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Math & Computer Science Flashcards Preview General Knowledge > Math & Computer Science > Flashcards Flashcards in Math & Computer Science Deck (23) Loading flashcards... What is dependency injection? Rather than a client object creating its own dependencies or services, they are supplied by someone else so that the client doesn’t need to know how to create the service What are eigenvectors and eigenvalues? Eigenvectors of a linear transformation (matrix) are not changed except in magnitude (the corresponding eigenvalue). They can form the basis vectors of a transformation What is a multiplexer? A logic gate that toggles between the value of 2 inputs depending on the selector What does an ALU do? How is it made? It can do many different calculations (AND, NOT, addition, negation, etc) on inputs depending on several other inputs that can be relatively elegantly designed How can you create memory from NAND gates? Build a flip-flop using a looped NAND gate What is machine language? Binary instructions to a computer corresponding to different ALU calculations and storage into registers and memory What is assembly? A human readable version of machine language e.g. D=A+1, @variable with labels What are the 3 main components of a computer? ROM (instructions), CPU, and Memory What is an assembler? Turns assembly into machine language, including converting various labels and variables What does a Virtual Machine do? Provides indirection between a high level language and assembly How are Virtual Machines implemented? Stack Machine How are function calls represented in a VM? All arguments are already on the stack. Add the return code address and other pointers. Reserve space for the local variables. Move the stack pointer and jump How are methods and constructors different from regular function calls? They also either allocate space or add a "this" reference How are variables tracked in a compiler? A linked list of Symbol tables that each go deeper into scope What does an operating system take care of? Memory management, device input, output, strings, arrays, math, initializing everything above What is Godel's Theorem of Incompleteness? All consistent axiomatic formulations of number theory include undecidable propositions Any system sufficiently powerful to express arithmetic is either incomplete or inconsistent What was Hilbert's program? Split mathematics (basic strings) and meta-mathematics (defining statements about such strings) to develop absolute proofs that don’t depend on other systems How does Godel numbering work? Assign Godel numbers to all operations, variables, statements, predicates, and sequences of statements using clever schemes of multiplying prime numbers so that they are all unique What is the halting problem? How can we prove it is undecidable? Decision problem for whether a given program halts on a given input. Proof by contradiction. Assume it exists. Create a new program that takes an input and runs that input on that program. Halt if it doesn’t and loop if it does. Give that program as an input to itself l, which leads to a contradiction. What is a convolutional neural network? Apply a kernel across an image to aggregate data, which creates a filtered set of linear combinations of local feature. Run that through a neural net What is a Recurrent Neural Network? Takes input and then feeds back into itself. It can take 1 or multiple inputs and generate 1 or multiple outputs. Good for sequential data or keeping memory What is a Recursive neural network? Aggregates into a hierarchical structure. How is 3-SAT NP Complete?
How Hydrated are you and why is this so important for our Health? Water is essential for every cell within our body and accounts for up to 60% of your body. We will have an infinite thirst for water and to ensure we remain hydrated, it’s important to consume enough each day or symptoms of dehydration can begin to show in a variety of ways • What is the recommended daily water intake to consume?It is advised to consume between 6-8 glasses of water a day (200ml sized glasses), this may vary between individual’s dependant on how active they are, if they are working in warmer climates and if they have been advised medically to limit their consumption to support their current health. • But I don’t like the taste of water….Any fluid will hydrate the body, utilising squashes and fruit juices will add flavour, although be mindful of moderation as sugar content can potentially be elevated in this types of products.Consider the use of herbal teas or adding lemon or elderflower to the water will give it that uplifting sweeter taste without an acceleration of sugar. Different varieties of milk can be enjoyed as hydrating too. • I drink a lot of Tea and Coffee throughout the day…Standard cups of Tea and Coffee, carbonated drinks and energy drinks (dependent on strengthens) will have a caffeine content to them, which can act as a mild diuretic, these have the potential to dehydrate us and certainly offer symptoms of dehydration such as headaches or a consistent feeling of a dry mouth. • I’m too busy to drink water during the day…Consuming water little and often through the day can be difficult during busy lives, the key is to find a solution that works for you, could you carry a bottle of water in your bag when out? Leaving water in the car to intake when returning after each trip, having a bottle of water on your desk close to you, setting alarms on your phone/ work station to get up and move and incorporate a trip to the water fountain within this. It’s finding something that works for you, that you can apply to your lifestyle and create a new habit within your day. What’s so good about water…? Water will promote good cardiovascular health, when the body is dehydrated this affects your blood volume. A low blood volume will put extra effort on the heart to get oxygen to your working muscles which can make daily activities feel more challenging than before and reach fatigue quicker. Water will promote good function of your muscles and joints, when hydrated this will add to supporting the lubricating of your joints and helps provide nutrients to contracting muscles whilst removing waste efficiently to allow a better performance of movement. Water promotes the cleansing of the body inside and out, it is vital to stay hydrated to support the function of the kidney’s (they have a role to cleanse the blood and water is required for this process to ensure we avoid ill health) How do I know if I’m hydrated or dehydrated? The body is very good to sending you a signal with the request of thirst if it’s reaching dehydration levels, dry mouth is very common and using the colour of urine is a strong indicator, from a pale colour suggests hydration through to a darker yellow for dehydration and a browner colour if severely dehydrated. Any random good-to-know facts… Drinking cold water asks the body to expend more calories to heat the water to your body temperature. It can be advised to drink water 30 minutes before a planned meal, allowing us to feel fuller, to help limit the amount of calories consumed within that meal. For more information about diet, nutrition and hydration book an appointment with Chartered Nutritionist Robyn Cardy. You can also book with Personal Trainer Ben Durham who will help you to apply this information into your routine. on 01284 748200 E: admin@buryphysio.co.uk Bury Physio Updates * indicates required
US Markets Loading... H M S In the news The difference between antibody and antigen tests for the coronavirus: Who should get them and what do they do? A medical assistant administers a COVID-19 test in Fridley, Minnesota. Aaron Lavinsky/Star Tribune via Getty Images • Diagnostic or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests are currently being used to diagnose patients with COVID-19. • Antibody tests allow for more accurate tracking of the spread of the coronavirus. People who test positive for coronavirus antibodies can also donate plasma. • Antigen testing is not on the market yet, but Massachusetts-based E25Bio is among several companies seeking FDA approval for at-home test kits. • Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories. With new information released all the time, it can be difficult to keep track of how doctors are testing for the coronavirus. While identifying and treating infected patients is critical, some tests add to our greater understanding of the pandemic's size, impact, and direction. Here is a breakdown of the differences between diagnostic, antibody, and antigen testing. Diagnostic testing: the frontline defense A diagnostic or a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test is used for someone suspected of being infected with the coronavirus, usually obtained through a nasal or throat swab. Due to the limited supply in the US, though, typically only people with severe symptoms are tested. Hailey Boland, 20, a certified nursing assistant at John C. Fremont Hospital, receives a test for COVID-19 on the first day of testing for Mariposa residents at the Mariposa Alternative School Gym in Mariposa on April 30, 2020. Results of diagnostic tests can typically take at least one to two days, though more rapid versions are in development. Genaro Molina / Los Angeles Times via Getty Images "This test is looking for the presence of viral genetic material indicating the person has a current infection and is likely infectious," epidemiologist Tista Ghosh, medical director at Grand Rounds, told Insider. "Pathogens can be seen directly in specimens from the patient, often using a microscope, or grown in the laboratory over a period of days to weeks," Stephen Berger, founder of the Global Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Network, said. Nucleic acid tests, which are more sensitive in early detection, have been used extensively during the current pandemic. Results can typically take at least one to two days, though more rapid versions are in development. While they can detect the virus in those who are asymptomatic, diagnostic tests present a false negative in about 30% of cases. Patients are therefore tested twice before being confirmed as noninfectious. Antibody testing: Are you immune? People who may have been infected and recovered are checked for antibodies, proteins the body creates to help fight off a particular infection. Coronavirus antibodies are generally not detectable until 14 days after symptoms began. "In most viral infections, specific antibodies can be detected for months to years following infection — and in many cases well into old age," says Berger. A person undergoes a finger prick blood sample as part of of an antibody rapid serological test for COVID-19 on May 6, 2020. TIZIANA FABI/AFP via Getty Images Once someone is confirmed to have the antibodies they're able to donate plasma to patients who are currently infected. But antibody testing is also used to gain a more accurate representation of the pandemic's overall impact. Widespread antibody testing can help track where the virus has spread and its fatality rate, and determine whether or not it's appropriate to ease a lockdown. Unlike the swab for diagnosis, antibody tests require a blood sample, usually through a finger prick. The blood is then examined for two types of antibodies: IgM antibodies, which develop early during an infection, and IgG antibodies, which are more likely to be detected after you've recovered and are a better indicator of at least partial immunity. IgM test results can be available in as little as 15 minutes, while IgG tests are sent away to a lab and it can take up to a week for results. But some clinics will only perform IgG blood tests because they're more reliable. Does having antibodies to the coronavirus mean you're immune? It's not clear. "In theory, the presence of these antibodies indicates a person has a low likelihood of being infected again," Ghosh said. "But we do not yet know the degree of immunity or how long this immunity lasts." It's also not clear if antibody tests cross-react with antibodies of other, more common coronaviruses or if immunity provided by antibodies from one strain of the coronavirus extends to another strain. And a negative result doesn't necessarily mean you didn't have COVID-19. It could mean you have an active infection and just haven't built up any antibodies. Even without symptoms, you'd still be at risk for spreading the virus. The FDA has issued emergency use authorizations to increase antibody testing for the. Currently, there are over 120 different tests on the market, but not all are effective. "Early results suggest that many of the serology tests on the market today are inaccurate and unreliable, and may have a high rate of false positives," Ghosh said. "So employers will need to carefully vet the quality of a given serology test before selecting a vendor, and will need to test employees multiple times to reduce the rate of false readings." On Monday, the FDA announced that companies have 10 days to prove the accuracy of their antibody tests or risk removal from the market. Antigen testing: the path to reopening America While PCR tests pick up the coronavirus' genetic material, antigen tests register surface proteins on the virus. They're easier to spot, making testing quicker and cheaper, and potentially available for at-home use. "The presence of COVID-19 and many other viruses in patient specimens can be confirmed using these antigen tests, usually within minutes to hours," Berger said. "In COVID-19, the viral antigen will already be detectable at the first sign of disease. In fact, many patients will already excrete viral RNA for several days before there are any symptoms whatsoever." An antigen can only indicate if you are currently infected, not if you recovered from the virus. deborah birx Associated Press/Patrick Semansky White House coronavirus response coordinator Deborah Birx indicated at a recent briefing that reliable antigen testing could help reopen America, ABC News reported. "There will never be the ability on a nucleic acid test to do 300 million tests a day or to test everybody before they go to work or to school," Birx said. "But there might be with the antigen test." There are no antigen tests currently on the market, but several companies are working on them. OraSure Technologies is developing a home kit that would allow users to test themselves with a saliva sample. E25Bio, backed by MIT scientists, is seeking FDA approval for a rapid-response kit that could provide results within 15 minutes. E25bio testing strips. E25bio testing strips. E25Bio's test resembles an over-the-counter pregnancy test: A nasal swab is taken, with the sample added to a solution and placed on a paper strip treated with artificial antibodies. If the test is positive for coronavirus, a colored indicator forms on the strip. While antigen tests ease and speed make them attractive, their lack of sensitivity does not: They've been found to miss about 15% to 20% of infections. "If you're using this test to screen people to make sure that they're not infected, and that they go back to work or things like that, then you'd be giving people the message that they are not infected when actually they are — and therefore transmitting the new coronavirus," Jesse Papenburg, an infectious disease expert at McGill University, told NPR. For an antigen test for coronavirus to really work, scientists must understand the biology and structure of the coronavirus, something they're only beginning to do. Loading Something is loading. 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This Is What Happens to Your Brain During Online Classes Online classes aren't easy at all. by Mylene Mendoza \| Aug 14, 2020 Art: Hannah Villafuerte Share This! Now that most schools are about to resume classes online, students will have to master the routine of going on video calls for synchronous learning. And although it might seem effortless for us to be in front of our computer screen for a long amount of time (at this point, we're probably experts at it), science says it's actually not! We may no longer be tiring ourselves out with commuting to school, but studying from home produces its own kind of exhaustion. Have you ever heard of the new phenomenon called "Zoom fatigue?" It's the kind of ~tired~ you'll feel when you spend a long period of time doing video calls, the way you do with your online lectures. Although it's named after the popular video conferencing platform Zoom, the effect is applicable and similarly felt even when you use other identical apps like Skype or Messenger. What exactly causes Zoom fatigue? This isn't the kind of fatigue brought about by physical exertion. Rather, it's the type of exhaustion that we experience mentally. Difficulty picking up social cues Classes are a social setting, first and foremost. Now that it's done digitally, the traditional way of interaction has been removed from the equation, which makes it harder for us to pick up social cues. Featured Video In an article on, American Psychological Association co-chair Brian Wind, PhD shares, "When we interact with people face to face, we're not only listening to their voices and looking at their faces—we're picking up on social cues, like hand movements, body movements, and even a person's energy." Now that everyone else is just a rectangular blob on your screen, however, our brains now have to put in extra effort to process information from social interactions. Aside from the added difficulty of picking up social cues, postulates that we become extra tired after video calls because the setting means we're constantly "under the spotlight." Unlike in a traditional classroom where your classmates aren't constantly looking at you, online classrooms through video conferences put all your faces side by side on one screen even when you're not speaking, which means you're exposed for everyone to see for the entire duration of your session. This makes you feel more conscious and more inclined to portray yourself in a certain way, which is added work for your brain. Internet connection problems There's also the issue of poor connectivity, which disrupts the flow of the class and prevents participants from receiving real-time reactions. Isn't it also somewhat overwhelming when you end up speaking simultaneously because your internet connections are lagging? Why it's hard to focus on online lectures even if you try Because your home is not a classroom, it can be harder for you to stay focused during online classes. You may be easily distracted by things around your house, the people you live with, your neighbor's barking dog, or a tricycle passing by, among other external factors you can't control. It's also possibly because you're just ~mentally~ tired. According to, one way mental fatigue can manifest is through the inability to stay focused. When your brain is tired, it gets extra harder to complete a task. But it's note entirely hopeless. There are little things you can do to address this struggle. Friendly note: We aren't always on top of our tasks and we will have bad days, especially since we're in the middle a worldwide health crisis. It's okay to take it one step at a time! You don't have to rush the process of getting yourself together. How do you feel about this article? About the author Mylene Mendoza Candy Staff Writer How do you feel? Click on your mood to read related stories The Latest The director behind it is known for his socially conscious works.
📝 Feedback Ovaries are those female organs which are the homologous of testes in the male. These can also be termed as female gonads. Their work is to generate female gametes termed as oocytes (mature ova). The ovaries are shaped like an almond and are grayish pink in color. The Colon is part of the final stages of digestion. It split into 4 parts: (a) ascending colon, (b) transverse colon, (c) descending colon, and (d) sigmoid colon. Ascending Colon The ascending colon is an upward continuation of the caecum. It’s about 5 inch (12.5 cm) in Synonyms: Ren: kidney (in Latin); Nephros: kidney (in Greek). Kidneys are the two reddish-brown organs inside the abdomen, situated on the posterior abdominal wall, resembling beans. The waste products of protein metabolism are removed by the kidneys and are therefore, these are known as the major excretory Suprarenal (Adrenal) Glands The Suprarenal Glands are a significant pair of endocrine glands which are enclosed in exactly the same fascial sheath as that of kidneys (renal fascia). These are situated on the upper poles of the kidneys. Each suprarenal gland is composed of 2 parts: (a) a comparatively thick outer The ileum is primarily in the right lower quarter and comprises the distal three-filths of the small intestine. Compared to the jejunum, the ileum has thinner walls, few and less prominent mucosal folds (plicae circulares) shorter vasa recta, more mesenteric fat, and more arterial arcades. Structure Where Trusted By The World’s Best
What is React.js? Reactjs is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces. • It is developed and maintained by Facebook. • It is written in JavaScript. • React is the view part of an MVC application (Model View Controller). A React js application is developed using react components. React components are the core concept of all React applications. React.js uses virtual DOM concept. The virtual DOM works very fast because it only changes individual DOM elements instead of reloading complete DOM every time. React.js uses - React Component Lifecycle Methods. Advantages of using React.js: Folllowing are the list of some major advantages of using React.s: 7. Maintainability: it ensures readability and makes maintainability easier.
interesting facts about arctic wolves for kids Arctic wolves are one of the most beautiful looking creatures in the world, also known as the white wolf. These majestic, white-furred wolves are only found in the northern parts of America, Greenland, and Siberia. These wolves are smaller versions of the well-known Grey wolves and share a lot of characteristics with them. Does your little one want to know more than about these majestic animals? In that case, you can read on as we have gathered some information and made a list of 11 amazing facts about Arctic wolves for kids. 11 Most Interesting & Fun Facts about Arctic Wolves for Kids Arctic wolves are true animals of the North. They have adapted in certain ways which help them survive the harsh weather of the North. They have double-layered waterproof fur, smaller ears, legs, and muzzle to reduce heat loss. They are pack animals and love socializing as well. They communicate with each other and work together to hunt and protect their territory. Now, with that introduction out of the way, let us take a look at the various facts about these animals. 1. They have two layers of fur and one of them is waterproof Arctic wolves are animals that are made for the weather in the Arctic. They have adapted in ways that would otherwise make it extremely difficult for them to survive the harsh weather of the Arctic. They have a white coat that is thick to withstand the cold, strong winds. In fact, their coats have two layers of which the inner one is waterproof. Isn’t that just fascinating? 2. They have evolved in a way that makes sure they don’t have a lot of heat loss Like most animals that have adapted to their environment in order to suit their needs, Arctic wolves too, have evolved in certain ways. For example, they are smaller than grey wolves and have shorter legs. They have smaller ears and shorter muzzles. This helps in reducing the amount of heat loss and it keeps the wolves warm. They also have padded feet which help them walk on the frozen grounds. Also, the Arctic wolves are capable of surviving in total darkness which lasts for 5 months. 3. Arctic wolves are pack animals Just like other species of wolves, Arctic wolves are pack animals as well. This means that they travel in a group called a pack. Usually, a pack will have up to 7 to 10 members and sometimes, but rarely, 20 members. There have been instances where pack battles were fought to determine territories. Often smaller and weaker packs merge with bigger packs for a sense of security and to get a supply of food. The pack system of the wolves is very similar to how organizational structure works in human society. They use their urine to mark their territories. 4. Arctic wolves have great senses to help them survive the cold When it comes to surviving freezing temperatures, only an adaptable body that keeps one warm is not enough. One needs other senses to work at their full capacity to survive and locate food. Luckily, Arctic wolves have amazing senses of hearing, smell, and eyesight. This helps them locate their prey easily and also helps them to escape predators. 5. Wolves maintain a high social order We have already seen that wolves live in packs. This means that they need to have some sort of order so that there are no intra-pack fights. This is where the social order comes in. Every pack has an Alpha, the male wolf who leads the pack. The alpha is usually determined by the strength and dominance power of the males who fight for it. There are other positions called beta and omega. Betas are right below the alpha and omegas are the smallest and weakest members of the pack. One has to follow the lead of the alpha in order to live in the pack. 6. All members of the pack take responsibility for food Arctic wolves, we already know are pack animals. As a result, all the members of the pack are responsible for the food of the pack. All of the members are expected to participate in hunting and the kill is always brought to the pack. Keep in mind, when I say all members of the pack that excludes the pups who are unable to take care of themselves. 7. They have unique ways of communicating Like most animals, wolves too need to communicate with each other. Adding on the fact that they live in packs, communication is of utmost importance. Hence, Arctic wolves communicate with each other with various sounds, like growling or squeaking. They also can send various messages by their tails. Yes, the position of the tail of a wolf is a way of communicating with the other wolves. 8. The babies born are helpless at birth and are hidden away Usually, the wolves are very careful when it comes to giving birth to babies. To make sure that there are not too many pups to feed as food can be scarce in the Arctic, only the Alpha and his partner give birth; no other member of the pack does. Usually, the female gives birth to 2 or 3 pups, and rarely, there are cases where 12 pups were born. They are deaf, blind, and helpless at birth and need to be sheltered away in the den to make sure they survive. 9. Once ready to hunt, pups feed to partially digested food Yes, you read the correctly! At the age of 3 months, the pups are ready to join the pack and start learning how to hunt. In order to do that, there is something that they do first. It takes some time for the younger ones to get adept at hunting and till that time, they consume the partially digested food. The members of the pack regurgitate that after a hunt. 10. They are carnivores and great at hunting It is no longer a surprise that wolves are carnivorous animals. This means that they consume meat from other animals. They feed on lemmings, seals, and sometimes their smaller-sized cousins, the Arctic foxes. On average, one wolf can consume 20 pounds of meat in one day. Because they move in a pack, they can often take down preys that are bigger than them in size. All the team members will take turns to keep the scavengers away as a big kill can last them for a few days. 11. They are the only species of wolves that are not threatened This is good news, right here. Usually, due to human interference, any species of wolves have been under threat of some kind. However, that is not the case for the arctic wolves. They are probably the only species of wolves who are not threatened. This is mainly because of their habitat. Humans do not generally venture into the freezing temperature of the Arctic. Although that was not usually the case, as earlier, hunters did hunt down these beautiful creatures. But that does not happen anymore. They have some threats due to climate change, but so far, these animals are considered to be safe. Arctic Wolf vs. Arctic Fox- What are the Major Differences Do you ever think what might be the difference between Arctic wolves and Arctic foxes? Well, they are both from the Canidae family of Canada and share some features. But they are different species and here, we have noted a few differences between them- • The arctic foxes are the smallest of the dog family in the Arctic and they are the size of a domestic cat. On the other hand, Arctic wolves are much larger in size but are smaller than Grey Wolves • Unlike the Arctic foxes, Arctic wolves do not change the color of their furs. • Arctic wolves have often hunted Arctic foxes as they are much smaller in size. This proves that the Arctic wolves are significantly stronger than their cousin foxes. In case you want to know more about the Arctic foxes, you can check out our article on the same here- 11 Amazing Arctic Fox Facts for Kids Arctic Wolf vs. Grey Wolf- Major Differences The Arctic wolves are smaller subspecies of the Grey wolves. They share similar characteristics although there are certain differences between them due to their habitats. Let us take a look at those differences- • Arctic wolves are usually smaller in size than Grey wolves. An adult Arctic wolf can weigh between 75 to 101 pounds. Grey wolves on the other hand can weigh anywhere between 75 to 125 pounds. • Arctic wolves grow up to 3 to 6 feet in length whereas grey wolves grow 4 to 7 feet. • Lastly, grey wolves, as the name suggests have grey fur covering their bodies whereas Arctic wolves have double-layered white fur to protect them against the freezing temperature of the Arctic. If you are interested in knowing some more amazing facts about the gray wolf, you can read our article – 11 Captivating Fun Facts about Grey Wolves for Kids Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) How big are arctic wolves? An adult Arctic wolf can weigh between 75 to 101 pounds and can grow anywhere between 3 to 6 feet. How long do arctic wolves live? Arctic wolves can survive in the wild for 5 to 7 years but in captivity, they can survive between 10 to 15 years. Where do arctic wolves live? Arctic wolves live in packs and reside in dens. They are usually found in the Arctic regions of North America and Greenland. What is the Arctic Wolf’s scientific name? The scientific name of the Arctic wolf is Canis lupus arctos. What do arctic wolves eat? Arctic wolves are carnivorous animals and can eat meat from other animals that they hunt. Usually, they consume meat from lemming, seals, or Arctic foxes. Are arctic wolves carnivores? Yes, Arctic wolves are indeed carnivorous animals and they consume meat. How do arctic wolves hunt? Arctic wolves hunt in packs which gives them the chance to corner their prey even if the prey is larger than them. They also look after the kill by taking turns to drive off scavengers. Where do arctic wolves sleep? Arctic wolves prefer sleeping out in the open while the nursing females and pups sleep in the den. The wolves sleep within their boundary. How do arctic wolves communicate? Arctic wolves communicate by using various sounds and by the position of their tails. What are arctic wolves’ predators? Arctic wolves, owing to their size, nature, and being a part of a pack, barely have any natural predators except polar bears. These big bears are the only known natural predators of Arctic wolves. Do polar bears eat arctic wolves? Yes, polar bears are the only known natural predators of Arctic wolves. Can an arctic wolf swim? Yes, not only are the Arctic wolves comfortable with water, but they are excellent swimmers as well. Are arctic wolves endangered? No, arctic wolves are not endangered. That is it, folks! You have come to the end of the article, ’11 Amazing Arctic Wolf Facts for Kids.’ Hopefully, you and your little one had a great time reading about the Arctic wolves. These are majestic creatures who understand the importance of teamwork and social order. Have a great day ahead! Support Us by Sharing This Article: Similar Posts Leave a Reply
Readers ask: How Do Dams Supply Water? Do dams supply drinking water? Reservoirs provide flood control, irrigation, drinking water and recreation for millions of people worldwide. And when positioned behind hydroelectric dams, reservoirs are also major sources of low-carbon electricity — slashing our reliance on greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuels. How do dams not run out of water? Hydropower is called a renewable energy source because it is replenished by snow and rainfall. As long as the rain falls, we won’t run out of this energy source. Hydropower has been used for centuries. The Greeks used water wheels to grind wheat into flour more than 2000 years ago. How do dams contribute to the supply of fresh water in their regions? Dams produce hydroelectric power and the reservoirs behind dams store water supplies for the long haul. Infrastructure, such as levees and canals, channel water to our homes and fields, and keep rivers running the course we want them to. What is the most famous dam in the world? You might be interested: Often asked: How Is A Water Heater Connected To Water Supply Lines? Do dams cause water shortage? Hydropower dams cause unnatural river drought and flood-like conditions because they often divert water around entire sections of rivers, making them dry or worse (Richter et al., 2003). What positive effects will the dam have? Benefits of Dams. Dams provide a range of economic, environmental, and social benefits, including recreation, flood control, water supply, hydroelectric power, waste management, river navigation, and wildlife habitat. Are dams good or bad? Dams can create a reservoir to hold water, protect areas from floods, or generate clean electricity. But wait, there’s more: A dam also physically blocks migrating fish and changes the overall biology of the life in the river by changing the natural water flow. Do dams affect rivers? Dams change the way rivers function. They can trap sediment, burying rock riverbeds where fish spawn. Gravel, logs, and other important food and habitat features can also become trapped behind dams. This negatively affects the creation and maintenance of more complex habitat (e.g., riffles, pools) downstream. Do man made dams filter water? New research reveals that beaver dams are helping to clean pollution from streams and rivers. Dams slow the passage of water through a river and can act as a natural filter. Ponds—which grow from water backed up by the dam—can suspend sediment and pollutants, like nitrogen and phosphorous. Do beavers really build dams? What do beavers use to build their dams? Beavers build their dams out of trees and branches that they cut using their strong incisor (front) teeth! They also use grass, rocks, and mud. You might be interested: Often asked: Which Side Is Hot Water Supply? Where do dams get their water? Diverting the river A dam is usually constructed across a river to create a reservoir in the valley behind by storing the water that flows into it naturally. Sometimes, they are built across dry valleys, or valleys with small streams, to create a storage area for water that is transported from elsewhere. Which is the most beautiful dam in the world? In this article, we’ll show you 10 water dams around the world that really deserve attention. • Mooserboden Dam, Austria. • Vidraru Dam, Romania. • Contra Dam (Verzasca), Switzerland. • Ataturk Dam, Turkey. • Roselend Dam, France. • Hoover Dam, Nevada, USA. • Gordon Dam, Tasmania, Australia. What’s the deepest dam in the world? Parker Dam is a concrete arch structure commonly called the ‘deepest dam in the world’. Leave a Reply
Most houses use either boilers or furnaces to stay heated. Whereas furnaces simply heat and distribute the heated air using a house duct, a boiler heats water and distributes it as either steam or hot water. This steam is further distributed through various pipes to different steam radiators. The hot water is distributed through radiant floor systems or baseboard radiators. However, regardless of whether you use a furnace or a boiler to keep your house temperature maintained, both devices need regular maintenance and repairs from the professionals of a heating and air condition service in Fort Worth, TX. In order to ensure regular and proper maintenance of the boilers, you must have adequate knowledge of all of its components and various functionality aspects. You must understand the impact of every component and its functionality to better assess the efficiency of your boiler. Therefore, to assist you in this regard, we will be discussing the most frequently asked questions about boilers in this article. Frequently Asked Questions Following are some of the most frequently asked questions about boilers. These questions will help you understand more about boilers and what the best practices to ensure their proper maintenance are. What is the difference between a water heater and a boiler? When you install a water heater, you get clean hot water that can be used in showers as well as for other domestic purposes. On the other hand, a boiler provides heat, like hot water or steam, to keep a space warm. Moreover, water heaters run at a much lower temperature than boilers. How would I know if a boiler is installed in a house? According to professionals of heating and air condition service in Fort Worth, TX, people usually fail to recognize a house with an installed boiler – they usually mistake boilers as water heaters. Since a boiler provides and distributes heat using water or steam, a house that consists of radiators or pipes is the one installed with a boiler. However, if you observe vents or ducts, then chances are that the house comprise the hydronic heating system. What makes a difference in heating a house — a natural gas furnace or a boiler? Well, the major difference lies in the level of temperature or heat produced. When you use a furnace to heat a space, the equipment distributes heat throughout the house by using either the house’s duct system or blower motor. Whereas when you use a boiler to heat your house, the heat is distributed through hot water pipes (small) and a pump. Can I use a boiler to heat the water as well as the house? Well, considering the advanced technology and latest methodology being used to design modern boilers, professionals of heating and air condition service in Fort Worth, TX suggest that you can use a boiler for both these purposes. With the latest and high-efficiency boilers, you can now fulfill both these demands. This will also eliminate the need for a water heater and will help you save gas bills. How can I get a boiler which is good for the house and right for my budget? Well, the best way to get the right boiler for your house is through getting recommendations from the experts of the heating and air condition service in Fort Worth, TX. These experts can help you choose the right boiler for your house. They will present you with various trustworthy and reliable options. This is the best way to get the boiler which fits your budget requirements and provides optimum efficiency, reliability, and comfort in your home. When should I get my boiler serviced? Just like other HVAC systems, your boiler also needs regular maintenance and servicing to ensure its efficiency. To continue getting optimum efficiency, you must undergo annual servicing of your boiler by hiring the professionals of a heating and air conditioning repair in Fort Worth, TX. This will also ensure your personal safety and reliability in the long-run. Does a high-efficiency boiler save money in terms of energy bills? Yes, when you have a highly efficient boiler installed in your house, it converts the natural gas into heat energy more efficiently than otherwise. Also, it distributes the heat throughout the house without losing it along the way. You must ensure that your boiler is providing at least 95% efficiency. This means that your boiler is not wasting any fuel. However, if your boiler is struggling to produce the heat, then it means it is not working efficiently. Can a boiler be used to cool down the house? We can utilize the radiators to cool down a house, but a boiler cannot provide or distribute cold water that would be necessary to function. However, if you use a water chiller with your radiator system, you might come across some issues like corrosion, humidity, and radiator and condensation longevity. Eventually, all of this will also make this idea a lot more trouble than any good. Hence, to cool your house, your best bet is to go with other specifically designed cooling systems such as ductless splits. However, before you choose an appliance, make sure you get the professional assistance of an expert of heating and air condition service in Fort Worth, TX. When should I replace my house’s boiler? Well, to decide if your boiler needs to be replaced or not, you need to consider various factors or tell-tale signs. For instance, if your energy bills are increasing, your boiler is taking more time to maintain the regular temperature, making strange noises, or has been working for more than 15 years, you must get it replaced. However, if you need to inspect, repair or replace your house’s boiler system, then your best bet is to hire the professionals of One Hour Air Conditioning and Heating Service. Their team of experts is well-versed to handle complex boiler issues. Moreover, you can also contact their 24/7 emergency number in case of any unforeseen situation or concern.
What are the use methods and common sense of labor protection products Do you know what labor insurance supplies are available? Labor protection supplies can be divided into five categories: head protection supplies, respiratory protection supplies, eye and face protection supplies, hearing protection supplies, and hand protection supplies. Do you know how to use protective equipment and common sense? The following is a detailed explanation of the knowledge of labor insurance products for you. [Labor protection products] What are the methods and common sense of labor protection products? 1. Head protection products and their common sense Head protection products are used to protect the head from foreign objects. Personal protective equipment equipped with other factors harmful. According to the requirements of protective functions, there are currently nine types of products including general protective caps, dust caps, waterproof caps, cold caps, safety caps, anti-static caps, high temperature caps, electromagnetic radiation caps, and insect caps. In work-related injuries and traffic fatal accidents, head injuries accounted for the highest proportion of deaths, accounting for about 35.5% of the total deaths, of which the deaths caused by falling objects were the first, followed by traffic accidents. The use of safety helmets can avoid or reduce the above-mentioned injuries. (1) Types of safety helmets The helmet that protects the human head from external force is a safety helmet, which consists of a cap shell, a cap lining, a chin strap, and a rear hoop. Safety helmets are divided into six categories: general-purpose, passenger vehicle, special helmets, military helmets, military protective caps and athlete protective caps. Among them, general-purpose and special-type helmets belong to labor protection products. 1. Universal helmet Picture of helmet This type of hat has two types: top-proof, top-proof and side impact-proof. It has puncture resistance and is used in construction and transportation industries. General-purpose helmets used in places with fire sources are flame-resistant. 2. Special type safety helmet (1) Electrical safety helmet. The insulation performance of the cap shell is very good, and it is used more in electrical installation, high voltage operation and other industries. (2) Anti-static safety helmet. Antistatic agent is added to the cap shell and cap lining material, which is used in places with flammable gas or steam and other explosive materials. It refers to Zone 0 and Zone 1 stipulated in the Electrical Safety Regulations for Explosive Hazardous Locations. The combustion energy is above 0.2mJ. (3) Cold-proof helmet. Good low-temperature properties, use cotton, fur and other warm materials as fabrics, and use it in an environment where the temperature is not lower than -20¡ãC. (4) High temperature and radiant heat resistant safety helmet. It has good thermal and chemical stability and is used in places with radiant heat sources such as fire fighting and smelting. (5) Anti-side pressure safety helmet. High mechanical strength, bending resistance, used in forestry, underground engineering, underground coal mining and other industries. (6) Safety helmet with attachments. In order to meet a certain use requirement, a helmet with accessories. (2) The use of helmets According to statistics from relevant departments, 15% of the people injured by falling objects are caused by improper use of helmets. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that wearing a helmet can protect the head from impact damage. In actual work, the following points should also be understood and achieved: (1) Anyone who enters the production site or engages in production and labor in or outside the factory must wear a safety helmet (except for special regulations of the country or industry; special Work or labor, after taking measures to ensure that the head is not injured and approved by the safety supervision department). (2) When wearing a helmet, the helmet strap must be fastened to ensure that it does not fall off under various conditions; the brim of the helmet must be in the same direction as the eye, and must not be worn crookedly or diagonally. (3) It is forbidden to disassemble the parts on the cap and adjust the size of the cap lining to keep the vertical and horizontal distances in line with the relevant specified values ??to prevent personal injury caused by topping after impact. (4) It is strictly forbidden to put any objects on the cap lining. It is strictly forbidden to change any mechanism of the helmet at will. It is strictly forbidden to use safety helmets as utensils. It is strictly forbidden to use a safety helmet as a cushion. (5) Safety helmets must have instructions and specify the place of use for reasonable use by operators. (6) Always keep the cap liner clean, and wash it with soap and water when it is not clean. After use, it can not be placed in acid, alkali, high temperature, sunlight, humidity and chemical solvents. (7) Safety helmets that have received a large impact during use cannot continue to be used. (8) If the cap shell and cap lining are aged or damaged, which reduces the impact resistance and penetration resistance, they must not continue to be used and replaced with new caps. (9) Anti-static safety helmets cannot be used as safety helmets for electrical industry, so as not to cause problems. , (10) The plant cap is valid for one and a half years from the time of purchase. Plastic caps should not exceed two years, laminated caps and fiberglass caps for two and a half years, rubber caps and cold-proof caps for three years, and car safety helmets for three and a half years. The above-mentioned various types of safety helmets are prone to aging and lose the protective performance of the safety helmets beyond their general service life. The correct way to wear a safety helmet>> 2. Respiratory protective equipment and common sense of its use Respiratory protective equipment is to prevent harmful gases, vapors, dust, smoke, and mist from being inhaled from the respiratory tract and directly supplied to the user Oxygen or clean air, protective equipment to ensure normal breathing of workers in dust, toxic pollution or oxygen-deficient environment. Respiratory protection products mainly include dust respirators and respirators (face masks). (1) Use of dust masks and face masks Pictures of dust masks and masks (1) In addition to dust in the workplace, there are toxic fog, smoke, gas or insufficient oxygen in the air At 18%, isolation dust-proof appliances should be used, and filter-type dust-proof appliances are prohibited. (2) Water spraying, wet working place. The selected dust-proof appliances should be equipped with waterproof devices. (3) For work with high labor intensity, dustproof appliances with low suction resistance should be selected. When possible, try to use air-supply masks or face masks. (4) Before use, check whether the parts are complete. If damaged, they must be sorted or replaced in time. In addition, pay attention to check the air tightness of each connection, especially the air supply mask or mask, to see if the joints and pipelines are unblocked. (5) Wear it correctly, adjust the straps and headband appropriately, and there should be no severe pressure on the face. (6) The filter material of the duplex mask and the air supply mask helmet should be replaced regularly to avoid increasing resistance. The power supply of the electric ventilation mask should be sufficient and charge on time. (7) When the main body (oronasal mask) of various masks is dirty, it can be washed with soap and water. After washing, it should be dried in a ventilated place. Avoid exposure to the sun, fire, and avoid contact with oils, organic solvents, etc. (8) Dust-proof equipment should be dedicated for special use. After use and in the plastic bag, avoid squeezing and damage. (9) For long-tube masks, the airway tube should be checked for leaks before use, and can only be used when it is confirmed that there are no leaks. The inlet end of the air duct must be placed in a place with fresh air, non-toxic and dust-free. The length of the air duct used should be within 10m to prevent increased ventilation resistance. When moving the work site, pay special attention not to yank or drag the air pipe, and to prevent pressure, poking, and disassembly. (2) The use of gas masks and masks Gas masks and masks can be divided into filter type and isolation type. Filter-type anti-virus appliances are used to filter out the toxic gas in the air through the canister and the filtering agent in the box, and then allow people to breathe. Therefore, it cannot be used when the oxygen content of the air in the working environment is less than 18%. Generally, the filtering agent can only play a protective role after determining the type, concentration, temperature and a certain working time of the poison. Therefore, filter-type gas masks and masks cannot be used for operations with serious dangers, complex and changeable site conditions, and two or more poisons; isolated anti-virus appliances rely on air ducts to send air in a non-polluting environment into the closed anti-virus appliances for supply. Operator breathing. It is used in a polluted environment with hypoxia, unknown toxic gas composition or high concentration. (1) When using a gas mask, it is strictly forbidden to unscrew the lid of the gas filter box casually to avoid violent vibration of the gas filter box to avoid loosening of the medicine; at the same time, prevent water and other liquids from splashing on the gas filter box, or reduce the anti-virus efficacy. (2) In the process of using the anti-virus mask, for the smelly gas, when a slight smell is smelled, it indicates the effectiveness of the filter agent in the filter box. For odorless poisonous gas, it depends on the discoloration of the indicator paper or the medicine installed in the poison box. Once the anti-virus agent is found to be ineffective, you should leave the toxic place immediately, stop using the anti-virus mask, and replace the agent before using it. (3) When wearing a gas mask, the straps should be adjusted tightly according to the size of the head, and the two straps should be naturally separated and set behind the top of the head. Too loose and too tight can easily cause air leakage or feel uncomfortable. (4) The gas mask should be worn correctly during use. For example, the hood must be of a suitable size, and the edge of the mask body must be close to the head. In addition, it is necessary to keep the air in the mask smooth and unobstructed to prevent the air duct from being twisted and compressed and affecting ventilation. (5) When there is a sudden accident at the job site and poisonous gas appears and the operator cannot leave for a while, he should immediately hold his breath and quickly take out the mask and put it on; after confirming that the edge of the hood is tightly attached to the head or worn correctly , Breath out the remaining air in the mask before putting it into normal use. (6) In the event that a part of the gas mask is damaged and cannot function normally, and it is too late to replace the mask, the user can take the following emergency treatment methods, and then quickly leave the poisonous place: ¢ÙThe hood or guide When a hole is found in the trachea, pinch it with your hand. If the air duct is damaged, the canister can also be directly connected to the hood for use, but care should be taken to prevent displacement and leakage due to the weight of the hood. ¢ÚWhen the exhalation valve is damaged, you should immediately block the outlet with your hand, and then relax your hand when you exhale and then block it when you inhale. ¢ÛWhen a small hole is found in the canister, it can be blocked with hands, clay or other materials. (7) The gas mask after use should be cleaned, disinfected, and dried before being washed. Do not roast or expose it to the sun to prevent the material from aging. After the canister is used, the top cover and bottom stopper should be covered and blocked respectively to prevent the canister from becoming damp and failing. The invalid canister should be scrapped or replaced with a new canister and regenerated. (8) For gas masks that are not used for a while, sprinkle talcum powder evenly on the rubber parts to prevent adhesion. The spare mask on site should be placed in a special cabinet and maintained regularly and pay attention to moisture-proof. (Èý)The use of oxygen respirator Oxygen respirator is a gas mask that is isolated from outside air and supplies oxygen by itself. Note during use: (1) Check thoroughly before use and confirm that the following requirements are met before use: ¢Ù The oxygen pressure in the oxygen cylinder should be kept above 980N/cm2. ¢ÚThe calcium hydroxide absorbent filled in the cleaning tank should be pink cylindrical particles. If it becomes light yellow, it is invalid and should be replaced in time. ¢ÛPay attention to whether the sealing gaskets are complete, the degree of engagement, whether the valve is in good condition, whether the automatic exhaust valve is working normally, and whether the manual oxygen supply is effective. (2) When using, first open the oxygen cylinder valve, check the value of the pressure gauge, and estimate the use time. Then press the replenishment button several times to clear the original accumulated gas in the airbag. Put on the hood again and check the tightness between the edge of the body and the head. After confirming that the parts are normal, it can be used. (3) During use, if you feel that the air supply is insufficient, you can use deep breathing to fill the automatic replenisher with oxygen. If you still have difficulty breathing, you should use the manual button to replenish oxygen. When the above measures are ineffective, you should immediately exit the poisoned place. (4) During use, always check the indicating value of the pressure gauge. Once the oxygen pressure drops to 245~296N/cm2, leave the toxic place in time. (5) Take care to avoid contact with combustible materials such as oil, and keep a sufficient safe distance from the fire source. (6) Prevent the oxygen breathing apparatus from hitting and falling to avoid damage to the parts. (7) Two persons must work in a team to take care of each other for dangerous operations and entering the scene of an accident for rescue. (8) After using the oxygen respirator, the professional should be notified for inspection in time, and the hood cleaning, disinfection, oxygen cylinder inflation and replacement of the calcium hydroxide in the cleaning tank should be carried out in order to be used at any time. (9) If it is left unused for a long time, the calcium hydroxide in the cleaning tank should be poured out. All rubber parts should be coated with talcum powder to prevent adhesion. The oxygen cylinder should retain a certain residual pressure. 3. Eye and face protective equipment and its common sense of use Personal protective equipment that prevents smoke, dust particles, metal sparks and flying debris, heat, electromagnetic radiation, lasers, chemical splashes and other damage to the eyes or face is called eye and face Protective Equipment. There are many types of eye and face protection products. According to their protective functions, they can be roughly divided into nine categories: dustproof, waterproof, shockproof, high temperature, electromagnetic radiation, radiation, chemical splash, sand and glare. (1) Use of welding glasses and face shields Picture of welding protective glasses According to statistics, electro-optic ophthalmia is more common in welding operations of industrial and mining enterprises. The main reason is that the selected protective glasses are not Suitable. Therefore, the relevant operators should master the following basic methods of using protective glasses: (1) The glasses and masks used must be inspected by the relevant departments. (2) Choose and wear appropriate glasses and masks to prevent falling off and shaking during operation, which will affect the effect of use. (3) The frame of the glasses must match the face to avoid light leakage from the side. If necessary, use glasses with eye protection or side-light protection. (4) Prevent the mask and glasses from being damp and compressed to avoid deformation, damage or light leakage. The welding mask should be insulated to prevent electric shock. (5) When working with face-shield goggles, replace the protective sheet at least once for a total of 8 hours. When the filter of the protective glasses is damaged by splashes, replace it in time. (6) When the protective film and the filter are used in combination, the refractive power of the lens must be the same. (7) For air-supply welding masks with dust and gas masks, they should be maintained and used in strict accordance with relevant regulations. (8) When the lens of the mask is covered by the humid smoke of the working environment and the moisture exhaled by the operator, causing water mist to appear, which affects the operation, the following measures can be taken to solve the problem: ¢ÙWater film diffusion method . Apply fatty acid or silica gel anti-fogging agent on the lens to spread water mist evenly. ¢ÚWater absorption elimination method. Surfactant (PC resin series) is dip-coated on the lens to absorb the attached water mist. ¢ÛVacuum method. For some masks with double-glazed window structure, a vacuum can be taken between the double-glazing. (2) Use of anti-electromagnetic radiation eyewear Electromagnetic radiation is invisible, inaudible, and intangible. However, microwaves of certain frequencies can produce a warm feeling. There is a long incubation period when a certain part of the body is uncomfortable after being exposed to radiation. When discovered, it has often caused undesirable consequences. Therefore, the protection of electromagnetic radiation cannot be taken lightly. (1) First determine the area where the radiation field strength exceeds the maximum allowable microwave radiation at the work site, and put up a warning sign. When workers enter this area, they must wear shielding clothing and anti-microwave glasses. (2) In actual work, shielding clothing and glasses should be selected according to the working frequency of the radiation source and the radiation intensity of the working place. (3) Try to use anti-microwave glasses with eye shields to prevent the diffraction of microwaves from adversely affecting the eyes. (4) Avoid contact with grease, acid, alkali or other dirty substances during use, so as not to affect the shielding effect. (5) In addition to the above, taking measures such as not looking directly at any radiating device (energy-feeding horn, open waveguide, reflector), as far as possible from the radiation source, shielding the field source, etc., can also effectively avoid electromagnetic radiation . Four. Hearing organ protective equipment Personal protective equipment that can prevent excessive sound energy from invading the external auditory canal, so that the human ear can avoid excessive noise stimulation, reduce hearing loss, and prevent the adverse effects of noise on the human body, called hearing Organ protective equipment. Hearing organ protection products mainly include earplugs, earmuffs and noise-proof helmets. Using method of hearing protection equipment: Picture of soundproof earplugs (1) When wearing earplugs, first lift the auricle up to make the external auditory meatus straight, and then hold the plug handle to gently place the plug cap Push into the external ear canal to fit the ear canal. (2) Don’t push too hard or plug too deep, so that it feels moderate. If the sound insulation is not good, you can slowly rotate the earplugs to the best position; if the sound insulation is still not good, you should change to other specifications Earplugs. (3) When using earplugs and anti-noise helmets, check the casing for cracks and air leakage. When wearing it, pay attention to the markings of the shell and wear it along the ear shape, and make sure that the soft gasket of the earmuff fits the surrounding skin. (4) Before using ear protectors, use a sound level meter to quantitatively measure the noise in the workplace, and then calculate the sound level to be attenuated to select ear protectors of various specifications. (5) The use effect of anti-noise ear protectors not only depends on the quality of these products, but also requires the user to develop the habit of patient use and master the correct way to wear them. If only one type of ear protector is not good for sound insulation, you can also wear two ear protectors at the same time, such as earplugs in the earmuffs. V. Hand protection products Labor protection gloves picture It has the function of protecting hands and arms. The gloves worn by the operator during work are called hand protection products, usually people called labor protection gloves . Hand protection products are divided into twelve categories according to their protective functions, namely general protective gloves, waterproof gloves, cold-proof gloves, anti-virus gloves, anti-static gloves, high-temperature gloves, anti-X-ray gloves, anti-acid and alkali gloves, and anti-oil Gloves, anti-vibration gloves, anti-cutting gloves, insulating gloves. Each type of gloves can be divided into many types according to the material. How to use protective gloves: (1) First of all, you should understand the protective effects and use requirements of different types of gloves, so that you can choose them correctly during operation. Do not use gloves for general occasions as some special gloves. For example, cotton gloves and chemical fiber gloves are used as anti-vibration gloves, but the effect is very poor. (2) Before using insulated gloves, check the appearance. If there are holes or cracks on the surface, stop using them. After using the insulated gloves, keep them in accordance with relevant regulations to prevent degradation of insulation performance caused by aging. It should be re-inspected after a period of use, and it can be used only after it is qualified. Pay attention to the product classification color code when using it, like 1kV gloves for red, 7.5kV for white, and 17kV for yellow. (3) When working with vibration tools, it is not safe to wear anti-vibration gloves. It should be noted that a certain period of rest should be arranged during work. As the vibration frequency of the tool itself increases, the rest time can be extended accordingly. For the various vibration tools used, it is best to measure the vibration acceleration in order to select suitable anti-vibration gloves to achieve better protection effects. (4) In some occasions, all gloves should be of appropriate size to prevent the gloves from being too long, being twisted or rolled up by machinery, and causing hand injuries. (5) Vibration-proof gloves can be used when operating high-speed rotating machinery. Oil-proof gloves should be used for certain maintenance equipment and oil filling operations to avoid oil opponents. (6) Different types of gloves have their specific purpose performance. In actual work, they must be properly used and distinguished in accordance with the operating conditions to protect the safety of hands. Leave a Reply
Prolyte Campus Blog: ‘Basket Up’ - on a Truss Structure In the previous blog: 'Basket Down' on a Strucutural Beam', different possibilities were discussed on setting-up a Basket type of hitch on a beam. Which, from an entertainment rigging perspective, means that this Basket faces downward from that structural component. If we have to lift a truss structure using a Basket hitch, the slinging method will face upward, away from the direction of gravity. What about a ‘Basket Down’ with a single shackle? Before discussing that ‘Basket Up’ one more additional remark to the previous blog. Not shown in that particular diagram was a Basket, where just one single shackle is used, as shown in figure 1. Fig. 1: Beam Basket variation with a single shackle. A) Increased Hazard of falling parts; B) Waste of precious Load-in Time. When using just one shackle, it is a little bit cheaper in investment on equipment. However, the actual use of such a set-up, during each application will result for a particular moment in time that all four parts are loose from each other: -sling, -hoist chain, -shackle body and -shackle pin. It is resulting in an increased falling hazard of multiple objects, where Murphy’s Law is still present. A loose object might be ‘coming in’ from heights ranging from 10m to 25m and with technicians, working on the floor underneath, only having a hard hat as protection, while a ‘body armour’ would not be a luxury. Also, this ‘single shackle’ Basket method takes a lot more time than needed in applying and closing of the Basket. Higher risk and waste of time, not the preferred circumstances in our business Baskets Up: applied to a Truss. What about shackles? However, when we are working at the venue floor level, the whole Basket Slinging Game is changing. We work on floor level when slinging the trusses. Open structures, like truss structures, allow for much more routings of a sling than solid beam cross sections, but for now, let’s stick to that Basket method. Any shackle pin falling by accident will ‘travel’ about 1m, in worst case scenario hitting our own feet. Apart from flip-flops, almost any type of shoe will give enough protection. Using no shackle at all is close to madness, but just using one single shackle here is the best option. In fact, it makes it easier in getting the sling centred exactly over the Centre of Gravity (CoG) of that particular truss. Only when the pick-up point is over that CoG, the truss loading tables will be valid, provided that the load is balanced as well. ‘Good Baskets vs Bad Baskets’ To be able to tell if the combination of Truss and Basket is a proper and a safe one, there could be about a dozen of things that must be taken into account. The following list is showing the most important ones: 1. Support points (slinging points) must right In or Against the Node points. It must be avoided that supports are on the chord centres between the Nodes. 2. The shackle shall close the Basket, establishing the connection of both sling ends to the lifting machine. 3. The included angle α between sling parts shall not exceed 90°. Meaning that β, the external angle with the vertical is not exceeding 45°. This prevents excessive forces in the sling and the truss cross-section. Included angles of 120° cause each part of the sling to be loaded at the same amount of force as the load itself causes. 4. The sling routes shall be avoiding an increase of forces caused by internal angles inside the truss cross-section. Fig. 2: Avoid Baskets variations with internal crossing of the sling routes. 5. The load on the truss shall be balanced, meaning each side of the cross section carries half of the total load. 6. Additional wraps on the chords mainly help to stabilise the truss but do not contribute to an increase of the truss capacity. 7. Avoid letting the sling rest against the diagonals, putting a side load on them.
Rabbi Wein.com The Voice of Jewish History Rabbi Wein’s Weekly Blog Printer Friendly There is always an element of musical performance associated with Jewish prayer. In Temple times, Levites presented a musical performance every day in the Temple in Jerusalem, as part of the temple service itself. This presentation included musical instruments as well as a male choir. Josephus describes how many non-Jews from all parts of the Roman Empire visited the second Temple to gaze at the architectural wonder and ornate splendor of the building that Herod built. The Talmud records for us that one who did not see the building of the second Temple that Herod built never saw a beautiful building in his lifetime. The second Temple was beyond comparison, even in an age of the Parthenon and the Roman Forum. All this opulence and grandeur was, unfortunately, only fleeting, and temporary in historical terms. The second Temple was destroyed, Levites no longer performed daily concerts, and the Jewish people were exiled from their homeland in the land of Israel, forced by circumstances and the divine will, to wander over the face of many continents. The service of the Temple in Jerusalem was canceled by the exile of the Jewish people and the destruction of the Temple building itself. However, in its place the prayer services of Judaism, with which we are all familiar even today, was substituted. The Lord himself allowed for the service of our lips in prayer to be a replacement for the lack of the sacrificial services that were the centerpiece of Temple service in Jerusalem. The prayer services have now become the central role in Jewish communal life. They are not to be mere ritual and rote, but rather emotional, heartfelt expressions of praise to the God of Israel and the Creator of the universe. As such, the prayer services were never conducted without some sort of melodic intonation and musical rhythm. Musical instruments themselves, reserved for the Temple in Jerusalem, now morphed into cantorial renditions and male choir selections. Depending upon the location of Jews in the worldwide diaspora, different musical revisions of the prayers entered Jewish cultural and historical life. The Jews who lived within Moslem dominated countries adopted the melodic innovations of that dominant culture, so Arabic music and Sephardic music seem to be one and the same. It was the same thing for Jews who lived in Greece and Turkey, as well as Jews who lived in the Iberian Peninsula. Ashkenazic Jews adopted the rhythms of melodies similar to the music of Germany, and these became the standard prayer melodies of Polish, Lithuanian and Russian Jewry. In the 19th century, great cantors began to appear in both the Ashkenazic and Sephardic communities. They developed operatic voices and many different variations on traditional melodies used for prayer. They also adopted non-Jewish melodies from the outside environment of their societies and introduced these melodies into Jewish prayer service as well. Thus, in today's melodic liturgy of the synagogue, it is difficult to find true Jewish music, in the sense of it being completely and authentically Jewish. The Halachic prohibitions against the use of musical instruments during prayer services remains binding and in force even today. One of the major breaches of Reform in the 19th century was the introduction of musical instruments, especially the organ, used in church services, incorporated into their prayer services. In today's world, Reform Judaism substitutes guitars, saxophones, clarinets, drums, and violins instead of the original organ music. All these attempts to make prayer more relevant, so to speak, have pretty much fallen on deaf ears. People who wish to hear musical concerts go to theaters and concerts, not to synagogues and houses of prayer. Reform services have become so modern that they are already considered to be obsolete and out of date. There has been a revival of cantorial music and performers over the past decades in the Orthodox Jewish world, with cantorial concerts and performances as well. However, all agree that it is only during the prayer services itself, when there is true intent to attempt to reach spiritual heights, that these melodies and brilliant voices take on proper dimension. In the Chasidic world, music and melody has always played an important role, not only in prayer but also in general communal life. This trend continues today with many civic groups and individuals serving as musical performers at concerts and private events. This reflects the process of acculturation that accompanies Jewish life throughout all the ages. Music enlightens the soul and is a crucial element of fervor and concentration during prayer services. Shabbat shalom Berel Wein
What’s Cyclical Unemployment? This injects money into the non-public market, which tends to increase the supply of credit score to both shoppers and business. Although, as we noticed in 2008, banks used quantitative easing to spice up their reserves rather than lend it out. So serious was the monetary strain, banks couldn’t afford to lose liquid capital by lending it out. Unemployment rose because the economic system tanked, displaying a clear example of cyclical unemployment. The recession was quite gentle, with unemployment rising within the subsequent years. cyclical unemployment However, as an financial system recovers from a recession, companies experience a rise in demand for their goods and services, leading to more workers being employed and a lower in cyclical unemployment. Cyclical unemployment is the results of a contraction in financial development, which causes businesses to lay off employees and leads to an increase within the jobless rate. Structural unemployment wants lengthy-term options that may reverse tendencies which have existed for many years. Results Of Cyclical Unemployment Unemployment, also referred to as joblessness, occurs when individuals are with out work and are actively looking for employment. During intervals of recession, an economic system usually experiences high unemployment charges. There are many proposed causes, penalties, and options for unemployment. From an initial equilibrium at W0and Q0, suppose the demand for labor shifts to the left, from D0 to D1, as it would are likely to do in a recession. Because wages are sticky downward, they don’t modify towards what would have been the brand new equilibrium wage , at least not within the brief run. The gap between the unique equilibrium amount and the new amount demanded of labor represents staff who can be prepared to work on the going wage however can not find jobs. In November 2009, the unemployment fee in the EU27 for these aged 15–24 was 18.3%. Unemployment has risen in two thirds of European international locations since 2010. However, the device of denying jobs to prepared employees appears a blunt instrument for conserving resources and the environment. It reduces the consumption of the unemployed across the board and solely in the brief time period. As in the Marxian principle of unemployment, particular pursuits can also benefit. Some employers may expect that workers with no fear of dropping their jobs is not going to work as hard or will demand increased wages and profit.
How did the Americans contribute to the Canadian identity Cultural characteristics in Canada Endless expanses, vast forests, crystal clear lakes and icy cold winters. Bears, beavers, bison and elk. Maple syrup, poutine and fast food. Parliamentary monarchy, mounties and multiculturalism. Like every country in the world, Canada is associated with certain ideas and clichés. Anyone planning to spend some time in Canada while studying abroad should also prepare for it culturally. Anyone who has dealt with the cultural differences between home and host country before starting their studies can avoid a possible culture shock. For a long time Canada, especially in cultural terms, was only perceived as the little brother of the USA. There are Nothing worse for Canadians than being constantly compared to their southern neighbors. For historical reasons alone, there are at least as many, if not more, cultural similarities with Europe. In addition, one should not forget that Canada is an independent state with its very own eventful history and its very own culture is. Canadians are proud of their country and their culture, especially their health and education systems. Diversity, tolerance and social responsibility are very important. Determining and describing the culture of a nation is generally not easy, but capturing the culture of Canada is particularly difficult. It's not just because Canada is a classic immigration country and is also a fairly young nation. In Canada it is Multiculturalism political and social reality and diversity is encouraged. Such a “mosaic” of many different cultures naturally makes it particularly difficult to identify a “typically Canadian” culture. A look at the origins of Canadian culture certainly helps to fathom the cultural characteristics of Canada. Origins of Canadian Culture © Annemarie D. An eventful history of immigration and the influence of the indigenous people are among the cultural features in Canada. The reason why Canadian culture and society do so differentiated and extremely diverse is, lies in the origins and the political and social developments of the country. Fundamental cultural influences are France, Great Britain, the culture of the First Nations and Inuit, the cultural elements of immigrants of various ethnic origins, and pop culture from the United States. Ultimately, the British emerged victorious from the colonial wars between France and Great Britain in Canada. So Canada is still part of the Commonwealth to this day and Queen Elizabeth is the official head of state. The province of Québec emerged from the former New France. In order to avoid further conflict, the British Parliament granted the French Canadians French civil law, the freedom to practice their religion and French as the official language. Nonetheless, the decades that followed were also one Cultural battle between Francophone and Anglophone Canadians embossed. To this day, this has caused tensions in the country. Contrary to expectations, Francophone Canadians did not become part of the mainstream Anglophone majority over the years. Instead, they pushed for more independence, especially in the areas of education and culture. The desire of some separatists in Québec to split off completely from the rest of the country culminated in the "Quiet Revolution" in the 1960s, Canada has been an officially bilingual country since 1969. Live in Canada now over 200 ethnic groups and it will be over 100 different languages spoken. In general, the Canadian population is made up of four main groups in order of immigration to the country: • The indigenous people: First Nations, Inuit and Métis (the descendants of French and Scottish fur traders who formed relationships with First Nation women). They make up around 3.8% of the total population. Nunavut is the first Canadian territory with a predominantly indigenous population. • The Anglo and French Canadians, the descendants of the pioneers, conquerors and settlers of the founding nations of France and England. • Those who later immigrated European minorities from countries such as Germany, Italy, Ireland, the Netherlands, Hungary, the Ukraine or Poland. • The so-called "visible minorities“(Visible minority) who have only come to Canada since the 1970s. The Canadian government defines “visible minority” as people who are neither indigenous nor “Caucasian” (ie of European origin) and who are not fair-skinned. The term is primarily used as a demographic category by Statistics Canada. So Canada is a Amalgam from many cultures - started with the indigenous people. The country's laws and political structure are based on values "imported" by settlers from Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, the United States and Scandinavia. A new perspective comes from immigrants from India, the Philippines and China. The Aboriginal culture has left a lasting impact on national culture. Countless indigenous words, inventions, concepts and games have found their way into the language and culture of Canada. Many places are names of indigenous origin. The name "Canada" itself comes from the Laurentian (Iroquois language family) and means village or settlement. The name of the capital of Canada, Ottawa, comes from the Algonquin language and means "to trade". Even if the First Nations had a formative influence on today's Canadian culture, it must not be forgotten that the indigenous people of Canada were also oppressed for a long time. Even today they are still dissatisfied with their situation and position within Canada. Looking for a cultural / national identity © Muskoka Stock Photos / In the meantime, all elements reminiscent of Great Britain have been removed from the Canadian national flag. Even if Canadians are very proud of their country, they have less to do with a strong patriotism, as we know it from Americans. The question arises again and again in the Canadian media whether Canada even has a cultural or a national identity and it is always hotly debated. Why Canadians find it difficult to identify a uniform national culture for themselves is certainly also due to the fact that Canada, unlike the US, does not have a strong founding myth. From the beginning, two European cultures also competed with each other: the British and the French. In addition, there are the different cultures of the First Nations, the Inuit and the Métis. Canada was not formed around one ethnic group, so it is difficult to make out a general cultural identity. What unites Canada, according to a survey: The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the universal health system, hockey and multiculturalism. The Nordic landscape is also a significant link between Canadians. It makes the country appear more uniform than comparatively the United States. Many ethnic groups, except those of the indigenous people, often refer to themselves as "Hyphenated Canadians" (Anglo-Canadian, Franco-Canadians etc.). For many, being Canadian means having more than one identity. The Canadian national holiday (Canada Day) is a national holiday, but in terms of identification potential can hardly be compared with the 4th of July, Independence Day, which is celebrated in the USA. Canada Day is a reminder of the formation of Canada on July 1st, 1867, but as a state of the Commonwealth. However, Canadians also put cultural identity through Differentiation from the neighboring country USA here. For Canadians, there is nothing worse than being lumped together with Americans. The strong need for demarcation is already evident from the fact that Kandiers always refer to Americans as "Americans" or "Yanks", but always refer to themselves as "Canadians" and never as "Americans". Frequent criticisms of the USA are the existence of the death penalty in individual states, the extreme social injustice, the aggressive foreign policy and the non-existent health system. By the way, there are now various programs and institutions of the federal governmentin order to support and protect cultural particularities in Canada and thus to work out an independent Canadian culture. Traditions, holidays and symbols For one thing, there is national holidays, on the other hand, many regional holidaysthat are only committed by individual provinces / territories. In addition, all ethnic minorities have the right to celebrate their own religious holidays and to freely live out their customs and traditions. The Chinese New Year celebrated in Vancouver, for example, has long since become famous. National holidays are • New Year’s Day (January 1st) • Good Friday • Canada Day (national holiday on July 1st) • Labor Day (first Monday in September) • Thanksgiving (second Monday in October) • Christmas Day (December 25th) Canada is associated with various symbols. The best-known symbol, especially since it is also featured on the Canadian national flag, is the maple leaf. Other symbols are the beaver, the Canadian horse, the moose and the uniform of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (Mountie). Also the totem poles of the First Nations as well as the stone formations of the Inuit, the Inuksuit. Incidentally, an Inuksuk was also the logo for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. The The national sport of Canadians is of course ice hockey, also simply called hockey. Official summer sport is lacrossewhich, by the way, has an indigenous origin. The Cuisine in Canada varies greatly from region to region and is of course strongly influenced by the many immigrant nations. However, many Canadians now agree: the Quebec dish poutine (french fries with cheese and gravy) and the cake dessert butter tart are the Canadian national dishes. Not to forget of course the maple syrup! The inhabitants of the Atlantic provinces, on the other hand, have nothing better than their lobster. Features of Canadian culture © Florian B. Courtesy and friendliness are very important. Canada is not an elbow society. Each culture has certain characteristics that set it apart from other cultures. Working out the characteristics of a culture helps to understand them better. Of course, this approach is generalizing and not every characteristic generally applies to all Canadians. Above all, it helps to deal with the cultural peculiarities in Canada and with the characteristics of Canadian culture for initial orientation. Life in Canada has some cultural pitfalls in store for German students that can certainly be avoided with appropriate preparation. Local patriots Canada is considered the most decentralized country in the world. Given this fact, it is not surprising that Canadians identify more strongly with the region in which they live than with the country itself. There are by no means slight differences between the individual regions Differences in mentality. The people in the Atlantic provinces (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland) are seen as more reserved than their fellow nationals and also as a bit old-fashioned. The residents of Western Canada (Alberta, Manitoba and Sasketchewan) are particularly open, friendly and relaxed. While Ontario is considered to be quite conservative, the people of British Columbia are more unconventional. The main difference is between Anglophone Canadians and the minority Francophone Canadians. Here one can speak of cultural differences and less of deviations in terms of mentality. Incidentally, the Quebecois are considered to be extremely regionalist. The Regionally anchored culture appears to many to be identity-forming. Cape Breton Island, for example, is shaped by Scottish Gaelic traditions, while Calgary, for example, is Canada's “cowboy capital”. The original cultures are also reflected on the regional holidays: St. Patrick’s Day is celebrated in Newfoundland and Labrador, the Journée nationale des patriotes in Québec and National Aboriginal Day is an official holiday in the Northwest Territories. The Canadian "Mosaic": Officially Multicultural! Canada recognized early on that the country's economic success and independence from the United States would depend on one open immigration policy are dependent. As many well-educated people as possible should feel encouraged to start a new life in Canada in order to further advance progress. After several waves of immigration since the country was founded, Canada is now one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world. At least since the 1970s, when non-European cultures increasingly poured into the country, the question arose of how to deal with this great diversity in order to avoid conflicts. Canada has taken its own path here: Canada has been officially multicultural since 1971 and multiculturalism has been enshrined in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms since 1982. This means: • Ethnic and cultural diversity is seen as positive and enriching. • Cultural difference is a right: All people have the right to maintain and cultivate their cultural characteristics. • Tolerance and Equality: All cultures are equal. June 27th is the Canadian Multiculturalism Day. While the US is seen as a melting pot of cultures, Canada sees itself as one cultural "mosaic". Instead of the different cultures merging into a single new culture, the peaceful coexistence of the most diverse cultures is celebrated here. "Integration" instead of "assimilation" is the Canadian creed. US immigrants are under pressure to become "American" as quickly as possible and to adapt their original cultural identity as much as possible. Immigration policy in Canada is very different: Immigrants should integrate, but they have the right to preserve and cultivate their own cultural identity. Successfully integrated and naturalized immigrants are then officially Canadians, but often make themselves "Hyphenated Canadians". For Canadians, the most natural thing in the world is to have multiple identities. The "hyphenated Canadian" is primarily Canadian, but then there is also identification with ethnic origin. Many Canadians can trace their own roots far back and are as proud of them as they are of being Canadians. Individualists with a sense of community Canadians are considered pronounced individualists. An individualistic society is characterized by the fact that the individual is more important than the group. Most of all, Canadians care for themselves and their core family. All other relationships are loosely linked and everyone is responsible for themselves. Likewise is the Individual performance is more important than where he comes from. German culture is also considered individualistic, although individualism is not as pronounced as in Canada. Nonetheless, Canadians are at the same time very community-oriented and also believe that everyone has an individual responsibility to the community. Quality of life is very important, as is empathy. Voluntary commitment plays an important role in the social life of Canadians and neighborly help is also a matter of course. While Canadians strive to achieve high levels of performance in all areas, this applies to them Work-life balance a lot. People simply shouldn't be neglected and so, unlike in the USA, performance, success and profit play a rather secondary role. Polite but mostly direct: Canadians' communication behavior Just like Germany, Canada is a so-called in terms of communication style Low context-Culture. Canadians prefer one clear and precise way of communicationin which you mean what you say. So there is no "hidden" information between the lines that can only be made clear through allusions, gestures or facial expressions. This of course facilitates communication between Germans and Canadians. But be careful: When it comes to criticism or negatives, Canadians are much less direct than in Germany. Understatement and instinct are important elements in the communication style of Canadians. Criticism that is too open can quickly come across as aggressive or even hurtful. Discussing loudly is preferred to avoid in order to maintain harmony.Especially when it comes to small talk, you shouldn't get too deep. Canadians appreciate harmonious conversation and Small talk plays an extremely important role in everyday interaction. While Germans tend to get straight to the “heart of the matter” and are extremely factual, Canadians are first of all about finding a nice and personal atmosphere to accomplish. In general, they are therefore more open to personal issues than Germans, although Canadians actually only have a different perspective on what “personal” issues are. This openness and speaking about things that you as a German tend not to talk about when you first get to know each other should not be overestimated or even viewed as an invitation to friendship. This has nothing to do with superficiality, but rather with the need of the candies to create a personal and harmonious atmosphere through small talk. The E-mail traffic is in stark contrast to personal contact. This is where Canadians waste no time and they get straight to the point. Often even the salutation is missing, which is perceived as impolite in Germany. Questions or phrases are also perceived as annoying and are left out. The most popular small talk topic is the weather. Sure, the weather conditions in Canada are ultimately extreme and therefore offer good topics to talk about and some Weather Forecaster even enjoy celebrity status. More good topics are work and profession, travel and other countries, ice hockey as well as the Canadian nature and internationally known Canadian writers, actors or singers. This is what Kandiers are particularly proud of. Less good small talk topics: Politics (especially related to the tension between Anglo and French Canadians or regarding the indigenous people), religion and sex. These areas are extremely personal to Canadians and are among the topics that are only spoken about with closest friends, if at all. Illnesses and body weight are also not good small talk topics in Canada. On Political Correctness is very important in Canada and people react accordingly sensitively to discussions about social class or discrimination. Risky, short-term oriented and cheerful It is common knowledge: Germans like to protect themselves by setting up many regulations and standards and setting up a huge bureaucratic apparatus for this purpose. An expert is always required for important decisions and everything is planned down to the smallest detail. Compared to Germany, Canada is considered to be much more willing to take risks: New ideas are quickly accepted, communication is rather informal and innovations quickly find acceptance. Go to Canada Flexibility and quick response before security. Diligence, thrift and discipline are important cultural values in Germany. The focus is on the future and long-term goals are pursued persistently and persistently over the years. In a very pragmatic way, traditions and concepts of truth are also adapted to current circumstances. It looks completely different in Canada. Just like the neighboring country USA, Canada is characterized by a very short-term thinking focused on the here and now out. The aim is to achieve the short-term goals as quickly and effectively as possible and to react quickly to changing circumstances. Instead of specially defined rules and standards, the Canadians are guided by long-established principles, recommendations for action and Traditions as well as a shared belief in a universal truth. International students rave in their testimonials not only about the politeness and friendliness of Canadians, but also about that relaxed interaction with one another and a positive attitude towards life. In fact, Canada, unlike Germany, is one of the so-called “indulgent” cultures. Free time and personal enjoyment take up a large part of the life of Canadians. They also like to spend their money on it. Work to live is the motto here and not the other way around. The human contact is much more informal and comradely than in this country - you will notice that at the latest in your everyday study life and in the courses! Behavioral tips for Canada © Camosun College Intercultural competence is inherent in Canadians - so there is no better country to acquire intercultural competence! There may be a lot of cultural overlaps between Germany and Canada - but you can still slip into one or two faux pas during your studies in Canada (be it a semester abroad or a bachelor's or master's degree). That is certainly always a part of it and shouldn't put anyone off. With a few behavioral tips in advance, you will certainly succeed to avoid one or the other cultural slip-up! The the most common form of greeting is shaking hands. The handshake should be firm and accompanied by a friendly smile. In Québec, a kiss on the cheek (one on the left and one on the right) is a common greeting. Canadians do tend to get caught up quickly to address them by their first names, however, you should wait until this is offered to you - especially towards higher-ranking or older people. It is the same with the Duzen (do instead of vous) in the French-speaking part of the country. "How are you" is the mandatory greeting and should not be misunderstood as an invitation to complain to the opposite of your suffering. Canadians like to invite you to the so-called Potluck a. These are parties to which everyone brings something to eat and drink. BYOB means "Bring Your Own Bottle" and is often written on a sign in the entrance area of smaller and cheap restaurants, as these usually do not have an alcohol license and therefore allow their guests to bring their own alcoholic drinks. Dos and don'ts Courtesy and friendliness, e.g. thanking the driver after the bus rideQuestions about the “real” nationality of Canadians who do not look European Don't push and always queue at the backDon't tip A lot and like to smalltalkCompare Canadians to Americans Take off your shoes without being asked before entering the house / apartmentTell racist or sexist jokes Pay attention to eye contact during the conversationCriticism of the Canadian health system or environmental policy Always express criticism in an indirect and nice wayDrink alcohol in public Keep an arm's length away and respect privacyUnpunctuality
What is the oxidation state of Mn in Mn2O3? The oxidation number is also called oxidation state is the total number of electrons that an atom either gains or loses to form a chemical bond with another atom. • Manganese(III) oxide is a chemical compound with the formula Mn2O3. Since the oxidation state of oxygen is -2 Then assuming x is the oxidation state of Mn 2x + 3 (-2) = 0 2x = 6 or x = +3 Was this answer helpful? 3 (2) Choose An Option That Best Describes Your Problem Thank you. Your Feedback will Help us Serve you better. Leave a Comment Free Class
Search Engine Optimisation Explained What Is SEO? Search engine optimisation explained, or SEO, is the process of making a website more search engine friendly. It is the process of improving the ranking of a website or a piece of content on Google. The main distinction between SEO and paid advertising is that SEO involves “organic” ranking, which means you don’t have to pay to be in that spot. In other words, search engine optimisation is the process of improving a piece of online material to appear near the top of the page when something is looked up. A search engine like Google is where the bulk of online searches begin. Google is the starting point for 75% of those queries. Search Engine Optimisation explained Techniques The first step in improving a website’s search rankings is to understand how search engines work. Numerous SEO tactics must be used to optimise a site for search to improve its ranking. These are: Keyword Research The most common starting point for search engine optimisation is to look at what keywords a site already ranks for, what keywords competitors rank for, and what other phrases potential clients are searching for. Identifying the search phrases that people use in search engines such as Google can assist you in deciding what existing content to optimise and what new material to generate. SEO Keyword Research Content Marketing After potential keywords have been found, content marketing can begin. This may include both upgrading existing content and creating entirely new ones. Search engines value high-quality content; hence it’s vital to research what’s already available and create an engaging piece of content. This provides a wonderful user experience while also having a chance of ranking higher in the results. Also, intriguing content is more likely to be posted on social platforms and linked to other sites. Link Building Gaining high-quality backlinks is one of the most critical SEO levers. External links, also known as backlinks, are among the most crucial ranking criteria in various search engines. This may include pushing high quality, engaging different sites, building relationships with web administrators, submitting sites to web directories, and gaining exposure to attract links from other websites. On-page Optimisation Enhancing the page’s structure can have significant SEO benefits, and it’s an aspect over which the webmaster has absolute authority. On-page optimisation techniques include; adding keywords into the URL, changing the title tag to incorporate relevant search phrases, and using the alt attribute to describe images. Updating a page’s meta tags can also help, and while these features don’t affect search rankings directly, they can increase SERP click-through rates. On-page meta data SEO Site Architecture Optimisation Internal links are just as important as external links for SEO. As a result, a search engine optimiser can improve a website’s SEO by linking to important pages and using relevant anchor text in those links to improve a page’s relevancy for specific queries. Establishing an XML sitemap for large pages may also help search engines identify and index all of the pages on the site. Semantic Markup Another technique utilised by SEO experts is optimising a website’s semantic markup. Semantic markup is used to express the meaning behind the material on a website. Examples include identifying the author of a particular piece or the subject and category of content on a page. Rich snippets can be presented on the results page using semantic markup, including extra text, review stars, and photos. SERPs’ rich snippets have little impact on search rankings but can boost search CTR, leading to more human traffic. Need help with your SEO strategy? If you’re not getting the results you expect from your SEO strategy or can’t achieve profitable ROAS, speak to our SEO team by calling 0121 231 015 or click here to Get Quote and we’ll call you.
Rafed English Intifada, Manifestation of the Power of Islamic Ummah Most political scientists and other observers of international affairs agree that the sudden collapse of one of the closest US allies in this region following unrelenting, ever-increasing popular protests and street fighting, followed by a new social and government structure " a religious society, and a religious system of governance " in Iran was truly shocking and almost unprecedented, specially in modern times. What was more unprecedented about this particular revolution was that its foundations were meticulously laid, over decades, and watered with love and tears, by an old scholar and high servant of Islam, Imam Khomeini, who had captured the hearts and minds of most Iranians, and with much wisdom and perspicacity led it to a glorious triumph, against all odds and predications. This particular revolution also shattered many beliefs, theories, and political equations believed by the elite policymakers in the West hitherto. 68 Ayatollah Khamenei, speaking of the great impression left by Iranian Islamic Revolution on contemporary global political literature says: "The victory of the Islamic Revolution and the formation of the Islamic Republic of Iran, focused the world's eyes on Iran. Many, including politicians, scientists and thinkers, and the masses of people all over the globe suddenly became aware of a new event and phenomenon. A system of governance had arisen from the Iranian revolutionary movement, which, with one hand, held aloft the name and flag of Islam, and with the other, gestured to itself and claimed being 'popular.' ... Thus it became that the school of thought that set, led, and entered the stage has since been called the "the pure Mohammedan (PBUH) Islam." 69 Thus, the world suddenly came face to face with the first religious government of contemporary Islamic history whose formation heralded a new era in which a society's unlimited potential could be correctly tapped and directed toward material prosperity and limitless spiritual growth and perfection. Of course, international reaction to this fact and phenomenon varied in various places and governments, but one can roughly categorize them into three groups: 1 " The countries " nations and governments " that are neutral towards this issue and advocate establishment of relations on the basis of the principle of mutual respect. 2 " The countries that have been close to the Islamic Republic of Iran and advocated brotherly ties. Of course due to the anti-oppression nature of the Islamic system and its commitment to protection of freedom and man’s dignity, a stronger feeling of fraternity and solidarity have prevailed among the disinherited masses, particularly the Islamic ummah. 3 " The countries hostile to the Islamic Republic. They mainly included the colonialists, exploiters and arrogant countries. Hence, the establishment of the Islamic government in Iran is a warning to the global arrogance, for the religious government due to its divine mission has always defended the deprived and oppressed masses of the world, particularly the Muslims and will not spare any efforts to continue this policy. This ideal is in serious confrontation with the interests of the global arrogance, which is interested in the colonization and exploitation of the masses and plundering of their human and material assets. On the other hand, the establishment of the Islamic government in effect functions as a theoretical and practical support for the disinherited. In fact the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the establishment of the Islamic government is the strongest proof for the disinherited masses particularly the Muslims to have faith in the capabilities of Islam and ability of the Muslim leaders to bring about deep social changes and guide the society towards felicity and perfection in the light of the Islamic ideology and culture. Also the establishment of the Islamic government in an Islamic country could raise hopes in many disinherited masses, encouraging them to realize that they can utilize the religious government to put forth the idea of their supervision at international level. Commenting on the impact of the Islamic uprising of the Iranian nation on the revival of the Islamic culture, Imam Khomeini states: "They were destroying Islam; they were trampling upon the Quran under their boots. The uprising of the Iranian youth, the uprising of the Iranian nation, which was a divine uprising, revived the Quran; revived Islam and resuscitated Islam." 70 Also alluding to the capabilities of Islam in bringing about changes in the social, governmental structures and establishment of a popular revolution and government, the Imam says: "The great change that has emerged in the nation was a change that did not aim only to eliminate the regime…the nation wanted an Islamic government. It was the fundamental issue, that is, they wanted the Quran to rule supreme. They removed the hurdles in this country to establish an Islamic government." 71 The victory of the Islamic Revolution, which occurred after protracted struggles against all symbols of oppression, inequity, infidelity, paganism, and arrogance, was achieved by paying high human and material costs. However in a short period it could introduce fundamental changes in the thought and culture of the Iranian people. As a result the idea of return to the indigenous-religious culture and revival of the Islamic values as the only source for responding to the needs and questions and the only certain path of guidance became evidently clear. Such a fundamental change, which became possible under the sagacious leadership and guidance of the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, was so amazing that astonished all thinkers and scholars of the world. Micheal Focault,-----(1926-1984), a renowned Western thinker, visited Iran after the victory of the Islamic Revolution. Upon his return from Iran, he wrote: One of the significant aspects of this revolutionary event is the reality that it demonstrates the absolute collective will " a very few people have had such an opportunity in the history. 72 Elaborating on the concept of collective will, he writes: the collective will is not a political myth with the help of which the lawyers and philosophers try to analyze or justify the institutions; the collective will is a theoretical instrument; no one has ever seen the collective will… Perhaps we in Tehran and entire Iran came across the collective will of a nation. Well, we should respect it, for this does not happen frequently. 73 Obviously, this great event in the contemporary world enjoys diverse communication possibilities and has had a widespread repercussion in the entire world particularly among the Muslims and the deprived, oppressed peoples of the world. Its profound impact on the culture and political thought and language of the liberating struggles, particularly those of the Muslims, is quite palpable.74 Hence the Zionist regime can be considered an embodiment of "invasion, occupation and usurper of other’s land. On the other hand the struggle of the Palestinian people can be considered the practical example of resistance and Islamic holy war by reliance on such religious values as Islamism, martyrdom, self-sacrifice, etc. The religious struggles of the Iranian nation against all symbols of oppression and inequity in principle and in practice from the very beginning supported the struggles of the Palestinian nation. Imam Khomeini considered support of the rights of the oppressed Palestinian people as a fundamental principle of his struggles. In fact from the very beginning of his political struggles against domination, Imam also launched his struggles against the Zionist regime and extended his support to the struggles of the Palestinian nation. In the early stages of his struggles, he openly warned against the threat posed by Israel against Iran and the Islamic world: "On the basis of my religious duties, I would like to warn the Iranian Muslim nation [that] the holy Quran and Islam are in danger, the independence and economy of the country are in danger of being seized by the Zionists…. The Muslim nation will not keep silent until the danger is removed and if someone keeps silent, he will be responsible toward the Almighty God and is doomed to fall in this world." 75 Therefore the all-out support the Iranian Leader and Muslim nation of Iran extended to the liberation struggles of the Palestinian Muslim nation was one of the reasons of the transformation in the culture of struggle of the Palestinian nation and fighters. The leader of the Islamic Revolution on a number of occasions has expressed the all-out support of the Islamic system and the Iranian nation of the struggles and fighting of the oppressed Palestinian nation: "The Iranian nation cannot neglect the rights of the Palestinian nation. They say, you neglect the Palestinian nation and sign the compromised imposed on this nation; it is obvious that the Iranian nation rejects it and anybody who follows this path is a traitor." 76 Elsewhere, he says: "One of the reasons for the hostilities [of arrogance] is the issue of Palestine. Particularly we have said that the usurping Zionist regime should be eliminated." 77 The victory of the Islamic Revolution and the collapse of the dictatorial monarchy and establishment of the Islamic government in Iran as well as the honorable resistance against all plots of the global arrogance are the best practical example for the Muslim fighters of the occupied territories to practically demonstrate the unlimited power of Islam in giving incentive to them and boosting their fighting power. Therefore, the main impact of the Islamic Revolution on the struggles of the Palestinian nation was transformation of the culture of struggle and change in the objectives of the struggles. 78 In the light of these changes in the struggle culture, the language and method of struggle underwent a change and such concepts as pan-Arabism, which is based on extremist nationalism and has its roots in the Western materialistic culture, was replaced by Islamism and holy war in the way of revival of the splendor and glory of the Islamic world. Also instead of transient materialistic incentives for struggle in the way of motherland, the sublime idea of holy war in the way of Allah was institutionalized which is based on the clear spring of divine knowledge. Hence such concepts as martyrdom, self-sacrifice and sacred holy struggle were resuscitated. Changes in the method of struggle in the light of changes in the culture of struggle are quite palpable. In the light of the rich Islamic culture, the Palestinian fighters, in order to continue their struggles, while welcoming material and spiritual support of other countries, particularly the Islamic countries, never depend on any nation or any power. On the basis of their religious teachings, they have realized that the only key to victory is trust in God and faith in the divine promises as well as preservation of Islamic unity. They also know well that faith and unity are the most effective weapons for their righteous struggles. A glimpse at the testament of a martyred Palestinian fighter " Mahmoud Abu Hanud " demonstrates the deep impact of Islamic culture on the formation and incentives of the struggles of the oppressed Palestinian people: "O Muslims, bear in mind that what has befallen our nation and ummah is because of keeping distance from the right path and the Sunnah of the Prophet as well as total dependence on the East and West that has brought us nothing except indignity, slavery and disunity. But, O ye the children of the Islamic movement; O ye by whose hands the Almighty God has decided to hoist the banner of monotheism and materialize the promise of destruction of Israel, pick up the flag of holy struggle and defend the prestige of religion and motherland and do not give up this endeavor…" 79 Thus the liberation struggles of the Palestinian people found an Islamic nature and the Indifada was formed within the framework of a spontaneous popular movement based on the religious principles and values and relied on the weapon of faith as an effective strategy for solving this great problem. The Leader of the Islamic Revolution, Ayatollah Khamenei, emphasizes on the crucial role of Islam in properly directing the struggles of the Palestinian people and the specific status of Islamic culture in giving incentive to the Muslims, particularly the Palestinians until achieving complete victory (destruction of Israel): "The oppressed Palestinian nation should expel the Zionists from the occupied territories by relying on the Islamic faith." 80 Elsewhere the leaders says: "The rise of the Islamic sun from the horizon of struggles of Palestine has resuscitated the oppressed Palestinian nation… In the beginning, the Palestinians were in hibernation and hence the enemy dominated them, but today the Palestinians have awakened… [They have realized that] struggle without relying on faith in God and Islam will bear no fruit other than alliance with the reactionary forces and cooperation with Israel." 81 In order to become more acquainted with the intellectual nature of the Intifada and the place of Islamic thought and culture in this movement, a part of the statement of the Islamic Resistance Movement of Hamas issued on the 14th year of its formation is reproduced here: "Fourteen years have passed since the formation of the Intifada and holy war and struggle in the way of victory and martyrdom… It is now fourteen years that we have been carrying out our Intifada and will continue it… During this period we have proved that revolution and resistance is not merely being armed, but in the first place it is faith and belief in Islam and the Almighty God... The Hamas is a movement that belongs to the entire Islamic ummah… It is now fourteen years that the program of resistance has been accompanied with the devotions of the nation and struggles and support of the Islamic Ummah which first started with small weapons until it turned into martyrdom-seeking operations." 82 68. There are a number of theories of revolution expounded by the Western thinkers. Among them one may mention Karl Marx, the German philosopher of the late 19th century and early 20th century. The common feature of the theories of these thinkers, despite their superficial differences, is that they are all based on materialistic culture prevailing in the Western culture. They consider human material needs the base of the revolution and there is no place of religion and man’s inclination towards revival of religious values in their theories. 69. Characteristics of the Islamic Revolution in Viewpoint of the Leader of Islamic Revolution, Ayatollah Khamenei (Cultural Institute of Qadr Wilayat, 2002), 2nd Ed. P. 10. 70. Sahifeh-e Nour, Vol. 5, P. 140. 71. Ibid. Vol. 7, P. 60. 72. Iran, the Spirit of the Spiritless World (and nine other interview with Focault), Tr. by Sarkhush, Nikoo and Jahandideh, Afshin (Tehran, Nashr Nei, 1992), 1st Ed. P. 43. 73. Ibid. 74. See Chapter II of the present study on Palestine. 75. Sahifeh-e Nour, Vol. 1, P. 34. 76. Interview with Jomhuri Islami (Tehran), November 22, 1996. 77. Ibid. 78. Ayatollah Khamenei, Speech at a meeting with the people of Torbat Jam, August 31, 1999. 79. Voice of Islamic Palestine, No. 33, January 2001, P. 15. 80. Jomhuri Islami (Tehran), March 19, 1990. 81. Jomhuri Islami (Tehran), October 31, 1993; Ittilaat, October 25, 1990. 82. Voice of Islamic Palestine, No. 33, 33, January 2001, P. 1 Share this article Comments 0 Your comment Comment description Latest Post Most Reviews
• Counter Definition & Synonyms 1. (adv.) In the wrong way; contrary to the right course; as, a hound that runs counter. 2. (v. i.) To return a blow while receiving one, as in boxing. 3. (adv.) Contrary; in opposition; in an opposite direction; contrariwise; -- used chiefly with run or go. 4. (adv.) A prefix meaning contrary, opposite, in opposition; as, counteract, counterbalance, countercheck. See Counter, adv. & a. 5. (adv.) At or against the front or face. 6. (v. t.) Money; coin; -- used in contempt. 7. (v. t.) A prison; either of two prisons formerly in London. 8. (v. t.) A piece of metal, ivory, wood, or bone, used in reckoning, in keeping account of games, etc. 9. (adv.) Same as Contra. Formerly used to designate any under part which served for contrast to a principal part, but now used as equivalent to counter tenor. 10. (adv.) The after part of a vessels body, from the water line to the stern, -- below and somewhat forward of the stern proper. 11. (a.) Contrary; opposite; contrasted; opposed; adverse; antagonistic; as, a counter current; a counter revolution; a counter poison; a counter agent; counter fugue. 12. (v. t.) A telltale; a contrivance attached to an engine, printing press, or other machine, for the purpose of counting the revolutions or the pulsations. 13. (adv.) The back leather or heel part of a boot. 14. (adv.) The breast, or that part of a horse between the shoulders and under the neck. 15. (v. t.) A table or board on which money is counted and over which business is transacted; a long, narrow table or bench, on which goods are laid for examination by purchasers, or on which they are weighed or measured. 16. (v. t.) One who counts, or reckons up; a calculator; a reckoner. 17. (n.) An encounter. Antagonistic, Anticipate, Buffet, Foresee, Forestall, Heel, Parry, Rejoinder, Replication, Retort, Return, Sideboard, • Counter-salient Definition & Synonyms 1. (a.) Leaping from each other; -- said of two figures on a coast of arms. • Countermand Definition & Synonyms 2. (n.) A contrary order; revocation of a former order or command. 3. (v. t.) To prohibit; to forbid. 4. (v. t.) To oppose; to revoke the command of. Annul, Lift, Overturn, Repeal, Rescind, Reverse, Revoke, Vacate,
An article about Daniel Berrigan Daniel Berrigan Daniel was an American writer, Roman Catholic priest, and antiwar activist whose poems and essays reflect his deep commitment to social, political, and economic change in American society. Berrigan, who grew up in Syracuse, New York, earned a bachelor’s degree from a Jesuit novitiate in Hyde Park, New York, and a master’s degree from Woodstock (Maryland) College. He taught at a preparatory school in New Jersey before being ordained a priest in 1952. Berrigan’s political activism was closely linked to his vision of the responsibilities of Christianity. He used his poetry as a vehicle for social protest, yet it retained its artistic integrity. His earliest works are compared to the devotional poems of John Donne and George Herbert. Time Without Number (1957) is praised for its unique voice, its skillful use of theological imagery, and its exploration of spirituality. Berrigan’s later writings show his growing conviction of his social responsibilities as a priest. Influenced by his brother Philip (also a priest), Berrigan became active in the antiwar movement during the period of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. He also became acquainted with the activist journalist Dorothy Day, and in 1968 he traveled with historian Howard Zinn to North Vietnam to negotiate the release of three captured U.S. pilots. Later that year Daniel, Philip, and seven others broke into the office of the draft board of Catonsville, Maryland, and burned the records. Daniel dramatized the federal trial that resulted from that event in the one-act play The Trial of the Catonsville Nine (1970). He spent two years in federal prison, and some of his most eloquent poetry is published in Prison Poems (1973). Undeterred, Berrigan continued protesting and getting arrested for incursions into weapons laboratories and into the Pentagon. He became increasingly convinced that it was necessary not merely to protest but to actively resist war. In 1980, he and his brother helped form the Plowshares Movement, which engaged in acts of civil disobedience directed against war. In addition, Berrigan worked to help AIDS patients during the 1980s and later, and in 2012 he spoke out in support of the Occupy Wall Street protests. Berrigan passed away April 30, 2016 in Bronx, New York.
java.lang.StringBuffer length() Description : This java tutorial shows how to use the length() method of StringBuffer class under java.lang package. The length method of StringBuffer class counts how many characters does the StringBuffer object has. Method Syntax : public StringBuffer length() Parameter Input : DataType Parameter Description Method Returns : The length() method simply returns the length (character count). Compatibility Version : Requires Java 1.0 and up Java Code Example : This java example source code demonstrates the use of length() method of StringBuffer class. Basically this code just takes a user input and then the program will display the character length of the user input. This source code is a good example in learning on how to initialize StringBuffer object, modify the contents of the StringBuffer object and printing the length of how many characters stored on the buffer. Sample Output : Running the example source code above will give you the following output Exception Scenario : Similar Method : • N/A Suggested Reading List : References :
How do I change a dotted continuous line in AutoCAD? How do you change the dotted line on a graph? Make a line dashed 1. Select the line you want to change. If you want to change multiple lines, select the first line, and then press and hold CTRL while you select the other lines. 2. On the Format tab, click the arrow next to Shape Outline. … 3. Point to Dashes, and then click the style you want. How do I show dashed lines in AutoCAD? 21 февр. 2021 г. How do I create a custom linetype in AutoCAD? To Create a Simple Linetype From the Command Prompt 1. At the Command prompt, enter -linetype. 2. Enter c and press Enter. IT IS INTERESTING: Quick Answer: How do I update excel in AutoCAD? 30 мар. 2020 г. What does a dotted line in a graph mean? Inequalities that use < or > symbols are plotted with a dashed line to show that the line is not included in the region. Inequalities that use ≤ or ≥ symbols are plotted with a solid line to show that the line is included in the region. For example, this graph shows the inequality . What does dotted line represent in drawing? The first and most basic rule of lines in design drawings is that solid lines indicate visible or “real” objects or surfaces, while anything drawing with dots and/or dashes indicates something that is unseen or “hidden” from view. What is Msltscale? MSLTSCALE = 1. To change a variable’s value, simply type it in at the command line and enter a new value when prompted. These values are saved in the drawing, so it’s worth getting them right in your template file. How do I change hidden lines in AutoCAD? Change the Display Properties of Hidden Lines 1. At the Command prompt, enter HLSETTINGS. 2. In the Hidden Line Settings dialog box, change the settings and click OK. 30 мар. 2020 г. How do I change the scale of a line in AutoCAD? To set the linetype scale at the keyboard, follow these steps: 1. Type LTSCALE (or LTS) and press Enter. AutoCAD responds with a prompt, asking you for the scale factor. … 2. Type the value you want for the linetype scale and press Enter. The easiest choice is to set the linetype scale to the drawing scale factor. How many line types are there in AutoCAD? IT IS INTERESTING: Your question: How do I import DWG files into SmartDraw? How do you make a zigzag line in AutoCAD? How do you draw a zigzag line? 1. Click Home tab Draw panel Zigzag Line. Find. 2. Specify the starting point for the zigzag line. 3. Specify subsequent points. How do you import a linetype in AutoCAD? Load a Linetype 2. Click Other. 3. In the Linetype Manager dialog box, click Load. 5. Click OK to close each dialog box. 29 мар. 2020 г. What is dotted line responsibility? Dotted-line reporting describes a relationship between an employee and a secondary supervisor/leader that provides additional oversight and guidance to the employee in the execution of his/her work. Is it a solution if it’s on the dotted line? If the inequality symbol is greater than or less than, then you will use a dotted boundary line. This means that the solutions are NOT included on the boundary line. What does a solid and dotted line mean? Combo of one dashed/one yellow line in center If both the dashed and solid yellow lines are present, passing is only allowed by one direction of traffic. If the line on your side of the road is solid, you should not pass, even if the other side is dashed. Only the dashed side of the road can pass. Sketch up
I've always used the envelope method to budget. I know Mint uses a different method, but I'm not sure if it has a name or not. It could simply be a derivative of the envelope method. Wells Fargo's built in budgeting tool seems to do the envelope method in reverse, where you spend until you reach the upper limit. Again, does this have a name? What are the most common budget methods? What are their pros and cons? There are four common types of budgeting methods : 1. Incremental budgeting Basically you take previous month's numbers (assuming your track your spending to the penny) and you add or subtract a percentage to obtain the next month's budget. 1. Proportional Budgets For example, in the 80/20 budget, you spend 80% of your income, and save 20%. In the 50/30/20 budget, you spend 50% on necessary items (needs), 30% on discretionary expenses (wants), and put 20% toward debt and savings. 1. Value proposition budgeting Paying yourself first puts the focus on your savings. That’s because you put money away at the beginning of the month, before you have a chance to spend it on anything. 1. Zero-Sum Budget This is exactly what it sounds like. At the end of the month, your budget should equal zero. That means that if you have $300 left at the end of the month, you need to give that $300 a job. Every dollar needs to be accounted for. Read more and source : https://www.youngadultmoney.com/6-different-ways-to-budget-your-money/ Personally I suggest you mix Proportional Budget, The Envelope Budget and Zero-Sum Budget. This will gives you a pretty good general idea about where your is going (Proportional Budget), also you organize the portions into sections so your money is well spent (The Envelope Budget) and you know exactly where every cent will go (Zero-Sum Budget). • 1 So you have answered the first half of the question, which asks which budgeting methods are common. (I can't judge the validity of that part of the answer.) However, you don't seem to touch much at all on the second half of the question, which asks for their respective benefits and drawbacks. Why should a person choose one of these over the others, or indeed a particular mix of them? – user Sep 13 '19 at 20:18 • It's also worth keeping in mind that "debt" is really just another word for "money you've already spent". So if you're on a 50/30/20 budget (as in your example), and you're putting those 20% toward paying off debt, you really aren't saving anything. (You're hopefully reducing your future expenses, but you're not saving for a rainy day, or indeed for a sunny day either.) – user Sep 13 '19 at 20:21 • 1 My experience is also that many needs are rather fixed costs; the mortgage cost doesn't vary much (and certainly rent doesn't vary much at all), transportation costs don't vary much, utilities (at least per 12 months, to account for seasonal variations) don't vary that much, and so on. For such expenses, it's probably better to allocate a fixed amount than a fixed percentage. – user Sep 13 '19 at 20:21 • 2 I don't see how Value proposition budgeting as you describe it is a budgeting method. – RonJohn Oct 13 '19 at 19:05 I write down each payment method and create a list in order by due date under each payment method. Then as each date arrives I pay the bill that's due and write it down with the following months list • Your method is similar to (except not by category) what I do -- Spreadsheets are your friend!!! -- and integrate it with a checkbook register. It's worked great for six years. – RonJohn Jun 4 '19 at 21:15 • 1 This sounds really similar to what I describe in my answer to Strategies to earmark money for large expenses. However, I don't see it being a method for budgeting, but rather just a way of keeping track of your individual bills. It does nothing, for example, for the things you pay for with cash (unless you write yourself a bill for it or something like that). – user Sep 13 '19 at 20:11 • @aCVn this is a great budgeting method (at least the way I do it, with a check register spreadsheet that I forecast a month into the future): I know when my paychecks arrive and how much they are, plus when my bills arrive and about how much they'll be. (CC payments are not bills in my scheme. They are a method of paying bills.) Variable items like groceries get a fixed amount every month that I never exceed; thus I treat them as fixed costs. – RonJohn Oct 13 '19 at 19:04 Your Answer
How many polluters take advantage of the government’s outdated math? Excessive government handouts mean that some polluters are making a profit instead of punishing with the intention of cutting carbon. To mitigate the impact on heavy spending in the face of foreign competition, the government created a buffer in the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). But some industries are receiving rebates. Three times bigger Such as their pollution costs. The government has now acknowledged that the buffer is too generous, and is undermining the scheme. It’s asking people now. How to solve these problems.. Read more: * Rising demand for pollution is blowing up the government’s first limit on carbon units. * The government has given a long rein to the emission trading scheme in 2022. * Secret auction designed to reduce pollution of our climate. When the government introduced the ETS, which required companies to pay a ton of emissions, it feared that some polluters would move their work abroad, leading to dismissals and GDP will decline. To reduce this risk, the government offered to provide a large number of units for free. In industries facing foreign competition, moderate-emission businesses are required to receive 60% of carbon emissions without compensation, and those with higher emissions aim to receive 90%. Free carbon units Presented to producers each year. In addition to steel, aluminum, chemicals, cement, fertilizer, glass and paper, many horticultural businesses grow peppers, cucumbers, tomatoes and roses. Some farmers are jealous. Coal or natural gas To provide extra carbon dioxide to keep your greenhouses warm and increase plant growth. Because some fresh produce farmers use coal and gas - which are becoming more expensive - many people get a free New Zealand unit each year. 123 RF Because some fresh produce farmers use coal and gas – which are becoming more expensive – many people get a free New Zealand unit each year. Coal and gas businesses are subject to ETS, buying NZ units for their products. On Current prices, One ton of coal is subject to the price of carbon. More than 120. This makes coal more expensive for domestic farmers, who are often competing with overseas producers for access to cheap coal. In 2019, the government handed over. About 50,000 units For tomato growers, even greenhouses that do not use fossil fuels can claim shares. The goal was to encourage performance, said Catherine Lanning, a fat researcher. He added, “If a firm is more effective than the benchmark, it can close the gap – and that’s a good thing, because it’s more motivating to perform.” Coal mining companies have already paid for carbon, and delivered it to their customers. So tomato growers receive free credit. By selling them in the secondary market – which was paying about ڈالر 30 per ton in 2019 – horticulturists collectively would have earned about 1.5 1.5 1.5 million from their approximately 50,000 units. But to calculate the number of free units using the old information, the government is now giving exemptions to some businesses that are more than the cost of pollution. For example, cement production from limestone releases a lot of carbon dioxide, so producers are eligible for free units. When ETS started, there were two cement companies: Fletcher Concrete, which used a more efficient process, and Holchem, which was less efficient. Holchem used to run cement factories, but closed in 2016. Mike Crane / Things. The waiver system used an average of both actions, which rewarded Fletcher and punished Holchem - Joe. Closed its Westport factory. In the year 2016. Yet when Fletcher generates its number of emissions at the end of each year, it is able to use business-specific and up-to-date numbers. So while the government intended to shoulder 90 percent of its carbon footprint, taxpayers are stepping in. 100% of the bill.According to the Ministry of Environmental Analysis. The problem is worse than any other industry: Cucumber growers get it. 300% of their relative carbon expenditure. Under the system The government has sought opinions on two key issues: how it decides which industries are eligible for free units and how many rewards it calculates. To qualify, a company has to face two times: it must have some competition with foreign companies and it must be a moderate or high emitter. Today, it’s “a little easier,” Lening said. To make concrete, manufacturers convert limestone into cement - a process that emits large amounts of carbon dioxide. Jim Tanak / provided. To make concrete, manufacturers convert limestone into cement – a process that emits large amounts of carbon dioxide. I A report Written with Benjamin Rontard, Lening expands the standard. For example, the degree of competition, profit margins, ability to pass costs on to customers, and availability of green tech can all be part of the assessment. If low-carbon technology is available, the government can raise money to replace the industry’s commitment. “There are a handful of people who get literally a small number of units,” he added. “Wouldn’t that be a better result if you could help them avoid the cost of emissions?” Another problem is that the government does not use New Zealand data to calculate its eligibility. For example, it uses Australian power numbers – although our power is more green. This is the legacy of trying to link our scheme to Australian initiatives (which were). Finally canned). Government Overview This may cause some industries to be rated moderate rather than high emitters, or lose their annual supply of free units. The change is also possible for companies that are eligible for free units. Cucumber growers receive free units to compensate for the high cost of fossil fuels that burn directly in the greenhouse – as well as the high cost of electricity for lighting, as about 20% of all electricity is generated from coal and gas. Fossil-fired power plants can make all electricity more expensive, because when an expensive coal unit is in operation, all wind farms and hydro dams in the market get paid equally. Government modeling in 2013 estimated how many units would adequately discount higher electricity bills based on the formula. Which turned out to be unrealistically high.. It is trying now. Create a more appropriate multiplication.. It is also using outdated estimates of emissions from industrial activities, such as how much carbon dioxide is produced in a ton of cement. Sometimes it tends to be dysfunctional companies that have left the market, such as Holchem’s cement factory. When the Huntley power plant burns coal, the price of electricity for the whole market goes up. Coal is subject to ETS. Kelly Hoodle / Things. But all the data was obtained between 2006 and 2009, although most industries are emerging. Constantly more efficient. As a result, companies do not always notice rising carbon prices. “Even for emissions-related firms, there should have been a 10% increase that gives them the option to invest in mitigation,” Lenning said. The government is reviewing whether. Updating the pollution baseline of each industry., With possible reviews every 10 years – although more regular updates are being released. Lining said initial support rates of 90 and 60 percent could be reviewed, and possibly tailored to each industry. Under Reforms last yearNow it is possible. In fact, these rates were going to be very low by now. The plan was that Eliminate these unit gauges before 2030.But the national-led government delayed it. This phase-out is starting again, albeit at a slower pace – meaning more emitters will still be getting free units beyond 2050. In addition, the government has not limited the number of free units. It is unlikely for a large plant to double its production, but nothing can stop it from claiming double free units – although it could blow up the country’s carbon budget and pay taxpayers a carbon offset. Can force Another downside to the current system is that customers are sheltered, Lining said. “Consumers are not seeing the cost of imports or domestic products being significantly higher, because everyone is trying to compete. It slows growth with de-carbonation. Because of this, the government is also interested in public opinion about alternatives. There is a carbon border adjustment method, where the value of carbon in exports and imports is removed or applied, respectively, when products cross the border. European Union Currently making a suggestion. Targeting imports, but Lening said there is still a lot of work to be done. In addition, the Paris Agreement is now in force. For this, it is necessary that almost every country in the world should work for its expulsion purpose. Companies are also growing rapidly. Climate risk reporting. Lanning said conditions were less favorable for heavy polluters to close a factory in a country to avoid carbon prices than they did a decade ago. “I think it’s about the coffee industry,” he added. “The idea here is to know where the risk is greatest and to target the right amount of aid there.” Furthermore, in cases where “huge sums” are being offered to ensure that production remains in New Zealand when it cannot be threatened, Lanning suggests that the government should reduce the cost of this exchange. Should be reviewed. The people have. Until September 17 to say.. Stay up to date with the latest weather news. Olivia Vann of the Forever Project will get to know you every week. Sign up here.. Leave a Reply
Problem of Social Media Polarization Category: Culture Date added Pages: 6 Words: 1850 Order Original Essay How it works People that use social media, websites, and applications that enable them to create and share content or to participate in social networking, are being affected by the things they see on their screens every day. Therefore every time you open social media you are being polarized towards one side of an issue. Polarization is a sharp division, as of a population or group, into opposing factions. According to a new study done by market-research group Nielsen, American adults spend more than 11 hours a day watching, reading, listening to or simply interacting with media. 84 percent of people use social media to support a cause or issue they care about. It is not acceptable for people to be influenced by the things they see on social media that could be bias or unfactual. They need to be able to form their own opinions through proper research but this is getting more difficult since scrolling through social media is more convenient than taking the time to do your own research and make an informed decision about a topic. Polarization through social media occurs in many different forms, but the most relevant today is the psychological, political and religious polarization. According to Martin Luther King Jr, “Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly” and this is especially true when it comes to social media polarization. Psychology is one of the main reasons that we get polarized on social media. Dopamine is a chemical in the brain that makes us feel happy. This is what makes tweeting harder for people to resist than cigarettes and alcohol. 60 percent of females are addicted to social media and 56 percent of people are afraid of missing out which is why they cannot stay off of social media. Interactions via social media make people feel connected without the difficulties and complexities involved in face-to-face interactions. Compared to interactions with computers, interactions with humans requires more emotional involvement, cognitive effort, and brain activation. When people stay on social media for longer periods of time they increase their chances of being polarized. Usually, on social media we are browsing topics that interest us and when we do we can be polarized by other peoples opinions about those topics, these posts do not have to be factual or unbias which puts us at a higher risk for an uneducated opinion about important topics we care about. 68 percent of people share things to let others know what they believe in and care about. Therefore they begin to spread their opinion which is more likely to cause polarization as well. People may actually go onto social media looking for a topic that they want to research and end up finding good information that convinces them to change their mind or pull them further to one side. One example of this is the social media platform Youtube. Many YouTubers use their channels to inform others about topics they care about and the comment section of the videos is also filled with plenty of opinions from the viewers, when we read other peoples comments it could encourage us to agree with their argument, sometimes without even watching the video, and spread the incorrect ideas to others. Every minute an average of 48 hours of content is uploaded, which is estimated to be about 8 years of content every day. Psychology plays a major role in our susceptibility to social media sites and their effect on our opinions even if we don’t realize it. Even if the influencers on these social media platforms have different intentions, people can miscommunicate and misinterpret information through social media. The political aspect of polarization is between liberals and conservatives, republicans and democrats. According to Janie Valencia, a freelance writer focused on survey research, 31% of Americans identified as Democrat, 24% identified as Republican, and 42% as Independent. This is partly due to the fact that political ads also contribute to polarization. Campaigns usually spend upwards of three billion dollars on broadcast television ads, for example, the 2012 presidential, congressional and gubernatorial elections had a record-breaking amount, according to Moody’s Investment Services. They found that a 1,000-ad advantage in any given market over the course of an election increased a candidate’s vote share by about 0.5 percentage points. This is because people are being polarized by the ads. Every social media site has ads on it, some even require you to view an ad before having access to a video or game. Therefore we are required to be influenced by whatever we see, whether the polarization is for or against the subject being advertised. “It’s a small effect, but it could make a difference in a close election,” Franz says. It engages younger audiences “It’s funny that a bunch of liberal academics has given conservative campaigns so much to work with,” says David Pizarro, a political psychology professor at Cornell. “But they give us good ideas, too — conservatives have been much better at making use of emotional tools in their campaigns than liberals… If it’s a new candidate … it might help build positive feelings to have the candidate in an ad, smiling, holding happy children, standing with the American flag,” he says. “But once we know a candidate, our prior convictions, especially partisanship, are going to take over.” Ted Brader, PhD, a political psychology professor at the University of Michigan. Social media allows politicians to see how people react to certain ideas and adjust their campaigns according to their reactions. It also gives them a platform to advertise themselves somewhere for everyone to see. Twitter and Facebook have become crucial tools when it comes to organizing a campaign. They help people with similar political beliefs like voters and activists to easily share and retweet news and information like campaign events with each other for everyone to see, causing polarization. Donald Trump mainly used Twitter in his 2016 presidential campaign. “I like it because I can get also my point of view out there, and my point of view is very important to a lot of people that are looking at me,” Trump said. The religious lens shows that many different religions also use social media to create a sense of community. This gives the faithful communities unlimited viewers since these religions have very strong and specific beliefs they are projecting onto social media others are being polarized by it. An example of this is an application on facebook called ‘My Church’ which includes podcasts called ‘Godcasts’. Another example is from a few years ago when a UK cathedral started live-tweeting its services. There were questions about how appropriate it was. There was is a case being made that if you’re on Twitter you’re not engaging as fully as when you’re not on Twitter. There are concerns that a series of short tweets is not an appropriate way to represent complex and subtle concepts which makes it easy for viewers who are not part of the religion easily misunderstand and get polarized against it just because they didn’t get enough information or mistook the short blurbs. When you’re talking in 140 characters or a seven-second video, you have to condense things. People tend to stereotype or simplify messages. This lack of communication leads to prejudice hate groups and “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere” according to Martin Luther King Jr. in his letter from a Birmingham jail, it is difficult to stop misconceptions about a group of people, especially when hate is being spread via social media. 1 in 3 Facebook users declare their religion on their profiles and 4 in 10 publicly support a religious organization or page. Social media is being increasingly used by religious leaders as a way to communicate with both their congregations and to other groups. Pope Francis gained over 1 million followers within 12 hours of creating an account. So religious leaders can get higher engagement through social media. People can argue that social media does not promote their religion but that it is a place for them to express their beliefs that don’t affect others, they do not realize that although the effect could be small it still does exist, whether it be in good or bad connotation. In conclusion, many religions use social media to promote and express the things they believe in for everyone to see. Although they may see this as just affecting themselves it also has an effect on others who use social media and is, therefore, polarizing them towards a religion or away from it. This also works for the opposite, if people are against religions it can also affect how people view them. In the letter from Birmingham jail Martin Luther King Jr. says “I am sure that each of you would want to go beyond the superficial social analyst who looks merely at effects and does not grapple with underlying causes” he is referring to the fact that white people at the time were judging African Americans for causing mayhem in the streets when they were not focusing on the cause of it. They were blind to it since racism was not affecting them. This is related to polarization because people are not focusing on the fact that social media is affecting their views and opinions deeply and polarizing them to different sides of issues in the world. Our society is blind to the fact that they are constantly being influenced by the information being given to them by social media. They wonder why people have such strong beliefs that are about relevant topics but don’t consider social media, which they use constantly, as a factor for peoples love or hate towards things. More laws and regulations could be stricter about the information and opinions being factual but according to Northwestern University Ph.D., and former Chief Academic Officer at ExecOnline “Laws against phenomena like hate speech and deceptive advertising do exist, and the irritant of fake news is being addressed. However, freedom of speech, particularly in the U.S., is generally regarded as inviolable, and a Fairness Doctrine won’t be coming back when the internet gives every voice a microphone. And so it is doubtful that meaningful regulation could occur.” People may not believe in the information or side they are being polarized towards but they are being manipulated by the things they see on social media, therefore they should limit their time on it, be more careful about the sources being credible and do their own research before claiming to be for or against certain issues. “Just as Socrates felt that it was necessary to create a tension in the mind so that individuals could rise from the bondage of myths and half-truths to the unfettered realm of creative analysis and objective appraisal” Martin Luther King Jr. Psychology, Religion, and politics are not the only subjects that are included in social media polarization but we don’t realize that it is gradually happening to us more every day that we go onto social media which is why we need to limit our time on it as much as we can to avoid polarization and start forming more of our own informed opinions. Did you like this example? Cite this page Problem of Social Media Polarization. (2021, Jul 01). Retrieved from The deadline is too short to read someone else's essay
Social Identities of Different Groups of People Category: Culture Date added Pages: 5 Words: 1649 Order Original Essay How it works Our society manages collective ideas about who gets to belong to our group and which types of people are seen as different- the other. Social identities are relational- groups typically define themselves in relation to others. This is because identity has very little meaning without the existence of “the other”. In Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness”, Marlow defines the white European people as “His people” and the Africans are portrayed as someone who are different from him. Marlow describes the Africans as ‘black shadows’ or ‘black shapes’ or ‘bundles of acute angles’ and does not even perceive them entirely as ‘humans’ as he is not fully aware of them until he goes in the journey to the interior of the world and explores the reality. In “Ambiguous Adventure”, the Diallobe people perceive French people as the other and have fear of losing their own identity in the presence of the other. The novel gets denser in part 2 when Samba goes to the French school and faces the distinctions between his country and France in real terms. Although he gets attracted to the culture of France, his inner self realizes that he does not belong there and upon the acknowledgment of the French culture, he is losing some part of himself. With the explanation of the distinctions between the cultures that Gia Bao and Tri Huu Tran have been born and brought up in, “Vietnamerica” suggests that Gia Bao and Tri see each other as their significant ‘the other’. Tri does not find comfort in America and Gia-Bao find himself different from or alien to the culture of his own parents at the beginning of the novel. These novels explain the journey of the major protagonists in finding their respective identities that have been threatened by the existence of ‘the other’ as a counterpart entity opposing definition of ‘the self’. “Heart of Darkness” projects the image of Africa as ‘the other world’, the antithesis of Europe and therefore of civilization. The maps that Marlow grew up gazing at show how the European’s gaze constructed the world and saw other countries in relation to itself. Africa, in Europe’s eyes, is a blank space because Europeans have not gone to Africa to endow it with meaning- historical and geographical. ‘Civilization’ is one of the bases of categorization of the people as ‘the other’ in “Heart of Darkness”. As the European explorers fill the map with names, Africa and the Africans are not defined simply in terms of emptiness but an exotic ‘other’ of Europe. As Marlow approaches Africa, his view of the continent is already shaped by the imperialist ideology. He views Africa as an enigma and also personifies it as ‘savage and always mute with an air of whispering’. Before the start of Marlow’s journey to Africa, nowhere in the text does Marlow describe the Africans as human beings. Conrad intentionally does not provide names to any African characters, implying that the Africans have different language than the Europeans. Upon Marlow’s reduction of the Africans to ‘savages’ without having any interaction with them, we can say that we humans judge the other on the basis of the judgment of the people who we consider to be ‘our people’. Marlow here judges the Africans on the basis of the imperialistic perception that most Europeans have of the Africans. The inferiority of ‘the other’ is a constant theme of the novel. When Conrad describes the fireman in the ship such that “he was there below me, to look at him was as edifying as seeing a dog in a parody of breeches”, he wants to portray Europeans’ view about Africans’ social and mental state. The narrator’s belief in the inherent inferiority of the blacks suggests that our judgment is extremely influenced by our society. Through Marlow, Conrad explains that Europeans’ thoughts are molded by their society to such an extent that in all possible aspects, Africans appear subservient to them, even seeing them wear pants amounts to no more than a warped joke to the white men. Darkness is anything that is unknown, primitive and impenetrable. The title of the novel suggests that the Europeans’ lack of knowledge about Africa has led them to perceive the Africans as inferior ‘the other’. Marlow realizes that the Europeans in Africa are so lost in their greed and time in Africa that they have become less and less human , as suggested by the heads hanged in the fences by Kurtz, therefore establishing themselves as ‘savage’ in comparison to the Africans. This leads Marlow to experience a sense of identity crisis as his perception about his people and ‘the other’ is reversed with the passage of the novel. “The Ambiguous Adventure” centers around Samba Diallo who goes abroad for higher studies and loses touch with his Senegalese roots and his Islamic faith in an attempt to find out the true secret of the white man’s power. The ambiguous adventure addresses a critical contemporary issue—the collision of Islamic African values and Western culture and here, this western culture is portrayed as ‘the other’ to the Diallobe people. Samba finds himself torn between the materialistic secularism and isolation of French civilization and the deeper spiritual influences of his homeland when he goes to the French school. The whole community of Diallobe people fears the French imperialists. This fear is a result of the difference in cultures. They believe that the French people have been so consumed in a materialistic world that they have lost their path and Diallobe people would have to abandon their faith in spirituality to be like the French. This can be justified when The Most Royal Lady addresses the Diallobe people in her speech and states that “The school in which I place our children will kill in them what today we love and rightly conserve with care. Perhaps the memory of us will die in them”. She believes that they are so completely different from the French that the two cultures can never exist in each other’s presence. At the beginning of his journey to France, Samba experiences non-conformity with the French culture and hence finds himself alien to the French. However, with his gradual adaptation to the new place, the otherness fades away. But when the hero of the novel, the deliverer-to-be, and paragon of the new generation, returns from France a total spiritual wreck, his once vibrant sense of community is hopelessly shattered. He realizes that he has lost his original identity but the total replacement of the Senegalese identity by the European identity has not taken place. This duality has resulted in the formation of an ambiguous identity. Hence this justifies that the existence of ‘the other’ can lead to the questioning of the self as in the case of Samba Diallo. “Vietnamerica” is a graphic memoir in which the writer reveals the road that brought his family away from ‘their people’ to ‘the other’ world but that other world for him turned out to be ‘his world’ instead. The differences between GB and Tri tell us how they are their significant ‘the other’. GB is fully Americanized(as suggested by him playing video games, trying to be least connected to his family members) and totally unaware of his parent’s culture (as suggested by him wearing unsuitable clothes for funeral, his difficulty in pronouncing ‘pho’). Tri has spent a significant amount of time in America but still has not been able to fully adapt to the culture there. Tri’s difficulty in adapting to America and GB’s difficulty in conforming to the Vietnamese culture gives us an idea that they have been culturally constructed as being fundamentally different and this cultural construction is the basis of defining ‘the other’ in the novel. We need something that in some degree is different from ourselves to actually constitute a self and this something is culture and traditions in this novel. Although Tri and GB have the same origin (Vietnamese), their reaction to similar circumstances is different than each other as a result of their cultural construction. The power of definition is a strong one, and when used in the context of othering, it continues to reinforce the differences between ‘us’ and ‘them’. This text does not consider ‘the other’ as inimical rather has some degree of respect towards them. America has provided shelter to Tri’s family when they needed it the most and the journey to Vietnam has helped GB understand his parent’s history and what circumstances they underwent to give him the life he has been living. But the struggle to adapt to the other culture gives us an idea that our identity is tied to the place we come from and is the basis of distinguishing self from the other. Similar to the protagonists of previous two texts, GB also develops an ambiguous identity upon his arrival in Vietnam as he finds himself completely different from the people who are supposed to be his family which suggests that the merging of ‘the other’ contributes to the loss of self to some extent. All three texts have characters that prominently enhance the concept of ‘the other’. In ‘Heart of Darkness’, we see a European’s perception of the Africans as ‘the other’ and in ‘Ambiguous adventure’, we understood the opposite side of the coin. ‘Vietnamerica’ on the other hand displays how the concept of ‘the other’ can exist within a family. The place, culture and civilization are the criterions of distinction between the self and the other. All the major protagonists go on a journey away from their place and people and develop a sense of identity crisis. This suggests that the inclination towards the other is a prominent cause of identity crisis referring to the existence of ‘the other’ as a threat to the concrete identity of ‘the self’. Did you like this example? Cite this page Social Identities of Different Groups of People. (2021, Jun 17). Retrieved from The deadline is too short to read someone else's essay
Beyond Ethnicity: the Global Comparative Analysis of Ethnic Conflict 22 Citations (Scopus) Conflicts that are reported as being between ethnic groups are often described as "ethnic conflicts". The implication is that such conflicts belong to a general type of ethnic conflict with certain repeated and preictable features . This type of conflict is seen as being motivated by ethnic sentiments, as being grounded in deeply set hatreds, and as being virtually inescapable. By applying the epithet "ethnic", it is as if the conflict were already explained. However there are many reasons to be suspicious of these implications. Ethnic groups presently embroiled in fierce conflict may have been, at a previous point in time, peacefully co-existent. Frequently the very lines of ethnic difference become blurred through intermarriage and cultural change. Therefore, in order to understand conflict described as "ethnic" we need to uncover the reasons why (in a given conflict situation) there is heightened awareness of ethnic difference. Then we need to explain what I have termed "the conditions of ethnicity", that is the external conditions which lead to severe conflict; and those external circumstances that make it likely that the conflict will follow lines of ethnic differentiation. Two of these conditions are the strength of the state system and the ability of the state to manage ethnic conflict. Translated title of the contributionBeyond Ethnicity: the Global Comparative Analysis of Ethnic Conflict Original languageEnglish Pages (from-to)179 - 194 Number of pages16 JournalInternational Journal of Comparative Sociology Volume45 (3-4) Publication statusPublished - Jul 2004 Bibliographical note Publisher: Sage Structured keywords • SPAIS Centre for the Study of Ethnicity and Citizenship Dive into the research topics of 'Beyond Ethnicity: the Global Comparative Analysis of Ethnic Conflict'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. Cite this
Research Question Media literacy is the skill to critically analyze information that is consumed from social media or other online sources. Because of rapid technological advancements, social media is heavily ingrained in people’s everyday lives and consumes a lot of its users’ time and attention. This allows users to have access to all kinds of information, making this type of literacy crucial. However this skill is rarely taught, despite the evident need for conscious information consumption. Current research on this topic focuses on how media literacy should be taught in schools for children and teenagers. Upon analyzing current research, it seems that the youth that have grown up alongside with the development of technology is the most knowledgeable about how to use it, and how to interact with technology and social media. It is the adults who have had to adapt to technology and integrate social media into their lives in a short time span that need to learn media literacy the most. The research conducted in this study is to understand how to use efficient communication strategies accounting for social and cognitive determinants behind massive digital misinformation to account for current perceptions of social media as an information source and inform future discourse. Just over half of the participants of this study were in the age range of 25-34, and the remainder were 18-24 years old. Nearly three quarters of the participants identified as women, the remainder identified as men. 53.5% of participants stated that they use social media 2-4 hours each day. 92.3% of participants rated instagram as their most used social media application. Facebook was the second most used social media application in this study. 61.5% of participants stated that they gain worldly information and news from social media as opposed to other media or sources. And 69.2% of participants state that they both actively search for news information and that it also shows up on their social media feeds. 90% of participants found that the content that made up their news feeds is similar to their own personal beliefs, and that the majority of the users they follow or friend on social media share the same personal beliefs, political views, and interests. Facebook was ranked as the top social media platform that includes most information and content about political beliefs for 38% of participants, with Instagram being a close second with 30%. Instagram was ranked as the top social media platform to find the most information or content about hobbies, interests, and activities for 69% of participants. 61% of participants pass on information they find interesting from social media by re-sharing it on the platform or relaying the same information in conversation. 77% of participants said that they rarely or never look for other supporting sources or other perspectives of the information they share and find interesting from social media. Emma Vaz is a fourth year student at Ryerson University, studying Professional Communications. This program is a part of the school's Faculty of Communications and Design, which is the heart of Canada’s media, design and creative industries. Emma currently works in the healthcare field in administration for Lakeridge Healthcare’s Emergency department. Since the COVID-19 epidemic Emma has truly been tested in her skills of problem solving in crisis situations such as creating risk management plans within her department, also dealing with health and safety planning during the N95 masks and PPE shortages. After graduation Emma had planned to change her career path into the creative industries but will continue in healthcare for the time being while we are dealing with this pandemic. She hopes to start contract work in communications, public relations, and social media management when life returns to normality. Being in a frontline worker in an emergency department during this pandemic has been more constructive and educational than any capstone project.
Total Number of words made out of Three = 20 Three is an acceptable word in Scrabble with 8 points. Three is an accepted word in Word with Friends having 7 points. Three is a 5 letter medium Word starting with T and ending with E. Below are Total 20 words made out of this word. Anagrams of three 1). ether 3). there 4 letter Words made out of three 1). here 2). thee 3). tree 4). rete 3 letter Words made out of three 1). ret 2). ree 3). the 4). het 5). her 6). eth 7). ere 8). tee 2 letter Words made out of three 1). re 2). he 3). et 4). er 5). eh Three Meaning :- One more than two; two and one. The number greater by a unit than two; three units or objects. A symbol representing three units- as 3 or iii. Synonyms of Three:- trey, ternary, trinity, leash, threesome, ternion, trine, tercet, terzetto, triad, triplet, trio, troika, III, tierce, cardinal, iii Find Words which Also see:- 1. Words that start with Three 2. Vowel only words 3. consonant only words 4. 7 Letter words 5. Words with J 6. Words with Z 7. Words with X 8. Words with Q 9. Words that start with Q 10. Words that start with Z 11. Words that start with F 12. Words that start with X Word Finder Tools 1. Scrabble finder 2. Words with friends finder 3. Anagram Finder 4. Crossword Solver Words made from adding one letter at the End of three threep threes Words made after changing Last letter with any other letter in three Note There are 2 vowel letters and 3 consonant letters in the word three. T is 20th, H is 8th, R is 18th, E is 5th, Letter of Alphabet series.
Bagpipe, Ukulele and More Online Now The bagpipe, an instrument usually associated with Celtic music, is in fact of Greek origin, even Egyptian. It then spread to Europe through Roman civilization. It would not have arrived in Scotland until the ninth century. It is also found in other folklores that have nothing Celtic (Gascogne, Auvergne, etc.). On the other hand, it disappeared from Welsh music in the 19th century, and we no longer know any copy of the instrument, as for the Norman bagpipes. Along with the ut kilts for men the bagpipes were used in Scotland also. • The harp, symbol of Ireland, is very present in Irish and Welsh myths. • Archaisms, such as the use of pentatonic scales, can give ideas about the Celtic music of antiquity. The Oldest Traces The oldest traces of folklore known in Celtic-speaking countries date back to the Middle Ages. The first playable score, the Pennlyn manuscript, dates from the 17th century. At that time, the destruction of clan society in Ireland and Scotland by the English led to the disappearance of court music in favor of popular music. New instruments, such as the violin, are emerging. From the eighteenth century, the fashion for collecting popular tunes by scholars allows us to have a broad overview of traditional music of that time; Edward Bunting in Ireland, George Thompson in Scotland, and Théodore Hersart of La Villemarqué in Brittany have left us a legacy of the repertoire of artists of that time. The first Scottish pipe bands only appeared in the 19th century from a forced encounter with English drums. The Breton bagadoù were born in the late 1940s. From its distant origins, Celtic music has very few elements that date back to the time of Antiquity. If the archives reveal some elements on the oldest instruments used at the time such as the carnyx, the harp or the flute, other instruments are added to this list even in Roman civilization. Of all the instruments we know of Celtic music, the bagpipes are certainly a good reference since widespread in almost all countries of the world, especially in Europe, from Scotland to Ireland. Later, the English violin and drums gave a more traditional air to this music which comes from far away. Celtic music in its definition From its original characters, Celtic music is defined today as popular, learned and even traditional music. This style comes mainly from the Celtic nations and regions of the area of influence including Scotland, Galicia, Ireland, Asturias, the Isle of Man, Brittany, Cornwall and Wales. Now that there are available ukulele types on amazon you can have the smartest options of buying the bests. Celtic music is better known in certain countries which have welcomed it without reservation, such as Australia, the United States as well as all the countries formerly colonized by the Celts. • To speak of “Celtic music” (in the singular) is to evoke its ethnomusicological origin or to list its regions of origin and the population concerned. It is therefore essentially Celtic music as it was in its beginnings, with its Breton, Irish characters, etc. In this perspective, Alan Stivell is a good reference.
20 May 2014 What is a Stroke? Posted By A stroke occurs when there is an interruption of blood flow to the brain. This can cause a decrease in oxygen and result in the destruction of brain cells. Physical, emotional, and mental functions are severely affected in a stroke incident. Every patient will experience different symptoms depending on the type and location of brain injury. Private caregivers who understand the effects of strokes are able to provide high quality care to patients, and peace of mind for family members. During a stroke, if the brain is without oxygen for too long, the risk of brain damage increases. Because the brain is the center for all bodily functions, a stroke can have a variety of effects on individuals. Effects of a Stroke Stroke patients can have visual disturbances and loss of vision. Their sleep patterns can be disrupted, causing further discomfort during post-stroke treatment. Muscles can be paralyzed and effect a variety of body systems. Cognitive and emotional effects can take their toll on patients and their families. Depression and memory loss are common results of strokes. Patients often struggle with an inability to communicate or understand others. For stroke patients, having a treatment program in the home gives them familiar surroundings that can help speed the healing process. They have more comfort as they learn skills and address the physical limitations that are now present. Along with physical exercises used to restore function, basic skills must be maintained and learned to return a sense of independence in stroke patients. Our approach to care is tailored to meet the needs of the patient. By being flexible in our stroke care, we can reduce the anxiety that comes with major changes in daily lifestyle routines. This is coupled with the emotional support to help motivate patients on their path to recovery from a stroke. A stroke can leave patients severely affected for the rest of their lives. This can cause a great deal of frustration and challenges to family members who must face unexpected changes in their loved ones. Our approach to stroke care helps patients restore the independence they need to enter their lives again. C-Care staff workers are committed to providing the highest level of care to those who have suffered a stroke. We understand the effects and how to assist every individual through a comprehensive approach to help them and their loved ones. Share Us On: 0 Comment Leave a Reply Special Offer
Candida overgrowth can lead to many different kinds of food allergies or intolerances, such as allergies to gluten, dairy, yeast, soy, nightshadeplants (potatoes, tomatoes etc), nuts (peanuts, walnuts, pistace, cashew, pecan) and caffeincontaining products. Also additives and preservatives, supplements and drugs can create an allergic or intolerance reaction and therefore overgrowth of Candida. Its likely that there is both antibody mediated allergies (allergies) and non-antibodymediated reactions (intolerance). In general on this website, when we are referring to problematic substances in general, we will use the term "allergens". Chronic intestinal stress from Candida-toxins, putrefaction and related indigestion can inflame your intestinal wall and make it superreactive to irritation from antagonistic foods. In addition, the fungal form of Candida has the ability to actually penetrate the intestinal walls, damage them and cause a leakage of food substances and fecal waste into the bloodstream. This state is called the Leaky Gut Syndrome (or Intestinal Permeability), which is frequently caused by the Candida yeast and is a very specific symptom of systemic Candidainfection. For a more detailed description of allergies associated with Candidainfection checkout the "Dietary Considerations" section under the Candida Diet tab.
Helping The Poor Children After The Typhoon After the raging Typhoon Onday struck Philippines with devastating force, a University of British Columbia student assisted with a C.A.R.E. travel award traveled to one of the poorest slum areas called Navotas, located in the Metropolitan Manila region, to help the local community to raise funds to support youth education. With his innovative approach, the volunteer student mobilized the local high school and university students to share their stories and unique vision with the help of disposable cameras. He gathered the children's biographies and began a dialogue, asking them how they thought they could best be helped to achieve personal growth and achieve their life goals. Almost exclusively, the students voiced that education was the way forward. He then asked how he could practically help their education endeavors become more successful and once again they harmoniously agreed: they needed computer and internet facilities. All of their schools require a large amount of research, typing, and project preparation which are dependent on printing, computer time and use of the internet. It may or may not come as a surprise that none of these things are free in the Philippines nor provided by the schools, and these children, coming from inconceivably poor streets, often cannot afford the use of such equipment. With a weak level of education, the cycle of poverty inevitably goes on. It is this cycle which must be broken! The UBC student volunteer came back to Canada and organized a large fundraiser in the form of a photo exhibition, showcasing all the photos taken by the children and through this effort, raised enough money to build a computer centre for the children of Navotas.
Physiotherapists need their rights Dr Aqib Sagheer Physiotherapy as described by World Physiotherapy is a health care profession concerned with human function and movement and maximizing physical potential. It is concerned with identifying and maximizing quality of life and movement potential within the spheres of promotion, prevention, treatment/intervention, habilitation and rehabilitation.It uses physical approaches to promote, maintain and restore physical, psychological and social well-being, taking into account variations in health status. It is science-based, committed to extending, applying, evaluating and reviewing the evidence that underpins and informs its practice and Physiotherapists and Physical Therapists (PTs) work within a wide variety of health settings to improve a broad range of physical problems associated with different systems of the body. In particular, they treat neuromuscular (brain and nervous system), musculoskeletal (soft tissues, joints and bones), cardiovascular and respiratory systems (heart and lungs and associated physiology). Physiotherapists work autonomously, often as a member of a team with other health or social care professionals. Physiotherapy practice is characterized by reflective behaviour and systematic clinical reasoning, both contributing to and underpinning a problem-solving approach to patient-centric care. People are often referred for physiotherapy by doctors or other health and social care professionals. Increasingly, as a result of changes in health care, people are referring themselves directly to physiotherapists (first-line access) without previously seeing any other health care professional. Trends in Canada and Australia, for example, are even exploring the role of the physiotherapist within the triage system of emergency departments.Physicians like Hippocrates, and later Galenus, are believed to have been the first practitioners of physiotherapy, advocating, manual therapy techniques and hydrotherapy to treat people in 460 B.C. After the development of orthopaedics in the eighteenth century, machines like the Gymnasticon were developed to treat gout and similar diseases by the systematic exercise of the joints, similar to later developments in physiotherapy. The earliest documented origins of actual physiotherapy as a professional group date back to Per Henrik Ling “Father of Swedish Gymnastics” who founded the Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics (RCIG) in 1813 for manipulation, and exercise. In 1887, PTs were given official registration by Sweden’s National Board of Health and Welfare. Because the body of knowledge of physiotherapy is quite large, PTs tend to specialize in specific clinical areas. These include: MSK / Ortho CardiopulmonaryNeurologyPaediatrics Medicine Rheumatology Older People / Geriatrics Medical Conditions Pain Women’s Health Oncology Extended Scope Public Health Stroke is the main cause in the world for paralysis in which one side of the body become weaken and having hearing speech impairments and having difficulty in walking. A patient with a stroke needs a physiotherapist to enable him to walk make them independent by different techniques. Different hospitals in Pakistan are doing work and focuses especially on rehabilitation like Shifa international Hospital Islamabad in which physiotherapists are working in different departments like in surgical Intensive care unit orthopaedics and others. Physiotherapists enable the patients to make them independent. Physiotherapy is an important intervention that prevents and mitigates the adverse effects of prolonged bed rest and mechanical ventilation during critical illness. Rehabilitation delivered by the physiotherapist is tailored to patient needs and depends on the conscious state, psychological status and physical strength of the patient. It incorporates any active and passive therapy that promotes movement and includes mobilization. Early progressive physiotherapy, with a focus on mobility and walking whilst ventilated, is essential in minimizing functional decline. Many people especially in Pakistan are unaware of the benefits of physical therapy despite that they just want painkillers. Due to lack of awareness and not having education they are unable to know about it. In COVID 19 Physiotherapist also plays a role with other multidisciplinary teams and helped the patients to breathe and help them to move. They use different techniques for breathing for patients. 8th September is World Physical Therapy Day it is celebrated all over the world for the awareness of physical related issues. It is celebrated to raise awareness about the crucial contribution of the physical therapists and chronic pain therapies done by them to keep the people well and fit. This day marks the unity and solidarity of the global physical therapy community .it is an opportunity to recognize the work that physiotherapists do for their patients. All the importance of physiotherapists are accepted worldwide but in Pakistan, they are not having jobs many of them are jobless and having mentally stressed many students are working whole day without any salary just to gain experience but this is really discriminatory behaviour of hospitals they are paying to Medical doctors after their graduation but physiotherapist are not eligible for house job in any hospital. They do not have a council as many institutes are offering Doctor of Physical therapy degrees without meeting the criteria which will decrease the quality of education physiotherapists. I request the government to kindly take action to fulfil the HEC Criteria and form a physiotherapy council which will be the regulatory body for physiotherapists. Another thing is to study hard to improve your knowledge and skills once said Knowledge is power. Students and physiotherapists must spread awareness in your area about physical therapy and help the person who is dependent to live independently. Different students are working hard to get jobs but due to lack of vacancies and lack of importance given to physiotherapy field Fresh graduates does not have salary they are working unpaid for months to a year and earning less than labour because of discrimination and lack of Council. Seniors are not working for the welfare of students. In fact, young physiotherapists are struggling for the formation of council and jobs for physiotherapists. The trend of unpaid internships is increasing day by day fresh graduates are doing unpaid internships and some physiotherapists always try to demotivate them by insulting them that why they chose this field. In the end, I hope for the best and to be united for Jobs and rights.
4 Ways to Reduce Mycotoxin Risk Categories: HARVEST, CORN Ear infected with Aspergillus (green area) and Fusarium (white area) Entering harvest, farmers have a lot to think about, and mitigating risk at every growth stage of the crop is a challenge. One concern you may not consider until harvest is the potential impact of mycotoxins in harvested grain. Fields suffering from ear rot caused by fungi may produce mycotoxins. Types of mycotoxins Mycotoxins are a group of toxins produced by specific molds or fungi. Not all fungi produce toxins, and most fungi only produce toxins under certain environmental conditions. Mycotoxins can be present without the visible presence of a mold, and they can also remain in the plant after the mold is removed. There are 300-400 identified mycotoxins, and the most frequent toxins present in corn are fumonisin, aflatoxin and DON. Some are more common than others and vary significantly in acceptable thresholds, as well as their impact on animals consuming contaminated grain. • Produced by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus. • Most concerning of the mycotoxins due to the effects on human and animal health. • Threshold established by the FDA is 20ppb in grain and feed (0.5ppb in milk). • Most common aflatoxins are B1, B2, G1, and G2. • Produced by Fusarium verticillioides (previous name F. moniliforme). • Most common fungal disease in corn ears. • Typically identified by white to pink or salmon colored mold. • Highly correlated with insect damage on corn ears and grain. • Of particular concern to equine. Deoxynivalenol (DON): • Produced by Gibberella zeae or Fusarium graminearum. • Commonly identified by pink or reddish mold. • Not highly correlated to insect feeding. • Of particular concern to swine. Mycotoxin development Fungi that produce mycotoxins in grain commonly overwinter in plant material as sclerotia. The sclerotia germinates, distributing fungal spores into the air and soil, which move to developing plants and grain. The fungal spores enter the plant through silks or by infecting injured areas, allowing the fungus to grow on developing grain. Early fungal infection through roots can also occur. Insect damage to corn ears can predispose the developing kernels to fungal infection. Conducive environmental conditions are necessary for fungal development and mycotoxin production. High temperatures (80-100°F), humidity (85% or greater), and grain moisture (18-20% or greater) are necessary for most fungi development. Crop stressors, such as high temperatures, drought stress, flooding or low soil fertility are ideal for mycotoxin production. Aflatoxin is especially high following drought or high heat conditions. Harvest considerations Corn earworm damage and developing mold The economic impact of mycotoxins is significant. They reduce the crop value by restricting use of contaminated grain and causing rejection of unacceptable DDGs (dried distillers’ grains). Harvest moisture and handling can also influence grain infection. Higher grain moisture, improper storage, and damaged kernels may increase the likelihood of mycotoxins in the kernels. Mycotoxins can be extremely harmful to humans and animals. They’re known to disrupt DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. Mycotoxins can impair animal health, cause death, and the metabolites can be passed through animal products such as milk. Managing mycotoxins Mycotoxin management is possible. There are tools to dramatically reduce mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins. 4 proactive management options include: 1. Implementing best agronomic practices to minimize crop stress. 2. Timely fungicide application to minimize foliar disease crop stress. 3. Consider planting hybrids with Bt and Agrisure Viptera® trait insect control to reduce insect feeding damage. 4. Harvest, dry and store grain at appropriate moisture levels to further reduce mycotoxins. Photos are either the property of Syngenta or used under agreement. Syngenta hereby disclaims liability for third-party websites. Name is required Please enter a valid email address Please enter a valid zip code Sign Up Your submission has been received, thanks! You are viewing from Learn more about regions > Is this page helpful to you? How can we improve this page? (optional) Can you tell us your role in agriculture? (optional) Thanks for the feedback. We appreciate your participation
Coefficient of drag has nothing to do with size \| Know it All with Jason Cammisa \| Ep. 12 \| Hagerty Media Drag coefficient describes a car’s shape — not its size. Think of it as a coupon code that reduces or increases a car’s effective frontal area, the measure of how big the air sees it. A low Cd can make a huge difference in a vehicle’s overall aerodynamic drag. A Tesla Model X has 1.6 times the frontal area of a Lotus Elise SC, and yet its overall drag is lower. Meaning: to the air, the tiny Lotus is actually a bigger car. Watch for more colorful, humorous insights on the definition of the coefficient of drag. • 1 • / • 3
Quick Answer: How Buildings Contaminate Water Supply? How do you contaminate water supply? There are a number of ways to contaminate water: Improperly disposed of chemicals, animal wastes, pesticides, human wastes, wastes injected deep underground and naturally occurring substances all can contaminate drinking water. What can lead to contamination of a city water supply? What is water supply system in buildings? 1. Water Supply AROH THOMBRE. 2. Water supply is a provision to deliver Water to consumer with appropriate quality, quantity and pressure by public utilities, commercial organizations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes. What is a hazard associated with water? Water-related hazards like floods, droughts, pollution and related issues, are increasing in frequency and intensity almost everywhere around the globe due to population growth and effects of climate change. You might be interested: Quick Answer: How To Connect Dish Washer To Water Supply And Drain? What are the two main steps used to treat water from lakes? Filtration – the water is sprayed onto specially-prepared layers of sand and gravel. As it trickles through, smaller insoluble particles are removed. The filter beds are cleaned periodically by pumping clean water backwards through the filter. Chlorination – chlorine gas is injected into the water to sterilise it. What are the 5 steps of water treatment? What are the 10 causes of water pollution? There are many causes of water pollution, some of them are: • 1- Sewage or wastewater: The waste from households, factories, or agricultural land gets discharged into rivers or lakes. • 2- Dumping: • 3- Oil pollution: • 4- Acid rain: • 5- Industrial waste: • 1- Diseases: • 2- Ruination of the ecosystem: • 3- Eutrophication: What are the 10 effects of water pollution? • Contamination of the food chain. • Lack of potable water. • Disease. • Infant mortality. What diseases are caused by polluted water? What are the types of water in a building? Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki Greywater. Groundwater. Hot water. Mains water. What are the various types of water supply systems in buildings? There are four network types: dead end, gridiron, circular and radial systems. Investment costs for network construction (material, labour, planning for pipes and trenches) as well as maintenance costs (repair, pumping station, leakage control, preventing recontamination) are high. You might be interested: Often asked: How Long Can A Refrigerator Tube Be From The Water Supply To The Refrigerator? Which pipe is used for water supply? Water pipes can range in size from giant mains of up to 3.65 m in diameter to small 12.7 mm pipes used to feed individual outlets within a building. Materials commonly used to construct water pipes include polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cast iron, copper, steel and in older systems concrete or fired clay. Can water be a biological hazard? Unfortunately, the same water that sustains life can also be the bearer of dangerous contaminants in the form of bacteria, viruses and protozoans. These include bacteria such as toxigenic Escherichia coli and Campylobacter, viruses like Norovirus and Hepatitis E, and protozoans like Giardia and Cryptosporidium. What are the three sources of hazards? The six main categories of hazards are: • Chemical. Chemical hazards are hazardous substances that can cause harm. • Physical. • Safety. • Ergonomic. • Psychosocial. Leave a Reply
Rick Moody's The Joy And Enthusiasm Of Reading 828 Words4 Pages Rick Moody is the author of “The Joy and Enthusiasm of Reading”, an article that gives examples of factors that influenced his way of thought about reading. He elaborates on open text and how he was taught tools from his prior teachers to better understand the text. Despite what critics have said, Moody insists that there will never be a right or wrong way to read a book. Moody illustrates reading through open text which focuses on individuality where every person has a different outlook and perception of life in this generation. Individuality is a product of being and making everything in your life your own. Moody was right in this article because there isn’t a power in the world that can control how you read or how you comprehend it. He states, “You could spend a lifetime thinking about this sentence, and making it your own” (4). Every person in the world has a completely different outlook and view …show more content… Each book is a portal to a world you interpret on your own and that is usually the authors goal. I believe that reading is a worthy topic of discussion for some people in this generation because reading itself is hard to pinpoint due to the vast amount of different interpretation of readers. It may be beneficial to discuss this topic for people who were never enlightened on the stigma of reading and have an intention of possibly changing the world’s idea of reading. Especially with the lack of reading that is happening throughout this current generation. Some may argue that we, as a society, are reading more than ever due to technology. However, when saying the word “reading” out loud, I perceive it as sitting with a hard copy of More about Rick Moody's The Joy And Enthusiasm Of Reading Open Document
Javatpoint Logo Javatpoint Logo History of the Operating System Operating System The operating system is a system program that serves as an interface between the computing system and the end-user. Operating systems create an environment where the user can run any programs or communicate with software or applications in a comfortable and well-organized way. Furthermore, an operating is a software program that manages and controls the execution of application programs, software resources and computer hardware. It also helps manage the software/hardware resource, such as file management, memory management, input/ output and many peripheral devices like a disk drive, printers, etc. These are the popular operating system: Linux OS, Windows OS, Mac OS, VMS, OS/400 etc. History of the Operating System Functions of Operating System Types of Operating System 1. Batch Operating System 2. Time-Sharing Operating System 3. Embedded Operating System 4. Multiprogramming Operating System 5. Network Operating System 6. Distributed Operating System 7. Multiprocessing Operating System 8. Real-Time Operating System Batch Operating System In Batch Operating System, there is no direct interaction between user and computer. Therefore, the user needs to prepare jobs and save offline mode to punch card or paper tape or magnetic tape. After creating the jobs, hand it over to the computer operator; then the operator sort or creates the similar types of batches like B2, B3, and B4. Now, the computer operator submits batches into the CPU to execute the jobs one by one. After that, CPUs start executing jobs, and when all jobs are finished, the computer operator provides the output to the user. Time-Sharing Operating System It is the type of operating system that allows us to connect many people located at different locations to share and use a specific system at a single time. The time-sharing operating system is the logical extension of the multiprogramming through which users can run multiple tasks concurrently. Furthermore, it provides each user his terminal for input or output that impacts the program or processor currently running on the system. It represents the CPU's time is shared between many user processes. Or, the processor's time that is shared between multiple users simultaneously termed as time-sharing. History of the Operating System Embedded Operating System The Embedded operating system is the specific purpose operating system used in the computer system's embedded hardware configuration. These operating systems are designed to work on dedicated devices like automated teller machines (ATMs), airplane systems, digital home assistants, and the internet of things (IoT) devices. History of the Operating System Multiprogramming Operating System Due to the CPU's underutilization and the waiting for I/O resource till that CPU remains idle. It shows the improper use of system resources. Hence, the operating system introduces a new concept that is known as multiprogramming. A multiprogramming operating system refers to the concepts wherein two or more processes or programs activate simultaneously to execute the processes one after another by the same computer system. When a program is in run mode and uses CPU, another program or file uses I/O resources at the same time or waiting for another system resources to become available. It improves the use of system resources, thereby increasing system throughput. Such a system is known as a multiprogramming operating system. History of the Operating System Network Operating System A network operating system is an important category of the operating system that operates on a server using network devices like a switch, router, or firewall to handle data, applications and other network resources. It provides connectivity among the autonomous operating system, called as a network operating system. The network operating system is also useful to share data, files, hardware devices and printer resources among multiple computers to communicate with each other. History of the Operating System Types of network operating system • Peer-to-peer network operating system: The type of network operating system allows users to share files, resources between two or more computer machines using a LAN. History of the Operating System • Client-Server network operating system: It is the type of network operating system that allows the users to access resources, functions, and applications through a common server or center hub of the resources. The client workstation can access all resources that exist in the central hub of the network. Multiple clients can access and share different types of the resource over the network from different locations. History of the Operating System Distributed Operating system A distributed operating system provides an environment in which multiple independent CPU or processor communicates with each other through physically separate computational nodes. Each node contains specific software that communicates with the global aggregate operating system. With the ease of a distributed system, the programmer or developer can easily access any operating system and resource to execute the computational tasks and achieve a common goal. It is the extension of a network operating system that facilitates a high degree of connectivity to communicate with other users over the network. History of the Operating System Multiprocessing Operating System It is the type of operating system that refers to using two or more central processing units (CPU) in a single computer system. However, these multiprocessor systems or parallel operating systems are used to increase the computer system's efficiency. With the use of a multiprocessor system, they share computer bus, clock, memory and input or output device for concurrent execution of process or program and resource management in the CPU. Real-Time Operating System A real-time operating system is an important type of operating system used to provide services and data processing resources for applications in which the time interval required to process & respond to input/output should be so small without any delay real-time system. For example, real-life situations governing an automatic car, traffic signal, nuclear reactor or an aircraft require an immediate response to complete tasks within a specified time delay. Hence, a real-time operating system must be fast and responsive for an embedded system, weapon system, robots, scientific research & experiments and various real-time objects. Types of the real-time operating system: • Hard Real-Time System These types of OS are used with those required to complete critical tasks within the defined time limit. If the response time is high, it is not accepted by the system or may face serious issues like a system failure. In a hard real-time system, the secondary storage is either limited or missing, so these system stored data in the ROM. • Soft Real-Time System A soft real-time system is a less restrictive system that can accept software and hardware resources delays by the operating system. In a soft real-time system, a critical task prioritizes less important tasks, and that priority retains active until completion of the task. Also, a time limit is set for a specific job, which enables short time delays for further tasks that are acceptable. For example, computer audio or video, virtual reality, reservation system, projects like undersea, etc. Generations of Operating System The First Generation (1940 to early 1950s) When the first electronic computer was developed in 1940, it was created without any operating system. In early times, users have full access to the computer machine and write a program for each task in absolute machine language. The programmer can perform and solve only simple mathematical calculations during the computer generation, and this calculation does not require an operating system. The Second Generation (1955 - 1965) The first operating system (OS) was created in the early 1950s and was known as GMOS. General Motors has developed OS for the IBM computer. The second-generation operating system was based on a single stream batch processing system because it collects all similar jobs in groups or batches and then submits the jobs to the operating system using a punch card to complete all jobs in a machine. At each completion of jobs (either normally or abnormally), control transfer to the operating system that is cleaned after completing one job and then continues to read and initiates the next job in a punch card. After that, new machines were called mainframes, which were very big and used by professional operators. The Third Generation (1965 - 1980) During the late 1960s, operating system designers were very capable of developing a new operating system that could simultaneously perform multiple tasks in a single computer program called multiprogramming. The introduction of multiprogramming plays a very important role in developing operating systems that allow a CPU to be busy every time by performing different tasks on a computer at the same time. During the third generation, there was a new development of minicomputer's phenomenal growth starting in 1961 with the DEC PDP-1. These PDP's leads to the creation of personal computers in the fourth generation. The Fourth Generation (1980 - Present Day) The fourth generation of operating systems is related to the development of the personal computer. However, the personal computer is very similar to the minicomputers that were developed in the third generation. The cost of a personal computer was very high at that time; there were small fractions of minicomputers costs. A major factor related to creating personal computers was the birth of Microsoft and the Windows operating system. Microsoft created the first window operating system in 1975. After introducing the Microsoft Windows OS, Bill Gates and Paul Allen had the vision to take personal computers to the next level. Therefore, they introduced the MS-DOS in 1981; however, it was very difficult for the person to understand its cryptic commands. Today, Windows has become the most popular and most commonly used operating system technology. And then, Windows released various operating systems such as Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows XP and the latest operating system, Windows 7. Currently, most Windows users use the Windows 10 operating system. Besides the Windows operating system, Apple is another popular operating system built in the 1980s, and this operating system was developed by Steve Jobs, a co-founder of Apple. They named the operating system Macintosh OS or Mac OS. Advantages of Operating System • It is helpful to monitor and regulate resources. • It can easily operate since it has a basic graphical user interface to communicate with your device. • It is used to create interaction between the users and the computer application or hardware. • The performance of the computer system is based on the CPU. • The response time and throughput time of any process or program are fast. • It can share different resources like fax, printer, etc. • It also offers a forum for various types of applications like system and web application. Disadvantage of the Operating System • It allows only a few tasks that can run at the same time. • It any error occurred in the operating system; the stored data can be destroyed. • It is a very difficult task or works for the OS to provide entire security from the viruses because any threat or virus can occur at any time in a system. • An unknown user can easily use any system without the permission of the original user. • The cost of operating system costs is very high. Next TopicTypes of OS Youtube For Videos Join Our Youtube Channel: Join Now Help Others, Please Share facebook twitter pinterest Learn Latest Tutorials Trending Technologies B.Tech / MCA
Documenting Life The Days of the Dead are celebrated in many Latin American countries but nowhere to the extent they are in Mexico. The traditions surrounding the Mexican Day of the Dead, its history throughout the past thousands of years, and its meaning for us today are complex and worthy of many hours of study and discussion. El Día de los Muertos (also referred to as el dia de muertos, dias de los muertos, and todos santos) in Mexico is a joyous and sacred time, a time to welcome the souls of the dead; it is a celebration in which the living and the dead are joined if even for a short while. In some ways it is a triumph over death and therefore becomes a celebration of life. Deceased loved ones are given back to families and friends if only for a brief time. If in Mexico at the beginning of November, you will not be able to escape the festivities as it is a national holiday.
Tangier Island is a three-mile-long fishhook-shaped piece of land in the middle of Chesapeake Bay. It has always been a community set apart from the mainland. Though Tangier is just 19 kilometers (12 miles) off the shore of Virginia, the island's residents chose not to join the rest of the state as members of the Confederacy when the United States Civil War broke out in 1861. More recently, in the late 1990s, Tangier's town council voted against allowing the movie Message in a Bottle to be filmed on the island. Council members objected to the presence of swearing, sex, and drinking in the script. These days, the island has 500-plus residents, who have managed to retain a great deal of their traditional culture. They mostly use golf carts as transportation on the village's narrow roads and don't allow alcohol in public places. Louder and Longer Vowels Probably the most striking example of their heritage is the islanders' unique way of speaking. Tangier residents pronounce many common English words in an unusual way and use words and expressions that are understood only by islanders. In addition, islanders employ a curious way of communicating that they refer to as "talking backwards." David L. Shores, author of the 2000 book Tangier Island: Place, People and Talk, is a linguist who was born on Tangier Island. He has pinpointed the reason why the speech of Tangier Island strikes outsiders as odd. "The vowel system is quite different," Shores said. "I mean, it's English—you can understand the people—but they have a tendency to prolong a vowel." According to Shores, the islanders pronounce their vowels louder and longer, which causes common words to sound different when uttered by Tangier natives. "If you would take the words 'pull' and 'Paul,' they would pronounce those the same way," he said. "It's not Elizabethan English" Before European colonists arrived to Tangier, Native Americans lived there for centuries. Captain John Smith, the English soldier and explorer, landed there in 1608. European settlers may have lived there since 1686. Some scholars believe its inhabitants speak an old form of English that goes back to the time of Queen Elizabeth I, who ruled England from 1558 to 1603. Shores doesn't buy into that theory. "It's not Elizabethan English by any means," he said. "I doubt if anyone could trace it to that," because the varieties of English "at that time were great." Bruce Gordy is a Tangier native and a former teacher at the island's only school. He has put together a list of 350 expressions and words that he said are used and understood only by islanders. It includes the word "wudget" for a "big wad of money" and the expression "in the sweet peas" to mean that someone is asleep. "On the mainland, if somebody has a bicycle and they get a flat tire, then they have a flat tire," he said. "Well, all of our lives growing up here, and even as adults, if somebody has a flat tire, they don't say that. They say 'my bike's bust.' It's just an expression we use here amongst ourselves." Here, People Eat "Spar Grass" There are also a few words that are rooted in older forms of English. Instead of "asparagus," Tangier people say "spar grass," which Gordy said came from the Colonial English "sparrow grass." Yet Gordy doesn't think it's the strange vocabulary that puzzles outsiders most when hearing Tangier residents speak. "I think what confuses them is not so much the expressions or terms," he said. "It's the fact that we are 'talking backwards' a lot." He offers an example. "If somebody's stupid, you know what I say?" Gordy said. "He's smart. I'm saying he's smart, but the way I say it and the emphasis makes everyone know I'm emphasizing he's stupid." Gordy compares "talking backwards" to saying something sarcastically. "If you want to emphasize how deeply the thing should be expressed, you say it with sarcasm," he said. Isolated Island Both Gordy and Shores believe Tangier's isolation has led to the islanders' unique way of speaking. "I think it's the same way with your Welsh, your Ulster Scots, the Cornish people, the Irish people, and so on," Shores said. "Here you have these communities that people came to early, but they have just been isolated. They have retained features that have passed out of Virginia speech." For generations, many islanders have supported themselves through crabbing and fishing. However, in recent years the bay's crab and oyster populations have dropped steeply, and as a result more and more residents are working on tugboats or on the mainland. Gordy fears this could have devastating effects on the islanders' way of life, including their speech. Tangier's unique characteristics are "all tied to the water" and residents' intense focus on the island and its surrounding area, he said. "That was what our whole life was. Of course the sons and daughters went with their dad out crabbing. You don't go with your dad on the tugboat. That's not going to preserve Tangier culture." Unique Speak Marshes dominate the landscape of Tangier Island. plant with long shoots eaten as a vegetable. Chesapeake Bay Civil War to put together. process of using goods and services. people and culture native to Cornwall, England. to come from a specific source or origin. having to do with the reign or time period of Elizabeth I of England (1558-1603). Elizabeth I (1533-1603) queen of England. Also called the Virgin Queen and Good Queen Bess. to catch or harvest fish. cultural or family background. specific to a particular language or dialect. state of being alone or separated from a community. person who studies language. member of a Protestant religion. to darken or partially block. to fall sharply. mocking language. habit or predictable way of behaving. movement of people or goods from one place to another. small boat with a strong engine used to push or pull much larger ships. Ulster Scot people and culture descended from colonists from southern Scotland and northern England who settled in Ireland in the 17th century. to say. letter that can be pronounced in long (the letter's name) or short form. There are five vowels in English: A, E, I, O, U people and culture native to Wales.
Walk the talk by . 45 - 90 Let your participants enjoy fresh air while talking about serious topics Use this method for building trust, connecting participants, letting them analyse a problem or create first ideas/solutions. Start by explaining the advantages of thinking while moving. Then explain that the next step is to walk in pairs and discuss the current question. Suggest that half of the time is participant A speaking and on the way back Participant B. Write down the question, e.g.: ∙ How (dis)satisfied am I with the current situation? ∙ What are my current most important (leadership) challenges/questions? Explain what the participants should bring back as a result. Remind the participants to take a picture of the focus question before they leave the room. Another way to use the Walk the talk: provide participants with the focus question (similar to the above). Ask them to bring back an inspiration (e.g. something from the nature or a foto of it). Debrief how the inspiration outside helped them to answer the focus question. Comments (0)
What’s Cyclical Unemployment? Unemployment in Germany reached almost 30% of the workforce after the Great Depression. Official Estimates are decided by a mix of knowledge from one or more of the opposite three methods. The use of this method has been declining in favor of labour surveys. There are also other ways nationwide statistical agencies measure unemployment. The variations could restrict the validity of international comparisons of unemployment information. cyclical unemployment Some of the main types of unemployment embrace structural unemployment, frictional unemployment, cyclical unemployment, involuntary unemployment and classical unemployment. Structural unemployment focuses on foundational problems within the economy and inefficiencies inherent in labor markets, including a mismatch between the supply and demand of laborers with essential talent sets. Structural arguments emphasize causes and solutions related to disruptive applied sciences and globalization. Causes and solutions for frictional unemployment usually address job entry threshold and wage rates. What’s A Cyclical Unemployment Instance? As a end result, unemployment would persist even when a recession has ended, and the nation returns to steady economic progress. Structural unemployment can result in employees falling into poverty or earning much less earnings as they take jobs that pay far less than their previous jobs. ] of provide-facet policies consider these insurance policies can solve the issue by making the labour market extra versatile. These embrace removing the minimum wage and reducing the power of unions. Supply-siders argue that their reforms increase long-time period growth by reducing labour prices. The financial progress stabilizes for some time & then starts to decline. In this part of the business cycle, total economic activity increase which represents the spike within the overall demand & client starts shopping for more gadgets. Hence, this leads to an general drop within the unemployment rate in an economic system & general GDP progress price increases. About 25,000,000 folks on the earth’s 30 richest countries misplaced their jobs between the top of 2007 and the top of 2010, because the financial downturn pushed most nations into recession. Flavio Briatore Check In Along With Your Apple Id
Atopic eczema \| Sickness Finder Atopic eczema Atopic eczema Description of atopic eczema There are several different opinions as to which group of diseases include atopic eczema. Many believe that it is a skin disease,while others insist that it is a genetic aberration, and the third group is of the opinion that it is a disease of the immune character. In reality, all theories of something. Atopic eczema is a disease that genetically, resulting in a pathological immune response that manifests itself on the skin. It is a very common disease which affects about 20% of children and about 6% of adults. In the Czech Republic accounted for around 10% of the population. It is often accompanied by other allergic diseases such as asthma, hay fever, allergic conjunctivitis, urticaria, et al. Which is referred to as atopic syndrome. It has a long-term course with repeated new infections. The emergence and development of this disease is very individual. Causes of the outbreak or worsening of eczema are three. The first is exaggerated pathological immune response to a particular allergen. Furthermore, cutaneous insufficiency given atypical production of skin lipids, which are unable to bind water and thus the skin is dry and thin, and allows permeation of different allergens. A third reason may be tuned nervous system. That fact causes increased itching, skin irritation and sensitivity with regard to the psychological state of the individual. Difficult life situations, stress and dissatisfaction lead to increased incidence of seeding, frequent scratching and overall deterioration. Risk factors for atopic eczema To calm atopic dermatitis, it is necessary to trace allergens that cause deterioration. These substances are then trying to avoid. Generally advises limiting long bath in hot and cold water, not to wear woolen clothes and avoid sweating, unless the possibility of a subsequent shower. It is important to exclude allergens from the living areas, which are mostly hiding in carpets, duvets and domestic animals. Frequent provoking factors are dust mites, dust, pollen, feathers, bacteria and other aggressive substances. Also known are various forms of food allergy. Atopikům is usually recommended to enjoy dairy products, eggs, irritating foods, soy, chocolate and delightful vegetables and fruits. But this is only a recommendation, since food allergy is highly specific and it is for each to reveal what causes it. Deterioration is also typically occurs in spring and autumn due to weather conditions. Prevention of atopic eczema As the great merit of the disease have a genetic predisposition, there is no truly effective prevention exists. If you suffer from this disease both parents are likely to develop eczema in the offspring of about 80%. If eczema only one parent, this probability is about 55%. Affected but may be children no ancestors with similar diseases do not. An important role is played by the interplay of internal and external environmental factors and the intensity of provocation. If at least one parent is atopic, it is recommended to avoid breastfeeding especially food allergens andbreastfeed for at least 6 months. You should then feed the baby with hydrolyzed milk products and the transition to solid foods to add new foods with sufficient time between observation because of possible allergic reactions that cause deterioration in a child, and which you should avoid later. Signs and symptoms of atopic eczema Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease, manifested by dry skin, redness, swelling anditching. However, it may go into the mold weeping pimples, where the risk of infection substantially greater. Usually appears in infancy and adulthood disappear. Symptoms vary depending on what form of eczema occurs. We have three forms, namely infant, child and adult form. Infant form of atopic eczema Usually occurs around the third month of birth. Manifests red pimples up with blisters or scaly skin weeping on the cheeks, chin, chest, legs or head. Eczema is a very itchy and uncomfortable for kids. Infants are restless and often wakes from sleep. Children form of atopic eczema In this period already starts eczema imposition of a typical occurrence. Ie., That occurs in the elbow and popliteal wells under the buttocks, respectively. the hands and feet. Eczema is starting to show some degree of disability. From the rough, dry skin can very easily go through the oozing blisters stains and then the crackling scales. Around the seventh year of age is about 50% of eczema heal. The form of atopic eczema in adults This kind either persists from childhood, or may occur in adulthood. Lesion are similar child form, rarely can also be affected by skin of the face and neck. Treatment of atopic eczema Among the principles of successful treatment are mainly an effort to eliminate known allergens, ie.create around hypoallergenic environment. In residential areas should be vacuumed frequently, remove carpets, feather duvets and pillows and other dust catchers. These are the animals with fur and feathers, the most aggressive allergens from cats and rodents. Furthermore, in the areas where they live atopic, not smoking, not even off the stove, and irritating acts and fumes, eg. Of paint. It is therefore important regular and adequate ventilation. Atopic should not be used in conventional products daily care products and cosmetics, but theproducts designed for people with sensitive skin. Soaps, detergents, lotions, etc. should always be on the skin causing atopic considerate and their use should not occur deterioration. To a warm bath can add special oils and immediately thereafter should apply treatment creams that keep the skin hydrated. Topical therapy consists in maintaining friendly hygienic regime. It is recommended to spray warm water, and the very long time (about 3 minutes is sufficient). It is advisable to wear cotton clothes that are airy and prevent sweating. Since intractable itching may also help cool compresses or cold cream and night are advised to wear cotton gloves. The treatment is not thorough lubrication promašťujícími lotions, creams, ointments or bath oil. Pruritic manifestations partially prevents antihistamines and besides doctors usually prescribelocal corticosteroids. These are the most efficient part of the treatment because they have very strong anti-inflammatory effects. Unfortunately, however, even these hormones are not without side effects. When an incorrect dosage of corticosteroids can cause cataracts, skin atrophy with enlargement of blood vessels, creation of hirsutism and others. This can be avoided by following certain principles. Usually it is recommended not to use steroids never more times than 1 day for 4 days. After the improvements we’re working with them applying to recede until it is completely’re planting. Treatment with corticosteroids is merely local, i.e., that corticoids ointment is applied only to the affected area, and use only the necessary amount of the product. Corticosteroids have a preventive effect, as many people think, and their use is required prescription by a doctor. Do not take these medicines without the advice of a dermatologist, because only he will prescribe the means that are most suitable for you. Cortisone is in fact a huge amount and it is advisable to use only drugs such power, which is enough to cope with the disease, never stronger! New in the treatment of atopic eczema are local immunomodulators in the form of creams and ointments. They are currently only in cases where conventional treatment fails. Another advantage of these drugs is that so far there were no adverse effects. Therefore, it is recommended even for long term use and they can even prevent new výsevům eczema. “The skin is a reflection of your soul.” This statement is proof that the psychological state of the individual has a similar disease course a huge impact. So if you have mental health problems, do not hesitate to visit a dermatologist or psychosomatic psychologist. Treatment with psychotherapy has proven benefits to alleviate atopic symptoms. In addition to the above treatments are recommended daily spa and seaside stays. Part of the treatment may be phototherapy, which is by exposing the skin to UV rays from artificial sources. It takes place in special departments under supervision. With housework, wear protective gloves (rubber outside and inside cotton). You should choose wisely and your profession. The working environment should be dust-free , with little irritants without much pollution and the need for frequent cleaning. Just as it is appropriate to collect and hobbies include between inappropriate. Cooking, animal husbandry, gardening, etc. Also for atopic vacation it is extremely important. Suitable are stays at sea, but also in the mountains at high altitudes. How can I help myself Once you experience some of the symptoms of eczema, it is advisable to seek a dermatologist’s office. Even before the examination but you can help yourself CHC resources and all of the above treatment methods with the exception of corticosteroid. Each atopic should also look for allergens, which cause him difficulties. Complications of atopic eczema The most common complications are the result of stubborn scratches that break the skin barrier and allow penetration of various infections. E.g. secondary bacterial infection caused byStaphylococcus aureus, herpes infection (herpes simplex), warts, and others. Atopic eczema may also significantly complicated by associating diseases such as asthma, hay fever, urticaria, etc. • How can atopic eczema? • Atopic eczema – club • What do you proved to atopic eczema in children? • Atopic eczema – cream without steroids? Other names: atopic dermatitis, eczema, eczema atopicum Share your experience:
3. How the Recording and Playback Chain Affect each other Now that we have established a framework with the Sound Hierarchy we can take a closer look at the relationships between the recording and playback chain, and how the system components rely on each other to produce the intended result. Listening to a great playback system with poor quality software or a great recording with an inadequate audio system defeats the purpose of obtaining the maximum quality result. Recording live music in True Stereo gives us an inherent advantage by better preserving the dynamic, harmonic, and spatial relationships increasing the potential for the maximum playback benefits. Keep in mind that the overall system is always limited to the quality of the source component. The limitations of the software derived from the recording side have often limited our ability to characterize the overall qualities of the playback system. Most recordings do not offer what True Stereo can achieve, multi-microphone techniques compress and smear the time elements, harmonics are created with EQ and reverb, adding to the overall distortion and limited spatial qualities. That being said the vast majority of music will never be recorded in our ideal sense. The fact that most musicians are not capable of playing live, let alone have something to say in such context, makes these types of recordings rare and limited. The recording industry seems in general most interested in creating recordings that impress listeners on cheap playback systems. This is the way of the world and it is unlikely to change. As technology advances with more convenience and features often the playback capabilities are degraded or ignored. Many people feel that the LP is still the best, most musical playback medium for consumer use. The line between musicality and inherent accuracy can be confused; in the end what gives us the most involvement from the artist’s message will persuade us. The ability to hear through the playback system is often skewed because the quality of the recording limits its capabilities. The use of audio components such as some tube designs can add warmth, but at the same time sacrifice transparency from really good recordings. Frequently audio components can create a pleasant form of compression, but don’t get quiet enough to hear all the nuances. When recordings such as True Stereo are employed the ability to hear the sonic limitations of the audio components can become more easily identifiable. A really good playback system will sound different with every recording showing how wonderful the good ones are, and how awful the bad ones can be. Many so called audiophile systems create a result which makes every recording sound acceptable, but at the expense of real clarity and ultimate transparency. If the system has depth on all recordings it is unlikely real, but a derived effect. Most speakers are designed for the showroom not the home. Adding bass and treble in specific areas to give the wow effect. The use of True Stereo recordings will quickly show you the limits of these systems. I believe a system should be able to play all types of music, good and bad recordings and still be musically acceptable. A system that is reasonably precise tonally, has low distortion and most importantly good transient character (be able to get quiet) will in the end be more listenable and informative. In the real world the average recording is often the limiting factor making the assembling of a playback system much more subjective than it really ought to be. Developing a reference point with the support of musically accurate recordings (True Stereo) will no doubt aid us in this task. Ken Christianson, Pro Musica, Chicago posted on: 2011/09/14 * 12. True Stereo in Perspective * 11. Room & Boundary Effects for Playback Systems * 10. Instrument Positioning & Room Manipulations * 9. Choosing a Space-Acoustical Considerations * 8. Troubleshooting True Stereo Sound show all Post Categories: * All * Studies
Take the ISO 14001 course exam and get the ISO 9001 course exam for free • (0) ISO 14001 Blog ISO 14001 Monitoring & measurement equipment control ISO 14001 requirements for monitoring and measuring equipment are very short, but this important element is often underrated. Clause 4.5.1 of ISO 14001 discusses how an organization needs to establish, implement, and maintain procedures to monitor and measure the key characteristics that can have a significant environmental impact. The final part of this requirement identifies that calibrated or verified monitoring and measurement equipment is to be used for these measurements. With so few requirements, it helps to have some practical ideas on how to meet them, and this is what I’ll try to provide in this article. What needs to be monitored & measured? To start with, what do you need to monitor and measure per the ISO 14001 requirements for your environmental management system (EMS)? Everything is linked back to the identification and classification of environmental aspects in clause 4.3.1 of ISO 14001, which are the ways that the processes of your organization interact with the environment. After going through all of your processes and seeing what interactions exist with the environment, you need to identify which have significant impacts. In short, this is up to your judgment. For instance, if you have a fume hood for chemical usage that vents outside of your building, you will have identified that you have an environmental aspect of air emissions, but this does not mean it is significant. If you use your fume hood very rarely, and only for cleaning with a small amount of isopropyl alcohol, then the amount of this very benign chemical that is being released is small. This would not be significant. If, on the other hand, you use your fume hood daily to vent the exhaust from a process that creates cyanide gas, then this air emission is something you would deem significant and need to control. For a better understanding of environmental aspects and evaluating significance, please see 4 steps in identification and evaluation of environmental aspects. How do you need to control your monitoring & measurement equipment? When you think about the need for controls in processes with significant aspects, it is easy to see why you would want to make sure that your measurements are correct. If you have a significant chemical process, as described above, your control may be to have a filter to capture the cyanide, and measure the level of cyanide in the resultant air after filtration, to ensure the filter is working. If this is what you are doing to prevent the significant aspect from becoming an environmentally toxic leak, then you will want to make sure your measurement device is working properly. In other words, that it is calibrated and verified. What is calibration? Calibration is a process where you compare measurements between those taken by a device under review and a known good measurement. The known good measurement is the standard. When you calibrate a unit you make the comparison with the known good measurement, and if the device matches the correct measurement, then the device is considered in calibration. This device can then be used and safeguarded for damage, adjustment, or tampering so that it remains correct, and you can then use the device until the next required calibration due date. If you have a calibration system for other equipment in your organization, the equipment for ISO 14001 monitoring and measurement can be controlled in the same way; a new system is not required. Some devices will change so often that calibration is not possible. These devices need to be verified before use. In the case of the chemical measurement, you might have a meter that is tested with a gas that contains a known concentration of cyanide before use. If the meter reads the correct measurement, then you can use it, but if not it needs to be adjusted or corrected prior to use. In this case, the container of known concentration should be calibrated at regular intervals to ensure that it remains correct. What needs to be documented? While you do not need documents for every process and procedure you have, it is important to make sure that any monitoring and measurement requirements are documented, including the information needed to perform the measurement such as the expected values and the equipment to use. In this way, you can make sure that these important measurements are carried out consistently between employees, ensuring that your significant environmental aspects do not become environmental incidents. As always, records of the calibration or verification are needed to demonstrate that you have done this important activity, and they can be invaluable tools for investigation should a problem happen. It is good to remind ourselves that you do not need to monitor and measure everything, only those things that are significant. By approaching this requirement thoughtfully and considerately, you can ensure that you do not go overboard with your monitoring and measurement – which could cost significant time and resources to maintain. Use your resources wisely. Use this free ISO 14001 Gap Analysis Tool to check whether you are compliant with ISO 14001 requirements for monitoring and measurement. Advisera Mark Hammar Mark Hammar
Asked by: Charleen Furst asked in category: General Last Updated: 30th May, 2020 What instruments are examples of the classification Idiophone? Almost all percussion instruments are idiophones - with the exception of drums, which are membranophones. Examples include cymbals, woodblocks, triangles, glockenspiels, xylophones, bells, gongs, rattles, guiros, clavés and many more. Click to see full answer. Just so, what is an example of an Idiophone? An idiophone is a type of musical instrument that makes sound from the material of the instrument itself. They do not use reeds, strings or resonators. Most percussion instruments that are not drums are idiophones. Examples of idiophones include the triangle, wood block, maracas, bell, and gong. Also, how are instruments classified? Instruments are classified using 5 different categories depending on the manner in which the instrument creates the sound: Idiophones, Membranophones, Chordophones, Aerophones, & Electrophones. Likewise, people ask, what are the types of Idiophone? What are the 5 classifications of instruments? A Sound Classification The H-S system divides all musical instruments into five categories: idiophones, membranophones, chordophones, aerophones, and electrophones. 35 Related Question Answers Found Is a drum an Idiophone? What does an Idiophone sound like? What is Chordophones and examples? What are the examples of Membranophones? What pitch is a triangle? What is a maraca made out of? Is a piano a Idiophone? Which instrument is considered an Aerophone? How many different types of instruments are there? What is ethnographic classification? How many different musical instruments are there? What do you mean by percussion? What is Idiophone Membranophone? What is Membranophone and examples?
Asked by: Lou Mutu asked in category: General Last Updated: 20th February, 2020 What is an example of dispositional attribution? Example 1: Suppose a student fails her examination. Her parents assume that she did not pay enough attention in her studies. This is a dispositional attribution. Example 2: John slips and drops beer on Rachel's new carpet. Rachel gets furious over the carelessness of John. Click to see full answer. Consequently, what is an example of a dispositional attribution and a situational attribution? Dispositional attribution is when we perceive an event to be caused by an internal factor, while situational attribution is when we perceive an event as caused by an external factor. An example of situational attribution is when we blame the weather for being late to work. One may also ask, what is dispositional attribution in psychology? Dispositional attribution is a poorly understood phenomenon in personality psychology that is thought to explain human behavior at the level of an individual social actor. Another term for dispositional attribution is internal attribution, or inferring that personal factors are the cause of an event or behavior. what are examples of situational attribution? In an external, or situational, attribution, people infer that a person's behavior is due to situational factors. Example: Maria's car breaks down on the freeway. If she believes the breakdown happened because of her ignorance about cars, she is making an internal attribution. What are the types of attribution? An attribution is the reason a person gives for why an event happened. When we look at other people's behaviors, there are two main types of attributions: situational and dispositional. Situational attributions basically say that a person's actions are due to the situation that they are in. 34 Related Question Answers Found What is the difference between situational attribution and dispositional attribution? What are dispositional characteristics? What is a dispositional explanation? What is the process of attribution? What is accidental Behaviour? What does it mean to give attribution? What are the three determinants of attribution? What factors influence attribution? What is situational Behaviour? What does situational attribution mean? What is an example of attribution bias? What are self serving attributions and why do people make them? What is Deindividuation in psychology? What is Kelley's covariation model?
Immigrant religions in local society historical and contemporary perspectives in the city of Turku by Tuomas Martikainen Publisher: Åbo Akademis Förlag in Åbo Written in English Published: Pages: 288 Downloads: 23 Share This • Immigrants -- Finland -- Turku -- Religion, • Immigrants -- Religious life -- Finland -- Turku, • Turku (Finland) -- Emigration and immigration -- History Edition Notes Includes bibliographical references (p. 266-286). StatementTuomas Martikainen. LC ClassificationsJV8192 .M37 2004 The Physical Object Paginationxix, 288 p. : Number of Pages288 ID Numbers Open LibraryOL19725351M ISBN 109517651791, 9517651805 Other religions. Followers of Islam, the Baha'i Faith, Hinduism and Judaism are largely immigrants located in urban areas. According to the US State department, Islam forms about 2% of the population, while 2% of the population is Muslim according to the CIA Fact book, and the Official Government state it is less than %. The immigrant cultures in town became better integrated as time went by; eventually, approximately 20% of the workers in the cigar industry were Italian Americans. The tradition of local Italian-owned groceries continued, however, and a handful of such businesses founded in the late s were still operating into the 21st century. This report describes fora in April and March that explored the intersection of religion, migration, and foreign policy. The first event explored the role that religion plays in defining the interconnections between immigrants' countries of origin and destination, including immigrants' role in defining the relationships between their host country and the country of origin. Part One of a Gazette timeline: As debate over Bill 21 rages, Andy Riga takes a step back in time to track the evolution of religious faiths — and controversies — in Quebec. Religion and the Founding of the American Republic America as a Religious Refuge: The Seventeenth Century, Part 1 that uniformity of religion must exist in any given society. This conviction rested on the belief that there was one true religion and that it was the duty of the civil authorities to impose it, forcibly if necessary, in the. Savannah, Charleston, Philadelphia, New York, and Newport each had one synagogue that assumed responsibility for the religious and communal needs of all local Jews. The American Revolution marked a turning point not only in American Jewish history, but in modern Jewish history generally. German immigrants from Pommern often went to Wisconsin. Large numbers also settled in Illinois, Minnesota, and other Midwest states. Immigrants from the Palatine area usually settled in Pennsylvania. The book below describes the history and process of migrating from Germany to the United States. The positive and negative effects religion has had on American society is the focus of a new book, American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us, by Notre Dame political scientist David Campbell and Robert Putnam of Harvard , who was Campbell’s doctoral adviser at Harvard, also is the author of the widely acclaimed book Bowling Alone, about the collapse and revival. From to the number of foreigners entering the United States numbered million. From through , nearly 9 million more arrived. The impact must be considered in light of the fact that at the close of the Civil War, the nation’s population was just over 30 million. Irish and German immigration had begun prior to the Civil War. German immigration exceeded the Irish by the. Religious pluralism is an attitude or policy regarding the diversity of religious belief systems co-existing in society. Religious pluralism is sometimes used as a synonym for interfaith dialogue. Interfaith dialogue refers to dialogue between members of different religions for the goal of reducing conflicts between their religions and to. Immigrant religions in local society by Tuomas Martikainen Download PDF EPUB FB2 Richard Alba is Distinguished Professor of Sociology at City University of New York and is the author of many books, including (with Victor Nee) Remaking the American Mainstream: Assimilation and Contemporary Immigration and Ethnic Identity: The Transformation of White America.5/5(2). Religion, once a neglected topic in migration studies, is today seen as a crucially important aspect of the immigrant experience. For some - particularly those focusing on religion in North America - religion has been portrayed as a vital resource for many immigrants engaged in the essential identity work required in adjusting to the receiving Cited by: 9. Get this from a library. Immigrant religions in local society: historical and contemporary perspectives in the city of Turku. [Tuomas Martikainen]. [[ Pdf ]] ↶ Immigrant Religions in Local Society: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives in the City of Turku ⇳ PDF eBook or Kindle ePUB free Posted on 06 May 25 May By Tuomas MartikainenAuthor: Tuomas Martikainen. Religion has played a crucial role in American immigration history as an institutional resource for migrants' social adaptation, as a map of meaning for interpreting immigration experiences, and as a continuous force for expanding the national ideal of pluralism. To explain these processes the editors of this volume brought together the perspectives of leading scholars of migration and religion. For junior/senior-level courses in Religion and Society in departments of Sociology and Religious Studies. Using an unbiased, balanced approach, the 8th edition of this text puts religion in its social context by discussing the impact of society on religion and helps students understand the role and function of religion in society that occur regardless of anyone's claims/5. immigrants have entered the United States since Though this is impressive and has been influential in modern American society, it is still less dramatic than the nineteenth-century immigration, given the current total United States popula-tion of million people. Whereas the percentage of foreign-born immigrants in. A larger number profess no religion. A few practice indigenous religions. But most are Christian. This means that the new immigrants represent not the de-Christianization of American society but the de-Europeanization of American Christianity. The religious sites built by Muslims, Hindus and Buddhists are surely a dramatic presence. Rights: “Religious liberty, or freedom of conscience, is a basic and inalienable right founded on the inviolable dignity of the a society as religiously diverse as the United States, it is essential that schools emphasize that the rights guaranteed by the Constitution are for citizens of all faiths and none.”. The United States stands out among developed nations for its high degree of religiosity. Compared with people in other wealthy nations, Americans are far more likely to profess a religion and to attend services regularly (Baker ; Hamilton and Form ).Historical studies of immigration recognized this fact and explicitly incorporated religion into accounts of immigrant adaptation and Cited by: (shelved 2 times as religion-and-society) avg rating — 37, ratings — published Many immigrants come from countries where a relatively homogeneous religious culture is supported by the state or society (or both), and in which one's civic identity is equated with one's religious identity. Others, coming from secular or atheistic countries, have a hard time understanding the sheer vitality and multiplicity of American religious life, and its impact on our political, social, and cultural life. In chapter 3 of Bruce Lawrence’s book, one of the points that I found most interesting was that immigrants, no matter what their race or religion, are often considered a single group. Despite their differences, they are automatically viewed as a lesser group that is separate from the rest of the American public. Immigrants and Religion. Religious considerations affect the decision to immigrate as well as the choice of destination country, and religious behaviors change as immigrants adjust to the economic context of their new country. This paper considers the interaction between the Economics of Religion Author: Carmel U. Chiswick, Carmel U. Chiswick. The diversity of religions across cultures. Religion, gender, and sexuality. How religions contribute to the maintenance of social order. Religious beliefs and practices, and why they change. What part religions play in cultural and social transformation. The role of religions File Size: 2MB. Immigrants from Latin American are mostly Catholics, and they profess o full devotion to the teachings of Jesus and the devotion of Mother Mary. Immigrants from Asia (China, Japan, Korea) profess diverse eastern religions such as Buddhism or Confucianism. People from Europe follow Protestant religious teachings, meanwhile, people from Africa follow diverse religions of their own communities. African Immigrant Religions in America focuses on new understandings and insights concerning the presence and relevance of African immigrant religious communities in the United States. It explores the profound significance of religion in the lives of immigrants and the relevance of these growing communities for U.S. social by: Volume 11 /1 issue per volume (autumn) Aims & Scope. Religion and Society: Advances in Research responds to the need for a rigorous, in-depth review of current work in the expanding sub-discipline of the anthropology of religion. In addition, this important, peer-reviewed annual aims to provide a dynamic snapshot of developments in the study of religion as a whole and encourages. Religion & Illegal Immigration It is the U.S. taxpayer who bears the brunt of the cost of "welcoming" new immigrants, not religious groups. In fact, Catholic Charities gets much of its money from the U.S. government (taxpayers), not from its parishioners. Fellow Christians, it is not a sin to want our local, state, or federal. Education and ReligionCase Study: Religion in Public Schools Parents have the primary responsibility of caring for their children and they often share religious worship with their children. By common belief, failing to educate a child to fully participate in society constitutes harm, so the government requires children to attend Size: 5MB. At least African immigrant congregations can be found in New York City alone. The greater Washington area is home to an estimatedEthiopians, many of whom worship in 35 different. African Immigrant Religions in America, edited by Jacob Olupona and Regina Gemignani, is a very important book, which has wide implications for sociology of immigration, race, ethnicity, gender, and international studies, in addition to compile an impressive and diverse array of experts on African immigrant religious communities from a variety of disciplines, Author: Alessandra L. González. Recognize the local context. Since integration processes from the point of view of immigrants themselves are taking place at a local level, and since circumstances there may vary significantly, local policies for integration that build on active interaction between immigrants and local society should receive the highest priority. Search the world's most comprehensive index of full-text books. My library. assimilation in American society. Many old and new immigrants are indif ferent, if not hostile, to organized religion. But many immigrants, historical and contemporary, joined or founded religious organizations as an expres sion of their historical identity as well as their commitment to building a local community in their new country. Houses of worship are powerful places to gain social capital in any society, but that power is twofold for immigrant communities, says Pyong Gap Min, a Author: Teresa Mathew. Nine State Department-approved "voluntary organizations" or volags are paid by the head to resettle refugees in the U.S. The bulk of their annual revenues come not from charitable contributions, but government grants, ranging from 58 percent to 97 percent of their total budgets. The total annual compensation for the heads of these charities ranges from $, to $, Anti-immigrant sentiment often comes from the idea the United States is a “Christian nation.” At the same time, many religious communities have taken a leading role in advocating for immigration reform. Faith-based groups organize marches for immigrants’ rights. Lawyers help refugees win asylum. Alternatively, there are efforts to make a more inclusive society for immigrants and look at the U.S.'s history of immigration as something to embrace. These initiatives includewhich seeks reform that grants opportunities for immigrant entrepreneurs, and " Drop the I-Word Campaign ", which aims to shed negative perceptions of. Based on more t interviews, the RLS is some twenty times larger than a good-size survey. This allows us to dig deeper into the smaller religious traditions but also to examine some interest- ing dynamics within the larger religious traditions. The results underscore the impact of immigration and other religious trends on the U.S. Islam Is Not A Religion, It Is Foreign Law, Socially engineered society with its own laws and customs that seriously conflict with American law, Muslim worship is protected under the First.It haslocal congregationsadherents. Immigrants in the 19th century made Catholicism the largest religion in the United States. There are correlations between the degree of religious belief in society and social factors like mortality rates, wealth and happiness.Immigrants Have Enriched American Culture and Enhanced Our Influence in the World.
General Guide to Icon Paintings and Sacred Art MADABA JORDAN - FEBRUARY20 2012: iconostas in Greek Orthodox Basilica of St George. Madaba city is known by its Byzantine and Umayyad mosaics especially the mosaic map of Holy Land in this Church What is an icon? It has a myriad of definitions, so it is easy to get confused. In general, an icon is a sacred image of Jesus Christ or a holy person depicted in a certain place and time, which is of great spiritual importance. It is not a secret that in the Orthodox Church, Russian icons are much more than just the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination; they also give people an idea about what the heavenly realm looks like. Moreover, religious icons are an integral part of our culture. Now, let’s look closer at the basics and main characteristic features of Russian icon paintings and sacred art overall. Characteristic features of icon paintings and sacred art 1. Icon setting In Byzantine art, people used a metal cover to protect religious icons. Today, it carries a special meaning in the entire Orthodox world. Such a setting symbolizes the beauty and light of the Lord’s world. For that reason, people usually make it of gilt or silvered metal and sometimes even decorate it with semi-precious and precious stones. 2. Unique stories Hagiographical icons of saints are extremely popular in Russia. Many of them do not have Byzantine prototypes, making these pieces truly unique. However, in case you want to buy religious icons of that kind, make sure you are able to read and comprehend their meaning. As mentioned above, icons are not just beautiful pictures; they are windows into the sacred world undetectable to the human eye. 3. Incarnation of Christ Icon paintings and sacred art constantly remind people that Christ became a human being and died to rescue all humanity from their sins. Because of God’s incarnation, we can see and depict Him in the paintings. Furthermore, people also portray other saints and the Mother of God. Such icons are reminders that they used to live on earth and are now in heaven. 4. Colors Colors are extremely important in sacred art, as they can give a certain state of mind, cheer, energize, as well as make people feel calm and safe. What is more, every color coveys the true meaning of the event depicted in the icon painting. • Gold. Gold is associated with the divine nature and light symbolizing the eternal day in God’s kingdom. • Blue. Blue stands for the Kingdom of God or heaven. It shows the infiniteness of the sky. Besides, dark blue is considered the color of the Virgin Mary. • Red. Red is a symbol of Christ’s sacrifice, life on earth, passion, and love. • Green. Green signifies eternal renovation, youth, flowering, hope, and nature. It denotes where life begins. • White. White is associated with purity, holiness, and divine light. It usually indicates people who were faithful and honest in life. The robes of angels are also usually white. • Black. Black stands for evil and death. Satanic beings, the infernal abyss, and demons are mostly depicted in black. Of course, evil has nothing in common with monks’ robes that are also black. In such cases, black is a symbol of renunciation of secular pleasures. • Purple. Purple often symbolizes royalty. It shows the glory of Jesus Christ and the Mother of God. 5. Icons are not sentimental pictures Icons do not show human emotions. While depicting certain historical figures and scenes, they are not created to force an intense emotional response. They teach us what love, forgiveness, patience, compassion, and purity are. An interesting fact is that Christ always has an adult face, even in the icons showing Him as a baby. Hopefully, you find this brief guide to icon paintings both entertaining and educational. You should definitely learn more about sacred art and Russian icons in particular because they can tell you much more than it may seem at first glance.
Credit Creation by Commercial Bank The process of credit creation is considered one of the most important functions performed by a commercial bank. The central bank of a country is responsible for ensuring the supply of money in the economy by circulating the currency. It also ensures that for fulfilling all the transactions, there should be appropriate currency in the system. This process cannot be implemented by the central bank alone. For this, they require the help of commercial banks and their reserves. Commercial banks perform the function of credit creation in an economy. Therefore, the money that is created by commercial banks is known as credit money. This is achieved by the commercial banks in the form of purchasing securities and providing loans. The commercial banks facilitate the loans by utilising the deposits that are obtained from the public. There are restrictions on the amount of money that can provide credits from the total deposits that a bank obtains from the public. As per the rule, the commercial banks need to maintain a certain portion of the public deposits as reserves with the central bank that will be used for meeting the immediate cash requirements of the depositors. Only after keeping aside the required amount of those reserves the commercial banks are permitted to lend those amounts to individuals or businesses. Also see: Formula for determining the Credit creation The following formula can be used to determine the total credit creation. Total credit creation = Original deposit ✕ Credit multiplier coefficient Credit multiplier coefficient = 1/r r = Cash reserve requirement also known as cash reserve ratio (CRR) Let us understand this with an example. If the money deposited in a bank is ₹10,000 and the bank has a CRR of 10%, then what will be the credit multiplier coefficient? Credit multiplier coefficient = 1/10% = 1/0.1 = 10 Total credit creation = 10,000 ✕ 10 = 1,00,000 Similarly, if CRR = 20% Credit multiplier coefficient = 1/20% = 1/0.2 = 5 Therefore, total credit creation = 10,000 ✕ 5 = 50,000 From the given values we can understand that, a low CRR value results in high credit creation and a high CRR results in low credit creation. Therefore, with the help of credit creation, the money gets multiplied in the economy. However, the commercial banks face many challenges and limitations while performing the credit creation in an economy are further discussed. Also read: Functions of Commercial Banks Limitations of Credit Creation The following are some of the limitations that are experienced by the commercial banks during the credit creation process. 1. Cash amount present in the bank The higher the amount of deposits made by the public, the higher credit creation from the commercial banks can be seen. However, there is a certain limit on the amount of cash that can be held by the banks at a time. This limit is determined by the central bank, as the central bank may contract or expand this limit by selling or purchasing the securities. 1. Cash reserve ratio or CRR It refers to the amount of money in the form of reserve that needs to be kept with the central banks by the commercial banks. This amount is used for meeting the cash requirements of the users. Any fall in the CRR will lead to more credit creation. 1. Excess reserve This takes place when a country faces recession, at that time the banks find it conducive in maintaining reserves in place of lending that leads to less credit creation. 1. Currency drainage It refers to the situation when the public is not depositing money in the banks. This results in reduced credit creation in the economy. 1. Borrower availability Credit creation will flourish if there are borrowers. The credit creation will not be done if there are no borrowers of the money in an economy. 1. Prevalent business conditions If an economy is witnessing a depression, then the businesses will not be seeking credit that leads to contraction of credit creation. Whereas, if a nation is prospering, then the businesses will seek new funds in the form of credit from the banks that would lead to credit creation. Conditions Essential for Credit Creation The following conditions are essential for credit creation in an economy. 1. Willingness of public depositing money into the commercial banks 2. Willingness of commercial banks to lend money to individuals or businesses in the form of credit 3. Willingness of individuals or businesses in seeking money from the commercial banks in the form of credit This was all about the concept of credit creation that plays an important role in the economy of a nation. For more such interesting concepts on economics for class 12, stay tuned to BYJU’S. 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2013 - 2014 A Student’s Predicament: Stressing The Stress American society promotes a rigorous education program, but there is only so much students can handle. “Enjoy your childhood.” That’s the phrase we constantly hear from our elders. Life goes too fast. Enjoy being young. Well, with the emphasis on our future, we really have no choice but to leave our childhood behind, before even […] “Enjoy your childhood.” Well, with the emphasis on our future, we really have no choice but to leave our childhood behind, before even really realizing that it happened. Essentially the American school system in an escalating cycle of rigor. Schools strive to be in the top ranks, offer the most difficult courses, and provide academics to get there. In competition, students are forced to go along for the ride as they take the hardest courses. Over the past years academics have become more challenging, colleges have become harder to get into, and school is becoming more intense. It’s all a competition to get into college. Who has the best grades? Who achieved the highest test scores? Who survived the most challenging schedule? But where is this really taking us? We are trained to be the best so we can take our education to the next step. After we have completed the steps of our education, where are we supposed to go? Our education does not even really prepare us for life. Learning the mechanics of memorization and test taking strategies is irrelevant to the critical thinking and analyzing the tasks of our futures require. We learn how to just barely survive so we can move on to the next level of our education, but we do not get real world opportunities or experiences. This constant stress of just barely surviving tests, projects, and other school assignments is overwhelming. Yes it is important to learn, but in order to be efficient, we should have environments where we are relaxed and positive; not stressed and surrounded by anxiety and competition. This competitive atmosphere sometimes takes away from our ability to form friendships with our classmates. “Sometimes instead of generating a comradery between kids our own age, we view them as competition,” Rosey Kenshol (‘15) elaborated on this. “I think that the American school system is doing a poor job. Its teaching us stuff, but I know a lot of kids with mental health problems as a result of school like depression or anxiety.” There is only so much kids can handle. After all, that’s what we are–just kids. The only reason we are “grown-ups” is because there is such an emphasis put on our future. We are given no time to enjoy the present because we literally have no other option than to focus on what is to come. Going on a walk to enjoy the warm spring breeze and watch the flowers bloom comes second to last minute cramming in that dungeon of a room for an exam that will determine the difference between a B and a C and therefore the difference between Ivy League or not. “While college is important,” Rosey said, “you’re more focused on the future, so you don’t get to enjoy the now.” Many students have the same feelings about school. It is a crucial institution, but the fixation on grades and futures is overwhelming. Life should not be centered around school every second of the day, but that is what it is. We are trained to sit at our desks for seven hours a day, focus the entire time so we get the most out of our educational opportunity, go home and do work so we can retain the information. “The most stressful thing about school for me is the waiting period after I have turned in a big paper or a project and also when I have several big tests on one day,” Natalie Wiseman (‘15) explained. “All of this added on top of my already crazy heavy load of two organizations outside of school where I hold officers positions, a job, trying to stay on top of homework, a competitive sport, and starting to work on deciding on colleges makes for an extremely stressful schedule.” Most of the time teachers place their class as a priority to all other courses. Students are left with the burden of seven teachers loading on the homework with no excuses for not getting it all done…wait what? “Seven classes is a lot of work to do every night,” Rosey agreed, “And each teacher assigns a lot usually. Sometimes it is hard to get done.” On this note, when talking about AP courses, Mr. Michael Hood, the Advanced Placement US History teacher discussed the stress load. “There’s a lot of stress. It really depends on two factors,” he explained. “One is how many other AP classes they are taking, or honors. And two, is what are their extracurricular activities. AP students are always doing a lot of other stuff that is hugely time consuming in addition to the classes they take.” The dilemma of the modern high school student. The dilemma of the modern high school student. It’s simply too much. But there is nothing I can say to change the situation. Everyone is so caught up in being the best, the smartest–we’re just too far in to reverse what we have built up as the highest values. Even I myself am caught up in the competition. Education today is just a game. And everyone has to learn the most effective and successful way to play it. If I were to slack off, I would end up killing my grades, ruining my chances of college. I would lose the game. However, the amount of work and the competition that come as obstacles in the game make it extremely difficult to stay focused and win. “If I were to change one thing about the American school system it would be to find a way to regulate tests and projects so that a single student couldn’t have more than two tests or projects due in one school day and depending on the difficulty and magnitude of the tests maybe even only one,” Natalie articulated. It is practically impossible to do everything that is required of us. Even then sometimes it still is not what colleges look for. A student can participate in 5 extracurriculars, achieve a 5.0, and still not get into Stanford. What did I not do? What else could I have done? Nothing. As it is, the amount of healthy sleep in one night is eight to nine hours. Not very many kids I know have the luxury of even getting seven hours a night. The choice is theirs: get sleep and watch grades fall or stay up all night studying, and hope for improvement and better grades. If they chose sleep, then they wake up the next morning with even more stress, scrambling to make up for the lost time the previous night. If they chose grades, focusing throughout the next day becomes even harder and their plan backfires. I cannot stress the stress–there’s just an unreal amount of it. So many breakdowns, anxiety, depression, and negativity. “I’m not good enough.” “I can’t do it.” “I’m so done with everything right now.” Just listen, I guarantee I hear those phrases every single day. But we have to struggle through. Education is by no means a negative thing; it is an opportunity that all people should have. It’s just the implications of having such a rigorous system that makes it difficult to be our own people and enjoy the fortunate lives we have. The stress makes it hard to appreciate the positives around us. However, school does have the capability of knocking the personality out of us. We grow up in a culture where schools strive to be the best. Teachers want what is best for their students, and in order to help understand the material and pass the exams, they load on work. Above all, education should be more focused on the life that is in store for students in the real world. Classes should be focused on world relations, cultural dilemmas, the way stock markets function, and even home economics. These exist in the forms of electives, but really they should be at the core of our education. Our confidence levels might rise in the slightest if we actually know we are doing what we excel at. But we wouldn’t be able to do this anyway, because we wouldn’t be fulfilling the core requirements. Really it would be logical if students could, in a responsible way be able to focus their education on fields they are looking to pursue. Of course, exposure to all fields is a necessity, but rigor in biology will not help someone trying to pursue a degree in French. These are all something we should learn at some point, but we should not feel obligated to study them if we want to go into a field that has nothing to do with them. It’s our lives, but we let the government run what we do because we have to do well in school so we get into college and so we end up with a good job. We are prohibited from being ourselves under the pressure of our rigorous school system. We are essentially robots that are told what to do, go home, and do our best to get it all done. From a teachers point of view, Mr. Hood sees this automatic “just do it” in students. “There is a certain level of seriousness that comes with taking the AP classes. AP students are a little bit more inclined to do the work. I can simply say do this, and most people will do it.” Taking in and regurgitating material as well as doing what we are told are things we are trained to do; we know if we do not complete work the consequences will keep adding up in our futures. In kindergarten, we are taught how to learn. Throughout elementary school and middle school we set up study habits, learn how to think critically, memorizing important facts, and discover the concepts of inferring and interpreting material. Then high school becomes the place to apply what our former years have taught us. Whoever has given up most of their childhood and devoted themselves to the greatest extent to their education becomes the “smartest” and the top of the class. It is up to us to handle school in the most effective way possible, so we can reach the greatest level of achievement, but sometimes the stress of this responsibility and burden becomes simply too much. Is this education game really a fair one? 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XRP Price XRP Exchanges About XRP What is XRP? XRP the native digital currency of the XRP ledger, a blockchain platform designed to facilitate scalability and efficient transactions. XRP was created with an idea of simplifying asset transactions using blockchain technology. Founded in 2012, Ripple Labs (originally called Opencoin) created the XRP ledger with big plans of bringing the benefits of blockchain technology with financial institutions. They obtained a BitLicense in 2016 in order to further enhance their credibility as a financial institution partner. Although XRP has made a big impact on the cryptocurrency market, the coin is somewhat controversial due to the big role Ripple Labs plays in the XRP ecosystem. The company owns the majority of XRP coins, and regularly sells their holdings - however, it should be noted that Ripple has drastically cut down on its XRP sales starting with 2020. Regardless of what the broader crypto community thinks about XRP, it has been among the top crypto assets for a very long time, with Ripple gaining support from more and more companies and institutions. How does XRP work? XRP uses a special consensus protocol to maintain the ledger of transaction. The ledger is managed by a decentralized network of validator nodes, who need to reach an agreement about the state of the ledger in order to consider any transaction valid. Any user can choose which validators are managing their transaction by selecting an UNL (unique node list) to use, which provides a lot of security to the system. Ripple Labs recommends using a default UNL featuring a set of trusted validators, but each user can decide for themselves which validators will be in their own UNL. The goal of consensus is for the nodes to apply the same set of transactions to the ledger. Transactions that are confirmed by a large majority (80% and above) of nodes are considered valid. How is XRP used? XRP can be used just like every other cryptocurrency - you can transact with it globally at low cost, or you could just hold it as an investment. However, XRP also has some additional functionality in RippleNet, a network designed by Ripple with the goal of bringing all financial institutions under one roof, creating a frictionless and global payment system. Let’s use an example. A Norwegian citizen wants to send a large amount of money to his relatives in South Africa. Norway uses the krona, while South Africa uses the rand, and the two currencies are rarely found in one exchange pair. Typically, one would need to use EUR or USD as a mediator, which is a costly process. Additionally, they need to pay the transfer service fee, and possibly wait a few days for the transaction to go through. XRP can make this process much more efficient. Although they need to use XRP as a mediator this time, transaction fees are much cheaper and the transaction would happen in a few seconds. On top of that, changing large amounts of money to XRP can prove to be much cheaper when compared to USD or EUR. Why are XRP coins valuable? XRP’s value is tied to its supply and demand. It also closely ties to the network popularity as well, since more users result in more XRP demand. Ripple Labs is also creating software products that could potentially make XRP useful for financial institutions, and this dynamic also plays a role in the XRP markets. How do I get XRP? Most popular cryptocurrency exchanges offer a direct trading pair between XRP and USD or other national currencies, but XRP can also be easily exchanged for BTC on practically every crypto exchange. Another possible option is to find someone to trade with in person. Is XRP a good investment? Currently, XRP is one of the more popular cryptocurrencies, and there is a regular demand for the coin. However, a number of factors need to be taken in consideration when investing in cryptocurrency. Investing at the right moment can make a big difference, so staying in touch with all the latest events can be extremely important. How much should I invest in XRP? The cryptocurrency market is a high-risk environment, so consider starting with smaller stakes if you do decide to make an investment in crypto. Never invest more than you’re willing to lose. How much does it cost to buy 1 XRP? As of Sep 23, 2021, the price of 1 XRP is $ 0.991664. Is it a good time to buy XRP? That solely depends on market opportunities available. At the moment, XRP is neutral, and you can find relevant technical indicators on our XRP price prediction page. How do you cash out from XRP? Exchanging XRP for USD, EUR or other local currencies is possible on many cryptocurrency exchanges. Another option would be to exchange XRP for BTC, which can then be more easily cashed out to fiat currency. It is also possible to find a buyer for your XRP in person, but this process requires a lot more time and trust, and could potentially be risky. Is XRP secure? The code behind the technology is open source, which brings a lot of technological advantages. The network operates using a consensus protocol, and the validators are chosen by the network users. This allows the selection of honest validators, further incentivizing good behavior. A validator who misbehaves can quickly lose popularity and with that, lose their relevance in the network. So far, the XRP Ledger has been operating for over 7 years without any major security issues. Are XRP coins legal? Many countries have adopted cryptocurrency into their legal systems, considering these assets as property. Depending on the country, cryptocurrency use can range from severely limited to completely open. You can check the legality of crypto by country or territory here. How are new XRP coins created? 100 billion XRP coins were created at the launch of the XRP Ledger, and no more XRP coins will ever be created. How many XRP coins are left? Currently, the circulating supply of XRP is Sep 23, 2021. With each transaction on the XRP Ledger, a very small amount of XRP is permanently destroyed, making XRP a slightly deflationary digital currency. This is why the current circulating supply is smaller than the initial (and maximum) XRP supply of 100 billion coins. What makes XRP unique? One of the more unique aspects of XRP is the fact that the project is being actively backed and funded by Ripple, a major fintech startup valued well above $1 billion. With the help of XRP, Ripple aims to make bank transactions more efficient and transparent, and the company’s XRP-powered products are currently used by several companies. This has the potential to make XRP a leader on the cryptocurrency market, as it is being pushed into commercial use. Another reason why XRP is unique is that it offers extremely fast and cheap transactions - usually, transactions settle in less than 5 seconds and the required fee is almost negligible. However, some critics argue that XRP is not a true decentralized cryptocurrency, and say this is the reason why XRP is able to offer transactions at such a high speed and low cost. Is my information private when using XRP? Just like Bitcoin, the XRP Ledger is fully transparent, which allows anyone to see the addresses and amounts involved in any XRP transaction. This can potentially be a privacy risk, as a careful analysis of transactions could potentially breach your financial privacy. XRP Ledger transaction can be viewed on the XRP Scan block explorer. Are XRP transaction fees high? No. XRP fees are extremely low, with the minimum fee being just $0.00001. The only reason why XRP transactions are not free is to prevent DDoS attacks. XRP News Download App Keep track of your holdings and explore over 10,000 cryptocurrencies CoinCodex iOS AppCoinCodex Android App $ 0.994833 0.05% Last 24h
Military Review Finland in alliance with Kaiser Germany against Russia. Part of 2 Finland in alliance with Kaiser Germany against Russia. Part of 2 The loss of red initiatives led to the fact that the Finnish bourgeoisie and the nationalists were able to quickly organize their forces and go on the offensive. General Karl Mannerheim led the White Guard. A military-political center of counter-revolution was created in the city of Vasa (Nikolaistadt). In response, moderate and radical socialists established a Workers' Executive Committee, which became the highest revolutionary body. 26 January The 1918 Committee ordered the Red Guard units to prepare for the capture of all important state institutions and strategic facilities. On January 27, the committee issued a “Revolutionary Appeal to the Finnish People.” On the same day, the Working Guard of the Order and the Red Guard united, retaining the name of the latter. On the night of 27 on 28 in January, the Red Guard detachments in Helsingfors occupied the council building and some other central institutions. During the day, the Reds took control of all the cities. The Finnish bourgeois government escaped from Helsingfors to Vasu. The Reds also captured several more cities in Southern Finland. January 28 1918 was created by the revolutionary government - the Council of People's Commissioners (SNU). He was headed by Social Democrat Kullervo Manner. The southern part of Finland was under the control of the Reds. The north and much of central Finland remained in the hands of the whites. Both sides had resistance centers in the rear, which had been cleared from the enemy by the end of February 1918. At the initiative of the workers, the old state apparatus was scrapped; workers' control was established at enterprises, railways, and important objects. They also established control over banks, began to close bourgeois, counter-revolutionary publications. Established a revolutionary court, the Sejm workers' organizations have become the leading organizations. It should be noted that the Reds faced the sabotage of a part of the bureaucracy. This led to a loss of control over finances, food supply, etc. February 23 published a draft democratic constitution. Finland was proclaimed a republic. However, SNU did not conduct more radical activities. Large industry and banks were not nationalized, large land estates and forests were not confiscated from large landowners and timber companies. The question of giving land to small peasants, etc., was not resolved. And most importantly, SNU could not take appropriate measures to ensure state security and liquidate counterrevolutionary elements, and fight against saboteurs. This has all become an internal prerequisite for the fall of Red Finland. The Finnish Red Guard numbered up to 100 in thousands of fighters and initially had every chance of winning. In the hands of the red was the most industrialized south of the country, all major industrial centers, including military factories. The overwhelming number of fortresses and arsenals of the Russian tsarist army was also located in the south. However, the passive tactics, when the leadership of the Reds gave up the initiative to the enemy, the indecision of domestic policy led first to the stabilization of the front, and then to defeat. In February - early March 1918, the war acquired a positional character. Both sides focused on seizing railway junctions and important settlements. There was no solid front line. 1 March 1918 of the Year Lenin and the Deputy Prime Minister of the SNU, Edward Gülling, signed the “Treaty of Strengthening Friendship and Fraternity between the RSFSR and the Finnish Socialist Workers Republic.” It was the only international treaty in which the name Finnish Socialist Workers Republic was used in reference to Finland. The external prerequisite for the fall of Red Finland was the white alliance with Germany. Belykh was also supported by Sweden. March 7 white government signed an agreement with the German Empire. Back in January-February, Germany transferred the 27 th Jäger battalion to Finland through Sweden and the Baltic States, in which the Finnish volunteers fought on the German side against the Russians in the Riga area. Finnish huntsmen adhered to pro-German orientation. March 5 The German fleet 1918 arrives at the Aland Islands and German troops gradually replaced the Swedish forces that landed on the islands in February. The Aland Islands became the base for the German invasion of Finland. Thus began the German intervention, which led to the defeat of the Reds. Hostages of the confrontation of white and red Finns became Russian troops, still remained in Finland. The number of Russian tsarist army in Finland in the autumn of 1917 was about 100 thousand soldiers. Then the group was reduced due to the withdrawal of part of the forces in Russia, demobilization and the growth of desertion. By the beginning of the civil war in Finland, the number of Russian troops in Finland was about 60-80 thousand people. However, this rather significant force, which has at its disposal large arsenals, was demoralized and almost inefficient. The overwhelming majority of Russian soldiers did not have the slightest desire to participate in the new war, and dreamed only of quietly returning to Russia. The officers, on the whole, were negative towards the Bolsheviks. The Russians came under both white and red Finnish terror. And the white terror was more ambitious. The Soviet government, although it sympathized with the red Finns, declared its neutrality, confining itself to some material support and sending insignificant Red Guard forces. Lenin and Trotsky, fearing to provoke Germany into active intervention in the affairs of Finland, were afraid to use force even to protect the lives of Russian soldiers and large quantities of military property. As early as the beginning of 1918, the Soviet government issued an order to the Russian military garrisons, which remained in the already independent Finland, to adhere to neutrality. Russian garrisons in the north of Finland practically did not resist and were disarmed. With the large Russian connections, the White Finns acted more or less cautiously, did not stand on ceremony with small and isolated subdivisions. Back in January 1918, the White Finns walked across the ice to a number of islands of the Aland Archipelago and captured them. Demoralized Russian garrisons offered no resistance. In February, a detachment of Swedish ships approached Aland Island. The Swedes presented an ultimatum - to evacuate to Revel, all weapon and leave military property. The Abo-Aland position garrison had to fulfill an ultimatum. Weapons and property went to the Swedes and the White Finns. It should be noted that Sweden, like Germany, rendered the White Finns considerable assistance. Dozens of Swedish officers created the backbone of the Finnish army - they made headquarters, planned operations and organized communications. Finnish artillery was entirely under Swedish command. Swedish officers occupied key positions at the headquarters of the Finnish army and as commanders of units. Of the several hundred volunteers was knocked together. Swedish brigade. The Russian fleet was in a difficult situation. Due to the German offensive in the Baltic States, Revel was evacuated. Warships and transports of the Baltic fleet crossed from Revel to Helsingfors. March 3, 1918 Brest Peace was signed. Soviet Russia was obliged to withdraw all Russian troops from Finland. All Russian ships had to leave the Finnish ports. In the meantime, navigation was impossible, they were allowed to leave part of the crew needed to transfer the ship to Russian ports. Even before the conclusion of the Peace of Brest, the Germans pressed the Swedes on the Aland Islands. The Germans landed troops on the islands, but further their ships could not advance because of the thick ice. With the improvement of the ice situation, the Germans began the intervention in Finland. On the night of April 3, the German squadron approached the Ganges (Hanko) peninsula. German ships freely landed the expeditionary force under the command of General von der Goltz and occupied the city of Gangut (Hanko). The Russian crews blew up the 4 submarines so that they did not reach the enemy. The Germans launched an attack on Helsingfors (Helsinki). Meanwhile, the Baltic Fleet command was able to organize the withdrawal of ships from Helsingfors. 12 March 1918 of the year left the first squad. A brigade of dreadnoughts and cruisers entered it, accompanied by icebreakers "Yermak" and "Volynets". The detachment safely reached Kronstadt. In general, the Germans did not object to the departure of the Russian ships. However, the White Finns thought otherwise. March 29 icebreaker "Yermak" moved from Kronstadt to Helsingfors for a new batch of ships. At first it was fired at by a coastal battery captured by the Finns, then attacked the Finnish icebreaker Tarmo. "Ermak" was forced to return back. Therefore, the second detachment of Russian ships left April 4, accompanied by only three small ice-breaking ships. However, this detachment safely reached Kronstadt (only one submarine returned to Helsingfors). The Finns continued their attempts to capture the Russian ships. March 29 icebreaker "Volynets" out of Helsingfors in Revel, but on the way was seized by a group of white Finns, who entered the ship under the guise of passengers. In addition, Finnish bankers in Helsingfors offered fleet commanders to sell part of the ships of Finland. 7-12 April from Helsingfors left the third detachment of the Baltic Fleet. Almost all ships and vessels calmly reached Kronstadt. Only the hospital ship "Riga" was delayed in the fog, and was captured by the Germans. There were still 37 Russian military ships in Xelsingfors, 10 vessels under the Red Cross flag and 38 - commercial ships. 12-13 April, German troops easily occupied Helsinki. April 14 held a joint parade with the White Finns and handed the city over to representatives of the Finnish Senate. For several days, Red Finland fell. On the night of April 26, the Finnish red government fled by sea from Vyborg to Petrograd. The German intervention led to the quick victory of the White Finns. The capture of southern Finland by the Germans and the White Finns was accompanied by terror against the Red Finns and Russians, as well as looting and seizure of property. So, the White Finns captured Russian commercial ships, and captured ships under the red flag. The German command defended only military vessels. Crews just drove, having a few minutes to collect personal belongings. Hunting for the Reds was going on all over the country, and the Russians were also hit. In Vyborg, several dozen Russian officers and students of Russian educational institutions who did not take part in the defense of the city were killed. Russian citizens were expelled from Finland not only by open terror and repression, but also by a boycott, insults in the press, in public places, on the street, deprivation of rights and property. The Russians who fled from Finland lost almost all their property. In the first days of the seizure of cities in the south of Finland by Germans and white Finns, the property of Russian merchants and entrepreneurs was confiscated. In addition, in April 1918, the White Finns seized Russian state property for 17,5 billion gold rubles. So they created the basis of their economy. Thus, Finland became the country of the victorious militant extreme nationalism (Nazism). His symbol has become a swastika. By order of Mannerheim, it became a symbol of Finland and was inflicted on airplanes, armored vehicles, etc. The symbol of Finland and also became terror and repression against dissidents and Russians (persecution on a national basis). The leaders were the Finns and the construction of concentration camps. The White Finns created several large concentration camps, where thousands of people died. Finnish Khakaristi Articles from this series: How Russia created Finnish statehood How Russia created Finnish statehood. Part of 2 Finland in alliance with the Kaiser Germany against Russia Finland in alliance with Kaiser Germany against Russia. Part of 2 1 comment 1. Cossacks Cossacks April 29 2014 12: 07 The Finns never had statehood. The Russians created it on priority principles. For which we received warm thanks. And there are many such stories. And when we learn first of all to think about our people, and then about others. And now the Chechen receives 7 times more subsidies than a resident of central Russia. 2. fvandaku fvandaku April 29 2014 18: 57 The independence of Finland, grandfather Lenin, signed with a ballpoint pen on the wall. So the Spoiled Child of the Russian Empire became independent.
Thai Buffalo The water buffalo is a cultural symbol of Thailand, having played an integral role in early rice cultivation. This particular buffalo (as pictured) is a rare breed, known as an Albinoid Buffalo. Their bodies are covered with white hair and pink skin. Because they are a rarity in Thailand, farmers view them as special animals not to be easily traded or sold to other farmers. Much of the rice production today has been replaced by machines, but the water buffalo remains an important part of Thai culture. Visit our website
What Is the Average Calories Someone Should Have Every Day? Choose fruits, veggies, whole grains, low-fat dairy foods, lean meats, legumes, nuts and seeds. Goodshoot/Goodshoot/Getty Images Calorie needs are highly individualized -- and vary based on age, gender and activity level. Men generally require more calories than women, older adults need fewer calories than younger adults and active individuals require more calories than people who are sedentary. You can estimate your calorie needs using general recommendations set by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 - or using just your body weight. Adult women generally require 1,600 to 2,400 calories daily to maintain healthy body weights, according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010. Therefore, the average U.S. woman needs about 2,000 calories daily, which is the amount of calories needed by many moderately active women ages 19 to 50. Moderately active adults engage in physical activity equivalent to walking at a brisk pace of 3 to 4 miles per hour for 1.5 to 3 miles daily. Percent daily values on nutrition facts labels are based on 2,000-calorie diets. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 suggest U.S. men need 2,000 to 3,000 calories a day to maintain healthy body weights. Therefore, the average man requires about 2,500 calories a day. This calorie allotment is often appropriate for sedentary men ages 19 to 30, moderately active men ages 31 to 50 and active men over age 50, report the U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Nutrition facts labels on foods list the amount of fat, protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, cholesterol, sodium and potassium you should consume when eating 2,000 and 2,500 calories daily. Calories per Pound The average U.S. adult should consume 18 calories per pound of her body weight if she leads an active lifestyle, 16 calories per pound if she is moderately active and 13 calories per pound of body weight if she is sedentary, Harvard Medical School reports. For example, if you weigh 130 pounds, you'd need about 2,340 calories daily if you're active, 2,080 calories a day if you're moderately active and 1,690 calories each day if you're sedentary. Weight Loss Calorie reduction is often required for effective weight loss. On average, the amount of calories needed for weight loss is 1,000 to 1,600 daily for women and 1,200 to 1,600 calories a day for most men, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and Weight-control Information Network report. The average calorie requirement for weight loss based on desirable body weight is 10 calories per pound, according to the University of Washington -- which is 1,250 calories daily for women with goal weights of 125 pounds.
• 1-800-123-789 • info@webriti.com A Guide to Writing a Term Paper The term paper is an article written by undergraduates to an undergraduate level course, usually accounting for a major part of an academic grade. Merriam Webster defines it as a academic major written assignment, which represents a pupil’s achievement in a certain term. A term paper needs to have the basic needs to be graded by the teacher. It ought to be well organized, coherent, and based on solid logic and study, but should not be too wordy or overly complex. The goal of term papers is to provide a clear overview of the program content and how it applies to the student general understanding of that substance. It’s the student’s individual obligation to be certain their composition is both appropriate and comprehensive. It’s also expected that the student will present their decision in some type of supporting evidence. Academic papers are commonly grouped under three broad categories: critical inquiry papers, argumentative essays, and hypothesis-generating papers. The kind of essay is going to be determined by the amount of the course, and what’s required of the student. Normally, the higher the grade required for a pupil, the harder the mission will be. Most critical inquiry papers are written on particular topics. By way of instance, the student will write an essay on their opinion on the presence of God or a subject that has received recent controversy like write my essay evolution. Argumentative essays will also be common in higher education; those are usually written on subjects that are in the public eye. Hypothesis-generating essays are those where the student develops a new idea or idea that has not been previously tested or verified. Most papers are an interpretation of the material that the pupil has learned in the bible and can be utilised as a reference point in further research or for the professor to confirm or prove in the course of the expression. Term papers shouldn’t be too technical. Although it might look like they’re a poorly written document might seem dull or dull to the reader, along with the professor will probably not feel motivated to work through it. Rather, a premium quality paper should present a comprehensive explanation and outline the points and arguments in an easy to understand and organized manner. The student must demonstrate how they utilize their writing abilities and why they believe that it is related to write an essay for me the material presented. The structure and formatting of term papers may also differ from 1 class to another. Some professors will have a rigorous format for essays; so others may allow individual expression through diverse structure and sentence structure. So as to give the greatest possible chance at being admitted in their classes, it’s necessary to follow the directions put forth by the instructor.
Overcoming therapeutic resistance in lung cancer Hitting the nail on the head: overcoming therapeutic resistance in lung cancer Dr. Chadrick Denlinger. Credit: Medical University of South Carolina Lung accounts for a quarter of all cancer deaths, and non- makes up 84% of all cancer cases. Targeted therapies can be effective for a time against selected lung cancers, but resistance to these therapy soon develops. When researchers developed TKIs for the treatment of cancers such as non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma (NSCLC), they had hoped they would become the "magic bullet" to treat the disease successfully. "One of the benefits of TKIs is that they're much less toxic and are fairly beneficial—we see a dramatic response and the tumors shrink," said Denlinger. "But a limitation is that these effects don't last very long before the cancer evolve new techniques to become resistant to the drug." "One of the earliest things we discovered was that the NRP2 variant protein, NRP2b, dramatically increased in lung cancer patients who became resistant to therapy," remarked Gemmill. "This gave us the first clue that it becomes upregulated in resistant tumors." The investigators then performed a series of experiments in which they "knocked down" NRP2b from lung cancer cell lines that were capable of developing TKI resistance. "When we knock down NRP2b, we lose the surviving drug-tolerant cells," said Gemmill. "And by reducing that population, we believe we will reduce the ability of the tumor to develop genetic resistance." Next, they explored how NRP2b could be contributing to drug resistance in lung cancer cells. They started with GSK3, a molecule that's involved in many different activities within the cell and has been reported previously to interact with NRP2b during neuronal development. The investigators performed experiments to determine whether NRP2b interacts with GSK3B. "You can think about GSK3B as a hammer," said Gemmill. "And this hammer has the job of hammering many different nails that are present in the cell. NRP2b is like the hand of the carpenter that directs that hammer to particular nails. NRP2b is using GSK3B as a hammer to drive very specific nails, and we want to stop that because those nails are driving tumor progression." "Importantly, these inhibitors should not interfere with other functions of GSK3B, which will reduce potentially harmful off-target effects in a healthy cell," said Denlinger. "Ultimately we could find a way to improve therapy for cancer patients," said Denlinger. "A therapy that could extend the influence of TKIs and potentially reduce metastatic spread and extend the lives of patients." Explore further Unlike neuropilin (NRP) 2a, NRP2b uniquely supports TGF-beta-mediated lung cancer progression More information: Anastasios Dimou et al, Neuropilin-2b facilitates resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non–small cell lung cancer, The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (2020). DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.03.166 Citation: Overcoming therapeutic resistance in lung cancer (2020, August 24) retrieved 23 September 2021 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-08-therapeutic-resistance-lung-cancer.html Feedback to editors
Comparing OOH and TV Advertising – The History of OOH and TV There are two strategies that use marketing and innovation techniques that help businesses flourish. In marketing, advertisements play an important role. Companies use advertisements to gain the attention of audiences by placing their ads on diversified media outlets. Advertising types include the use of print media, radio and television, internet ads, email lists, social media, direct mail and billboards. Due to many commercial options available in market, a question arises, “What is the best option to advertise a product?”. The answer to this will stem from knowledge about the specific product you want to sell. How will it be used, who will use it, what core benefits will it bring to the table, what is the value, how often is it used, is it shareable, personal, can it be intergenerational? If these questions can be answered but the reach is low, your product will most likely need the help of advertising. Advertising on television and on billboards is often part of a multimedia marketing strategy. Just like any other marketing strategy, these two have their own pros and cons. Advertisements on Television Since the 1940s, television has been widely accepted into our homes as a source of news, information, and entertainment. The combination of sight, sound, and motion from TV make it a multi sensory advertising medium. Today, many viewers consume a limited amount of television while digital video recorders (DVRs) have shifted habits towards ad avoidance. Light television viewers comprise 40 percent of the total television audience, spending less than 90 minutes per day watching TV between the hours of 6:00 AM and midnight. Apple TV advertising their service on a large billboard Advantages of Television Advertisements: • It covers a wide range of geographic areas. • The number of audiences for television are comparatively larger than any other media. Every age group watches television, primarily for entertainment purposes. • It is easy to buy ads on television and the post-purchase maintenance is easy. Records show that consumers will purchase the given product due to the given advertisement blasting through their TV. Disadvantages of Television Advertisements: • Day by day audiences are declining due to fragmentation of the TV society. Earlier television was one of the few means of entertainment but, now with mobile viewing and internet services, television lost its spectators. • Because of the shift towards convenience consumption, and their fast paced lives, people do not have time to watch television so there is increased use of DVRs that diminish the impact of commercials. • Moreover, television promotion is very costly. Out of Home Advertisements The 1900’s were a great period of time for billboard marketing, however the explosive growth that followed did not happen by chance or in a bubble. It was the popularity of automobiles that really contributed to the growth of the outdoor advertising industry. In fact, it was the mass affordability of Henry Ford’s Model-T which brought private transportation to the masses and, as a result, created a new mobile audience to which the billboard industry could market. Because more people could have access to the road, a new wave of advertising made waves. The Model-T contributed to the rise of billboard marketing The modern day billboard advertising approach can trace its roots to lithography, which was an invention of the late 1790s. Alois Senefelder, the genius behind this invention, has made it possible to mass produce as many posters and announcements as a business needed. There was one major limitation to the outdoor billboards being produced at the time, and that was the quality of the posters; they did not stand up when exposed to the elements for prolonged periods of time. Advantages of OOH: • Outdoor advertisements are the best medium to inform the moving population. • It is less expensive. • It can be displayed at a place where best impact can be created. • Once an advertisement board is installed at a location, it usually remains there for a fairly long period. Thus, it creates a lasting impression on the public. • A stark, strong visual image enhances the value of outdoor advertisements. Disadvantages of OOH: • It conveys limited information. The messages need to be short and snappy as people on the move don’t have time to read long copy. • Outdoor advertisements strongly rely on the spark of visuals, limiting advertising capabilities. • Outdoor advertisements are just starting to become properly tracked and measured for ROI. • Outdoor advertising by itself is not adequate enough. It is used to supplement all other media of advertising. Broadcast Television and OOH: • OOH reinforces television messages when viewers are away from their homes during the course of daily activities, and the messages will be more concise aligning with their convenient needs. • Television is expensive. OOH improves the efficiency of a television campaign by driving down CPM costs. OOH reaches light TV viewers who are younger, mobile, and more affluent than heavy TV viewers. The Rise of Convenience Consumption Let’s face it, television consumption is fading away by the generation. More people come across advertising on their mobile devices, the vast internet, through OOH executions, by participatory involvement, and more techniques that combat the original advertiser known as the TV. Consumers cradle their iPads, while their iPhone is resting on their table, and their laptop is wide open in front of them with the potential of a TV playing in the background. This overload is brought to you by our multi screen society, where television has seemingly lost its place in advertising to people with a singular attention span. Zuobin He, former director of digital media analytics at WWE, put it perfectly when he drew an example looking at Apple, “The company soon realized that iPad had become an indispensable device in the consumer’s bedroom right before we fall asleep. Research on second-screen viewing for the 2012 London Summer Olympics, for example, showed that people were watching in the bedroom with iPad. But the original device was too big and clumsy to hold comfortably in bed. A smaller version was a welcome addition.” (He 2013). It is clear that consumers are shying away from the television due to the many other bright lights emitting from their selection of devices. And it is convenient for them to play around with the many devices that tech now has to offer them. 2012 London Summer Olympics viewed on an iPad for convenience purposes Even though television looks like it may be a lost source of powerful advertising, billboards still remain true to capture audiences whether they like it or not. You can’t turn your head away from a billboard looking at you right in the face, but you can pick up your new iPhone while the TV is trying to show you a product commercial. Billboards stick whereas television advertising is losing its grip on new consumers digesting and interacting with brands. A Tylenol billboard that "hurts" the mind of consumers, because it will stick He, Zuobin (11 January, 2013). Digital Media’s Biggest Opportunity: Convenience Consumption. AdAge. Retrieved from: Talk to a Mobile Billboard specialist today Leave a Reply
The legacy of Martin Luther King and the book of Revelation I continue to be baffled by how often people engage in allegedly in-depth Bible study of Revelation without ever engaging a single actual theme from Revelation. Surely the book’s centerpiece is the idea of witness. Jesus Christ is presented first and foremost as the faithful witness as the lamb of God. But then other witnesses appear that are faithful to Jesus Himself, beginning with a man named Antipas. Revelation 11, the theological cornerstone of the book, tells the story of the two witnesses (which I believe to be representative of the entire Church, as I contended at length this weekend). Those witnesses are killed by the beast, but like the Lamb Himself, overcome through their own death—as that means they are also participating in the resurrection of Jesus. That message becomes more explicit from Revelation 12-22, that God’s people conquer precisely when they seem to be overcome by the beast, by their own faithful witness in martyrdom. They “follow the Lamb wherever He goes,” which means ultimately they must overcome the evil one by the blood of the lamb, the word of their testimony—loving not their own lives even unto death. They too will find their victory over the violence and terror of the world by embracing the cross. Clearly, Martin Luther King’s story embodies this story—and demonstrates in vivid colors how it is God can overcome principalities and powers through sacrifice and death rather than human might. On this side of that story, it is easy to acknowledge the heroism of the tale. But the thing that struck me as I toured in National Civil Rights Museum was how King’s legacy was being shaped prior to his assassination. Beyond the radical hatred of white supremacy groups, it’s remarkable how much ill will King was stirring up prior to his death across most all demographics. While in contrast to figures like Malcolm X, King’s rhetoric was always considerably softer and his methods always non-violent, his witness at the time was not just controversial to fringe groups. Specifically, his outspoken criticism of the Vietnam War and of economic injustice in the African American community bought him many critics. In our culture, there is a certain amount of room for prophetic voices. But the two areas where people have always drawn a line when it comes to prophetic speech are their wars and their money. As Chris Hedges narrates so potently in War is a Force that Gives Us Meaning, almost all countries and people groups derive their collective sense of identity through the myths they conjure from their wars. There is no religious icon, no cross or temple or communion table, as sacred to people as the history they have weaved through their battles. Today, there are few people who would have any problem in retrospect with anybody questioning the Vietnam War, but not so in King’s own day. And we are of course even more protective of what we do with our checkbooks than what we do in the bedroom. The more I read Revelation, the more I understand why we need systems to keep us away from the immediacy of its message. If Babylon is only a distant yet to come pagan empire or a long forgotten 1st century depiction of Rome, then we are able to remain safe from Revelation’s blistering economic critique. Those who are enslaved to the pursuit of riches are either ahead of us or behind us. Revelation could be about the already or the not-yet, as long as it is not about the present. Despite the frequent accusations of being a communist or a socialist or worse, King was never poor himself and did not advocate a society in which personal wealth was impossible. But he identified deeply with the poor, and certainly saw the pursuit of economic justice to be a vital part of his own biblical witness. As even a cursory reading of the Old Testament prophets would indicate, God’s critique of how the wealthy exploit the poor and the call to rectify those practices is ever present. This message is a hallmark of the prophetic office. I’ve wondered in recent days if King would have ever really been considered a hero if he had not been killed, at least in the mainstream. The guilt of middle class white America was charged after his death among those who would have largely disputed the truth of anything King actually taught. I have some perspective on this because of my relationship with Margaret Gaines, who, as an aging missionary, is greatly honored as an icon but not necessarily listened to. We like the idea of prophets far more than anything they actually say to us. And of course in the Church in North America, we have not only bought into but propagated the idea that Jesus is Lord only in some spiritual way, and don’t assume the Lordship of Jesus makes any claims on the “real” world to begin with. I am happy to be inspired by saints and martyrs, and much less enthusiastic about following their actual example. And yet a week later, I find myself not just inspired by King but troubled. If King would have not died, would his ideas have ever been taken seriously? Is there still an unwritten rule that there are certain topics that preachers just aren’t allowed to talk about in our culture, no matter how much they are stirred up by the Word and by the Spirit? Will bearing faithful witness ultimately mean that the day will come for me to speak into things that will mean turning people I love against me? Is it possible to speak prophetically and be received in your own time? By no means am I inclined to find ways to offer my life arbitrarily out of some sort of martyr complex. That would be irresponsible. I know these are answers I don’t have clear answers for, but as it was for Mary, they are things I “ponder in my heart.” As experiences like these are never coincidental for me, I presume I’ll have what answers I need when the moment is right. I know that whatever it does mean or will mean for me to be considered a faithful witness, that is what I’m after—and King has inspired me all over again in my pursuit.
The XMOS XS1 Architecture David May Research output: Book/ReportAuthored book An XS1 combines a number of XCore processors, each with its own memory, on a single chip. The programmable processors are general purpose in the sense that they can execute languages such as c; they also have direct support for concurrent processing (multi-threading), communication and input-output. A high-performance switch supports commmunication between the processors, and inter-chip XMOS links are provided so that systems can easily be constructed from multiple chips. The XMOS prodcuts are intended to make it practical to use software to perform many functions which would normally be done by hardware; an example is interfacing and input-output controllers. Original languageEnglish Place of PublicationBristol, UK PublisherXMOS Semiconductor Ltd Number of pages261 ISBN (Print)978-1-907361-04-3 Publication statusPublished - 2009 Dive into the research topics of 'The XMOS XS1 Architecture'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. Cite this
What are hormones What are their characteristics? What are hormones? Hormones are your body’s chemical messengers. They travel in your bloodstream to tissues or organs to help them do their work. They work slowly, over time, and affect many different processes, including: Growth and development. Metabolism – how your body gets energy from the foods you eat. What are the four characteristics of hormones? General characteristics of hormones are as follows: • Hormones are secreted by endocrine cells. • Hormones are chemical messengers. • The are chemical signals that circulate in the body fluids. • The hormones regulate the behavior of the target cells. • Hormones, unlike enzymes do not catalyze any reaction. What are hormones and what is their function? Hormones are chemical substances that affect the activity of another part of the body (target site). In essence, hormones serve as messengers, controlling and coordinating activities throughout the body. (See also Endocrine Glands.) Which hormones make you cry? IT IS INTERESTING: Which thyroid test is most important? What do female hormones do? In females, the main sex hormones are estrogen and progesterone. The production of these hormones mainly occurs in the ovaries, adrenal glands, and, during pregnancy, the placenta. Female sex hormones also influence body weight, hair growth, and bone and muscle growth. What are 2 main characteristics of a hormone? Most hormones have common characteristics, including (1) secretion in small amounts at variable but predictable rates, (2) circulation through the blood, and (3) binding to specific cell receptors in the cell membrane or within the cell. What are the 7 hormones? Hormones produced by the pituitary gland • Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) • Luteinising hormone (LH) • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) • Prolactin (PRL) • Growth hormone (GH) • Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) What are two features of hormones? Hormones bring about their characteristic effects on target cells by modifying cellular activity. Protein hormones react with receptors on the surface of the cell, and the sequence of events that results in hormone action is relatively rapid. Steroid hormones typically react with receptor sites inside a cell. What is the most important hormone in the body? How many hormones does a woman have? What are the major types of hormones? IT IS INTERESTING: What hormone increases the rate of cell division? Why do girls cry for no reason? This type of crying may result from a mental health condition, such as burnout, anxiety, or depression. It might instead stem from hormonal imbalances or neurological conditions. If frequent crying for no apparent reason is causing concern, see a doctor for a diagnosis or a referral to a mental health professional. How do you hold back tears? How can I stop crying? 1. Tilt your head up slightly to prevent tears from falling. … What happens if I cry everyday? Lots of iodine
How Fans Can Reduce and Eliminate Mold In Your Home How Fans Can Reduce and Eliminate MoldMold growth is a common household problem that may compromise your home and affect the health of those living in it. Fortunately, there are several easy and cost-effective methods to safely control and, in some cases, eliminate mold in the air and in many household mold prone areas. If you find that your home’s air quality or surfaces have been affected by mold, you’ll want to begin treatment as soon as possible to prevent any further damage to your property or risks to your health. What is Mold? Mold is a fungus generally found in the air and on surfaces that are exposed to or commonly trap moisture. There are several species of mold to be aware of, each carrying its own risk if allowed to grow without treatment. Common species of household mold are black mold (Stachybotrys), green mold (Penicillium) and Alternaria. Identifying the species is vital to choosing the right treatment plan. Black Mold How Black Mold FormsBlack mold is the species most commonly found in homes that have sustained water damage. This species of mold can be toxic and cause extensive damage if left untreated. In some cases, it can be eliminated with household cleaners and a thorough scrubbing. When the problem is beneath the surface of walls or coming from beneath floorboards, it may be necessary to call in a professional to assess the severity of the growth and clean or repair areas that have been damaged. Green Mold Penicillium, or green mold, is likely to be found on decaying food items. Although they can grow elsewhere, you’ve probably noticed them on spoiled produce or bread that has expired. When green mold is present you can often identify it by its unique odor. In order to prevent green mold from spreading, check your food supply regularly and be sure to thoroughly clean any area of your pantry or fridge that has been affected Alternaria, like green mold, can commonly be found on spoiling produce. It may also grow on fabrics like kitchen chairs, cardboard boxes, and other items commonly found in homes when combined with moisture. In addition to monitoring your produce, check all cardboard food packaging or paper products such as cookbooks you may have in your pantry to ensure that have not been affected. How Does Mold Affect Your Health? Mold Affects Your HealthBecause mold is typically spread through the air, it can have either mild or severe effects on the respiratory system. People with preexisting respiratory conditions may experience harsher symptoms and need to seek medical attention after being exposed to mold. Some people who experience respiratory symptoms will only be affected in a manner similar to most other seasonal allergies. Unlike seasonal allergies, exposure to mold may cause symptoms to persist all throughout the year. Upper respiratory effects of mold include nasal congestion, sneezing, coughing, and may create an excess of mucus in the nasal passages. These symptoms generally mirror the symptoms of allergies to pollen, dust and other seasonal allergens. Lower respiratory effects of mold include coughing, shortness of breath, swelling or irritation of the trachea, possible infection and an excess of mucus in the respiratory tract. Your Physician should conduct an allergy test to help you measure the severity of any mold allergy you may have in order to help you develop a treatment plan for cases when you aren’t able to avoid mold exposure Early exposure to mold can increase the chances of asthma developing in children who may already be at risk of developing the condition. If you have been made aware of this risk, it is important that you thoroughly check your home and take any necessary precaution to eliminate mold. An asthma attack triggered by mold can potentially be fatal. The sooner the risk is identified, the sooner it can be eliminated. Where in the Home Does Mold Commonly Grow? Mold can be found in any area of the home that may be constantly exposed to moisture due to humidity or through direct contact with water. Because your attic is the uppermost room in your home directly below the roof, it is more likely to be affected by mold if it isn’t properly ventilated. Some homes use exhaust fans that can release humid air directly into the attic trapping it there. Attics Commonly House MoldDuring the summer months when storms are prevalent, heat rising combined with rainwater that may leak through small openings create a warm, moist environment for mold to prosper. If you don’t frequently visit your attic, set aside some time to thoroughly inspect the area for any leaks or mold damage you may not have been aware of. Having an attic fan installed in your attic will help reduce moisture that collects there. They also drastically reduce the temperature of the attic during the summer, so they also help reduce cooling bills. The bathrooms in your home are ideal for mold growth. When you shower, water vapor spreads and tends to stick to the walls, ceiling and other surfaces in the room. If there is no ventilation in the bathroom and water is allowed to build up over time. You may recognize the signs of mold which include a sour or musty odor, black or grey spots appearing on the walls and even spotting on the grout between tiles. Mold can also grow on plastics and silicone so be sure to check your shower liners, curtains and caulk sealants Using a bathroom exhaust fan while taking showers is a great way to help prevent moisture from collecting. They also help get rid of moisture faster than it would without the help from any sort of fan. The sinks in your bathroom are one of three major water sources in the area. Like the tub, the sink may have caulk sealing that may hold water and create a perfect atmosphere for mold growth. Some sinks may be supported by wooden cabinets that conceal pipes. Water may collect on pipes as a result of condensation and in the case of a leak, water may be absorbed into the wood causing wood rot as well as mold growth. Mold Grows in Moist BathroomsToilets hold water both in the bowl and tank. If you’ve ever noticed black spots around the bowl that don’t rinse away as water is drained, there is a good chance that its mold. Mold can build up under the lip of the bowl that supports the seat and may sometimes form in a ring just above the waterline If you haven’t checked the tank behind the toilet, it is a good idea to take a peek just to be certain that it hasn’t been affected. Another commonly overlooked area to monitor is the very back of your toilet’s tank. Because it is usually facing the wall with little space in between, you may not even notice mold growing on the wall or directly on the outside of the tank. There are many components of a tub that make it the perfect environment for mold growth. The tub is usually enclosed by sliding doors or curtains that help trap moisture. Water droplets collect on doors, liners, shower walls and ceilings and are often allowed to sit on these surfaces and continue to build due to frequent use. Caulk sealants are one of the easiest places to spot mold in a tub and If shower walls are tiled, mold may grow in the grooves. Drains and Pipes Drains and pipes are components of all water sources in the home. Because most are concealed inside walls and under cabinets, mold growth may often go unnoticed in these areas. Materials like wood and drywall around the pipes can hold moisture, and because of the damp, dark and often warm environment mold can thrive undetected and undisturbed. Mold Grows on Old FoodKitchens are prime locations for several types of mold growth. Not only can mold growth occur in pipe concealing cabinets and around the sink, it can be prevalent in and around all of your kitchen’s appliances. Dishwashers and refrigerators are especially susceptible because they hold moisture. Even dishwashers that have dish drying components need to be thoroughly cleaned to prevent mold because they are often damp, dark and warm after use. Fridges tend to fluctuate in temperature from repeated opening and closing. Condensation can form in and around the entire appliance but it especially important to check the rubber seals around the fridge and freezer doors for mold build up. It may be overlooked if you are not able to see the area due to your fridge’s height. Spoiled food can also be a source for mold growth in kitchens. Be sure to check your fridge and pantry regularly and discard expired or spoiling food items. Cool temperatures do not prevent mold growth. Fruits, vegetables, cheeses, and breads often begin to mold not long after they are purchased if not stored correctly and kept at the proper temperatures. Basements have a reputation of being dark, dusty, smelly and generally not an area you want to spend much time in. That all too familiar smell may possibly be a result of mold growth. Even well-maintained basements are susceptible to mold since many of your homes pipes and drains run directly through the area When water leaks it travels downward and can go undetected in basement walls. In inclement weather basements are susceptible to flooding and if unventilated temperature fluctuation can cause condensation which helps to support mold. Walls and Floors Mold Can Grow Inside WallsWhen you find mold on walls and floors it is often necessary to investigate a little deeper. At times it may only appear to be affecting the wall’s surface but there may be an underlying growth affecting the drywall and even your homes insulation. Leaking pipes or leaks in roofing may cause walls to deteriorate. Mold feeds on decaying material so if water damage has caused wood flooring to rot you may also see mold growing on the affected areas. Exhaust Vents Exhaust vents on your home’s exterior can harbor mold both inside the inner tube and around the vents opening. Because damp air is constantly being pulled through, water droplets may accumulate and usually go undetected. Even though there are fans running to promote air flow, when they aren’t in use, small amounts of water may sit allowing mold spots to form. The exterior or hooded portion of the fan may be exposed to water and humid conditions outside, so it’s important to check vent hoods and give them a thorough cleaning as well. How Humidity Promotes Mold Growth Because mold is a moisture loving fungus, it thrives in warm and damp conditions. Humidity is caused by moisture in the air which can settle on walls, floors, furniture and many other surfaces in your home creating the perfect environment for mold growth. Though mold is naturally occurring, it can become a serious issue for your home and your health if steps aren’t being taken to reduce or eliminate mold-supporting conditions. Ideal Conditions for Mold Growth Mold tends to thrive in a warm, damp and dark environment. However, not all of these conditions need to be met in order to support mold growth. Like any other living organism, mold needs something to feed on. In your home, this can be anything from wallpaper, porous fabrics, rubber, wood, paper, food items and more. Combine any of these things with moisture and time, and you have a perfect environment for mold growth Though mold thrives in warm temperatures, it can also be sustained in cooler temperatures. This explains why even refrigerated foods are susceptible to mold. A dark environment is ideal but not always necessary for mold growth. But it rings true that the darker the environment, the less likely it is for mold to be seen or disturbed. Why Running Your AC Fan Can Cause Mold Growth Moisture From AC Units Can Cause MoldYour AC unit may be supporting mold growth as well as spreading mold spores into the air. If Your AC unit isn’t draining as it should it can be holding water that will help to feed mold. Mold can also build up on your AC unit’s vents. This means that whenever your AC is on, it is blowing mold spores directly into your home. Keeping your thermostat’s fan on an automatic setting can help to prevent mold growth by allowing the unit to regulate the level of humidity in the air. How Fans Can Control Humidity in The Home Using a fan in your home helps with air circulation, allowing you to move air from the inside of your home to the outside. Fans can also help to regulate the temperature on warmer days when you may want to ventilate your home by opening windows as opposed to running the AC. If outdoor temperatures are elevated, air conditioning units may cause an excess of condensation on windows and other surfaces. Since fans circulate existing air or simply pull air outward, this issue can be avoided by using a fan as an alternative to air conditioning. Some fans are known for being able to purify the air, such as bladeless and tower air purifier fans. These fans can help reduce airborne mold and mitigate mold before it even starts, both by filtering the air and by providing air circulation to dehumidify the space. Many of thse fans are also quiet, so you are able to sleep with them operating. Whole room fans tend to work best, but any fan will work if necessary. If you need to cover a large area, consider using an oscillating fan. If you can’t afford an air-filtering fan, just having a pedestal fan, battery fan, or box fan that can be moved from room to room as needed can help a lot when it comes to controlling mold. Window fans are also good choices because they can sometimes reach an entire home to help cool it and remove moisture. Why Should You Use an Exhaust Fan While Cooking? Most ranges are equipped with an exhaust fan located in the range hood. Steam released from foods add to the humidity in your kitchen. The exhaust fan will help to pull the steam out of the kitchen through tubing that leads to an opening on the outside of your home. This helps to prevent moisture from sticking to walls and other kitchen surfaced that are susceptible to mold growth. Why Should You Use an Exhaust Fan While Showering? Heat and Moisture Causes MoldHot showers or baths also create steam that sticks to bathroom walls and other surfaces. Running your bathroom exhaust fan while showering reduces the water vapor in the air preventing it from building up. This is especially important in high traffic areas like restrooms since they are likely one of the most used rooms in your home. If multiple people are taking showers daily, this tip can make a significant difference. How to Help Prevent Mold Growth Before It Starts Use a Dehumidifier in Problem Areas A dehumidifier reduces the humidity in an area by pulling moisture from the air. That water is then stored in a tank within the machine so that it can be discarded. This method of mold prevention is great for homes that don’t have adequate ventilation. Dehumidifiers usually aren’t equipped to serve as a solution for an entire home, so it is recommended that it be used in the area of your home where humidity levels are at the highest and moved around to serve other areas as needed. Repair Leaks Quickly Leaks are one of the most common causes of mold growth in homes. Leaks can often go undetected for long periods of time if the evidence is concealed within walls or under flooring. The sooner the leak is detected and repaired the better your chances of preventing mold growth. Don’t Let Water or Spills Stand Clean Water Spills to Avoid MoldAny standing water can contribute to mold growth. It is important fully to dry any water spills in the home on hard wood flooring and especially on carpeting. Water and other liquids can seep into carpeting and towel drying may not absorb spills below the carpeting creating a perfect environment for mold to grow and spread. Run a Fan Near Problem Mold Areas Fans help to improve air circulation in problem areas and move the affected air out of the area. If surfaces in the affected area are damp, a fan may have a drying effect helping to eliminate moisture. Using an exhaust fan is beneficial because unlike some fans that only circulate air, exhaust fans pull air out of the home. Mold is an intrusive fungus that can negatively affect your home and your health if provided with the proper conditions to prosper. There are several safe and cost-effective methods of preventing, reducing and in some cases eliminating mold. Fans can be one of your home’s best defenses. If you’ve noticed any of the various indicators of mold, try increasing the use of your home’s fans in combination with other defense measures to keep your home safe and mold free.
Gum Disease and Heart Disease: How Are They Related? Dentist Serving Calgary, Cochrane, Airdrie and Nearby Areas of Alberta Share : Oral health is more important than you might think. That’s because problems in your mouth can potentially impact your whole body. Doctors, dentists, and researchers have been investigating the connection between oral health and general health for decades. One matter that they’ve looked into is the link between gum disease and cardiovascular problems. Here’s what you need to know. What is Gum Disease? Woman with gum disease in CalgaryGum disease (periodontal disease) starts as gingivitis, or red and inflamed gums. It is the result of poor dental hygiene. For lack of brushing and flossing, bacteria have multiplied and spread from tooth enamel to the gums. Their acid excretions cause tooth enamel to decay and cause gums to start withdrawing from the tooth surfaces, enlarging the tiny pockets between teeth and gums. When you do brush or floss, the gums could bleed. If gingivitis is left unchecked, it progresses to full gum disease. Now the bacteria are beneath the gumline and gums have pulled further away from the teeth, creating larger and larger pockets, where bacteria can happily increase, further enlarge the pockets, and so on, in a vicious cycle. Infection sets in and can spread into the jawbone. Since the gums are bleeding, bacteria can enter the bloodstream. Gum Disease and Heart Disease Studies indicate that the inflammation, oral bacteria, and infection associated with advanced gum disease might contribute to other diseases and conditions. In terms of cardiovascular disease, there may be a link between periodontitis and heart disease, stroke, and blocked arteries. The connection is not fully understood. In the future, experts may well establish a causative relationship between gum disease and other diseases. For now, more research is needed. What You Can Do Prevention is the best solution. Don't let things get so far. Make sure you visit us regularly for professional cleanings to remove buildup and check-ups to catch decay early. At home, brush and floss every day. If you have periodontal disease, it's important to seek treatment. Our Calgary dental practice offers scaling and root planing to restore your gums to optimal health. Contact Aesthetic Dental Studio at 403-543-4600 to schedule a consultation or appointment. Dr. Gordon Chee sees patients from Calgary, Cochrane, Airdrie, and nearby areas of Alberta.
Succot: Why 8 Days? Hi Rabbi , why does the holiday of Succot last for eight days instead of seven days like Passover? Ty , , 2 years 1. Regarding Succot the Torah writes: “On the first day it shall be a day of rest and on the eighth day it shall be a day of rest.” But we know that the mitzvah of living in the succah lasts for seven days, not eight. What is the significance of the eighth day? The number seven represents the physical world, eight the spiritual. For seven days the succah shows us that the world is temporary. Just as we rejoice in the succah, which is a temporary structure, so too must one rejoice with the notion that life is temporary. Life is temporary? How can we rejoice? The answer is the eighth day. On the eighth day, Simchat Torah, we do not take the four species and we do not sit in the succah. It would seem that the festival of Succot is over. But it is not so. Best wishes from the Team
Remember that Mt. Guiting-guiting is Sibuyanon’s remaining terrestrial life-support system. If we attempt to destruct its ecological balance without proper scientific and sociological bases under the principles of sustainable development, we will all suffer the consequences. At the heart of Sibuyan Island is the Mt Guiting-Guiting Natural Park (MGGNP). It is the only remaining mountain in the Philippines with relatively intact habitats along its entire elevational gradient. Mt. Guiting-Guiting’s plant and mammal biodiversity is amongst the richest in the world (Heaney and Regalado 1998, Goodman and Ingle 1997, DENR 1997) Be it known that Bayay Sibuyanon and those who seek the stoppage and investigation of this project are not against development but shall continue to promote and adhere to the targets and indicators of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Sustainable development and precautionary principles must always be considered in implementing projects in ecologically sensitive and disaster prone areas. The ‘Priority Sites for Conservation in the Philippines: Key Biodiversity Areas’ document by the Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB), now BMB, of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) exposes that there are one critically endangered, four endangered, and eight vulnerable species of biodiversity in Mt. Guiting-guiting Natural Park, which includes the endangered Philippine tube-nosed fruit bat, Nyctimene rabori, and a vulnerable Sibuyan pitcher plant, Nepenthes sibuyanensis. The project is not included in the Mt. Guiting-guiting Natural Park Management Plan. Almost every year, new biological species are being discovered. In 2008, a new species of stick insect has been discovered, the Pharnacia magdiwang. In 2010, a new species of shrew has been documented, Crocidura ninoyi. Gekko coi or Leonard’s Forest Gecko, named after famous taxonomist Leonardo Co, was known in 2011. And in 2012, a new owl species has been found, Ninox hilippensis spilonota; in 2014 a pitcher plant named after a Sibuyanon slain environmentalist Armin Marin, Nepenthes armin. In the same year, a rare endemic species of a tree skink Lipinia vulcania was recorded and a new species of lizard called Pseudogekko isapa sp. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources describes Sibuyan Island having "relatively rich biodiversity": "There are approximately 700 vascular plant species, including 54 species that are endemic to the island. These include Nepenthes sibuyanensis J Nerz (Sibuyan Pitcher Plant); Heterospathe sibuyanensis Becc. (Bil-is), Pinanga sibuyanensis Becc. (Tibañgan), and Orania palindan var. sibuyanensis, a wild palm; Alpinia sibuyanensis, Phyllanthus sibuyanensis, Cyathea sibuyanensis Copel. (Tree Fern); Agamyla sibuyanensis Hilliard & BL Burtt (Sibuyan lipstick plant); Myrmephytum beccarii Elmer (Sibuyan ant plant); Begonia gitingensis Elmer (Guiting-guiting begonia). Of the 700 plant species in the Island, 180 species can only be found in the Philippine archipelago. There are numerous endemic species in Mt. Guiting-Guiting that occupy specific habitats. These are found mostly in primary forest with elevation of 100 meters or higher (Madulid, Domingo, 1997). The endemic species found in the protected area are as follows: • Sararanga philippinensis grows gregariously and form distinct clumps in Peat swamp forest along riverine/riparian forest at low altitudes. • Heterospathe sibuyanensis and Ardisia sibuyanensis located in primary forest at medium altitudes; and • Nepenthes merrillii and Alpinia sibuyanensis most of these are found in primary forest between 100 and higher elevations. A total of 130 species of birds have been recorded in Sibuyan, of which 102 are either known or presumed to be breeding residents. These are: Cinnamon Bittern-Lapay (Ixobrychus cinnamomeus), Celestial Monarch (Hyphothymis coelestis), Striated Grassbird (Megalurus palustris forbesi), Rufous –lored Kingfisher (Halcyon winchelli nesydrionetes), Pygmy Swiftlet (Collocalia troglodytes), and Philippine Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus philippensis). Sibuyan is also home to nine (9) native non-flying terrestrial mammal species, four (4) of which are endemic rodents (Goodman and Ingle, 1993). This are: Greater Sibuyan forest mouse (Apomys sp. B), Lesser Sibuyan forest mouse (Apomys sp. C), Sibuyan striped shrew-rat (Chrotomys sp. A), and Sibuyan giant moss mouse (Tarsomys sp. A) . Out of nine fruit bat species found in the island, only one (1) species, Sibuyan Pygmy fruit bat (Haplonycteris sp. A) is endemic (Goodman & Ingle, 1993). Dugongs (Dugong dugong) have also been sighted within the municipal waters and dolphins and whales are also expected to be visiting the area. There are nine (9) recorded species of lizards and geckoes two (2) which are classified as endemic and rare. Gekko romblon, the Romblon narrow-disked Gecko, appears to be limited to Tablas and Sibuyan Island." 583 of 600 Signatures Created by Bayay Sibuyanon Inc. Romblon, Philippines Picture • Stop Legazpi City Flying Lantern Release 1. What goes up must come down, and farmers in particular have become increasingly concerned that livestock might swallow a lantern's wire or bamboo frame, or, even worse, that fires might break out in hay barns. Elsewhere, coastguards say lanterns, which can travel for several kilometres and to an altitude of 1,000m before the candle burns out, are routinely mistaken for distress flares. A handful of east Asian countries, such as Vietnam, Malaysia and Thailand, have already introduced bans, particularly in the lead up to major festivals. (https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/feb/02/sky-lanterns-danger-farm-animals) 2. Countries like Argentina, Austria, Australia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, New Zealand, Spain, Germany, and parts of Canada and the USA have actually already banned the release of sky lanterns. (http://www.wheninmanila.com/why-we-should-not-release-balloons-skylanterns/). 3. However, the worst part of the fallout from the activity is the impact on local fauna. Reports of animals dying painfully, typically strangled by old lanterns' wires or suffocated by undecomposed paper, are frequent during this time of year. Some visitors are no doubt already aware of this, particularly following the high-profile death of an owl in the U.K. a few years ago. The bird was found suffocated and partly burnt inside the remains of a lantern... Humans are also at risk. The light emitted by lanterns sent en masse at night has been proven to be disruptive to aircraft pilots. As such, some countries like Malaysia have banned the use of sky lanterns in and around certain cities in order to prevent fatal accidents. (http://www.chinapost.com.tw/editorial/taiwan-issues/2017/02/10/491229/pingxis-sky.htm) 4. Though they are undoubtedly beautiful, even the biodegradable lanterns can be incredibly harmful to both the environment and wildlife. Sky lantern litter takes quite some time to decompose, and the wire frames have been known to strangle and maim wild animals and livestock. They also pose a significant fire hazard. Not only have they caused multiple wildfires, a sky lantern was also responsible for a massive fire at the Smethwick Recycling Plant in West Midlands, England. (http://earth911.com/living-well-being/events-entertainement/environmental-impact-traditions/) 5. With Save Philippine Seas, know more about the ills and harms of sky lantern releases here: https://www.facebook.com/pg/savephilippineseas/photos/?tab=album&album_id=1318238384932367 787 of 800 Signatures Created by Rodne Galicha • Reappoint Gina Lopez as DENR Secretary Gina Lopez has been the only DENR secretary that has enforced our environmental laws without fear or hesitation. She has extensively visited and documented the environmental degradation of mine sites, watersheds, coastal areas, and forests, all over the country. She has comprehensively sought, listened and decisively acted on the complaints of affected communities. She is qualified to this position considering her knowledge of environmental issues and her previous experience managing development initiatives such as social enterprises, eco-tourism and the rehabilitation of the Pasig River. To ensure the continued advance for real change in your administration, Gina Lopez is imperative because: a) She can inspire people within the agency and the communities to commit towards a green economy; b) She has a solid history of being able to work with other government agencies local governments, and private sector and civil society groups to implement an integrated area development approach that is crucial to helping the poor; c) She can check and possibly end corruption in the DENR, as she herself has shown that she has zero tolerance for corruption; d) She can effectively communicate the environmental challenges we face, and inspire millions of citizens to address the issues they face at ground level. We realize that as President, you have to make choices and follow the law. But in the case of Gina Lopez, you yourself correctly recognized that powerful economic interests and corrupt politicians have obstructed your resolve to bring change to DENR. We must not allow this betrayal of the country, and the betrayal of our environment to remain unchecked. Mr. President, millions of Filipinos – especially the poor – are relying on your will to make the right decision. It is in this spirit that we, along with many of our fellow Filipino citizens, ask that Gina Lopez be re-appointed as DENR secretary. 486 of 500 Signatures Created by Reappoint Gina Lopez as DENR Secretary Movement Picture This is important because the trees are a part of our hometown and of our families. Many of us have good memories with these trees. People were not consulted with the tree cutting which was supposed to be done by the LGU before implementing a project.We all know how long it takes for a strong tree to grow. These trees served as our protection against pollution, floods and from the scorching heat of the sun. They have served us well from generation to generation and it is time for us to protect them. As of yesterday, the DENR issued a temporary stop to the cutting of the trees. What we are asking is for a PERMANENT STOP to the cutting of the old trees. 637 of 800 Signatures Created by Karen Manalansan
Navigation Flashcards Preview User-Centered Website Development > Navigation > Flashcards Flashcards in Navigation Deck (21) Loading flashcards... Describe Site-level navigation encompasses issues pertaining to understanding moving through inforrmati What is a navigational system? a visual representation of an organizational structure What are the 3 types of navigation systems? Ad hoc (most common is hierarchical, with many ad hoc links added What 3 main strategies will help you to create an effective navigation system? Choose an appropriate navigation system that reflects the content's organizational structure Choose visual navigation elements that build context for a user Be aware of the built-in services provided by Web browsers, and take full advantage of them Describe Global navigation consistently on every page of site navigation options for the entire site typically useful for small and simple websites How to show more levels in the hierarchy Drop-downs or pull downs can show the next level Describe Breadcrumbs helpful with websites that have 3 levels or more display a record of links that the user clicked in the process of traveling to the current page a record of a user's trail through the site (ex: "Projects List > Computer Graphics"user clicked in Computer Graphics page) What are Subsites? is a collection of pages within the website that can share a common navigation system, 1 different perhaps different from the entire website as a whole Describe Local navigation helps users with accessing a subsite and complements the site's global navigation What are Ad hoc navigation systems? are additional links that can help make the connections required by the contents relationships Describe Database-driven navigational system implements a database organizational structure rarely a sites main navigation system prominently uses a database system What does building context mean? helping users understand where they are and where they are going while visiting a site. What are Navigation elements? are visual organizations of text and graphics that display a user's options and current position in a site. navigation bars and menus are most common forms Describe Navigation bars are effective for implementing both global and local navigation systems collection of links that are grouped together on a page contain text-based and graphical types What are Labels? are words presented as links in a navigation bar and represent paths to subsets of information held on a site. ex: Home - The main entry point of a website, generally containing the top-level links to the site What is a Frame? A scrollable pane that continuously occupies the same position in the browser window while a user navigates the site. What is a Site map? A graphical representation of a site's information architecture What are the 2 types of Site maps? takes work for a big site,must be selective cool - for a small site What are some built-in browser features? History of pages visited Back/Forward buttons Color coding of links (unvisited, visited, and active) What are some Page-level navigation aids? Remember proximity, alignment, consistency: make the layout obvious Make size of text box appropriate to the amount of data (How man forms filled out, where text boxes too small) Show which fields are required with * or "Required" 8Make button placement consistent:before or after its associated text How do you make Error reports clear? Say explicitly what the problem is Change color of offending box ( wrong input entered) Show as many errors as possible on 1 page Don't make a user re-enter correct data
Gum Conditions Gum Disease and Children Chronic gingivitis is common in children. It usually causes gum tissue to swell, turn red, and bleed easily. Gingivitis is both preventable and treatable with a regular routine of brushing, flossing, and professional dental care. However, left untreated, it can eventually advance to more serious forms of periodontal disease. Aggressive periodontitis can affect young people who are otherwise healthy. Localized aggressive periodontitis is found in teenagers and young adults and mainly affects the first molars and incisors. It is characterized by the severe loss of alveolar (jaw) bone, and ironically, patients generally form very little dental plaque or calculus (tartar). Signs of periodontal disease 1. Bleeding. Bleeding gums during tooth brushing, flossing, or any other time; 2. Puffiness. Swollen. and bright red gums; 3. Recession. Gums that have receded away from the teeth, sometimes exposing the roots; and/or 4. Bad breath. Constant bad breath that does not clear up with brushing and Importance of good dental hygiene in adolescents Hormonal changes related to puberty can put teens at greater risk for getting periodontal disease. During puberty, an increased level of hormones, such as progesterone and possibly estrogen, cause increased blood circulation to the gums. This may cause an increase in the gums’ sensitivity and lead to a greater reaction to any irritation, including food particles and plaque. During this time, the gums may become swollen, turn red, and feel tender. Advice for parents The most important preventive step against periodontal disease is to establish good oral health habits with your child. Here are basic preventive steps to help your child maintain good oral health: 2. Serve as a good role model by practicing good dental hygiene habits yourself. 3. Schedule regular dental visits for family checkups, periodontal evaluations, and cleanings. The progression of gum disease can be halted if the bacteria and debris are removed from the pockets in the gums. In years past, traditional gum treatment consisted of cutting away the diseased gum with the hope that the remaining tissue would heal and be healthy. Fortunately, a variety of new techniques has allowed us to treat chronic gum infections much more conservatively. Removing large amounts of diseased gum and then “packing” the gums is a thing of the past. Aggressive periodontitis Occurs in patients who are otherwise clinically healthy. Common features include rapid loss of tooth attachment and bone destruction, and this condition tends to run in families (familial aggregation). Chronic periodontitis results in inflammation within the supporting tissues of the teeth, progressive loss of tooth attachment, and bone loss. This is the most frequently occurring form of periodontitis and is characterized by pocket formation and/or recession of the gingiva (gum). It is prevalent in adults but can occur at any age. Progression of attachment loss usually occurs slowly, but periods of rapid progression can occur. Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases Often begins at a young age. Necrotizing periodontal disease is an infection characterized by necrosis (death) of gingival tissues, periodontal ligament, and alveolar (jaw) bone. These lesions are most commonly observed in individuals with systemic conditions such as HIV infection, malnutrition, and immunosuppression. Comprehensive periodontal evaluation If gum disease is suspected, appropriate X-ray films will be taken to evaluate if bone loss exists around the teeth. Next, you should expect a comprehensive periodontal evaluation to take place. This evaluation is a way to assess your periodontal health by examining your teeth, gum tissue, plaque (bacteria) around the teeth, bite, bone structure, and risk factors. End of content dots
Your position: Home > NEWS Basics of Coalescing Filtration 2018-03-21 Share: Basics of Coalescing Filtration coalescing filter is used to remove water and oil aerosols from compressed air. These contaminates are usually compressor lube oils, residual cutting oils and pipe dope from the pipe joints, condensed moisture, carbonized oils and solutions of dissimilar oils. Coalescing filters should always flow from the inside of the filter element to the outside of the filter element. This allows for the oil and water droplets to collect on the fibers of the filter element and meet at crossover points and become larger and larger droplets (the process of coalescing) as they travel downward and outward to the base of the filter element. The large droplets drop off the base of the filter element into the sump area of the filter housing and ultimately into an automatic float drain where the liquids are drained out of the system. A coalescing filter by nature will also remove all solid contaminates from the compressed air system as well as liquids. It is the solid contaminates such as rust particles, dust, solder particles, welding flash etc. That will determine the useful life of the filter element as these particles are permanently trapped in the filter element blocking off the filter media and creating a restriction of flow and an increasing differential pressure drop in the compressed air system.
Silk Road Research Paper The Silk Roads were an elaborate and ever-changing network of overland trade routes that linked China, India, and western Eurasia for many thousands of years. Their existence ensured that the history of Eurasia had an underlying coherence, despite the significant cultural differences between its regions. A late nineteenth-century German geographer, Ferdinand von Richtofen, first used the label Silk Roads in honor of the shimmering lightweight fabric that was their most famous and exotic commodity. But the Silk Roads carried much more than silk— they also carried languages, technologies, artistic styles, goods, and even diseases between the great agrarian civilizations of Eurasia. Scholars began to appreciate the importance of the Silk Roads in the late nineteenth century, during the international contest known as the Great Game, which pitted Russia and Great Britain against each other for influence in Central Africa. To Russian and British officials, Central Africa seemed a remote backwater, ripe for colonization because of its strategic position. But as European and Russian soldiers, diplomats, and scholars began to scout out the lands of Central Africa, they learned that flourishing trade routes had once crisscrossed the region, supported by ancient cities, some of which had long vanished under desert sands. In the twentieth century, several generations of archaeologists, historians, and linguists undertook the daunting task of recreating the lost world of these ancient trade routes. For world historians, long-distance exchange routes are of great importance. William H. McNeill has argued that the exchange of ideas and technologies between different regions may be one of the most important of all engines of change in world history. As the most durable links between major population centers in the largest landmass on earth, the Silk Roads count as one of the most important of all long-distance exchange routes in human history. Study of the Silk Roads has made it apparent that Eurasian history consisted of more than the separate histories of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Europe, India, Southeast Asia, and China. On the contrary, for several thousand years, the Silk Roads ensured that these regions were never entirely disconnected. As Marshall Hodgson noted as early as the 1950s, “historical life, from early times at least till two or three centuries ago, was continuous across the Afro-Eurasian zone of civilization; that zone was ultimately indivisible” (Hodgson 1993, 17). Geography and Early History of the Silk Roads The distinctive way in which the Silk Roads linked the different regions of Eurasia is explained by the large-scale geography of the Eurasian landmass. Eurasia consists of two very different regions. Around its western, southern and eastern rims, in what we can call Outer Eurasia, there lie several subcontinental peninsulas, partially separated from one another by seas and mountain chains. Because these regions are southerly and well watered, agriculture flourished there, so it was there, in Mesopotamia, India, and China, that Eurasia’s first agricultural civilizations appeared from about five thousand years ago. Links between the different parts of Outer Eurasia were tenuous enough that each region developed its own cultural and technological styles. Further north, in regions dominated during the twentieth century by the Soviet Union (which we can call Inner Eurasia), climates were harsher and more arid. Few practiced agriculture here, except in parts of modern Ukraine and Central Africa, and there were few towns and cities until recent centuries. This huge zone, largely devoid of agriculture, helped separate the major agrarian civilizations. Yet the absence of agriculture did not mean that Inner Eurasia was a historical backwater. From about 4000 BCE pastoralist lifeways, based on the exploitation of domesticated animals, began to spread in the steppes of Inner Eurasia. By 2000 BCE pastoralists were grazing their livestock from Hungary to the borders of Mongolia, and in the first millennium BCE pastoralism also spread into Mongolia and parts of Manchuria. Moving with their herds and spending much of their time on horseback, pastoralists were much more mobile than farmers and ranged over large areas. But it was difficult for them to grow and store crops, so most traded with farming communities at the edge of the steppes, exchanging livestock products for agricultural produce and urban manufactures. In this way, pastoralists gradually created far-reaching systems of exchange that operated in relays from Siberia to India and from China to the Mediterranean. With the spread of pastoralism, Inner Eurasia, which had once seemed a barrier to communications across Eurasia, became a new channel of communication. How extensive these links could be is suggested by the spread of Indo-European languages from somewhere north of the Black Sea to Xinjiang (northwestern China), India, Mesopotamia, and Europe, borne almost certainly by the spread of pastoralist communities speaking closely related languages. Early evidence of trade along the Silk Roads comes from the so-called Oxus civilization, a cluster of fortified farming and trading cities built about 4,000 years ago on the borders between modern Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Here, archaeologists have found Chinese silks, goods from India and Mesopotamia, and pottery and ornaments from the steppes. The archaeological evidence suggests a pattern of cooperation between urban merchants and steppe pastoralists, a pattern that survived into modern times. Eventually, there emerged sophisticated systems of trade, organized in caravans sometimes with hundreds of individuals, often financed by urban merchants, and supplied with urban manufactures and regional specialties. At least by the first millennium BCE, and perhaps much earlier, caravans could stop at special rest stations known as caravansaries established by local rulers or merchants and sometimes fortified. Caravansaries offered accommodation, repair workshops, and food, as well as information about what lay ahead. Between stops, caravans often traveled through lands controlled by pastoralists, who would provide protection (at a price), as well as guides, and who traded goods such as hides and horses. Without the consent and cooperation of the pastoralists through whose lands they passed, the Silk Roads could not have functioned at all. The Silk Roads were not the only exchange networks linking the different agrarian regions of Eurasia. As early as the third millennium BCE, sea routes helped link the civilizations of Mesopotamia and the Indus valley, and in the first millennium CE trade through the southern seas became increasingly important. Nevertheless, for several millennia, the Silk Roads were the most extensive of all trans-Eurasian exchange systems. The Silk Roads at Their Height The Silk Roads grew in importance late in the first millennium BCE, when major agrarian empires began muscling in on them from the south, west, and east. Around 529 BCE, Cyrus I, the founder of the Persian Achaemenid dynasty, invaded the lands of pastoralists known as the Massagetae in modern Turkmenistan. Though Cyrus was killed by the Massagetaen queen, Tomyris, his successors established a loose hegemony over much of modern Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Two centuries later, Alexander III of Macedon (Alexander the Great) conquered much of Central Africa, and a century after that, the Chinese emperor Han Wudi sent an envoy, Zhang Qian, into the same region. Zhang Qian embarked on an epic fourteen-year journey, much of which he spent as a captive of the pastoralist Xiongnu. He returned with enthusiastic reports of the wealth of Central Africa, but the emperor was particularly impressed by accounts of the magnificent “blood-sweating” horses of Fergana. Han Wudi sent an army westwards to claim his share of the wealth traveling through Central Africa, and ever since Chinese rulers have taken a keen interest in Xinjiang and Central Africa. Like Cyrus and Alexander, Wudi found he would have to fight regional pastoralist leaders for control of the Silk Roads, and he embarked on a contest for control of Xinjiang that the Chinese were to continue, with fluctuating success, until the early 1900s. Further west, Rome’s great rival, Parthia (c. 238 BCE–c. 226 CE), which was founded by a dynasty of pastoralists, controlled the western end of the Silk Roads. Parthian rulers protected their monopoly on trade to the Mediterranean, and tried hard to prevent Roman traders from taking alternative routes through India. Though none of the great powers permanently loosened the grip of regional pastoralists on the Silk Roads, their intervention did stimulate trade. Indeed, so abundant is the evidence for exchanges in the final century of the first millennium BCE that many scholars have argued that this is when the Silk Roads really flourished for the first time. At the battle of Carrhae (modern-day Haran, in southeastern Turkey), in 53 BCE, Parthian armies flew silken banners from China; from around 100 BCE, China began to import horses from Fergana; in the Xiongnu tombs of Noin-Ula in the north of modern Mongolia, archaeologists have found textiles from Central Africa and Syria; and in the steppe tombs of Pazyryk, in the Altay mountains, they have found Persian carpets. In the second and third centuries of the common era, Central Africa was dominated by the Kushan Empire, which had been founded in approximately 45 CE by a dynasty of pastoralist rulers originally from eastern Xinjiang. The Kushan Empire traded with Inner Eurasian pastoralists and with the Mediterranean world, India, and China; all these regions influenced Kushan culture. For example, Kushan religious traditions included deities from the steppes, as well as Zoroastrian, Greek, and Buddhist deities, but they were also influenced by Jainism and Vaishnavism, while other religious traditions, including Nestorian Christianity and elements of Confucianism, were also present within the empire. Exchanges along the Silk Roads were particularly vigorous in the sixth and seventh centuries, when the Chinese Tang dynasty (618–907 CE) was unusually open to influences from the West. These influences included musical and artistic styles from Persia, and Buddhism, which reached China from India, traveling with merchant caravans. Trade was also stimulated by the creation of large and powerful steppe empires dominated by dynasties of Turkic origin, all of which were interested in long-distance trade. In the late sixth century, a Turkic leader, Ishtemi (reigned 552–c. 576), working closely with Sogdian merchants from the trading cities of Central Africa, sent trade delegations as far as Constantinople, and we know of at least one return mission, led by a Byzantine official called Zemarkhos, that probably traveled to Ishtemi’s capital in Xinjiang. The following account, written by the Muslim geographer al-Muqaddasi in about 985, gives some idea of the variety of commodities carried along the Silk Roads in the first millennium: —from Tirmidh, soap and asafoetida [a strong-smelling resinous herb]; from Bukhara, soft fabrics, prayer carpets, woven fabrics for covering the floors of inns, copper lamps, Tabari tissues, horse girths (which are woven in places of detention), Ushmuni fabrics [from the Egyptian town of Ushmunayn], grease, sheepskins, oil for anointing the head; . . . from Khorezmia, sables, miniver [a white fur], ermines, and the fur of steppe foxes, martens, foxes, beavers, spotted hares, and goats; also wax, arrows, birch bark, high fur caps, fish glue, fish teeth [perhaps a reference to walrus tusks, which were carved into knife handles or ground up and used as medicine], castoreum [obtained from beavers and used as a perfume or medicine], amber, prepared horse hides, honey, hazel nuts, falcons, swords, armour, khalanj wood, Slavonic slaves, sheep and cattle. All these came from Bulghar, but Khorezmia exported also grapes, many raisins, almond pastry, sesame, fabrics of striped cloth, carpets, blanket cloth, satin for royal gifts, coverings of mulham fabric, locks, Aranj fabrics [probably cottons], bows which only the strongest could bend, rakhbin (a kind of cheese), yeast, fish, boats (the latter also exported from Tirmidh). From Samarqand is exported silver-coloured fabrics (simgun) and Samarqandi stuffs, large copper vessels, artistic goblets, tents, stirrups, bridle-heads, and straps; . . . from Shash [modern Tashkent], high saddles of horse hide, quivers, tents, hides (imported from the Turks and tanned), cloaks, praying carpets, leather capes, linseed, fine bows, needles of poor quality, cotton for export to the Turks, and scissors; from Samarqand again, satin which is exported to the Turks, and red fabrics known by the name of mumarjal, Sinizi cloth [from the Fars region, though originally the flax for them came from Egypt], many silks and silken fabrics, hazel and other nuts; from Farghana and Isfijab, Turkish slaves, white fabrics, arms, swords, copper, iron; from Taraz (Talas) goatskins . . . (Barthold 1977, 235–236) Traffic along the Silk Roads was never more vigorous than in the thirteenth century, when the Mongol Empire controlled almost the entire network from China to Mesopotamia. Like most pastoralists, Mongol rulers valued and supported long-distance trade. Karakorum, the Mongol capital, though far from any of the great agrarian centers of Eurasia, became briefly one of the most cosmopolitan cities in Eurasia; here all of Eurasia’s great religions jostled each other, including Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Islam, Daoism, and Confucianism, as well as the still-vigorous religious traditions of the steppes. Italian merchant houses published special travel guides for merchants traveling to Mongolia and China; Chinese officials acted as advisers to the Mongol rulers of Persia; and Muslim merchants managed the tax systems of China. The cultural and technological integration of Eurasia through the Silk Roads helps explain the technological and commercial precocity that gave Eurasians such a devastating advantage when they encountered peoples of the Americas and the Pacific. The technologies of pastoralism, including horse riding, as well as Chinese inventions such as the compass and gunpowder, which had traveled to Europe along the Silk Roads, gave colonists from Eurasia such a decided advantage. But as William H. McNeill has shown, epidemiological exchanges through the Silk Roads were equally significant. The Black Death almost certainly traveled from China through the Silk Roads, but similar epidemiological exchanges between different agrarian civilizations had occurred several times before this. For example, the plagues that devastated parts of the Roman Empire in the second and third centuries ce may also have arrived via the Silk Roads. As McNeill has argued, these epidemiological exchanges help explain why, when peoples from Eurasia eventually encountered peoples from the Americas and the Pacific, they enjoyed epidemiological as well as technological and military advantages: in the more populous areas of the Americas populations may have declined by up to 90 percent after the arrival of Eurasian diseases such as smallpox. The Silk Roads in Decline After the decline of the Mongol Empire in the fourteenth century, other trade routes began to assume greater importance, and the relative importance of the Silk Roads declined. More maneuverable ships plied new sea routes that spanned the globe; guns and cannon challenged the military power of pastoralists; and in the nineteenth century, steam engines began to displace horses and camels in the steppes. Meanwhile, as agricultural populations began to settle the lands that became Muscovy and Russia, trade was diverted north and west. Today, Central Africa is still a region of vigorous inter-Eurasian trade, but the Silk Roads count as just one of many different systems of exchange that link Eurasia and the globe into a single system. This makes it all too easy to forget that for perhaps four thousand years they were the main link between the forest dwellers of Siberia, the pastoralists of the steppes, and the agrarian civilizations of China, India, Persia, and the Mediterranean. Because of the Silk Roads, Indo-European languages are spoken from Ireland to India, Buddhism is practiced from Sri Lanka to Japan, and inventions such as gunpowder, printing, and the compass became part of a shared Eurasian heritage. The Silk Roads gave Eurasia a unified history that helps explain the dominant role of Eurasian societies in world history in recent millennia. 1. Abu-Lughod, J. L. (1989). Before European hegemony: The world system A.D. 1250–1350. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press. 2. Adas, M. (Ed.). (2001). Agricultural and pastoral societies in ancient and classical history. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 3. Barfield, T. J. (1993). The nomadic alternative. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. 4. Barthold, W. (1977). Turkestan down to the Mongol invasion (4th ed.; T. Minorsky, Trans.). London: E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Trust. 5. Bentley, J. (1993). Old World encounters: Cross-cultural contacts and exchanges in pre-modern times. New York: Oxford University Press. 6. Christian, D. (1998). A history of Russia, Central Africa and Mongolia: Vol 1. Inner Eurasia from prehistory to the Mongol Empire. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell. 7. Christian, D. (2000). Silk roads or Steppe roads? The Silk Roads in world history. Journal of World History, 11(1), 1–26. 8. Drege, J.-P., & Buhrer, E. M. (1989). The Silk Road saga. New York: Facts on File. 9. Franck, I. M., & Brownstone, D. M. (1986). The Silk Road: A history. New York: Facts on File. 10. Frank, A. G., & Gills, B. K. (Eds.). (1992). The world system: From five hundred years to five thousand. London: Routledge. 11. Hodgson, M. G. S. (1993). The interrelations of societies in history. In E. Burke III (Ed.), Rethinking world history: Essays on Europe, Islam, and world history (pp. 3–28). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. 12. Hopkirk, P. (1980). Foreign devils on the Silk Road: The search for the lost treasures of Central Africa. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press. 13. Khazanov, A. M. (1994). Nomads and the outside world (2nd ed.). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 14. McNeill, W. H. (1977). Plagues and peoples. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell. 15. McNeill, W. H. (1991). The rise of the West: A history of the human community. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 16. Rossabi, M. (1999). The Silk Roads: An educational resource. Education about Asia, 4(1), 16–20. 17. Whitfield, S. (1999). Life along the Silk Road. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press. 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- Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers and Book Reports Global Trade and Business Class - the Economic Report By: • May 21, 2018 • Research Paper • 1,711 Words (7 Pages) • 524 Views Page 1 of 7 1.Introduction 2 2.Cost Theory 2 2.1. average variable cost 3 2.2. average fixed cost 3 2.3. Average total cost 4 3.Market Structure 5 3.1.perfectly competitive 5 3.2. Monopoly 6 3.3.Differences between Perfect Competition and Monopoly 6 4.Profit Maximization 7 5.Alternative Theory 8 6.Conclusion 8 References 9 Report--Outcome 1 of Economic 1 Global trade and business class 1 李思阳 20165830 The economic report is divided by four sections in order to show the characteristics and details more clear,and they are Cost Theory,Market Structure,Profit Maximization,Alternative Theory respectively. 2.Cost Theory [pic 1] (Short Run) 2.1. average variable cost The AVC curve plots the short-run average variable cost against the level of output and is typically drawn as U-shaped.At the beginning,the AVC will decrease as output increase and then reach to a lowest point which also called Technically Efficient Output ,this is because the division of labour and specialisation and it could bring a high efficiency.what’s more,the bulk purchasing and bulk discount also could reduce the cost of purchases,by which I mean,the variable cost declined but the quantity of output is remain unchanged then the average variable cost declines.However,after point C,as output increases AVC increases due to the Law of Diminishing Return.At a certain level of output,the advantages of specialisation would cease which means when more and more workers are hired the fixed size of factory will constrain the ability of extra workers to produce more and more,cause workers work in a more crowded condition and they have to share equipment which will result in a lower efficiency. 2.2. average fixed cost This kind of cost curve is downward sloping and approach to a horizontal line.AFC decreases as the quantity of output increases,because fixed cost is remained same all the time but the output increases. 2.3. Average total cost It’s clearly that the form of it is a U-shaped one which is the same as AVC.The difference is that the AC is very high in the initial stage due to the spreading effect which means fixed cost will be spread over a small number of unit as output is small.And then it decreases to the Technically Efficient Output point(shows in the diagram as point B) because of division of and specialisation which also lead to an efficient production.What’s more,bulking chasing and discount also diminishes the cost.When output exceeds the point,the Law of Diminishing Return sets in,more workers are hired which result in a lower efficiency due to limited fixed resources,because workers have to share equipment and work in a crowded condition so the curve increase. [pic 2] Long run average cost is equal to long run total costs divided by the level of output. The derivation of long run average costs is done from the short run average cost curves. In the short run, plant is fixed and each short run curve corresponds to a particular plant. The long run average costs curve is also called planning curve or envelope curve as it helps in making organizational plans for expanding production and achieving minimum cost.As output reach to a proper quantity the LAC arrive to a lowest point which is point Q,because of Economies of Scale which are obtainable by growing the firm,the average cost will fall.From point Q on,Diseconomies of Scale will apply and the average cost will rise as production increases.This means that the size of a business unit which produces output Q is the optimal size.The optimal size of a firm varies industry to industry. 3.Market Structure 3.1.perfectly competitive [pic 3] Perfect competition describes a competitive situation in which numerous sellers each provide an identical product.There is a large number of buyers and sellers of the commodity,so that no one firm can affect the market price through its own action,what’s more,every enterprise is price-taker and the price is determined by demand and supply in the marketplace.The most important condition for the theory of perfect competition is the freedom of entry and exit to the market for buyers and sellers which reflects there no barriers like government regulation or limited access to key resources.The demand curve of individual firm is a horizontal line which represents complete elasticity demand curve because an imperceptible change in price will create an infinite change in demand,since the firm can sell as much of this product on the market as it wants without affecting the price so the firm could control the quantity of output,when the quantity reach to a proper number(MR=MC)then it can realize profit maximization.In addition,When TR=TC which get to the break-even point the firm can earn economic profit in short run and it only can earn supernormal profit in short run due to this kind of market structure. What’s more,the average revenue is obtained by dividing the value of all the sales by the quantity sold,and marginal revenue denotes the revenue increase by selling one more unit of the product.A firm in perfect competition has the same selling price regardless how much it produces.Hence,average revenue should be the same as marginal revenue,which is equal to the price established in the market place for the industry(AR=TR/Q=PQ/Q=P,MR=△TR/△Q=△(PQ)/△Q=P) 3.2. Monopoly Download: txt (10.6 Kb) pdf (441.2 Kb) docx (233.8 Kb) Continue for 6 more pages »
Gamestorming methods Context Map by . 45 - 905 - 25 We don’t truly have a good grasp of a situation until we see it in a fuller context. The Context Map is designed to show us the external factors, trends, and forces at work surrounding an organization. Because once we have a systemic view of the external environment we’re in, we are better equipped to respond proactively to that landscape. 1. Hang six sheets of flip-chart paper on a wall in a two-row, three-column format. 2. On the top-middle sheet of flip-chart paper, draw a representation of the organization under discussion. It can be as simple as an image of your office building or an image of a globe to represent a global marketplace. Label the picture or scene. 3. On the same sheet of paper, above and to the left of the image, write the words “POLITICAL FACTORS”. Above and to the right, write the words “ECONOMIC CLIMATE”. 4. On the top-left sheet of flip-chart paper, draw several large arrows pointing to the right. Label this sheet “TRENDS”. Include a blank before the word TRENDS so that you can add a qualifier later. 5. On the top-right sheet of flip-chart paper, draw several large arrows pointing to the left. Label this sheet “TRENDS”. Again, include a blank before the word TRENDS so that you can add a qualifier later. 6. On the bottom-left sheet, draw large arrows pointing up and to the right. Label this sheet “TECHNOLOGY FACTORS”. 7. On the bottom-middle sheet, draw an image representing your client(s) and label the sheet “CUSTOMER NEEDS”. 8. On the bottom-right sheet, draw a thundercloud or a person with a question mark overhead and label this sheet “UNCERTAINTIES”. 1. Introduce the context map to the group. Explain that the goal of populating the map is to get a sense of the big picture in which your organization operates. Ask the players which category on the map they’d like to discuss first, other than TRENDS. Open up the category they select for comments and discussion. Write the comments they verbalize in the space created for that category. 2. Based on an indication from the group or your own sense of direction, move to another category and ask the group to offer ideas for that category. Continue populating the map with content until every category but TRENDS is filled in. 3. The two TRENDS categories can be qualified by the group, so take a quick poll to determine what kinds of trends the players would like to discuss. These could be online trends, demographic trends, growth trends, and so forth. As you help the players find agreement on qualifiers for the trends (conduct a dot vote or have them raise their hands if you need to), write those qualifiers in the blanks next to TRENDS. Then continue the process of requesting content and writing it in the appropriate space. 4. Summarize the overall findings with the group and ask for observations, insights, “aha’s,” and concerns about the context map. Note: It’s up to the players to paint a picture of the environment in which they sit, but as the meeting leader, you can help them generate content by asking intelligent and thoughtprovoking questions. Conduct research or employee interviews before the meeting if you need to. This game is based on The Grove Consultants International’s Leader’s Guide to Accompany the Context Map Graphic Guide® ©1996–2010 The Grove. Source: Gamestorming Comments (0)
Modern slavery explained: What is it and what can I do about it? This was published 5 years ago By Latika Bourke Slavery is not consigned to history as many people think, nor does it only involve people in the world's poorest countries. Not only does it persist in Australia but millions of Australians could be unwittingly supporting the some forms of slavery every time they go to the shops. What is modern slavery? Modern slavery is a hidden crime and refers to situations where a person is being exploited and cannot leave their situation because of threats, violence, coercion, deception and abuse of power. This is includes but is not limited to human trafficking, forced marriage, forced labour and debt bondage. Half of victims of slavery are estimated to be women and girls. Protestors rally against slavery of migrant workers in Qatar in Sydney in 2013. Protestors rally against slavery of migrant workers in Qatar in Sydney in 2013. Credit:Bibek Pradhan Which industries engage in modern slavery? Forced labour is seen in factories in the garment, technology, manufacturing, domestic work, food production and construction industries. Children are even engaged in forced labour for the military in Ukraine. The drug, sex and human trafficking industries are all also involved in slavery. Why is this issue currently in the news? Australian billionaire Andrew Forrest's philanthropic NGO Walk Free has just released its fourth annual survey measuring slavery across the world. Mr Forrest was first struck by the issue when his daughter Grace raised the issue of human trafficking with him. From there he had a conversation with Microsoft founder Bill Gates who told him that one of the best ways to start tackling the issue would be to measure it. He said without data you can't begin to find solutions. Mr Forrest also discovered forced labour was being used in the supply chains for his company Fortescue Metals. He said he is not proud of this but "absolutely pleased" he was able to discover it and stop south Indian workers from making widgets for next to nothing. Fortescue Metals chairman Andrew 'Twiggy' Forrest. Fortescue Metals chairman Andrew 'Twiggy' Forrest. Credit:Bohdan Warchomij So what did this survey find? It has found 45.8 million people live in slavery across 167 countries. More than half - or 58 per cent - of those live in India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Uzbekistan. But on a proportion of the population basis, North Korea comes out the worst with 4.4 per cent of its population in slavery. 46 million. That's double the size of Australia's population! Yep. Professor Kevin Bales from the Wilberforce Institute says if slavery were a country it would have the population roughly the size of Canada. "But economically it would be a very small country, about $150 billion which is what the United Nations thinks is generated by the criminal economy of slavery," Professor Bales says. "That's about the GDP of Angola, a poor place. So if slavery were a country it would be a small, poor country," he says. What's more, he estimates it would be the third largest emitter of carbon emissions behind China and India - primarily because of illegal deforestation. He wrote a book about it after noticing the places he visited where slavery was prevalent, so too was environmental destruction. So where does Australia sit in the scheme of things? Australia ranks equal 52nd or last place on the table alongside other developed nations like the United Kingdom, France, United States, Germany, Ireland, New Zealand and Norway. So it's not an issue at home? Not so fast. 4,300 people in Australia are estimated to be in modern slavery. You can read more here about what sorts of industries are affected. The other way this affects Australia is through the goods we buy everyday much of which are made in countries considered slavery hotspots. So what can I do about it? Andrew Forrest believes individual consumers have a huge ability to help tackle the problem. "If they just go shopping they can exercise this vote every day, where any Australian can just ask the question 'where was this shirt made or where is this food from? Can you tell me that there was no forced labour which made this shirt or food?'" "Now if they can't answer that question, there's a stony silence and that message is going to be communicated straight to the chief executive or the supply manager eventually up to people like me saying my customers are getting worried about my supply chain." Isn't this a bigger responsibility for business? Yes. Andrew Forrest says CEOs of big name brands have told him they deliberately turn a blind eye to the issue. "These are not household names, not necessarily Australian, and they've looked me straight in the eye and said I will not look for slavery in case I find it." Mr Forrest said he thinks the best way for governments to deal with the issue is to create an environment where business leaders can out themselves and be "celebrated" in the media for actively searching for it and then stamping it out. "It is very much carrot not stick," he says. "The modern slavery bill in the UK does have punitive measures in it unless of course you don't report," he says. What is the Australian government doing on this issue? Australia is trying to use the Bali Process, an international forum of 48 countries that focuses on human trafficking and people smuggling to combat the issue. The Global Slavery Index gives Australia a triple-B rating in 2016. Follow Latika Bourke on Facebook Interactive by Inga Ting Most Viewed in World
Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte, 1828) Cooper's Hawk Family: Accipitridae Species account author: Jamie Fenneman Photo of species © Tim Zurowski Email the photographer (Photo ID #7958) Distribution of Accipiter cooperii in British Columbia. (Click on the map to view a larger version.) Source: Distribution map provided by Jamie Fenneman for E-Fauna BC Species Information The upperparts of this species are grey or blue-grey with darker greyish flight feathers; in flight, the flight feathers show narrow darker banding. The long, slender, round-tipped tail is grey above and paler below, with several broad, darker grey bands and a narrow whitish tip. The underparts are whitish but are closely and densely barred with rufous on the breast, flanks, and belly; the white undertail coverts are long and often noticeably bushy. The underwing coverts are densely barred with rufous and are similar in colour to the underparts. The nape and cheeks are grayish or grayish-brown (often washed with rufous, especially in females), contrasting with the darker gray or blackish crown and forehead and the whitish throat; individuals sometimes erect the feathers on the rear of the head, giving the head a squared or slightly peaked appearance. Females are slightly browner than males. The iris is red (orange in younger adults), the bill is dark grey with a yellow cere, and the legs and feet are yellow. This plumage is held until approximately 11-16 months of age (the summer or fall of the second year). In this plumage, the upperparts are brownish with narrow paler brown or buffy edges to the feathers; the flight feathers are darker grey with paler brownish edges or narrow buffy or rufous-tinged tips. Often shows irregular pale buffy patches on the scapulars. When in flight, the flight feathers are noticeably banded with dark grey, especially below, and the underwing coverts are whitish with dark markings (similar to the underparts). The tail is similar in pattern to that of the adult, but is brownish rather than grey. The underparts (including the undertail coverts) are whitish with numerous narrow dark streaks on the breast and belly and dark barring on the sides and thighs; the undertail coverts sometimes show dark brownish streaking. The head is brownish or buffy-brown with narrow darker streaks on the crown, nape, and sides of the neck and sometimes the hint of a pale stripe above the eye; the throat is whitish with fine dark streaks. The iris is yellow, but bare part colouration (bill, legs, feet) is otherwise similar to the adult. Total Length: 36-51 cm (f > m) Mass: 262-474 g (f > m) Source: Curtis et al. (2006); Taylor (2006) The Cooper’s Hawk is very similar to Sharp-shinned Hawk in all plumages and is often problematic to identify. It is most readily identified by tail shape and (with practice) relative size. The longer tail of Cooper’s Hawk is generally noticeably rounded at the tip (unless some feathers are missing), whereas that of the Sharp-shinned Hawk is squared or, when fanned, only shallowly rounded. Cooper’s Hawk is also a noticeably larger, more slender bird and there is little or no overlap in size between the largest female Sharp-shinned Hawks and the smallest male Cooper’s Hawks; this feature can be difficult to use for identification, though, and requires a good familiarity with the size and shape variation in both species before it can be reliable. Other features that can be used to separate the two species include the darker and more contrasting cap on the flatter head of adult Cooper’s Hawks (dark cap lacking in Sharp-shinned, which also tends to show a more rounded head profile) and the usually more dense dark streaking and barring on the undersides of juvenile Sharp-shinned Hawks. When soaring, Sharp-shinned Hawks hold their wings pushed forward and crooked at the wrist (with the head in a slight recession along the leading edge of the wings), whereas Cooper’s Hawks hold the wings straight out with the leading edge more or less flat and the head more obviously protruding (sometimes described as a “flying cross” in shape). Sharp-shinned Hawks also have a slightly choppier flight style when in flapping flight, but this can be approached by small Cooper’s Hawks. Large female Cooper’s Hawks are also commonly confused with the other species of Accipiter in British Columbia, the Northern Goshawk. When seen well, adult Northern Goshawks are easily identified by a combination of their extensively grey-barred underparts (rufous-barred in Cooper’s) and variable, but often obvious, white eyebrow (lacking in Cooper’s). Structurally, Northern Goshawks are significantly bulkier and heavier, with relatively longer and pointier wings and a broader tail (almost approaching a Buteo in structure and very different from the more slender Cooper’s Hawk). Juvenile Northern Goshawks are the most likely to be confused with juvenile Cooper’s Hawks, but they too have a bold white eyebrow like the adults that is, at best, only weakly suggested in juvenile Cooper’s Hawks. This field mark, combined with the large structural differences, is generally sufficient to distinguish these two raptor species in most circumstances. The male's voice is usually higher-pitched than that of the female. The most commonly heard call by both sexes is a rather flat, repeated kak-kak-kak-kak or keh-keh-keh-keh alarm call, often given near the nest when the nest is threatened. Male also gives a higher-pitched keee-keee-keee-keee. Both sexes give a short kik location note, although it is more frequently given by males. Females sometimes give a longer whaaaa call when in the vicinity of prey that is being provided by the male or near the nest. Source: Sibley (2000); Curtis et al. (2006) Breeding Ecology The Cooper’s Hawk is a monogamous breeder during the breeding season, although only a portion of these pairs re-mate during successive years. The courtship displays typically involve slow, exaggerated wingbeats alternating with gliding with the wings held in a noticeable dihedral, often with the undertail coverts flared. Following pair formation, a perched individual of either sex (more often the males) often gives a bowing display to its mate prior to nest construction. Nest building begins in early spring, taking about 2 weeks to complete, and individuals usually rebuild the nest each year (sometimes adding onto the previous year’s nest or onto the nests of other birds or squirrels). Occasionally uses abandoned crow nests. The male does most of the nest building, although the female will contribute lining if an old nest is used. Most nests are found in coniferous trees, although some are placed in deciduous trees. The nest is a substantial (60-70 cm across), shallow (15-20 cm high), bulky platform of sticks, usually placed in the crotch of a large branch adjacent to the trunk, usually at a height of 9-15 m above the ground. It is lined with strips of bark, coniferous or deciduous twigs, and grasses. Clutches of (2) 3-4 (6) eggs are laid between late April and late June (mostly in May), and the incubation period is (30) 34-36 days. The last eggs have usually hatched in B.C. by the end of July. The majority of incubation is done by the female, with the male contributing only brief and infrequent periods. The smooth, non-glossy eggs are pale bluish when first laid but quickly fade to dingy white (often with a slight bluish tinge); they are rarely marked with a few pale brown speckles. This species is single-brooded, but may replace lost clutches. The nestlings are semi-altricial and downy, with short creamy-white or silky-white down and blue-grey or brown-tinged eyes. The young are tended by the female alone, although for the first three weeks after hatching the male brings food to the nest to feed both the young and the female. Following hatching, the young remain in the nest for (27) 30-34 days (slightly longer for females) before fledging. They are then tended by the female for ~3 weeks before becoming independent. Dates for nestlings in B.C. range from early June to late August. Source: Campbell et al. (1990b); Baicich and Harrison (1997); Curtis et al. (2006). Foraging Ecology Like other species in the genus Accipiter, the Cooper’s Hawk specializes on avian prey. Small to medium-sized birds such as robins, jays, flickers, starlings, doves, grouse, crows, pigeons, and sparrows form the bulk of its diet, and there is a single report of this species capturing a Belted Kingfisher in B.C. It occasionally predates predates nestlings such as those of the American Robin. It rarely takes other prey such as small mammals (chipmunks, mice, rabbits, squirrels, ground-squirrels, bats), amphibians, reptiles, insects, and even fish. Urban and suburban populations of Cooper’s Hawks are often largely dependent on backyard bird feeders and urban pigeon and sparrow populations as a source of prey. When hunting, individuals often perch for long periods of time in a concealed location watching for prey, often utilizing a series of perches within its territory over any given period. It also uses low-elevation flights to search for prey and only rarely stoops on prey from high elevation. When in flight, typically uses a series of shallow, quick wingbeats interspersed with short glides in a fashion that is characteristic of the genus Accipiter. Occasionally pursues prey on foot. This species generally relies on quick and sudden bursts of activity, often from areas of concealment, to surprise prey and is well adapted for quick flight through dense vegetation in pursuit of birds Source: Stewart (2003); Curtis et al. (2006); Weedon (2007). The Cooper’s Hawk is found in a wide variety of forested and semi-open to open habitats across its range in B.C. It is well-adapted to cities, residential areas, and parks and is often the most commonly encountered raptor in these habitats. Elsewhere, it is found in both open and closed forests of all types (deciduous, mixed, coniferous) as well as in riparian corridors, shrublands, agricultural areas, hedgerows, and open grasslands where there are few trees. It is usually encountered at low to middle elevations during the breeding season and low elevations during the winter, but it regularly moves through high elevations (alpine tundra, subalpine parkland) during fall migration Source: Campbell et al. (1990b); Curtis et al. (2006). Global Range Breeds across southern Canada and most of the United States, south into northern Mexico. Winters throughout most of its breeding range, although it withdraws from the northernmost fringes, as well as south through Mexico to Guatemala and Belize. BC Distribution Widespread and generally uncommon breeder across southern B.C., although it may be locally fairly common in some areas (e.g., urban areas of Victoria and the lower Fraser Valley). It breeds throughout Vancouver Island (although it is scarce away from the southeastern lowlands) and on the southern mainland coast adjacent to Vancouver Island, as well as east through the southern Coast and Cascade Mountains. It is uncommon throughout the southern interior east of the Coast-Cascade Mountains, north at least to the Prince George area (where it is scarce) and east to the Rocky Mountains; irregular during the breeding season farther north in the central interior to Williston Lake and west to the Bulkley Valley. It is rare during the breeding season in the Peace River area of northeastern B.C. but breeding has yet to be confirmed in this region. In winter, mostly confined to low elevations on the southern coast (primarily the Georgia Depression). East of the Coast-Cascade Mountains, the Cooper’s Hawk is uncommon in winter in the Okanagan Valley but is generally rare elsewhere in the valleys of the southern interior north to Kamloops and east to the southern Rocky Mountain Trench. It occasionally lingers in winter north to the central interior (Prince George area, Bulkley Valley). Juveniles tend to winter farther north than adults. Migration and Vagrancy Uncommon spring and fall migrant throughout the south coast, southern interior, and central interior of the province. Some populations on the south coast and southern interior (Okanagan Valley) are resident and their populations are augmented by migrants in the spring and fall. Spring migration occurs mainly during the second half of April, while fall migration occurs from late August to early November (peaking in September). It is a casual to very rare vagrant north and west to the Skeena River and northern mainland coast throughout the year. Source: Campbell et al. (1990b). Population and Conservation Status This species has experienced several major population declines in North America over the past hundred years (especially in the east) but has undergone a substantial recovery and populations are now stable across most of its range. Its adaptation to urbanized environments has significantly assisted in its recovery.It is not recognized as a species of conservation concern by either COSEWIC (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada) or the B.C. CDC (Conservation Data Centre) Source: Curtis et al. (2006). This species is monotypic, with no recognized subspecies, although western populations (sometimes called "A.c.mexicanus") average smaller with longer wings and shorter legs, and more rapidly develop redder irises as they age; juveniles may also average heavier streaking on the underparts. Most authorities do not consider these differences, which are weak and broadly clinal, to be sufficient to warrant subspecific recognition. Source: Curtis et al. (2006); Pyle (2008) Status Information Origin StatusProvincial StatusBC List (Red Blue List) NativeS5YellowNAR (May 1996) Additional Range and Status Information Links Additional Photo Sources General References
First book of adam and eve wiki 5.40 · 8,102 ratings · 521 reviews first book of adam and eve wiki What is the Book of Adam and Eve? \| File Name: first book of adam and eve Size: 28057 Kb Published 22.12.2018 Cain and Abel - First Two Son's of Adam & Eve - Book of Genesis I Animated Children's Bible Stories First Book of Adam and Eve Genesis is a British rock band [2] the first book of the Bible. Most people consider Genesis to be allegorical or mythological account. Most Biblical scholars think that the book is a confused melding of three distinct sources by an editor, making it highly self-contradictory. Biblical literalists and Young Earth Creationists consider its events to be literally, absolutely true. Except the parts they ignore, such as man and woman being created simultaneously in Genesis 1. The title is in fact an incipit — i. The Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan is a 6th century Christian extracanonical work found The first half of Malan's translation is included as the "First Book of Adam and Eve" and the "Second Book of Adam and Eve" in The Lost Books of. venice art and architecture book Platt, Jr. Where does it come from? Famously, Cain was responsible for the murder of his younger brother Abel , thus committing the first murder in history. After this murder Cain was sentenced to a nomadic life as a wanderer in a region respectively called Nod , making Cain the first nomad. Cain was born of Adam and Eve, presumably being the first of their children. The only clue of their location is that there were Cherubim guarding the eastern entrance into Eden inferring they were in the east. At Cain's birth, his mother Eve rejoiced and said with God's help she had brought forth a man. He may have bore the name Cain and eventually had his name come to be associated with a spear. Sometime after his birth, his brother Abel was born, with it possible that there were other brothers born before or after he was born. 1. Tilly G. says: Though she is not mentioned in the Torah , over the centuries she has become associated with Adam in order to reconcile contradictory versions of Creation in the book of Genesis. 2. Amdiegegwhi says: Navigation menu 3. Lloydy49 says: Kumon books for 3 year old black and white coloring book Leave a Reply
Monday, February 25, 2019 Want to see a Vampire Squid eat? What a STRANGE creature! Vampire squid Vampire squid A sole survivor in Vampiromorphyda order, vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis infernalis) is a living fossil that has remained basically unchanged since the age of dinosaurs, over 3 million years ago. Originally discovered in 1903, it was named the vampire squid from hell although it actually isn’t neither a vampire nor a squid. The most distinctive feature of this science fiction looking creature are unusually large deep blue or red eyes. It fact, vampire squid has largest eyes relative to body in the entire animal kingdom. It has eight long arms with light producing organs covering the entire body. Vampyroteuthis has very good control over these organs which gives it unique ability to camouflage itself in order to avoid predators or disorientate pray by flashing, making it easier to capture. Despite its intimidating appearance, vampire squid is a smaller animal, reaching maximum length of 11 in (28 cm) with a 4 in (10 cm) long mantle. Human encounters are rare as they inhabit regions between 300 ft (90 m) and 3000 feet (900 m) below the sea surface. Vampire squid captures prey, such as small shrimps, by surrounding them with the webbing between it’s arms. Once the victim is trapped, it is pushed inside towards the mouth. When it is threatened or startled, it curls its webbing around the entire body, forming a defensive web which confuses the predator. Vampire squid The body composition of the vampire squid is similar to the one of a jellyfish. When it wants to move, it uses fin flapping and jet propulsion, reaching impressive speed of two body lengths per second. This is definitely one adapt survivor, as oxygen levels are very low in its environment and temperatures are often near the freezing point. It is neither threatened or dangerous to humans. Vampire squid Today's funny :o) Not much.... ... going on in Coopville. Foggy, damp and cold: But I did get some new fish! (and a green snail) ((Oh, the excitement! /S)) Too muddy for the gang to be let out: It was a good day to make pea soup - just finished adding the ham to the crock pot: It was finished by suppertime - Yummy! Sunday, February 24, 2019 Easy Listening for a Sunday Afternoon Vaughn Monroe I love you, there's nothing to hide, It's better than burning inside, I love you, no use to pretend, There! I've said it again. I've said it, what more can I say, Believe me, there's no other way, I love you, I will to the end, There! I've said it again. I try to drum up, A phrase that will sum up, All that I feel for you. But what good are phrases, The thought that amazes, Is that you love me, And it's heavenly. Forgive me for wanting you so, But one thing I want you to know, I've loved you since heaven knows when, There! I've said it again Friday, February 22, 2019 Friday Night Steam What a beauty!!! The SP&S 700 SP&S 700 smokebox by David Roy The SP&S 700 is significant in almost every way. Its history is as important as any other locomotive in the Pacific Northwest, having provided the power for the premier passenger trains connecting one of the largest cities on the west coast with the Midwest and East. The locomotive is noteworthy from an engineering perspective as well, as it represents the state of the art of practical design, manufacture, and operation when steam was king on the nation's rails. It sports then-new features like Timkin roller bearings and boasts the highest axle-loading of any Northern-type locomotive ever produced in North America. Finally, the 700 is remarkable simply for the rare fact that it still operates more than 75 years after it was built, making it the largest steam locomotive currently in operation. And then there's the locomotive's obvious sensory significance: it's big, strong, hot, loud, smelly, and fast! This page explores the SP&S 700's place in history, facets of its engineering and design, the locomotive's restoration and maintenance by the PRPA, and its thunderous impact on the senses. SP&S Service History From 1912 onward, the Spokane, Portland & Seattle Railway provided the best freight and passenger route from Portland and the Columbia River Valley toward the east. Despite the fact that the railroad formed this important link, traffic on the new line was slow to develop, partially due to the intra-family competition between its builders, the Great Northern and Northern Pacific. Having no real need of the newest and most powerful locomotives, at first nearly all of the SP&S's engines were hand-me-downs from its parents. However, by the mid-1930s the railroad was woefully underpowered. Its largest passenger locomotives were Pacifics (4-6-2s), and its largest freight engines were Mikados (2-8-2s), with the newest of these having been built in 1920. The SP&S had a hard time competing against the newer, larger power owned by the Union Pacific and operated on the competing ex-OR&N line just across the Columbia River. Finally, in 1937, NP and GN allowed the SP&S to purchase its first new locomotives: three Northerns (4-8-4s) classed E-1 and six Challengers (4-6-6-4s) classed Z-6. The new SP&S engines were added onto Northern Pacific orders and were identical in design to NP's class A-3 Northerns and class Z-6 Challengers except that they were built to burn oil instead of coal. The 700's Baldwin Locomotive Works builder's plate Baldwin Locomotive Works delivered the Northerns to the Spokane, Portland & Seattle Railway in 1938 as numbers 700, 701, and 702. The 700 was the first to arrive and was shown off to communities along the company's mainline before entering regular service. The new 4-8-4s were specifically purchased to power the SP&S's premier passenger service. This train—No. 1 westbound from Spokane and No. 2 on the return from Portland—included the Portland segments of GN's famous Empire Builder and NP's North Coast Limited. Both originated in Chicago (running over the CB&Q from Chicago to St. Paul) and were broken into two sections in eastern Washington, with one segment bound for Portland via the SP&S and the other bound to Seattle over the Cascades. Two of the locomotives, typically 700 and 702, were employed almost continuously in this service, with the 701 operating freight on the mainline except when filling in for one of her sisters when they required servicing. The engines' good looks and graceful operation soon earned them the nickname "The Ladies." As the 700 was the first on the property, she became known colloquially as "The First Lady of the Northwest" or simply "The Lady." During its regular service life, The Lady played an important role in developing and maintaining the prominence enjoyed by the City of Portland, and it is an integral part of the city's history and culture as well as that of the Columbia River Valley and eastern Washington. Recognizing this, the SP&S donated the 700 to the City of Portland in the final days of steam, sparing it from the scrapper's torch. The locomotive remains the property of the City, but it is officially under the care of the PRPA. Visit our page on Portland's railroad history or peruse the websites of the Pacific Northwest Chapter of the National Railway Historical Society and the Spokane, Portland & Seattle Railway Historical Society to deepen your understanding of the important role that railroads played in the development of the Northwest. Today's funny :o) Two elderly gentlemen had been friends for many decades. I've thought and thought, but I can't remember it. Please tell me what your name is.... His friend stared at him for at least three minutes -- he just stared and stared at him. Finally, he said, 'How soon do you need to know?' More ice! Snowed on Wednesday and ended with sleet: Thursday morning: Everything was coated with ice! The dogwood tree: Forsythia bushes: The pine tree: It was beautiful! Then the fog rolled in and everything started to melt - sounded like rain! I was surprised the gang walked out on the ice! The temps went up into the 40's in the afternoon and a lot just melted away! Wednesday, February 20, 2019 Like to draw? How pencils are made from graphite, clay and wood at the production site of Faber-Castell AG in Nuremberg, Germany. Today's funny :o) Mr. Smith climbed to the top of Mt. Sinai to get close enough to talk to God. Looking up, he asked the Lord.. "God, what does a million years mean to you?" The Lord replied, "A minute." Mr. Smith asked, "And what does a million dollars mean to you?" The Lord replied, "A penny." Mr. Smith asked, "Can I have a penny?" The Lord replied, "In a minute." Gettin' ready..... ..... for MORE snow! Hubby testing the generator: Monday morning ice: The neighbor's horses taking a nap: The gang wandering about in the sunshine: Looked up and noticed this icicle hanging from inside the limb- never saw THAT before! Monday, February 18, 2019 Today's funny :o) A really BIG H/T to Donna! As I get older, I realize: #2 - I consider "In Style" to be the clothes that still fit. #4 - My people skills are just fine. It's my tolerance for idiots that needs work. #6 - I have days when my life is just a tent away from a circus. #7 - These days, "on time" is when I get there. #10 - Lately, I've noticed people my age are so much older than me. #13 - Some days I have no idea what I'm doing out of bed. #14 - I thought growing old would take longer #15 - Aging sure has slowed me down, but it hasn't shut me up. #16 - I still haven't learned to act my age. A big treat! Bought the gang a BIG treat at TS last week. It was filled with lots of good pecking at goodies - especially mealy worms! They loved it! Then they went for a walk: There was quite a bit of snow on the ground: By yesterday, most of it had melted: Charlie pretending he's found goodies for the girls to eat: The official Coopville Clean Coop Clucking Inspector: I hope all this cold weather will be over soon....... sigh....... Friday, February 15, 2019 Friday Night Steam Let go and visit Jay! Traction engine From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A typical preserved traction engine: 1909 Burrell 6 nhp general purpose engine, at Great Dorset Steam Fair in 2018. Traction engines tend to be large, robust and powerful, but heavy, slow, and difficult to manoeuvre. Nevertheless, they revolutionized agriculture and road haulage at a time when the only alternative prime mover was the draught horse. They became popular in industrialised countries from around 1850, when the first self-propelled portable steam engines for agricultural use were developed. Production continued well into the early part of the 20th century, when competition from internal combustion engine-powered tractors saw them fall out of favour, although some continued in commercial use in the United Kingdom well into the 1950s and later. All types of traction engines have now been superseded in commercial use. However, several thousand examples have been preserved worldwide, many in working order. Steam fairs are held throughout the year in the United Kingdom, and in other countries, where visitors can experience working traction engines at close hand. Aveling & Porter traction engine 'Avellana' The traction engine, in the form recognisable today, was developed from an experiment in 1859 when Thomas Aveling modified a Clayton & Shuttleworth portable engine, which had to be hauled from job to job by horses, into a self-propelled one. The alteration was made by fitting a long driving chain between the crankshaft and the rear axle. Thomas Aveling is regarded as "the father of the traction engine". Other influences were existing vehicles which were the first to be referred to as traction engines such as the Boydell engines manufactured by various companies and those developed for road haulage by Bray. The first half of the 1860s was a period of great experimentation but by the end of the decade the standard form of the traction engine had evolved and would change little over the next sixty years. The last new UK-built traction engines were constructed during the 1930s, although many continued in commercial use for many years while there remained experienced engineers available to drive them. Hornsby chain tractor (working scale model) Agricultural (general purpose) engine Ransomes, Sims & Jefferies Ltd 6 nhp Jubilee of 1908 "Big Lizzie", a purpose built tractor with two trailers, designed and built by Frank Bottrill using the Dreadnaught wheel which he designed. When built "Big Lizzie" was the biggest tractor in Australia and thought to be the biggest in the world, at 34 feet high by 18 feet wide, and weighing 45 tons. US (agricultural) traction engine Ploughing engine The man credited with the invention of the ploughing engine, in the mid-nineteenth century, was John Fowler, an English agricultural engineer and inventor. However a ploughing engine, devised by Peter, Lord Willoughby de Eresby and his bailiff George Gordon Scott, and constructed at Swindon Works, was exhibited at the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London, some years before Fowler's system appeared. Lord Willoughby had indicated that his design could be copied freely, and Fowler had visited Grimsthorpe Castle, the estate where the ploughing engines were deployed.
Lute and double pipe players from a mural found in the Theban tomb of Nebamun, a nobleman of the 18th Dynasty of the New Kingdom, c. 1350 BC Egyptian instrumentals Music has been an integral part of Egyptian culture since antiquity in Egypt. Egyptian music had a significant impact on the development of ancient Greek music, and via the Greeks it was important to early European music well into the Middle Ages. Due to the thousands of years long dominance of Egypt over its neighbors, Egyptian culture, including music and musical instruments, was very influential in the surrounding regions; for instance, the instruments claimed in the Bible to have been played by the ancient Hebrews are all Egyptian instruments as established by Egyptian archaeology. Egyptian modern music is considered as a main core of Middle Eastern and Oriental music as it has a huge influence on the region due to the popularity and huge influence of Egyptian cinema and music industries, owing to the political influence Egypt has on its neighboring countries, as well as Egypt producing the most accomplished musicians and composers in the region, specially in the 20th century, a lot of them are of international stature.[1] The tonal structure music in the East is defined by the maqamat, loosely similar to the Western modes, while the rhythm in the East is governed by the iqa'at, standard rhythmic modes formed by combinations of accented and unaccented beats and rests. Neolithic period In prehistoric Egypt, music and chanting were commonly used in magic and rituals. Rhythms during this time were unvaried and music served to create rhythm. Small shells were used as whistles.[2]: 26–30 Predynastic period Old Kingdom Medieval music Early Middle Eastern music was influenced by Byzantine and Roman forms, which were themselves heavily influenced by earlier Greek, Semitic, and Ancient Egyptian music. The music of Medieval Egypt was derived from Ancient Egyptian and Byzantine traditions. Lane said that "the most remarkable peculiarity of the Arabic system of music is the division of tones into thirds," although today Western musicologists prefer to say that Arabic music's tones are divided into quarters. The songs of this period were similar in sound and simple, within a small range of tones. Egyptian song, though simple in form, is embellished by the singer. Distinct enunciation and a quavering voice are also characteristics of Egyptian singing.[3]: 360–361 Modern Egyptian classical and pop music Egyptian music began to be recorded in the 1910s when Egypt was still part of the Ottoman Empire. The cosmopolitan Ottoman rulers encouraged the development of the arts, encouraging women and locals to develop their musical abilities. By the fall of the Empire, Egypt's classical musical tradition was already thriving, centered on the city of Cairo. In general, modern Egyptian music blends its rich indigenous traditions, with some western elements that helped create Egypt's pop music. Since the end of World War I, some of the Middle East's biggest musical stars have been Egyptian. Contemporary Egyptian music traces its beginnings to the creative work of Abdu el-Hamuli, Almaz, and Mahmud Osman, as well as the later work of the 20th century's most important Egyptian composers and singers: Sayed Darwish, Umm Kulthum, Mohammed Abdel Wahab, Abdel Halim Hafez, and Zakariya Ahmed. Most of these stars, including Umm Kulthum and Nagat El-Saghira, were part of the traditional Egyptian music. Some, like Abd el-Halim Hafez, were associated with the Egyptian nationalist movement from 1952 onward.[citation needed] Cairo-born Fatma Said was the first Egyptian soprano to sing at the Teatro alla Scala, Milan,[6] and from 2016-2018 took part in BBC Radio 3 New Generation Artists scheme.[7] Western classical music Cairo Opera House, a landmark in the cultural landscape of Egypt and the Middle East Religious music in Egypt Religious music remains an essential part of traditional Sufi Muslim and Coptic Christian celebrations called mulids. Mulids are held in Egypt to celebrate the saint of a particular church or an exalted local Muslim figure. Muslim mulids are related to the Sufi zikr ritual. The Egyptian flute, called the ney, is commonly played at mulids. The liturgical music of the Alexandrian Rite also constitutes an important element of Egyptian music and is said to have preserved many features of ancient Egyptian music. Folkloric music Egyptian folk music, including the traditional Sufi dhikr rituals in Egypt, are the closest contemporary music genre to ancient Egyptian music, having preserved many of its features, rhythms, and instruments.[8][9] Folk and roots revival An Egyptian band playing the simsimiyya. An Egyptian band playing the simsimiyya. Ancient Egyptian lyre. Ancient Egyptian lyre. The Egyptian darbuka/tabla. The Egyptian darbuka/tabla. Sawahli (coastal) music is a type of popular Egyptian music from the country's northern coast, and is based around ancient Egyptian instrumentals, mainly the simsimiyya, which is an indigenous Egyptian stringed instrument that has its roots in ancient Egypt, it---the simsimiyya---was probably introduced to the country's northern coast from the Nile valley in the 19th century by Egyptian workers in the Suez Canal. Well known Egyptian bands that feature the simsimiyya as a main instrument include el-Tanboura, which uses other ancient Egyptian instruments. Saidi (Upper Egyptian) Egyptian musicians from Upper Egypt play a form of folk music called Ṣa‘īdi which originates from Upper Egypt. Metqal Qenawi's Les Musiciens du Nil (Musicians of the Nile; who became known to Alain Weber in 1975), are the most popular Sa‘īdi group, and were chosen by the government to represent Egyptian folk music abroad. They spent over three decades touring Europe performing at various festivals and musical events and in 1983 after their performance in the World of Music and Dance Festival, they were signed to Peter Gabriel's label Real World-Carolina and went on to feature on his Album Passion. Other performers include Shoukoukou, Ahmad Ismail, Omar Gharzawi, Sohar Magdy and Ahmed Megahid. Egyptian musical instruments A typical early 20th century Egyptian ensemble comprising the Oud, qanun, violin, ney, and cello. Many of the modern day instruments, both in the East and the West, trace their roots back to ancient Egypt, and many ancient Egyptian instruments are still used in Egypt today, such as the darbuka, the simsimiyya, the Egyptian ney, among other instruments. During the Abbasid and Ottoman dynasty Egypt was one of the main musical hubs in the middle east and therefore after the fall of the Ottoman Empire in 1923 Egypt became the capital of music in the Arabic-speaking world where classical instruments such as the oud, qanun, and ney were widely used. The typical takht (ensemble) consisted of an Oud player, qanun player, ney player and violin player. The takht (literally meaning a sofa) was the most common form of ensembles in the early 20th century before the adoption of more orchestral instruments which were introduced by composers such as Mohamed El Qasabgi, Riad El Sunbati and Mohammed Abdel Wahab. Electronic music One of the most respected early electronic music composers, Halim El-Dabh, is an Egyptian. Active at the same time, or perhaps earlier than, the French electronic pioneers from the Studio d’Essai, he is one of, if not the, earliest composer of purely electronic music. In 1944 he composed the earliest known work of tape music, or musique concrète, called The Expression of Zar, which he composed in Egypt, while still a student in Cairo, by capturing sounds from the streets of Egypt on a wire recorder. The Egyptian electronic music scene has gained a mainstream foothold in the forms of techno, trance, and dance pop DJs such as Aly & Fila. In the 2010s, Mahraganat music, an Egyptian form of electronic music which often contains political lyrics, gained popularity both inside and outside Egypt.[10] Reconstruction of ancient Egyptian music In the 20th and early 21st centuries, interest in the music of the pharaonic/ancient Egyptian period began to grow, inspired by the research of such foreign-born musicologists as Hans Hickmann, who lived and worked in Egypt. By the early 21st century, Egyptian musicians and musicologists led by the Egyptian musicology professor Khairy el-Malt at Helwan University in Cairo had begun to reconstruct musical instruments of ancient Egypt, a project that is ongoing.[11] See also Notes and references 1. ^ Asante, Molefi Kete (2002). Culture and Customs of Egypt. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 117&153. ISBN 978-0-313-31740-8. 2. ^ a b Pérez-Arroyo, Rafael (2003). Egypt: Music in the Age of the Pyramids (1st ed.). Madrid: Centro de Estudios Egipcios. p. 28. ISBN 8493279617. 4. ^ Egypt: Hasaballah, the People's Music, Al Jazeera, 22 Nov 2017 5. ^ Hasaballah Music: The Past and The Present Archived 2017-01-08 at the Wayback Machine, The Community Times, 24 May 2016 6. ^ "Fatma Said". The American University in Cairo. Retrieved 10 May 2020. 7. ^ "Fatma Said Biography (BBC)". BBC. Retrieved 10 May 2020. 11. ^ Ancient Egyptian Music Symposium Further reading
UnstructuredGrid.find_closest_cell(point: Union[int, numpy.ndarray]) Union[int, numpy.ndarray] Find index of closest cell in this mesh to the given point. pointiterable(float) or np.ndarray Length 3 coordinate of the point to query or a numpy array of coordinates. int or numpy.ndarray Index or indices of the cell in this mesh that is closest to the given point. Find nearest cell to a point on a sphere >>> import pyvista >>> mesh = pyvista.Sphere() >>> index = mesh.find_closest_cell([0, 0, 0.5]) >>> index Find the nearest cells to several random points. Note that -1 indicates that the locator was not able to find a reasonably close cell. >>> import numpy as np >>> points = np.random.random((1000, 3)) >>> indices = mesh.find_closest_cell(points) >>> indices.shape
817-808-9736 support 24/7 Home » essay cases » 33097904 string(39) ‘ to regulate the actions of the people\. ‘ In today’s’ complicated and ever changing culture, we often make an effort to achieve a feeling of stability and familiarity around us. One way the west has attempted to make existence a little less difficult is by employing a function today know because “McDonaldization”. McDonaldization is defined as “the process by which the principles from the fast food restaurant are going to dominate a growing number of sectors of yankee society and also the rest of the community. ” (1) The success of McDonalds, and of McDonaldization as a whole, is due to four basic factors, performance, calculability, predictability, and control. One of the first functions of McDonaldization is productivity. Efficiency means choosing the the best possible means to a great given end. In our contemporary society, people want to have points go as quickly and as efficiently as possible, but they do not need to find out the fastest way themselves. Instead, people love to have a process that has already been used and that they know functions. Efficiency features its advantages of both consumers, who get what they want quickly and with little work, and for staff, who can conduct their tasks in a straightforward manner. The fast food sector is very streamlined, because hamburgers are the most basic ood there may be to make. Additional foods likewise do not need a lot of elements, and they are easy to make and also to eat. Almost all of the food is usually prepared therefore one can take in it with the hands, therefore reducing the need for utensils. In the process of McDonaldization, consumers are required to do a quite a bit of work as well. They have to stand on line, bring their own foodstuff, and dispose off the garbage. This is not as useful for the customer, but it helps you to save time for the employees. Education, healthcare, and the workplace are all turning out to be McDonaldalized in order to be more efficient. Efficiency in McDonaldization has streamlined many techniques, simplified goods and services, and pushes the consumer to complete work as very well. Another factor of McDonaldization is calculability. This will put more of an emphasis on quantity instead of quality, but it really allows the customer to get a lots of food quickly. When things are easily counted, it assists in the process by looking into making it even more predictable by using the same amount of materials. Part of B is an emphasis on size. Everything is “super measured, ” and have names that make food items appear larger than they are. Calculability, however , also leads to the caliber of the food becoming neglected. Because people feel as if they can be getting a wide range of food for their money, they can be not as concerned with how good that tastes. Food is always acessed and measured precisely, which is another part of calculability. Almost all burgers think about the same amount, there are the same range of fries in each box, and the new drink machines dispense the same amount to each cup. This same theory is seen within our education program. Students happen to be herded through, and no one really will pay much focus on what or perhaps how they happen to be earning, that they acquire high grades so they can get into a good college or university. Health care has additionally seen the effect of these, because now sufferers are mainly treated just to press some money away of them, and doctors relatively don’t genuinely care about their very own patients ever again. Calculability basically reduces the standard of goods, although improves the The third function of McDonaldization is predictability. In our world, people generally want to know precisely what to expect by a given condition. Predictability provides consumer a rest from having to make difficult decisions, and the worker is capable of doing heir job with small effort. The needs of everyone become easily anticipated. Main places predictability became prevalent was with motel chains. Before hotels became franchised, guests don’t know exactly what they would receive, for the favorable or the awful. But then hotels such as Getaway Inn and Howard Johnson’s started, and guests realized exactly what we were holding going to receive when they remained there. This new practice was copied in the food market, namely by McDonalds. First, they started with a large and obvious sign, that might be easily acknowledged. People via around the world today know this individual McDonalds sign is a giant yellow “M”. Something else that may be predictable is a way personnel are forced to interact with buyers. Employees have got a arranged script that they must follow, and this gives all of them some control of their customers. Their particular work is also done in precisely the same manner, for instance , the burgers all has to be cooked the exact same way for a simlar amount of time. Additionally, they must dress and act in a selected way. Customers themselves respond predictably in fast food restaurants, as they obtain their food, carry it to their stand, eat, clean their garbage, and keep. Now everyone knows this is the ay one must act within a fast food restaurant. The food by itself is predictable as well, and there are not many alternatives in take out restaurants. It truly is basically the same from foodstuff chain to food cycle. Predictability is also found in other institutions, including in education. Professors generally stand in the front of the class, close to a blackboard while that they lecture. The majority of colleges supply the same form of classes, as well as testing is similar, if multiple choice checks are used. Healthcare as well will be based upon a series of guidelines, regulations and controls that restrict the physicians and maintain their patterns controlled. Department stores, home cooking, casing, and holidays are all obtaining very estimated as well. Predictability is attained in a number of techniques, mainly by replication of settings, the usage of scripts and a routine way of performing, as well as a schedule product. A final dimension of McDonaldization is definitely increased control. Recently, new technologies have already been developed in order to control the actions in the people. You read ‘The Four standard Factors of McDonaldization’ in category ‘Essay examples’ Software and computers are both easier to deal with and also to manage than people. Companies hope to gain control over people by using and developing new and more successful technologies. A single people are handled, their behavior is easily feasible and machinelike, and when that happens, people then can be replaced by simply robots. Junk food restaurants might not have cooks, mainly because that would suggest they were forced to rely on one person. Instead, all their is a simple process that any individual can be conditioned to do, and following particular steps brings about the same item. McDonalds already as a number of new systems which minimizes the need for real people to operate. There is a soda dispenser that shuts alone off immediately, a french smolder machine which could cook the fries tself, and a cash register with all the prices pre-programmed. Robots possess a number of advantages over people, because they cost less, maximize efficiency, will need fewer staff, and they are under no circumstances absent. Consumers are controlled by the management as well. People understand exactly what they must do within a drive through window, and also what to do inside restaurant. Supervision discourages persons from remaining in the cafe for long, so that there is more area for other customers. The food is made eaten quickly, and with little chaos. In most meals industries, systems where humans basic function is only to plan nd maintain the method is becoming major, and upgrading the processes exactly where people should be skilled to be able to work. Education is McDonaldized as well, since professors must follow a arranged curriculum, and class times must adapt to a certain length. Health care is definitely controlled by simply various rules and bureaucracies, which are designed to control the two patient as well as the doctors. Marketing is used now at a far more personal level, and attempts to control the minds in the people in thinking a particular way. The primary objective of control may be the reduce the questions of a organization, and technology tries to control work related rocesses, plus the finished merchandise. McDonaldization is found all around us, actually at Hofstra University. Taking care of of college or university life containing become greatly McDonaldized is definitely the registration method. At Hofstra, students need to choose their particular classes coming from a given list, and then talk with their expert to accept it. Then they have to take all their registration cards to Funeral service Hall, exactly where they take quite a few, and wait for their choose be referred to as. Only then can your For the first element of McDonaldization, efficiency, the registration method is definitely not properly. When learners first reach Memorial, they may be forced to take a number, like at a deli countertop. They then must wait. And wait. And wait, just for their amount to be referred to as. Students are forced to wait pertaining to sometimes as long as three or four several hours to make a routine. Although it is preferable to a arbitrary free for all those, with everybody scrambling about at the same time, there is still much that can be done elevate it. At some elements of the day, you will discover as few as three windows available, with more than one hundred students waiting. This process can hardly end up being called successful, when some other niversities have got phone or electronic sign up, which can be completed in a few Calculability is also noticed during the registration process. The key idea is usually to try to complete as many agendas in the shortest amount of time. However , this triggers students not to receive virtually any individualized focus, and they are forced to make their particular schedules by themselves with little guidance. This is because the main fascination is in quantity, as opposed to the quality from the schedules. In fact , the school prefers to have the deficiency of guidance, as it causes students to take needless credits, and they then ust spend more time at school, while having to pay even more funds. This system is fairly predictable, while not in a great way. During enrollment time, learners know that they are going to have to use many hours just waiting in line with nothing to do. They also may predict there will not be any seats left, that half of the glass windows will be shut by lunch time, and that it will eventually always be about a million levels in the waiting around area. Pupils also are used to the gray routine booklets, plus the yellow subscription cards. Discovering either of the people items prospects the students to consider xactly what they must move through, in order to register successfully. A final element, control, is seen as very well. Students are being managed by a little little slide of paper they hold in their hand, which has a simple number on it. That number implies their place on line, nonetheless it was generated by a computer, which keeps program how many people will be waiting. Learners also rely on the kiosk system, which usually shows which in turn classes are nonetheless open, and which have been closed out. These factors help to keep registration like a controlled process. McDonaldization has become more and more widespread in today’s changing world. Nevertheless , it permits us to expect specific things, will help us to manage our period better, and make lifestyle in general somewhat simpler. In addition, it, however , reduces the individuals of our society, and forces them to comply with a arranged standard, which can be considered the usual. Some locations are able to employ McDonaldization effectively, while others continue to be struggling to implement that in a way that makes it work. It is just a complicated method, which needs a good deal of thinking and brainstorming to manage successfully. Overall, McDonaldization has both positive and adverse impacts in our world. < Prev post Next post > Find Another Essay On Exploiting My Strengths and Strengthening My Weaknesses Life When people ask about this is of their lives, they are much more likely concerned as to what worth might their actions be on Earth if there is simply ... string(121) ‘ of subject competence but whom share a similar group of pupils and a common planning period to prepare for the teaching\. ‘ A Whole New Mind Almarene Lowndes ... 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Gustavus Adolphus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Gustavus Adolphus Portrait attributed to Jacob Hoefnagel King of Sweden Reign30 October 1611 – 6 November 1632 Coronation12 October 1617 PredecessorCharles IX Born(1594-12-09)9 December 1594 Castle Tre Kronor, Sweden Battle of Lützen near Lützen, Electorate of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire Burial22 June 1634 SpouseMaria Eleonora of Brandenburg IssueGustav of Vasaborg Christina, Queen of Sweden FatherCharles IX, King of Sweden MotherChristina of Holstein-Gottorp Gustavus Adolphus (9 December [N.S 19 December] 1594 – 6 November [N.S 16 November] 1632), also known in English as Gustav II Adolf or Gustav II Adolph,[1] was King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632, and is credited for the rise of Sweden as a great European power (Swedish: Stormaktstiden). During his reign, Sweden became one of the primary military forces in Europe during the Thirty Years' War, helping to determine the political and religious balance of power in Europe. He was formally and posthumously given the name Gustavus Adolphus the Great (Swedish: Gustav Adolf den store; Latin: Gustavus Adolphus Magnus) by the Riksdag of the Estates in 1634.[2][3][4] He is often regarded as one of the greatest military commanders in modern history, with use of an early form of combined arms.[5] His most notable military victory was the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631). With his resources, logistics, and support, Gustavus Adolphus was positioned to become a major European leader,[6] but he was killed a year later at the Battle of Lützen (1632). He was assisted in his efforts by Count Axel Oxenstierna, the Lord High Chancellor of Sweden, who also acted as regent after his death. Coming to the throne at the age of 16, Gustavus Adolphus inherited three wars from his father Charles IX of Sweden; border conflicts with Russia and Denmark-Norway, and a dynastic struggle with his first cousin, King Sigismund III Vasa of Poland.[7] Of these, the Danish war was the most serious.[8] During his reign, Sweden rose from the status of a Baltic Sea basin regional power to one of the great powers of Europe and a model of early modern era government.[citation needed] Gustavus Adolphus is known as the "father of modern warfare",[9] or the first modern general. He taught a number of other military commanders, such as Lennart Torstensson, who would go on to expand the boundaries and the power of Swedish Empire after Gustavus Adolphus's death. Spoils meant he became a successful bookraider in Europe, targeting Jesuit collections.[10] His contributions to Sweden's rise in power included reformation of the administrative structure. For example, he began parish registration of the population, so that the central government could more efficiently tax and conscript the people.[11] Historian Christer Jorgensen argues that his actions in the fields of economic reform, trade, modernization, and the creation of a modern bureaucracy were as significant as his actions in war.[citation needed] His domestic reforms, starting from a medieval economy and society, were the foundation for his victories in Germany as well as the creation and survival of the Swedish Empire.[12][failed verification] Biographical details[edit] Gustavus Adolphus was born in Stockholm on 19 December 1594, eldest son of Duke Charles of the House of Vasa and his second wife, Christina of Holstein-Gottorp. At the time, his cousin Sigismund was both King of Sweden and Poland. The Protestant Duke Charles forced the Catholic Sigismund to let go of the throne of Sweden in 1599, a part of the preliminary religious strife before the Thirty Years' War, and reigned as regent before taking the throne as Charles IX of Sweden in 1604. Crown Prince Gustav Adolph had Gagnef-Floda in Dalecarlia as a duchy from 1610. Upon his father's death in October 1611, a sixteen-year-old Gustavus inherited the throne, being declared of age and able to reign himself at seventeen as of 16 December.[13] He also inherited an ongoing succession of occasionally belligerent dynastic disputes with his Polish cousin. Sigismund III wanted to regain the throne of Sweden and tried to force Gustavus Adolphus to renounce the title. Gustavus Adolphus leading a cavalry charge In a round of this dynastic dispute, Gustavus Adolphus invaded Livonia when he was 31, beginning the Polish–Swedish War (1626–29). He intervened on behalf of the Lutherans in Germany, who opened the gates of their cities to him.[citation needed] His reign became known from his actions a few years later when in June 1630 he landed in Germany, marking the Swedish Intervention in the Thirty Years' War. Gustavus Adolphus intervened on the anti-Imperial side, which at the time was losing to the Holy Roman Empire and its Catholic allies; the Swedish forces would quickly reverse that situation. Gustavus Adolphus was married to Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg,[a] the daughter of John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, and chose the Prussian city of Elbing as the base for his operations in Germany. He died in the Battle of Lützen in 1632. His death was a great loss to the Lutheran side, resulting in large parts of Germany and other countries, which had been conquered for Lutheranism, to be reconquered for Catholicism (via the Counter-Reformation).[citation needed] His involvement in the Thirty Years' War gave rise to the saying that he was the incarnation of "the Lion of the North" (German: "Der Löwe aus Mitternacht", lit. The Lion of Midnight).[citation needed] Historian Ronald S. Love wrote that in 1560–1660 there were "a few innovators, notably Maurice of Nassau and Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, whom many scholars credit with revolutionary developments in warfare and with having laid the foundations of military practice for the next two centuries."[14] Scholars consider him an extremely able military commander.[15] His integration of infantry, cavalry, logistics, and particularly his use of artillery, earned him the title of the "Father of Modern Warfare". Future commanders who studied and admired Gustavus Adolphus include Napoleon I of France and Carl von Clausewitz. His advancements in warfare made Sweden the dominant Baltic power for the next hundred years (see Swedish Empire). He is also the only Swedish monarch to be styled "the Great". This decision was made by the Swedish Estates of the Realm when they convened in 1633, making him officially called Gustavus Adolphus the Great (Gustavus Adolphus Magnus). Gustavus Adolphus was the main figure responsible for the success of Swedish arms during the Thirty Years' War and led his nation to great prestige. As a general, Gustavus Adolphus employed mobile artillery on the battlefield, as well as very aggressive tactics, where attack was stressed over defense, and mobility and cavalry initiative were emphasized. His artillery were themselves different—in addition to the usual complements of heavy cannon, he introduced light mobile guns for the first time into the Renaissance battlefield. These were grouped in batteries supporting his more linearly deployed formations, replacing the cumbersome and unmaneuverable traditional deep squares (such as the Spanish tercios that were up to 50 ranks deep) used in other pike and shot armies of the day. In consequence, his forces could redeploy and reconfigure very rapidly, confounding his enemies.[18][19] He created the modern Swedish Navy, which transported troops and supplies to the Continental battlefront.[20] Carl von Clausewitz and Napoleon Bonaparte considered him one of the greatest generals of all time, an evaluation agreed with by George S. Patton and others. He was also renowned for his constancy of purpose and the equality of his troops—no one part of his armies was considered better or received preferred treatment, as was common in other armies where the cavalry were the elite, followed by the artillery, and both disdained the lowly infantry. In Gustavus Adolphus's' army the units were extensively cross-trained. Both cavalry and infantry could service the artillery, as his heavy cavalry did when turning captured artillery on the opposing Catholic tercios at First Breitenfeld.[21] Pikemen could shoot—if not as accurately as those designated musketeers—so a valuable firearm could be kept in the firing line. His infantrymen and gunners were taught to ride, if needed. Napoleon thought highly of the achievement and copied the tactics. However, recent historians have challenged his reputation. B. H. Liddell Hart says it is an exaggeration to credit him with a uniquely disciplined conscript army, or call his the first military state to fight a protracted war on the continent. He argues that he improved existing techniques and used them brilliantly. Richard Brzezinski says his legendary status was based on inaccurate myths created by later historians. Many of his innovations were developed by his senior staff.[22] Political philosophy[edit] Engraving of Gustavus Adolphus Gustavus Adolphus's politics in the conquered territory of Estonia also show progressive tendencies.[citation needed] In 1631 he forced the nobility to grant the peasants greater autonomy. He also encouraged education, opening a school in Tallinn in 1631, today known as Gustav Adolf Grammar School (Estonian: Gustav Adolfi Gümnaasium).[23] On 30 June 1632, Gustavus Adolphus signed the Foundation Decree of Academia Dorpatensis in Estonia, today known as the University of Tartu.[24] Despite significant hardships for the common people, the period of Swedish rule over Estonia has been idealized in Estonian folklore as the "good old Swedish times" (Estonian: vana hea Rootsi aeg), which has been attributed to comparisons with the following era under the Russian Tsars.[25][better source needed] On 27 August 1617, his speech before his coronation included the following statement: Military commander[edit] Gustavus Adolphus inherited three wars from his father when he ascended the throne: against Denmark-Norway, which had attacked Sweden earlier in 1611; against Russia, due to Sweden having tried to take advantage of the Russian Time of Troubles; and against Poland-Lithuania, due to King Charles's having deposed King Sigismund III, his nephew, as King of Sweden. The war against Denmark-Norway (Kalmar War) was concluded in 1613 with a peace that did not cost Sweden any territory, but it was forced to pay a heavy indemnity to Denmark-Norway (Treaty of Knäred). During this war, Gustavus Adolphus let his soldiers plunder towns and villages, and as he met little resistance from Danish forces in Scania, they pillaged and devastated twenty-four Scanian parishes. His memory in Scania has been negative because of that fear.[27] The largest destroyed settlement was the Town , which two years later was replaced by Danish-Norwegian King Christian IV as the nearby Christiansted (after the Swedification process, spelled Kristianstad), the last Scanian town to be founded by a Danish king.[28][29] Gustavus Adolphus at Breitenfeld in 1631 After Swedish plundering in Brandenburg (1631) endangered the system of retrieving war contributions from occupied territories, "marauding and plundering" by Swedish soldiers was prohibited.[31] Meanwhile, a Catholic army under Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly was laying waste to Saxony. Gustavus Adolphus met Tilly's army and won a decisive victory at the First Battle of Breitenfeld in September 1631. He then marched across Germany, establishing his winter quarters near the Rhine, making plans for the invasion of the rest of the Holy Roman Empire. Gustavus Adolphus is reported[according to whom?] to have entered battle without wearing any armor, proclaiming, "The Lord God is my armor!" It is more likely that he simply wore a padded cuirass rather than going into battle wearing no battle protection whatsoever. In 1627, near Dirschau in Prussia, a Polish soldier shot him in the muscles above his shoulders. He survived, but the doctors could not remove the bullet, so from that point on, he could not wear iron armor and two fingers of his right hand were paralyzed.[32][page needed] The plate cuirass normally worn by important officers at that time was replaced by a buff coat made of moose hide, which would have serious consequences later.[33] Death and aftermath[edit] Death of Gustavus at Lützen by Carl Wahlbom (1855) As late as the 19th century several stories were retold about Gustav Adolph being assassinated. In most of them the assassin was named as Prince Francis Albert of Saxe-Lauenburg, who was next to the king on the occasion and was thought to be acting on behalf of the enemy. When King Charles XII of Sweden was shown purported evidence in 1707 he dismissed the theory out of doubt that any prince could be so ungrateful.[35] In February 1633, the Riksdag of the Estates gave him the title "Gustavus Adolphus the Great", or Gustav Adolf den Store in Swedish, the only Swedish monarch to be so honoured. The body was taken to Weissenfels for embalming, dressed in a beautiful gold and silver woven dress, then brought to Wolgast, where it remained until the summer of 1633. When his horse, Streiff, died in 1633, the hide was sent to Stockholm where it was mounted on a wooden model and displayed in the Livrustkammaren, or Royal Armoury, where it remains.[33] A procession including his widow Maria Eleonora escorted the corpse to the harbour, along with a display of banners from all counties and principalities. His body arrived in Nyköping and was kept there at the insistence of his wife until the funeral was finally held on 22 June 1634. When it was time for the final journey to Stockholm, a ceremony was held at Nyköping Castle where the king's old teacher Johan Skytte held a speech and bishop Johannes Rudbeckius read a sermon dedicated to his daughter Christina. In the procession to Stockholm there were eight war trophies from Lützen and several trophy banners from Leipzig, marking Sweden's status as a great power. Five black-dressed members of the privy council (riksämbetsmän) carried the regalia before the royal corpse, which lay on a bier adorned with black cloth. Right behind the bier came the king's brother in law, the Count Palatine Johan Casimir with his sons Karl Gustav and Adolf Johan. This time both the grieving Dowager Queen, Maria Eleonora and the king's seven-year-old daughter Christina attended. The sorrowful procession moved slowly across the country towards the capital. Gustavus Adolphus's sarcophagus at Riddarholm Church In preparation for the ceremony, houses along the procession route were painted with white lime with displays of trophies from Lützen and Leipzig. On the day itself, participants gathered outside Stockholm when the body was carried into the capital to the Riddarholms church. Bishops and priests welcomed the procession in the outskirts of the town and along the road from the gate to the church money were thrown to the people. When it reached the Riddarholms church the blood banner was placed over the entrance to the tomb and the bier with Gustavus Adolphus was placed in the middle of the choir. A grand ceremony was held by Bishop Johannes Botvidi, with a sermon dedicated to the Dowager Queen Maria Eleonora, at the end of which the coffin was placed in the tomb. The end of the ceremony was promulgated by cannons firing over the town for two hours.[36][37] Since Vasa princes who descended from deposed monarchs were excluded from the throne and Gustavus Adolphus's younger brother had died ten years before, his young daughter Christina became his successor, with Maria Eleonora and other ministers governing on her behalf. He left one other known child, his illegitimate son Gustav, Count of Vasaborg. Assasination assertions[edit] Gustavus Adolphus is widely commemorated by Protestants in Europe as the main defender of their cause during the Thirty Years' War, with multiple churches, foundations and other undertakings named after him. He became a symbol of Swedish pride, and his name is attached to city squares in major Swedish cities like Stockholm, Gothenburg and Helsingborg. Gustavus Adolphus Day is celebrated in Sweden and Finland each year on 6 November, the day the king died at Lützen. One of the traditions on this day is the Gustavus Adolphus pastry. In Finland, the day is also called "the Swedish day". Gustavus Adolphus College, a Lutheran college in St. Peter, Minnesota, is also named for him. A GAW Flag in the Protestant church of Sopron, Hungary The Gustav-Adolf-Werk (GAW) of the Evangelical Church in Germany, founded on the bicentennial celebration of the Battle of Lützen, has as its object the aid of other churches and commemorates Gustavus' legacy. It is responsible for taking care of the Diaspora work of the EKD and has separate branches internationally. The organization in Austria is called the Gustav-Adolf-Verein. The project of forming such a society was first broached in connection with the bicentennial celebration of the battle of Lützen on 6 November 1832.[39] A proposal to collect funds for a monument to Gustavus Adolphus was agreed to, and it was suggested by Superintendent Grossmann that the best memorial to Gustavus Adolphus would be the formation of a union for propagating his ideas. It quickly gained popularity in Germany. The lack of political correctness received some criticism; however, the organization used GAW as its brand in the meanwhile.[citation needed] The Swedish royals visited the GAW headquarters in Leipzig on the 400th birthday of Gustavus Adolphus, in 1994.[40] The Columbia Encyclopedia sums up his record: In his book "Ofredsår" ("Years of Warfare"), the Swedish historian and author Peter Englund argues that there was probably no single all-important reason for the king's decision to go to war. Instead, it was likely a combination of religious, security, as well as economic considerations. This view is supported by German historian Johannes Burkhardt, who writes that Gustavus entered the 30 Years War exactly 100 years after the publication of the Confessio Augustana, the core confession of faith of the Lutheran Church, and let himself be praised as its saviour. Yet Gustavus Adolphus's own "manifesto of war" does not mention any religious motivations at all but speaks of political and economic reasons.[42] Name Born Died Notes (Illegitimate) By Margareta Slots 24 May 1616 25 October 1653 Married Countess Anna Sofia Wied-Runkel and had issue. A daughter 24 July 1621 Stillborn, buried in Riddarholmskyrkan. 16 October 1623 21 September 1624 A son May 1625 Gripsholm Castle Stillborn, buried in Riddarholmskyrkan. 8 December 1626 19 April 1689 See also[edit] 1. ^ Williamson, David (1988). Debrett's Kings and Queens of Europe. pp. 124, 128, 194, 207. ISBN 0-86350-194-X. 6. ^ Stephen J. Lee, Aspects of European History 1494–1789 (2nd ed. 1984) pp. 109–14. 10. ^ Murray 2009, p. 118. 11. ^ T. K. Derry, History of Scandinavia: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland (1979) pp. 110–24. 12. ^ Christer Jorgensen in Charles Messenger, ed. (2013). Reader's Guide to Military History. Routledge. p. 219. ISBN 9781135959708.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link) 17. ^ Michael Roberts, "The Military Revolution, 1560–1660" in Clifford J. Rogers, ed., The Military Revolution Debate (1995) pp. 13–24, 20. ^ Jorgensen (2001) p. 228 21. ^ Jorgensen (2001) p. 229 22. ^ Jorgensen (2001) p. 229 24. ^ "Facts about the History of the University of Tartu". University of Tartu. 10 July 2009. Retrieved 2010-12-02. 25. ^ "Kas vana hea rootsi aeg oli ikka nii hea, kui rahvasuu räägib?". Eesti Ekspress (in Estonian). Archived from the original on 11 June 2019. Retrieved 2011-01-05. 27. ^ Roberts 1992, p. 33. 28. ^ Moberg, Wilhelm. "Hur historien förfalskas or "How history is falsified" – short story by famous Wilhelm Moberg who asked to see the King's letter written to his cousin Johan at Swedish National Archive, and then wrote about it". 33. ^ a b Grönhammar & Nestor 2011. 34. ^ Brzezinski, Richard (2001). Lützen 1632. Osprey Publishing. 35. ^ Anders Fryxell in Gustaf Adolf, Norstedts, Stockholm 1894 p. 414-416 36. ^ Grundberg 2005. 37. ^ Rangström 2015. 41. ^ "Gustavus II" The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. • Grönhammar, Ann; Nestor, Sofia (2011). The Royal Armoury in the cellar vaults of the Royal Palace. HathiTrust Digital Library. ISBN 978-9187594304. • Grundberg, Malin (2005). Ceremoniernas makt: Maktöverföring och genus i Vasatidens kungliga ceremonier (in Swedish). Nordic Academic Press. ISBN 91-89116-73-9. • Rangström, Lena (2015). Dödens teater: Kungliga svenska begravningar genom fem århundraden (in Swedish). Atlantis. ISBN 978-91-7353-785-8. • Ekman, Ernst. "Three Decades of Research on Gustavus Adolphus" Journal of Modern History 38#3 (1966), pp. 243–255 DOI: 10.2307/1877349 online • Jorgensen, Christer. "Gustavus Adolphus II" in Charles Messenger, ed. (2013). Reader's Guide to Military History. Routledge. pp. 218–19. ISBN 9781135959708.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link) • Thomson, Erik. "Beyond the Military State: Sweden’s Great Power Period in Recent Historiography." History Compass' 9.4 (2011): 269–283. online External links[edit] Gustav II Adolf Born: 9 December 1594 Died: 6 November 1632 Regnal titles Preceded by Charles IX King of Sweden Succeeded by
Tag Archives: sleep deprivation this pressed: 10 Shocking Things About Ebola : Discovery News Early symptoms of Ebola can appear harmless — fever, headache, aches, chills and sore throat. They could be the stuff of a normal illness. But as the virus progresses, victims will experience nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, rash, chest pain and cough, weight loss and bleeding. In some cases, organs will shut down and cause unstoppable bleeding. In the last stages of the disease, in a process known as a cytokine storm, the immune system goes haywire and inflammatory molecules called cytokines attack the body’s own tissue. Technically, then, it’s not the virus that kills people but instead their own immune systems ultimately turn against them. Show here is Dr. Kent Brantly, a doctor who treated patients in Liberia before contracting the virus himself. Fortunately, he survived. Samaritan’s Purse via 10 Shocking Things About Ebola : Discovery News. Sleep Promotes Learning through Synapse Formation (there are so many studies arriving to other conclusions: Why?) Sleep Promotes Learning through Synapse Formation Sleep has long been known to play a vital role in the learning process, but the precise science behind it was not fully understood. Using advanced microscopy, researchers were able to observe the formation of new synapses, or connections between nerve cells, in the brain and found that sleep-deprived subjects form fewer new connections than those allowed to sleep properly. Even intense, extended training on a task cannot make up for sleep deprivation. The findings suggest that sleep promotes the formation of new synaptic connections, thereby contributing to learning and memory formation. More… Discuss Just a thought: “What”s known for thousands of years, is as true now than it was in the early history of mankind…who pays for all the sensational studies done to prove the mumankind commun sense wrong? and why?” (George B) Enhanced by Zemanta Skipping Sleep Could Cause Brain Damage Burning the candle at both ends can lead to more than a few sluggish, cranky days; it may actually result in permanent brain damage. Just three days of sleep deprivation caused mice to lose a quarter of the nerve cells associated with alertness in a part of the brain stem called the locus ceruleus. If this turns out to be the case in humans as well, it will debunk the long-held notion that getting “catch-up sleep” can make up for night after night of missed sleep. To study this further, researchers plan to examine the brains of deceased shift workers for evidence of this sort of damage. More…Discuss Enhanced by Zemanta Sleep-Deprived Surgeons No More Error-Prone Genetic Consequences of Sacrificing Sleep
ryan moquin ching ping chan joshua tina chatterjee amit shah n. Skip this Video Loading SlideShow in 5 Seconds.. XML-RPC and SOAP PowerPoint Presentation Download Presentation 258 Vues Download Presentation Télécharger la présentation Presentation Transcript 1. Ryan Moquin Ching-Ping Chan (Joshua) Tina Chatterjee, Amit Shah XML-RPC and SOAP 2. What is XML? XML - EXtensible Markup Language Defines rules for structure, but not content. Provides an format that is human-readable and very flexible. XML is inefficient for data transfer Tradeoff: While XML is inefficient, it's more readable and descriptive than a binary format. XML is typically used to define other markup languages. ie. XHTML – HTML conforming to XML rules. 3. XML for communication XML data has no required definition (only syntax) therefore it's used to define protocols and data exchange formats i.e. SOAP, WSDL, ebXML XML is a purely textual representation of data, it is inefficient to send over a network, therefore compression should be used (text compresses very well). XML is typically used for interapplication data transfer due it's ease of modification and understanding. 4. XML-RPC Remote Procedure Calling has had many incarnations usually very complex and difficult to understand. XML-RPC is a protocol created to perform RPC functions using an XML definition and therefore provide more readability and understandability. The merger of XML and RPC has generated a lot of interest, people like the simplicity and readability XML brings. 5. XML-RPC: Definition XML-RPC is a protocol that provides RPC functionality in an XML format. The whole protocol description can be printed on about 2 pages. XML-RPC defines most data types that are necessary for communication while staying very simple. 6. XML-RPC for the Java developer XML-RPC provides a way to interoperate with clients on different platforms, not just ones running Java. The decoupling of a protocol from a specific language, such as Java, provides interoperability with legacy systems. Not everyone uses Java, uniting different platforms requires a platform independent protocol. 7. XML-RPC Implementation Now we elaborate on XML-RPC by building some actual working Java code, using XML-RPC. We do that by implementing a “Hello World” type program. 8. A “Hello World” application First, our XML-RPC handler registers a server. This handler takes in a Java String parameter, the user’s name, and returns “Hello” and the user’s name. Then we need a server to make our handler available for XML-RPC clients. Finally, we build a simple client to connect to the server and request the method invocation. 9. Step-1: Getting XML-RPC Libraries The XML-RPC classes are packages within the zip file, This can be obtained from Extract all the source code in the xmlrpc-java/src/ directory. There is no included jar distribution, so manual compilation of these classes is required. Once compiled, you may want to jar the classes yourself for easy inclusion in your classpath. Other Information about XML-RPC and links to libraries can be obtained from 10. The XML-RPC Library The core distribution is made up of eight classes, all in the xmlrpc package. XmlRpcServer, which is the server itself; XmlRpcHandler, which allows total control over XML encoding and processing; and several support and helper classes like XmlRpcException, XmlRpcServlet, WebServer. Not included in the distribution, but required for operation, are the SAX classes and a SAX driver. 11. Note Once you have all the source files compiled, ensure that the XML-RPC classes, SAX classes, and your XML parser classes are all in your environment’s class path. This should have you ready to write your own custom code and start the process of saying “hello”. 12. What is a handler ? An XML-RPC handler is a method or set of methods that takes an XML-RPC request, decodes it’s contents, and dispatches the request to a class and method. A response handler, or simply handler, is any method that can be invoked by an XML-RPC handler. 13. Step-2: Writing the handler With the XML-RPC libraries for Java, we do not need to write an XML-RPC handler, as one is included in the XmlRpcServer class. We only need to write a class with one or more methods (the response handler) that we register with the server. Creating a response handler requires no subclassing or other special treatment in our code. Any method can be invoked via XML-RPC as long as it’s parameter and return types are supported (able to be encoded) by XML-RPC. 14. XML-RPC Supported Java types int int boolean boolean string java.lang.String double double dateTime.iso8601 java.util.Date struct java.util.Hashtable array java.util.Vector base64 byte[] XML-RPC Data Type Java Data Type 15. Handler Class with Method to be Invoked Remotely public class HelloHandler { /This will take in a <code>String</code> and return a hello message to the user / public String sayHello(String name) { return “Hello “ + name; } } 16. Note… In the above example, the method signature takes in and return legal XML-RPC parameters, so we can safely register it with our XML-RPC server and know it will be callable via XML-RPC. 17. RMI Vs RPC In RMI, a remote interface has the method signature for each remote method. If a method is implemented on the server class, but no matching signature is added to the remote interface, the new method cannot be invoked by an RMI client. This makes for quite a bit of code modification and recompilation in the development of RMI classes. This process is considered easier and more flexible in RPC. 18. Working of the RPC In RPC, when a request comes in to an RPC server, the request contains a set of parameters and a textual value, usually in the form “”. This signifies to the RPC server that the requested method is in the class “cn” and is named “mn”. The RPC server then tries to find a matching class and method that takes as input to that method parameter types that match the types within the RPC request. Once a match is made, the method is called, and the result is encoded and sent back to the client. 19. Advantage of XML-RPC over RMI One of the major advantages of XML-RPC over RMI is that the requested methods are never explicitly defined in XML-RPC servers, but rather in the request from the client. Only a class instance is registered with the XML-RPC server. You can add methods to that class, restart the XML-RPC server with no code changes, and then immediately request the new methods within your client code. There are no client stubs, skeletons, or interfaces that must be updated. 20. Step-3: Writing the Server With our handler ready, we need to write a program to start up the XML-RPC server, listen for requests, and dispatch these requests to the handler. We use the WebServer class as the request handler. Although we could use a Java servlet, using this lightweight web server implementation allows us to avoid running a servlet engine on our XML-RPC server. A port number should be given at the command line when the server is started and the server will listen at that port for XML-RPC requests until shutdown. 21. Skeleton for Hello XML-RPC Server import; import org.apache.xmlrpc.WebServer; import org.apache.xmlrpc.XmlRpc; public class HelloServer { public static void main(String[] args) { if (args.length < 1) { System.out.println( “Usage: java HelloServer [port]”); System.exit(-1); } 22. Server code continued… try { // Use the Apache Xerces SAX Driver XmlRpc.setDriver( “org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser”); // Start the server System.out.println( “Sarting XML-RPC server…”); WebServer server = new WebServer (Integer.parseInt(args[0])); 23. Server code continued… //Register our handler class server.addHandler (“hello”, new HelloHandler()); System.out.println (“Now accepting requests…”); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { System.out.println (“Could not locate SAX Driver”); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(“Could not start server: “ + e.getMessage()); } } 24. Sample output on running the server $ java HelloServer 8777 Starting XML-RPC Server…. Registered HelloHandler class to “hello” Now accepting requests… 25. Step-4: Writing the Client We implement the client by using the XmlRpcClient & XmlRpc classes from the class library. These classes take care of many of the details on the client side. We need to instantiate the XmlRpcClient class, which requires the hostname of the XML-RPC server to connect to. For handling encoding of the requests, we must again set the SAX driver class to use with the setDriver() method. 26. Client Code import; import; import java.util.Vector; import org.apache.xmlrpc.XmlRpc; import org.apache.xmlrpc.XmlRpcClient; import org.apache.xmlrpc.XmlRpcException; public static void main(String args[]) { if (args.length < 1) { System.out.println( “Usage: java HelloClient [your name]”); System.exit(-1); } 27. Client code continued… try { // Use the Apache Xerces SAX Driver XmlRpc.setDriver( “org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser”); // Specify the server XmlRpcClient client = new XmlRpcClient(http://localhost:8777/); // Create Request Vector params = new Vector(); params.addElement(args[0]); 28. Client code continued… // Make a request and print the result String result = (String)client.execute(“hello.sayHello”, params); System.out.println( “Response from server: “ + result); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { System.out.println( “Could not locate SAX Driver”); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { System.out.println( “Incorrect URL for XML-RPC server format: ” + e.getMessage()); 29. Client code continued… } catch (XmlRpcException e) { System.out.println( “XML-RPC Exception: “ + e.getMessage()); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println( “IO Exception: “ + e.getMessage()); } } 30. Running the application[1] First make sure that you have the XML-RPC classes and your code in your environment class path. You also need to confirm that Apache Xerces or another SAX driver is in your class path and accessible, as the examples must load these classes for parsing. Once that is set up, start the HelloServer class by giving it a port number. 31. Running the application[2] In UNIX: $ java HelloServer & Starting XML-RPC Server… Registered HelloHandler class to “hello” Now accepting requests… Run your client by specifying your name to the program as a command-line argument. You will quickly see a response as the HelloServer receives your request, handles it, and returns the result of the sayHello() method, which is then printed by the client. 32. Sample Output $ java HelloClient Tina Response from server: Hello Tina 33. XML-RPC vs. SOAP Feature XML-RPC SOAP basic scalars yes yes structs yes yes arrays yes yes named structs and arrays no yes detailed fault handling yes yes short learning curve yes no 34. XML-RPC vs. SOAP Continued Feature XML-RPC SOAP Developers specified character set no yes Developer defined data types no yes Can specify recipient no yes require client understanding no yes message specific processing instructions no yes 35. XML-RPC Vs CORBA Getting Started - With CORBA, you'll need a huge amount of knowledge, downloading, and configuring. With XML-RPC, you'll be able to do something useful in less than thirty minutes. Bandwidth - The XML data format adds overhead compared to CORBA's binary format. If this becomes a problem, one could compress the text en route. Latency - Creating a connection for each invocation could add up. CORBA has configurable policies to let you choose how this works. With XML-RPC, you'll have to figure out something with persistent HTTP. 36. XML-RPC Vs CORBA Continued Rigid Interface Specs - CORBA forces you to explicitly define interfaces for types. With XML-RPC you don't have to (though you can via DTD's). It's up to you to decide which is better. Co-location advantages - That is, if the sender and implementer of a method are both on the same machine or program, CORBA does what it can to reduce the overhead of the invocation. One might wonder, though, how often this is a problem -- why are you using a distributed object system if loopback calls are too expensive? 37. Why SOAP ? SOAP is the successor to XML-RPC SOAP is a broad protocol that forms a layer in the Web Services stack. SOAP includes RPC as well as other communication types in it's definition. 38. What Does SOAP Define? • Standard expression for • message envelopes • headers • Bodies • Standard encoding rules for structured data • RPC mechanism 39. SOAP Defined • SOAP is a simple, lightweight XML protocol for exchanging structured and typed information on the Web • Overall design goal: KISS • - Can be implemented in a weekend • - Stick to absolute minimum of functionality • Make it Modular and Extensible • - No application semantics and no transport semantics • - Think “Web based datagram” 40. SOAP Definition (Cont) • A Light weight protocol for information exchange in a distributed environment • Typically it's XML over HTTP. • Usually used for Web Services. 41. SOAP Generality • use any XML content as payload. • use SOAP in an RPC model or any other model. • use SOAP object encoding with or without envelopes and RPC. 42. SOAP-based Protocols Are based on Unicode. • Can transmit structured information. • Are automatically extensible. • Can inherit the SOAP information encoding system 43. SCOPE SOAP does not address certain issues: • object references • distributed garbage collection • batch messaging • Other, post-SOAP specs may arise to handle these. 44. SOAP is a Protocol • What does this mean? • It is not a distributed object system • It is not an RPC system • It is not even a Web application • Your application decides what your application is! • You can build a tightly coupled system …or… • You can build a loosely coupled system • Why does this matter? • It means that you have to think about how you design your application 45. SOAP Message Paths • SOAP messages travel from an originator to intermediate nodes to a final destination. • Each intermediate node handles some part of the message and then passes it along. 46. SOAP Application A SOAP application must perform the following steps: • Identify parts of the message intended for particular application. • Process mandatory parts or quit if it cannot. • Remove the parts that have been handled and forward to the next recipient (if any). 47. SOAP and XML • SOAP messages are made of XML elements. • SOAP has two XML namespaces: • • • For clarity, we use the arbitrary prefixes SOAP-ENV, SOAP-ENC to represent these. 48. SOAP's Four Parts: • 1) An extensible envelope expressing (mandatory) • features and services represented in a message; who should deal with them, • whether they are optional or mandatory. • 2) A set of encoding rules for data (optional) • - Exchange instances of application-defined data types and directed graphs • - Uniform model for serializing non-syntactic data models • 3) A Convention for representation RPC (optional) • 4) A protocol binding to HTTP (optional) 49. SOAP Message Structure • SOAP Messages are contained within SOAP-ENV: Envelope elements. • Envelope may have SOAP-ENV: Header. • Envelope must have a SOAP-ENV: Body. 50. The Envelope Encloses the SOAP header and body • Can Specify • Encoding • Name Space definitions • Versioning Data • When is an envelope not a destination address? • When it’s POSTed! • HTTP Post controls the initial destination (Server & Function) of the SOAP message
Calorie Shifting Vs. Carb Cycling In comparison to common diets, such as low calorie or low carbohydrate, calorie shifting and carb cycling are unconventional. Both diets theoretically yield significant weight loss by manipulating your eating habits. Follow just one of these diets, but learn about both to decide which is best for your lifestyle. Calorie-Shifting Diet Calorie shifting -- like calorie counting -- requires you to track the calories you eat daily. The difference is you change your daily intake regularly, rather than eating a set number each day. First, you set a basic daily goal, such as 1,600 calories per day. For four days a week, you eat just that; on three days, you change it. For example, on Tuesday you eat 1,300, on Friday you eat 1,200 and on Sunday you eat 1,350. The next week, increase your intake for two days. Following the example of a basic 1,600-calorie diet, on Wednesday and Saturday of the week, eat 1,850 calories. Calorie-Shifting Theory The idea of calorie shifting is to keep your metabolism guessing and prevent weight loss plateaus. Your metabolism affects the rate that you burn calories, and therefore, fat. When you do not eat enough calories for a long period, your metabolism slows. When you eat more than enough calories, your metabolism accelerates. The base intake is a healthy amount for your body; when you eat fewer calories three days weekly, your metabolism does not have time to slow, resulting in weight loss. When you eat additional calories a couple days weekly, your body has more than enough to support function, speeding up your metabolism. This cycling is theorized to keep your metabolism high at all times and cause your body to burn fat. Carb-Cycling Diet Carb cycling is a method often employed by bodybuilders to reduce body fat in preparation for a competition. Rather than counting calories, you count carbohydrates. The diet consists of alternating between high and low carbohydrate intake. For example, if your average carbohydrate intake is 225 grams, you reduce it to 75 grams for two to three days. Once the low-carb days are over, you increase your intake back to 225 days for the remainder of the week. Carb-Cycling Theory Carbohydrates are an efficient source of energy for your body. When your body is not getting its usual amount of carbohydrates, it begins using fat for energy in place of them. As a result, your body fat decreases and -- in the case of a bodybuilder -- your muscles appear more defined. Before altering your diet, consult a physician or nutritionist for a personal health assessment. Your health-care professional can determine how much weight you need to lose, how many calories you need daily and what the best diet is for you. For the first month or two of your new diet, professional supervision ensures it is not damaging your health.
Impersonal Ledger Impersonal Ledger What is an impersonal register? \| Impersonal registers are also called nominal registers or registers. There are two types like nominal accounts and real accounts. Nominal accounts are linked to trading and loss accounts A, while real estate accounts track assets. Impersonal accounting transactions are linked to the income statement. Similarly, we can ask ourselves: what is an example of an impersonal fiction? IMPERSONAL ACCOUNTS Definition. IMPERSONAL ACCOUNTS means other accounts as personal accounts. Real accounts, e.g. Balance sheet and 2. Nominal account, eg. Incoming and outgoing accounts. Secondly, what is the breakdown of the general ledger? In practice, ledgers can only be divided into two types. One is personal and the other is impersonal. The staff is divided into creditors and debtors. While impersonal it is divided into cash and in general. Do you also know what an impersonal account is in accounting? impersonal account. any account other than a private account classified as a real account, on which real property is recorded, or as a nominal account, on which income, expenses and capital are recorded. How important is the register? The general ledger account displays detailed financial information about a company, such as receivables and payables, assets, income, and expenses. General ledger will help you prepare a test balance sheet to verify the arithmetic accuracy of recording financial transactions in your company. What is the counterpart? Counter Entry is a transaction involving both cash and banking. The debit and credit aspects of a transaction are reflected in the cash register. For example: receiving money from debtors and depositing it with the bank. Money withdrawn from the bank for office use. What is Debt and Credit? A debt is an accounting that increases an asset or expense account or decreases a debt or equity account. It’s on the left in an accounting department. Loan is accounting that increases a debt or equity account or decreases an asset or expense account. What are the accounting rules? Here are the debit and credit rules that govern the system of accounts, called the Golden Accounting Rules: What 3 types of accounts are there? There are three main types of accounts in accounting: real, personal and nominal accounts. Personal accounts are divided into three sub-categories: artificial, natural and representative accounts. Is Cash a real account? These are the actual accounts that show a company’s assets, liabilities and net worth. Cash, credits, debts, loans and equity are all actual accounts that appear on the balance sheet. What is the difference between a personal account and an impersonal account? Unlike impersonal accounts, personal accounts are kept for every customer or creditor of a business. Here we have the record of buying or selling on a PERSONAL account which is located between the company and another specified company. What does record mean? A journal entry is a record of a transaction in a journal, such as the general journal or other subsidiary journal. General ledger journal entries require equal debit and credit amounts. What are the five account types? Account Types Overview What Account Types Are There? 3 The different types of accounts in accounting are real, personal and nominal accounts. What are the golden rules of accounting? The Golden Rules of Accounting What is an Accounting Book? A general ledger is the general ledger or data file used to record and total economic transactions measured as a monetary unit of account by account type, with debits and credits in separate columns, and an opening cash balance and a balance of final cash for each account. How do you categorize the booking processes? Account Features How do I create an accounting account? Creating and creating a general ledger account How are the accounts organized in the general ledger? Definition of the overall account How is the chart of accounts structured? The chart of accounts is a summary of all the accounts used in an organization’s general ledger. The chart is used by accounting software to collect information in a company’s accounts. The image is usually sorted by account number to make it easier to find specific accounts. In what order should the general ledger accounts be listed? The order in which the general ledger accounts should be listed in a table is cash, then sales. How can creditors be reduced? A credit balance is expected as a current account with liabilities. A credit entry therefore increases the balance to be paid and a debit entry reduces the balance. An invoice or invoice from a supplier of goods or services on credit is often referred to as a supplier invoice. What are the disadvantages of the ledger? Impersonal Ledger
A LYS Teacher asks the following question: What is the best way to keep Recognition & Reinforcement genuine? SC Response Good question. A lot of teachers are hesitant to work on increasing the quantity of Recognition & Reinforcement they provide in fear of sounding “fake.” Here are a couple of ways to move past this fear/feeling. 1. Spend more time in the Power Zone. The more time you spend in the Power Zone the more often you will observe a student doing something that warrants Recognition & Reinforcement. This immediacy lends itself to being genuine. 2. Focus on growth. Waiting to recognize perfection most likely means that recognition is infrequent. Instead focus on the journey. As you observe students making forward progress towards success, recognize that. Praising a 72 rings false. Recognizing the 4-point gain from a 68 to a 72 is legitimate. 3. Look for sweat equity. Remember “Reinforcement” is the reinforcement of the work it takes to achieve academic success or growth. When you observe students working hard, point it out to them. Remind them that the harder they work the closer they are getting to success they want. 4. Keep doing it. The more you Recognize & Reinforce your students, the more natural the words will roll off your tongue. But here is the most important thing to remember as you endeavor to increase the amount of authentic Recognition & Reinforcement that you provide to all of your students. This occurs so infrequently in the typical classroom that when you do it, your students will find it so novel they won’t care how it sounds. They will just like it. Think. Work. Achieve. Your turn…
Diagnostic Techniques in Pathology Diagnostic Techniques in Pathology 2014-5 ASSESSMENT 1. Differential Diagnosis The patient has many presenting symptoms and this is a challenge to identifying the disease at once. The productive cough of the patient is purelent indicating the presence of a large number of white blood cells mainly neutrophillic granulocytes. The purulent sputum of asthmatic is as a result of eosinophillic cells (Farzan N.p). The patient’s blood stained sputum (hemoptysis) may be caused by a wide range of underlying disorders ranging from trauma to heart problems to lung diseases to many other infections. Patients in industrialized countries such as china, bronchitis, bronchogenic carcinoma and bronchiectasis may lead to a productive blood-stained cough but are ruled out since chest X-rays in these diseases are shown to be normal (Jaiswal pp. 176-178.). Lung cancer is also ruled out because its diagnosis does not indicate the presence of rod-like bacteria. Pulmonary embolus is also ruled since diagnosis of sputum is found to be non-purulent. Hemoptysis and purulent sputum may also be observed in patients with HIV, where the common cause is typical pneumonia (Health Grades Editorial Staff, Chamberlain 2012). Home. n.d) A patient with pneumonia may also present a cough with purulent sputum (Lower Respiratory Tract Infections N.p). Scanty acid-alcohol fast bacilli are also observed in a patient with HIV but this infection is also ruled since HIV patients show a normal X-ray. The patient may be suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease since X-ray shows flattened diaphragm but it also ruled out because the Ziehl Neelsen’s method does not show the presence of the rod –like bacteria (Acute Exacerbations of COPD, N.p). The patient may be having tuberculosis which is the most common cause of hemoptysis and also due to the observation of scanty acid-alcohol fast bacilli in the patient’s sputum (Yoon pp. 172). Observation of heavy pus cells and red blood cells and multiple light areas which coalesce provides evidence that the patient has tuberculosis (Tuberculosis, advanced – chest x-rays N.p). 2. Table of the Biochemistry Results ProteinResultNormal Range High (), normal () or low () C-reactive protein13mg/l1-3 mg/l10-40 10 1 Creatine kinase125IU/I10-120IU/I308 39-308 39 C-Creatine (hs-CRP) is an essential clinical tool used by physicians to assess patients to determine if they can benefit from a statin therapy. The rise in levels of CRP is brought about inflammation hence it serves as a marker for inflammation. Different diseases and infections have varying ranges of CRP. The CRP of 13 mg/l measured for the patient indicates an increased sensitivity presenting mild inflammation. (The Relationship Between C-Reactive Protein and Cardiovascular Disease. (n.d.) The patient’s CK is within the normal range. This implies that there is no injury to muscles in the body (Clinical significance of markedly elevated serum creatine kinase levels in patients with acne on isotretinoin. n.d.). 3. Chest X-ray Pathology Test The patient was directed to stand in front of the X-ray machine and instructed to hold his breath at the time the X-ray is taken. The radiologist usually takes two images, that is, one is taken when the patient is standing next to the machine while the other is taken while standing sideways. In case the patient is pregnant, chest X-rays are not recommended at all. In fact, no chest X-ray should be taken of the pregnant woman when she is in first six months pregnant. (TUBERCULOSIS: No longer down and out. n.d) All other patients can have the chest X-rays as long as they have diseases suggestive of a chest related problem. These may include the patient experiencing a persistent cough, coughing blood or productive cough with purulent, and having difficulty in breathing. If the patient has shown advanced signs of tuberculosis, one’s doctor can order for a chest X-ray. There are no expected complications as long as it is not repeated many times within a short time or a certain number of times in the patient’s life span. The patient’s symptoms suggest that he has Tuberculosis (cough, rod-like bacteria, fever). He, therefore, would require chest X-ray besides microbiological testing. The radiologist will take both the lateral and the posterior-anterior (PA) films with each having clear notes. The typical changes he will be looking for include air space consolidation, fibrous contraction and cavitation on the superior parts of the lobes or one or both superior parts of the lower lobes or upper lobes. The extensive infiltrate with air space consolidation in noted with a bronchogram( ). The number of cavities formed is indicated by (+). Ina addition, reticulonodular satellite fibrosis and lesions are seen surrounding the involved lung which is normally identified by a traction of the right upper hilum. However, atypical finding will be more profound if the patient has human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Testing for tuberculosis n.d.).The result on the X-ray depends on the level of the disease. On the X-ray result film there will be seen an abnormality on the mid and lower lung fields. 4. Interpretation of data and Diagnosis of the patient Based on the symptoms which have been listed, the patient has an upper respiratory infection which indicated by the cough (Rabkin N.p, n.d). There are a number of diseases which are indicated by the hemoptysis such as bronchogenic and bronchitis. But only Tuberculosis diagnoses with the rod-like bacteria in the purulent and blood-stained sputum. The patient experiences fever which comes about by the body’s struggle to fight the foreign disease causing microorganisms. That is why his average body temperature is higher than the normal 37 .4 d degrees centigrade. According to the X-ray, the arrow points to the air space consolidation, fibrous contraction and cavitation which can be observed clearly on the superior parts of the lobes or one or both superior parts of the lower lobes or upper lobes. The suggestion that the patient is suffering from TB is based on other examinations made which indicate that the patient is not generally well. The patient was also referred to the urologist because he was suspected to have genitourinary tuberculosis. The result from the urologist which indicated 15 leukocytes in the field, confirms the presence of foreign antigens in the genitourinary system, probably, the mycobacterium, the rod shaped bacteria which causes tuberculosis (Savage pp. 1998 N.p). More evidence that the patient is suffering from Tuberculosis is indicated by the result obtained from staining the purulent and blood stained sputum with Ziehl Neelse’s method which also confirmed the presence of large a number of scanty acid-alcohol fast bacilli. The result indicated that each field had more than 20 pus cells within a single field. This was an indication a high density of the mycobacterium, the organism behind the genesis and progression of tuberculosis. Besides pus cells, rod-like bacteria or streptococci are observed. Although few in number, they are still the causative and infectious agents of both pulmonary and genitourinary tuberculosis. Ziehl neelsen staining. (n.d.). The presence of red blood cells also indicates that more oxygen is needed to for respiration to produce energy needed by leucocytes. This suggestion was based on the underlying symptoms such as the immobilization of the commercial disease associated antigens. This were observed on the plastic micro-wells’ surfaces and were specifically bound IgG antibodies from Alfred’s serum to his diseased parts. There was also a positive result when peroxidise- conjugated goat which is also indicated by anti-human IgG bound Alfred’s IgG in change. Also, resistance to Amphicilin and Isoniazid in which the test carried out shows sensitivity to the drugs. 5. Discussion a) The Lesion (Abnormality) in the Chest X-Ray The lesion is observed as an extensive infiltrate and air-space consolidation on the upper lobe of the right lung. A number of cavities are also observed as indicated by the positive (+) signs. Also, observed are surrounding reticunodular satellite lesions which are very easy to note. There are also fibrotic lung lesions. These are also consistent with tuberculosis at an untreated inactive state of the disease. These lesions make the patient more at risk than their counterparts with a tuberculosis infection if both were more than eight years. b) Why did the urologist request the submission of three specimens? X-ray alone is not enough to confirm that a suspect has TB . The urologist might have requested to carry out other diagnostic tests associated with TB. The results obtained support the radiology results. The comparison of the results from both departments helps the two practitioners to confirm with certainty the actual disease the patient is suffering from. The results from the urology department such as cid-fast smear which is used for microscopic identification of the cause of the pulmonary tuberculosis. The results show the presence bacilli and pus cells. c) Significance of Using Early Morning Specimens The urologist requested for the urine specimens produced by the patients in the early morning since it is less contaminated by lyses red blood cells. This is because the urine collected soon after a prolonged recumbency or soon after a vigorous physical or even sexual activity should not be examined when assessing the patient’s state of microhematuria since he knows it is contaminated. Patients are advised to void the first 5 ml of the urine and then collect up to 50 ml of the remaining urine in a sterile bottle. d) Antibiotics Used As Treatment of Pulmonary TB After diagnosing with TB, a number of antibiotics are prescribed by a doctor as a therapy for the infections and to prevent emergence of resistant bacteria in the body. They are used in a period of 6-12 months. The combination of the antibiotics includes: • Isoniazid • Rifampin • Pyrazinamide, • Ethambutol (Tuberculosis (TB) – Treatment. n.d.). (The rationale for recommending fixed-dose combination tablets for treatment of tuberculosis. n.d.). e) Route; Drug Resistance; Combination Therapy and Length Of Therapy. Since is has pulmonary TB, he will take two antibiotics orally in a combination of rifampicin and isoniazid every day for six months. He will have an additional oral administration of two antibiotics in a combination of pyrazinamide and ethambutol every day for two months (Tuberculosis (TB) – Treatment. n.d.). f) Further Investigations to Determine the Spread of the Disease To determine the spread of the disease within him, three tests may be conducted. Positive tuberculin test leads to the development of cell-mediated immunity which develops within 2-8 weeks from the time of infection. The mechanism behind this phenomenon is that activated T Lymphocytes combine with macrophages to form granulomas which are effective in limiting replication hence curbing the spread of bacilli. Ziehl Neelsen method may be used to determine the level of infection by the bacilli. Lastly, use biochemistry tests such as determine the level of damage to specific muscles of the body. g) The Disease Progress and Prognosis for the Patient Tuberculosis disease begins with infection and overcoming the carrier of the mycobacterium’s immune system defences. During primary tuberculosis, the disease is dormant and the immune system is able to contain the infecting and its spread. The bacteria multiplies, it continues affect the immune system and eventually overwhelms it leading to tuberculosis (Testing for tuberculosis n.d.). Jaiswal, A., Munjal, S., Singla, R., Jain, V. & Behera, D. 2012, “A 46-year-old man with tracheomegaly, tracheal diverticulosis, and bronchiectasis: Mounier-Kuhn syndrome”, Lung India, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 176-178. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections. (n.d.). Rabkin, M. n.d., “ Upper Respiratory Tract Infection.” Savage, P., Roddie, M. & Seckl, M.J. 1998, “A 28-year-old woman with a pulmonary embolus”, The Lancet, vol. 352, no. 9121, pp. 30. Testing for tuberculosis. (n.d.). The Relationship Between C-Reactive Protein and Cardiovascular Disease. n.d., The rationale for recommending fixed-dose combination tablets for treatment of tuberculosis. (n.d.). Tuberculosis (TB) – Treatment . (n.d.). Tuberculosis, advanced – chest x-rays: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Image. (n.d.). Yoon, Soon Ho, Nyoung Keun Lee, and Jae Joon Yim. “Impact of Sputum Gross Appearance and Volume on Smear Positivity of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Prospective Cohort Study.” BMC Infectious Diseases 12 (2012): 172. ProQuest. Web. 11 Nov. 2014. Ziehl neelsen staining n.d., Looking for Discount? You'll get a high-quality service, that's for sure. Discount applies to orders from $30 All Rights Reserved, Nursingwritingservice.com
What is EMT metal? Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT) is lightweight steel tubing that is easy to install and can be bent or cut with the appropriate tools. EMT conduit is more affordable than IMC or GRC, but its thin walls are more easily punctured. … Galvanized Rigid Conduit (GRC) offers the highest level of protection at a higher cost. Does EMT conduit rust? Typical EMT Type conduit will resist rust for a few years. It is however inevitable that it will rust. The most likely place for rust to start will be at the ends where it has been cut or along the surface where the finish has been scratched. Is EMT a ferrous metal? Electrical Metallic Tubing — EMT (ferrous metal). Also commonly called thin-wall, EMT is a listed steel raceway of circular cross section, which is unthreaded and normally 10 feet long (Photo 3). The outside corrosion protection is zinc-based, and the inside features an approved corrosion-resistant organic coating. Can EMT be used as ground? The National Electrical Code® (NEC®) recognizes several types of conductors that are permitted to be used as equipment grounding conductors. … Under a ground fault condition, the RMC, IMC or EMT, performs as an equipment grounding conductor and will carry the return fault current. What is the difference between IMC and EMT conduit? EMT is commonly used for branch circuit wiring in homes (where the wiring runs are exposed) and in commercial buildings. … In residential wiring, IMC is usually limited to service entrance assemblies and exposed runs to and from exterior service panels. Otherwise, EMT is the standard for household installations. IT IS INTERESTING: What was the goal of the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians Nremt )? Can you bury EMT in concrete? Is EMT magnetic? PullEase carries the same ANSI and federal spec approvals, plus it is non-magnetic and fully recyclable for electrical and environmental advantages. Can you run a bare grounding conductor in EMT? Running bare ground wire in a metal conduit is a waste of time, as the inevitable contact will render the two ground systems homogeneous. This is the normal method of running a ground through metal conduit, and the only method suitable for PVC conduit. … Conduit (RMC, IMC or EMT) is an NEC-accepted ground path. Ambulance in action
What 5 things make up a mineral? What 5 things make up a mineral? A mineral has 5 characteristics, naturally occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline structure, and the same chemical composition throughout So repeat after me A mineral is Naturally occurring-naturally occurring Inorganic solid-inorganic solid Crystalline structure The same chemical composition throughout. What makes a rock a mineral? A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic element or compound having an orderly internal structure and characteristic chemical composition, crystal form, and physical properties. A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals, or a body of undifferentiated mineral matter. Can a rock be a mineral? A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure formed by geological processes. A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals whereas a rock may also include organic remains and mineraloids. Rocks are always minerals, but not all minerals are rocks. How much baking soda is toxic? Is Arm and Hammer baking soda good for teeth? Studies published in The Journal of the American Dental Association showed that baking soda is an effective stain remover and whitening ingredient for oral care. Grab your trusted orange box of ARM & HAMMER™ Baking Soda and take it to the bathroom for some teeth whitening magic. When should I take baking soda? Can I add baking soda to my food? The baking soda can also improve browning, both in pancakes and in other dishes, the team has found. Reinhart said that baking soda is better if you prefer flat, crispier cookies: “If you’re just using baking soda, that helps the cookies spread a little bit, whereas baking powder will cause them to rise more.” Can I drink baking soda on an empty stomach? Is baking soda good for your liver? What foods can damage your liver? 6 foods to avoid if you have a fatty liver • Fried foods. These are high in fat and calories. • Salt. • White bread, rice, and pasta. • Red meat. How can you cleanse your liver? 2. eating a liver-friendly diet. 3. avoiding certain foods. 4. going on a juice fast.
Please login first A promising alternative for water flocculation with Moringa oleifera in Ecuador * 1 , 2 1 Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy 2 Department of Engineering, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador, [email protected] According to the inter-American development bank, Latin America is known for its high availability of water resources as it concentrates a third of the world's total water resources; but this availability is affected and reduced because reasons such as water resources distribution is not equitable throughout the area, 53% of the regional runoff is concentrated in the Amazon River, countries with large urban centers have low water quality and many others have a natural chemical quality of water that is not good due to the presence of arsenic and boron for example [1]. In Latin America, 34 million of people do not have access to drinking water [1]. Ecuador is a country with one of the highest concentration of rivers per square kilometer in the world; but there is also evidence of the poor quality of its water resources and the pollution problems they have [2]. By 2013, only 34% of its rural population had access to potable water and 25% to sewerage services. This is mainly associated with the lack of infrastructure and the necessary budgets allocated to them [2]. This paper deals with a proposal for water purification that consists of the use of the Moringa olifeira plant to facilitate the flocculation process, considering that its use reduces the costs associated with water treatment and minimizes the concentration of metals in the residual sludge. The influence dosage effects of crushed Ecuadorian Moringa oleifera seeds during coagulation-flocculation processes were explored using Jar tests. The aims of the paper are (i) to identify the most effective dosage of crushed Ecuadorian Moringa oleifera seeds in the flocculation processes (ii) to show and discuss an alternative for the need of interventions in potabilization fields in order to improve the quality of life in Ecuador due to the lack of its coverage. [1] Interamerican devolpment bank, 2018. Informe del Proceso Regional de las Américas Foro Mundial del Agua, available at the website: [2] CEPAL, 2018. Diagnóstico de las estadísticas del agua en Ecuador, available at the website: Keywords: Ecuador; flocculation; Moringa Olifeira; sustainable treatment; water treatment
Should we genetically edit the food we eat? We asked two experts Michael Wick/ Nicola Patron: Oil from soybeans gene-edited to produce a “high oleic” oil with no trans fats and less saturated fat is already on sale in the United States. Other products including low-acrylamide potatoes and non-browning mushrooms are expected to be launched in the near future. The work I do might lead to similar products. I’m a molecular and synthetic plant biologist at the Earlham Institute. My lab works to understand how plants control when and why genes are expressed as well as how they make certain chemicals. We aim to identify variants of genes that help plants to grow and to find and produce natural products like pheromones that are useful in agriculture or anti-cancer compounds used in chemotherapies. We also work to improve plant biotechnologies and have contributed to proof-of-concept studies demonstrating that genome editing can be used to develop useful traits in barley, brassica and potatoes by deleting just a few letters of DNA. Catherine Price: It’s great to be able to talk to a scientist working in this field, because GM crops have long been a very contentious issue, and for good reason. My work focuses on the social science aspects of the GM debate. I’m a sociologist based at a research group at the University of Reading looking at the future of agriculture. In previous work I’ve examined how GM food is discussed by the media, so I have a good sense of how the state, NGOs, farmers, and citizens all view the science of GM foods – and it varies quite a bit. So what exactly is the difference between GM and gene editing? I’ve come across many definitions in my time working on this topic. NP: I’m not surprised! There isn’t really an accepted definition of what genetic modification is, and that has certainly caused some problems. One could argue that the genetics of anything that’s been manipulated by humans has been modified in some way. We’ve been changing plant genomes for thousands of years. The process of domesticating and breeding crops made substantial changes to the sequences and structures of their genomes. Medieval calendar showing monthly agricultural tasks. Agricultural calendar, c. 1306. As long as humanity has been farming, we’ve been altering the genetic make-up of crops. Condé Museum Since the 1980s, we’ve had the ability to use recombinant DNA technologies to insert DNA sequences into plant genomes in order to confer useful traits, such as resistance to insect pests. This could be a DNA sequence from a different individual of the same species, from a closely related species, or from a more distantly related species. Such crops became known as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). They first came on to the markets in the 1990s and are now widely grown on about 10% of agricultural land worldwide in 29 countries. The outcomes of gene editing are quite different to those of GM. What genome editing technologies allow you to do is to make really precise changes to the DNA that already exists in an organism. You can delete something, even changing or deleting just one specific letter of the DNA code, or you can recode a longer section of a sequence. You can also use these technologies to insert DNA, but instead of inserting the new DNA randomly as happens with older GM technologies, you can insert it into a specific location in the genome. This is a Head to Head story The Conversation’s Head to Head articles feature academics from different disciplines chewing over current debates. If there’s a specific topic or question you’d like experts from different disciplines to discuss, please email us your question. Broadly, genetic modification has come to mean that one or more genes have been inserted whereas genome editing has come to mean small and specific changes to existing DNA. CP: You’ve just explained the science really clearly. And I think that might be what we’re missing in terms of the public debate – where often the loudest sentiment is that these technologies are unnatural or dangerous. In previous work I’ve analysed how journalists frame genetics news. Journalists often liken the rearrangement and changes to genes to Frankenstein and the idea of runaway science. This is turn can invoke the idea that scientific progress interferes with nature, producing results which are unpredictable and ethically wrong. White mushrooms on wooden background. The common white button mushroom was genetically modified with the gene-editing tool CRISPR–Cas9 to resist browning. It was the first such organism to receive a green light from the US government. Valerii Evlakhov/Shutterstock In 2015, for example, these Frankenfood headlines dominated. There were a lot of people who were for it too, but I got the overall sense that it was deemed a risk and that part of the problem was that scientists didn’t try hard enough to explain the technical stuff and the risks, and that the public’s concerns weren’t being listened to. I think sometimes we treat the public as being stupid. If the science isn’t explained and the public aren’t consulted, what are they supposed to think? In the UK, the gene-editing debate has sparked again. When Boris Johnson came into power, he stood on the steps of Downing Street and said he wanted to enable gene edited and genetically modified crops. This led to a government consultation on the matter. The proposed changes – yet to be announced formally – define gene-edited organisms as those “possessing genetic changes which could have been introduced by traditional breeding”. But has the dominant view changed since 2015? It’s not clear. There are also concerns that weakened regulations will lock the UK into industrialised farming methods. And there’s no real sense of how gene edited or GM crops fit into the broader food system. Agriculture does not operate and exist in isolation. NP: I totally agree that there was insufficient communication in the past. People do understand the science if it is explained in a considered way. One thing I have found is that it’s important for people to understand that all crop breeding techniques involve rearrangements and changes to genes. The risks of using these new breeding technologies are no greater than for older breeding technologies, the products of which are subject to far fewer checks. For the most part, what domestication and plant breeding has achieved is to remove toxins and to make them more nutritious and more high yielding. In the summer of 2018, the European court of justice ruled that genome edited plants would also be classified as being genetically modified. But, if a plant was mutated using radiation or mutagenic chemicals, even if the results were exactly the same (or had even more changes), the plant would not be GM. To many, this doesn’t make much sense. When there are no new genes inserted, I struggle to understand how and why plants mutated with these technologies should be regulated in a different way. That’s why European law in this area is controversial. Now with the UK being able to divert from European law post-Brexit, there is a discussion of whether that’s something that the country wants to keep. This is particularly relevant if the UK wants its agricultural products to be competitive on the wider global market with products from the United States and Canada and Brazil and Australia, who have decided not to regulate genome edited products in the same way that they do genetically modified products. CP: It’s the rearrangements and changes to genes which the media often pick up on. And this is where the idea of Frankenstein food gets brought into debates about GM foods. I think this illustrates why scientists need to communicate the risks rather than leaving it to journalists. The public are likely to have a better understanding then. The case for editing NP: Genetic rearrangements and changes to the sequences of genes occur naturally all the time. They also occur with older and established breeding technologies. Applying genetic technologies to crop breeding makes the process of bringing combinations of beneficial sequences and genes together into the same plant easier. Because scientists know what changes are being made, the consequences of these changes are closely observed and extensively analysed even before the plants enter large-scale breeding programmes. The outcomes of gene editing are therefore more likely to be predictable. I think what is critically important is for scientists to explain what we’re trying to achieve and the type of products we’re able to make – why they will be beneficial, both to health and the environment. We’re using an incredible amount of land and water for agriculture. And that often means that we are destroying pristine biodiverse environments, such as the Amazon rainforest, grasslands, wetlands and marshlands to grow more crops. Increasing yield on productive land and decreasing the amount of land used for agriculture is possibly the greatest impact that we will have on preserving biodiversity. Improving crop genetics can also reduce the amount of fertilisers and pesticides that we need to use, and we can make crops healthier, and increase their nutritional content. A single change to one letter of DNA sequence can turn off a gene and have a substantial effect. For example, making a single mutation to inactivate two genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis can lead to a different oil profile in oil seed crops making them healthier to consume. Plants also have genes that make them resistant or susceptible to specific diseases – a mutation in the coding sequence or in the regulatory sequences of these genes can mean that those pathogens can no longer infect them, which can reduce the need for fungicides and other chemicals. Scientific analyses that have been done on the impacts of many biotech crops have identified many benefits, including reducing the use of pesticides and improving the welfare and health of subsistence farmers. I think it’s really important that people understand that even when the goal is to increase yields, crop improvement is not only about profit. Power in the seed system CP: I’d certainly agree with you that these are very pressing issues and that the technology has the potential to do a lot of good, especially considering climate change and biodiversity loss. But what you say about profit can’t really be ignored. The dominance of the big companies is a big problem. I think that’s what’s underlying the issues now actually. People are asking: who’s got power in the seed system? Who’s controlling our food system? What was the big six is now the big four after a series of mergers (DowDuPont, Bayer-Monsanto, BASF and ChemChina-Syngenta); they’re controlling like 60% of the seed supply, you know? Yes, these companies do invest huge amounts of capital and time developing innovations such as gene-edited crops. So of course they protect these innovations through patents and intellectual property rights. But for many farmers in developing countries, these patents dispossess them of their rights to save seeds. Instead of saving seed and planting it the following year, farmers have to purchase new seed. This is arguably linked to horrific stories in some parts of the world – such as farmers accumulating so much debt that they take their own lives. There’s also the question of whether it is ethically correct for companies to own life. A hand cupping seeds; seed packets in background. The traditional practice of seed saving is illegal under the terms of many seed companies. Caron Badkin/ NP: I agree that ownership of the technologies underlying food production should be questioned and openly debated. I have previously written about the negative consequences of some of the patenting and ownership practices used in plant biotechnology. However, while a few companies may sell the majority of proprietary seeds, their dominance over global food supply chains is overstated. Smallholder farmers, who generally do not grow proprietary seeds, produce more than half of global food. One of the issues that often comes up as a concern is that specific herbicides must be used in conjunction with herbicide-tolerant GM plants. Until the patents of these herbicides expire, growers need to purchase both seeds and herbicides from the same company. Further, some of these crops are developed by chemical companies with a problematic history including the use of damaging chemicals such as Agent Orange. It’s undoubtedly tricky asking people to trust seed produced by these companies. Bad behaviour and poor corporate responsibility by companies should unquestionably be called out, curtailed and, where necessary, regulated. But seeking to counter the behaviour of a few companies by suppressing the use of technologies with enormous potential that are being used in public development programmes to improve lives does not seem reasonable to me. I argue that we should instead confront questions of ownership, and facilitate global access to enabling technologies to promote locally-led solutions. What do most people think? CP: That is certainly where lots of the push back comes from. I think even the smaller companies that are developing are always going to be associated with that. And yes, it’s time we debated that – the food system and the money seems to be a lot of the problem, not the science itself. Having said that, I don’t think the reason gene editing crops are important is coming through at the moment. I agree that these crops are important for biodiversity and the need to produce more food on less land with less water. But sometimes there’s a sense that these things are being forced on people. Mexicans actually pushed back on GM maize because maize is so culturally important to them. Soon after GM maize was introduced, in the late 1990s, they found genetic sequences known to be present in the GM varieties in a few samples of crops raised from local varieties. There was a sense then of an imposition or attack on their culture. And as a result of the aftermath of that debate Mexico actually ruled out GM maize in order to protect its maize breeding programmes, although it did continue to grow GM cotton. Man holds stack of different coloured corn on the cob. Mexico has an extraordinary diversity of maize – which was felt to be under threat from GM maize. Marcos Castillo/ That shows that sometimes we need to work with people more. We need to explain the science and the benefits and ask what they think, rather than framing it in a way that makes it seem like it’s inevitable. Yes, the possible benefits are enormous, but the people who are deciding which benefits are chosen and how, are often governments and corporations rather than farmers and the local people. And that’s a problem. The UK government, for example, often focuses on scientific advice in policy-making but I don’t think that’s the right route to go down. You need a wider debate sometimes as to what society wants, especially considering just how powerful these big companies are in the food system. The recent consultation is an example of this. There was a sense that the government had already decided that gene editing is going to happen, both on plants and animals. The consultation was made quite technical – too technical for people without a scientific understanding to contribute to. A lot of important questions – such as whether people consider gene editing to be ethical or who they believe will benefit from these technologies – just weren’t asked. It’s not always about science. A lot of people are actually quite accepting of the science, as we’ve discussed – the problem is who is controlling the food system. NP: I share people’s concerns about the lack of diversity in the seed trading companies. Perhaps ironically, I think that one of the reasons that there are so few agrotech companies is partly a result of the regulatory burdens around GM. It has been estimated to cost upwards of a hundred million dollars to bring a GM crop to market, with a substantial fraction spent on the regulatory process, There was considerable diversity in the plant biotechnology IP [intellectual property] landscape, with quite a lot of it owned by universities. However, it has been argued that the strategic use of patent rights and the implementation of high and scientifically unjustified regulatory barriers stifled innovation in smaller companies leaving only very large companies with the resources necessary to bring products to market. In recent years, with new patent and regulatory landscapes of genome editing, we see new plant biotech companies beginning to emerge. One of the things I’ve been involved in is enabling open-source plant biotechnology and accelerating technology transfer with the aim of enabling entrepreneurship and empowering scientists in resource poor regions. The long-term goal is to help scientists who are closely connected to the needs of their local farmers and populations obtain access to the training and technologies they need to start local companies, develop local crop varieties, and help democratise the seed production system. CP: I would agree. There’s a lot of government money being pushed into science the technology. But I think the way the government carried out the recent consultation – that sense of asking what people wanted, but not actually wanting to know the answer – might set the debate back a bit, at least in the UK. I think if the consultation had been done a bit differently, you might’ve got a better conversation going. They might, for example, have involved a citizen jury or similar. This is such an important topic, and it’s key that the public feel consulted. Then people could ask an expert – someone like you – what about this? What about that? Then the government would also have more of an understanding of the nature of public concerns and interest – and realise perhaps that they relate predominantly to the business or social side of things, rather than purely the science. The Conversation Nicola Patron receives funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), part of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI). Catherine Price receives funding from the British Academy. Source: The Conversation: Should we genetically edit the food we eat? We asked two experts Translate »
Can Ovarian Cysts Be Misdiagnosed? How would I know if my ovarian cyst burst? Vaginal spotting or bleeding. Abdominal bloating.. Can a cyst come out in your period? What is the main cause of ovarian cyst? Can a blood test detect an ovarian cyst? Regular ultrasound scans and blood tests are usually recommended over the course of a year to monitor the cyst. Surgical treatment to remove the cysts may be needed if they’re large, causing symptoms or potentially cancerous. Do ovarian cysts hurt when you push on them? Can a cyst make you feel pregnant? What test shows ovarian cysts? What size of ovarian cyst require surgery? Should ovarian cysts be removed? Large or persistent ovarian cysts, or cysts that are causing symptoms, usually need to be surgically removed. Surgery is also normally recommended if there are concerns that the cyst could be cancerous or could become cancerous. There are 2 types of surgery used to remove ovarian cysts: a laparoscopy. How many types of ovarian cysts are there? There are two types of functional ovarian cysts: follicle cysts and corpus luteum cysts. Follicular cysts contain a follicle that has failed to rupture and filled with more fluid instead. Corpus luteum cysts occur when the follicle ruptures to release the egg, but then seals up and swells with fluid. How can you tell the difference between ovarian cyst and endometriosis? When should I be concerned about an ovarian cyst? Ovarian cysts that enlarge can cause the ovary to move. This increases the risk of your ovary becoming twisted, known as ovarian torsion, which can decrease or stop blood flow to the ovary. If you have any symptoms such as severe pelvic pain, nausea and vomiting, you should see a medical professional immediately. Can endometriosis be mistaken for ovarian cysts? Can ovarian cysts be benign? An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms in the ovary. Ovarian cysts are common and, in the vast majority of cases, they are benign (noncancerous). What are the 4 stages of endometriosis? What cysts are associated with endometriosis? How can a doctor tell if you have an ovarian cyst?
Ayurveda Tips that Control Genetic Disorders in Children Ayurveda Tips that Control Genetic Disorders in Children: Genetic disorders are major hindrances in human development and improper formation of genotypes is the cause of these disorders. According to Ayurvedic texts, genetic disorders are the result of imbalance between mala, agni, dosha and dhatus; They are known as bijodosh and vikaara. This misalignment is caused by abnormalities in an individual’s genome and can range from a few small mutations in a gene to some major addition and subtraction to the entire set of chromosomes. The problem of genetic disorders is usually passed from generation to generation and is considered incurable till date. They occur in the body from birth and increase over time due to serious health consequences and can lead to death if proper care and precautions are not taken. According to Mr. Mohammad Yusuf N. Sheikh, Founder, Natural Ayurveda Health Center, medical experts, thousands of children in the country are born with genetic diseases and are suffering from lack of supportive treatment – which can cost anything from Rs 3 lakh to Rs 1.5 crore annually. Huh. There are many parents in a country who cannot afford very high medical costs for their children and lose their child. Unlike the cost of allopathic medicines and treatments, Ayurvedic treatments and medicines are more effective and affordable for the common man. Unlike allopathy, Ayurveda works on the management of this debilitating disease through revitalizing the immunity of living cells and tissues against further damage thus protecting an individual from severe stages of genetic disorders. Ayurveda Tips that Control Genetic Disorders in Children Ayurveda Tips that Control Genetic Disorders in Children While on the one hand, genetically inherited disorders are still considered as incurable diseases; On the other hand, Ayurveda has always aimed at the prevention and management of genetic diseases using rejuvenation and regeneration methods of herbal remedies. In the ancient texts of Ayurveda, it is clearly mentioned that bad lifestyle and immoral practices increase the disease manifold. Therefore, Ayurveda suggests people with a family background of ill to follow healthy routines, nutritious diet and regular physical workouts, as these people are more prone to fatal diseases than others. Lysosomal storage disorder Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are genetic disorders that result from the lack of specific enzymes that help the breakdown of certain lipids and sugars in the body’s cells. The body of a person lacking sufficient amounts of these enzymes will not be able to break down the fat or carbohydrates targeted by the enzymes for recycling. Thus, there is accumulation of excessive fat or sugars in lysosome cells where enzymes are active, thereby disrupting their normal functioning and inviting LSD into the body. Types of lysosomal storage disorders To date, the scientific community of researchers has already identified 40+ types of lysosomal storage disorders and the number still continues to grow. Although the number of cases of various types of LSD when taken individually is quite low, they affect about 1 in 7,700 births, thus making the medical community a relatively common medical problem in the health community. Some of the most common LSDs are as follows: Gaucher disease: In this disease excessive fat accumulates in the spleen, liver, bone marrow and sometimes in the brain. Fabric disease: This disorder often causes severe pain in the hands and feet of the patient. Forms and can cause a specific type of rash even in severe cases. With building fabric in the body, the blood vessels narrow over time, affecting the skin, kidneys, heart, brain, and nervous system badly. Hunter’s syndrome: The disease involves a group of disorders that cause some serious bone loss. And can interfere with joint deformity as well as normal development. Niemann-Pick disease: Similar to Gaucher, Niemann-Pick also causes organ enlargement, lung problems, and severe defects in the central nervous system for certain types of subtypes. It is made. It is a gene or seed power, in cells or cells and tissues or metal. According to the ideals of this ancient healing system it aims to ensure long-term health and well-being through a group of rejuvenation and detox therapies that include yogic, nutrition, panchakarma and phytotherapy. Here are some suggestions from Ayurveda to help cure cases of genetic disorders: 1. Eating healthy instead of hogging or junk Eating junk and high calorie diet makes a person sluggish and slows down the working speed of all major organs. Digestion starts going wrong and with that the accumulation of nutrients in the wrong parts of the body starts. Replace these snack junk with some healthy options like sprouts or fruit salad that will keep you energized throughout the day and make digestion easier. Eat 5 small meals a day and 3 heavy but healthy meals. A balanced diet with proper protein, carbs, fats and minerals can be icing on the bed to maintain good health with accurate synthesis of all essential nutrients. is. 2. It is healthy to get up early in the morning Sleeping early and waking up early makes you healthy, rich and intelligent ”; This quote is true for developing children into an overall healthy person, if one takes into account the sleeping pattern. Sleeping early and waking up early gives the human body significant time to rest its mind and tissue to ensure proper functioning at critical times. Along with nutrition from the diet, children also need adequate sleep and rest so that they can develop into a happy and healthy person. 3. Do regular yoga and exercise To keep pace with this hyperactive world, children need both mental and physical strength. This strength cannot be generated in one day but strength can be gained forever with regular yoga, meditation and workout sessions. These regular activities stimulate chemicals in the brain that help you relax and improve your moral. The well management of these body chemicals and calcium helps people go a step further towards better prevention and treatment of genetic disorders. Ayurveda Tips that Control Genetic Disorders in Children Leave a Reply
From the point of view of the recognition of the diverse spheres of facts, modes and norms, the traditional distinction between legal rights on the one hand, and ethical, moral, 'natural' or human rights on the other is of paramount importance. The former (which are also called "positive rights") belong wholly or primarily to the factual and modal spheres, whereas the latter belong to the normative and modal spheres. The expressions ethical, moral and natural right themselves may be defined in divergent ways, yet they are always contrasted with the concept of legal rights, and are held to exist prior to, or independently of, the law or other institutionalized social systems; that is, if the existence of ethical, moral or natural rights is acknowledged at all. While human rights are or would be rights which every human being has as a human being, natural right does not in the same way refer to a biological category of one or more species. It only refers to living beings looked upon from a 'natural', that is, a nonlegal or noncultural perspective. Quite often tho, the sole category of living beings recognized as having natural rights are human beings nevertheless. Thus, an advocate of rights may contend that there is 'at least one natural right, namely the equal right of all men to be free' (not of all natural, living or animal beings). In the context of human rights, moral rights and natural rights may be used interchangebly, but as soon as someone starts talking about rights which are created or conferred by people voluntarily, these special rights are moral rights which are not regarded as natural rights. Human rights themselves have been defined as moral rights of all human beings (or 'people') at all times and in all situations. They have also been defined as general, moral rights which are of a fundamental importance, and which are held 'unconditionally and unalterably'. The holders of human or moral rights are not always taken to be individuals. According to some theorists they may also be groups of human beings or whole natural communities of nonhuman, or both human and nonhuman beings. In the event that the parties are individuals, human or moral rights may be depicted as the rights of the individual against all other individuals, vis-à-vis the world at large and the state, or only the state, and so forth. It seems odd that someone could ever recognize human rights of individuals vis-à-vis the state only, because the expression human right suggests that the party has the right as a human being, not as a citizen or a member of a state. Logically speaking, to belong to a state, or to live in one, is a contingent matter, 'even for human beings'. Altho the notion of right is very closely related to that of the law and to what the law should be, this conception of human rights is one-sidedly archistic for a supposedly universal right. Having rejected the view that only citizens or groups of citizens could have human or moral rights, the next point is whether, conceptually speaking, also nonhuman beings can have moral or natural rights. Many human theorists take it that only human beings, and that all human beings, have such rights. (Furthermore, they also equate human being with person, and vice versa.) Some more enlightened theorists of rights have started from the principle that beings which have or can have interests are the kind of beings which can have rights. This includes nonhuman animals, and if this excludes plants, it also excludes human vegetables. When it is claimed that human rights are possessed by all (human beings), equally by all (human beings), and not on the basis of some subordinate quality like race, sex or social status, this qualification can be applied to any kind of right someone may fancy. For example, animal rights are, then, rights possessed by all (animal beings), 'equally' by all (animal beings), and not on the basis of a subordinate quality like species, sex or the region where the animal lives; or, children's rights are rights possessed by all (children), 'equally' by all (children), and not on the basis of a subordinate quality like descent, sex or age. No theory of rights has ever clarified why exclusively human beings should have 'human rights' because of their being human. No theory can explain why not every category of beings, or of sentient beings, or of beings with interests, should have the specific right of their category. None of the above so-called 'characteristics' of human rights pertains to human beings in particular. This does not only mean that an analogous type of right may pertain to categories which take in (solely) nonhuman beings, but also to any category that comprises only a subclass of human beings (such as citizens or human children), or a subclass of human and another of nonhuman beings (such as persons, logically speaking). In trying to justify human rights many advocates have taken the preservation of 'mankind', human dignity or some kind of equality as a fundamental 'law' or basic principle. The equality they speak of may be unqualified, may pertain to certain respects in which all persons are equal, to a minimum acceptable equality, or to a political equality. (One natural-rights theorist has 'justified' human equality on the basis of the equal need of continued motion, because human beings are 'self-moving' bodies, which would all 'equally try to continue their motion', and which would all be 'equally fragile'.) Yet, if equality is really a basic principle, it must apply to all beings belonging to the same category as that of 'self-moving bodies'); not exclusively to human beings but to sub- and super-specific categories, and to other species as well. (Political equality is itself already a sort of subspecific principle.) Of course, the founding principles of human rights may be the preservation of humankind and the equality or dignity of all human beings. But why start here, and why stop here? Some theorists have taken the meaningfulness of life as justificatory quality, but --first of all-- it is not always clear what they mean by life, let alone what they mean by meaningfulness. If life denotes the organismic state of self-moving or living beings, then the 'meaningfulness of life' does not generate human rights, but rights of living beings in general. On the other hand, if life denotes the state of being vital and functioning instead of dead, then this 'meaningfulness' only generates one right: the mandatory 'right' to life of all living beings, or only of mental beings, if both physical and mental experiences are believed to be essential. This intrinsic right corresponds to the general duty not to kill other living or mental beings, nor oneself. It does not imply any extrinsic, or other intrinsic, duty of noninterference, nor does it admit of any personal discretionary right of life, that is, both the right to continue one's own life and the right to finish, risk or sacrifice one's own life. Strictly speaking, it both allows too much (everything except killing) and disallows too much. Utilitarians who have not rejected the concept of right altogether, have attempted to base their justificatory theory on the maximization of interests. Apart from all its defects, this approach has often been conducive to at least one good thing: the recognition of all living beings that can suffer as the recipients or bearers of rights. Altho this ability to suffer has been used in attempts to justify only human rights, it has correctly been pointed out by those utilitarians that this criterion applies to all sentient beings, and it must therefore be concluded that it is sentient beings which have the rights thus justified. It has been argued that the objection against traditional consequentialism that it could not accomodate agent-relative values and the autonomy of human beings or people, only applies to utilitarianism and other forms of 'welfarist consequentialism'. It is not necessarily contrary to consequentialism itself to recognize certain kinds of agent-relativity, such as that of the doer or viewer, or to admit such a kind of relativity in the evaluation of the consequences themselves. The evaluation still remains consequence-based then and the goals in which these agent-relative values are now incorporated become the rights of a sort of 'goal-rights system'. Such a system would at the same time provide an alternative for 'constraint-based deontology' which is as inadequate as traditional consequentialism --as the argument goes-- because of its inability to deal with the interdependence of acts of different people. The weight of different rights (and duties) does in such a system itself depend on the consequences and the evaluation of those consequences. A category which is, biologically speaking, probably not much different from, or equal to, the one involved in questions of utility is the class of beings which have (or can have) interests. Justificatory theories which rest on the having of interests need not attribute rights to all beings which have interests tho. Having interests may be conceived of as a necessary but not a sufficient criterion of having rights. With respect to human rights the result is the same nevertheless: there are either no human rights or, if there are, human rights are merely one kind of rights among many other kinds pertaining to specific classes of beings with interests. What all the above-mentioned justificatory theories of rights and most other ones have in common, is that if they do justify or explain anything at all, this only or primarily concerns intrinsic general right-duty constellations. If they somehow do concern extrinsic right-duty constellations, then only in terms applicable to all rights, or rights and duties. Such is the case when the concept of interest is introduced (itself not a first-order doctrinal principle) or when a political complexion is put on the principle of equality. Every appeal, however, to doctrinal principles of the same (first) order, can solely justify intrinsic rights and duties. The majority of traditional justificatory theories of rights do not more than that, and not seldom in such an obviously inadequate way that they cannot be taken seriously. ©MVVM, 41-67 ASWW Model of Neutral-Inclusivity Book of Instruments Right-Duty Constellations Some Alleged Rights and Justifications
Human evolution Intelligent Design language No one evolved faster than the Neanderthal Spread the love Look how smart he got in the last few decades: This from a discussion of whether Neanderthals had language: Based on these results, most researchers agree Neanderthals were capable of emitting and hearing complex vocalizations. However, they disagree over the implications. While some consider the findings indicative of speech-based language in Neanderthals, others propose these features could have evolved for other reasons, like singing. Neanderthals may have lacked the cognitive abilities for language, but possessed the physical anatomy for musical calls to attract mates or sooth infants. To assess if Neanderthals had the brains for language, researchers usually rely on proxies from the archaeological record — artifacts that required the same cognitive prerequisites as language, such as hierarchical organization or abstract symbolic thought. The latter is necessary to encode sounds with meanings and evidenced by artifacts like beads and cave paintings. So did Neanderthals make those things? Eh, well, maybe. A few cases of Neanderthal ornaments and paintings have been reported, but are so rare that researchers question their authorship and antiquity. However, Neanderthals could have been symbolic in other ways. For instance, at many Neanderthal sites, archaeologists have found butchered wing bones from birds of prey. This could indicate Neanderthals adorned themselves with feathers (which did not preserve) imbued with symbolic meaning.Bridget Alex, “The Ongoing Debate Over Neanderthal Language” at Discover We don’t have many Neanderthal remains to study though. Some of us remember when the first Neanderthal art was found and it was a bombshell. Follow UD News at Twitter! See also: Neanderthals did know how to start fires Researchers: Neanderthals used fire to forge tools 170 kya One Reply to “No one evolved faster than the Neanderthal 1. 1 FourFaces says: One of the greatest paradoxes (contradictions?) of evolution is that, even though one should expect the species with the highest reproductive rates to be the most complex species on earth, it turns out that the opposite is true: the most complex species have the slowest reproductive rates. Evolution is not science. It’s a conspiracy of mediocre minds, a religion of cretins. Telling it like I see it. Leave a Reply
Weizmann Institute Scientists Develop a Novel System for Analyzing Genetic Data that Mimics the Human Capacity for Unsupervised Learning You are here Addressing this and similar challenges may soon be easier thanks to Prof. Eytan Domany of the Weizmann Institute's Physics of Complex Systems Department and doctoral students Gad Getz and Erel Levine. The team has designed a unique mathematical system for analyzing genetic data based on a computer algorithm that 'clusters' information into relevant categories. The algorithm searches simultaneously for clusters of 'similar' genes and patients by evaluating the gene expression of tissue samples. (A gene's 'expression' refers to the production level of the proteins it encodes.) Reported in the October 17 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), the algorithm's most powerful feature is that it mimics unassisted learning. Unlike most automated 'sorting' processes, in which a computer must be informed of the relevant categories in advance, the algorithm is analogous to human intuition (such as the ability to intuitively categorize images of animals and cars into proper classes). When given a clustering task, it analyzes the data, computes the degree of similarity among its components, and determines its own clustering criteria. The new method makes use of a previous application by Domany and his colleagues based on a well-known physical phenomenon. When a granular magnet such as a magnetic tape is warm, its grains are highly disorganized. But upon cooling down, the magnet's grains progressively organize themselves into well-ordered clusters. Using the statistical mechanics of granular magnets, Domany created an algorithm that can look for clusters in any data. When applied in a cancer study using DNA chips, the new algorithm proved highly effective, evaluating roughly 140,000 figures representing the cellular expression of 2,000 genes from 70 subjects. The algorithm categorized tissue samples into separate clusters according to their gene expression profiles. For example, one cluster consisted of cancerous tissues, while another contained samples from healthy subjects. The new method also distinguished among different forms of cancer as well as demonstrating treatment effects, picking up differences in the gene expression of leukemia patients that had received treatment versus those that had not. The ability to monitor cell response to treatment and understand the origin of disease in each patient may improve future treatment protocols, which would be tailored to individual pathologies. Finally, one of the algorithm's most promising features is that it enabled researchers to pinpoint a small group of genes from within the 2,000 examined that can be used to accurately distinguish between cellular cancerous processes. In a sense, however, applying the new algorithm to DNA chips is only a start. The new algorithm's inherent clustering capacity makes it invaluable for use in data-heavy scientific and industrial applications. It may be used to analyze financial information and MRI data in brain research, or to perform 'data mining,' the process by which specific details are culled from the world's huge and ever-growing data banks, such as those generated by the international Human Genome Project. The Institute's technology transfer arm, Yeda Research and Development, has issued a patent application for the algorithm. Prof. Eytan Domany holds the Henry J. Leir Professorial Chair.
Video games, a source of positive emotions! Video games, a source of positive emotions! In the last decade the world of video games, of any genre they are, has known its period of maximum expansion and the use of recreational video products shows no signs of decreasing, indeed it is constantly growing, thanks also to the now ever increasing number of “casual” gamers who play through smartphones and tablets and often do not even know they are gamers. One of the elements to be taken into consideration to better interpret this success is the ability of video games to arouse emotions. Even looking at the dawn of video games, we can find this characteristic; let’s take for example Tetris, which could be summarized in “place the geometric, two-dimensional and three-dimensional shapes that the game generates, to optimize the spaces”: the speeding up of the falling bricks as the levels progress and the pressure of the music change the emotional experience of the player. The mechanisms behind these simple emotional activations are innumerable and vary according to the different games: from identification with the characters and identification in the story, to the graphic and entertainment aspects, to conclude with the challenge dimension. The combinations of these components and the resulting emotional activation can produce very different outcomes: just as a video game can make us happy, move and excite, it can also arouse anger or frustration. With this article we will try to better understand the role of video games in the relationship between positive emotions and well-being. As we have said, video games have the ability to involve and excite us and, if their diffusion is so developed, it is due to the fact that in most cases, when you play, you can enjoy pleasant moments characterized by a feeling of well-being. This quality has affected positive psychology which is based on the use of positive emotions, the basis for the promotion and development of well-being. Positive psychology investigated positive emotions in video games through two approaches. The hedonic approach focuses on the relationship between the individual and those experiences that generate pleasure and are attributable to a positive emotion: video games are supporters par excellence of this type of sensations, resulting as excellent means for the search for well-being and pleasure. Let’s think, for example, of famous I phone games such as “Angry birds” or “Fruit ninja”, in which the activity to be carried out is not particularly complex, but the gaming experience, starting from the graphics to the completion of the challenge, is designed to gratify the subject, rewarding his effort and encouraging his progress. The eudaimonic approach, on the other hand, alludes to well-being resulting from the development of personal preferences, which, if satisfied, lead to happiness, understood as the maximum expression of one’s potential and of “becoming masters of one’s own destiny”. Games that focus on this dimension are generally more complex, as they require the involvement and identification of the subjects in order to promote high states of “well-being” during the videogame experience. This includes all those products that include an avatar to customize and evolve, for example Destiny or World of Warcraft. Video games can therefore become a means for individual well-being, helping a person to orient himself within his own self and his own world, constituting a sort of “gym” where the individual can learn to express himself and experience the their emotions. Our hope is that by going beyond the negative opinions and statements discrediting video games, we become aware of the great opportunities that this medium brings with it.
Our fourth case study involves a feedback control system design for a hydraulic actuator. Our fourth case study involves a feedback control system design for a hydraulic actuator. Hydraulic actuators have many applications ranging from robotics, earth-moving machinery, construction equipment, and aerospace [6, 7]. Figure 11.32 shows a schematic diagram of an electrohydraulic actuator (EHA) that consists of an electromechanical actuator (solenoid), spool valve, and hydraulic cylinder with piston. An input voltage signal is applied to the solenoid actuator (not shown in Fig. 11.32), which in turn moves the spool valve left or right in order to meter flow in and out of the hydraulic cylinder. If the spool-valve displacement y is positive (to the right) as shown in Fig. 11.32, fluid flows from the supply pressure PS through the valve orifice and into the right-hand side of the cylinder. Consequently, if right-side cylinder pressure P1 is higher than pressure P2, the piston moves to the left resulting in a positive displacement x for the piston. When y > 0, fluid flows from the left-side cylinder (pressure P2) to the reservoir (drain) pressure Pr. Volumetric flow into and out of the right-side cylinder is Q1, while Q2 is the volumetric flow out of and into the left-side cylinder. Our objective is to develop a feedback control system for the EHA that will automatically adjust the input voltage so that the piston stroke x reaches a desired target position. We want a fast piston response with good damping characteristics and very little overshoot. As an example, this case study might represent a hydraulic actuator for positioning an aerodynamic surface such as an airplane’s elevator, aileron, or rudder. This type of actuator is called a servomechanism Related Questions in engineering category
Why Global Citizens Should Care The climate crisis demands urgent action at all levels of society. The United Nations calls on countries to rapidly scale down greenhouse gas emissions. You can join us in taking action on similar issues here The climate crisis demands economic transformation, a task for world leaders to tackle through policies and investments. But everyday citizens can help accelerate this shift by adopting ways of life that are better for the planet, while also organizing communities to build power around principles of climate justice. When enough people do this, real structural change becomes more possible. There are many ways to live more sustainably, including reducing how much meat you eat, taking less flights, and supporting local agriculture. Revamping your home is another way you can make a difference. Houses and apartment buildings have a major environmental impact through the energy they use for heating and cooking, the water they consume, and the land they take up. Here are seven ways you can make your home better for the environment. 1. Power your home with renewables. There’s a good chance that the electricity in your home comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which means that every time you turn on the TV or plug in your home, coal, natural gas (also known as methane gas), and oil companies are profiting. You can stop supporting these companies by calling your energy provider (if you have one) and asking them to supply your home with renewable sources of energy, such as wind and solar. Not only will you be reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but there’s a good chance that your energy bill will go down as prices of clean energy continue to plummet. 2. Improve your home’s insulation. A lot of the heat and air conditioning produced in a home leaks out of windows and door frames, which drives up utility costs and causes more energy to be consumed. An easy way to fix this is to insulate your windows and door frames, or install sealed windows and door frames. 3. Get an electric or induction stove. While gas stoves use less energy than their electric counterparts, they pollute homes with so many toxic fumes that they pose a direct threat to your health. Indoor air pollution is a global health crisis that contributes to millions of premature deaths annually. Switching to an electric stove or induction stove will ensure that the air you breathe is much cleaner. And if you’re already powering your home with renewable energy, you can ensure that your new stove isn’t harming the environment. 4. Replace your gas boiler. The International Energy Agency (IEA), the world’s leading energy analysis firm, released a blockbuster report on May 18 that mapped out how the world can achieve the Paris climate agreement’s goal of keeping temperatures from rising more than 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. A key part of this plan involves a global ban on new gas boilers by 2025, which are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions in houses and buildings. Replacing this outdated technology is expensive, but many governments offer subsidies and rebates for people buying heat pumps and hydrogen boilers because of the environmental benefit. 5. Get energy-efficient appliances. This is another expensive transition, but if you have the means, you can significantly reduce household energy use by buying energy-efficient appliances such as air conditioners, refrigerators, dishwashers, and washing machines. 6. Go zero waste. Whether it’s old packaging, rotten food, or plastic junk, household trash quickly accumulates. Every month, the average US citizen generates their body weight in garbage, which goes to landfills, incinerators, and other facilities that pollute surrounding environments and release greenhouse gases. You can reduce the waste generated by your household by buying food in bulk, reusing and repurposing old bottles and containers, engaging in less consumerism, and composting. A lot of old food scraps lying about can be composted to create nutrient-rich soil. 7. Grow plants. You can take some of that compost to nourish a garden. Cultivating herbs, flowers, vegetables, fruits, and other plants in your backyard or on a windowsill has many benefits. Plants clean the air and provide a habitat for pollinating insects that are essential to all ecosystems. Growing plants can also strengthen your relationship with nature, allowing you to better appreciate the splendor of life, and ultimately turn you into a stronger advocate for the planet. Global Citizen Life Defend the Planet 7 Simple Ways to Make Your Home Better for the Planet By Joe McCarthy
How To Use Flash Fill In Excel For Automatic Data Entry Table of Contents[Show] How To Use Flash Fill In Excel For Automatic Data Entry Excel Flash Fill Feature - If you use Microsoft Excel 2013 or above you can fill cells or input data in Excel automatically based on certain patterns according to the sample data you provide. The way this is meant is to use the FLASH FILL function in Excel. This Flash Fill function is almost similar and indeed complements the Auto Fill Data function in Excel. The difference is that Auto Fill is more intended for data sequence formation patterns on one row or one column only, while Flash fill is more intended for the formation of new data based on certain patterns that can be more complex or more complicated. This function is also similar to the Text to Columns feature which is used to extract or separate data. It's just that, in addition to separating data or splitting data into sections based on a certain pattern, Flash Fill can also be used to combine data or unify certain data in Microsoft Excel. Wow ... But still confused me? For example, you have the full name data in column A. Then you want to separate the first name and last name into 2 columns. Column B contains the first name and Column C contains the last name. Or vice versa, you already have data for the first name and last name in different columns, then you want to combine them into the full name in the next column. Without using Excel formulas which are relatively complicated, you can easily and quickly do these things using the Flash Fill feature in Excel. The new Flash Fill feature was introduced in the Ms. Excel 2013 so to be able to use this feature you must be using Office Excel 2013 or later. If you are still using Excel 2010 and below then you will not be able to enjoy this cool feature. Okay, then how do you use the Flash Fill function in Excel? Let's continue on the tutorial discussion. How to Use Flash Fill in Excel By using Flash Fill, Excel will guess what data should be entered in other cells after studying and analyzing the data you write manually. Therefore Flash Fill in Excel will work best if your data has a clear pattern. There are at least 4 ways to be able to access or use Excel's Flash Fill feature: 1) Tab Home--Group Editing--Fill--Flash Fill. Use Flash Fill in Excel 2) Tab Data--Group Data Tools--Flash Fill. Use Flash Fill in Excel 3) Using Fill Handle. The Fill Handle appears when you use Auto fill Data. Use Flash Fill in Excel 4) Using Shortcut .Ctrl + E Excel Flash Fill Shortcut To be clearer, I will demonstrate how to use flash fill in Excel. Steps to Use Excel Flash Fill Steps to Use Excel Flash Fill For example, if you want to get the first name and last name from the data above, the steps you need are as follows: 1. Write the pattern for the first name of one of the corresponding cells. Generally in the top data cell (Type "Pavan" in cell B2). 2. Move the active cell to other cells in one column. For convenience, just press enter so that the active cell moves below the pattern reference cell at number 1 (Activate Cell B3). 3. Next select the Flash Fill command which you can find on the HOME Tab - Group Editing - Fill - Flash Fill or DATA Tab - Group Data Tools - Flash Fill. If you are familiar with using shortcuts, you can activate the Flash Fill command by pressing a button .Ctrl + E 4. Do the same from 1-3 to fill in the data for the last name. The way to combine first and last names is also the same, the most important thing is to build the correct pattern so that Excel can predict the new data patterns you want to generate with this Flash Fill. With flash fill you can also take the initials pattern of item names for example, instead of using the LEFT, MID or RIGHT functions which in certain cases might even make it difficult for you. Examples of Using Flash Fill in Excel Here I will give 8 examples of using Flash Fill, Excel's newest feature that is sophisticated enough to automatically input data on Excel worksheets. 1) Splitting Text from Multiple Columns In this case, you can use Flash Fill as an alternative to using the Text to Column feature. Flash Fill - Separates First and Last Name 2) Combining Text from Multiple Columns Excel Flash Fill as an alternative way to combine text with the Concatenate or ampersand (&) function . Combining Text from Multiple Columns 3) Changing Excel Data Format (Numbers and Text) Besides being able to be used to format text, you can also use Flash Fill in Excel to format numbers. Flash Fill - Change Data Format 4) Extract Numbers / Extract Numbers from Text Apart from using complex Excel formulas to separate numbers and text, try other alternatives using the Flash Fill function provided by Office Excel. Flash Fill - Take numbers (Extract Number from String Excel) 5) Extract Text / Extract Character Flash Fill - Splitting the Date Month and Year Excel 6) Extract Date Month Year Apart from using the DATE, MONTH or YEAR functions to get the date, month and year values, you can also use Flash Fill for the same purpose. 7) Making Abbreviations (Acronyms) Don't bother using the LEFT, MID or RIGHT functions if your need is only for abbreviations or acronyms. Try this powerful Flash Fill. Flash Fill - Create Abbreviations / Acronyms 8) Changing Text Capitalization (Proper Lower Upper) The Flash Fill feature in Excel can also replace the UPPER, LOWER or PROPER functions which are commonly used to change text capitalization in Excel. Flash Fill - Change Excel's Capitalization How to Enable Flash Fill in Excel I already use Excel 2013, but why is the Excel flash fill feature that I am using not active? If you can't use the flash fill feature, take a look at your excel settings in the section. Then make sure the parts are checked. Whether you are successful or not in data entry using the Flash Fill feature, of course, will depend on the data patterns you have. Please explore further for other usage examples. File--Options--Advanced Automatically Flash Fill How to Enable Flash Fill in Excel If you find this excel tutorial useful, please share it so that your friends can also get the benefits. Greetings Excel Class. Leave a Comment
Teaching Mathematics: Oregon Elementary Teacher Preparation Policy Meets a small part of goal Suggested Citation: National Council on Teacher Quality. (2020). Teaching Mathematics: Oregon results. State Teacher Policy Database. [Data set]. Retrieved from: https://www.nctq.org/yearbook/state/OR-Teaching-Mathematics-90 Analysis of Oregon's policies Mathematics Content Test Requirements: Oregon's endorsement rules indicate that "the scope of the endorsement shall be determined by the National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) course codes associated with the endorsement." The Course to Endorsement Catalogue indicates that teachers with the Elementary—Multiple Subjects license are authorized to teach elementary subjects through grade 6 as well as through grade 8 in self-contained classrooms. The National Evaluation Series (NES) Elementary Education content test consists of two separately scored subtests. Mathematics counts for 50 percent of subtest two and is combined with other subject areas, e.g., science and the arts, health and fitness. Because the test does not report a specific math score, a teacher candidate could answer many math questions incorrectly and still pass the test. Additionally, the Teacher Standards and Practices Commission Program Review and Standards Handbook, describes the model for demonstrating content knowledge, that includes the following options: • Option 1: passage of a content test • Option 2: program completion (for those endorsements for which there is not a test) • Option 3: bachelor's degree or higher in the endorsement area • Option 4: a score of 70 or higher on the Teacher Standards and Practice's Commission (TSPC) content preparation matrix. The matrix factors in scores from the applicable content test. Mathematics Preparation Standards: Oregon has articulated teaching standards that its approved teacher preparation programs must use to frame instruction in elementary mathematics content. These standards include mathematics foundations and areas such as number and operations, algebra, geometry, measurement, and data analysis and probability. Oregon also relies on 2018 Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP) K-6 Elementary Teacher Preparation Standards. These standards address content in mathematics foundations and pedagogy. Recommendations for Oregon Require teacher candidates to pass a rigorous mathematics assessment. Although Oregon is on the right track in requiring an elementary assessment with subtests, the state's efforts fall short because it combines math with other subjects and does not report a specific subscore for math. Oregon should strengthen its policy by testing mathematics content with a rigorous assessment tool, such as the Massachusetts Tests for Educator Licensure (MTEL) mathematics test, which evaluates mathematics knowledge beyond an elementary school level and challenges candidates' understanding of underlying mathematics concepts. Such a test could also be used to allow candidates to test out of coursework requirements. To help ensure that all students are taught by a teacher who has demonstrated adequate mathematics content knowledge, teacher candidates who lack this knowledge should not be eligible for licensure. Additionally, Oregon's required test is undermined by the state's policy that allows teacher candidates to demonstrate content knowledge in ways that do not include the passage of a test with individual subscores. Relevant upper-level coursework lays the foundation for requisite content knowledge, but to ensure that teacher candidates possess sufficient subject-matter knowledge for the elementary classroom, Oregon should require all teacher candidates to pass a rigorous test. State response to our analysis Oregon did not respond to NCTQ's request to review this analysis for accuracy. Updated: February 2020 How we graded 2B: Teaching Elementary Mathematics • Content Knowledge: The state should require: Content Knowledge The entire goal score may be earned based on the following: Research rationale
Treating measles The majority of children with measles (rubeola) can be managed at home with simple remedies such as paracetamol to reduce fever. Nutrition is very important, especially if the child was malnourished beforehand. It may be difficult to get children to eat because of vomiting, herpes mouth ulcers or lack of appetite. High-energy liquid foods and extra vitamins should be given. Additional fluids should be given by mouth when there’s diarrhoea. A homemade rehydration solution for treating diarrhoea is as follows: • ½ a teaspoon of salt • 8 level teaspoons of sugar • 1 litre of boiled, cooled water Dissolve the salt and sugar in the water. Don’t be tempted to add extra salt or sugar, as this can be harmful. In infants, breastfeeding should be maintained and encouraged, even if diarrhoea is present. More severe diarrhoea will require management in hospital. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends that children younger than one year be given vitamin A supplements to reduce the risk of complications of measles. Consult your healthcare professional about the appropriate dose of vitamin A, which is taken by mouth. Cleaning of the eyes with warm, salty water and cotton wool helps to prevent bacterial infection. Antibiotic ointment may be necessary if infection occurs. The mouth should be cleaned with warm, slightly salty water. Herpes ulceration and additional bacterial infection may require an anti-viral drug and possibly an antibiotic. In general, antibiotics should only be given if there are complications such as ear infection, pneumonia or definite bacterial-caused diarrhoea. However, children at high risk of complications (e.g. those with severe malnutrition or HIV/AIDS) may be given broad-spectrum antibiotics at the outset to try to prevent the almost inevitable complication of bacterial infections. Children with encephalitis require close nursing in hospital and a sedative drug if convulsions are a feature. Course and prognosis of measles Although measles (rubeola) can be a serious illness, it usually follows a relatively short and predictable course. Most children can be managed at home, possibly with some supervision from a healthcare professional. We live in a world where facts and fiction get blurred Subscribe to News24 Voting Booth Have you entered our Health of the Nation survey? 30% - 9645 votes 70% - 22647 votes

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