Circle: zupimages.net/up/18/28/o54d.jpg $\endgroup$ – moonboots Jul 11 '18 at 8:21 • $\begingroup$ What did you mean by "Breaks the mesh into pieces"? I just created a Cylinder and an array of Cylinders and then used the Boolean Modifier to create the Difference. I can then apply the modifier and get rid of all the extra objects. $\endgroup$ – rob Jul 12 '18 at 10:08 • $\begingroup$ rob: Well, can you then use subsurf? I tried this approach even with starting with high poly meshes, trying avoid subsurf, but still wasn't good and the mesh was not clear at all. As this is like 20% of the product I'm trying to model, it needs to be pretty detailed. Can you please show how does your mesh look? $\endgroup$ Jul 12 '18 at 13:57 Alright as promised, I am attaching images that should help to visualize what I am describing. It probably is not the only way of doing it, but it gives you fairly nice control, no triangles and subdivides nicely. First I would create a plane, inset it using I and remove the insides with X. enter image description here Secondly I would arrange the shape of holes using the square-holes. I did less than you need, but I am lazy and I think it describes technique well. Third thing would connecting all the holes using F, using extrusion, and removing doubles every now and then you should be able to get to get the fairly round shaped thingie with holes arranged as you want. Next, I have extruded border out and smoothed it out pressing Space followed by 1 (this "spheres it out" as much as possible). At this point I made sure to count how many vertices there are on the border of the object. For me it was 28. enter image description here Then I have added a cylinder with the same amount of verts (28) and removed it's cap and then connected it with the hole-thingie, Using F. Then I have selected the edge and beveled it a bit using ctrl+b. Finally added subidivision surface modifier and smooth shading.. and you're done :) I think this information helps you out, if not, let me know, I will try to describe it more clearly :) enter image description here • $\begingroup$ Lot of work, but looks really promising. I will try probably after the weekend and I'll definitely mark your answer as correct. Thank You! $\endgroup$ Jul 12 '18 at 13:58 • $\begingroup$ Yar it's always a lot of tedious work required when you want your stuff look good in 3d :) You could try @Robin Belts answer as well, it does require more steps but is also a very promising way of achieving your goal :) $\endgroup$ Jul 12 '18 at 19:05 This is a modeling approach to reproducing your reference closely. It's even more work than @internetofmine's, I'm afraid I haven't included all the shortcuts yet.. If you do decide to try it, and get stuck, comment and I'll edit the answer. Because this is essentially a Sub-D approach, you'll see the illustrations flip between subdivision level 2 (Ctrl 2) and 0 (Ctrl 0), which you do all the time if you work that way. enter image description here 1. First, center your reference image. Create a circle. Having Imported the reference as a plane, uniformly scale and move it about until the central hole lines up with the circle. CtrlAltCset the plane's origin to the 3D cursor 2. Create another (six-sided) mesh circle with radius 1, Fill, Inset, Delete central face. 3. In edit mode, duplicate the mesh elements twice, snap them together as shown, and remove doubles (Ctrl V > Remove Doubles). enter image description here 1. Assign a subsurface modifier level 2, and scaling the reference about the 3D cursor to center the holes, but scaling the holes in the faces with the pivot set to Individual Origins to resize the holes, find the right base-shape for the mesh elements, but still with an outer cell radius of 1. 2. Now we can switch off the subsurface modifier, and delete a few faces, to leave us with a 2-cell element, suitable for making an array. enter image description here 1. Assign 2 Array Modifiers, the first is set to a relative offset in X of 2/3 (you can enter the fraction straight into the X field). The second is set to a constant offset in Y of 3. Up the counts to cover the reference holes. 2. Alt-Select the outer edges of the original cell rim. 3. (After making a duplicate for safety,) apply the array modifiers. The edges should still be selected. 4. Dissolve them, and the resulting topology should be as shown. Select the loop corresponding to the central hole, ShiftS > Cursor to selected, and then CtrlAltCset the geometry's origin to the 3D cursor. Now recenter the cursor, and set the geometry's Transform>Location to 0,0,0, and we're all squared up. enter image description here 1. Now (switching your subsurface modifier on and off to help you see, if you need to) in the top 1/3 pf your geometry, select the loops around the smaller holes in the reference, and adjust their size, using Scale with pivot set to Individual Origins. You will need to move the holes a bit, too. 2. Make 2 cuts with (K)the knife tool. One vertically, point-to point from the central hole, and the other in the 11 o'clock direction constrained to the center of the edges it passes, by holding Ctrl 3. Ensuring no other edges are selected after the operation, rip the cuts. V 4. Hover over the geometry outside the wedge, select linked (L) , and delete it, leaving the wedge. 5. Assign a Mirror modifier (in X) and an Array Modifier with an Object Offset to the wedge. I've brought our measuring-circle back to life to use as the object for the array offset. 6. Set the array Count to 6, and rotate its offset object in Z by 60 degrees. 7. Make sure Merge is checked in both modifiers, including First & Last in the array, and up the merge distance, backing off if you see any change in topology. enter image description here 1. Delete any geometry which is not part of the rims of the holes in the reference image. 2. Select any edges from your cut seams that were not part of the geometry before you made the cuts... enter image description here 1. Apply the Mirror and Array Modifiers. The edges you selected in step 17 should still be selected: dissolve them. 2. Alt Select the perimeter edge-loop, and make it into a circle. I used the built-in add-on 'Loop Tools'>Circle. enter image description here The rest is extrusions. Snappy, this ain't. But it has some techniques I've found useful elsewhere. • $\begingroup$ Interesting method, but I as a beginner didn't make it work by this method :) I got stuck in the array section... I will play with it little bit more when I finish this model. Thank You! $\endgroup$ Jul 16 '18 at 21:29 Your Answer
Where are Egyptian geese found? “Egyptian Geese are found throughout Africa south of the Sahara, throughout the Nile River valley (Beazley 1974), and are a common resident in Kruger National Park, South Africa (Newman 1980).” Are Egyptian geese native to UK? Native to central and southern Africa, Egyptian Geese have been present in Europe as an exotic species since at least the 17th Century. Naturalised populations in Germany, the Netherlands and eastern England remained relatively small, but have expanded considerably since the 1980s. Do Egyptian geese make good pets? Geese are good pets, they are great at keeping grass short and weeding, and they make good guard geese. … Egyptian geese typically eat seeds, leaves, grasses, and plant stems. Occasionally, they will eat locusts, worms, or other small animals. Egyptian geese usually pair for life. Where do Egyptian geese sleep at night? They are normally seen walking through fields of short vegetation and feeding on grass… like sheep. And instead of spending the night in the safety of ponds, lakes or rivers, Egyptian Geese sleep in trees… like monkeys. Can you shoot Egyptian geese in the UK? You can catch alive or kill, as well as take, damage or destroy the nests, or take or destroy the eggs of: Canada geese. Egyptian geese. THIS IS IMPORTANT: Frequent question: Is hunting bears allowed? What is the difference between male and female Egyptian geese? What are baby geese called? Young birds before fledging are called goslings. The collective noun for a group of geese on the ground is a gaggle; when in flight, they are called a skein, a team, or a wedge; when flying close together, they are called a plump. Goslings, unlike baby mammals, are self-sufficient within days of birth. What preys on Egyptian geese? African fish eagle preys on Egyptian Goose gosling. Are Egyptian geese invasive? Alopochen aegyptiaca (Egyptian goose) [original text by J. Marchant]. Invasive Species Compendium. Hunt invitation
6 Natural Ways to Purify Your Water glass of water Water is very crucial to our bodies since it is the largest composition of our blood. Besides that, there are several benefits attached to taking water; it is a source of refreshment for your body, cleans the internal organs, aid in digestion, prevents dehydration, and ensures you do not experience frequent headaches among many other benefits. However, before consuming water, ensure it is well purified to eliminate any harmful substances and pathogens that might be present in the water. There are both natural and artificial ways of purifying the water we consume. In this article, we will highlight some of the natural water purification methods. 1. Boiling This is one of the best natural ways to purify water to make it safe for human consumption. It has been used since time immemorial by our forefathers to treat their drinking water and it has proved effective. You simply put your water in a boiling pot and heat it over the heat until it boils. Let it cool then consume it. All pathogens are destroyed during boiling. 1. Exposure to solar radiation The UV rays from the sun are very powerful and capable of destroying any micro-organisms present in your water meant for consumption. When you wish to purify water and there is no artificial way out, try exposing the water to solar radiation and you will be amazed to note that your water becomes safer than before for consumption. The only precaution to take while using this natural technique of water purification is never use poly vinyl materials to hold the water; it can result in side effects such as cancer. 1. Through apple together with tomato peels You will be surprised to hear that the apple peels and tomato peels we often throw away while using these fruits can work magic when it comes to water purification. These peels are very effective in removing toxic metal ions dissolved in the water among other water pollutants. This method is natural and the results are amazing. 1. Putting some Seaweed in your water Research has it that seaweed survives from nutrients drawn from sewage treatment areas. Seaweed requires the inorganic nutrients that are present in contaminated water to survive. Adding the seaweed in your water removes any inorganic nutrients present leaving your water pure and healthy for consumption and domestic use. 1. Sand and charcoal Soil particles in water are among the most common water contaminants that require being extracted during water purification. These soil particles make your water look cloudy. To remove these from your water and make it look crystal clear, simply use sand and charcoal in a filter. You will get very clear water with no contaminants. 1. Lemon and its Juice Lemon is very effective when it comes to killing pathogens and harmful bacteria present in water. This is actually the reason we use it to rub our fingers before eating to sanitize our hands. Adding lemon or its juice to water removes any pathogens present especially bacteria such as E. coli. Water purification is crucial and should be part and parcel of our routine before consumption of water. It makes the water safe for our consumption and reduces any risks of contracting illnesses from pathogens and bacteria that might be present in our water. The natural water purification methods discussed above are very effective and zero cost since you do not need special machines to purify your water. Adapt them and make your water safe for consumption. Source: https://waterfilteronly.com You may also like... Leave a Reply
Book HomeWebmaster in a Nutshell, 3rd EditionSearch this book 17.4. Cookies Persistent-state, client-side cookies were introduced by Netscape Navigator to enable a server to store client-specific information on the client's machine and use that information when a server or a particular page is accessed again by the client. The cookie mechanism allows servers to personalize pages for each client, or remember selections the client has made when browsing through various pages of a site—all without having to use a complicated (or more time-consuming) CGI/database system on the server's side. Cookies work in the following way: when a CGI program identifies a new user, it adds an extra header to its response containing an identifier for that user and other information the server may glean from the client's input. This header informs the cookie-enabled browser to add this information to the client's cookies file. After this, all requests to that URL from the browser will include the cookie information as an extra header in the request. The CGI program uses this information to return a document tailored to that specific client. The cookies are stored on the client user's hard drive, so the information remains even when the browser is closed and reopened. 17.4.1. The Set-Cookie Response Header A cookie is created when a client visits a site or page for the first time. A CGI program looks for previous cookie information in the client request and, if it is not there, sends a response containing a Set-Cookie header. This header contains a name/value pair (the actual cookie) that comprises the special information you want the client to maintain. There are other optional fields you may include in the header. The Set-Cookie header uses the following syntax: Set-Cookie: name=value; expires=date;path=pathname; domain=domain-name; secure Multiple Set-Cookie headers may be included in the server response. The name=value pair is the only required attribute for this header, and it should come first. The remaining attributes can be in any order and are defined as follows: Both name and value can be any strings that do not contain either a semi-colon, space, or tab. Encoding such as URL encoding may be used if these entities are required in the name or value, as long as your script is prepared to handle it. This attribute sets the date when a cookie becomes invalid. The date is formatted in a nonstandard way, like this: Wednesday, 01-Sep-96 00:00:00 GMT After this date, the cookie becomes invalid, and the browser no longer sends it. Only GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) is used. If no expires date is given, the cookie is used only for the current session. The path attribute supplies a URL range for which the cookie is valid. If path is set to /pub, for example, the cookie is sent for URLs in /pub as well as lower levels such as/pub/docs and /pub/images. A pathname of "/" indicates that the cookie will be used for all URLs at the site from which the cookie originated. No path attribute means that the cookie is valid only for the originating URL. This attribute specifies a domain name range for which the cookie is returned. The domain-name must contain at least two dots (.), e.g., .oreilly.com. This value covers both www.oreilly.com and software.oreilly.com, and any other server in the oreilly.com domain. The secure attribute tells the client to return the cookie only over a secure connection (via SHTTP and SSL). Leaving out this attribute means that the cookie is always returned, regardless of the connection. 17.4.2. The Cookie Request Header Each time a browser goes to a web page, it checks its cookies file for any cookies stored for that URL. If there are any, the browser includes a Cookie header in the request containing the cookie's name=value pairs. Cookie: name1=value1; name2 =value2; . . . Returned cookies may come from multiple entries in the cookies files, depending on path ranges and domain ranges. For instance, if two cookies from the same site are set with the following headers: Set-Cookie: Gemstone=Diamond; path=/ Set-Cookie: Gemstone=Emerald; path=/caves when the browser requests a page at the site in the /caves path, it returns: Cookie: Gemstone=Emerald; Gemstone=Diamond Both items share the same name, but since they are separate cookies, they both apply to the particular URL in /caves. When returning cookies, the browser returns the most specific path or domain first, followed by less specific matches. When the Cookie header is encountered, many servers pass the value of that header to CGI programs using the HTTP_COOKIE environment variable. See Chapter 12 for more information on CGI environment variables. The preliminary cookies specification places some restrictions on the number and size of cookies: • Clients should be able to support at least 300 total cookies. Servers should not expect a client to store more. The limit on the size of each cookie (name and value combined) should not exceed 4KB. • A maximum of 20 cookies per server or domain is allowed. This limit applies to each specified server or domain, so www.oreilly.com is allowed 20, and software.oreilly.com is allowed 20, if they are each specified by their full names. An issue arises with proxy servers in regard to the headers. Both the Set-Cookie and Cookie headers should be propagated through the proxy, even if a page is cached or has not been modified (according to the If-Modified-Since condition). The Set-Cookie header should also never be cached by the proxy. Most web servers and clients still support the original cookie specification proposed by Netscape. Recently, the IETF has issued an Internet draft proposal for an updated cookie specification. This document describes new Set-Cookie2 and Cookie2 headers to eventually replace the original headers. They add additional attributes for comments and path specifiers. Clients and servers that implement the new headers should be backwards-compatible with the original specification. The draft proposal can be found at the following URL: Library Navigation Links Copyright © 2003 O'Reilly & Associates. All rights reserved.
Anti-rabies vaccination camp held at Takling Rabies, a zoonotic disease had spread far and wide in the small town of Kalimpong, in the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas, India. Rabies is carried both by wildlife and by dogs. Because of rabid dog bites in humans, previously there was an increase in human mortality rates without any cure to this fatal disease. The Municipality then felt strychnine poisoning of dogs was the only resort to fight against this ghastly disease. Many people living in small hamlets and outlying villages were attacked by rabid dogs. The virus had spread from one dog to another. When the mortality rate grew,people started to concentrate on the cure to this disease with thebelief thata local healing plant called ‘Dhatura’, could be used to combat rabies; the local medicine wasn’t of any use. ‘Vaccination ‘was new to village people, and previously nobody had attempted to introduce rabies vaccine to these villages and town. The Municipalities of both Kalimpong and Darjeelingwere poisoning dogs until Kalimpong and Darjeeling Animal Shelters came into existence and introduced rabies vaccine to people without taking anything in return from the community. This marked an epoch in the history of Kalimpong Animal Shelter. The shelter staff travelled every day to towns and villages to catch the dogs, bring them back to the shelter, sterilise and vaccinate them, and release them in the place they were caught after a full recovery. Although,some roads weren’t accessible to vehicles,the staff of KAS and DAS travelled by foot through paddy fields near and far to vaccinate dogs and spread awareness to the community on ‘rabies vaccine’. Eventually, the town and outlying villages saw a big change in their community with dog bites declining every year. The awareness programme conducted by Kalimpong Animal Shelter twice every week helped people understand and accept that ‘ rabies vaccine’ was the only effective means of combatting the disease. From early beginnings, Kalimpong Animal Shelter has had an impact on the community due to hard work and dedication. Today,the shelter is still carrying out ‘camps’ in remote, outlying villages andin town areas. People are notified about anti-rabies vaccination camps through posters and social media or through a village co-ordinator. This year KAS and DAS conducted an anti-rabies vaccination camp in a village name ‘Takling’ where 134 dogs were vaccinated against rabies. The photos accompanying this story were taken at Takling camp. Yogita Chettri Publicity Officer The total no. of Village camps including ARV and ABC conducted so far by Kalimpong Animal Shelter is 306 where thirteen thousand nine hundred and ten dogs (13910) were vaccinated against rabies and two thousand and twenty six (2026) dogs spayed and neutered
Leptospirosis: is there a cure? Understand symptoms and transmission You have probably heard about leptospirosis. The disease is known to be transmitted by the rat pee during floods and in soda cans (the latter much more difficult than the first case). It is a serious disease and, therefore, it is important to be careful, avoiding becoming infected. What is leptospirosis? Leptospirosis is a disease caused by the leptospira bacteria. It is a zoonosis, that is, it is transmitted by animals. This bacterium is usually present in the urine of rodents and is usually transmitted to humans or other animals when it comes in contact with the mucosa (eyes, mouth, nose) or small wounds during floods, for example, but it can also be present in lakes. The bacteria lodges in the renal channels, but can be found in other parts of the body in the most serious cases. Most leptospirosis infections are not dangerous, but around 10% of cases can cause death. The mechanisms by which the bacteria act and cause the disease are unknown, but it is known that it can cause serious problems. Although there is no human vaccine for leptospirosis, the canine version exists and serves to protect domestic dogs from the disease. The leptospirosis code in the tenth edition of the International Register of Diseases, the ICD-10 , is A27 . What are the types of leptospirosis? Although it can be caused by more than 15 different types of bacteria from the same family, the disease is usually classified into only two types, one with few symptoms and the other extremely dangerous. Are they: Anicteric leptospirosis Anicteric leptospirosis is a mild form of the disease and the vast majority of patients carry this version. Symptoms are usually mild or, in some cases, not even present. Approximately 90% of patients have this version of the disease. It gets its name as opposed to the icteric version, which causes jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) and is much more dangerous. Jaundice leptospirosis Jaundice leptospirosis affects the liver so that it cannot metabolize bilirubin (a pigment), thus causing jaundice, which is the yellowing of the skin and eyes as a result of the accumulation of yellowish pigment. This is also the most dangerous version of the disease, which can be called Adolf Weil’s Disease or Weil’s Disease . This variety of infection can kill due to bleeding complications that affect the lungs, for example, or other damage. Causes: what is the etiologic agent of leptospirosis? Leptospirosis is caused by a bacterium called Leptospira interrogans , which is often present in the urine of the rat. The bacterium has a spiral shape and, under the microscope, resembles a question mark. Infected humans are accidental hosts and do not transmit the disease. The agent is found mainly in rodents, but it can also affect several other animals such as dogs and cattle, which can also transmit the bacteria through urine. In addition, it can also live in water for up to 3 months . Humans, although they can be infected, do not have the bacteria in the urine and therefore do not contribute to the Leptospira transmission cycle . Transmission of leptospirosis The transmission of leptospirosis occurs, in most cases, during contact with contaminated water, especially in floods. Rats urinate on the streets and sewers, and floods carry the bacteria present in the urine to people in the flooded areas. In addition to the floods, it is also possible to contract the disease by swimming in a lake or river where contaminated animals urinate. Although these are the most common modes of contamination, it is not the only one. Other animals, if infected, can also transmit leptospirosis through urine. Dogs, for example, if they get the disease, have this ability. They can also transmit to other dogs through mating, since in them the bacteria is also present in the reproductive tract. But water is not the only means of transmission since the bacteria can survive on land and mud for some time. Stepping barefoot on land where an infected animal has urinated can allow Leptospira to penetrate the body if there is a cut in the skin. Even without cuts, it is still possible to have infection of the organism if the contact is prolonged. Professionals who deal with animals, such as veterinarians and keepers, must protect themselves with gloves to avoid contact with the bacteria, which may be present in animals. What are the risk factors for leptospirosis? Anyone is liable to be infected by the leptospirosis bacteria, but some factors increase the risks. Are they: Floods are the main and most famous risk factor for leptospirosis. Cities are the habitat of rats, the main vectors of the disease, and they can urinate on the streets, inside the sewage or rainwater galleries, and when a flood occurs, the urine mixes with the water. This facilitates the contact of the bacteria with anyone who is currently on the street, which, depending on the size of the city, can mean thousands of people. Any wound can be a gateway to the microbe and even if there are no wounds, if it comes into contact with the mouth, nose or eyes, contamination is possible. Finding yourself in a flood does not necessarily mean that you will be contaminated, but the chances increase a lot, so it is recommended to avoid street water. Walk barefoot In rural regions, this is one of the most common methods of contamination. When a contaminated animal – be it a dog, mouse or any other person – urinates on the floor and a person steps in that barefoot place, a small, even tiny, wound is enough for the bacteria to be able to enter. It is always important to wear shoes to avoid the disease. Non-existent or inefficient basic sanitation The lack of basic sanitation results in human waste in the open in many cases. This means that contact with human urine – which can also transmit leptospirosis if the person is ill – can also cause the infection. If there is no drainage of rainwater, there is also the facilitation of floods and the difficulty in cleaning the urine of animals, which creates an environment conducive to the proliferation of the bacteria that causes leptospirosis. Inadequate garbage collection If garbage collection in a region is not carried out or is inadequate, contaminated animals can be attracted to the tailings. This facilitates contamination in the region as several animals with the bacteria can be gathered in a small space. What are the symptoms of leptospirosis? The two versions of leptospirosis have similar symptoms, but they are more intense in the icteric version, which manifests them more intensely than those of the anicteric one. These symptoms can take 1 to 30 days after exposure to appear, but the most common is that this happens between the 7th and the 14th day. The most common symptoms are: fever is a mechanism of the immune system used to fight infections such as leptospirosis. The symptom may indicate the presence of the infection, which, in the case of the disease, is usually high (above 38 degrees) and can be a dangerous symptom. The headache is one of the most common symptoms of leptospirosis. About 75% of infected patients experience headache at some level, even in the weakest cases. Muscle aches Like headaches, the infection can cause muscle pain even in the weakest cases. The intensity of the pain is low in these cases, but it can be quite uncomfortable when the disease is jaundiced. Vomiting and diarrhea Approximately half of the patients experience vomiting and diarrhea . It is especially important that, in these cases, the patient is well hydrated as these symptoms cause high water loss from the body. Jaundice in leptospirosis is a sign that it is the most serious version of the disease, which bears the name icterus due to this symptom. The condition is the yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes due to the accumulation of bilirubin , a pigment naturally produced by the body. Normally, bilirubin is metabolized by the liver and deposited in the gallbladder, forming part of the bile. In turn, bile is used to dissolve fats that reach the intestine and, therefore, bilirubin leaves the body through the stool. When the liver is unable to metabolize bilirubin, the pigment remains in the bloodstream and accumulates in tissues such as the skin and eyes, causing it to turn yellow. If there is jaundice in leptospirosis, it means that the bacteria is infecting the liver in addition to the kidneys. It can also be in other parts of the body. Dark urine and light stools When bilirubin stays in the blood instead of being processed by the liver, it is eliminated in the urine. This causes the urine to be dark yellowish in color, very strong. On the other hand, since the pigment is being eliminated by the urine and not by the feces, they are clear, since it is the bilirubin that gives the typical color of the fecal cake. The hepatomegaly is the enlargement of the liver , which can be caused by infection by leptospirosis. The condition can also cause reduced liver function, resulting in several problems in the body. The splenomegaly is the enlargement of the spleen. Infection with leptospira bacteria can affect the organ and cause it to enlarge, as well as the liver. Renal insufficiency Leptospirosis can cause kidney failure in different intensities and in different ways, since this disease affects, above all, the kidneys. In milder cases, it is possible that it causes proteinuria, a simpler condition in which some proteins are eliminated in the urine (which should not happen since the kidney must filter these proteins). However, in the most severe cases, it can cause severe kidney failure, which causes the body to maintain various toxins that should be eliminated by urine. Insufficiency can happen by several means ranging from the direct toxicity of the bacteria to the kidneys to the presence of bilirubin because of jaundice. The kidneys are not prepared to deal with the pigment and, over time, can be damaged by it. High digestive bleeding Hemorrhagic symptoms are signs that leptospirosis is in a serious condition and it is essential that medical attention is sought when this is the case. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract . The upper gastrointestinal tract is composed of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach and duodenum. When there is bleeding from any of these structures, upper gastrointestinal bleeding is characterized. In such cases, the patient may spit or vomit blood. In addition, the blood that flows into the intestine can make the stools look extremely dark – black – and change their odor. It can also cause difficulty in swallowing, pressure drop, fainting and weakness due to blood loss. Pulmonary hemorrhage Pulmonary hemorrhage is another extremely severe symptom of icteric leptospirosis and is a major cause of death. In these cases, the bacterium causes bleeding in the lungs, which damages the organ, making it difficult or even impeding breathing, in addition to other symptoms related to blood loss. The symptom usually arises only in advanced cases of severe leptospirosis, but it is what kills the most. Approximately 50% of patients who develop this symptom die. How is leptospirosis diagnosed? Leptospirosis is a disease caused by bacteria. There are some ways to make the diagnosis when the disease is suspected, which due to the symptoms, can be confused with dengue , hemorrhagic fever, malaria or viral hepatitis, among others. Who makes this diagnosis can be a general practitioner or an infectious disease . Blood test The blood test is used to identify some signs that may indicate leptospirosis. For example, it is possible to identify the presence of bilirubin at high levels, which can indicate liver problems. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA-IgM) The ELISA-IgM test is a test that seeks to find out whether there are antigens (substances that make the body produce antibodies) of leptospirosis. Through chemical reactions, these antibodies and antigens are identified. Depending on the reaction to which substances and antibodies, it is possible to know which bacteria are present in the sample. Thus, the diagnosis of leptospirosis and several other infections can be carried out accurately. Is leptospirosis curable? -Yeah . Often leptospirosis, when it is anicteric (lighter version), is cured without medical intervention by the patient’s own immune system. For this reason, in several cases the person does not even know that he has been infected. However, in cases where the symptoms appear, especially when they are strong and related to the jaundiced version (with jaundice), it is important that there is medical treatment for the elimination of bacteria. The use of antibiotic medications is essential in this case for a cure to be achieved. What is the treatment of leptospirosis? The treatment of leptospirosis involves the use of antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria, in addition to rest and treatment of symptoms. It is possible for the patient to rest at home, but in the most severe cases – such as jaundice – they may require the patient’s hospitalization in order for the disease to be cured. How long does leptospirosis treatment take? Treatment can last from 5 to 7 days with antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria. It is extremely important that the medicines are used during the time recommended by the doctor and at the times indicated. If antibiotics are used improperly, some bacteria can survive the treatment and multiply, developing resistance to it. The result is that the disease comes back, but the treatment may not be as effective. Medicines for leptospirosis The main drugs used to treat leptospirosis are antibiotics. In addition, antipyretic drugs and pain relievers can be used to reduce the symptoms of the disease. It is important to remember that leptospirosis can cause bleeding. Therefore, any medication that can thin the blood, such as those with Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) in its composition, is contraindicated . The drugs used to treat leptospirosis can be: • Doxycycline Hydrochloride ( Vibramycin ); • Amoxicillin ( Amoxil ). Analgesics and antipyretics • Dipyrone Monohydrate ( Novalgine ); • Paracetamol (Tylenol). Read more: Can pregnant women take dipyrone? Does it harm the baby? NEVER self-medicate or stop using a medication without first consulting a doctor. Only he will be able to tell which medication, dosage and duration of treatment is the most suitable for his specific case. The information contained in this website is only intended to inform, not in any way intended to replace the guidance of a specialist or serve as a recommendation for any type of treatment. Always follow the instructions on the package insert and, if symptoms persist, seek medical or pharmaceutical advice. What is the prognosis? The prognosis of leptospirosis varies from person to person and the type of the disease. In most cases, it is positive as the immune system itself is able to cope with the disease. However, when it is the severe form of (jaundiced) leptospirosis, treatment is necessary, but not always enough to save the patient, especially when the disease is advanced. Approximately 10% to 50% of patients who contract leptospirosis die, and the type of the disease – jaundiced or not – changes the chances. A patient with the severe version, the icterus, is in much greater danger. Therefore, it is essential that, if there are signs of the disease, see a doctor. Complications of leptospirosis Leptospirosis is a serious disease that can cause some complications. Between them: Renal insufficiency The bacteria that causes leptospirosis directly affects the kidneys. In addition to its direct toxicity, it also causes other symptoms, such as jaundice, which can damage the organs. Due to these damages, kidney failure can appear, being one of the most common complications. Hemorrhages are the most serious consequences of the disease, as blood loss can be fatal. Pulmonary hemorrhage is the complication that most kills leptospirosis patients and, therefore, when the disease is in the icteric form, it is essential that the person is taken to the hospital. The bacteria that causes leptospirosis can affect the meninges (layers that protect the brain), causing meningitis . This disease is serious, can cause death and leave neurological sequelae in patients. So it requires urgent treatment. Myocarditis is the inflammation of the walls of the heart. It can happen due to the action of the Leptospira bacteria in the heart, leading to a dangerous inflammatory process. Jaundice leptospirosis can result in anemia , which is a reduction in the amount of red blood cells in the blood. This often happens because of a lack of iron in the diet, but other conditions, such as leptospirosis, can trigger it. Read more: Foods for anemia that help in healing and prevention When the leptospirosis-causing bacteria affects the pancreas, it can lead to pancreatitis as a complication. It is the inflammation of the organ. It is also a complication related to the icteric form of the disease. Leptospiral infection can cause death. So it is very important that the disease is prevented and that people are prevented. When it is contracted, medical treatment is essential to prevent the patient’s death. How to do prevention? Leptospirosis can be a very dangerous disease, but there are ways to reduce the chances of contamination by the bacteria that cause it. Some of these ways are: Don’t walk barefoot Walking barefoot in places where animals may have urinated increases your chances of coming into contact with leptospirosis bacteria, which can infect very small cuts in your body. Wearing shoes avoids this contact and can protect you. Do not enter flood water Flooding is the most common contamination method for leptospirosis. Rat urine tends to stay on the ground and in sewers, but floods have the ability to carry the bacteria present in that urine to the surface, in addition to transporting them to meet people. Do not let children or animals play in flood water, and if you work in an area that requires direct contact with flood water or feel that you cannot avoid it, wearing boots and gloves can reduce the risks. Avoid mice The bacterium is present in several animals, but rodents are the main vector of the disease. Avoiding contact with them reduces your chance of being infected. To do this, keep the land and residence clean, without accumulated garbage or exposed food that may attract them. Clean your water tank Leptospirosis can be transmitted through contact with contaminated water and, therefore, an exposed water tank or in a place that rats can access is a way of contaminating an entire house. Clean your water tank frequently to prevent this and other microorganisms from multiplying in your water. The bleach is effective for removing various bacteria including Leptospira . You can use it to disinfect water reservoirs that may have come in contact with bacteria or floods. Use 1 liter of bleach for every 1000 liters of water in your reservoir, this will be enough to prevent contamination of the residents. Do not throw garbage on the street Throwing garbage on the street is a way to increase the chances of flooding, as it can block the manholes and pipes into which rainwater should drain. Floods, in turn, multiply the chances of leptospirosis being contracted by hundreds or even thousands of people. Get your dog vaccinated Although there is no vaccine against leptospirosis for humans, dogs have this option of protection. Vaccinating your pet prevents it from getting sick and also helps to prevent the disease from spreading further. Leptospirosis in dogs The canine leptospirosis can be particularly dangerous for the animals. Normally, as in humans, it is not very intense, but when the animal has low immunity, the disease can present itself in a serious way, causing hemorrhages, pain and even death. Dogs have a much higher risk than humans of contracting the disease since many live outside the home, where they can have contact with mice without the owner knowing. Therefore, prevention is extremely important. Keeping the dog away from wild animals is essential when possible, but vaccinations are the best guarantee. Canine vaccine for leptospirosis There is no human vaccine for the disease, but canine does. It protects the animal from leptospirosis, which in addition to being fatal to the pet, can also help spread it. The vaccine can cause allergy- related side effects , but they are rare. This vaccination does not make the animal completely immune, but it increases the chances that the immune system will control the bacteria more easily, besides greatly reducing the possibility of leptospirosis to present itself in a serious way in dogs. The vaccine should be repeated annually, especially in dogs that live in areas at risk, where floods are common or many rodents are nearby. Common questions Does every rat have leptospirosis? No, not all mice transmit leptospirosis. It is necessary that the animal is infected by the bacteria that causes the disease, which is not always the case. However, the disease is common in rats and taking care about contact with rodents reduces the risk of contamination. Is leptospirosis contagious? No . Leptospirosis is not transmitted from human to human, so there is no concern in contact with infected people. What is the incubation period for leptospirosis? The incubation period for leptospirosis is, on average, 7 to 14 days. It is the time it takes for the symptoms to begin to appear. However, in some cases, this time may be different, manifesting symptoms as early as the first day or taking up to 30 days to occur. How long does it take for leptospirosis to appear? The first symptoms can appear between 1 and 30 days after the contamination. After they are identified, it is essential to pay a visit to the doctor to prevent the disease from developing in a serious way. Can I get leptospirosis by drinking soda or liquids in cans? If a rat urinates in the can, it is theoretically possible. However, there are no recorded cases that some contamination happened in this way. Leptospirosis can be contracted when drinking contaminated liquids, as the bacteria can pass through the lining of the mouth, but this is rare. If there is contaminated rat urine on the can and someone drinks from it, the bacteria can contaminate the person, but it is more likely to go into the stomach and be destroyed by stomach acids. The chances of contamination are greater if there are sores in the mouth. In conclusion, the chances of this type of contamination are low, but still, cleaning the top of the cans is not a bad idea, whether you are a consumer or a seller, since several bacteria may be present in it. What to do if I cannot avoid contaminated water? If you have no way of avoiding water that may be contaminated, stay in contact with it for as little time as possible. If your house is flooded, when cleaning, it is important to use bleach to prevent bacteria from getting on the floor or surfaces. For hygiene, mix 400mL of bleach in a 20-liter bucket of water and let the mixture sit for 15 minutes in the region. Then rinse the area with clean water. Food that comes in contact with water should be thrown away. How long does the leptospirosis bacteria survive in the environment? Depending on the conditions in the area, it can survive for months without a host. However, the bacteria is sensitive to common disinfectants and to direct sunlight. Is leptospirosis contagious? No . It is not possible to transmit the Leptospira bacteria between people. It is only transmitted through the contact of the microorganism in the urine of some mammals, among which the human being is not included. The bacteria is not present in human urine. Leptospirosis is a dangerous disease, which spreads easily during floods and is caused by a bacterium that is often in the urine of the rat. Share this text with your friends!
SPAIN: Spanish culture vs the US by Andrea Sagay The first dimension is power distance. Power distance is a dimension that addresses a society's willingness to accept that there are inequalities between individuals. This is probably the most similar the two countries are, looking at all the dimensions. Despite that, they are still pretty different. The next dimension is Individualism. On this dimension Spain has a score of 51. This dimension shows how much members rely or depend on each other. Basically, do the people in that society identify as a “we” or an “I”. Spain is a lot less individualistic than the United States, which has a score of 91. The third dimension is Masculinity. This dimension focuses on whether masculine or feminine values. A society with masculine values focuses more on competition, achievement and success. Spain is more female than the US A society with feminine values places their focus on caring for others and quality of life. On this scale The United States has a score of 62. This makes it a masculine society. It has a culture that emphasizes the importance of money, achievement and living in order to work. In the United States traditional gender roles are still present. Men are expected to be the strong, and the main source of income for his family. The women are more expected to focus on looking after the family taking care of the home, I have the impression. Spain has a score of 42, meaning it is a more feminine society. They don’t place as much emphasis on competitiveness. The final dimension is indulgence. This dimension focuses on how much a society is willing to allow gratification of natural human desires that relate to having a good time and enjoying life. With a score of 68, The United States is an indulgent country. This means Americans typically give in to their impulses and freedom and personal control are emphasized. Spain has a low score of 44. It is a more restrained society and they don’t place much emphasis on leisure and self-gratification. Spanish and American culture have very little in common, which is something I’ve definitely noticed in my time here. One thing that really surprised me was how individualistic Spain is. Spain is getting more individualistic When comparing it to the US it is a lot lower, but I was expecting it to have significantly lower score. I am from Nigeria, which has a very low score on individualism and in the week, I’ve been here I thought the two cultures seemed really similar, but Spain is almost twice as individualistic as Nigeria. It is pretty clear how much individualistic the United States is though. I’m not surprised about how individualistic or how indulgent American culture is. The term freedom is thrown around so liberally in the US, the indulgent nature is engrained in country. What didn’t surprise me is how different the two cultures are. In my daily life the differences are very clear to me. Terms of use
Catcher In The Rye Thematic Essay Eng4 U Essay 1099 words - 5 pages joshua diaz ENG 3u1 J.D. Salinger’s “Catcher in the Rye” is about a 16-year-old boy named Holden Caulfield who is going through many problems such as getting expelled from school for the fourth time, and fear of things changing. Salinger uses symbols to give us a look at Holden’s feelings and thoughts throughout the novel. There are many different symbols that are very apparent throughout the novel. Some of the symbols described in this novel are Holden’s red hunting cap, the museum, the ducks, and Allie’s baseball glove. All of these symbols have different meanings. The cap is a symbol of Holden’s uniqueness, the museum represents a world Holden is longing to live in, the ducks represent Holden still having a youthful side to him, and the glove represents Holden’s love for his brother who passed away. These symbols represent Holden’s fear of growing up and becoming an adult. The first symbol that is important throughout this novel is Holden’s red hunting hat. The hat is mentioned many times throughout the novel and could be taken as a symbol of Holden’s uniqueness because it is not the type of hat that someone would just wear in the city, it was a hunting hat. Holden likes to be different which is why the hat suits him the way it does, “I put on this hat that I’d bought in New York that morning. It was this red hunting hat, with one of those very, very long peaks. I saw it in the window of this sports store when we got out of the subway, just after I noticed I'd lost all the goddam foils. It only cost me a buck. The way I wore it, I swung the old peak way around to the back-very corny, I'll admit, but I liked it that way. I looked good in it that way.” (Salinger 17). The hat could also be taken as a symbol of insecurity. Holden said that he bought the hat when he got out of the subway after he lost all the fencing foils and the team was mad at him. This could be Holden’s way of hiding himself from the rest of the world thus giving him a false sense of security making him feel cut off from the outside world. The second symbol mentioned which is of importance to Holden is his younger brother Allie’s baseball mitt. Allie died of leukemia when he was 11 years old (Salinger 38). To Holden, Allie is still alive in his thoughts. “Every time I’d get to the end of a block I’d make believe I was talking to my brother Allie, I’d say to him, “Allie, don’t let me disappear. Allie, don’t let me disappear. Allie, don’t let me disappear. Please, Allie” (Salinger 198). Holden keeps Allie’s memory alive by keeping his baseball mitt with him, hidden in a suitcase, as a symbol of his love for Allie. Allie’s death had a significant effect on Holden’s life. It caused most of his problems throughout the novel as he could not come to terms with his brothers passing, which resulted in him not being able to handle his emotions and function properly. The inability to stay in school and face various situations and the fear of confrontation was likely the result... Catcher in the Rye Analysis essay - English - Essay The Catcher In The Rye Analysis - English - Essay The Catcher In The Rye Essay The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger Holden's Character "The Catcher In The Rye" By J.D. Salinger Catcher in the rye Chapter analysis - Mather - Assignment Persuasive Essay - Uniform Policy - ENG4U - Essay 514 words - 3 pages Michael Lima Persuasive Essay Have you ever considered the benefits of schools enforcing uniform policies? There are numerous advantages to these policies that will better you as an individual and future success. Schools have been enforcing uniforms for quite awhile now and the debate for it will be never ending, however, uniforms represent a deeper meaning then what most people grasp. It’s important to understand that wearing uniforms can Thematic and Stylistic Devices in Neo Noir Films - Pace University/ Eng 201 - Essay 1163 words - 5 pages of self-identity and how each of the protagonists tackle their internal conflicts. Nolan and Fincher use thematic and stylistic devices in their films to characterize the protagonist to achieve an auxiliary meaning of the film. Christopher Nolan’s film “Memento” takes you through a journey of Leonard Shelby trying to find and kill his wife’s rapist and murderer. Due to his short term memory loss, he constantly lives in a state post-murder of
New research suggests a different therapeutic approach may be helpful in reducing the effects of Alzheimer’s disease. In the study, University of Kentucky investigators discovered an antibody that targets neuro-inflammation may reduce the development of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles and improve cognition. Alzheimer’s disease affects more than 3 million Americans each year. Most people with Alzheimer’s develop what is called the late-onset variety in which symptoms first appear in their mid-60s. However, early-onset Alzheimer’s can begin with symptoms between a person’s 30s and mid-60s. The first symptoms of Alzheimer’s vary from person to person. Dementia is the term applied to a group of symptoms that negatively impact memory, but Alzheimer’s is a progressive disease of the brain that slowly causes impairment in memory and cognitive function. The new findings and approach result from an explosion of genetic data suggesting the risk for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease is driven by a variety of factors including neuroinflammation, membrane turnover and storage, and lipid metabolism. Investigators said current therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer’s focus on the major pathological hallmarks of the disease, the plaques and tangles. Indeed, these factors are the pathological requirements for a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s. In this study, published in the Journal of Neuroinflammation, scientists focused on triggering a receptor expressed on myeloid cell-2 (TREM2) to reduce or prevent the development of the amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. They believe creating an antibody could activate the cell receptor an opposite action that occurs when a mutation suppress the cell resulting in Alzheimer’s. “TREM2 was identified several years ago as a gene that, when there’s a mutation, significantly increases risk of Alzheimer’s disease. The field thinks that this mutation reduces the function of the receptor, so we hypothesized that targeting TREM2 to increase its function might be a valid treatment for Alzheimer’s,” explained Dr. Donna Wilcock, associate director of the University of Kentucky’s Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (SBCoA). Researchers found that the therapeutic targeting of TREM2 using a TREM2-activating antibody leads to the activation of microglia, recruitment of microglia to amyloid plaques, reduced amyloid deposition, and ultimately improved cognition. “The big takeaway is that this is the first approach that targets TREM2 to promote microglia to clear the amyloid deposits in the brain that are thought to be the cause of Alzheimer’s,” said Wilcock. The biopharmaceutical company Alector developed the antibody for this study which was conducted on mice. Due to the study’s success, SBCoA is set to be a site for an upcoming clinical trial using this new approach. Source: University of Kentucky/EurekAlert
Skip to main content En passant assignment for clearer conditionals Project description travisci Supported versions Supported implementations Wheel packaging support Test line coverage Test branch coverage Simple en passant assignment, giving Python clearer conditional statements from __future__ import print_function # Python 2/3 compat from enpassant import * result = Passer() while result / expensive_request(): # assuming report() is a method of the object # expensive_request() would naturally hand back Many languages support en passant (in passing) assignment, like so: if result = expensive_request(): In Python, that’s a syntax error. This leads to more code lines and, in some cases, less visual clarity: result = expensive_request() if result: Or worse, in the case of looping structures: result = expensive_request() while result: result = expensive_request() It doesn’t look so bad here, in a highly distilled example. But in real programs, the called function often has parameters to be managed, and the surrounding code is invariably longer and more complicated. The more complicated the surrounding computations and requests, the simpler the comparison itself should be. As the Zen of Python intones: “Simple is better than complex.” and “Readability counts.” I hope that Python will eventually provide a concise way of handling this, such as: while expensive_request() as result: But in the meanwhile, enpassant provides a workaround. How it Works from enpassant import * result = Passer() while result / expensive_request(): Here result / expensive_request() is read “the result of the expensive_request.” result is merely a proxy object that, when it encounters the division operator, returns the denominator. That is, result / whatever == whatever. But it also remembers the denominator value. Then, whenever you want the result value provided (presumably, later in the body of your loop or conditional), simply access it through result. If you want the full object returned by expensive_request() you can get it via result.value. Or or the result has items or attributes, they are available by indexing or naming the attribute directly. Easy peasy! NB: If you change the items or attributes of result, those settings are also forwarded to the underlying object. result is not a copy, but a true proxy, and as close to the actual object returned as I can make it given current Python strictures. Some Details enpassant “assignment” is transparent to conditional expressions, because the value of the expression is always the value of the denominator. But Passers are also guaranteed to have a Boolean value identical to that of the value they contain, should you wish to use them in subsequent tests. The result in the example above isn’t the pure result of the following function call (or expression), but rather a proxy to it. Item ([]) and attribute (.) access work directly on result because Passer objects pass on getitem and get-attribute requests to their enclosed value. Usually, this is a convenience, and avoids having to needlessly state that it’s really result.value that’s being indexed or dereferenced. But if you need the specific object returned (say for an object identity or isinstance test, use result.value directly. Alternative Value Access It is also possible to retrieve the value of a Passer by calling it: if result / expensive_request(): This technique makes clear that the value is being rendered via some process, rather than just presented as a normal Python name / variable. And the resulting object from result() is the true and complete result of the earlier function call, with no need for implicit / auto-magical forwarding of items and attributes. Which style makes sense is a matter of judgment and taste. Or, if you prefer something terser, the + (unary positive) operation will also yield the value: if result / expensive_request(): Alternative Invocations If you prefer the less-than (<) or less-than-or-equal (<=) operators as indicators that result takes the value of the following value, they are supported as aliases of the division operation (/). Thus, the following are identical: if result / expensive_request(): if result < expensive_request(): if result <= expensive_request(): It’s a matter of preference which seems most logical, appropriate, and expressive. None of them are as good Note, however, that the operation usually known as division (/) has a much higher precedence (i.e. tighter binding to its operands) than the typical comparison operations (< and <=). If used with a more complex expressions, either know your precedence or use parenthesis to disambiguate! It’d be swell if Python supported arbitrary symbols. Unicode has what would be reasonable alternative assignment markers, such as ← (LEFTARDS ARROW), but alas! Until Python gets more Unicode-savvy, we have to choose some existing ASCII operator to repurpose. It is also possible to use a function call idiom if you prefer: if result(expensive_request()): This has the virtue of looking like a “wrapping” of the expensive request value, rather than reusing / overloading an existing operation. Grabber and Similar I’ve experimented with other forms of collecting and rendering values. This version of enpassant includes the results of one of those experiments. Objects of the Grabber class can have their attributes set on their first access. Subsequent uses of that attribute yield the set value.: info = Grabber()'Joe') assert == 'Joe' The challenge with this approach is that once set, attribute values cannot be reset. • Se CHANGES.yml for the change log. • En passant is a chess term. • En passant assignment / naming is discussed in Issue1714448 and PEP 379, which have been rejected and withdrawn, respectively. But that is years gone by. I hope the idea will be productively reconsidered in the future. • Automated multi-version testing managed with pytest, pytest-cov, coverage, and tox. Packaging linting with pyroma. • Successfully packaged for, and tested against, all early 2017 versions of Python: 2.6, 2.7, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, and 3.6, as well as latest PyPy and PyPy3. • On Python 2.6, uses Raymond Hettinger’s ordereddict module (which is included in the source tree for ease of installation) to provide OrderedDict. Thank you, Raymond! • The simplere package similarly provides en passant handling (and other helpers) for the important, common case of regular expression searches. • An alterantive module: dataholder. To install or upgrade to the latest version: pip install -U enpassant You may need to prefix these with sudo to authorize installation. In environments without super-user privileges, you may want to use pip’s --user option, to install only for a single user, rather than system-wide. You may also need version-specific versions of pip, such as pip2 and pip3, depending on your system configuration. Download files Files for enpassant, version 0.6.7 Filename, size File type Python version Upload date Hashes Filename, size enpassant-0.6.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (12.8 kB) File type Wheel Python version 3.6 Upload date Hashes View Filename, size (20.2 kB) File type Source Python version None Upload date Hashes View Supported by
Architecture & 3D Printing 3D printing fascilitates the exploration of aesthetics possibilities that were not possible before in architectural designs. It provide ease in designing and making complex designs, hence it allowsa architects to showcase there creative ideas because of its amazing prototypical capabilities.From model making for visualization to builidnf life size structures ,bridges and dams , 3D printing has widened the industry with endeless design possibilities which foster growth and innovations. Benefits of 3D Printing for Architects? • 3D Printing is very cost efficient because architect and design and fabricate Highly detailed 3D architectural models • 3D printing allows for faster production of architectural model and quick concept test and iterations hence shortening the time between design and creation phases. • Translating a sketch to 3d model snd a direct production of the model with extreme ease makes 3d Printing technology adoption easy , user friendly and smooth • Scale is not a limitation for 3d printing , it can print any project scale such as developments, citiscape and commercial builidng ,home interiors . • 3D printing havs varriety of material to suit designs structural requirement and its high precision enable complex model designed to be printed 3D Printing Application in Architecture Concept Models In any architectural project there is a concept stage which envisions the idea of an architect and the client .Before the rise of 3d printers Before , hand made model were used to test ideas and visualize them by tracing blueprints drawing, and it was very challenging because it required energy and skills.moroever iterating and testing complex geometrical design concepts was daunting .3D printing ease up this process very much beacause it can print at one go a complex , highly detailed and accurate model with variety of material available depending on the presentation end-goal of the CAD Model.With 3D Printing Architects can sell their unique idea to clients as the client would quicly understand the bigger vision about the building concept and make iteration of ideas in a faster and less costly way. Interior Design Interior design has adopted the use of 3D printers to increase effeciency od the design interms, of creativity, cost, and time . 3D printing enables the creation of complex furnishings and detailed design parts at a much faster way . Morover , 3D prinitng had made it easier form smaller decorative items to be prototyped quickly withought using expensive materials or intensive handy work . Currently fabricators and designers have begun to bring customers to choose from a catalog of ready-to-print designs and finishes. The customer can be customized without additional costs or delivery delays. 3D printing offers customers a wider variety whereby they can freely choose without compromising the time and delivery period . Construction of a building over the year posed a difficulty, time consuming, a lot of man labour, and very unsustainable contributing to karge carbin footprint on earth. 3D printing has revolutionized the notion of constructing a building it has made it possible to build a structure out of sustainable materials in few days and with less cost ,For instance a San Francisco company, Apis Cor, has 3D printed a house from the base foundation to roof using a mobile 3D printer .Plumbing and Fixtures such as windows, wiring and plumbing are installed by humans.Currently the more technologoical advancement is being developing for more advanced printers that can print inter-story floors and roofs, horizontal walls and foundation reinforcement. Beyond Earth Space companies such as NASA and other institutions are formulating new ways to utilize 3D printing technology to build habitable structures on outer space such as mars. For instance NASA proposed an idea to send a team of robots to the destination in outer space ,years long before humans arrive and robot team would consist of a rover/collector that mines and delivers raw materials; a filament plant that converts raw materials to fillament , a material for use by the printer; and the mobile printer which converts the filament into habitable buildings.hence, it the need to transport tons of builiding material and tools on the long road to outer space is no longer required anmd with the continuous advancement of AI and robotics human supervisors are not going to be required as the robotic team would do all the chores, such as construct houses, build labs and storage facilities Talk to our experts today and let us serve you with the best 3D Printing solutions in UAE. GET A QUOTE instagram default popup image round Follow Me 502k 100k 3 month ago WhatsApp chat
Chinua Achebe Things Fall Apart Deadline is approaching? Wait no more. Let us write you an essay from scratch Receive Paper In 3 Hours Things Fall Apart is praised as a superb novel that tells the story of life in Nigeria at the end of the nineteenth century. It is without a doubt the most studied African book, having been written in 1958. (Kenalemang 4). The book has sold over 8 million copies and has been translated into fifty different languages. The plot delves further into pre-colonial Nigeria and the reforms brought on by British rule. The various responses to British rule in Nigeria have typically been divided into two categories: cooperation and opposition. Collaboration was regarded as a symbol of cowardice, incompetence, and betrayal during the colonial period, while defiance was often associated with heroism. Okonkwo who is a protagonist in the Things Fall Apart represents resistance and declines to accept the British rule that has taken over Umuofia. His village mates choose to accept the reality of British rule over their land. Okonkwo, on the other hand, becomes a symbol of the traditional African way of life. The British new rule bring about modernity, and eastern Nigeria becomes a stage for a clash between traditional African and the European culture (Kenalemang 9). Okonkwo is an embodiment of masculinity in a traditional African culture that attaches great values on masculine traits. Okonkwo is also a hardworking and strict father, a stark contrast to his father Onoka who is lazy. Chinua Achebe, therefore, reinforces the idea of how an African man is supposed to be. Things Fall Apart introduces readers to traditional Igbo culture, religion, rules, and customs among other social practices. Achebe’s description of Igbo culture paints a picture of a culture rich in traditions, values and customs (Kenalemang 5). His description of Igbo culture undermines the western notion that Africa was a primitive society. Work Cited Kenalemang, Lame Maatla. “Things Fall Apart: An Analysis of Pre and Post-Colonial Igbo Society.” Karlstads University (2013). Retrieved Mar. 10, 2017, from Let a professional writer get your back and save some time! Hire Writer Find Out the Cost of Your Paper Get Price Proceed to the form No, thank you Can’t find the essay you need?
Hearing Health Blog Woman wearing hearing aids climbing hill with family and laughing at a joke. When was the last time you used that old ear trumpet? No? You don’t use one? Because that technology is centuries old. Okay, I suppose that seems logical. Ear trumpets are a bit… archaic. The fundamental shape of the modern hearing aid was designed in the 1950s. And that old style hearing aid is generally the one we remember and picture. The problem is that a hearing aid built in the 1950s is just about as out-dated as a hearing trumpet. We need to really advance our thinking if we want to recognize how much more advanced modern hearing aids are. The History of Hearing Aids It’s useful to have some perspective about where hearing aids started so that you can better understand how sophisticated they have become. If we trace the history back far enough, you can most likely find some type of hearing assistance device as far back as the 1500s (though, there’s no proof that these wooden, ear-shaped items actually worked). The first partially effective hearing assistance apparatus was most likely the ear trumpet. This device appeared to be a long trumpet. The wide end pointed out and the small end was directed into your ear. These, um, devices were not really high tech, but they did offer some measurable help. Once electricity was introduced, hearing aids experienced a major innovation. In the 1950s the hearing aid that we are all familiar with was developed. In order to perform their function, they used large old fashioned style batteries and transistors in a fairly basic design. But these gadgets signify the start of a hearing aid that could be easily worn and hidden. Admittedly, modern hearing aids might share the same form and function as those early 1950s designs–but their performance goes far beyond what was possible 70 years ago. Hearing Aid’s Modern Features Simply put, modern hearing aids are technological wonders. And they continue getting better. In numerous significant ways, modern hearing aids have been taking advantage of the digital technology of the later part of the twentieth century. The first, and the most crucial way, is simple: power. Modern hearing aids can store substantially more power into a much smaller area than their earlier forerunners. And with that increased power comes a long list of innovative developments: • Health monitoring: State-of-the-art Health monitoring software is also integrated into modern hearing aid options. For example, some hearing aids can detect whether you’ve fallen. There are others that can keep you informed about your fitness goals such as how many steps that you have taken. • Bluetooth connectivity: Modern hearing aids can now communicate with all of your Bluetooth devices. This can be incredibly helpful on a daily basis. As an example, hearing aids used to have a difficult time with phone calls because users would hear substantial (and sometimes unpleasant) feedback. With modern hearing aids, you can simply connect to your cellphone via Bluetooth connectivity and never miss a call. You will also utilize Bluetooth connectivity to take part in a variety of other electronic activities. Because there isn’t any interference or feedback, it’s easier to watch TV, listen to music–you name it. • Selective amplification: Hearing loss commonly manifests as loss of certain frequencies and wavelengths of sound. Maybe you have a more difficult time hearing high-frequency noises (or vice versa). Modern hearing aids are a lot more efficient because they are able to amplify only the frequencies you have a hard time hearing. • Speech recognition: For many hearing aid users, the biggest objective of these devices is to assist in communication. Isolating and boosting voices, then, is a primary function of the software of many hearing aids–which can be pretty helpful in a wide variety of situations, from a crowded restaurant to an echo-y board room. • Construction: Modern hearing aids feel more comfortable because they are constructed from advanced materials. These new materials allow hearing aids to be lighter and more robust simultaneously. And with the addition of long-lasting, rechargeable batteries, it’s easy to see how not just the inside–but also the outside–of hearing aids have improved over the years. Just like rotary phones no longer represent long-distance communication, older hearing aids no longer capture what these devices are. Hearing aids have changed a lot. And that’s a good thing–because now they’re even better. Call Today to Set Up an Appointment
News Release Despite millennial stereotypes, burnout just as bad for Gen X doctors in training First study to evaluate impact of generational differences in physicians Peer-Reviewed Publication Northwestern University CHICAGO --- Despite the seemingly pervasive opinion that millennial physicians are more prone to burnout and a lack of empathy compared to older generations, a new study by researchers at Northwestern Medicine and Cleveland Clinic found that no such generational gap exists. According to the study of 588 millennial and Generation X residents and fellows, millennial physicians in training did not show increased vulnerability to burnout or different empathy skills compared to a demographic-matched sample of Generation-X physicians. It is the first study to evaluate the impact of generation affiliation (millennial vs. Generation X) on physician qualities, specifically empathy and burnout - a state of emotional, physical and mental exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress. Both empathy and burnout have been demonstrated to impact the quality of patient care. The study was published today, May 5, in the journal Academic Psychiatry. This study's findings cannot be extrapolated beyond the context of physicians in training. However, the statistical approach used in this study, controlling for other factors like level of experience in the field, could be used in studies of other professional fields to provide further clarity on the broader impact of generation affiliation on professional qualities. "As millennial physicians are increasingly entering the workforce, people seem to be wondering what millennial doctors will be like, and I've heard older physicians opine that physician burnout is a bigger problem now due to generation vulnerability," said lead author Dr. Brandon Hamm, instructor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Hamm conducted the research while he was at Cleveland Clinic. "Our study provides a little more transparency that it's medical-system exposure - not generational traits - that is more likely to contribute to the burnout seen in today's doctors," Hamm said. Consistent with other studies, this paper found empathy decreases over the course of physician training, Hamm said. Additionally, Hispanic/Latino physicians in training demonstrated higher empathy scores and lower depersonalization burnout experience than Caucasian physicians in training. Depersonalization includes psychological withdrawal from relationships and the development of a negative, cynical or callous attitude. What can be done to slow physician burnout? "The first year of residency can be really rigorous and have a negative psychological impact on physicians in training, which can lead to dysfunctional coping strategies like substance abuse," Hamm said. "We need to be researching interventions that not only slow this empathy decline but bolster physicians' communities so they feel supported and less isolated." This study was internally funded through the Cleveland Clinic Center for Excellence in Healthcare Communication.
Enhanced Optical Methods to Break Spore Coating There is a need for rapid and accurate detection of bacterial spores such as Bacillus anthracis. Currently, two detection techniques are being used to rapidly identify bacterial spores. These techniques are MALDI_MS and PCR-amplification. These techniques identify the spores by evaluating biomarkers inside the cell. Both of these methods require spore disruption to release biological biomarkers before the identification can take place. This invention is a novel method to open spore coatings and cell walls using light absorbing dyes and an optical light source (that corresponds to the absorption maximum of the absorbing dye) to facilitate the release of internal cell bio-molecules such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, etc. Spores coatings are difficult to damage because spores contain a dense protein layer comprising about 20 proteins that shields the interior of the spore from external environmental attack. Bacterial spores can survive indefinite periods of starvation, desiccation and exposure to toxic chemicals because of theis dense coating of proteins and cell wall structure. The attachment of organic dyes to the surface of the spore coating can provide an enhanced method of damaging spore coatings because organic dyes are highly absorbing at specific wavelengths of light. By matching the organic dye to the laser source, it is possible to deliver energy on the coating of the spore using a greater range of light source. Organic dyes are chosen because of their specific properties to that 1) have absorption spectra that match desired laser wavelengths, 2) that have demonstrated ability to chemically bind to cell surfaces, 3) that can be coated in water or other simple solvent system, and 4) can be irradiated to solid –phase form, i.e. no solvent required. Type of Offer: Licensing Next Patent » « More Biomedical Patents Share on CrowdSell Your Patent
Being together during a time of distance Updated: May 11, 2020 The idea of social connection and mental health has been studied since the 19th century. There is now an entire body of study focused on the impact on our brains when we connect with other humans called social cognitive neuroscience. Healthy connections with others improves mental health. During this time of social distancing, it may be difficult to feel connected. One way we stay connected with others is through food. This may be a great opportunity to experiment with communal cooking and eating with others in your home. Consider some virtual culinary fun and dining as well! Here is a recipe that may be fun to try from The Wholistic Picture! Stay tuned for more ideas and updates! 15 views0 comments
Cookies on this website Switching between two tasks afforded by the same stimuli results in slower reactions and more errors on the first stimulus after the task changes. This "switch cost" is reduced, but not usually eliminated, by the opportunity to prepare for a task switch. While there is agreement that this preparation effect indexes a control process performed before the stimulus, the "residual" cost has been attributed to several sources: to a control process essential for task-set reconfiguration that can be carried out only after the stimulus onset, to probabilistic failure to engage in preparation prior to the stimulus, and to two kinds of priming from previous trials: positive priming of the now-irrelevant task set and inhibition of the now-relevant task-set. The main evidence for the carry-over of inhibition is the observation that it is easier to switch from the stronger to the weaker of a pair of tasks afforded by the stimulus than vice versa. We survey available data on interactions between task switching and three manipulations of relative task strength: pre-experimental experience, stimulus-response compatibility, and intra-experimental practice. We conclude that it is far from universally true that it is easier to switch to the weaker task. Either inhibition of the stronger task-set is a strategy used only in the special case of extreme inequality in strength, or its consequences for later performance may be masked by slower post-stimulus control operations for more complex tasks. Inhibitory priming may also be stimulus specific. Journal article Psychol Res Publication Date 250 - 264 Attention, Cues, Humans, Inhibition (Psychology), Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Problem Solving, Reaction Time, Set (Psychology)
A submission on the making of a new constitution submission on the making of a new constitution 1.This submission is made on the assumption that the attempt to make a new constitution is an act done in good faith, motivated solely by the attempt to address what has gone wrong with the system of governance in Sri Lanka and with a view to provide for the basic legal structure for sustainable form of governance that will serve the best interest of everyone in the nation. If that were not the case, if the attempt to make a constitution would merely be a means of entrenching methods for the abuse of power, further limiting the people’s right to participate in governance, then these submissions would be of no use. 2. Without a sustainable legal order to achieve the objectives of the nation in overcoming the tremendous economic crisis, the result is a deepening social crisis and the descent into lawlessness and anarchy. A well-functioning transparent system encourages investment and provides both justice and stability to a nation, facilitating its development. Therefore, constitution-making must be made with a free and frank discussion and an open acknowledgement of where the existing constitutional order has failed. If, instead, the purpose of the constitution-making is an attempt to further strengthen the existing constitutional system on the basis of 1978 Constitution and the principles on which it is based, then such a new constitution will continue the harm that has already been done to all areas of life in society, and therefore would be further harmful to the nation and its people. 3. If the attempt is to undo the damage that has been done by the 1978 Constitution, the first principle on which the entire constitutional structure should be built is the principle of rule of law. The essence of this principle can be summed up in the following words from Tom Bingham: “The core of the existing principle [of the rule of law] is… that all persons and authorities within the state, whether public or private, should be bound by and entitled to the benefit of law publicly made, taking effect (generally) in the future and publicly administered in the courts.” Further to this, he articulated eight principles: 1) The law must be accessible, intelligible, clear and predictable. 2) Questions of legal right and liability should ordinarily be resolved by the exercise of the law and not the exercise of discretion. 3) Laws should apply equally to all. 4) Ministers and public officials must exercise the powers conferred in good faith, fairly, for the purposes for which they were conferred – reasonably and without exceeding the limits of such powers. 5) The law must afford adequate protection of fundamental Human Rights. 6) The state must provide a way of resolving disputes which the parties cannot themselves resolve. 7) The adjudicative procedures provided by the state should be fair. 8) The rule of law requires compliance by the state with its obligations in international as well as national laws. 4. The existing constitutional order under the 1978 Constitution is based on rejection of the principles of rule of law, and this has led to the common consensus existing now in the whole country as well as abroad that Sri Lanka is a lawless nation. If that situation is to be changed, the constitution must provide for the principles which enable the principle of legality to be the primary concern in all the actions within the state, whether it be actions of the state or of private parties. Any law that allows the principle of legality to be undermined will only result in further continuing the situation of lawlessness, which acts against every aspect of life, including economic development, social stability, protection of all citizens and the overall functioning of public institutions. 5. The issue of the dysfunctional nature of all public institutions in Sri Lanka should be one of the major areas of concern for study, discussion and deliberations relating to the making of a new constitution. If the public institutions are not resuscitated again in a manner that they could perform the functions they are expected to perform, the whole exercise of constitution making will not serve a positive purpose for the nation. 6. While the collapse or dysfunctionality of the public institutions is a matter that requires a serious and nationwide discussion, one major reason for this collapse could be pointed out at this stage. It is the executive presidential system as introduced by the 1978 Constitution. The proper functioning of independent public institutions are incompatible with it. The executive presidential system has undermined public institutions. This dangerously dysfunctionality has manifested through almost every incident that happened in the country and in major events such as the event of 21st April 2019, the Easter Sunday bomb attack. 7. Among the public institutions that has fallen into disrepute is the Parliament itself. However, it can be said that the reason for this is not merely the corruption of the individuals who constitute the Parliament, but also in the relegation of the Parliament to an insignificant and unimportant institution through the creation of the executive presidential system as expressed in the 1978 Constitution, which in fact undermines the sovereignty of the Parliament itself. The attempt to make a rubber-stamping Parliament resulted in the degradation of the Parliament and its functions, allowing avenues for corruption and other forms of abuse of power. A balance must be established between the executive and legislature, which has been lost due to the circumstances described above, as well as with the judiciary, in accordance with the separation of powers and the rule of law. 8. The attack on the independence of the judiciary has been an ongoing process since the 1978 Constitution. Attempts to develop a type of court that merely serves the interest of the executive president reduced the judiciary to the position that it is in today. The removal of the power of judicial review, interference (in direct and more subtle forms) into appointments and promotions of judges has created a kind of situation where the courts are finding it difficult to be the sole administrators of all matters relating to the rule of law, which is a requirement of the rule of law itself. Thus, the lost balance between the executive, legislature and the judiciary should be restored in a manner that it becomes possible for all these three branches of government to contribute to the betterment of the nation and keep an ethos that is considered conducive to human well-being in all areas of life, including economic development. 9. Among the public institutions that have undergone serious collapse is the institution of the police. While there is consensus that something has radically gone wrong with the policing system, there is no serious discussion of how to develop a functional legal system, which is the cornerstone for stability within a country, including creation of ethos for investment – local as well as foreign – where people feel that there is a fair playing field within which they could function. If, a new constitution is unable to provide a legal framework within which to resuscitate Sri Lanka’s policing system to a rationally functioning, efficient system committed to the values of the rule of law, democracy and human rights, then this whole exercise of trying to make a new constitution will prove to be greatly disastrous to the future of the country. 10. Amongst the policing institutions, it is the investigative function relating to crime that collapsed most seriously. Selectivity and lack of oversight have virtually undermined the faith in the investigative system. The more serious crimes, particularly those done by the more affluent sections of society, including those who hold power, are not within the purview of criminal investigations in practice. The exclusion of many crimes from being properly investigated and prosecuted virtually makes the nation dysfunctional. The development of the relative independence these institutions need in order to function could only happen if the constitution provides a legal framework for the protection of their functions and their independence within the framework of law. A lawless criminal investigative system is a danger not only to every citizen but also to the state itself. Addressing this matter within the framework of rule of law remains one of the major tasks of developing a sustainable system of social stability, which will provide the environment necessary for all activities, including those related to economic development. 11. Among the institutions that also need to be rescued from what is known as the process of politicization is also the Attorney General’s department. An independent, impartial and competent prosecution service is an essential part of development of a functioning nation. Any form of arbitrariness manifested in these institutions will deeply disturb the entire balance of the state itself. Therefore, in the making of a new constitution, the review of all that has gone wrong in the past, particularly after the 1978 Constitution, within the institution of the attorney general’s department needs public debate. A consensus has to be reached on how to resituate it within the framework of the rule of law itself. 12. All other public institutions, such as the civil service, also suffer from the pressures generated by arbitrary interventions, which are a result of the overpowering executive presidential system introduced through the 1978 Constitution. That dysfunctionality has manifested through a deep neglect that prevails through all these institutions. The head of the state itself in recent times has complained that these institutions are failing to perform their functions. However, this is not just a matter of neglect by the individual, but an institutional question, which is based on the correlation between the excessive power of the executive, which has paralysed the other institutions. The fears of being victimized for taking initiative and doing their functions in a manner that is required by their professions has become major preoccupation, affecting the command responsibility principle, where the leaders of the institutions are unable or unwilling to exercise the functions that they need to exercise if these public institutions are to function in a manner that is required in the best interests of the nation. 13. While lip service is being paid to accountability, all the institutional safeguards that prevailed previous to 1978 Constitution have gradually been undermined or deliberately displaced. This has resulted in the most unprecedented levels of corruption ever known in Sri Lankan history. However, again, this is not purely a question of individual weaknesses, but of institutional weakness; of having destroyed the balances that need to exist within the structure in order to ensure that it functions within the framework of law alone. Again, the solution to this problem cannot be found without overall assertion of the principle of rule of law as a guiding principle of the nation. 14. The constitution should clearly state whether the constitution is going to be one of a liberal democracy. If mere words are being thrown here and there, such as independence of judiciary, rule of law and the like, when in fact the whole institutional structure is geared towards an authoritarian form of governance, then there could be no role for a constitution at all. If the purpose of the new constitution is to further legitimize the authoritarian tendencies that have entered and developed over a period of 42 years now, then it is not a new constitution; it is a rejection of what is known in the civilized world as a constitution. Using the pretext of constitution-making in order to undo the very idea of a liberal democratic constitution was what was started by the 1978 Constitution, and it has advanced to a very high degree, thereby causing the degeneration of the whole state structure to where it is today. If the continuity of that process and worsening it is what is meant by this exercise of making a new constitution, then that is a deception and not a constitution-making process at all. 15. It is not within the power of anyone, including the Executive President or Parliament or anyone else, to make a new constitution alone. The legislature has only legislative power, it does not have the power to make a constitution. This principle, which has been upheld in all civilised systems based on liberal democratic constitutions, cannot be rejected in the same way a cornerstone cannot be rejected. In India, this principle has been very clearly stated through the Basic Structure Doctrine, and thereby attempts by some politicians to acquire greater power for themselves at the expense of the nation have been thwarted by asserting that the legislature has only legislative power. The power of making constitutions belongs to the people and using the pretext that the representatives of the people can represent the people in making a constitution is a fallacy. People have not given a mandate and cannot give a mandate of that nature to the legislature. It belongs to the people themselves and therefore the constitution-making process must be a national process, where people are vibrantly involved. It is a process which can bring about deeper national understanding and agreements that could become the basis of stability of a nation. If a new constitution is imposed on the people, then it is an abuse of language to call it a new constitution. 16. At this early stage, I believe that these submissions would suffice, and if the genuine process of constitution-making is opened up, then the citizens, including myself, will participate more actively and creatively to achieve a successful process of making of a constitution that Sri Lanka can call its own genuine constitution. Social Sharing Related posts
Start Here What is Data Migration? Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr What is data migration? Data migration can be defined as the process of transferring the data from one system to another system. While this might seem to be pretty, it involving a changes in storage and database or application. In the context of the extract/transform/load (ETL) process, in any data migration will involve at least the transform and load steps. It means that the data which is extracted, needed to go through a functions series in preparation, after which it can be loaded in to a target location. Organizations which undertake data migrations for a number of reasons. They might need to overhaul an entire system, upgrade databases, establish a new data warehouse, or merge the new data from an acquisition or other source. Data migration is also required to when deploying another system that sits alongside in the existing applications. Read more about: What is Data Analytics Types of Data Migration In data migration, there are 4 types having which is required to fulfill the planning and validation in the system information. • Storage migration • Database migration • Application migration • Business process migration 1. Storage Migration In this storage migrations, when the information is migrating from one system to another storage system. While we using this Technology, it has refreshes to us as great time to transfer the information. When new technology becomes compactible, it migrates our data to that technology can be attractive, it has been efficiency, cost, or experience of accessing and using the data in the built in format files.Many tools and products are available to ease in migrating your stored data. 2. Database Migration In the database migration, it is the heart of the technology in these modern days.It has been changing the databases, software should be upgrade or transferring the data from the database to the cloud. Before this transferring databases, the companies should mention these process in their plan: • Access the database size. • To test their database applications. • To guarantee their data confidentiality into the database. • To transfer the data process, test their compatibility. 3. Application Migration In this migration, it provide their take place when the companies switch vendors or platforms. For examples, to include their implementation a new HR system or switching from one CRM to another system. In these Companies, transferring applications should make sure their information can be communicated between these two applications. Each application may have a unique data model, so attention must be paid to how that data is formatted. In Companies, it should have plenty of steps in which they can transferring the applications successfully. 1. It may use the middleware to the bridge technology gaps. 2. It may use the scripts to transferring the data automatically. 3. It may protected the integration of data with the help of an API. 4. Business Process Migration In this business process migration, it is the complex the migrating applications and in the databases containing data about customers, products, and operations. Data migrations can be easy, but they must be planned for and validated once they’re finished to end on time and within budget. Data Migration process img source: 6 Key Steps in a Data Migration Strategy 1. Explore and Assess the Source 2. Define and Design the Migration 3. Build the Migration Solution 4. Conduct a Live Test 5. Flipping the Switch 6. Audit How to do Data Migration? In the data migration, the whole process should be viewed as the taking place in three phases follows as: • The Preparation Phase • The Migration Phase • The Post-Migration Phase. The Preparation Phase In many respects, this phase may be the most important. One slip-up here and the rest of the data migration process will suffer. Many of the steps of the Preparation Phase might seem pretty basic, but without them, the chances of further mistakes later on only increase. One of the first things you need to do is identify exactly what data you’re choosing to migrate. This covers a number of areas, from the format of that data, where it currently resides, and where you intend to store it after migration. All of this is standard information, but it’s information that will help you plan out the rest of the process. For example, as you identify the data you want to move, you may recognize it as data of a sensitive nature. That would lead to greater protective measures being taken during migration. Another important step as part of preparing for the next phase is to back up all of the data you intend to move. Problems can arise during data migration, some of them seemingly coming out of nowhere. The last thing you want is to permanently lose the valuable data you’re moving. By backing up the data, you’ll have something on hand to restore any data you accidentally lose. The Preparation Phase also includes a variety of assessments for the equipment, tools, and teams involved in data migration. This is another area where you can identify any potential problems before they become serious. In the case of assessing your staff, determine what skills and experience they already have to see if there might be a lack in data migration expertise. Assess the true scope of the project, including how big the project is and how much time it’s expected to take. Assess the tools you’re using to see if they will be able to handle the data migration project you’re executing. By assessing these factors, you can determine if you need new tools, additional resources, or outside help to ensure everything goes smoothly. The Migration Phase The actual migration part of the data migration process is probably what most people think of when referring to data migration. This phase is comprised of a number of steps designed to get the data from its current location to its destination. As long as the established plan is followed, everything should run pretty smoothly. The first step in data migration is often referred to as data extraction. The data is taken from the source system where it resides into a temporary setup, which allows any needed changes to be made. Cleaning the data is the next part of the Migration Phase. Those familiar with data cleansing will know what this entails. Essentially, this means any inaccuracies within the data are fixed. This step also eliminates any duplicate information as well as cleaning up corrupted data where it applies. Once this step is completed, the data will be in a good state to move on. The next step involves the validating the data, where the data is tested before it is finally delivered to its destination. The purpose of the testing is to ensure that the data will work within the new system without any problems. Multiple tests should be conducted for the best results. Finally, the data will be loaded into the new system. This is the end step of the data migration process. Once done, the Migration Phase is over and the next phase can begin. The Post-Migration Phase Just because the data is now where it needs to be doesn’t mean the whole process is complete. There are still steps to follow as part of the Post-Migration Phase. The first begins with testing the new system with the relocated data. While it’s true that a form of testing already took place during the Migration Phase, this testing ensures that everything went well. The test will make sure that there aren’t any connectivity problems and that the data arrived at its proper destination securely and in its correct form. Numerous tests can be done at this point, including volume, web-based application, system, unit, and batch application tests. Once those tests are done, there’s still no guarantee that you have a problem-free system on your hands. To check for any errors that might have creeped in, you’ll need to perform a full audit of both the system and the data. For any mistakes that are identified, you can replace the data with what you already backed up, which only further emphasizes the importance of backing up all of the data before migration. With enough planning and a careful approach, data migration can go off without a hitch, leading organizations to reap the full rewards of using and analyzing all the data they collect.Data migration can be particularly tricky when it comes to integrating web data. Why data migration is important? Data migration is important because it is a required component to the upgrading or consolidation of the server and storage in the hardware, or adding data-intensive applications like databases, data warehouses, and data lakes, and large-scale virtualizated projects. Data migration strategies In planning and strategizing the work, teams required to give the migrations their full attention, rather than making them subordinate to do an another project with a large scope. A strategic data migration plan should include the consideration of these critical factors: Knowing the data — Before migration, source data that should needs to undergo a complete audit. Unexpected problems or failures, it can surface if this step is ignored. Cleanup — Once you identify any problem or failure with our source data, they must be resolved with the help of the strategy. This may required an additional software tools and third-party resources because of the work effort. Maintenance and protection —The source Data undergoes the degradation after a period of time, making it unreliable. This means there should be controls in place to maintain the data quality. Governance — Tracking and reporting on the data quality is important because it had enabled the better understanding for the integration of data. The process and tools have been used to produce the data information should be highly usable and automate the functions where if can be possible. In addition to a structured, step-by-step procedure, a data migration plan should include the steps for bringing on the right software and tools for the project. An organization’s which can be specifically, the business should needs and requirements will help establish what’s most appropriate. In addition to, the best strategies fall into one of two categories: “big bang” or “trickle.” “Big Bang” Migration àIn a big bang data migration, the full transfer is completed within a limited window of time. In the Live systems experience, downtime while the information or data goes through ETL processing and transitions to the new database. The drawback on this method is, of course, that it all happens in one time-boxed event, needs it will be relatively little time to complete. The pressure, though, can be intense, as the business operates with one of its resources offline. This risks a compromised implementation. In this big bang approach, it makes the most sense for your business, consider running through the migration process before the actual event. “Trickle” Migration Trickle migrations, in contrast, complete the migration process in phases. During implementation, the old system and the new are run in parallel, which eliminates downtime or operational interruptions. In this steps,there will be running in real-time can keep be the data continuously migrating. While Compared to the big bang approach, these implementations can be fairly complex in design; the added complexity — if done right — usually reduces risks, rather than adding them. Benefits of Data Migration • To Maintain the integration of data. • Advanced ROI, it decreases the costs of media and storage. • To Minimizing the unnecessary interrupted activity. • To Minimizing the regular manual effort for the business operations. • Boosting the organization production. • Maintaining the business growth in the data migration. Data Migration Examples Data Migration Tools • Amazon RDS • Oracle • MySQL • Amazon Aurora • Microsoft SQL Server • PostgreSQL Data Migration Tutorial 1. Explore and Assess the Source 2. Define and Design the Migration 3. Build the Migration Solution 4. Conduct a Live Test 5. Flipping the Switch 6. Audit Write A Comment
首页 > VOA慢速英语 > AS IT IS > [字幕]As It Is - Businessman Buys Famous Car Factory in Detroit 来源：慢速英语时间：2014-03-25 09:46:30 Hello and welcome back to a special program of As It Is …a way for you to learn and improve your American English. I’m Jim Tedder in Washington. Today we take you to Detroit, Michigan, and visit what was once a large part of America’s industrial strength. The Packard Plant was once the most modern automobile production center in the world. Now, the former factory buildings are in disrepair. And police and fire officials in Detroit say the factory grounds are a danger to the community. Detroit is known as the 'Motor City.' It is home to car makers Ford, Chrysler and General Motors. Before these businesses became world famous, the Packard Motor Car Company was the best known car maker in Detroit. The Packard plant was known for its big, strong buildings. These structures were famous for their open spaces and use of sunlight. The Packard Plant influenced the design of factories around the world. But by 2012, the Detroit Free Press was describing the Packard Plant as, big, ugly and dangerous. Today visitors are not permitted inside the old buildings. Some structures are collapsing. Roads within the 18 hectare property are damaged. Industrial wreckage and waste cover the grounds. But after the city of Detroit seized the property many people wanted to buy the old Packard Plant. The city took control of the land because the owner had failed to pay hundreds of thousands of dollars in taxes. The Detroit city government first attempted to sell the Packard Plant in October of 2012. A Spanish-born businessman, Fernando Palazuelo, was the third person to make an offer at a government auction. The first person offered six million dollars, but failed to make the full payment. A man who had offered two million dollars for the property also failed to pay. Finally, in 2013, the city accepted Mr. Palazuelo’s offer. He reportedly paid only $405,000 for the Packard Plant. The story of the Packard Plant begins in 1903 with two American brothers and a German immigrant. The brothers, William and James Ward Packard, thought they could build a better car. The immigrant, architect Albert Kahn, thought he could design a better factory. The Packard brothers moved some of their business operations to Detroit in 1903. They asked Kahn to design new factory buildings for the Packard Motor Car Company. His design included tall windows that gave factory workers plenty of light and fresh air. Kahn made the “daylight factory” popular. He used wood, brick and other traditional building materials in the first eight buildings. Then the architect began using reinforced concrete. This material helped protect buildings from being destroyed by fire. It is for this reason that the Packard plant has survived longer than the company that built it. Packard cars were the favorite cars of the rich in the early 20th century. In 1921, Warren G. Harding was the first American president to drive to his swearing-in ceremony. President Harding declared that America was in the age of what he called “the motor car.” In 1932, Americans elected Franklin Roosevelt as president. Roosevelt set up programs to keep people working during the Great Depression. In 1935, radio listeners could hear a Packard advertisement with the words, “Give A Man A Job. Buy A New Car.” Packard stopped making cars during World War II to build engines for military airplanes and ships. One day in 1943, production at the plant came to a halt. About 25,000 people walked off the job. White factory workers were protesting the naming of three African-Americans to new positions. Their appointments meant that the white workers would be working directly with African-Americans. The strike lasted three days. Later that summer, there were deadly race riots across Detroit. The unrest stopped war production for two weeks. After the war, the Packard Company began to lose business. The company was losing out to other companies. By 1959, production stopped and the Packard Plant was officially closed. Ownership of the Packard Plant has changed over the years. Since the early 1990s, the plant has been almost unoccupied. People continue to steal anything from the property that can be sold. Many musicians and visual artists have seen beauty and meaning in the wreckage of the Packard Plant. The British graffiti artist Banksy left two versions of his work on Packard Plant buildings in 2010. Detroit rapper Eminem has used the plant as a setting. The music video for his song 'Beautiful' shows him walking through the grounds. The new owner of the Packard plant has employed a security company to protect the property. Fernando Palazuelo plans to build a stronger fence to stop criminals and other individuals. Then he will begin the huge job of removing collapsed buildings and small mountains of old car tires. Mr. Palazuelo started his property development business in Spain. He sold and bought houses. Then, during the international economic crisis of 2008, he lost everything. He moved to Lima, Peru. The businessman bought old structures in the historic center of the Peruvian capital. He redeveloped the buildings and persuaded people to live and work in them. He says his experience in Lima will help him in Detroit. Mr. Palazuelo believes it will cost around $350 million dollars to save some of the old buildings and develop new structures. He wants to create space for new factories, offices, and homes. He also plans to include performance and art spaces. He estimates it will take between 10 and 15 years to redevelop the Packard Plant. This has been a special As It Is program about a part of America that was once called “the industrial heartland.” It was a manufacturing center like no other. The people of Detroit, Michigan, are proud of their history, and dream of a day when their hometown will once again help drive America forward. Thank you for listening. There are more Learning English programs coming your way in less than a minute. And there is world news at the beginning of the hour on VOA. I’m Jim Tedder in Washington.
Mou Vs Service Agreement Not everyone agrees on the benefits of an agreement. During trade negotiations with a Chinese representative in Washington in April 2019, a reporter asked President Donald Trump how long he expected the U.S. and China`s declarations of intent to continue. “I don`t like MOUs because they don`t mean anything,” the president replied. After some discussions, it was decided that any document from the discussions should be qualified as a trade agreement and never agreed. While there are marked theoretical differences between a contract and a declaration of intent, practical differences between these two agreements may be limited by partisan intentions. An agreement becomes enforceable if there is evidence that the parties intend to create a legally binding agreement. A Memorandum of Understanding is called a written legal document outlining the principles of an agreement between the parties or more that form a bilateral or multilateral agreement, duly signed by the parties. On the other hand, a contract can be defined as an exchange of relationships concluded by an oral or written agreement between two or more persons who have at least one commitment and who are recognized as enforceable by law. A declaration of intent is a document that articulates an agreement between two or more parties. The document is likely to detail the scope of the agreement, the duration of the agreement and how the agreement can be terminated. Often, a declaration of intent is used before the parties are ready to enter into a formal agreement. Parties can use a Memorandum of Understanding to set out expectations and responsibilities before a full agreement has been reached. An agreement is a legal document that is drawn up after the conclusion of the agreement and is a binding document. The applicability of a statement of intent therefore depends on the intent of the parties. If the parties do not want to make their agreement legally binding, the courts will not apply the document. However, if the parties intend to make the agreement legally binding, the courts may decide that the parties have in fact entered into a contract. The agreement contains proposals and the adoption and intention of the parties is to attach each other to the terms of the agreement. It is the intention of the parties that if someone violates the terms of the agreement in question, the other will go to court and get it. In the absence of an agreement between the parties on the nature of the dispute, the expert is appointed by the .. (A person appointed by a specialized agency). The clause will also reflect the impact of ongoing activities on the cessation of operations. Agreements: Most transaction agreements are concluded with the preamble/considering/Whereas. In many cases, when it begins with the term “whereas,” the whole recital begins. This describes the purpose of the entire transaction. Most businessmen, government authorities, legal entities and individuals often use these two entities in their daily lives to deal with another party in order to achieve a common goal. The parties must understand clearly that, if they want their decisions to be binding on each other, they can enter into an agreement that gives the parties their essential rights and can enforce them in court. If the parties do not want a legally binding person, they can engage in the MOU. Although it is an enforceable contract, the CEECs rarely contain the level of detail necessary to resolve misunderstandings when they arise. This entry was posted in Uncategorized. Bookmark the permalink.
We decided to focus on the energy aspect of sustainable cities and communities, and more specifically household consumption. The research showed that the average household consumes about 10,909 kWh per year. In 2014, in Sweden, the average household consumed about 12,583 kWh per year, which put Sweden at rank 28th on the list of countries by energy consumption. After deciding on our final approach, we started ideating on potential items that could trigger strong emotions regarding to the topic we want to raise awareness about. Therefore, thinking of how nature is the one that gets affected primarily by the carbon footprint, we thought of mimicking it through nature itself – a plant. Ideally, the plant itself should be perceived as the Earth, and in this sense, inspired by The Urban Canaries – we thought of having a plant whose wellbeing depends on the carbon emissions of a house; this way portraying the unsustainable energy consumption consequences over the planet at a smaller scale. The plant emulates nature by changing its health/state based on the carbon emissions produced by the unsustainable energy consumption in the house where it is placed. The mobile app is used to check the plant’s behavior, as well as, where things went wrong (which appliance used most energy). Used together, the prototype should raise awareness about the consequences of too much energy consumption and promote changes in the users’ unhealthy habits. Through the application, the user can take a photo of the plant and receive information about why the plant is reacting in the way that it is. This will enable the user to change bad habits of consuming unsustainable amounts of energy and raise awareness about the consequences of the energy usage. The final part of our project consisted of a website advertising the product. Our choices of wording and how we want to sell the product on the website was inspired by how Apple advertises their products. We wanted Plantify (the plant) to be perceived as a carefully designed product and therefore used phrases such as ” Timeless Scandinavian Design”, “magical piece of engineering” etc. In order to raise awareness and discussion on our topic we have added a strong motive: “(…) instead of waiting years for nature to respond.“. Through this paragraph, we wanted to raise awareness about our topic; implying that people would have to wait for years means that in reality the consequences of unsustainable energy consumption are not immediate, but rather shown over the years. On the website, we have also decided to show made-up testimonials, a page about our mission and the mobile app specs in order to immerse the user more into the future we speculate; where the people’s impact on nature is an universally accepted fact/truth, rather than a topic of discussion for politicians. Overview of the issue and the approach: We decided to approach the problem through a speculative design approach, generating knowledge through the use of digital materials and prototyping techniques. We began by doing research and looking at sub-goals and specific objectives in order to gain a better understanding of how we could tackle the goal we decided to design for. We have then narrowed down our insights and looked at how a speculative design approach could help Malmö become a more sustainable city. As Malmö is a city that is in continuous development, we thought that a substantial energy consumption will also come in time. Thus, we decided to approach working with the UN’s goal from this perspective. Looking at the statistics, we have seen that Sweden is doing a better job than other countries around Europe, but the carbon footprint is still big. We wanted to narrow down our research, but unfortunately, we couldn’t find accurate data on energy consumption per household in Sweden, so we had to look at the broader picture of energy consumption / household in Europe. Another considerable element of energy usage that frequently came up, during our research, referred to standby losses, which stands for energy used by appliances while in standby. According to the International Energy Agency, by 2030, 15% of the overall electricity use of appliances in Europe will be due to standby functions. Also, inspired from other speculative design approaches, such as Weather Wash, a modern laundry cleaning system, that is in direct relation with the weather, we decided to design a at a small scale, for people or each house; raising awareness in regards to energy consumption per household items. Based on our findings we decided to work with the objective to “Raise awareness about the consequences of unsustainable energy usage, by informing people about household energy consumption”. The essence of the solution: Through the use of the plant and mobile application the user receives information on how to consume sustainable amounts of energy and raises awareness about the consequences of high energy consumptio. The stakeholders in the project: Citizens of Malmö, Sweden.
What is Pericoronitis? Wisdom teeth are aptly named as they are the last teeth to erupt in life, usually coming in during your late teens or early twenties when a few more of life’s lessons have been learned. Pericoronitis occurs around a wisdom tooth that has failed to come in or has only partially erupted. A partially-erupted wisdom tooth can leave a flap of gum tissue that collects food particles and other debris - an ideal breeding ground for bacteria. What are the symptoms of pericoronitis? • Unpleasant taste in the mouth, resulting from infected tissue • Halitosis (bad breath) • Pain and possible discharge of pus in the area of tooth involved • Swelling in the back of the mouth, to the point where biting may be difficult due to tissue pinched between teeth • Difficulty opening your mouth to its fullest extent If you experience any of these symptoms, consider rinsing your mouth with warm salt water to help soothe the pain and cope with gum swelling. But be sure to visit the dentist as quickly as possible, as this infection will not clear on its own and may get worse. How is pericoronitis treated? First, your dentist will flush away the accumulated food particles and other debris from the area. Then, he or she will prescribe a course of oral antibiotics to clear up the infection. He or she will also recommend an antibacterial oral rinse that you can use to clear the infected area. You can also take over-the-counter pain relievers, or a pain reliever prescribed by your dentist, to manage the pain. What happens next depends on the status of the wisdom tooth. Sometimes, pericoronitis develops near a tooth that is still in the process of erupting, which will continue to come in normally. In that case, your dentist will monitor the area to ensure that it stays clean and infection does not recur, until the tooth has fully come in. If your symptoms are severe, it may also be necessary to have minor oral surgery to remove the flap of gum tissue (called the operculum). If it appears that the wisdom tooth will not come in normally, the dentist may recommend that it be removed. Sometimes, the dentist may remove both upper and lower wisdom teeth, to prevent the upper tooth from biting into the lower gum and causing further infection. Can I prevent pericoronitis? Pericoronitis sometimes occurs even with excellent dental care. The best preventive strategy is to brush and floss regularly, use an antibacterial rinse, and follow any other recommendations your dentist gives you for good oral hygiene. Source: Columbia College of Dental Medicine Dental library Our clinic acquired The Gemini laser with a PBM adapter, allowing us to offer patients a pain management therapy for TMJ and other discomfort patients may experience. Photobiomodulation (PBM), or low-level laser therapy, is a non-invasive photo-chemical reaction where light energy of a certain wavelength, intensity, and duration is absorbed at a cellular level, improving local circulation, oxygenation, and enzyme activity. It has been clinically tested and shown to help improve tissue repair and reduce pain and inflammation. The potential application of the PBM includes, but not limited to: • Pain control after surgery and root canal therapy • Improved healing of implants and grafts. • Treating dry socket. • Eliminating the use of opioids. • Nerve regeneration. • Treating facial pain and TMD pain. • Treating soft tissue lesions such as cold sores and aphthous ulcers. • Preventing and/or treating mucositis (inflammation of the soft tissues) • Treating dentine hypersensitivity Our digestive system (and our mouth belongs to it) contains trillions of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms, that coexist in a delicate balance to regulate everything from your mental health to your skin’s sensitivity. If something happens to disturb this balance, for example, you take a course of antibiotics, you may experience symptoms ranging from digestive issues to psoriasis. The shift to more pathogenic flora causes tooth decay or caries. Oral streptococci, such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sorbrinus, are considered to be the main etiological agents of tooth decay in children. Other bacteria, such as Prevotella spp. and Lactobacillus spp., and fungus, that is, Candida albicans, are also related to the development and progression of early child caries. That’s why fermented foods ( like kimchi, sauerkraut, and kefir ) that are rich in probiotic bacteria get such high marks in health circles. Your mouth, as I have mentioned before, is the entry point to your gut, and contains a similar community of important organisms that help to regulate your whole body. Of course, we are all aware of the need to maintain good dental hygiene. What is changing about that now is twofold. One, we are understanding more about how the microbiome can impact things inside and outside our mouths. And two, the idea of “clean at all costs” is changing. Bad breath and cavities are signs of an unbalanced gut microbiome. It is a chicken-or-egg situation. They go hand in hand and one can facilitate the other. Some infections in other parts of your body tend to coexist with bacterial imbalances in the mouth. Some ear infections, as well as gum disease, and some infections in the throat can be a sign of problems with the oral microbiome. Keeping balance in the microbiome isn’t just about elimination bad bacteria, however. It’s also about letting good bacteria thrive, which brings us to public-health-enemy No.1 for doctors of different specialties: mouthwashes with alcohol and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). These ingredients absolutely blast your mouth and give you this intense feeling of cleanliness. But it is ephemeral. If you checked the bacterial balance in your mouth about an hour later, it would be skewed towards the bad bacteria. A better way to care for your oral microbiome is to keep your tongue clean. The tongue is like a rug, bacteria get into the grooves and stay there under anaerobic (no oxygen) condition. Diet also makes a big difference: the healthier, more versatile and lower in sugar the diet is, the easier it will be to maintain a healthy oral microbiome. Nasal rinses and mouthwashes, which directly impact the major sites of reception and transmission of human coronaviruses (HCoV), may provide an additional level of protection against the virus. In the experiment, performed by Craig Meyers and his colleagues and published in the Journal of Medical Virology (2020, Sep 17), the researchers created cells grown from human tissue and then infected them with HCoV. HCoV is a human coronavirus 229e played the role of a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2. They subjected the virus to several common, over-the-counter mouthwashes and rinses for 30 seconds, 1 minute, and 2 minutes, and measured how much of the virus was inactivated. The reported results were the following: • Peroxide Sore Mouth (CVS), Orajel Antiseptic Rinse (Church & Dwight Co.), and 1.5% H2O2 (Cumberland-Swan) — all of which listed hydrogen peroxide as their active ingredient — inactivated less than 90% to as much as 99% of the HCoV, depending on contact time. • Crest Pro‐Health (Proctor & Gamble) mouthwash inactivated 99.9% to more than 99.99% of the HCoV during all three contact times. • Listerine Ultra (Johnson & Johnson Consumer), Equate (Wal-Mart Co.) and Antiseptic Mouthwash (CVS) inactivated less than 99.9% of the HCoV at 30 seconds. • Listerine Antiseptic (Johnson & Johnson Consumer) mouthwash which, according to researchers, had the same or similar inactive ingredients as Listerine Ultra, Equate and Antiseptic Mouthwash inactivated more than 99.9% of the virus at 30 seconds. However, per Hana Akselrod, MD, MPH, before we start telling our patients to use mouthwash to prevent the spread of the coronavirus, we still need to learn how mouthwashes, nasal rinses and sinus rinses would work in the nose, mouth and throat of individuals infected with COVID-19, not in a simulated environment. We also need to answer questions, like how long would you have to gargle with mouthwash, as well as how often would you have to gargle? Is it safe for people to use mouthwashes and nasal rinses for the purposes of preventing the spread of the coronavirus? Source: healio.com, PubMed.gov Page 1 of 4
نمونه شماره صد وچهل و دو رایتینگ تسک 2 آیلتس Should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: Smoking should be banned in all public places. What is your opinion? Please give reasons? You should write at least 250 words. As the society grows more and more health conscious, stronger voices to ban smoking in all public areas begin to emerge. Banning public has been used as a mean for government to discourage smoking and also to improve city image. It is almost impossible to achieve consensus on this issue as it creates great inconvenience for the smokers. However, I believe smoking should be banned in public places and my reasons are as follow. Looking at the health aspect, smoking should be banned in public places because it is not only a health hazard for the smoker it creates more harm to the others. Cigarette is a known carcinogen that has been associated with increased rates of lung cancer and heart disease. However, the hazard does not end there second-hand smoke has been proven to create more detrimental effects on health on both the smokers and the people around them. This is especially harmful for those with weaker immune systems such as children and elderly. Looking at the sociological aspect, smoking should be banned in public places because smoking is a personal choice. One’s personal enjoyment should not be at the expense of others’ health. When a person smokes in indoor public areas such as restaurants and shopping centers, pollutants continue to circulate the premise and affecting the health of everyone within the building. It is unfair for the non-smokers to be forced to share the health risks of the smokers. To sum up, public places are shared by all, smokers and non-smokers, old and young, and should be made friendly to all. Negative effects of smoking go beyond the smoker himself, creating health problems of the public. While some choose to accept the side effects of smoking, risks of smoking should not be forced upon others. Therefore, in my humble opinions, smoking should be banned in public places. دانلود فایل PDF نمونه شماره 142 رایتینگ تسک 2 آیلتس Share this post
Jun 3 2012 Long Journeys in Wild Lands Cattle die, kinsmen die, oneself dies just the same. But words of glory never die for one who gets a good name. -Hávámál, from The Elder Edda: A Book of Viking Lore I saw the Rūs, who had come for trade and had camped by the river Itil. I have never seen bodies more perfect than theirs. They were like palm trees. They are fair and ruddy. They wear neither coats nor caftans, but a garment which covers one side of the body and leaves one hand free. Each of them carries an axe, a sword and a knife and is never parted from any of the arms we have mentioned. Their swords are broad bladed and grooved like the Frankish ones. From the tips of his toes to his neck, each man is tattooed in dark green with designs, and so forth. –Ibn Fadlán, In the Land of Darkness The Long ShipsIn the year 921 the Caliph of Baghdad, Muqtadir, sent an emissary north up the Volga river to a recently converted khan who was seeking religious instruction in his new faith, not to mention a surer alliance with his powerful southern neighbor. The emissary was Ibn Fadlán, a man who was both conscientious and devout, and perhaps also a little curious for he wrote a diary of his journey recording his impressions and what he observed of the customs of the people whose land he passed through on his way northwards towards the Bulghar khanate. His account has been largely ignored by history since it lacks both what his contemporaries would call “wonders” (descriptions of miraculous things), and moral edifications of the kind that highlight the superiority of the faithful and the civilized over the barbarian unbelievers. It is, Ibn Fadlán’s fellow scribes might have commented, a remarkably dry and boring account of how a barbaric people lived–what they ate, how they dressed, (and an unflinching description of how, and how often, they had sex). In other words, Ibn Fadlán was something of an anthropologist. And if it is clear that he wasn’t always best pleased with the circumstances he found himself in (“They have neither olive oil nor sesame oil; in place of these they use fish oil, so that everything they make with it smells bad.”) modern scholars are nevertheless indebted to Ibn Fadlán’s talent for observation and attention to detail. His account is one of the few reliable primary sources for the area and the era–for the people of the upper Volga known as the Rūs. Today, we would call them the Vikings. Ibn Fadlán reached Kiev in 922. If he had made his journey a generation later, he might have run into someone like Red Orm, the engaging Viking chieftain at the center of The Long Ships, the Danish historical novel by Frans. G. Bengtsson, newly resurrected from oblivion by NYRB Classics press. A stirring epic of a bygone age, The Long Ships is a remarkable portrayal of a northern Europe that is little understood–a Europe where the Roman Empire is a long ago legend, Charlemagne a living memory, and where Christianity was still a suspect new religion contending against pagan practices that have stood for thousands of years. Orm is the youngest son of a Danish Thane who spends the long days of summer roving the sea with his ships, raiding coastal settlements as far as Ireland, before returning home at the end of the season, boats laden with plunder, ready to settle down and grow old with his wife and his family at their holding. This contentment lasts while the winter nights remain long, but eventually spring comes, the ale runs low, his wife tires of him underfoot, and the sea calls him back. And then he is gone again, taking his eldest sons with him. But not Orm, who his mother keeps by her side for fear of a premonition she has had that he will die at sea. Alas, like most premonitions, it is in attempting to avoid our fate that we cause it to come to pass, and thus it is with Orm (called “Red Orm” for the color of his beard and his quick temper). The holding is attacked by a party of raiders, and Orm suffers a bit of bad luck and is wounded and captured. Thus, his mother’s vision of her youngest son lying bleeding on the deck of a ship comes true. But Orm does not die. Instead, he recovers, and wins his place among the company that has captured him, and finds he likes the life of a Viking raider. It is the beginning of his first long voyage, which takes Orm to the coasts of Northern France, all the way down to Cordoba, Spain, where he ends up as a galley slave before eventually winning the favor of the great Muslim general and defender of the faith, Almansur. He serves his new master well and is rewarded and is seemingly content with his new life, until fate intervenes again and sends Orm back to the North, this time with his own commandeered ships and treasures. He ends up at the court of the Danish King Harald Bluetooth, and earns his favor by proving to be a good fighter, a good storyteller, not to mention a man who happened to carry stolen holy relics in his commandeered ship that were able to cure the king’s debilitating toothache. Orm almost undoes all this goodwill by falling for the King’s daughter, but fate intervenes again, and he escapes Harald’s wrath to return home a rich man, ten years after he was first spirited away. And that was his first voyage. There are three others. The Long Ships is high adventure of the kind that earn novelists like Patrick O’Brian and Dorothy Dunnett such fanatical, devoted followings. Panoramic and almost ballad-like in its language, it gives no quarter to the eager reader but simply sets him down on the deck of a Viking ship to see for himself–just as Ibn Fadlán had done so many years before. It is with the almost innocent eyes of a company of Viking raiders that we see the powers that be at work in the world: Of Christianity, which is making headway in the north, they have only the vaguest notions: “Orm said that he had heard that the dead man had been nailed to a tree, as the sons of Ragnar Hairy-Breeks had done in the old days with the chief priest of England. But how they could continue to regard him as a god after the Jews had killed him, none of them could understand; for obviously no true God could be killed by men. Of struggles for territory among distant kings, they have a kind of fatalistic acceptance that this is how it has been and will always be: “Here ancient crosses were constantly to be seen on promontories and at river mouths, but even more frequent were pikes with bearded heads set on them, to signify that the rulers of that land had no desire to welcome seamen from their own northern climes upon their coasts.” Orm on seeing them commented that “he would bear in mind, when he got home, this idea of putting heads on poles, for they would make fine scarecrows to protect his sheep.” His fellow sailors find this funny. In fact, one of the best things about The Long Ships is its forthright, irrepressible humor, which in turn often cloaks a kind of sad wisdom that shores up the story. One of Orm’s shipmates, for example, chose a life on the sea to escape a shrewish wife. He is called Berse the Wise, because he is the most patient man among the company. Such brief quick moments of clarity often catch the reader by surprise–unexpected in a story that has maintained tone of a poet singing for his supper. (The author modeled the narrative on the some of the smaller Icelandic sagas called “pættir.”) We forget that this is no fairy-tale or legend until we are suddenly brought up short by a quick portrait of real human agony, such as one man’s last-ditch revenge on the man who has enslaved him, or the sudden scene of the birth of a deep friendship–such as the argument Orm has with a Christian priest who is treating him for an injury. The priest is abrasive, Orm is hypochondriac, and the two manage to earn each other’s respect in that contrary way that would have every woman from Denmark to Japan shaking their heads and thinking “men.” When Orm thanks the priest for not trying to convert him while he is treating him, the priest answers that Orm is not worth the bother: “the grown men of this country are veritable apostles of Satan…no redemption can suffice to wipe away such vileness as their souls are stained with. Of this I am sure, for I know them well; therefore I do not waste my time trying to convert such men as you. Orm, who has served under an Islamic master and bowed towards Mecca five times a day at his insistence, once again finds this funny. He is of a pragmatic bent when it comes to religion, his big complaint with Islam being its ban on alcohol, and he is perfectly willing to turn Christian when he realizes it will allow him to marry his lady. Brother Willeford, who finds one of his few joys in life in abusing the men of this wild north land as the spawns of Satan, chooses to follow Orm and his newlywed wife deep into the borderlands, even taking up arms on their behalf. (Well, he throws a rock at a pursuer–but his aim is excellent). So there is a strong element of parody in the book, but an equally strong sense of affection, and even patriotism. The Long Ships was first published in Sweden in 1941, under the title Roede Orm, sjoefararae i vaesterled (Red Orm on the Western Way). It quickly became a national bestseller, Red Orm a kind of Danish and Swedish Davy Crockett–a portrait of the best of the character of the men of the north. The War prevented the book reaching a wider European audience–Bengtsson himself blocked the translation of the book into Norweigan while the country was under Nazi occupation, and it wasn’t until after his death that the book was finally translated into English, in 1955. But it has never lost its popularity in its own country, and is sometimes credited with sparking the resurging interest in Viking culture and lore. That it has not become better known in the English-speaking world–where we idolize authors like JRR Tolkien–is something of a mystery. Bengtsson is a far better storyteller. Plus, when his characters break into poetry and song, they keep it short. And he never subjects the reader to long passages in made up languages. A strange and exotic story of a long lost time, full of battles and duels, treasure-ships and kingly feasts, strange pagan practices and absurd theological arguments, and vivid pictures of the real costs of war, The Long Ships is a mesmerizing tale, where the high drama comes not from some high quest or pursuit of a noble cause (no Holy Grails to be found in these northern lands, no crusades are wielded on its shores, no evil lords are challenged or defeated), but simply from the steadfast resolution of a man determined to win his way through what the fates throw at him, while retaining his honor, securing his fortune, and claiming his place for his family and his home. When the story opens, Orm is watching his restless father sail off onto a summer sea, a man never truly content in any one place. But not so his son, who travels much further than his father ever will. Orm has seen the sands of Spain, the cliffs of Ireland, and the stones of Kiev. He has drawn his sword in many battles in many distant lands, and defended many different kings, and many different kinds of ladies. But in the end is what he most wants is to defend his own wife and own hearth. Praise the day at evening; a wife, when she’s been burnt; a sword, which it’s been tested; a maid, when she’s been wed; ice, when it’s crossed over; ale, when it’s drunk down. Cut wood on a windy day, row to sea in fine weather, murmur to friends in the darkness: many are the eyes of day; ask swiftness of a ship, protection from a shield, sharpness from a sword, kisses from a girl. Drink ale by the fireside, slide on ice, buy a mount lean and a sword-blade bloody, fatten a horse at home and a hound in the house. Books mentioned in this column: The Elder Edda: A Book of Viking Lore, translated and edited by Andy Orchard (Penguin, 2011) Ibn Fadlan and the Land of Darkness: Arab Travellers in the Far North, translated with an introduction by Paul Lunde and Carolina Stone (Penguin, 2012) The Long Ships by Frans G. Bengtsson, translated by Michael Meyer (NYRB, 2010)
Don't treat coronavirus by injecting disinfectant - it could kill you! Can injecting disinfectants like bleach or isopropyl alcohol into the body treat coronavirus? NO! Please don't even think of injecting or inhaling bleach, isopropyl alcohol, or any other disinfectants, to treat COVID-19, no matter what you hear. And remember, if in doubt, ask a medical expert! And if you're wondering why anyone would even think about making a video about not injecting yourself with disinfectant, this was a suggestion made by President Trump at a press conference on April 23, 2020. As the news report below makes clear, if people do this, people will die. Transcript: alugha Click here to see more videos: LicenseCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike More videos by this producer Just how dangerous is a cup of coffee? A California judge is requiring cancer warning labels on coffee. So we thought we’d take look at some of the other highly improbable risks associated with your cup of joe. We love a good cup of coffee at Risk Bites. So we were rather dismayed to discover that California judge William le Jeunesse ha Why don't people take measles more seriously? How do you decide whether you should be worried about communicable diseases like measles? University of Michigan’s Professor Brian Zikmund-Fisher returns to Risk Bites to explain the "availability heuristic" – the way we all use our memory and feelings to inform our risk perceptions about infectious What is nanotechnology? A short introduction to nanotechnology, and why you should care about it. The video dives into materials science and advanced materials, and looks at how designing and engineering substances from the atoms they're made of upward allows novel properties to be developed and used. It also looks at res
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